Securities | Securities The carrying amount of AFS securities and their approximate fair values at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, are summarized as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2023 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 197,875 $ — $ 19,456 $ 178,419 Obligations of states and municipalities 547,896 44 79,578 468,362 Residential mortgage backed - agency 56,991 20 4,341 52,670 Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 349,123 12 27,985 321,150 Commercial mortgage backed - agency 59,409 58 1,635 57,832 Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 190,542 97 7,414 183,225 Asset-backed 95,317 101 2,819 92,599 Other 9,500 — 972 8,528 $ 1,506,653 $ 332 $ 144,200 $ 1,362,785 December 31, 2022 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 198,154 $ — $ 23,161 $ 174,993 Obligations of states and municipalities 550,590 12 96,695 453,907 Residential mortgage backed - agency 57,883 14 4,836 53,061 Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 365,983 2 26,690 339,295 Commercial mortgage backed - agency 61,810 75 1,952 59,933 Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 191,709 10 8,420 183,299 Asset-backed 101,791 49 3,214 98,626 Other 9,500 — 857 8,643 $ 1,537,420 $ 162 $ 165,825 $ 1,371,757 At March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, AFS securities with amortized costs of $799.3 million and $637.1 million, respectively, and with estimated fair values of $714.5 million and $552.5 million, respectively, were pledged to serve as collateral for secured borrowings, derivative exposures, or to secure public deposits as required or permitted by law. As of March 31, 2023, the Company entered into a fair value hedge using the portfolio layer method that is described in further detail within Note 9 - Derivatives . The gross realized gains, realized losses, and proceeds from the sales of securities for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and March 31, 2022, were as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2023 March 31, 2022 Gross realized gains $ — $ 727 Gross realized losses — (623) Proceeds from sales of securities — 87,033 The tax benefit (provision) related to these net realized gains and losses for March 31, 2023, and March 31, 2022, was zero, and $21.8 thousand, respectively. The maturities of AFS securities at March 31, 2023, were as follows (in thousands): (Expected maturities of securities not due at a single maturity date are based on average life at estimated prepayment speed. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay some obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties). March 31, 2023 Amortized Cost One Year or Less One to Five Years Five to Ten Years After Ten Years Total Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ — $ 59,546 $ 138,329 $ — $ 197,875 Obligations of states and municipalities 370 10,947 332,562 204,017 547,896 Residential mortgage backed - agency 42 33,446 23,503 — 56,991 Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 32,336 209,368 92,763 14,656 349,123 Commercial mortgage backed - agency 233 52,796 6,380 — 59,409 Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 32,882 152,507 5,153 — 190,542 Asset-backed 2,296 51,621 41,400 — 95,317 Other — — 9,500 — 9,500 $ 68,159 $ 570,231 $ 649,590 $ 218,673 $ 1,506,653 March 31, 2023 Fair Value One Year or Less One to Five Years Five to Ten Years After Ten Years Total Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ — $ 55,500 $ 122,919 $ — $ 178,419 Obligations of states and municipalities 370 10,204 296,965 160,823 468,362 Residential mortgage backed - agency 42 32,561 20,067 — 52,670 Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 31,027 198,301 78,487 13,335 321,150 Commercial mortgage backed - agency 232 51,524 6,076 — 57,832 Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 32,283 146,728 4,214 — 183,225 Asset-backed 2,238 49,966 40,395 — 92,599 Other — 8,528 — 8,528 $ 66,192 $ 544,784 $ 577,651 $ 174,158 $ 1,362,785 At March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in any amount greater than 10% of shareholders’ equity. The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s securities with unrealized losses aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. AFS securities in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and more than twelve months are as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2023 Less Than Twelve Months More Than Twelve Months Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Total Unrealized Losses Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ — $ — $ 178,419 $ 19,456 $ 19,456 Obligations of states and municipalities 17,774 330 444,269 79,248 79,578 Residential mortgage backed - agency 616 10 42,382 4,331 4,341 Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 109,454 7,318 210,963 20,667 27,985 Commercial mortgage backed - agency 1,688 124 54,441 1,511 1,635 Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 10,970 136 160,432 7,278 7,414 Asset-backed 21,586 187 61,972 2,632 2,819 Other 6,775 725 1,753 247 972 $ 168,863 $ 8,830 $ 1,154,631 $ 135,370 $ 144,200 December 31, 2022 Less Than Twelve Months More Than Twelve Months Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Total Unrealized Losses Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 28,399 $ 1,131 $ 146,594 $ 22,030 $ 23,161 Obligations of states and municipalities 128,373 12,378 320,287 84,317 96,695 Residential mortgage backed - agency 7,258 26 41,975 4,810 4,836 Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 204,866 11,822 134,056 14,868 26,690 Commercial mortgage backed - agency 23,026 562 34,847 1,390 1,952 Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 144,193 6,171 23,374 2,249 8,420 Asset-backed 43,472 815 50,088 2,399 3,214 Other 6,877 623 1,766 234 857 $ 586,464 $ 33,528 $ 752,987 $ 132,297 $ 165,825 The Company is required to conduct an impairment evaluation on AFS securities to determine whether the Company has the intent to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery. If these situations apply, the guidance requires the Company to reduce the security's amortized cost basis down to its fair value through earnings. The Company also evaluates the unrealized losses on AFS securities to determine if a security's decline in fair value below its amortized cost basis is due to credit factors. The evaluation is based upon factors such as the creditworthiness of the underlying borrowers, performance of the underlying collateral, if applicable, and the level of credit support in the security structure. Management also evaluates other factors and circumstances that may be indicative of a decline in the fair value of the security due to a credit factor. This includes, but is not limited to, an evaluation of the type of security, length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost and near-term prospects of the issuer. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of the expected cash flows of the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost, an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis under the CECL standard, and declines due to non-credit factors are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), net of taxes. If a credit loss is recognized in earnings, subsequent improvements to the expectation of collectability will be recognized through the ACL. If the fair value of the security increases above its amortized cost, the unrealized gain will be recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes, on the consolidated statements of financial condition. Prior to implementation of the CECL standard, unrealized losses caused by a credit event would require the direct write-down of the AFS security through the other-than-temporary impairment approach. The Company did not record an ACL on the AFS securities at March 31, 2023, or upon implementation of CECL on January 1, 2023. As of both periods, the Company considers the unrealized losses on the AFS securities to be related to fluctuations in market conditions, primarily interest rates, and not reflective of deterioration in credit. The Company had 451 securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2023. The Company has evaluated available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position for credit related impairment at March 31, 2023, and concluded no impairment existed based on a combination of factors, which included: (1) the securities are of high credit quality, (2) unrealized losses are primarily the result of market volatility and increases in market interest rates, (3) the contractual terms of the investments do not permit the issuer(s) to settle the securities at a price less than the par value of each investment, (4) issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments, and (5) the Company does not intend to sell any of the investments and the accounting standard of “more likely than not” has not been met for the Company to be required to sell any of the investments before recovery of its amortized cost basis. As such, there was no ACL on available-for-sale securities at March 31, 2023. Securities of U.S. Treasury and Federal Agencies and Federal Agency Mortgage (Residential and Commercial) Backed Securities At March 31, 2023, the unrealized losses associated with 12 U.S. Treasuries and Government Agency securities, 19 Residential Mortgage Backed – Agency securities, and 31 Commercial Mortgage Backed – Agency securities were generally driven by changes in interest rates and not due to credit losses given the explicit or implicit guarantees provided by the U.S. government. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at March 31, 2023. Securities of U.S. States and Municipalities At March 31, 2023, the unrealized losses associated with 214 State and Municipal securities were primarily caused by changes in interest rates and not the credit quality of the securities. These securities are investment grade and were generally underwritten in accordance with our own investment standards prior to the decision to purchase, without relying on a bond insurer’s guarantee in making the investment decision. These securities will continue to be monitored as part of our ongoing impairment analysis but are expected to perform, even if the rating agencies reduce the credit rating of the bond insurers. As a result, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at March 31, 2023. Residential & Commercial Mortgage Backed – Non-Agency Securities At March 31, 2023, the unrealized losses associated with 108 Residential Mortgage Backed – Non-Agency securities and 36 Commercial Mortgage Backed – Non-Agency securities were generally driven by changes in interest rates, credit spreads, and projected collateral losses. We assess for credit impairment by estimating the present value of expected cash flows. The key assumptions for determining expected cash flows include default rates, loss severities, and/or prepayment rates. Based on our assessment of the expected credit losses and the credit enhancement level of the securities, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost of these securities. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at March 31, 2023. Asset-Backed Securities At March 31, 2023, the unrealized losses associated with 28 Asset-Backed securities were generally driven by changes in interest rates, credit spreads, and projected collateral losses. We assess for credit impairment by estimating the present value of expected cash flows. The key assumptions for determining expected cash flows include default rates, loss severities, and/or prepayment rates. Based on our assessment of the expected credit losses and the credit enhancement level of the securities, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost of these securities. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at March 31, 2023. Other Securities At March 31, 2023, the unrealized losses associated with 3 securities were primarily driven by interest rates and not the credit quality of the securities. These investments are underwritten in accordance with our own investment standards prior to the decision to purchase, without relying on a bond insurer’s guarantee in making the investment decision. Based on our assessment of the expected credit losses, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the securities. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at March 31, 2023. Restricted stock, at cost The Company’s investment in Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock totaled $9.1 million and $16.4 million at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. FHLB stock is generally viewed as a long-term investment and as a restricted investment security, which is carried at cost, because there is no market for the stock other than the FHLB or member institutions. Therefore, when evaluating FHLB stock for impairment, its value is based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. The Company does | Securities The carrying amount of AFS securities and their approximate fair values at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, are summarized as follows (in thousands): June 30, 2023 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 197,592 $ — $ 22,195 $ 175,397 Obligations of states and municipalities 538,194 28 82,360 455,862 Residential mortgage backed - agency 47,340 — 5,350 41,990 Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 323,519 13 27,428 296,104 Commercial mortgage backed - agency 37,558 25 1,497 36,086 Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 172,286 — 7,979 164,307 Asset-backed 76,611 3 2,135 74,479 Other 9,500 — 1,535 7,965 $ 1,402,600 $ 69 $ 150,479 $ 1,252,190 December 31, 2022 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 198,154 $ — $ 23,161 $ 174,993 Obligations of states and municipalities 550,590 12 96,695 453,907 Residential mortgage backed - agency 57,883 14 4,836 53,061 Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 365,983 2 26,690 339,295 Commercial mortgage backed - agency 61,810 75 1,952 59,933 Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 191,709 10 8,420 183,299 Asset-backed 101,791 49 3,214 98,626 Other 9,500 — 857 8,643 $ 1,537,420 $ 162 $ 165,825 $ 1,371,757 At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, AFS securities with amortized costs of $834.8 million and $637.1 million, respectively, and with estimated fair values of $735.5 million and $552.5 million, respectively, were pledged to serve as collateral for secured borrowings, derivative exposures, or to secure public deposits as required or permitted by law. The gross realized gains, realized losses, and proceeds from the sales of securities for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, were as follows (in thousands): June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 Gross realized gains $ 773 $ 727 Gross realized losses (884) (623) Proceeds from sales of securities 77,780 87,033 The tax benefit (provision) related to these net realized gains and losses for June 30, 2023, and June 30, 2022, was $23.3 thousand, and ($21.8) thousand, respectively. The maturities of AFS securities at June 30, 2023, were as follows (in thousands): (Expected maturities of securities not due at a single maturity date are based on average life at estimated prepayment speed. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay some obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties). June 30, 2023 Amortized Cost One Year or Less One to Five Years Five to Ten Years After Ten Years Total Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 29,711 $ 40,637 $ 127,244 $ — $ 197,592 Obligations of states and municipalities 370 12,935 317,052 207,837 538,194 Residential mortgage backed - agency 42 23,836 23,462 — 47,340 Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 58,019 160,253 95,481 9,766 323,519 Commercial mortgage backed - agency 196 31,090 6,272 — 37,558 Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 8,562 158,575 5,149 — 172,286 Asset-backed 8,765 36,411 31,435 — 76,611 Other — — 9,500 — 9,500 $ 105,665 $ 463,737 $ 615,595 $ 217,603 $ 1,402,600 June 30, 2023 Fair Value One Year or Less One to Five Years Five to Ten Years After Ten Years Total Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 28,835 $ 35,757 $ 110,805 $ — $ 175,397 Obligations of states and municipalities 370 11,884 279,357 164,251 455,862 Residential mortgage backed - agency 42 22,857 19,091 — 41,990 Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 55,532 150,656 80,996 8,920 296,104 Commercial mortgage backed - agency 196 29,955 5,935 — 36,086 Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 8,367 151,823 4,117 — 164,307 Asset-backed 8,661 35,210 30,608 — 74,479 Other — 7,965 — 7,965 $ 102,003 $ 438,142 $ 538,874 $ 173,171 $ 1,252,190 At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in any amount greater than 10% of shareholders’ equity. The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s securities with unrealized losses aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. AFS securities in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and more than twelve months are as follows (in thousands): June 30, 2023 Less Than Twelve Months More Than Twelve Months Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Total Unrealized Losses Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ — $ — $ 175,397 $ 22,195 $ 22,195 Obligations of states and municipalities 11,245 291 440,754 82,069 82,360 Residential mortgage backed - agency 602 15 41,387 5,335 5,350 Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 43,562 4,315 251,852 23,113 27,428 Commercial mortgage backed - agency 1,663 145 33,625 1,352 1,497 Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency — — 164,307 7,979 7,979 Asset-backed 10,411 47 60,100 2,088 2,135 Other 6,291 1,209 1,673 326 1,535 $ 73,774 $ 6,022 $ 1,169,095 $ 144,457 $ 150,479 December 31, 2022 Less Than Twelve Months More Than Twelve Months Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Total Unrealized Losses Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 28,399 $ 1,131 $ 146,594 $ 22,030 $ 23,161 Obligations of states and municipalities 128,373 12,378 320,287 84,317 96,695 Residential mortgage backed - agency 7,258 26 41,975 4,810 4,836 Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 204,866 11,822 134,056 14,868 26,690 Commercial mortgage backed - agency 23,026 562 34,847 1,390 1,952 Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 144,193 6,171 23,374 2,249 8,420 Asset-backed 43,472 815 50,088 2,399 3,214 Other 6,877 623 1,766 234 857 $ 586,464 $ 33,528 $ 752,987 $ 132,297 $ 165,825 The Company is required to conduct an impairment evaluation on AFS securities to determine whether the Company has the intent to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery. If these situations apply, the guidance requires the Company to reduce the security's amortized cost basis down to its fair value through earnings. The Company also evaluates the unrealized losses on AFS securities to determine if a security's decline in fair value below its amortized cost basis is due to credit factors. The evaluation is based upon factors such as the creditworthiness of the underlying borrowers, performance of the underlying collateral, if applicable, and the level of credit support in the security structure. Management also evaluates other factors and circumstances that may be indicative of a decline in the fair value of the security due to a credit factor. This includes, but is not limited to, an evaluation of the type of security, length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost and near-term prospects of the issuer. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of the expected cash flows of the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost, an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis under the CECL standard, and declines due to non-credit factors are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), net of taxes. If a credit loss is recognized in earnings, subsequent improvements to the expectation of collectability will be recognized through the ACL. If the fair value of the security increases above its amortized cost, the unrealized gain will be recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes, in the consolidated statements of financial condition. Prior to implementation of the CECL standard, unrealized losses caused by a credit event would require the direct write-down of the AFS security through the other-than-temporary impairment approach. The Company did not record an ACL on the AFS securities at June 30, 2023. The Company considers the unrealized losses on the AFS securities to be related to fluctuations in market conditions, primarily interest rates, and not reflective of deterioration in credit. The Company had 402 securities in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2023. The Company has evaluated AFS securities in an unrealized loss position for credit related impairment at June 30, 2023, and concluded no impairment existed based on a combination of factors, which included: (1) the securities are of high credit quality, (2) unrealized losses are primarily the result of market volatility and increases in market interest rates, (3) the contractual terms of the investments do not permit the issuer(s) to settle the securities at a price less than the par value of each investment, (4) issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments, and (5) the Company does not intend to sell any of the investments and the accounting standard of “more likely than not” has not been met for the Company to be required to sell any of the investments before recovery of its amortized cost basis. As such, there was no ACL on AFS securities at June 30, 2023. Securities of U.S. Treasury and Federal Agencies and Federal Agency Mortgage (Residential and Commercial) Backed Securities At June 30, 2023, the unrealized losses associated with 12 U.S. Treasuries and Government Agency securities, 16 Residential Mortgage Backed – Agency securities, and 16 Commercial Mortgage Backed – Agency securities were generally driven by changes in interest rates and not due to credit losses given the explicit or implicit guarantees provided by the U.S. government. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023. Securities of U.S. States and Municipalities At June 30, 2023, the unrealized losses associated with 202 State and Municipal securities were primarily caused by changes in interest rates and not the credit quality of the securities. These securities are investment grade and were generally underwritten in accordance with our own investment standards prior to the decision to purchase, without relying on a bond insurer’s guarantee in making the investment decision. These securities will continue to be monitored as part of our ongoing impairment analysis but are expected to perform, even if the rating agencies reduce the credit rating of the bond insurers. As a result, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023. Residential & Commercial Mortgage Backed – Non-Agency Securities At June 30, 2023, the unrealized losses associated with 96 Residential Mortgage Backed – Non-Agency securities and 34 Commercial Mortgage Backed – Non-Agency securities were generally driven by changes in interest rates, credit spreads, and projected collateral losses. We assess for credit impairment by estimating the present value of expected cash flows. The key assumptions for determining expected cash flows include default rates, loss severities, and/or prepayment rates. Based on our assessment of the expected credit losses and the credit enhancement level of the securities, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost of these securities. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023. Asset-Backed Securities At June 30, 2023, the unrealized losses associated with 23 Asset-Backed securities were generally driven by changes in interest rates, credit spreads, and projected collateral losses. We assess for credit impairment by estimating the present value of expected cash flows. The key assumptions for determining expected cash flows include default rates, loss severities, and/or prepayment rates. Based on our assessment of the expected credit losses and the credit enhancement level of the securities, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost of these securities. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023. Other Securities At June 30, 2023, the unrealized losses associated with 3 securities were primarily driven by interest rates and not the credit quality of the securities. These investments were underwritten in accordance with our own investment standards prior to the decision to purchase, without relying on a bond insurer’s guarantee in making the investment decision. Based on our assessment of the expected credit losses, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the securities. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023. Restricted stock, at cost The Company’s investment in Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock totaled $3.9 million and $16.4 million at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. FHLB stock is generally viewed as a long-term investment and as a restricted investment security, which is carried at cost, because there is no market for the stock other than the FHLB or member institutions. Therefore, when evaluating FHLB stock for impairment, its value is based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. The Company does not consider this investment to be impaired at June 30, 2023, and no impairment has been recognized. FHLB stock is included in a separate line item Restricted stock, at cost on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and is not part of the Company’s AFS securities portfolio. The Company’s Restricted stock line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets also includes an investment in Community Bankers’ Bank, totaling $50 thousand at both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, which is carried at cost and is not impaired at June 30, 2023. | Securities The carrying amount of securities and their approximate fair values at December 31, 2022 and 2021, are summarized as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2022 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 198,154 $ — $ 23,161 $ 174,993 Obligations of states and municipalities 550,590 12 96,695 453,907 Residential mortgage backed — agency 57,883 14 4,836 53,061 Residential mortgage backed — non-agency 365,983 2 26,690 339,295 Commercial mortgage backed — agency 61,810 75 1,952 59,933 Commercial mortgage backed — non-agency 191,709 10 8,420 183,299 Asset-backed 101,791 49 3,214 98,626 Other 9,500 — 857 8,643 $ 1,537,420 $ 162 $ 165,825 $ 1,371,757 December 31, 2021 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 185,085 $ 98 $ 742 $ 184,441 Obligations of states and municipalities 651,000 20,285 5,718 665,567 Residential mortgage backed — agency 63,568 372 1,153 62,787 Residential mortgage backed — non-agency 245,794 863 2,349 244,308 Commercial mortgage backed — agency 78,830 411 358 78,883 Commercial mortgage backed — non-agency 170,048 2,492 336 172,204 Asset-backed 192,930 3,127 532 195,525 Other 2,000 — 34 1,966 $ 1,589,255 $ 27,648 $ 11,222 $ 1,605,681 At December 31, 2022 and 2021, securities with amortized costs of $637.1 million and $498.1 million, respectively, and with estimated fair values of $552.5 million and $518.6 million, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits and for other purposes required or permitted by law. The gross realized gains, realized losses, and proceeds from the sales of securities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands): 2022 2021 2020 Gross realized gains $ 1,512 $ — $ 1,957 Gross realized losses (1,966) (4) (13) Proceeds from sales of securities 195,907 700 49,233 The tax benefit (provision) related to these net realized gains and losses for 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $95.3 thousand, $0.8 thousand, and $(408.2) thousand, respectively. The maturities of securities available-for-sale at December 31, 2022, were as follows (in thousands): (Expected maturities of securities not due at a single maturity date are based on average life at estimated prepayment speed. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay some obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties). December 31, 2022 Amortized Cost One Year or Less One to Five Years Five to Ten Years After Ten Years Total Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ — $ 39,854 $ 158,300 $ — $ 198,154 Obligations of states and municipalities 5,235 1,563 277,320 266,472 550,590 Residential mortgage backed - agency 42 34,100 23,741 — 57,883 Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 28,203 265,190 68,172 4,418 365,983 Commercial mortgage backed - agency 415 56,622 4,773 — 61,810 Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 32,979 153,572 5,158 — 191,709 Asset-backed 3,255 33,495 65,041 — 101,791 Other — — 9,500 — 9,500 $ 70,129 $ 584,396 $ 612,005 $ 270,890 $ 1,537,420 December 31, 2022 Fair Value One Year or Less One to Five Years Five to Ten Years After Ten Years Total Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ — $ 37,439 $ 137,554 $ — $ 174,993 Obligations of states and municipalities 5,246 1,529 240,753 206,379 453,907 Residential mortgage backed - agency 42 33,128 19,891 — 53,061 Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 27,182 247,662 60,448 4,003 339,295 Commercial mortgage backed - agency 414 54,960 4,559 — 59,933 Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 32,400 146,812 4,087 — 183,299 Asset-backed 3,165 32,592 62,869 — 98,626 Other — — 8,643 — 8,643 $ 68,449 $ 554,122 $ 538,804 $ 210,382 $ 1,371,757 At year-end 2022 and 2021, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than U.S. Government and its agencies, in any amount greater than 10% of shareholders’ equity. The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s securities with unrealized losses that are not deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2022 and 2021. Available-for-sale securities in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and more than twelve months are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2022 Less Than Twelve Months More Than Twelve Months Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Total Unrealized Losses Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 28,399 $ 1,131 $ 146,594 $ 22,030 $ 23,161 Obligations of states and municipalities 128,373 12,378 320,287 84,317 96,695 Residential mortgage backed - agency 7,258 26 41,975 4,810 4,836 Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 204,866 11,822 134,056 14,868 26,690 Commercial mortgage backed - agency 23,026 562 34,847 1,390 1,952 Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 144,193 6,171 23,374 2,249 8,420 Asset-backed 43,472 815 50,088 2,399 3,214 Other 6,877 623 1,766 234 857 $ 586,464 $ 33,528 $ 752,987 $ 132,297 $ 165,825 December 31, 2021 Less Than Twelve Months More Than Twelve Months Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Total Unrealized Losses Securities Available-for-Sale U.S. Treasuries and government agencies $ 134,379 $ 392 $ 10,082 $ 350 $ 742 Obligations of states and municipalities 218,099 4,938 14,521 780 5,718 Residential mortgage backed - agency 48,167 1,153 — — 1,153 Residential mortgage backed - non-agency 149,640 1,624 31,024 725 2,349 Commercial mortgage backed - agency 33,703 274 6,456 84 358 Commercial mortgage backed - non-agency 36,307 321 4,137 15 336 Asset-backed 50,005 402 17,372 130 532 Other 1,966 34 — — 34 $ 672,266 $ 9,138 $ 83,592 $ 2,084 $ 11,222 The Company determines whether unrealized losses are temporary in nature in accordance with U.S. GAAP and the evaluation is based upon factors such as the creditworthiness of the underlying borrowers, performance of the underlying collateral, if applicable, and the level of credit support in the security structure. The Company also evaluates other factors and circumstances that may be indicative of an OTTI condition. This evaluation includes, but is not limited to, an evaluation of the type of security, length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, and near-term prospects of the issuer. FASB ASC 320-10 requires the Company to assess if OTTI exists by considering whether the Company has the intent to sell the security or, more likely than not, will be required to sell the security before recovery. If either of these situations applies, the guidance requires the Company to record an OTTI charge to earnings on debt securities for the difference between the amortized cost basis and the fair value of the security. If neither of these situations applies, the Company will assess whether it is expected to recover the entire amortized costs basis of the security. If the Company is not expected to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security, we will bifurcate the identified OTTI into a credit loss component and a component representing loss related to other factors. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had no cumulative OTTI. There were no OTTI charges in earnings as a result of credit losses on investments in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Securities of U.S. Treasury and Federal Agencies and Federal Agency Mortgage (Residential and Commercial) Backed Securities At December 31, 2022, the unrealized losses associated with 12 U.S. Treasuries and Government Agency securities, 19 Residential Mortgage Backed – Agency securities, and 31 Commercial Mortgage Backed – Agency securities were generally driven by changes in interest rates and not due to credit losses given the explicit or implicit guarantees provided by the U.S. government. Securities of U.S. States and Municipalities At December 31, 2022, the unrealized losses associated with 230 State and Municipal securities were primarily caused by changes in interest rates and not the credit quality of the securities. These investments are investment grade and were generally underwritten in accordance with our own investment standards prior to the decision to purchase, without relying on a bond insurer’s guarantee in making the investment decision. These securities will continue to be monitored as part of our ongoing impairment analysis but are expected to perform, even if the rating agencies reduce the credit rating of the bond insurers. As a result, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities. Residential & Commercial Mortgage Backed – Non-Agency Securities At December 31, 2022, the unrealized losses associated with 109 Residential Mortgage Backed – Non-Agency securities and 36 Commercial Mortgage Backed – Non-Agency securities were generally driven by changes in interest rates, credit spreads, and projected collateral losses. We assess for credit impairment by estimating the present value of expected cash flows. The key assumptions for determining expected cash flows include default rates, loss severities, and/or prepayment rates. Based on our assessment of the expected credit losses and the credit enhancement level of the securities, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost of these securities. Asset-Backed Securities At December 31, 2022, the unrealized losses associated with 28 Asset-Backed securities were generally driven by changes in interest rates, credit spreads, and projected collateral losses. We assess for credit impairment by estimating the present value of expected cash flows. The key assumptions for determining expected cash flows include default rates, loss severities, and/or prepayment rates. Based on our assessment of the expected credit losses and the credit enhancement level of the securities, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost of these securities. Other Securities At December 31, 2022, the unrealized losses associated with 3 securities were primarily driven by interest rates and not the credit quality of the securities. These investments are underwritten in accordance with our own investment standards prior to the decision to purchase, without relying on a bond insurer’s guarantee in making the investment decision. Based on our assessment of the expected credit losses, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the securities. Restricted stock, at cost The Company’s investment in FHLB stock totaled $16.4 million and $12.0 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. FHLB stock is generally viewed as a long-term investment and as a restricted investment security, which is carried at cost, because there is no market for the stock other than the FHLB or member institutions. Therefore, when evaluating FHLB stock for impairment, its value is based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. The Company does not consider this investment to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2022, and no impairment has been recognized. FHLB stock is included in a separate line item (Restricted stock, at cost) and is not part of the Company’s investment securities portfolio. The Company’s restricted securities also include an investment in Community Bankers’ Bank, totaling $50 thousand at both December 31, 2022 and 2021, which is carried at cost. |