UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
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☒ | | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 |
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☐ | | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO |
Commission file number 000-56577
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STARWOOD CREDIT REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST
(Exact name of Registrant as specified its Charter)
2340 Collins Avenue
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Maryland (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | Miami Beach, FL 33139 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) | 93-6487687 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
(305) 695-5500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
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Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☒ |
| | Emerging growth company | ☒ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No
As of November 12, 2024, the issuer had the following shares outstanding: 4,907,451 shares of Class S common shares, 1,662,899 shares of Class E common shares, and 3,515,186 shares of Class I common shares. There are no outstanding shares of Class T common shares or Class D common shares.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | | 2 |
| Item 1. Financial Statements | | 2 |
| Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited): | | |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | | 2 |
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and for the Period from July 14, 2023 (date of initial capitalization) through September 30, 2023 | | 3 |
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Redeemable Common Shares and Shareholders' Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and for the Period from July 14, 2023 (date of initial capitalization) through September 30, 2023 | | 4 |
| Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and for the Period from July 14, 2023 (date of initial capitalization) through September 30, 2023 | | 5 |
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | | 6 |
| Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | | 21 |
| Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | | 32 |
| Item 4. Controls and Procedures | | 34 |
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | | 35 |
| Item 1. Legal Proceedings | | 35 |
| Item 1A. Risk Factors | | 35 |
| Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | | 35 |
| Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | | 36 |
| Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure | | 36 |
| Item 5. Other Information | | 36 |
| Item 6. Exhibits and Financial Statements | | 37 |
SIGNATURES | | 38 |
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except for share and per share data)
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| | As of September 30, 2024 | | | As of December 31, 2023 | |
ASSETS | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 2,784 | | | $ | 777 | |
Loans receivable, at fair value | | | 805,444 | | | | 158,288 | |
Accrued interest receivable | | | 4,063 | | | | 214 | |
Total assets | | $ | 812,291 | | | $ | 159,279 | |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | | | | | | |
Loans payable, at fair value | | $ | 614,002 | | | $ | 120,196 | |
Derivative instrument liabilities, at fair value | | | 2,102 | | | | - | |
Due to advisor | | | 6,062 | | | | 4,075 | |
Accrued shareholder servicing fees | | | 6,872 | | | | 422 | |
Interest payable | | | 2,535 | | | | 305 | |
Distribution payable | | | 1,174 | | | | 246 | |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | | | 366 | | | | 140 | |
Total liabilities | | | 633,113 | | | | 125,384 | |
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Commitments and contingencies (Note 6) | | | - | | | | - | |
Redeemable common shares - Class E shares, par value $0.01 per share; 1,635,243 and 1,603,050 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | | | 33,389 | | | | 32,199 | |
Equity | | | | | | |
Common shares - Class S shares, par value $0.01 per share; 4,644,692 and 259,750 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | | | 47 | | | | 3 | |
Common shares - Class I shares, par value $0.01 per share; 3,309,625 and 67,050 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | | | 33 | | | | 1 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 149,087 | | | | 3,683 | |
Accumulated earnings (deficit) and cumulative distributions | | | (3,378 | ) | | | (1,991 | ) |
Total shareholders' equity | | | 145,789 | | | | 1,696 | |
Total liabilities, redeemable common shares, and equity | | $ | 812,291 | | | $ | 159,279 | |
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except for share and per share data)
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| | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 | | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 | | For the Period from July 14, 2023 (date of initial capitalization) through September 30, 2023 | |
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Revenues | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | $ | 12,629 | | $ | 25,528 | | $ | - | |
Other revenue | | | 3,392 | | | 6,492 | | | - | |
Total Revenues | | | 16,021 | | | 32,020 | | | - | |
Expenses | | | | | | | |
Interest expense | | | 7,824 | | | 15,184 | | | - | |
Financing fees | | | 928 | | | 4,213 | | | - | |
Professional fees | | | 716 | | | 2,085 | | | - | |
Management fees | | | 478 | | | 889 | | | - | |
General and administrative | | | 86 | | | 216 | | | - | |
Performance fees | | | 560 | | | 688 | | | - | |
Total Expenses | | | 10,592 | | | 23,275 | | | - | |
Gains (losses) from operations and financing | | | | | | | |
Unrealized loss on loans receivable | | | (2,673 | ) | | (5,242 | ) | | - | |
Unrealized gain on loans payable | | | 132 | | | 1,864 | | | - | |
Unrealized loss on derivative instruments, net | | | (1,628 | ) | | (2,102 | ) | | - | |
Gain on foreign currency translation | | | 2,144 | | | 2,708 | | | - | |
Total loss from operations and financing, net | | | (2,025 | ) | | (2,772 | ) | | - | |
Net income | | $ | 3,404 | | $ | 5,973 | | $ | - | |
Net income per common share, basic | | $ | 0.37 | | $ | 0.89 | | $ | - | |
Net income per common share, diluted | | $ | 0.37 | | $ | 0.89 | | $ | - | |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic | | | 9,168,764 | | | 6,714,773 | | | 50 | |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted | | | 9,170,895 | | | 6,716,161 | | | 50 | |
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Redeemable Common Shares and Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited)
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and For the Period from July 14, 2023 (date of initial capitalization) through September 30, 2023
(in thousands)
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| | Redeemable Common Shares | | | | Common Shares Class S | | | Common Shares Class I | | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | | Accumulated Earnings (Deficit) and Cumulative Distributions | | | Total Shareholders' Equity | |
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Balance at June 30, 2024 | | $ | 33,137 | | | | $ | 39 | | | $ | 28 | | | $ | 122,635 | | | $ | (3,418 | ) | | $ | 119,284 | |
Common shares issued | | | 7 | | | | | 8 | | | | 5 | | | | 28,140 | | | | — | | | | 28,153 | |
Offering costs | | | — | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,458 | ) | | | — | | | | (1,458 | ) |
Amortization of share grants | | | 15 | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | - | |
Net income | | | — | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,404 | | | | 3,404 | |
Remeasurement of redeemable common shares | | | 230 | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (230 | ) | | | — | | | | (230 | ) |
Distributions declared on common shares | | | — | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3,364 | ) | | | (3,364 | ) |
Balance at September 30, 2024 | | $ | 33,389 | | | | $ | 47 | | | $ | 33 | | | $ | 149,087 | | | $ | (3,378 | ) | | $ | 145,789 | |
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| | Redeemable Common Shares | | | | Common Shares Class S | | | Common Shares Class I | | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | | Accumulated Earnings (Deficit) and Cumulative Distributions | | | Total Shareholders' Equity | |
Balance at December 31, 2023 | | $ | 32,199 | | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 3,683 | | | $ | (1,991 | ) | | $ | 1,696 | |
Common shares issued | | | 647 | | | | | 44 | | | | 32 | | | | 153,628 | | | | — | | | | 153,704 | |
Offering costs | | | — | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (7,726 | ) | | | — | | | | (7,726 | ) |
Amortization of share grants | | | 45 | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | - | |
Net income | | | — | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,973 | | | | 5,973 | |
Remeasurement of redeemable common shares | | | 498 | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (498 | ) | | | — | | | | (498 | ) |
Distributions declared on common shares | | | — | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (7,360 | ) | | | (7,360 | ) |
Balance at September 30, 2024 | | $ | 33,389 | | | | $ | 47 | | | $ | 33 | | | $ | 149,087 | | | $ | (3,378 | ) | | $ | 145,789 | |
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| | Redeemable Common Shares | | | | Common Shares Class S | | | Common Shares Class I | | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | | Accumulated Earnings (Deficit) and Cumulative Distributions | | | Total Shareholders' Equity | |
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Balance at July 14, 2023 (date of initial capitalization) | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Common shares issued | | | 1 | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1 | |
Offering costs | | | — | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | - | |
Amortization of share grants | | | — | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | - | |
Net income | | | — | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | - | |
Remeasurement of redeemable common shares | | | — | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | - | |
Distributions declared on common shares | | | — | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | - | | | | - | |
Balance at September 30, 2023 | | $ | 1 | | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | 1 | |
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(in thousands)
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| | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 | | For the Period from July 14, 2023 (date of initial capitalization) through September 30, 2023 | |
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CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 5,973 | | $ | - | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities | | | | | |
Unrealized gain on loans payable | | | (1,864 | ) | | - | |
Unrealized loss on loans receivable | | | 5,242 | | | - | |
Unrealized loss on derivative instruments, net | | | 2,102 | | | |
Gain on foreign currency translation | | | (2,708 | ) | | - | |
Financing fees | | | 4,213 | | | - | |
Amortization of share grants | | | 45 | | | - | |
Change in assets and liabilities | | | | | |
Increase in due to advisor | | | 1,613 | | | - | |
Increase in accrued interest receivable | | | (3,849 | ) | | - | |
Increase in other liabilities | | | 2,458 | | | - | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 13,225 | | | - | |
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CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | | | | | |
Loan origination and funding activities | | | (639,537 | ) | | - | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (639,537 | ) | | - | |
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CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | | | | | |
Borrowings under loans payable | | | 627,508 | | | - | |
Financing fees | | | (4,213 | ) | | - | |
Repayments of loans payable | | | (142,250 | ) | | - | |
Contributions received from common shares issued | | | 154,351 | | | 1 | |
Offering costs | | | (904 | ) | | - | |
Distributions | | | (6,432 | ) | | - | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 628,060 | | | 1 | |
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Effect of exchange rate changes on cash balances | | | 259 | | | — | |
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Net change in cash and cash equivalents | | | 2,007 | | | 1 | |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | | | 777 | | | - | |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | | $ | 2,784 | | $ | 1 | |
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Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | | | | | |
Cash paid for interest | | $ | 12,290 | | $ | - | |
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Non-cash activities: | | | | | |
Accrued shareholder servicing fees due to affiliate | | $ | 6,783 | | $ | - | |
Accrued offering costs due to affiliate | | | 39 | | | - | |
Distributions payable | | | 928 | | | - | |
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See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
1. Organization and Business Purpose
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust (the “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us”) was formed on June 28, 2023, as a Maryland statutory trust and qualifies as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Company was organized to originate, acquire, finance and manage a portfolio of primarily commercial real estate (“CRE”) debt investments, focused on senior secured, floating-rate CRE loans diversified across both geography and asset class. The Company’s CRE loans are expected to be primarily secured by properties located in U.S., European and Australian markets and include multifamily, industrial and select other CRE asset classes, such as student housing, self-storage, life science and data center assets. To a lesser extent, the Company also may invest in (1) other real asset lending strategies, including infrastructure loans and (2) other real estate-related debt and equity securities, including commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized loan obligations. The Company is externally managed by Starwood Credit Advisors, L.L.C. (the “Advisor”), an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Starwood Capital Group Holdings L.P. (“Starwood Holdings” and together with any entity that is controlled by, controls or is under common control with Starwood Capital Group Holdings L.P., “Starwood Capital” or the “Sponsor”).
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Management believes it has made all necessary adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring items, so that the condensed consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and that estimates made in preparing its condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC.
Fair Value Option
The Company has elected the fair value option for certain eligible financial assets and liabilities including CRE loans, infrastructure loans, real estate securities and liabilities associated with borrowing facilities. These financial assets and liabilities for which the Company has elected the fair value option are recorded in Loans receivable, at fair value and Loans payable, at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair value elections were made to create a more direct alignment between the Company’s financial reporting and the calculation of net asset values per share used to determine the prices at which investors can purchase and redeem shares of the Company’s common shares (including redeemable common shares) of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share (“common shares”).
The decision to elect the fair value option is determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis and must be applied to an entire instrument and is irrevocable once elected. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value pursuant to this guidance are required to be reported separately on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet from those instruments using another accounting method.
The Company’s fair value option elections will be made in accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 825, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”) that allows entities to make an irrevocable election of fair value as the initial and subsequent measurement attribute for certain eligible financial assets and liabilities. In the cases of loans and securities investments for which the fair value option is elected, loan origination fees and costs related to the origination or acquisition of the instrument should be immediately recognized in earnings on the condensed consolidated statements of operations within Other revenue. In the cases of debt facilities for which the fair value option is elected, financing fees related to the debt should be immediately recognized as an expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations within Financing fees. Unrealized gains and losses on assets and liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected are also reported in earnings without deferral. This is because under the fair value option, a lender reports the instrument at its exit price (i.e., the price that would be received to sell the instrument in an orderly transaction), which reflects the market’s assessment of the instrument’s cash flows and risks and does not include any entity-specific costs or fees.
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Income Taxes
The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, commencing with its taxable year ending December 31, 2023. Since the Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT, the Company generally is not subject to federal corporate income tax to the extent it distributes 90% of its taxable income to its shareholders. REITs are subject to a number of other organizational and operational requirements. Even though the Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT, it may be subject to certain state and local taxes on its income and property, and federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed income.
Share-based Payments
The Company recognizes the cost of share-based compensation and payment transactions in the financial statements using the same expense category as would be charged for payments in cash. The fair value of the awards granted to the Company’s independent trustees is recorded to expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period for the entire award, with an offsetting increase in shareholders’ equity. For grants to trustees, the fair value is determined based upon the NAV on the grant date. On December 1, 2023, the Company granted 3,002 restricted Class E shares to its independent trustees with a fair value of $60,040, based on the NAV per share as of December 1, 2023, that vest one year from the date of grant. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized compensation expenses of $15,010 and $45,030, respectively. None of the shares granted to the trustees have vested as of September 30, 2024.
The Performance Fee (as defined below) may be paid, at the Advisor’s election, in cash, Class I shares or Class E shares, or any combination thereof. During the three and nine month periods ending September 30, 2024, the Advisor earned $0.6 million and $0.7 million of performance fees, respectively. The Advisor elected to receive all Performance Fee compensation in the form of 27,448 and 33,790 Class E shares for fees incurred during the three and nine month periods ending September 30, 2024, respectively, which were issued to the Advisor in April and October 2024. The Class E shares issued to the Advisor as payment for Performance Fees due are recorded as an increase to shareholders’ equity with an offsetting decrease to performance fees payable (Due to Advisor) on the date of the delivery of the shares. As discussed in Note 8 – “Redeemable Common Shares”, the Class E shares are classified in temporary equity and presented as Redeemable common shares on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at values adjusted to equal what the redemption amount would be as if redemption were to occur at the relevant reporting date. No Performance Fee was earned by the Advisor for the period ended December 31, 2023.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash investments, single asset commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), loan investments and interest receivable. The Company may place cash investments in excess of insured amounts with high quality financial institutions. The Company performs ongoing analysis of credit risk concentrations in its investment portfolio by evaluating exposure to various markets, underlying property types, term, tenant mix and other credit metrics. As of September 30, 2024, the Company's assets included multiple CRE loans and an investment in a loan participation denominated in Pound Sterling (“GBP”). Refer to Note 3- “Investment in Loans Receivable” for additional information.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedge Activities
The Company enters into derivative financial instruments, specifically foreign currency forward contracts, to mitigate exposure from certain foreign currency risk. The Company accounts for derivative financial instruments in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). This guidance establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative financial instruments and requires all derivatives to be recognized as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and to be measured at fair value. Unrealized derivative gain positions are recorded as derivative assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, and unrealized derivative loss positions are recorded as derivative liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
No derivatives were designated as formal hedging relationships, but rather are considered economic hedges. For derivatives not designated as hedges, adjustments to reflect changes in the fair value of the derivatives are included in earnings in Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company classifies cash flows related to the non-designated derivatives in either operating or investing activities on the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows depending on the nature of the cash flow activity.
See Note 7- “Derivatives and Hedging Activity”, for further details.
Foreign Currency
The Company’s functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars using foreign currency exchange rates at the end of the reporting period. Income and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates for each reporting period. Gains and losses from translation of foreign currency denominated transactions into U.S. dollars are included in current results of operations. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are also included in current results of operations. The effects of translating the assets, liabilities and income of the Company’s foreign investments held by entities with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar are included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Aggregate foreign currency transaction gains included in operations totaled $2.1 million and $2.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. These amounts are recorded as a component of Gains (losses) from operations and financing in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
On November 27, 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This ASU is effective for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2024 and interim quarters beginning in 2025, with early adoption permitted. It must be retrospectively applied to all prior periods presented. We do not expect this ASU will have a material impact on the Company.
On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which improves income tax disclosures by primarily requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. This ASU is effective for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2025, with early adoption permitted. It is to be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted. We do not expect this ASU will have a material impact on the Company’s income tax disclosures.
3. Investment in Loans Receivable
As of September 30, 2024, the Company's held for investment loan portfolio was as follows (amounts in thousands):
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Description | | Location | | Origination Date | | Weighted Average Interest Rate(1) | | | Loan Amount(2) | | | Principal Balance Outstanding | | | Fair Value | | | Payment Terms | | Maximum Maturity Date(3) | | |
Industrial | | Nashville, TN & Atlanta, GA | | 9/12/2024 | | | 7.95 | % | | $ | 188,326 | | | $ | 181,178 | | | $ | 179,303 | | | Monthly; I/O | | 10/29/2029 | | |
Multifamily | | Berkeley, CA | | 8/7/2024 | | | 7.95 | % | | | 88,000 | | | | 88,000 | | | | 87,404 | | | Monthly; I/O | | 8/7/2029 | | |
Self-Storage | | Various, United States | | 8/1/2024 | | | 8.50 | % | | | 78,209 | | | | 65,834 | | | | 65,124 | | | Monthly; I/O | | 8/1/2029 | | |
Multifamily | | New York, NY | | 6/27/2024 | | | 8.51 | % | | | 20,000 | | | | 20,000 | | | | 19,833 | | | Monthly; I/O | | 6/27/2026 | | |
Industrial | | Various, United Kingdom | | 4/25/2024(4) | | | 7.86 | % | | | 200,625 | | | | 200,625 | | | | 198,879 | | | Quarterly; I/O | | 4/25/2026 | | |
Multifamily | | Houston, TX | | 2/9/2024 | | | 8.48 | % | | | 96,300 | | | | 93,800 | | | | 93,191 | | | Monthly; I/O | | 2/11/2030 | | |
Multifamily | | Hayward, CA | | 11/30/2023 | | | 8.54 | % | | | 185,050 | | | | 163,082 | | | | 161,710 | | | Monthly; I/O | | 12/9/2028 | | |
| | | | | | | | | $ | 856,510 | | | $ | 812,519 | | | $ | 805,444 | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2023, the Company's held for investment loan portfolio was as follows (amounts in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Description | | Location | | Origination Date | | Weighted Average Interest Rate(1) | | | Loan Amount(2) | | | Principal Balance Outstanding | | | Fair Value | | | Payment Terms | | Maximum Maturity Date(3) | |
Multifamily | | Hayward, CA | | 11/30/2023 | | | 8.60 | % | | $ | 185,050 | | | $ | 160,000 | | | $ | 158,288 | | | Monthly; I/O | | 12/9/2028 | |
| | | | | | | | | $ | 185,050 | | | $ | 160,000 | | | $ | 158,288 | | | | | | |
(1) Represents the weighted average interest rate for each loan as of period end. With the exception of the industrial loan asset collateralized by properties in various locations in the United Kingdom, loans earn interest at the one-month Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a spread. The industrial loan asset collateralized by properties in the United Kingdom earns interest based on the Secured Overnight Index Average (“SONIA”) plus a spread.
(2) Loan amounts consist of outstanding principal balance plus unfunded loan commitments for each loan.
(3) Maximum maturity date assumes all extension options are exercised by the borrower; however, loans may be repaid prior to such date. Extension options are subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions as defined in the respective loan agreements.
(4) Reflects the acquisition date of the loan participation.
On September 12, 2024, the Company originated a $188.3 million floating-rate first mortgage loan of which $181.2 million was funded at closing. The loan is collateralized by a portfolio of 21 industrial properties located in Nashville, TN and Atlanta, GA. At origination, the portfolio was occupied by 80+ tenants. The initial term of the mortgage loan is three years and provides for two one-year extension options, subject to the satisfaction of certain predefined conditions by the borrower. Through September 30, 2024, no additional amounts have been funded under the terms of this mortgage loan. Payments on the mortgage loan consist of interest only and a balloon payment at maturity.
On August 7, 2024, the Company originated an $88.0 million floating rate first mortgage loan collateralized by a portfolio of five multifamily assets in Berkeley, CA. The properties were renovated between 2020 and 2023 and together comprise 179 units. There are no future funding obligations associated with this mortgage loan, as the loan was fully funded at closing. The initial term of the mortgage loan is three years
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
with two one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions by the borrower. Payments on the mortgage loan consist of interest only and a balloon payment at maturity.
On August 1, 2024, the Company originated a $78.2 million floating rate first mortgage loan collateralized by a portfolio of seven interior corridor, climate-controlled self-storage facilities located in seven states across the United States. The properties were constructed between 2022-2023 and the mortgage loan is intended to bridge the portfolio’s financing through the remainder of the lease-up period to stabilized occupancy. The initial term of the mortgage loan is three years and provides for two one-year extension options, subject to the satisfaction of certain predefined conditions by the borrower. The total initial funding amount was $65.8 million. Through September 30, 2024, no additional amounts have been funded under the terms of this mortgage loan. Payments on the mortgage loan consist of interest only and a balloon payment at maturity.
On June 27, 2024, the Company originated a $20.0 million floating rate first mortgage loan collateralized by a 16-unit multifamily property located in the Tribeca neighborhood in Manhattan (New York), NY. The initial term of the mortgage loan is two years with three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions by the borrower. The mortgage loan was fully funded at closing. Monthly payments consist of interest only and a balloon payment at maturity.
On April 25, 2024, the Company invested in the UK Loan Participation, a £150.0 million (equivalent to $187.6 million using the GBP closing date exchange rate) participation in a £1.4B syndicated credit facility that was established to refinance a portfolio of 312 logistics assets totaling approximately 19 million square feet primarily located in last mile locations across the UK, in key UK logistics markets. The initial term of the underlying loan of the UK Loan Participation is two years and the loan also features three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions. The UK Loan Participation was fully funded at the closing of the acquisition and interest only payments are due on a quarterly basis with a balloon payment due at maturity.
On February 9, 2024, the Company originated a $93.8 million floating rate first mortgage loan collateralized by 620 apartments in two adjacent multifamily assets that are operated together as one property in Houston, TX. One asset was constructed in 2009 and the other was built in 2011. The initial term of the loan is two years and the loan also features three one-year extension options, subject to the satisfaction of certain predefined conditions by the borrower. The total loan commitment is $96.3 million reflecting plans for as much as $2.5 million of additional advances to the borrower subject to the satisfaction of certain predefined conditions. Through September 30, 2024, no additional amounts have been funded under the terms of this loan. Payments on the mortgage loan consist of interest only and a balloon payment at maturity.
On November 30, 2023, the Company originated a first mortgage and mezzanine loan collateralized by a 474-unit multifamily property which also features 83,000 square feet of ground floor retail space. The property is located in Hayward, CA, which is in the East Bay region of Northern California. The improvements were constructed in 2022 and the property is currently in the latter stage of the lease-up phase. The mortgage loan has floating rate first mortgage and mezzanine components. Principal in the amount of $160.0 million was funded at closing. The total loan commitment is $185.0 million. Consistent with the initial funding, 80% of any future funding amounts will be allocated to the first mortgage position and the remainder will be allocated to the mezzanine loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, $3.1 million of additional proceeds were funded to the borrower. The initial term of the loan is three years, with two one-year options, subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions of the borrower. Payments on the mortgage loan consist of interest only and a balloon payment at maturity.
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
4. Loans Payable
The following table presents the value of loans payable as of the period ended September 30, 2024 (amounts in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Description | Weighted Average Interest Rate(5) | Maximum Facility Size | | Available Capacity | | Debt Amount Outstanding | | Fair Value of Debt | | Fair Value of Collateral | | Current Maturity Date | Maximum Maturity Date |
Citibank Repurchase Agreement (1) | 7.44% | $ | 600,000 | | $ | 399,500 | | $ | 200,500 | | $ | 200,132 | | $ | 254,901 | | 6/21/2026 | 6/21/2029 |
MS International Repurchase Agreement (2) | 6.80% | | 200,625 | | | 40,125 | | | 160,500 | | | 160,163 | | | 198,879 | | 2/15/2029 | 2/15/2029 |
WF Repurchase Agreement (3) | 7.26% | | 250,000 | | | 52,058 | | | 197,942 | | | 196,866 | | | 264,260 | | 6/21/2026 | 6/21/2029 |
MS US Repurchase Agreement (4) | 7.09% | | 200,000 | | | 142,750 | | | 57,250 | | | 56,841 | | | 87,404 | | 7/25/2027 | 7/25/2029 |
| | $ | 1,250,625 | | $ | 634,433 | | $ | 616,192 | | $ | 614,002 | | $ | 805,444 | | | |
The following table presents the value of loans payable as of the period ended December 31, 2023 (amounts in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Description | Weighted Average Interest Rate(4) | Maximum Facility Size | | Available Capacity | | Debt Amount Outstanding | | Fair Value of Debt | | Fair Value of Collateral | | Current Maturity Date | Maximum Maturity Date |
Citibank Repurchase Agreement (1) | 7.61% | $ | 250,000 | | $ | 129,500 | | $ | 120,500 | | $ | 120,196 | | $ | 158,288 | | 12/14/2025 | 12/14/2028 |
| | $ | 250,000 | | $ | 129,500 | | $ | 120,500 | | $ | 120,196 | | $ | 158,288 | | | |
(1) On June 21, 2024, the Company entered into an amended Master Repurchase Agreement (as amended and together with the related transaction documents, the “Citibank Repurchase Agreement”) with Citibank, N.A. (“Citibank”) to finance the acquisition and origination by the Company of eligible loans as more particularly described in the Citibank Repurchase Agreement. As a result of the amendment, the Citibank Repurchase Agreement provides for asset purchases of up to $600.0 million (reflecting an increase from the previous $250.0 million limit) by Citibank. In addition, the initial maturity date of the Citibank Facility was extended to June 21, 2026 (from December 14, 2025) and the commencement dates of each of the three one-year extension option periods were rescheduled to the respective anniversary dates of the initial maturity date. The extensions are subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions including compliance with certain financial and administrative covenants, as well as payment of applicable extension fees. Interest is paid monthly. Recourse to the Company is limited to 25% of the then outstanding obligations of the special purpose (indirect) subsidiaries that are wholly-owned by the Company that borrow funds under the Citibank Repurchase Agreement.
(2) On April 23, 2024, the Company entered into a Master Repurchase and Securities Contract Agreement (together with the related transaction documents, the “MS-International Repurchase Agreement”), with Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. (“Morgan Stanley”), to finance the acquisition and origination by the Company of eligible investment assets as more particularly described in the MS-International Repurchase Agreement. The borrowing facility is subject to one or more one-year extension options at the option of Morgan Stanley. The extensions are subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions including compliance with certain financial and administrative covenants. Interest is paid quarterly. Recourse to the Company is limited to 25% of the then outstanding obligations of the special purpose (indirect) subsidiaries that are wholly-owned by the Company that borrow funds under the MS-International Repurchase Agreement.
(3) On June 21, 2024, the Company entered into a Master Repurchase and Securities Contract Agreement (together with the related transaction documents, the “WF Repurchase Agreement”), with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”), to finance the acquisition and origination by the Company of eligible investment assets as more particularly described in the WF Repurchase Agreement. The initial maturity date is June 21, 2026. The borrowing facility has up to three one-year extension options. The extensions are subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions including compliance with certain financial and administrative covenants, as well as payment of applicable extension fees. Interest is paid monthly. Recourse to the Company is limited to 25% of the then outstanding obligations of the special purpose (indirect) subsidiaries that are wholly-owned by the Company that borrow funds under the WF Repurchase Agreement.
(4) On July 25, 2024, the Company entered into a Master Repurchase and Securities Contract Agreement (together with the related transaction documents, the “MS-US Repurchase Agreement”), with Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC (“MSMCH”), as administrative agent for Morgan Stanley, as a buyer, to finance the acquisition and origination by the Company of eligible investment assets as more particularly described in the MS-US Repurchase Agreement. The MS-US Repurchase Agreement provides for asset purchases by MSMCH on behalf of Morgan Stanley of up to $200.0 million with the ability to increase to $250.0 million as more particularly described therein (the “MS-US Facility”). The maturity date of the MS-US Facility is July 25, 2027, subject to a one (1) year extension at the Company’s option and, if such option is exercised, another one (1) year extension at the Company’s request subject to the consent of MSMCH, in each case, subject to satisfaction of certain customary conditions. Recourse to the Company is limited to 25% of the then outstanding obligations of the special purpose (indirect) subsidiaries that are wholly-owned by the Company that borrow funds under the MS-US Repurchase Agreement.
(5) Represents the weighted average interest rate as of period end. With the exception of MS-International Repurchase Agreement, borrowings under our repurchase agreements carry interest at one-month Term SOFR plus a spread. Borrowings under MS-International Repurchase Agreement carry interest based on the SONIA plus a spread.
Each of the Citibank Repurchase Agreement, MS-International Repurchase Agreement, WF Repurchase Agreement and the MS-US Repurchase Agreement and the respective guaranty agreements contain representations, warranties, covenants, events of default and indemnities that are customary for agreements of their type. As of September 30, 2024, the Company is in compliance with all covenants.
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
On November 30, 2023, we entered into a credit agreement with Starwood Capital Group Management L.L.C. The agreement provided for maximum borrowings of $148 million. We incurred interest on the loan at a rate based on the one-month Term SOFR plus 2.5%. The sole draw of $125.8 million under the agreement was executed on November 30, 2023 and the proceeds were used to originate a first mortgage loan and mezzanine loan on a single property. The loan was subsequently paid off in two installments with the last being $120.5 million on December 20, 2023 when the remaining debt balance was refinanced with proceeds from the Citibank Repurchase Agreement (as defined above). The interest accrued and paid on this loan was $0.6 million.
5. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
The following table summarizes the components of accrued expenses and other liabilities (amounts in thousands):
| | | | | | |
| September 30, 2024 | | December 31, 2023 | |
Deposit liability | $ | - | | $ | 125 | |
Trustee compensation payable | | 45 | | | 15 | |
Unearned revenue | | 320 | | | - | |
Other | | 1 | | | - | |
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | 366 | | $ | 140 | |
| | | | |
6. Commitments and Contingencies
As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the Company was not subject to any material litigation nor is the Company aware of any material litigation threatened against it.
7. Derivatives and Hedging Activity
Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives
We are exposed to certain foreign currency risk from our investments in securities denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar (“USD”).
Designated Hedges
The Company does not generally elect to apply hedge accounting designations to its hedging instruments. As of September 30, 2024, the Company did not have any derivatives designated as hedges.
Non-designated Hedges and Derivatives
We have entered into foreign exchange (“FX”) forward contracts pursuant to which we agree to buy or sell a specified amount of foreign currency for a specified amount of USD at a future date, economically fixing the USD amounts of foreign denominated cash flows we expect to receive or pay related to certain foreign denominated loan investments. The following table summarizes our non-designated derivatives as of September 30, 2024 (notional amounts in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Type of Derivative | | Number of Contracts | | | Aggregate Notional Amount | | | Notional Currency | | Maturity Dates |
FX Contracts- Sell GBP | | | 5 | | | | 31,875 | | | GBP | | December 2024 - June 2027 |
| | | 5 | | | | | | | | |
The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (amounts in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fair Value of Derivatives in an Asset Position as of | | | Fair Value of Derivatives in a Liability Position as of | |
| | September 30, 2024 | | | December 31, 2023 | | | September 30, 2024 | | | December 31, 2023 | |
Foreign exchange contracts | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | 2,102 | | | $ | - | |
| | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | 2,102 | | | $ | - | |
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The table below presents the effect of our derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 (amounts in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income for the | |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income | | Three months ended September 30, 2024 | | | Nine months ended September 30, 2024 | |
Foreign exchange contracts | | Unrealized loss on derivative instruments, net | | $ | (1,628 | ) | | $ | (2,102 | ) |
| | | | $ | (1,628 | ) | | $ | (2,102 | ) |
The Company classifies foreign currency forward contracts as Level 2 fair value measurements pursuant to the fair value hierarchy. See Note 10- “Fair Value” for further details.
8. Redeemable Common Shares
As of July 14, 2023, the Company was authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares classified as common shares, par value $0.01 per share. The Company was capitalized through the purchase by Starwood Real Estate Income Holdings, L.P. of 50 common shares for an aggregate purchase price of $1,000. On December 1, 2023, the Company amended its Declaration of Trust, pursuant to which the Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share, including an unlimited number of shares classified as Class T shares, an unlimited number of shares classified as Class S shares, an unlimited number of shares classified as Class D shares, an unlimited number of shares classified as Class I shares, and an unlimited number of shares classified as Class E shares, and an unlimited number of shares classified as preferred shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share.
On November 30, 2023, in connection with the Initial Capitalization (as defined below), the Company issued an aggregate of 1,575,000 of its common shares to Starwood Real Estate Income Holdings, L.P., an affiliate of the Advisor (“Starwood RE Income Holdings”) at a price per share of $20.00 for an aggregate purchase price of $31.5 million (which were subsequently changed into Class E shares in connection with the Company’s amended Declaration of Trust). Additionally, on December 1, 2023, the Company issued 28,000 Class E shares to other affiliates of Starwood Capital and investors eligible to purchase Class E shares at a price per share of $20.00 for an aggregate purchase price of $0.6 million in its continuous, blind pool private offering.
The following table details the movement of and proceeds received from the Company’s outstanding redeemable common shares during the three months ended September 30, 2024 (amounts in thousands except share amounts):
| | | |
| Redeemable Common Shares | |
Shares outstanding as of June 30, 2024 | | 1,634,933 | |
Redeemable common shares issued | | - | |
Redeemable common shares issued as performance fee compensation | | - | |
DRIP shares issued | | 310 | |
Shares outstanding as of September 30, 2024 | | 1,635,243 | |
| | |
Proceeds from issuance of redeemable common shares | $ | 6 | |
The following table details the movement of and proceeds received from the Company’s outstanding redeemable common shares during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 (amounts in thousands except share amounts):
| | | |
| Redeemable Common Shares | |
Shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023 | | 1,603,050 | |
Redeemable common shares issued | | 24,934 | |
Redeemable common shares issued as performance fee compensation | | 6,342 | |
DRIP shares issued | | 917 | |
Shares outstanding as of September 30, 2024 | | 1,635,243 | |
| | |
Proceeds from issuance of redeemable common shares | $ | 518 | |
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The following table details the movement of and proceeds received from the Company’s outstanding redeemable common shares during the period from July 14, 2023 (date of initial capitalization) through September 30, 2023 (amounts in thousands except share amounts):
| | | |
| Redeemable Common Shares | |
Shares outstanding as of July 14, 2023 (date of initial capitalization) | | - | |
Redeemable common shares issued | | 50 | |
Redeemable common shares issued as performance fee compensation | | - | |
DRIP shares issued | | - | |
Shares outstanding as of September 30, 2023 | | 50 | |
| | |
Proceeds from issuance of redeemable common shares | $ | 1 | |
At September 30, 2024, all issued and outstanding Class E shares are classified in temporary equity given that among other reasons (i) with respect to Class E shares held by Starwood Capital or its affiliate that were issued in connection with the Initial Capitalization (as defined below), the Company is required to repurchase such shares upon the request of the holder following the Applicable Liquidity Date (as defined below), subject to certain limitations and terms set forth in the definitive subscription agreement relating to the Initial Capitalization and (ii) with respect to Class E shares held by the Advisor or its affiliate that were issued in respect of management fees and/or performance fees, the Company is required to repurchase such shares upon the request of the Advisor, subject to the terms of the Advisory Agreement (as defined below). The redeemable common shares are subsequently adjusted to equal what the redemption amount would be as if redemption were to occur at the reporting date. As of September 30, 2024, the redeemable common shares are remeasured using the NAV per share as of September 30, 2024 with any adjustment between the carrying value and the redemption value recorded in shareholders' equity.
Starwood Capital has agreed, from time to time, to purchase from the Company an aggregate amount of not less than $150.0 million in Class E shares, at a price per share equal to the Company’s most recently determined NAV of its Class E shares, (the “Initial Capitalization”). Starwood Capital has agreed to hold all of the Class E shares it receives in connection with the Initial Capitalization until, (i) with respect to the Class E shares issued in respect of the initial $125.0 million of its commitment, the earlier of (a) the first date that the Company's NAV reaches $1.0 billion and (b) the second anniversary of the initial closing of our continuous private offering (December 1, 2025), (ii) with respect to the Class E shares issued in respect of Starwood Capital’s commitment in excess of $125.0 million, but not greater than $150.0 million, at least the second anniversary of the initial closing of our private offering (December 1, 2025) and (iii) with respect to any remaining Class E shares (representing purchases exceeding $150.0 million), at any time following the initial closing of our continuous private offering (December 1, 2023) (such date, the “Applicable Liquidity Date”).
Distributions
The following table details the aggregate distributions declared for redeemable common shares for the three months ended September 30, 2024:
| | | |
| Redeemable Common Shares | |
Aggregate gross distributions declared per common share | $ | 0.3876 | |
Shareholder servicing fee per common share(1) | | - | |
Net distributions declared per common share | $ | 0.3876 | |
The following table details the aggregate distributions declared for redeemable common shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:
| | | |
| Redeemable Common Shares | |
Aggregate gross distributions declared per common share | $ | 1.1628 | |
Shareholder servicing fee per common share(1) | | - | |
Net distributions declared per common share | $ | 1.1628 | |
(1) There is no shareholder servicing fee with respect Class E shares. Refer to Note 11 — “Related Party Transactions” below for further information on shareholder servicing fees.
There were no distributions declared for redeemable common shares for the period from July 14, 2023 (date of initial capitalization) through September 30, 2023.
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
9. Shareholders' Equity
Authorized Capital
As of July 14, 2023, the Company was authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares classified as common shares, par value $0.01 per share. On December 1, 2023, the Company amended its Declaration of Trust, pursuant to which the Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share, including an unlimited number of shares classified as Class T shares, an unlimited number of shares classified as Class S shares, an unlimited number of shares classified as Class D shares, an unlimited number of shares classified as Class I shares, and an unlimited number of shares classified as Class E shares, and an unlimited number of shares classified as preferred shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share. The Company is conducting a continuous, blind pool private offering, pursuant to which it is offering and selling its common shares to a limited number of accredited investors (as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended), including common shares classified as Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares, Class I shares and Class E shares. The share classes have different upfront selling commissions and ongoing shareholder servicing fees. The per share purchase price for each class of its common shares will vary and will generally equal the Company’s prior month’s NAV per share, as calculated monthly, plus applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees.
Common Shares
On October 31, 2023, the Company commenced its continuous, blind pool private offering of an unlimited number of its common shares.
The following table details the movement of and proceeds received from the Company’s outstanding common shares during the three months ended September 30, 2024 (amounts in thousands except share amounts):
| | | | | | | | | |
| Class S Common Shares | | Class I Common Shares | | Total | |
Shares outstanding as of June 30, 2024 | | 3,830,460 | | | 2,729,599 | | | 6,560,059 | |
Common shares issued | | 769,503 | | | 548,348 | | | 1,317,851 | |
DRIP shares issued | | 44,729 | | | 31,678 | | | 76,407 | |
Shares outstanding as of September 30, 2024 | | 4,644,692 | | | 3,309,625 | | | 7,954,317 | |
| | | | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of common shares | $ | 16,317 | | $ | 11,620 | | $ | 27,936 | |
The following table details the movement of and proceeds received from the Company’s outstanding common shares during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 (amounts in thousands except share amounts):
| | | | | | | | | |
| Class S Common Shares | | Class I Common Shares | | Total | |
Shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023 | | 259,750 | | | 67,050 | | | 326,800 | |
Common shares issued | | 4,299,507 | | | 3,189,358 | | | 7,488,865 | |
DRIP shares issued | | 85,435 | | | 53,217 | | | 138,652 | |
Shares outstanding as of September 30, 2024 | | 4,644,692 | | | 3,309,625 | | | 7,954,317 | |
| | | | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of common shares | $ | 88,542 | | $ | 64,945 | | $ | 153,487 | |
As of September 30, 2024, no Class D or Class T shares have been issued.
Share Repurchase Plan
The board of trustees has adopted a share repurchase plan, which commenced during the quarterly repurchase period ending March 31, 2024, which was the first full calendar quarter following the initial closing of the continuous private offering. Pursuant to the share repurchase plan, shareholders may request on a quarterly basis that the Company repurchase all or any portion of their shares. The Company is not obligated to repurchase any shares and may choose to repurchase only some, or even none, of the shares that have been requested to be repurchased in any particular quarter in its discretion. Repurchases will be made at the transaction price in effect on the repurchase date, except that shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year will be repurchased at 95% of the transaction price (an “Early Repurchase Deduction”). The one-year holding period is measured from the first calendar day of the month the shares were issued to the subscription closing date immediately following the prospective repurchase date. The Early Repurchase Deduction will not apply to shares acquired through the distribution reinvestment plan (“DRIP”).
The aggregate NAV of total repurchases of Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares, and Class I shares (including repurchases at certain non-U.S. investor access funds primarily created to hold our shares) under the share repurchase plan will be limited to no more than 5% of the aggregate NAV per calendar quarter (measured using the aggregate NAV as of the end of the immediately preceding month). Shares issued to the Advisor pursuant to the Advisory Agreement (as defined below) are not subject to the share repurchase plan, including the quarterly volume limitation and the Early Repurchase Deduction.
In the event that the Company determines to repurchase some but not all of the shares submitted for repurchase during any calendar quarter under the share repurchase plan, shares repurchased at the end of the calendar quarter will be repurchased on a pro rata basis. All unsatisfied repurchase requests must be resubmitted after the start of the next calendar quarter, or upon the recommencement of the share repurchase plan, as applicable.
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The board of trustees designated the following persons as “Key Persons” under the share repurchase plan: Barry Sternlicht, Jeffrey Dishner, Ellis Rinaldi, Dennis Schuh and any individual that replaces such persons. The share repurchase plan provides that if two or more Key Persons are no longer actively involved in the business and activities of Starwood Capital, or are otherwise unable or unwilling to exercise the authority and discharge those day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to Starwood Capital as are currently exercised and discharged by such Key Person(s) (such inactivity, inability or unwillingness, “Inactivity”), and Starwood Capital has not appointed one or more replacements who will fulfill substantially all of the duties of one of such Key Persons within 90 days from the date such Inactivity began (meaning, for the sake of clarity, that one Key Person’s responsibilities may remain unfilled for longer than 90 days) (a “Key Person Triggering Event”), then the Early Repurchase Deduction is waived with respect to shares that have been purchased in the 12 months preceding the expiration of five business days after the disclosure by the Company of the occurrence of such Key Person Triggering Event (“Disclosure Date”) as set forth herein. If the Disclosure Date is (x) at least one (1) business day prior to the date upon which the transaction price is made available during a quarter-ending month, the Early Repurchase Deduction shall be waived through the first repurchase date or (y) on or following the date upon which the transaction price is made available during a quarter-ending month, the Early Repurchase Deduction shall be waived through the next two (2) repurchase dates. The waiver of the Early Repurchase Deduction set forth in this paragraph will not apply to shares acquired through the DRIP.
Under the share repurchase plan, our board of trustees may amend, suspend or terminate the share repurchase plan at any time if it deems such action to be in our best interest. As a result, share repurchases may not be available each quarter.
We may fund repurchase requests from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of or repayment under our assets, borrowings or offering proceeds, and we have no limits on the amounts we may pay from such sources. Should repurchase requests, in the Company’s judgment, place an undue burden on our liquidity, adversely affect our operations or risk having an adverse impact on the Company as a whole, or should we otherwise determine that investing our liquid assets in real estate or other investments rather than repurchasing our shares is in the best interests of the Company as a whole, then the Company may choose to repurchase fewer shares than have been requested to be repurchased, or none at all. Further, the board of trustees may make exceptions to, modify or suspend the share repurchase plan if it deems in its reasonable judgment such action to be in the Company’s best interest.
For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company received no repurchase requests.
Distributions
The following table details the aggregate distributions declared for Class S and Class I common shares for the three months ended September 30, 2024:
| | | | | | |
| Class S Common Shares | | Class I Common Shares(1) | |
Aggregate gross distributions declared per common share | $ | 0.3876 | | $ | 0.3876 | |
Shareholder servicing fee per common share | | 0.0428 | | | - | |
Net distributions declared per common share | $ | 0.3448 | | $ | 0.3876 | |
The following table details the aggregate distributions declared for Class S and Class I common shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:
| | | | | | |
| Class S Common Shares | | Class I Common Shares(1) | |
Aggregate gross distributions declared per common share | $ | 1.1628 | | $ | 1.1628 | |
Shareholder servicing fee per common share | | 0.1275 | | | - | |
Net distributions declared per common share | $ | 1.0353 | | $ | 1.1628 | |
(1) There is no shareholder servicing fee with respect Class I shares. Refer to Note 11 — “Related Party Transactions” below for further information on shareholder servicing fees.
10. Fair Value
GAAP establishes a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on the observability of inputs utilized in measuring financial assets and liabilities at fair value. GAAP establishes market-based or observable inputs as the preferred source of values, followed by valuation models using management assumptions in the absence of market inputs. The three levels of the hierarchy are described below:
Level I—Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.
Level II—Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level I) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life.
Level III—Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model.
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Valuation Process
We have valuation control processes in place to validate the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value including those derived from pricing models. These control processes are designed to assure that the values used for financial reporting are based on observable inputs wherever possible. In the event that observable inputs are not available, the control processes are designed to assure that the valuation approach utilized is appropriate and consistently applied and the assumptions are reasonable.
Pricing Verification—We use recently executed transactions, other observable market data such as exchange data, broker/dealer quotes, third party pricing vendors and aggregation services for validating the fair values generated using valuation models. Pricing data provided by approved external sources is evaluated using a number of approaches; for example, by corroborating the external sources’ prices to executed trades, analyzing the methodology and assumptions used by the external source to generate a price and/or by evaluating how active the third party pricing source (or originating sources used by the third party pricing source) is in the market.
Unobservable Inputs—Where inputs are not observable, we review the appropriateness of the proposed valuation methodology to ensure it is consistent with how a market participant would arrive at the unobservable input. The valuation methodologies utilized in the absence of observable inputs may include extrapolation techniques and the use of comparable observable inputs.
Any changes to the valuation methodology will be reviewed by our management to ensure the changes are appropriate. The methods used may produce a fair value calculation that is not indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while we anticipate that our valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies, or assumptions, to determine the fair value could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.
Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
We measure the fair value of our loans receivable and loans payable using a discounted cash flow analysis unless observable market data is available. A discounted cash flow analysis requires management to make estimates regarding future interest rates and credit spreads. The most significant of these inputs relates to credit spreads and is unobservable. Thus, we have determined that the fair values of loans receivable and loans payable valued using a discounted cash flow analysis should be classified in Level III of the fair value hierarchy, while mortgage loans valued using securitized pricing should be classified in Level II of the fair value hierarchy. Mortgage loans classified in Level III are transferred to Level II if securitized pricing becomes available.
We measure the fair value of our foreign currency forward contracts by utilizing the foreign exchange forward curve, the yields on applicable government debt, and the counterparty credit risk. The most significant of these inputs relates to the foreign exchange forward curve and the yields on the applicable government debt, which are observable. Thus, we have determined that the fair values of the foreign currency forward contracts should be classified in Level II of the fair value hierarchy.
Fair Value Disclosure
The following table presents our financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis in the condensed consolidated balance sheets by their level in the fair value hierarchy (amounts in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2024 | | | December 31, 2023 | |
| | Level I | | | Level II | | | Level III | | | Level I | | | Level II | | | Level III | |
Financial Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans receivable, at fair value | | | - | | | | - | | | $ | 805,444 | | | | - | | | | - | | | $ | 158,288 | |
Total | | | - | | | | - | | | $ | 805,444 | | | | - | | | | - | | | $ | 158,288 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans payable, at fair value | | | - | | | | - | | | $ | (614,002 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | $ | (120,196 | ) |
Derivative instrument liabilities, at fair value | | | - | | | $ | (2,102 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Total | | | - | | | $ | (2,102 | ) | | $ | (614,002 | ) | | | - | | | | - | | | $ | (120,196 | ) |
The following table shows a reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value measurements of our loans receivable for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 (amounts in thousands):
| | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $ | 158,288 | |
Loan originations and fundings | | 639,537 | |
Unrealized loss on loans receivable, net of foreign currency translation | | 7,619 | |
Balance as of September 30, 2024 | $ | 805,444 | |
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The following table shows a reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value measurements of our loans payable for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 (amounts in thousands):
| | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $ | (120,196 | ) |
Borrowings under repurchase agreements | | (627,508 | ) |
Repayments under repurchase agreements | | 142,250 | |
Gain on loans payable, net of foreign currency translation | | (8,548 | ) |
Balance as of September 30, 2024 | $ | (614,002 | ) |
The following tables contain the quantitative inputs and assumptions used for items categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (amounts in thousands):
| | | | | | |
| September 30, 2024 |
| Fair Value | | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Inputs | Weighted Average |
Financial Assets: | | | | | |
Loans receivable, at fair value | $ | 805,444 | | Discounted cash flow | Discount Rate | 8.23% |
Financial Liabilities: | | | | | |
Loans payable, at fair value | $ | (614,002 | ) | Discounted cash flow | Discount Rate | 7.16% |
| | | | | |
| December 31, 2023 |
| Fair Value | | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Inputs | Weighted Average |
Financial Assets: | | | | | |
Loans receivable, at fair value | $ | 158,288 | | Discounted cash flow | Discount Rate | 9.06% |
Financial Liabilities: | | | | | |
Loans payable, at fair value | $ | (120,196 | ) | Discounted cash flow | Discount Rate | 7.97% |
11. Related Party Transactions
The Company entered into an advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) with the Advisor. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor is responsible for sourcing, evaluating and monitoring the Company’s investment opportunities and making decisions related to the acquisition, origination, management, financing and disposition of the Company’s assets, in accordance with the Company’s investment objectives, guidelines, policies and limitations, subject to oversight by the Company’s board of trustees.
Management and Performance Fee
As compensation for its services provided pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor will be paid a management fee (the “Management Fee”) equal to 1.25% of NAV per annum for the outstanding Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares, and Class I shares, payable monthly in arrears. The Company does not pay the Advisor the Management Fee with respect to the Class E shares. In calculating the Management Fee, we will use our NAV before giving effect to accruals for the Management Fee, Performance Fee, shareholder servicing fees or distributions payable on our common shares. The Management Fee may be paid, at the Advisor’s election, in cash, Class I shares or Class E shares, or any combination thereof. To the extent that the Advisor elects to receive any portion of the Management Fee in Class I shares or Class E shares, we may repurchase such Class I shares or Class E shares from the Advisor at a later date. Our Class I shares or Class E shares obtained by the Advisor will not be subject to our share repurchase plan, including the repurchase limits and any Early Repurchase Deduction. The Advisor agreed to waive its Management Fee for the first three months following the initial closing of our continuous private offering (the period through February 29, 2024), and accordingly, no management fee was earned during the year ended December 31, 2023. During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024, Management Fees earned by the Advisor were $0.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively.
The Advisor may be entitled to receive a performance fee (the “Performance Fee”) which is accrued monthly and payable quarterly (or part thereof that the Advisory Agreement is in effect) in arrears. The Performance Fee will be an amount, not less than zero, equal to (i) 12.5% of the cumulative Core Earnings (as defined in the Advisory Agreement) for the immediately preceding four calendar quarters (each such period, a “4-Quarter Performance Measurement Period”), subject to a hurdle rate, expressed as an annual rate of return on average adjusted capital, equal to 5.0% (the “Annual Hurdle Rate”), minus (ii) the sum of any performance fees paid to the Advisor with respect to the first three calendar quarters in the applicable 4-Quarter Performance Measurement Period. For purposes of the Performance Fee, “adjusted capital” means cumulative net proceeds generated from sales of our Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares (including proceeds from the DRIP) reduced for distributions from dispositions of our investments paid to Class T, Class S, Class D and Class I shareholders and amounts paid to Class T, Class S, Class D and Class I shareholders for share repurchases pursuant to our share repurchase plan. The Advisor will not earn a Performance Fee for any calendar quarter until our Core Earnings for the applicable 4-Quarter Performance Measurement Period exceeds the Annual Hurdle Rate. Once our Core Earnings exceed the Annual Hurdle Rate, the Advisor is entitled to a “catch-up” fee equal to the amount of Core Earnings in excess of the Annual Hurdle Rate until our Core Earnings for the applicable 4-Quarter Performance Measurement Period exceed a percentage of average adjusted
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
capital equal to the Annual Hurdle Rate divided by 0.875 (or 1 minus 0.125) for the applicable 4-Quarter Performance Measurement Period. Thereafter, the Advisor is entitled to receive 12.5% of our Core Earnings. Proportional calculation methodologies to be applied prior to the completion of four full calendar quarters are defined in the Advisory Agreement. The Performance Fee may be paid, at the Advisor’s election, in cash, Class I shares or Class E shares, or any combination thereof. The Company does not pay the Advisor a Performance Fee on Class E shares. To the extent that the Advisor elects to receive any portion of the Performance Fee in Class I shares or Class E shares, we may repurchase such Class I shares or Class E shares from the Advisor at a later date. Our Class I shares or Class E shares obtained by the Advisor will not be subject to our share repurchase plan, including the repurchase limits and any Early Repurchase Deduction. During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024, the Advisor earned Performance Fees of $0.6 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The Advisor has elected to receive all Performance Fees earned in Class E shares. During the year ended, December 31, 2023, no Performance Fee was earned.
Due to Advisor
The Company may retain certain of the Advisor’s affiliates, from time to time, for services relating to the Company’s investments or its operations, which may include capital markets services, restructuring services, valuation services, underwriting and diligence services, and special servicing, as well as services related to mortgage servicing, group purchasing, consulting/brokerage, capital markets/credit origination, loan servicing and asset management, property, title and other types of insurance, management consulting and other similar operational and investment matters.
The following table details the components of Due to Advisor as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (amounts in thousands):
| | | | | | |
| September 30, 2024 | | December 31, 2023 | |
Accrued operating expenses | $ | 2,338 | | $ | 893 | |
Accrued organization expenses | | 666 | | | 888 | |
Accrued offering costs | | 2,333 | | | 2,294 | |
Accrued management fees | | 165 | | | - | |
Accrued performance fees | | 560 | | | - | |
Total | $ | 6,062 | | $ | 4,075 | |
Accrued operating costs
The Advisor has agreed to advance certain of the Company’s operating expenses through the first anniversary of the date of the initial closing of the continuous private offering (December 1, 2024). The Advisor had incurred operating costs on the Company’s behalf of $2.3 million and $0.9 million, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. On October 16, 2024, the Company and the Advisor entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Advisory Agreement (the “Amendment”), which amends, among other things, the provisions of the Agreement related to the reimbursement by the Company to the Advisor of the organization and offering expenses and certain operating expenses. Pursuant to the Amendment, the Advisor agreed for the Company’s benefit that the Advisor shall be reimbursed for all such advanced operating expenses ratably over a 60-month period commencing in January 2026. Operating expenses incurred after the first anniversary of the initial closing of its private offering will be paid by the Company as incurred.
Accrued organization and offering costs
The Advisor has agreed to advance organization and offering expenses on behalf of the Company (including legal, accounting, and other expenses attributable to the organization, but excluding upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and shareholder servicing fees) through the first anniversary of the date of the initial closing of the continuous private offering (December 1, 2024). The Advisor had incurred organization and offering costs on the Company’s behalf of $3.0 million, consisting of offering costs of $2.3 million and organization costs of $0.7 million, and $3.2 million, consisting of offering costs of $2.3 million and organization costs of $0.9 million, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The organization costs are recorded on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and the offering costs are charged to equity. Pursuant to Amendment, the Advisor agreed for the Company’s benefit that the Advisor shall be reimbursed for all such advanced organization and offering expenses ratably over a 60-month period commencing in January 2026.
Accrued Shareholder Servicing Fees
The Company entered into a deal manager agreement (the "Dealer Manager Agreement") with Starwood Capital L.L.C. (the "Dealer Manager"), on October 31, 2023. The Dealer Manager is entitled to receive shareholder servicing fees of 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV for Class T shares and Class S shares. For Class T shares such shareholder servicing fee includes an advisor shareholder servicing fee of 0.65% per annum, and a dealer shareholder servicing fee of 0.20% per annum, of the aggregate NAV for the Class T shares. However, with respect to Class T shares sold through certain participating broker-dealers, the advisor shareholder servicing fee and the dealer shareholder servicing fee may be other
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
amounts, provided that the sum of such fees will always equal 0.85% per annum of the NAV of such shares. The Class D shares will incur a shareholder servicing fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV for the Class D shares.
The Dealer Manager anticipates that substantially all of the shareholder servicing fees will be retained by, or reallowed (paid) to, participating broker-dealers. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023, the Dealer Manager did not retain any shareholder servicing fees.
The Company accrues the estimated amount of the future shareholder servicing fees payable to the Dealer Manager for Class T, Class S, and Class D shares based on the estimated hold period of those shares. Accrued shareholder servicing fees were $6.9 million and $0.4 million as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.
12. Net Income Per Share
Net income per common share for the three months ended September 30, 2024, is computed as follows (in thousands, except for share and per share data):
| | | | | |
Basic: | | | | |
Net income attributable to Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust | | $ | | 3,404 | |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic | | | | 9,168,764 | |
Basic net income per common share | | $ | | 0.37 | |
Diluted: | | | | |
Net income attributable to Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust | | $ | | 3,404 | |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted(1) | | | | 9,170,895 | |
Diluted net income per common share | | $ | | 0.37 | |
Net income per common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, is computed as follows (in thousands, except for share and per share data):
| | | | | |
Basic: | | | | |
Net income attributable to Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust | | $ | | 5,973 | |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic | | | | 6,714,773 | |
Basic net income per common share | | $ | | 0.89 | |
Diluted: | | | | |
Net income attributable to Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust | | $ | | 5,973 | |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted(1) | | | | 6,716,161 | |
Diluted net income per common share | | $ | | 0.89 | |
(1) Diluted earnings per share takes into account the effect of dilutive instruments, such as unvested stock awards. As of September 30, 2024, 3,002 unvested shares were outstanding.
13. Economic Dependency
The Company will be dependent on the Advisor and its affiliates for certain services that are essential to it, including the sale of the Company’s common shares, origination, acquisition and disposition decisions, and certain other responsibilities. In the event that the Advisor and its affiliates are unable to provide such services, the Company would be required to find alternative service providers.
Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
14. Subsequent Events
Deferral of Reimbursement to Advisor and Temporary Waiver of Management Fees
On October 16, 2024, the Board of Trustees approved the Amendment, which amends the provisions of the Advisory Agreement related to the waiver of the management fee and reimbursement by the Company to the Advisor of the Company’s organization and offering expenses and certain of the Company’s operating expenses that had been advanced by the Advisor through the first anniversary of the initial closing of the continuous private offering (the “Advanced Expenses”). Pursuant to the Amendment, the Advisor agreed to (i) be reimbursed by the Company for the Advanced Expenses in 60 equal monthly installments commencing January 1, 2026, (ii) an additional waiver of its management fee beginning on January 1, 2025 and continuing until the earlier of (x) July 1, 2026 and (y) the six months following the month in which the Company’s cumulative gross proceeds generated from sales of Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares (excluding proceeds from (i) Distribution Reinvestment Plan and (ii) any investment from Strategic Investors (as defined in the Amendment)) exceeds $300,000,000 (measured from and including subscriptions in January 2025).
Private Offering
Subsequent to September 30, 2024 through the date hereof, the Company issued the following shares (in thousands, except for share amounts):
| | | | | | |
| Shares | | Gross Proceeds | |
Class S Common Shares | | 227,662 | | | 4,645 | |
Class I Common Shares | | 183,039 | | | 3,668 | |
Class E Common Shares | | - | | | - | |
Total | | 410,701 | | $ | 8,313 | |
Subsequent to September 30, 2024 through the date hereof, the Company also issued the following shares under the DRIP (in thousands, except for share amounts):
| | | | | | |
| Shares | | Gross Proceeds | |
Class S Common Shares | | 35,097 | | $ | 704 | |
Class I Common Shares | | 22,522 | | | 451 | |
Class E Common Shares | | 209 | | | 4 | |
Total | | 57,828 | | $ | 1,159 | |
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
References herein to “Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust” “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust and its subsidiaries unless the context specifically requires otherwise.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Forward-Looking Statements
Some of the statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitute forward-looking statements because they relate to future events or our future performance or financial condition. The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may include statements as to:
•our future operating results;
•our business prospects and the prospects of the assets in which we may invest;
•the impact of the investments that we expect to make;
•our ability to raise sufficient capital to execute our investment and lending strategies;
•our ability to source adequate investment and lending opportunities to efficiently deploy capital;
•our current and expected financing arrangements;
•the effect of global and national economic and market conditions generally upon our operating results, including, but not limited to, changes with respect to inflation, interest rate changes and supply chain disruptions, and changes in government rules, regulations and fiscal policies;
•the adequacy of our cash resources, financing sources and working capital;
•the timing and amount of cash flows and distributions, if any, from our investments;
•our contractual arrangements and relationships with third parties;
•actual and potential conflicts of interest with the Advisor (as defined below) or any of its affiliates;
•the dependence of our future success on the general economy and its effect on the assets in which we may invest;
•our use of financial leverage;
•the ability of the Advisor to locate suitable investments for us and to monitor and administer our investments;
•the ability of the Advisor or its affiliates to attract and retain highly talented professionals;
•our ability to structure investments in a tax-efficient manner and the effect of changes to tax legislation and our tax position; and
•the tax status of the assets in which we may invest.
In addition, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect” and “intend” indicate a forward-looking statement, although not all forward-looking statements include these words. The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those implied or expressed in the forward-looking statements for any reason, including the factors set forth in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include:
•changes in the economy, particularly those affecting the real estate industry;
•risks associated with possible disruption in our operations or the economy generally due to terrorism, natural disasters, epidemics or other events having a broad impact on the economy;
•adverse conditions in the areas where our investments or the properties underlying such investments are located and local real estate conditions;
•our portfolio may be concentrated in certain industries and geographies, and, as a consequence, our aggregate return may be substantially affected by adverse economic or business conditions affecting that particular type of asset or geography;
•limitations on our business and our ability to satisfy requirements to maintain our exclusion from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), or to maintain our qualification as a REIT (as defined below) for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
•since there is no public trading market for our common shares, repurchase of common shares by us will likely be the only way to dispose of your shares. Our share repurchase plan provides shareholders with the opportunity to request that we repurchase their shares on a quarterly basis, but we are not obligated to repurchase any shares and may choose to repurchase only some, or even none, of the
shares that have been requested to be repurchased in any particular quarter in our discretion. In addition, repurchases will be subject to available liquidity and other significant restrictions. Further, our board of trustees may make exceptions to, modify and suspend our share repurchase plan if, in its reasonable judgment, it deems such action to be in our best interest. As a result, our common shares should be considered as having only limited liquidity and at times may be illiquid;
•distributions are not guaranteed and may be funded from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, borrowings, offering proceeds, the sale of our assets, and repayments of our real estate debt investments, and we have no limits on the amounts we may fund from such sources;
•the purchase and repurchase prices for our common shares are generally based on our prior month’s net asset value (“NAV”) and are not based on any public trading market; and
•future changes in laws or regulations and conditions in our operating areas.
Although we believe the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements, are reasonable, any of the assumptions could be inaccurate, and, as a result, the forward-looking statements based on those assumptions also could be inaccurate. In light of the these and other uncertainties, the inclusion of a projection or forward-looking statement in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should not be regarded as a representation by us that our plans and objectives will be achieved. These forward-looking statements apply only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Moreover, we assume no duty and do not undertake to update the forward-looking statements.
Overview
We are a Maryland statutory trust formed on June 28, 2023 and we have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2023. We are externally managed by our investment advisor, Starwood Credit Advisors, L.L.C. (“Advisor”), an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Starwood Capital Group Holdings L.P. (“Starwood Holdings” and together any entity that is controlled by, controls or is under common control with Starwood Holdings, and any of their respective predecessor entities, “Starwood Capital” or the “Sponsor”). Starwood Capital is a private investment firm with a primary focus on global real estate. Since its inception in 1991, Starwood Capital has raised over $80 billion of capital and currently has approximately $115 billion of assets under management.
Our investment objectives are to invest primarily in debt on high quality assets that will enable us to:
•provide current income in the form of regular, stable cash distributions to achieve an attractive distribution yield;
•preserve and protect invested capital, by focusing on high quality real assets with current cash-flow and/or limited business plan risk;
•reduce downside risk through conservative loan-to-value ratios against high quality real assets with meaningful borrower equity or implied equity; and
•provide an investment alternative for shareholders seeking to allocate a portion of their long-term investment portfolios to commercial real estate (“CRE”) debt with lower volatility than publicly traded securities and compelling risk-adjusted returns compared to fixed income alternatives.
Our investment strategy is to originate, acquire, finance and manage a portfolio of primarily CRE debt investments, focused on senior secured, floating-rate CRE loans diversified across both geography and asset class. Our CRE loans are expected to be primarily secured by properties located in U.S., European and Australian markets and include multifamily, industrial and select other CRE asset classes, such as student housing, self-storage, life science and data center assets. To a lesser extent, we may invest in (1) other real asset lending strategies, including infrastructure loans, and (2) other real-estate related debt and equity securities, including commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) and collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”).
Our board of trustees has ultimate oversight and policy-making authority over us, including responsibility for governance, financial controls, compliance and disclosure. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, we delegated to the Advisor the authority to source, evaluate and monitor our investment opportunities and make decisions related to the acquisition, management, financing and disposition of our assets, in accordance with our investment objectives, guidelines, policies and limitations, subject to oversight by our board of trustees.
We are structured as a non-listed, perpetual-life REIT, and therefore our securities are not listed on a national securities exchange and, as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there is no plan to list our securities on a national securities exchange. We are organized as a holding company and conduct our business primarily through our various subsidiaries. We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended for U.S. federal income tax purposes and generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on our taxable income to the extent we annually distribute all of our REIT taxable income to shareholders and maintain our qualification as a REIT.
We are conducting a continuous, blind pool private offering of our common shares in reliance on an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), to investors that are (i) accredited investors (as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act) and (ii) in the case of common shares sold outside the United States, to persons that are not “U.S. persons” (as defined in Regulation S under the Securities Act), which commenced on October 31, 2023. The Company intends to use the net proceeds primarily to make investments in commercial real estate debt and real estate-related securities consistent with our investment guidelines and for other general corporate purposes. We intend to sell our common shares in our continuous, blind pool private offering on a monthly basis.
We are not aware of any material trends or uncertainties, favorable or unfavorable, other than national economic conditions affecting real estate generally, that may be reasonably anticipated to have a material impact on either capital resources or the revenues or income to be derived from our real estate debt investments or real estate-related securities, other than those referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Q3 2024 Highlights
Fundraising and Distributions
•During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, pursuant to the Company’s continuous, blind pool private offering, the Company sold an aggregate of 1,317,851 and 7,520,141, respectively, of its common shares for aggregate net consideration of approximately $26.4 million and $150.5 million, respectively, plus applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. The offer and sale of the shares was exempt from the registration provisions of the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) and Regulation D thereunder. In addition, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company issued 76,717 and 139,569 shares, respectively, pursuant to its distribution reinvestment plan (the “DRIP”) for aggregate net consideration of approximately $1.5 million and $2.8 million, respectively.
•During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company declared aggregate distributions of $0.3448, $0.3876 and $0.3876 per Class S share, Class I share and Class E share, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company declared aggregate distributions of $1.0353, $1.1628 and $1.1628 per Class S share, Class I share and Class E share, respectively. Refer to the Distributions section below for further details on the distributions declared.
Investments
•On August 1, 2024, the Company originated a $78.2 million floating rate first mortgage loan collateralized by a portfolio of seven interior corridor, climate-controlled self-storage facilities located in seven states across the United States. The properties were constructed between 2022-2023 and the mortgage loan is intended to bridge the portfolio’s financing through the remainder of the lease-up period to stabilized occupancy. The initial term of the mortgage loan is three years and provides for two one-year extension options, subject to the satisfaction of certain predefined conditions by the borrower. The total initial funding amount was $65.8 million. Through September 30, 2024, no additional amounts have been funded under the terms of this mortgage loan. Payments on the mortgage loan consist of interest only and a balloon payment at maturity.
•On August 7, 2024, the Company originated an $88.0 million floating rate first mortgage loan collateralized by a portfolio of five multifamily assets in Berkeley, CA. The properties were renovated between 2020 and 2023 and together comprise 179 units. There are no future funding obligations associated with this mortgage loan, as the loan was fully funded at closing. The initial term of the mortgage loan is three years with two one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions by the borrower. Payments on the mortgage loan consist of interest only and a balloon payment at maturity.
•On September 12, 2024, the Company originated a $188.3 million floating-rate first mortgage loan of which $181.2 million was funded at closing. The loan is collateralized by a portfolio of 21 industrial properties located in Nashville, TN and Atlanta, GA. At origination, the portfolio was occupied by 80+ tenants. The initial term of the mortgage loan is three years and provides for two one-year extension options, subject to the satisfaction of certain predefined conditions by the borrower. Through September 30, 2024, no additional amounts have been funded under the terms of this mortgage loan. Payments on the mortgage loan consist of interest only and a balloon payment at maturity.
Financings
•On July 25, 2024, the Company entered into a Master Repurchase and Securities Contract Agreement (together with the related transaction documents, the “MS-US Repurchase Agreement”), with Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC (“MSMCH”), as administrative agent for Morgan Stanley, as a buyer (“Morgan Stanley”), to finance the acquisition and origination by the Company of eligible investment assets as more particularly described in the MS-US Repurchase Agreement. The MS-US Repurchase Agreement provides for asset purchases by MSMCH on behalf of Morgan Stanley of up to $200.0 million with the ability to increase to $250.0 million as more particularly described therein (the “MS-US Facility”). The maturity date of the MS-US Facility is July 25, 2027, subject to a one (1) year extension at the Company’s option and, if such option is exercised, another one (1) year extension at the Company’s request subject to the consent of MSMCH, in each case, subject to satisfaction of certain customary conditions. Recourse to the Company is limited to 25% of the then outstanding obligations of the special purpose (indirect) subsidiaries that are wholly-owned by the Company that borrow funds under the MS-US Repurchase Agreement.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth information regarding our consolidated results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024 ($ in thousands):
| | | | | | |
| For the Three Months Ended | |
| September 30, 2024 | | June 30, 2024 | |
Revenues | | | | |
Interest income | $ | 12,629 | | $ | 8,240 | |
Other revenue | | 3,392 | | | 2,103 | |
Total revenues | | 16,021 | | | 10,343 | |
Expenses | | | | |
Interest expense | | 7,824 | | | 4,650 | |
Financing fees | | 928 | | | 2,906 | |
Professional fees | | 716 | | | 798 | |
Management fees | | 478 | | | 351 | |
General and administrative | | 86 | | | 67 | |
Performance fees | | 560 | | | - | |
Total Expenses | | 10,592 | | | 8,772 | |
Gains (losses) from operations and financing | | | | |
Unrealized loss on loans receivable | | (2,673 | ) | | (1,786 | ) |
Unrealized gain on loans payable | | 132 | | | 1,655 | |
Unrealized loss on derivative instruments, net | | (1,628 | ) | | (474 | ) |
Net gain on foreign currency translation | | 2,144 | | | 564 | |
Total loss from operations and financing, net | | (2,025 | ) | | (41 | ) |
Net income (loss) | $ | 3,404 | | $ | 1,530 | |
•During the three months ended September 30, 2024, total revenue were $16.0 million, and consisted of interest income of $12.6 million and other revenue of $3.4 million (predominantly origination fees). During the three months ended June 30, 2024, total revenues were $10.3 million, and consisted of interest income of $8.2 million and other revenue of $2.1 million (predominantly origination fees). The $5.7 million quarter over quarter increase in total revenues was primarily attributable to (i) the increase of the number of our loan investments, including the three newly-originated interest bearing loans during the third quarter with a total unpaid principal balance of $335.0 million and (ii) revenues related to earned interest for the entire calendar quarter on the loans originated during the prior quarter.
•Interest expense was $7.8 million and $4.7 million for the three month periods ended September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively. The $3.1 million quarter over quarter increase in interest expense was due to the larger debt balances outstanding required to finance the expanded loan investment portfolio, as discussed in the preceding paragraph.
•Financing fees expense was $0.9 million and $2.9 million for the three month periods ended September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively. The ($2.0) million quarter over quarter decrease in financing fees expense was due to the relatively high level of financing fees incurred during the second calendar quarter when two new debt funding facilities (the Morgan Stanley – International Repurchase Agreement and the Wells Fargo Repurchase Agreement) were established and the Citibank Repurchase Agreement was expanded and amended. In contrast, during the third calendar quarter of 2024, only one new debt funding facility (Morgan Stanley – US Repurchase Agreement) was established. In addition to the legal and other fees incurred in establishing these facilities, additional facility commitment fees were incurred and paid upon the execution of the relevant documents for each new facility based on the full funding capacity of the respective facilities.
•During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, professional fees were approximately $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, professional fees were primarily related to operating costs incurred during the period. $0.5 million of these costs have been advanced by the Advisor and paid on behalf of the Company. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor may advance certain operating expenses on behalf of the Company through December 1, 2024, the first anniversary of the initial closing of the continuous private offering. Pursuant to the Amendment (as defined below), the Company will reimburse the outstanding balance of such advances to the Advisor ratably in 60 monthly installments commencing on January 1, 2026.
•The Company pays the Advisor a management fee (the “Management Fee”) and a performance fee (the “Performance Fee”) pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement. During the three month periods ended September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, Management Fees were $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, as the Company continued to raise additional equity capital each month pursuant to its continuous private offering. Performance Fees during the three month period ended September 30, 2024, were $0.6 million. There were no Performance Fees incurred during the three month period ended June 30, 2024. Performance Fees during 2024, are based on the cumulative (year-to-date) Core Earnings as a percentage of average adjusted capital. For the first nine months of 2024, the Core Earnings as a percentage of average adjusted capital was in excess of the 5% annual hurdle rate, resulting in total Performance Fees of $0.7 million through September 30, 2024. Due to the adverse impact of the relatively high level of commitment fee expenses incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2024, related to the establishment of the MS-International Facility and the WF Facility, as well as expanding the capacity and extending the term of the Citibank Facility, cumulative (year-to-date) Core Earnings as a percentage of
average adjusted capital was less than the 5% and therefore, zero Performance Fee expense was accrued during the three month period ending June 30, 2024.
•During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, general and administrative expenses were $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.
•During the three months ended September 30, 2024, net loss from operations and financing was approximately $(2.0) million and was primarily related to $(2.7) million of unrealized losses on loan receivables arising from the receipt of origination fees on the new loan investments during the period, partially offset by net gain on foreign currency translation and derivative valuation.
Financial Condition
Investment Activities
As of September 30, 2024, the Company had originated six USD-denominated CRE mortgage loans and invested in one GBP denominated loan participation. The following table details the statistics of our loans receivable portfolio as of September 30, 2024 (amounts in thousands):
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Description | | Location | | Origination Date | | Weighted Average Interest Rate(1) | | | Loan Amount(2) | | | Principal Balance Outstanding | | | Fair Value | | | Payment Terms | | Maximum Maturity Date(3) | | |
Industrial | | Nashville, TN & Atlanta, GA | | 9/12/2024 | | | 7.95 | % | | $ | 188,326 | | | $ | 181,178 | | | $ | 179,303 | | | Monthly; I/O | | 10/29/2029 | | |
Multifamily | | Berkeley, CA | | 8/7/2024 | | | 7.95 | % | | | 88,000 | | | | 88,000 | | | | 87,404 | | | Monthly; I/O | | 8/7/2029 | | |
Self-Storage | | Various, United States | | 8/1/2024 | | | 8.50 | % | | | 78,209 | | | | 65,834 | | | | 65,124 | | | Monthly; I/O | | 8/1/2029 | | |
Multifamily | | New York, NY | | 6/27/2024 | | | 8.51 | % | | | 20,000 | | | | 20,000 | | | | 19,833 | | | Monthly; I/O | | 6/27/2026 | | |
Industrial | | Various, United Kingdom | | 4/25/2024(4) | | | 7.86 | % | | | 200,625 | | | | 200,625 | | | | 198,879 | | | Quarterly; I/O | | 4/25/2026 | | |
Multifamily | | Houston, TX | | 2/9/2024 | | | 8.48 | % | | | 96,300 | | | | 93,800 | | | | 93,191 | | | Monthly; I/O | | 2/11/2030 | | |
Multifamily | | Hayward, CA | | 11/30/2023 | | | 8.54 | % | | | 185,050 | | | | 163,082 | | | | 161,710 | | | Monthly; I/O | | 12/9/2028 | | |
| | | | | | | | | $ | 856,510 | | | $ | 812,519 | | | $ | 805,444 | | | | | | | |
(1) Represents the weighted average interest rate for each loan as of period end. With the exception of the industrial loan asset collateralized by properties in various locations in the United Kingdom, loans earn interest at the one-month Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a spread. The industrial loan asset collateralized by properties in the United Kingdom earns interest based on the Secured Overnight Index Average (“SONIA”) plus a spread.
(2) Loan amounts consist of outstanding principal balance plus unfunded loan commitments for each loan.
(3) Maximum maturity date assumes all extension options are exercised by the borrower; however, loans may be repaid prior to such date. Extension options are subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions as defined in the respective loan agreements.
(4) Reflects the acquisition date of the loan participation.
On September 12, 2024, the Company originated a $188.3 million floating-rate first mortgage loan of which $181.2 million was funded at closing. The loan is collateralized by a portfolio of 21 industrial properties located in Nashville, TN and Atlanta, GA. At origination, the portfolio was occupied by 80+ tenants. The initial term of the mortgage loan is three years and provides for two one-year extension options, subject to the satisfaction of certain predefined conditions by the borrower. Through September 30, 2024, no additional amounts have been funded under the terms of this mortgage loan. Payments on the mortgage loan consist of interest only and a balloon payment at maturity.
On August 7, 2024, the Company originated an $88.0 million floating rate first mortgage loan collateralized by a portfolio of five multifamily assets in Berkeley, CA. The properties were renovated between 2020 and 2023 and together comprise 179 units. There are no future funding obligations associated with this mortgage loan, as the loan was fully funded at closing. The initial term of the mortgage loan is three years with two one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions by the borrower. Payments on the mortgage loan consist of interest only and a balloon payment at maturity.
On August 1, 2024, the Company originated a $78.2 million floating rate first mortgage loan collateralized by a portfolio of seven interior corridor, climate-controlled self-storage facilities located in seven states across the United States. The properties were constructed between 2022-2023 and the mortgage loan is intended to bridge the portfolio’s financing through the remainder of the lease-up period to stabilized occupancy. The initial term of the mortgage loan is three years and provides for two one-year extension options, subject to the satisfaction of certain predefined conditions by the borrower. The total initial funding amount was $65.8 million. Through September 30, 2024, no additional amounts have been funded under the terms of this mortgage loan. Payments on the mortgage loan consist of interest only and a balloon payment at maturity.
On June 27, 2024, the Company originated a $20.0 million floating rate first mortgage loan collateralized by a 16-unit multifamily property located in the Tribeca neighborhood in Manhattan (New York), NY. The property completed a $5.5 million renovation in 2019. The initial term of
the mortgage loan is two years with three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions by the borrower. The mortgage loan was fully funded at closing. Monthly payments consist of interest only and a balloon payment at maturity.
On April 25, 2024, the Company invested in the UK Loan Participation, a £150.0 million (equivalent to $187.6 million using the GBP closing date exchange rate) participation in a £1.4B syndicated credit facility that was established to refinance a portfolio of 312 logistics assets totaling approximately 19 million square feet primarily located in last mile locations across the UK, in key UK logistics markets. The initial term of the underlying loan of the UK Loan Participation is two years and the loan also features three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions. The UK Loan Participation was fully funded at the closing of the acquisition and interest only payments are due on a quarterly basis with a balloon payment due at maturity.
On February 9, 2024, the Company originated a $93.8 million floating rate first mortgage loan collateralized by 620 apartments in two adjacent multifamily assets that are operated together as one property in Houston, TX. One asset was constructed in 2009 and the other was built in 2011. The initial term of the loan is two years and the loan also features three one-year extension options, subject to the satisfaction of certain predefined conditions by the borrower. The total loan commitment is $96.3 million reflecting plans for as much as $2.5 million of additional advances to the borrower subject to the satisfaction of certain predefined conditions. Through September 30, 2024, no additional amounts have been funded under the terms of this loan. Payments on the mortgage loan consist of interest only and a balloon payment at maturity.
On November 30, 2023, the Company originated a first mortgage and mezzanine loan collateralized by a 474-unit multifamily property which also features 83,000 square feet of ground floor retail space. The property is located in Hayward, CA, which is in the East Bay region of Northern California. The improvements were constructed in 2022 and the property is currently in the latter stage of the lease-up phase. The mortgage loan has floating rate first mortgage and mezzanine components. Principal in the amount of $160.0 million was funded at closing. The total loan commitment is $185.0 million. Consistent with the initial funding, 80% of any future funding amounts will be allocated to the first mortgage position and the remainder will be allocated to the mezzanine loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, $3.1 million of additional proceeds were funded to the borrower. The initial term of the loan is three years, with two one-year options, subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions of the borrower. Payments on the mortgage loan consist of interest only and a balloon payment at maturity.
Financing Activities
We finance the majority of our CRE loan portfolio through repurchase agreements. The table below summarizes our repurchase agreement borrowings as of September 30, 2024:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Description | Weighted Average Interest Rate(5) | Maximum Facility Size | | Available Capacity | | Debt Amount Outstanding | | Fair Value of Debt | | Fair Value of Collateral | | Current Maturity Date | Maximum Maturity Date |
Citibank Repurchase Agreement (1) | 7.44% | $ | 600,000 | | $ | 399,500 | | $ | 200,500 | | $ | 200,132 | | $ | 254,901 | | 6/21/2026 | 6/21/2029 |
MS International Repurchase Agreement (2) | 6.80% | | 200,625 | | | 40,125 | | | 160,500 | | | 160,163 | | | 198,879 | | 2/15/2029 | 2/15/2029 |
WF Repurchase Agreement (3) | 7.26% | | 250,000 | | | 52,058 | | | 197,942 | | | 196,866 | | | 264,260 | | 6/21/2026 | 6/21/2029 |
MS US Repurchase Agreement (4) | 7.09% | | 200,000 | | | 142,750 | | | 57,250 | | | 56,841 | | | 87,404 | | 7/25/2027 | 7/25/2029 |
| | $ | 1,250,625 | | $ | 634,433 | | $ | 616,192 | | $ | 614,002 | | $ | 805,444 | | | |
(1) On June 21, 2024, the Company entered into an amended Master Repurchase Agreement (as amended and together with the related transaction documents, the “Citibank Repurchase Agreement”) with Citibank, N.A. (“Citibank”) to finance the acquisition and origination by the Company of eligible loans as more particularly described in the Citibank Repurchase Agreement. As a result of the amendment, the Citibank Repurchase Agreement provides for asset purchases of up to $600.0 million (reflecting an increase from the previous $250.0 million limit) by Citibank. In addition, the initial maturity date of the Citibank Facility was extended to June 21, 2026 (from December 14, 2025) and the commencement dates of each of the three one-year extension option periods were rescheduled to the respective anniversary dates of the initial maturity date. The extensions are subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions including compliance with certain financial and administrative covenants, as well as payment of applicable extension fees. Interest is paid monthly. Recourse to the Company is limited to 25% of the then outstanding obligations of the special purpose (indirect) subsidiaries that are wholly-owned by the Company that borrow funds under the Citibank Repurchase Agreement
(2) On April 23, 2024, the Company entered into a Master Repurchase and Securities Contract Agreement (together with the related transaction documents, the “MS-International Repurchase Agreement”), with Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. (“Morgan Stanley”), to finance the acquisition and origination by the Company of eligible investment assets as more particularly described in the MS-International Repurchase Agreement. The borrowing facility is subject to one or more one-year extension options at the option of Morgan Stanley. The extensions are subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions including compliance with certain financial and administrative covenants. Interest is paid quarterly. Recourse to the Company is limited to 25% of the then outstanding obligations of the special purpose (indirect) subsidiaries that are wholly-owned by the Company that borrow funds under the MS-International Repurchase Agreement.
(3) On June 21, 2024, the Company entered into a Master Repurchase and Securities Contract Agreement (together with the related transaction documents, the “WF Repurchase Agreement”), with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”), to finance the acquisition and origination by the Company of eligible investment assets as more particularly described in the WF Repurchase Agreement. The initial maturity date is June 21, 2026. The borrowing facility has up to three one-year extension options. The extensions are subject to satisfaction of certain predefined conditions including compliance with certain financial and administrative covenants, as well as payment of applicable extension fees. Interest is paid monthly. Recourse to the Company is limited to 25% of the then outstanding obligations of the special purpose (indirect) subsidiaries that are wholly-owned by the Company that borrow funds under the WF Repurchase Agreement.
(4) On July 25, 2024, the Company entered into a Master Repurchase and Securities Contract Agreement (together with the related transaction documents, the “MS-US Repurchase Agreement”), with Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC (“MSMCH”), as administrative agent for Morgan Stanley, as a buyer, to finance the acquisition and origination by the Company of eligible investment assets as more particularly described in the MS-US Repurchase Agreement. The MS-US Repurchase Agreement provides for asset purchases by MSMCH on behalf of Morgan Stanley of up to $200.0 million with the ability to increase to $250.0 million as more particularly described therein (the “MS-US Facility”). The maturity date of the MS-US Facility is July 25, 2027, subject to a one (1) year extension at the Company’s option and, if such option is exercised, another one (1) year extension at the Company’s request subject to the consent of MSMCH, in each case, subject to satisfaction of certain customary conditions. Recourse to the Company is limited to 25% of the then outstanding obligations of the special purpose (indirect) subsidiaries that are wholly-owned by the Company that borrow funds under the MS-US Repurchase Agreement.
(5) Represents the weighted average interest rate as of period end. With the exception of MS-International Repurchase Agreement, borrowings under our repurchase agreements carry interest at one-month Term SOFR plus a spread. Borrowings under MS-International Repurchase Agreement carry interest based on the SONIA plus a spread.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet our cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund and maintain our assets and operations, make new investments where appropriate, pay distributions to our shareholders and other general business needs. We closely monitor our liquidity position and believe that we have sufficient current liquidity and access to additional liquidity to meet our financial obligations for at least the next 12 months.
Starwood Capital has agreed, from time to time, to purchase from the Company an aggregate amount of not less than $150.0 million in Class E shares, at a price per share equal to the Company’s most recently determined NAV of its Class E shares (the “Initial Capitalization”). Starwood Capital has agreed to hold all of the Class E shares it receives in connection with the Initial Capitalization until, (i) with respect to the Class E shares issued in respect of the initial $125.0 million of its commitment, the earlier of (a) the first date that the Company's NAV reaches $1.0 billion and (b) the second anniversary of the initial closing of our continuous private offering (December 1, 2025), (ii) with respect to the Class E shares issued in respect of Starwood Capital’s commitment in excess of $125.0 million, but not greater than $150.0 million, at least the second anniversary of the initial closing of our private offering (December 1, 2025) and (iii) with respect to any remaining Class E shares (representing purchases exceeding $150.0 million), at any time following the initial closing of our continuous private offering (December 1, 2023) (such date, the “Applicable Liquidity Date”). As of September 30, 2024, Starwood Capital has purchased $31.5 million in our Class E shares.
We expect to generate cash primarily from (i) the net proceeds of our continuous private offering, (ii) cash flows from our operations, (iii) existing borrowing facilities and any financing arrangements we may enter into in the future and (iv) any future offerings of our equity or debt securities.
Our primary uses of cash will be for (i) origination or acquisition of commercial mortgage loans and other commercial debt investments, CMBS and other commercial real estate-related debt investments, (ii) the cost of operations (including the Management Fee and Performance Fee), (iii) debt service of any borrowings, (iv) periodic repurchases, including under our share repurchase plan (as described herein), and (v) cash distributions to the holders of our shares to the extent declared by our board of trustees.
The Company will seek to enter into additional bank debt, credit facility, and / or other financing arrangements on at least customary and market terms; however, such incurrence will be subject to prevailing market conditions, the Company’s liquidity requirements, contractual and regulatory restrictions and other factors. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has established multiple loan repurchase facilities. The Company has pledged various loans as collateral and based on the value of the loans pledged as collateral and the maximum advanced rates attributed to each loan by the lender, is permitted to borrow as much as $28.0 million. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has $616.2 million in outstanding debt. Refer to Note 3- “Investment in Loans Receivable” and Note 4 - “Loans Payable” for further information.
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, the company had cash and cash equivalents of $2.8 million and $0.8 million and approved, but undrawn credit capacity, which is the amount the Company is permitted to borrow less the borrowings outstanding, of $28.0 million and $7.5 million. These amounts do not include $118.5 million of undrawn capacity under Starwood Capital's equity commitment which represents readily available liquidity as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Cash Flows
The following table provides a breakdown of the net change in our cash and cash equivalents (amounts in thousands):
| | | |
| | |
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 13,225 | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | (639,537 | ) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | 628,060 | |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | | 259 | |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | | 2,007 | |
Net cash provided by operating activities during the nine month period ending September 30, 2024 was $13.2 million and was primarily comprised of interest income and origination fees earned on the loans receivable during the period.
Net cash used in investing activities during the nine month period ending September 30, 2024 was $(639.5) million and was related to the loan origination and funding activity during the period.
Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine month period ending September 30, 2024 was $628.1 million and was related to the additional proceeds from and the repayment of loans payable and the proceeds from the continuous, blind pool private offering during the period.
NAV and NAV Per Share Calculation
For the purposes of the monthly NAV computations, our board of trustees, including a majority of our independent trustees, adopted valuation guidelines that contain a comprehensive set of methodologies used by the Advisor and our Independent Valuation Advisor. These guidelines are designed to produce a fair and accurate estimate of the price that would be received for our investments in an arm’s-length transaction between a willing buyer and a willing seller in possession of all material information about our investments. Periodically, our board of trustees, including a majority of our independent trustees, reviews the appropriateness of our valuation procedures. From time to time, our board of trustees, including a majority of our independent trustees, may adopt changes to the valuation guidelines if it (1) determines that such changes are likely to result in a more accurate reflection of NAV or a more efficient or less costly procedure for the determination of NAV without having a material adverse effect on the accuracy of such determination or (2) otherwise reasonably believes a change is appropriate for the determination of NAV. Refer to Item 7. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations” on our Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on the valuation methods used for the purposes of determining the valuations of our assets and liabilities, calculating related unrealized gains and losses and our monthly NAV.
With regard to the NAV calculations, the same fair values of assets and liabilities determined by the application of the methods cited above are generally used in monthly NAV calculations. To calculate our NAV for purposes of establishing a purchase and repurchase price for our common shares, we have adopted a model that calculates the fair values of our assets and liabilities in accordance with our valuation guidelines. Because these fair value calculations involve significant professional judgment in the application of both observable and unobservable inputs, the calculated fair value of our assets may differ from their actual realizable value or future fair value. While we believe our NAV calculation methodologies are consistent with standard industry practices, there is no rule or regulation that requires we calculate NAV in a certain way. As a result, other REITs may use different methodologies or assumptions to determine NAV. In addition, NAV is not a measure used under GAAP and the valuations of and certain adjustments made to our assets and liabilities used in the determination of NAV differ from GAAP. Shareholders should not consider NAV to be equivalent to shareholders' equity or any other GAAP measure. The calculation of our NAV is intended to be a calculation of the fair value of our assets less our outstanding liabilities as described below and will likely differ from the book value of our equity reflected in our financial statements. Each report prepared by the Independent Valuation Advisor is addressed solely to us. The Independent Valuation Advisor’s reports are not addressed to the public and may not be relied upon by any other person to establish value of the facilities that will be used in calculating NAV. Our board of trustees has delegated to the Advisor the responsibility for monitoring significant events that may materially affect the values of our facilities for determining whether the existing valuations should be re-evaluated prior to the next scheduled monthly valuation in light of such significant events.
Each share class has an undivided interest in our assets and liabilities, other than class-specific shareholder servicing fees, distributions payable, the Management Fee and the Performance Fee. In accordance with the valuation guidelines, our fund administrator calculates our NAV per share for each class as of the last calendar day of each month, including the estimated fair value of (1) real estate debt and other investments owned by us and (2) any other assets and liabilities. Because shareholder servicing fees, distributions payable, the Management Fee and the Performance Fee allocable to a specific class of shares are only included in the NAV calculation for that class, the NAV per share for our classes of shares may differ.
The monthly NAV for each class of shares is based on the net asset values of our investments, the addition of any other assets (such as cash on hand), and the deduction of any other liabilities (including distributions payable, accrued Management Fees, accrued Performance Fees and the deduction of any shareholder servicing fees specifically applicable to such class of shares). At the end of each month, before taking into consideration repurchases or class-specific expense accruals for that month, any change in our aggregate NAV (whether an increase or decrease) is allocated among each class of shares based on each class’s relative percentage of the previous aggregate NAV plus issuances of shares that were effective on the first calendar day of such month. The NAV calculation is available generally within 15 calendar days after the end of the applicable month. Changes in monthly NAV includes, without limitation, accruals of our net portfolio income, interest expense, the Management Fee, the Performance Fee, distributions, unrealized/realized gains and losses on assets, any applicable organization and offering expenses and any expense reimbursements. Changes in monthly NAV also include material non-recurring events occurring during the month. On an ongoing basis, the Advisor adjusts the accruals to reflect actual operating results and the outstanding receivable, payable and other account balances resulting from the accumulation of monthly accruals for which financial information is available. The operating expenses and organizational and offering expenses which are advanced by the Advisor to be reimbursed by us will not be included in such calculations until reimbursed to the Advisor.
For purposes of calculating our NAV, the organization expenses, offering costs and certain operating expenses paid by the Advisor through the first anniversary of the initial closing of our private offering are not deducted as an expense until reimbursed by the Company (however such expenses may be amortized in order to mitigate these effects). Commencing on January 1, 2026, we will reimburse the Advisor for any organization expenses, offering costs and operating expenses that it incurs on behalf of us as and when incurred (or promptly thereafter).
Following the aggregation of the net asset values of our investments, the addition of any other assets (such as cash on hand) and the deduction of any other liabilities, our fund administrator incorporates any class-specific adjustments to NAV, including additional issuances and repurchases of shares and accruals of class-specific distributions, Management Fees, Performance Fees and shareholder servicing fees. The declaration of distributions will reduce the NAV for each class of shares in amounts equal to the accrued liabilities to pay any such distributions to the shareholders of record of each class. NAV per share for each class of shares is calculated by dividing such class’s NAV at the end of each month by the number of shares outstanding for that class at the end of such month.
The following table provides a breakdown of the major components of our total NAV as of September 30, 2024 (amounts in thousands, except for share amount):
| | | |
September 30, 2024 | Amounts | |
Loans receivable, at fair value | $ | 805,444 | |
Cash and cash equivalents - unrestricted | | 2,784 | |
Other assets(1) | | 5,583 | |
Loans payable, at fair value | | (614,002 | ) |
Other liabilities | | (4,979 | ) |
Distributions payable | | (1,174 | ) |
Due to advisor (Management and Performance Fees) | | (725 | ) |
Accrued shareholder servicing fees(2) | | (65 | ) |
Net asset value | $ | 192,866 | |
Number of outstanding shares (all classes) | | 9,589,560 | |
(1) Other assets represents accrued interest receivable and unamortized debt facility costs. In accordance with the fair value option under U.S. GAAP, direct costs incurred in the establishment of debt facilities are expensed at the time the facilities are established. For purposes of NAV, these costs are capitalized and amortized over the initial term of the debt facility, therefore included in the above amount.
(2) Under U.S. GAAP, we accrued an estimate of the full cost of the shareholder servicing fees over the life of each share as an offering cost at the time of sale of each Class T, Class S and Class D share. For purposes of NAV, the shareholder servicing fees are recognized as a reduction of NAV on a monthly basis.
The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP shareholders’ equity and redeemable common shares per our condensed consolidated balance sheet to our NAV as of September 30, 2024 (amounts in thousands):
| | | |
September 30, 2024 | Amounts | |
Shareholders' equity and redeemable common shares | $ | 179,178 | |
Adjustments: | | |
Organization expenses and offering costs advanced by Advisor (1) | | 2,998 | |
Operating expenses advanced by Advisor (2) | | 2,365 | |
Accrued shareholder service fee (3) | | 6,807 | |
Unamortized debt facility costs (4) | | 1,518 | |
NAV | $ | 192,866 | |
(1) This represents the unamortized amount of organization expenses and offering costs advanced by the Advisor. The Advisor had agreed to advance organization and offering expenses on behalf of the Company (including legal, accounting, and other expenses attributable to the organization, but excluding upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and shareholder servicing fees) through the first anniversary of the date of the initial closing of the continuous private offering. Pursuant to the Amendment, the Company will reimburse the Advisor for all such advanced expenses ratably over the 60 months commencing on January 1, 2026. Organization and offering expenses incurred after the first anniversary of the initial closing of our private offering will be paid by the Company as incurred.
(2) This represents the unamortized amount of operating expenses advanced by the Advisor. The Advisor has agreed to advance certain of the Company’s operating expenses through the first anniversary of the initial closing of the continuous private offering (December 1, 2024). Pursuant to the Amendment, the Company will reimburse the Advisor for such advanced expenses ratably over the 60 months commencing on January 1, 2026. Operating expenses incurred after the first anniversary of the initial closing of our private offering will be paid by the Company and deducted as an expense for NAV as incurred.
(3) Under U.S. GAAP, an estimate of the full cost of the shareholder servicing fees over the life of each share is accrued as an offering cost at the time of sale of the Class T, Class S and Class D shares. For purposes of NAV, we recognize the shareholder servicing fee as a reduction of NAV on a monthly basis.
(4) In accordance with the fair value option under U.S. GAAP, direct costs incurred in the establishment of debt facilities are expensed at the time the facilities are established. For purposes of NAV, these costs are capitalized and amortized over the initial term of the debt facility.
The following table provides a breakdown of our total NAV and NAV per share by class as of September 30, 2024 (amounts in thousands, except for per share amount):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
September 30, 2024 | Class S Common Shares | | Class I Common Shares | | Class E Common Shares | | Total | |
Net asset value | $ | 93,159 | | $ | 66,318 | | $ | 33,389 | | $ | 192,866 | |
Number of outstanding shares | | 4,645 | | | 3,310 | | | 1,635 | | | 9,590 | |
NAV per share | $ | 20.06 | | $ | 20.04 | | $ | 20.42 | | $ | 20.11 | |
Distributions
Any distributions we make will be at the discretion of our board of trustees, considering factors such as our earnings, cash flow, capital needs and general financial condition. As a result, our distribution rates and payment frequency may vary from time to time. Shareholders are not entitled to receive a distribution on shares that are repurchased prior to the applicable time of the record date.
Our board of trustees’ discretion as to the payment of distributions will be directed, in substantial part, by its determination to cause us to comply with the REIT requirements. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we generally are required to make aggregate annual distributions to our shareholders of at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the distributions-paid deduction and excluding net capital gains.
Beginning December 29, 2023, we have declared monthly distributions for each class of common shares then-outstanding, which are generally paid three days after month-end. Each class of our common stock received the same gross distribution per share, which was $0.1292 per share for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The net distribution rates per share vary for each class based on the applicable shareholder servicing fee, which is deducted from the gross distribution per share and paid to the Dealer Manager. The table below details the net distribution for each of our share classes for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:
| | | | | | | | | |
Record Date | Class S Common Shares | | Class I Common Shares | | Class E Common Shares | |
January 31, 2024 | $ | 0.1148 | | $ | 0.1292 | | $ | 0.1292 | |
February 29, 2024 | | 0.1157 | | | 0.1292 | | | 0.1292 | |
March 31, 2024 | | 0.1148 | | | 0.1292 | | | 0.1292 | |
April 30, 2024 | | 0.1152 | | | 0.1292 | | | 0.1292 | |
May 31, 2024 | | 0.1148 | | | 0.1292 | | | 0.1292 | |
June 30, 2024 | | 0.1152 | | | 0.1292 | | | 0.1292 | |
July 31,2024 | | 0.1148 | | | 0.1292 | | | 0.1292 | |
August 30, 2024 | | 0.1148 | | | 0.1292 | | | 0.1292 | |
September 30, 2024 | | 0.1152 | | | 0.1292 | | | 0.1292 | |
Totals | $ | 1.0353 | | $ | 1.1628 | | $ | 1.1628 | |
The following table summarizes our distributions declared during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 (in thousands):
| | | | | | |
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 | |
| Amount | | % | |
Distributions | | | | |
Payable in cash | $ | 4,015 | | | 54.6 | % |
Reinvested in shares | | 3,345 | | | 45.4 | % |
Total distributions | $ | 7,360 | | | 100 | % |
| | | | |
Sources of Distributions | | | | |
Cash flows from operating activities | $ | 4,015 | | | 100.0 | % |
Offering proceeds | | - | | | 0.0 | % |
Total sources of distributions | $ | 4,015 | | | 100 | % |
| | | | |
Total cash flows from operating activities | $ | 13,225 | | | |
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of the financial statements in accordance with GAAP involves significant judgments and assumptions and requires estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. There have been no material changes to our Critical Accounting Estimates, including significant accounting policies that we believe are the most affect by our judgment, estimates and assumptions, which are described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Recent Accounting Developments
Refer to Note 2 — “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the financial statements for a discussion of recent accounting developments and the expected impact to the Company.
Subsequent Events
Deferral of Reimbursement to Advisor and Temporary Waiver of Management Fees
On October 16, 2024, the Board of Trustees approved Amendment No. 1 to the Advisory Agreement (“Amendment”), which amends the provisions of the Advisory Agreement related to the waiver of the management fee and reimbursement by the Company to the Advisory of the Company’s organization and offering expenses and certain of the Company’s operating expenses advanced by the Advisor (the “Advanced Expenses”). Pursuant to the Amendment, the Advisor agreed to (i) be reimbursed by the Company for the Advanced Expenses in 60 equal monthly installments commencing January 1, 2026, (ii) an additional waiver of its management fee beginning on January 1, 2025 and continuing until the earlier of (x) July 1, 2026 and (y) the six months following the month in which the Company’s cumulative gross proceeds generated from sales of Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares (excluding proceeds from (i) Distribution Reinvestment Plan and (ii) any investment from Strategic Investors (as defined in the Amendment)) exceeds $300,000,000 (measured from and including subscriptions in January 2025).
Private Offering
Subsequent to September 30, 2024 through the filing date of November 12, 2024, the Company issued the following shares (in thousands, except for share amounts):
| | | | | | |
| Shares | | Gross Proceeds | |
Class S Common Shares | | 227,662 | | | 4,645 | |
Class I Common Shares | | 183,039 | | | 3,668 | |
Class E Common Shares | | - | | | - | |
Total | | 410,701 | | $ | 8,313 | |
Subsequent to September 30, 2024 through the filing date of November 12, 2024, the Company also issued the following shares under the DRIP (in thousands, except for share amounts):
| | | | | | |
| Shares | | Gross Proceeds | |
Class S Common Shares | | 35,097 | | $ | 704 | |
Class I Common Shares | | 22,522 | | | 451 | |
Class E Common Shares | | 209 | | | 4 | |
Total | | 57,828 | | $ | 1,159 | |
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The primary components of our market risk are expected to relate to interest rates, credit spreads, credit, credit market values, liquidity and foreign currency exchange rates. While we do not seek to avoid risk completely, we believe that risk can be quantified from historical experience, and we seek to actively manage that risk, to earn sufficient compensation to justify taking those risks and to maintain capital levels consistent with the risks we undertake.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental, monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations, and other factors beyond our control. Our interest income, net of interest expense (“net interest income”) is expected to be exposed to interest rate volatility primarily as a result of the floating rate nature of the investments we plan to hold and the financing we plan to place on them. Additionally, we may use company-level facilities featuring floating interest rates for liquidity and working capital purposes. Furthermore, we may make investments in fixed and floating rate debt securities and the value of our positions may increase or decrease depending on interest rate movements. Finally, interest rate changes may impact the demand for loans and the availability of financing needed to expand our investment portfolio.
A rise in the general level of interest rates can be expected to lead to higher debt service payment requirements relative to any variable rate investments we hold and to declines in the value of any fixed rate investments we may hold. Rising interest rates carry default risk to our borrowers, because cash flows from underlying properties may fall below the debt service payments due to us on the investments, triggering borrower liquidity covenants. Therefore, we expect to protect property cash flows by requiring borrowers to purchase interest rate caps, which provides a hedge against rising interest rates, whereby the borrower will receive excess cash if interest rates exceed predetermined strike prices. Furthermore, rising interest rates also cause our overall cost of borrowing to increase, partially or fully, offsetting any increase in elevated debt service payments received on our variable rate investments. In general, we will seek to match the interest rate characteristics of our investments with the interest rate characteristics of any related financing obligations. In instances where the interest rate characteristics of an investment and the related financing obligation are not matched, we may mitigate such interest rate risk through the utilization of interest rate derivatives of the same duration. Given our target leverage ratios, an increase in interest rates may result in an increase in our net investment income and the amount of the Performance Fee payable to the Advisor.
A decline in interest rates can be expected to lead to lower debt service payments received from any variable rate investments we may hold, decreases in the interest income earned on any floating rate investments we hold, and increases in the value of any fixed rate investments we hold. To mitigate the impact of reduced earnings as a result of declining interest rates, we expect to structure interest rate floors into loans where the borrower will be required to pay minimum interest payments should interest rates fall below a predetermined rate. Additionally, reduced interest rates also cause our overall cost of borrowings to decrease. Because our borrowings do not typically feature interest rate floors, but our variable rate investments feature minimum interest payments due to us, declining interest rates may result in an increase to the Company’s net interest income and an increase in the amount of the Performance Fee payable to the Advisor.
The net interest income sensitivity analysis table presented below shows the estimated impact over a twelve-month period of an instantaneous parallel shift in the yield curve, up and down by 100 basis points, on our net interest income, assuming no changes in the composition of our commercial real estate loan investment portfolio and our outstanding borrowings in effect as of September 30, 2024.
The estimated impacted on net interest income is as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):
| | | | | | |
Change in Interest Rates | | Projected Increase (Decrease) in Net Interest Income | | | Percentage Change in Projected Net Interest Income |
+1.00% | | $ | 584 | | | 4.79% |
-1.00% | | $ | (439 | ) | | -3.60% |
Credit Spread Risk
Credit spread risk is the risk that interest rate spreads between two different financial instruments will change. In general, U.S. fixed-rate commercial mortgage loans and CMBS are priced based on a spread to U.S. Treasury securities or interest rate swaps. We will generally expect to benefit if credit spreads narrow during the time that we hold a portfolio of mortgage loans, CMBS and/or CLO investments, and we may experience losses if credit spreads widen during the time that we hold a portfolio of mortgage loans, CMBS and/or CLO investments. We will actively monitor our exposure to changes in credit spreads and we may enter into credit total return swaps or take positions in other credit-related derivative instruments to moderate our exposure to losses associated with a widening of credit spreads.
Credit Risk
We are exposed to credit risk in our investments with respect to a borrower’s ability to make required debt service payments to us and repay the unpaid principal balance in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement. We expect to manage this risk by conducting a credit analysis prior to making an investment and by actively monitoring our portfolio and the underlying credit quality, including subordination and diversification, of our investments on an ongoing basis. In addition, we intend to re-evaluate the credit risk inherent in our investments on a regular basis taking into consideration a number of fundamental macro-economic factors such as gross domestic product, unemployment, interest rates, capital markets activity, retail sales, store closing/openings, corporate earnings, housing inventory, affordability and regional home price trends.
We are exposed to credit risk with respect to the tenants that occupy properties that serve as collateral to our investments. To mitigate this risk, we seek to avoid large single tenant exposures and we undertake a credit evaluation of major tenants prior to making a loan. This analysis includes extensive due diligence of a potential tenant’s creditworthiness and business, as well as an assessment of the strategic importance of the property to the tenant’s core business operations.
Finally, we may be exposed to counterparty credit risk under the terms of a derivative contract. If the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty will owe us, which creates credit risk for us. If the fair value of a derivative contract is negative, we will owe the counterparty and, therefore, do not have credit risk. We may seek to mitigate the credit risk associated with derivative instruments by entering into transactions with high-quality counterparties.
Market Value Risks
We may also be exposed to market value risk with respect to the fair value of our investments, including debt securities, and borrowings due to changes in market conditions, including credit spreads, interest rates, property cash flows, and commercial property values that serve as collateral. We seek to manage our exposure to market risk by originating or acquiring investments secured by different property types located in diverse, but liquid markets with stable credit ratings. The fair value of our investments may fluctuate, therefore the amount we will realize upon any repayment, sale, or an alternative liquidation event is unknown.
Commercial property values are subject to volatility and may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including national, regional and local economic conditions; local real estate conditions; changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; and retroactive changes to building or similar codes and/or tax and legal considerations. Changes in commercial property values are difficult to predict with accuracy. We model a range of valuation scenarios and the resulting impacts on our investments.
Liquidity Risk
Market disruptions may lead to a significant decline in transaction activity in all or a significant portion of the asset classes in which we intend to invest and may at the same time lead to a significant contraction in short-term and long-term debt and equity funding sources. A decline in liquidity of real estate and real estate-related investments, as well as a lack of availability of observable transaction data and inputs, may make it more difficult to sell our investments or determine their fair values. As a result, we may be unable to sell investments, or only be able to sell investments at a price that may be materially different from the fair values presented. Also, in such conditions, there is no guarantee that the Company’s borrowing arrangements or other arrangements for obtaining leverage will continue to be available or, if available, will be available on terms and conditions acceptable to us. In addition, a decline in market value of our assets may have particular adverse consequences in instances where we borrowed money based on the fair value of our assets. A decrease in the market value of our assets may result in the lender requiring us to post additional collateral or otherwise sell assets at a time when it may not be in our best interest to do so.
Foreign Currency Risk
Our loans and investments that are denominated in a foreign currency are also subject to risks related to fluctuations in exchange rates. Over the term of our investments, we generally expect to mitigate this exposure by matching the currency of our foreign currency assets to the currency of the borrowings that finance those assets. In addition, we expect to typically enter into a series of foreign currency forward contracts to fix the U.S. dollar amount of foreign currency-denominated cash flows (interest income, principal payments and net sales proceeds after the repayment of debt) we expect to receive from our foreign currency denominated investments.
Although we expect to substantially reduce our exposure to changes in net investment income and portfolio value related to changes in foreign exchange rates, our currency hedging strategies may not eliminate all of our currency risk due to, among other things, uncertainties in the timing and/or amounts of payments received on the related investments, and/or unequal, inaccurate, or unavailable hedges to perfectly offset changes in future exchange rates. Additionally, we may be required under certain circumstances to collateralize our currency hedges for the benefit of the hedge counterparty, which could adversely affect our liquidity.
Consistent with our strategy of hedging foreign currency exposure on certain investments, we typically enter into a series of forwards to fix the U.S. dollar value of foreign currency denominated cash flows (interest income and principal payments) we expect to receive from our foreign currency denominated investments. Accordingly, the notional values and expiration dates of our foreign currency hedges approximate the amounts and timing of future payments we expect to receive on the related investments.
The following table represents our assets and liabilities that are denominated in Pounds Sterling (“GBP”), as well as our expected future net interest receipts (amounts in thousands):
| | | |
| September 30, 2024 | |
| GBP | |
Foreign currency assets | £ | 148,694 | |
Foreign currency liabilities | | (119,748 | ) |
Foreign currency contracts - notional, net(1) | | (31,875 | ) |
Expected future net interest cash flows | | 1,875 | |
Net exposure to exchange rate fluctuations | | (1,054 | ) |
Net exposure to exchange rate fluctuations in USD (2) | $ | (1,410 | ) |
(1) Includes derivative hedging instruments used to mitigate risk related to the impact on GBP-denominated interest income and interest expense. As of September 30, 2024, the total projected net amount of GBP-denominated interest income and expense cash flows addressed by these instruments is £1.9 million.
(2) Represents the U.S. dollar equivalent using the GBP closing rate of 1.3375 as of September 30, 2024.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was made under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”). Based upon this evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (a) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC rules and forms and (b) include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be involved in various claims and legal actions in the ordinary course of business. As of September 30, 2024, we were not subject to any material legal proceedings.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
For information regarding factors that could affect our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, see the risk factors discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC. There have been no material changes from the risk factors set forth in Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
We are engaging in a continuous, unlimited private placement offering of our common shares to “accredited investors” (as defined in Rule 501 promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act) made pursuant to exemptions provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws. Shares granted to trustees are not included within these amounts, as they are currently unvested. These shares have been issued and sold in reliance upon the available exemption from registration requirements of the 1933 Act under Section 4(a)(2) thereof and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
The below table details the common shares sold in the offering (primary and distribution reinvestment plan) during the three month period ending September 30, 2024 (amounts in thousands except share amounts):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Date Shares Sold | Number of Common Shares Sold | | Aggregate Consideration | |
| Class S Common Shares | | Class I Common Shares | | Class E Common Shares | | | |
July 1, 2024(1) | | 278,213 | | | 207,761 | | | 103 | | | 9,810 | |
August 1, 2024(2) | | 326,962 | | | 199,135 | | | 103 | | | 10,639 | |
September 2, 2024(3) | | 209,058 | | | 173,130 | | | 104 | | | 7,711 | |
Total | | 814,233 | | | 580,026 | | | 310 | | $ 28,160(4) | |
(1) Includes 13,555 Class S shares, 9,966 Class I shares and 103 Class E shares issued on July 1, 2024, pursuant to the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan.
(2) Includes 14,921 Class S shares, 10,726 Class I shares and 103 Class E shares issued on August 1, 2024, pursuant to the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan.
(3) Includes 16,253 Class S shares, 10,987 Class I shares and 104 Class E shares issued on September 2, 2024, pursuant to the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan.
(4) Includes upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees for Class S Common Shares of $0.2 million.
Share Repurchase Plan
On November 10, 2023, our board of trustees adopted a share repurchase plan, whereby shareholders may request on a quarterly basis that we repurchase all or any portion of their shares. We commenced our share repurchase plan with the calendar quarter ended March 31, 2024, which was the first full calendar quarter following the initial closing of the continuous private offering. We may choose to repurchase all, some or none of the shares that have been requested to be repurchased at the end of any particular calendar quarter, in our discretion, subject to any limitations in the share repurchase plan.
Under our share repurchase plan, to the extent we choose to repurchase shares in any particular calendar quarter, we will only repurchase shares following the close of business as of the last calendar day of that calendar quarter (each such date, a “Repurchase Date”). Shares are repurchased at a price equal to the transaction price on the applicable Repurchase Date, except that shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year will be repurchased at 95% of the transaction price. This Early Repurchase Deduction does not apply to shares acquired through the DRIP.
The aggregate NAV of total repurchases of Class T, Class S, Class D, Class I and Class E common shares (including repurchases at certain non-U.S. investor access funds primarily created to hold our shares and excluding any Early Repurchase Deduction) under our share repurchase plan is limited to no more than 5% of the aggregate NAV per calendar quarter (measured using the aggregate NAV as of the end of the immediately preceding month). Shares issued to the Advisor pursuant to the Advisory Agreement will not be subject to these repurchase limitations.
In the event that we determine to repurchase some but not all of the shares submitted for repurchase during any calendar quarter under our share repurchase plan, shares repurchased at the end of the calendar quarter will be repurchased on a pro rata basis. All unsatisfied repurchase requests must be resubmitted after the start of the next calendar quarter, or upon the recommencement of the share repurchase plan, as applicable.
Under our share repurchase plan, our board of trustees may amend, suspend or terminate our share repurchase plan at any time if it deems such action to be in our best interest. As a result, share repurchases may not be available each calendar quarter. We may fund repurchase requests from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of or repayment under our assets, borrowings or offering proceeds, and we have no limits on the amounts we may pay from such sources. Should repurchase requests, in our judgment, place an undue burden on our liquidity, adversely affect our operations or risk having an adverse impact on the Company as a whole, or should we otherwise determine that investing our liquid assets in real estate or other investments rather than repurchasing our shares is in the best interests of the Company as a whole, then we may choose to repurchase fewer shares than have been requested to be repurchased, or none at all. Further, our board of trustees may make exceptions to, modify or suspend our share repurchase plan if it deems in its reasonable judgment such action to be in our best interest.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2024, no common shares were repurchased pursuant to the Company’s share repurchase plan.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure
None.
Item 5. Other Information
On November 8, 2024, Marc A. Fox notified the Company of his resignation as Chief Financial Officer of the Company, effective November 22, 2024. Mr. Fox’s resignation was not due to any disagreement with the Company, the Advisor, or any of their affiliates.
On November 12, 2024, the Board of Trustees of the Company elected Joseph Nieto to serve as the Company’s interim Chief Financial Officer, effective November 22, 2024. The appointment of Mr. Nieto was not made pursuant to any arrangement or understanding between him and any other person. There are no family relationships between Mr. Nieto and any director or executive officer of the Company and there are no transactions between Mr. Nieto and the Company that would be required to be reported under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K.
Biographical information for Mr. Nieto is set forth below.
Joseph Nieto, 55, has served as our interim Chief Financial Officer since November 2024. Mr. Nieto has also served as a Managing Director for Starwood Capital and as the Global Business Controller of Starwood Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. since January 2020 and was the Operational Controller of Starwood Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. from November 2017 to January 2020. Prior to joining Starwood Capital in November 2017, Mr. Nieto held various senior financial roles with GE Capital across Energy Financial Services, Commercial Real Estate and Capital Headquarters spanning 13 years. Before joining GE Capital, Mr. Nieto held other various Senior Controller roles, where he was responsible for operational accounting, finance, controls and technical accounting. Mr. Nieto began his career at a boutique accounting firm in New York, where he was an audit manager. Mr. Nieto received a B.S. in accounting and an M.B.A in financial management from Pace University. He is also a certified public accountant (inactive).
In connection with Mr. Nieto’s appointment as an executive officer, the Company will enter into an indemnification agreement (the “Indemnification Agreement”) with Mr. Nieto (the “Indemnitee”). The Company previously entered into substantially identical indemnification agreements with its other trustees and officers. The Indemnification Agreement provides that, subject to certain limitations set forth therein, the Company will indemnify the Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law and the Company’s Declaration of Trust, for amounts incurred as a result of the Indemnitee’s service in his role as an executive officer of the Company or in other roles as the Company may require from time to time. The Indemnification Agreement further provides that, subject to the limitations set forth therein, the Company will advance all reasonable expenses to the Indemnitee in connection with proceedings covered by the Indemnification Agreement.
Subject to certain limitations set forth therein, the Indemnification Agreement places limitations on the indemnification of the Indemnitee to the extent the Indemnitee is found to have acted in bad faith or with active and deliberate dishonesty and such actions were material to the matter that caused the loss to the Company. The Indemnification Agreement also provides that, except for a proceeding brought by the Indemnitee and certain proceedings involving separate defenses, counterclaims or other conflicts of interest, the Company has the right to defend the Indemnitee in any proceeding which may give rise to indemnification under the Indemnification Agreement.
The description of the Indemnification Agreement in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is a summary and is qualified in its entirety by the full terms of the Indemnification Agreement, a form of which is filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, Commission File No. 000-56577, filed on September 29, 2023.
Item 6. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a)List of documents filed:
(1)The Financial Statements of the Company. (See Item 1 above.)
| | |
Exhibit Number |
| Exhibit Description |
3.1 | | Certificate of Trust of the Company, dated June 28, 2023 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on August 3, 2023 and incorporated by reference herein) |
3.2 |
| Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of the Company, dated December 1, 2023 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2023 and incorporated by reference herein) |
3.3 |
| Bylaws of the Company, dated December 1, 2023 (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2023 and incorporated by reference herein) |
10.1 | | Master Repurchase and Securities Contract Agreement, dated July 25, 2024, by and among SCREDIT Mortgage Funding Sub-3, LLC, as Seller, SCREDIT Mortgage Funding Sub-3-T, LLC, as Seller, and Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, as Administrative Agent for Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., as a Buyer (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2024, and incorporated by reference herein) |
10.2 | | Guaranty Agreement, dated July 25, 2024, made by Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust in favor of Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, as Administrative Agent on behalf of Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., as a Buyer (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2024, and incorporated by reference herein) |
10.3 | | Amendment No. 1 to the Advisory Agreement, dated October 16, 2024, by and between Starwood Credit Real Estate Income Trust and Starwood Credit Advisors, L.L.C. (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 18, 2024 and incorporated by reference herein) |
31.1* |
| Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
31.2* |
| Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
32.1** |
| Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
32.2** |
| Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
101 |
| The following information from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, formatted in inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Redeemable Common Shares and Shareholders' Equity; and (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows |
104 |
| Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |
* Filed herewith
** Furnished herewith
The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| | |
| STARWOOD CREDIT REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST |
Date: November 12, 2024 |
| |
| By: /s/ Dennis G. Schuh | |
| Name: Dennis G. Schuh |
| Title: Chief Executive Officer and President |
| (Principal Executive Officer) |
| | |
| | |
Date: November 12, 2024 | By:/s/ Marc A. Fox | |
| Name: Marc A. Fox |
| Title: Chief Financial Officer |
| (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |