Allowance for Credit Losses | Allowance for Credit Losses On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the CECL methodology as required under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables. All information presented as of March 31, 2024, is in accordance with ASC 326. The Company’s ACL is calculated quarterly, with any adjustment recorded to the provision for credit losses in the Consolidated Statement of Income. Management calculates the quantitative portion of collectively evaluated loans for all loan categories using the weighted average remaining maturity (“WARM”) method. For purposes of estimating the Company’s ACL, management generally evaluates collectively evaluated loans by federal call code in order to group loans with similar risk characteristics. Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual loan basis and are excluded from the collective evaluation for the ACL. Loans identified to be individually evaluated under CECL include loans on non-accrual status and may include accruing loans that do not share similar risk characteristics to other accruing loans that are collectively evaluated on a loan pool basis. A specific reserve analysis may be applied to the individually evaluated loans, which considers collateral value, an observable market price, or the present value of the expected future cash flows. A specific reserve is assigned if the measured value of the loan using one of the before mentioned methods is less than the carrying value of the loan. Based on management’s analysis, adjustments may be applied for additional factors impacting the risk of loss in the loan portfolio beyond the information that is used to calculate a reasonable and supportable forecast and a reversion period forecast on collectively evaluated loans. Management may consider an additional or reduced reserve as warranted through qualitative risk factors based on the current and expected conditions, as measured in supplemental information relative to the macroeconomic variable loss drivers used to calculate a reasonable and supportable forecast and a reversion period forecast. These qualitative risk factors considered by management are largely comparable to legacy factors prior to the adoption of CECL. The following tables present the activity in the ACL, including the impact of the adoption of CECL, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands). Commercial real estate Owner-occupied commercial real estate Acquisition, construction & development Commercial & industrial Single family residential (1-4 units) Consumer non-real estate and other Unallocated Total Three months ended March 31, 2024 Balance, beginning of period $ 20,633 $ 783 $ 368 $ 645 $ 2,797 $ 75 $ — $ 25,301 Provision for (recapture of) credit losses (1,659) (1) 306 179 474 31 — (670) Charge-offs — — — — — (30) — (30) Recoveries 3 — — — 1 1 — 5 Balance, end of period $ 18,977 $ 782 $ 674 $ 824 $ 3,272 $ 77 $ — $ 24,606 March 31, 2023 Balance, beginning of period $ 15,477 $ 635 $ 2,082 $ 438 $ 2,379 $ 28 $ — $ 21,039 Impact of the adoption of CECL 2,686 (6) (640) 237 1,661 187 — 4,125 Provision for (recapture of) loan losses 218 (73) 410 25 (13) (44) — 523 Charge-offs — — — — — (17) — (17) Recoveries 28 — — — 3 3 — 34 Balance, end of period $ 18,409 $ 556 $ 1,852 $ 700 $ 4,030 $ 157 $ — $ 25,704 The recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable and loan origination fees, net due to immateriality. The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, by portfolio segment (in thousands): March 31, 2024 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Current Loans Total Loans 90 Days Past Due & Still Accruing Non-accrual loans Commercial real estate $ — $ — $ 22,094 $ 22,094 $ 1,283,058 $ 1,305,152 $ 22,094 $ — Owner-occupied commercial real estate 134 — 635 769 130,385 131,154 — 1,287 Acquisition, construction & development — — — — 72,022 72,022 — — Commercial & industrial 90 — 339 429 82,345 82,774 339 — Single family residential (1-4 units) 3,341 — 27 3,368 521,436 524,804 — 3,028 Consumer non-real estate and other 24 — — 24 2,225 2,249 — — Total $ 3,589 $ — $ 23,095 $ 26,684 $ 2,091,471 $ 2,118,155 $ 22,433 $ 4,315 December 31, 2023 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Current Loans Total Loans 90 Days Past Due & Still Accruing Non-accrual loans Commercial real estate $ 10,496 $ — $ — $ 10,496 $ 1,298,588 $ 1,309,084 $ — $ — Owner-occupied commercial real estate — — 790 790 130,591 131,381 — 1,000 Acquisition, construction & development — — — — 49,091 49,091 — — Commercial & industrial 195 364 — 559 67,288 67,847 — — Single family residential (1-4 units) 1,657 289 1,532 3,478 524,502 527,980 — 2,744 Consumer non-real estate and other 3 — — 3 2,370 2,373 — — Total $ 12,351 $ 653 $ 2,322 $ 15,326 $ 2,072,430 $ 2,087,756 $ — $ 3,744 The amount of interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans during the periods presented is immaterial. Credit Quality Indicators The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, current economic information, and other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans by credit risk. The Company internally grades all commercial loans at the time of origination. In addition, the Company performs an annual review on the top twenty-five non-homogenous commercial loan relationships as measured by total Company exposure to each borrower. The Company uses the following definitions for credit risk classifications: Pass : These include satisfactory loans that have acceptable levels of risk. Special Mention : Loans classified as special mention have a potential credit weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. Substandard : Loans classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by sound net worth, payment capacity of the borrower, or of the collateral pledged. If weaknesses go uncorrected, there is potential for partial loss of principal and/or interest. Doubtful : Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and unlikely. Loss : Loans classified as a loss are considered to be uncollectible and cannot be justified to continue as viable assets. While there may be the possibility of some recovery in the future, it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off these loans at the present time. The Company has a portfolio of smaller homogenous loans that are not individually risk rated that are included within the single family residential and consumer non-real estate and other loan classes. Generally, these loan classes are rated as “Pass” unless these loans are on non-accrual and are then classified as substandard. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of the loan portfolio, by year of origination, loan class, and credit quality, as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 (in thousands): March 31, 2024 Term Loans 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Total Commercial real estate Pass $ 39,603 $ 189,776 $ 257,828 $ 149,843 $ 22,496 $ 490,273 $ 37,907 $ 1,187,726 Special Mention — — 12,235 35,586 — — — 47,821 Substandard — — 15,360 2,351 — 51,894 — 69,605 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total $ 39,603 $ 189,776 $ 285,423 $ 187,780 $ 22,496 $ 542,167 $ 37,907 $ 1,305,152 Year to date gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Owner-occupied commercial real estate Pass $ 1,999 $ 9,260 $ 31,907 $ 11,035 $ 13,551 $ 51,867 $ 8,384 $ 128,003 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 529 — — 2,298 — 2,827 Doubtful — — — — — 324 — 324 Loss — — — — — — — — Total $ 1,999 $ 9,260 $ 32,436 $ 11,035 $ 13,551 $ 54,489 $ 8,384 $ 131,154 Year to date gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Acquisition, construction & development Pass $ 2,030 $ 20,603 $ 31,779 $ 3,490 $ — $ 929 $ 11,925 $ 70,756 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 1,266 — 1,266 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total $ 2,030 $ 20,603 $ 31,779 $ 3,490 $ — $ 2,195 $ 11,925 $ 72,022 Year to date gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial & industrial Pass $ 2,275 $ 23,424 $ 13,949 $ 2,499 $ 114 $ 1,218 $ 38,792 $ 82,271 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 503 — — — 503 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total $ 2,275 $ 23,424 $ 13,949 $ 3,002 $ 114 $ 1,218 $ 38,792 $ 82,774 Year to date gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Single family residential (1-4 units) Pass $ 5,561 $ 77,408 $ 120,119 $ 59,440 $ 31,929 $ 172,416 $ 54,903 $ 521,776 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 289 238 2,501 — 3,028 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total $ 5,561 $ 77,408 $ 120,119 $ 59,729 $ 32,167 $ 174,917 $ 54,903 $ 524,804 Year to date gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Consumer non-real estate and other Pass $ 137 $ 199 $ 135 $ 34 $ 117 $ 683 $ 944 $ 2,249 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total $ 137 $ 199 $ 135 $ 34 $ 117 $ 683 $ 944 $ 2,249 Year to date gross charge-offs $ 30 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 30 December 31, 2023 Term Loans 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Total Commercial real estate Pass $ 195,857 $ 261,817 $ 166,253 $ 22,791 $ 75,170 $ 416,774 $ 36,761 $ 1,175,423 Special Mention — 12,235 35,449 — 4,876 — — 52,560 Substandard — 15,420 12,847 — 2,209 50,625 — 81,101 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total $ 195,857 $ 289,472 $ 214,549 $ 22,791 $ 82,255 $ 467,399 $ 36,761 $ 1,309,084 Year to date gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Owner-occupied commercial real estate Pass $ 9,309 $ 31,725 $ 11,229 $ 14,103 $ 10,279 $ 43,616 $ 6,184 $ 126,445 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — 532 — — — 4,404 — 4,936 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total $ 9,309 $ 32,257 $ 11,229 $ 14,103 $ 10,279 $ 48,020 $ 6,184 $ 131,381 Year to date gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Acquisition, construction & development Pass $ 8,535 $ 24,286 $ 13,698 $ — $ 728 $ 241 $ 1,603 $ 49,091 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total $ 8,535 $ 24,286 $ 13,698 $ — $ 728 $ 241 $ 1,603 $ 49,091 Year to date gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial & industrial Pass $ 29,111 $ 15,204 $ 4,344 $ 162 $ 15 $ 1,335 $ 16,854 $ 67,025 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 822 — — — — 822 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total $ 29,111 $ 15,204 $ 5,166 $ 162 $ 15 $ 1,335 $ 16,854 $ 67,847 Year to date gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ 29 $ — $ — $ — $ 29 Single family residential (1-4 units) Pass $ 78,222 $ 122,067 $ 60,202 $ 32,158 $ 40,938 $ 137,376 $ 54,273 $ 525,236 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 291 243 — 2,171 39 2,744 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total $ 78,222 $ 122,067 $ 60,493 $ 32,401 $ 40,938 $ 139,547 $ 54,312 $ 527,980 Year to date gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Consumer non-real estate and other Pass $ 334 $ 150 $ 43 $ 151 $ 386 $ 325 $ 984 $ 2,373 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total $ 334 $ 150 $ 43 $ 151 $ 386 $ 325 $ 984 $ 2,373 Year to date gross charge-offs $ — $ 165 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 165 Totals $ 321,368 $ 483,436 $ 305,178 $ 69,608 $ 134,601 $ 656,867 $ 116,698 $ 2,087,756 The following tables present information about collateral-dependent loans that were individually evaluated for purposes of determining the ACL as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 (in thousands): March 31, 2024 With Allowance With No Related Allowance Total Amortized Cost Related Allowance Amortized Cost Amortized Cost Related Allowance March 31, 2024 Commercial real estate $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Owner-occupied commercial real estate 324 247 963 1,287 247 Acquisition, construction & development — — — — — Commercial & industrial — — — — — Single family residential (1-4 units) 289 18 2,739 3,028 18 Consumer non-real estate and other — — — — — Total $ 613 $ 265 $ 3,702 $ 4,315 $ 265 December 31, 2023 With Allowance With No Related Allowance Total Amortized Cost Related Allowance Amortized Cost Amortized Cost Related Allowance December 31, 2023 Commercial real estate $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Owner-occupied commercial real estate — — 1,000 1,000 — Acquisition, construction & development — — — — — Commercial & industrial — — — — — Single family residential (1-4 units) — — 2,744 2,744 — Consumer non-real estate and other — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ 3,744 $ 3,744 $ — On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02 on a modified retrospective basis. ASU 2022-02 eliminates the troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) accounting model and requires that the Company evaluate, based on the accounting for loan modifications, whether the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, and the modification results in a more-than-insignificant direct change in the contractual cash flows and represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. This change required all loan modifications to be accounted for under the general loan modification guidance in ASC 310-20, Receivables — Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs, and subjects entities to new disclosure requirements on loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. |