N-2
N-2 | Sep. 19, 2024 USD ($) shares | |
Cover [Abstract] | ||
Entity Central Index Key | 0001988855 | |
Amendment Flag | false | |
Document Type | 424B3 | |
Entity Registrant Name | Manulife Private Credit Plus Fund | |
Fee Table [Abstract] | ||
Shareholder Transaction Expenses [Table Text Block] | Shareholder Transaction Expenses Class I Shares Class S Shares Class D Shares Sales Load on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) 1 None 3.50 % 1.50 % (1) Class S and Class D Share investments may be subject to a maximum sales charge of 3.50% and 1.50%, respectively. Such a sales load will not form part of an investor’s investment in the fund. Any sales load will reduce the amount of an investor’s initial or subsequent investment in the fund, and the impact on a particular investor’s investment returns would not be reflected in the returns of the fund. The sales load may be waived in certain circumstances as described in this Prospectus or as otherwise approved by the Advisor. | |
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | ||
Annual Expenses [Table Text Block] | Annual Expenses Management Fee 1.25 % 1.25 % 1.25 % Distribution and Service Fee 2 0.00 % 0.85 % 0.25 % Other Expenses 3 1.03 % 1.03 % 1.03 % Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses 4 1.49 % 1.49 % 1.49 % Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 3.77 % 4.62 % 4.02 % Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursements 5 -1.54 % -1.54 % -1.54 % Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursements 2.23 % 3.08 % 2.48 % (2) In connection with Class S Shares of the Fund, the Fund pays a Distribution and Service Fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate value of the Fund’s Class S Shares outstanding and in connection with Class D Shares of the Fund, the Fund pays a Distribution and Service Fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate value of the Fund’s Class D shares, determined as of the last calendar day of each month (prior to any repurchases of Shares and prior to the Management Fee being calculated). The Distribution and Service Fee is payable quarterly. The Distributor may pay all or a portion of the Distribution and Service Fee to the broker-dealers that sell Shares of the Fund or provide investor services and/or administrative assistance to Shareholders. See “Distribution and Service Fee” below. (3) “Other Expenses” are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. Other Expenses include the fund’s operating expenses, including professional fees, transfer agency fees, administration fees, custody fees, offering costs and other operating expenses. (4) “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses” are based on indirect net expenses associated with the fund’s investments in underlying investment companies. (5) The Advisor contractually agrees to reduce its Management Fee for the fund or, if necessary, make payment to the fund, in an amount equal to the amount by which “Other Fund Level Expenses” of the fund incurred in the ordinary course of the fund’s business, exceed 0.50% of monthly net assets of the fund. “Other Fund Level Expenses” means all the expenses of the fund, excluding: (a) the Advisor’s Management Fee; (b) interest expenses; (c) taxes, (d) portfolio brokerage commissions; (e) litigation and indemnification expenses and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the business of the fund; (f) Rule 12b-1 | |
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||
Expense Example [Table Text Block] | EXAMPLE The following example illustrates the expenses that you would pay on a $1,000 investment in Shares, for the time periods indicated and then redeem or hold all of your Shares at the end of those periods. This example assumes a 5% average annual return and that fund expenses will not change over the periods. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:* Cumulative Expenses Paid for the Period of: Expenses ($) Class I Class S Class D Year 1 23 65 40 Year 3 101 156 122 Year 5 181 248 205 Year 10 391 481 422 The example should not be considered a representation of future expenses. Actual expenses may be higher or lower. * The example assumes that the total annual fund operating expenses (excluding any sales loads on reinvested dividends, fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements) set forth in the Annual Expenses table above are as shown and remain the same for each year, and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The expenses used to calculate the fund’s examples do not include fee waivers or expense reimbursements. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those assumed. Moreover, the fund’s actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example. | |
Purpose of Fee Table , Note [Text Block] | The purpose of the table below is to help you understand all fees and expenses that you, as a Shareholder, would bear directly or indirectly. In accordance with SEC requirements, the table below shows the fund’s expenses as a percentage of approximately $60,406,198 in net assets, as of December 31, 2023, and not as a percentage of total assets. By showing expenses as a percentage of net assets, expenses are not expressed as a percentage of all of the assets in which the fund invests. | |
Basis of Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block] | as a percentage of offering price | |
Other Expenses, Note [Text Block] | “Other Expenses” are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. Other Expenses include the fund’s operating expenses, including professional fees, transfer agency fees, administration fees, custody fees, offering costs and other operating expenses. | |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, Note [Text Block] | “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses” are based on indirect net expenses associated with the fund’s investments in underlying investment companies. | |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Investment Objectives and Practices [Text Block] | Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies Investment Objective The fund’s investment objective is to seek income and, to a lesser extent, capital appreciation. There can be no assurance that the fund will achieve its investment objective. The Board of Trustees of the fund (the “Board”) may change the investment objective of the fund without Shareholder approval. Investment Strategies The fund operates as a fund of funds and, under normal market conditions, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in private credit investments (“Private Credit Investments”). Private Credit Investments include: (i) Senior Loans (as defined below); (ii) Asset-Based Lending Investments (as defined below); and (iii) Credit Investments (as defined below). Under normal market conditions, the fund intends to invest in the following categories, subject to the following ranges: • 50% to 70% of its net assets in Senior Loans; • 20% to 40% of its net assets in Asset-Based Lending Investments and/or Credit Investments; and • 0% to 20% of its net assets in liquid investments including, but not limited to, publicly traded debt instruments (broadly syndicated loans, high yield bonds, convertible securities and notes), money market funds and other short-term bond funds and U.S. Treasury securities (“Liquid Investments”). Although variations outside of these ranges are generally not anticipated, the Subadvisor may, during the fund’s initial “ramp up” period and under certain market or economic conditions, deviate from these percentage allocations. There is no limit on the range of maturities and credit quality of securities in which the fund and Underlying Funds (as defined below) may invest. Such securities may include below-investment grade securities. In response to adverse market, economic or political conditions, the fund may invest in high-quality fixed income securities, money market instruments and money market funds or may hold significant positions in cash or cash equivalents for defensive purposes. The fund’s investment strategy may be implemented both directly by investing in Private Credit Investments and indirectly by investing in affiliated and unaffiliated underlying funds, including, but not limited to, closed-end The investment performance of the fund will reflect both the Subadvisor’s allocation decisions with respect to the Underlying Funds as well as the investment decisions made by the Underlying Funds’ managers and the performance of direct investments selected by the Subadvisor. The Subadvisor considers environmental, social, and/or governance (“ESG”) factors, alongside other relevant factors, as part of its investment process. ESG factors may include, but are not limited to, matters regarding board diversity, climate change policies, and supply chain and human rights policies. The ESG characteristics utilized in the fund’s investment process may change over time and one or more characteristics may not be relevant with respect to all issuers that are eligible fund investments. Senior Loans Senior Loans are investments, made either directly by the fund or through Underlying Funds, in directly originated first and second lien term loans, delayed draw term loans, revolving credit facilities, and club deals. The fund or an Underlying Fund may also make investments and acquire securities in connection with Senior Loans, including equity co-investments. co-investments indirect parent company of the borrower. Senior Loans do not include commercial mortgage loans (including subordinated real estate mezzanine financing). The Subadvisor or the manager of an Underlying Fund typically expects to employ a buy-and-hold The fund or an Underlying Fund may invest in loans secured by substantially all of the assets of the borrower and the other loan parties (subject to customary exceptions), including a pledge of the equity of the borrower and its subsidiaries. While real property is not a primary source of collateral, occasionally mortgages are part of the collateral package if the borrower owns particularly valuable real property. The fund or an Underlying Fund may also invest in subordinated debt obligations to the extent permitted by the fund’s or an Underlying Fund’s investment restrictions. Asset-Based Lending Investments Asset-Based Lending Investments are investments, made either directly by the fund or through Underlying Funds, in loans secured by an asset and include, among other investments: • Healthcare Loans & Royalty-Backed Credit: healthcare loans secured by revenue and intellectual property rights primarily on FDA-approved FDA-approved • Transportation Assets: transportation assets such as loans and leases backed by commercial aircraft, aircraft engines, shipping vessels or other transportation and equipment; • Residential Real Estate Lending: the origination and acquisition of residential real estate loans and legacy mortgage loan pools, including distressed or nonperforming loans, and newly originated non-agency • Commercial Real Estate Lending: the origination and acquisition of commercial real estate loans secured by housing-related and traditional commercial real estate property types; • Consumer-Related Assets: acquisition of consumer loans, including distressed or nonperforming loans; high-yield asset-backed securities (“ABS”) backed by various forms of non-mortgage • Corporate Asset-Based Credit: asset-based corporate credit secured by real estate, equipment, receivables, inventory and intellectual property rights, among other assets; • Equipment: the leasing or lease financing of a wide range of equipment which is mission critical to the operations of a lessee. Equipment may include, for example, injection molding machines, industrial cranes, so-called non-titled • Liquid Securitized Credit: securities backed by residential real estate (“RMBS”), commercial real estate (“CMBS”), collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) secured corporate loans (“CLOs”) and ABS. Except for RMBS, CMBS, CMOs, CLOs and ABS, which may range from most senior (AAA-rated) (BB-rated, B-rated Credit Investments Credit Investments are investments, made either directly by the fund or through Underlying Funds, in indirect lending (including first lien loans, second lien loans, unitranche loans and mezzanine debt); opportunistic credit (including private credit solutions, special situations and market dislocations); structured credit (including CLOs); real assets credit (including infrastructure and real estate); and distressed credit. Other Investment Strategies The fund also may, but is not required to, make other investments as follows: The fund may invest in notes, bills, debentures, convertible and preferred securities, government and municipal obligations and other credit instruments with similar economic characteristics. In addition, from time to time, the fund may invest in or hold common stock and other equity securities incidental to the purchase or ownership of a Credit Investment or in connection with a reorganization of a borrower. The fund may also engage in short sales. The fund may use derivative instruments to gain investment exposure to Credit Investments, provide downside protection and to dampen volatility. In addition to making investments and having exposure to investments in U.S. entities and U.S. markets, the fund may make investments in and be exposed to investments in non-U.S. non-U.S. non-U.S. The fund may invest in instruments that, at the time of investment, are illiquid (generally any investment that the fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven (7) calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment). The fund may also invest, without limit, in securities that are unregistered (but are eligible for purchase and sale by certain qualified institutional buyers) or are held by control persons of the issuer and securities that are subject to contractual restrictions on their resale, such as but not limited to closed-end The fund may invest its cash balances in money market instruments, U.S. government securities, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, repurchase agreements and other high quality debt instruments maturing in one year or less, among other instruments. The fund is not limited to the types of investments described above and may invest in other types of investments consistent with the fund’s investment objective. | |
Risk Factors [Table Text Block] | RISK FACTORS Below are descriptions of the principal factors that may play a role in shaping the fund’s and the underlying funds’ overall risk profile. Pursuant to the request of the SEC staff, the fund ordered the descriptions of the six most significant risks to the fund, based on the currently expected impact to the fund’s net asset value, yield and total return, so that they appear first. The fund’s other main risks follow in alphabetical order, not in order of importance. For further details about the fund’s risks, including additional risk factors that are not discussed in this Prospectus because they are considered non-principal factors, see the fund’s SAI. PRINCIPAL RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND Fund of Funds Risk The fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective will depend largely, in part, on: (i) the underlying fund’s performance, expenses, and ability to meet their investment objectives; and (ii) properly rebalancing assets among underlying funds and different asset classes. The fund is also subject to risks related to: (i) layering of fees of the underlying funds; and (ii) conflicts of interest associated with the Subadvisor’s ability to allocate fund assets without limit to other funds it advises and/or other funds advised by affiliated subadvisors. There is no assurance that either the fund or the underlying funds will achieve their investment objectives. Affiliated Subadvised Fund Conflicts of Interest Risk. Multi-Manager Risk; Limited Universe of Subadvisors and Underlying Funds. Senior Loans Risk The fund may be subject to greater levels of credit risk, call (or “prepayment”) risk, settlement risk and liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in senior loans. Senior loans are considered predominantly speculative with respect to an issuer’s continuing ability to make principal and interest payments, and may be more volatile than other types of securities. An economic downturn or individual corporate developments could adversely affect the market for these instruments and reduce the fund’s ability to sell these instruments at an advantageous time or price. An economic downturn would generally lead to a higher non-payment and the collateral may be unavailable or insufficient to meet the obligations of the borrower. The fund may have limited rights to exercise remedies against such collateral or a borrower, and loan agreements may impose certain procedures that delay receipt of the proceeds of collateral or require the fund to act collectively with other creditors to exercise its rights with respect to a senior loan. Because of the risks involved in investing in senior loans, an investment in the fund should be considered speculative. Junior loans, which are secured and unsecured subordinated loans, second lien loans and subordinate bridge loans, involve a higher degree of overall risk than senior loans of the same borrower due to the junior loan’s lower place in the borrower’s capital structure and, in some cases, their unsecured status. Asset-Backed Securities (“ABS”) The investment characteristics of ABS differ from traditional debt securities. Among the major differences are that interest and principal payments are made more frequently, usually monthly, and that the principal may be prepaid at any time because the underlying loans or other assets generally may be prepaid at any time. The risk of each ABS depends both on the underlying assets and the legal structure of such security. Primarily, these securities do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the related collateral ( e.g. The risk of investing in ABS is ultimately dependent upon payment of loans or leases by the debtor. The collateral supporting ABS is of shorter maturity than mortgage loans and is less likely to experience substantial prepayments. As with mortgage-backed securities, ABS are often backed by a pool of assets representing the obligations of a number of different parties and use credit enhancement techniques such as letters of credit, guarantees or preference rights. The value of an ABS is affected by changes in the market’s perception of the asset backing the security and the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the collateral pool, the originator of the financial obligations or the financial institution providing any credit enhancement, as well as by the expiration or removal of any credit enhancement. Fixed-Income Securities Risk Fixed-income securities are generally subject to two principal types of risk, as well as other risks described below: (1) interest-rate risk and (2) credit quality risk. Interest-Rate Risk. impact the fund’s performance. In response to certain market conditions, governmental authorities and regulators may considerably lower interest rates, which, in some cases could result in negative interest rates. These actions, including their reversal or potential ineffectiveness, could further increase volatility in securities and other financial markets and reduce market liquidity. To the extent the fund has a bank deposit or holds a debt instrument with a negative interest rate to maturity, the fund would generate a negative return on that investment. Similarly, negative rates on investments by money market funds and similar cash management products could lead to losses on investments, including on investments of the fund’s uninvested cash. Credit Quality Risk. non-investment Investment-Grade Fixed-Income Securities in the Lowest Rating Category Risk. Prepayment of Principal Risk. Extension Risk. Lending Risk An underlying fund may originate loans to, or purchase, assignments of or participations in loans made to, various issuers, including distressed companies. Such investments may include senior secured, junior secured and mezzanine loans and other secured and unsecured debt that has been recently originated or that trade on the secondary market. The value of an underlying fund’s investment in loans may be detrimentally affected to the extent a borrower defaults on its obligations, there is insufficient collateral and/or there are extensive legal and other costs incurred in collecting on a defaulted loan. However, there can be no assurance that the value assigned by an underlying fund to collateral underlying a loan of the underlying fund can be realized upon liquidation, nor can there be any assurance that collateral will retain its value. Moreover, loans may also be supported by collateral, the value of which may fluctuate. In addition, active lending/origination by the underlying fund may subject it to additional regulation. Finally, there may be a monetary, as well as a time cost involved in collecting on defaulted loans and, if applicable, taking possession of various types of collateral. Should the underlying fund need to collect on a defaulted loan, litigation could result. In addition, even before litigation is commenced, the underlying fund could experience substantial costs in trying to collect on defaulted investments, such as legal fees, collection agency fees, or discounts related to the assignment of a defaulted loan to a third party. Any litigation may consume substantial amounts of an underlying fund’s advisor’s time and attention, and that time and the devotion of these resources to litigation may, at times, be disproportionate to the amounts at stake in the litigation. There will be no limits with respect to loan origination by the fund other than: (i) the diversification limits of the 1940 Act; and (ii) the restrictions on investments involving the underlying fund’s advisor’s affiliates (e.g., securitizations where such advisor is sponsor). Delayed Funding Loans and Revolving Credit Facilities Risk The fund may enter into, or acquire participations in, delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities, in which a bank or other lender agrees to make loans up to a maximum amount upon demand by the borrower during a specified term. These commitments may have the effect of requiring the fund to increase its investment in a company at a time when it might not be desirable to do so (including at a time when the company’s financial condition makes it unlikely that such amounts will be repaid). Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities are subject to credit, interest rate and liquidity risk and the risks of being a lender. Changes in U.S. Law Changes in the state and U.S. federal laws applicable to the fund, including changes to state and U.S. federal tax laws, or applicable to the Advisor, the Subadvisor and other securities or instruments in which the fund may invest, may negatively affect the fund’s returns to Shareholders. The fund may need to modify its investment strategy in the future in order to satisfy new regulatory requirements or to compete in a changed business environment. Credit and Counterparty Risk This is the risk that the issuer or guarantor of a fixed-income security, the counterparty to an over-the-counter Funds that invest in below-investment-grade securities, also called non-investment their subdivisions and instrumentalities, falls into this category. Below-investment-grade securities offer the potential for higher investment returns than higher-rated securities, but they carry greater credit risk: their issuers’ continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments is considered speculative, they are more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions, and they may be less liquid than higher-rated securities. In addition, the fund is exposed to credit risk to the extent that it makes use of OTC derivatives (such as forward foreign currency contracts and/or swap contracts) and engages to a significant extent in the lending of fund securities or the use of repurchase agreements. OTC derivatives transactions can be closed out with the other party to the transaction. If the counterparty defaults, the fund will have contractual remedies, but there is no assurance that the counterparty will be able to meet its contractual obligations or that, in the event of default, the fund will succeed in enforcing them. The fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments owed to it under OTC derivatives contracts or that those payments may be delayed or made only after the fund has incurred the costs of litigation. While the Subadvisor intends to monitor the creditworthiness of contract counterparties, there can be no assurance that the counterparty will be in a position to meet its obligations, especially during unusually adverse market conditions. Creditor Risk Debt is generally subject to various creditor risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the possible invalidation of a loan as a “fraudulent conveyance” under the relevant creditors’ rights laws; (ii) so called lender liability claims by the issuer of the obligations; and (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations. Additionally, adverse credit events with respect to any underlying property, such as missed or delayed payment of interest and/or principal, bankruptcy, receivership or distressed exchange, can significantly diminish the value of an investment in any such property. Distressed Loans Risk The fund may invest in structured products collateralized by below investment grade or distressed loans or securities. Investments in such structured products are subject to the risks associated with below investment grade securities. Such securities are characterized by high risk. It is likely that an economic recession could severely disrupt the market for such securities and may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities. Distribution Risk There can be no assurance that quarterly distributions paid by the fund to Shareholders will be maintained at current levels or increase over time. The fund’s cash available for distribution may vary widely over the short- and long-term. If, for any calendar year, the total distributions made exceed the fund’s net investment taxable income and net capital gain, the excess generally will be treated as a return of capital to each Shareholder (up to the amount of the Shareholder’s basis in his or her share of the fund) and thereafter as gain from the sale of Shares. The amount treated as a return of capital reduces the Shareholder’s adjusted basis in his or her Shares, thereby increasing his or her potential gain or reducing his or her potential loss on the subsequent sale of his or her Shares. Distributions in any year may include a substantial return of capital component. Distributions are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the Board. Economic and Market Events Risk Events in certain sectors historically have resulted, and may in the future result, in an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets, both domestic and foreign. These events have included, but are not limited to: bankruptcies, corporate restructurings, and other similar events; bank failures; governmental efforts to limit short selling and high frequency trading; measures to address U.S. federal and state budget deficits; social, political and economic instability in Europe; economic stimulus by the Japanese central bank; dramatic changes in energy prices and currency exchange rates; and China’s economic slowdown. Interconnected global economies and financial markets increase the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region. Both domestic and foreign equity markets have experienced increased volatility and turmoil, with issuers that have exposure to the real estate, mortgage, and credit markets particularly affected. Financial institutions could suffer losses as interest rates were to rise or economic conditions deteriorate. In addition, relatively high market volatility and reduced liquidity in credit and fixed-income markets may adversely affect many issuers worldwide. Actions taken by the Fed or foreign central banks to stimulate or stabilize economic growth, such as interventions in currency markets, could cause high volatility in the equity and fixed-income markets. Reduced liquidity may result in less money being available to purchase raw materials, goods, and services from emerging markets, which may, in turn, bring down the prices of these economic staples. It may also result in emerging-market issuers having more difficulty obtaining financing, which may, in turn, cause a decline in their securities prices. In response to certain economic conditions, including periods of high inflation, governmental authorities and regulators may respond with significant fiscal and monetary policy changes such as raising interest rates. The fund may be subject to heightened interest rate risk when the Fed raises interest rates. Recent and potential future changes in government monetary policy may affect interest rates. It is difficult to accurately predict the timing, frequency or magnitude of potential interest rate increases or decreases by the Fed and the evaluation of macro-economic and other conditions that could cause a change in approach in the future. If the Fed and other central banks increase the federal funds rate and equivalent rates, such increases generally will cause market interest rates to rise, and could cause the value of a fund’s investments, and the fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) to decline, potentially suddenly and significantly. As a result, the fund may experience higher levels of repurchase requests and, as a result, increased portfolio turnover, which could increase the costs that the fund incurs and may negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, as the Fed increases the target Fed funds rate, any such rate increases among other factors, could cause markets to experience continuing high volatility. A significant increase in interest rates may cause a decline in the market for equity securities. These events and the possible resulting market volatility may have an adverse effect on the fund. Political turmoil within the United States and abroad may also impact the fund. Although the U.S. government has honored its credit obligations, it remains possible that the United States could default on its obligations. While it is impossible to predict the consequences of such an unprecedented event, it is likely that a default by the United States would be highly disruptive to the United States and global securities markets and could significantly impair the value of the fund’s investments. Similarly, political events within the United States at times have resulted, and may in the future result, in a shutdown of government services, which could negatively affect the U.S. economy, decrease the value of many fund investments, and increase uncertainty in or impair the operation of the United States or other securities markets. In recent years, the U.S. renegotiated many of its global trade relationships and imposed or threatened to impose significant import tariffs. These actions could lead to price volatility and overall declines in U.S. and global investment markets. Uncertainties surrounding the sovereign debt of a number of European Union (“EU”) countries and the viability of the EU have disrupted and may in the future disrupt markets in the United States and around the world. If one or more countries leave the EU or the EU dissolves, the global securities markets likely will be significantly disrupted. On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (“UK”) left the EU, commonly referred to as “Brexit,” the UK ceased to be a member of the EU, and the UK and EU entered into a Trade and Cooperation Agreement. While the full impact of Brexit is unknown, Brexit has already resulted in volatility in European and global markets. There remains significant market uncertainty regarding Brexit’s ramifications, and the range and potential implications of possible political, regulatory, economic, and market outcomes are difficult to predict. In addition, Brexit may create additional and substantial economic stresses for the UK, including a contraction of the UK economy and price volatility in UK stocks, decreased trade, capital outflows, devaluation of the British pound, wider corporate bond spreads due to uncertainty and declines in business and consumer spending as well as foreign direct investment. Brexit may also adversely affect UK-based A widespread health crisis such as a global pandemic could cause substantial market volatility, exchange trading suspensions and closures, which may lead to less liquidity in certain instruments, industries, sectors or the markets generally, and may ultimately affect fund performance. For example, the coronavirus (COVID-19) supply chain disruption, among others. While many countries have lifted some or all restrictions related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) (COVID-19) (COVID-19) pre-existing Political and military events, including in Ukraine, North Korea, Russia, Venezuela, Iran, Syria, and other areas of the Middle East, and nationalist unrest in Europe and South America, also may cause market disruptions. As a result of continued political tensions and armed conflicts, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine commencing in February of 2022, the extent and ultimate result of which are unknown at this time, the United States and the EU, along with the regulatory bodies of a number of countries, have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian corporate entities and individuals, and certain sectors of Russia’s economy, which may result in, among other things, the continued devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in the country’s credit rating, and/or a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities, property or interests. These sanctions could also result in the immediate freeze of Russian securities and/or funds invested in prohibited assets, impairing the ability of the fund to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities and/or assets. These sanctions or the threat of additional sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or retaliatory actions, which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities. The United States and other nations or international organizations may also impose additional economic sanctions or take other actions that may adversely affect Russia-exposed issuers and companies in various sectors of the Russian economy. Any or all of these potential results could lead Russia’s economy into a recession. Economic sanctions and other actions against Russian institutions, companies, and individuals resulting from the ongoing conflict may also have a substantial negative impact on other economies and securities markets both regionally and globally, as well as on companies with operations in the conflict region, the extent to which is unknown at this time. The United States and the EU have also imposed similar sanctions on Belarus for its support of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Additional sanctions may be imposed on Belarus and other countries that support Russia. Any such sanctions could present substantially similar risks as those resulting from the sanctions imposed on Russia, including substantial negative impacts on the regional and global economies and securities markets. In addition, there is a risk that the prices of goods and services in the United States and many foreign economies may decline over time, known as deflation. Deflation may have an adverse effect on stock prices and creditworthiness and may make defaults on debt more likely. If a country’s economy slips into a deflationary pattern, it could last for a prolonged period and may be difficult to reverse. Further, there is a risk that the present value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future, known as inflation. Inflation rates may change frequently and drastically as a result of various factors, including unexpected shifts in the domestic or global economy, and the fund’s investments may be affected, which may reduce the fund’s performance. Further, inflation may lead to a rise in interest rates, which may negatively affect the value of debt instruments held by the fund, resulting in a negative impact on the fund’s performance. Generally, securities issued in emerging markets are subject to a greater risk of inflationary or deflationary forces, and more developed markets are better able to use monetary policy to normalize markets. Equity Securities Risk Common and preferred stocks represent equity ownership in a company. Stock markets are volatile. The price of equity securities will fluctuate, and can decline and reduce the value of a fund investing in equities. The price of equity securities fluctuates based on changes in a company’s financial condition and overall market and economic conditions. The value of equity securities purchased by a fund could decline if the financial condition of the companies in which the fund is invested declines, or if overall market and economic conditions deteriorate. An issuer’s financial condition could decline as a result of poor management decisions, competitive pressures, technological obsolescence, undue reliance on suppliers, labor issues, shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, irregular and/or unexpected trading activity among retail investors, or other factors. Changes in the financial condition of a single issuer can impact the market as a whole. Even a fund that invests in high-quality, or blue chip, equity securities, or securities of established companies with large market capitalizations (which generally have strong financial characteristics), can be negatively impacted by poor overall market and economic conditions. Companies with large market capitalizations may also have less growth potential than smaller companies and may be less able to react quickly to changes in the marketplace. The fund generally does not attempt to time the market. Because of its exposure to equities, the possibility that stock market prices in general will decline over short or extended periods subjects the fund to unpredictable declines in the value of its investments, as well as periods of poor performance. Growth Investment Style Risk. Value Investment Style Risk. ESG Integration Risk The Subadvisor considers ESG factors that it deems relevant or additive, along with other material factors and analysis, when managing the fund. The portion of the fund’s investments for which the Subadvisor considers these ESG factors may vary, and could increase or decrease over time. In certain situations, the extent to which these ESG factors may be applied according to the Subadvisor’s integrated investment process may not include U.S. Treasuries, government securities, or other asset classes. ESG factors may include, but are not limited to, matters regarding board diversity, climate change policies, and supply chain and human rights policies. Incorporating ESG criteria and making investment decisions based on certain ESG characteristics, as determined by the Subadvisor, carries the risk the fund may perform differently, including underperforming, funds that do not utilize ESG criteria, or funds that utilize different ESG criteria. Integration of ESG factors into the fund’s investment process may result in the Subadvisor making different investments for the fund than for a fund with a similar investment universe and/or investment style that does not incorporate such considerations in its investment strategy or processes, and the fund’s investment performance may be affected. Because ESG factors are one of many considerations for the fund, the Subadvisor may nonetheless include companies with low ESG characteristics or exclude companies with high ESG characteristics in the fund’s investments. The ESG characteristics utilized in the fund’s investment process may change over time, and different ESG characteristics may be relevant to different investments. Although the Subadvisor has established its own structure to oversee ESG integration in accordance with the fund’s investment objective and strategies, successful integration of ESG factors will depend on the Subadvisor’s skill in researching, identifying, and applying these factors, as well as on the availability of relevant data. The method of evaluating ESG factors and subsequent impact on portfolio composition, performance, proxy voting decisions and other factors, is subject to the interpretation of the Subadvisor in accordance with the fund’s investment objective and strategies. ESG factors may be evaluated differently by different advisors, and may not carry the same meaning to all investors and advisors. The Subadvisor may employ active shareowner engagement to raise ESG issues with the management of select portfolio companies. The regulatory landscape with respect to ESG investing in the United States is evolving and any future rules or regulations may require the fund to change its investment process with respect to ESG integration. Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk ETFs are a type of investment company bought and sold on a securities exchange. The fund could purchase shares of an ETF to gain exposure to a portion of the U.S. or a foreign market. The risks of owning shares of an ETF include the risks of directly owning the underlying securities and other instruments the ETF holds. A lack of liquidity in an ETF (e.g., absence of an active trading market) could result in the ETF being more volatile than its underlying securities. The existence of extreme market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for an ETF’s shares could result in the ETF’s shares trading at a significant premium or discount to its NAV. An ETF has its own fees and expenses, which are indirectly borne by the fund. The fund may also incur brokerage and other related costs when it purchases and sells ETFs. Also, in the case of passively-managed ETFs, there is a risk that an ETF may fail to closely track the index or market segment that it is designed to track due to delays in the ETF’s implementation of changes to the composition of the index or other factors. Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs) Risk ETNs are a type of unsecured, unsubordinated debt security that have characteristics and risks similar to those of fixed-income securities and trade on a major exchange similar to shares of ETFs. This type of debt security differs, however, from other types of bonds and notes because ETN returns are based upon the performance of a market index minus applicable fees, no period coupon payments are distributed, and no principal protections exist. The purpose of ETNs is to create a type of security that combines the aspects of both bonds and ETFs. The value of an ETN may be influenced by time to maturity; level of supply and demand for the ETN; volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying commodities or securities markets; changes in the applicable interest rates; changes in the issuer’s credit rating; and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the referenced commodity or security. The fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings also may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. If the fund must sell some or all of its ETN holdings and the secondary market is weak, it may have to sell such holdings at a discount. If the fund holds its investment in an ETN until maturity, the issuer will give the fund a cash amount that would be equal to the principal amount (subject to the day’s index factor). ETNs are also subject to counterparty credit risk and fixed-income risk. Foreign Securities Risk Funds that invest in securities traded principally in securities markets outside the United States are subject to additional and more varied risks, as the value of foreign securities may change more rapidly and extremely than the value of U.S. securities. Less information may be publicly available regarding foreign issuers, including foreign government issuers. Foreign securities may be subject to foreign taxes and may be more volatile than U.S. securities. Currency fluctuations and political and economic developments may adversely impact the value of foreign securities. The securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. Additionally, issuers of foreign securities may not be subject to the same degree of regulation as U.S. issuers. Reporting, accounting, and auditing standards of foreign countries differ, in some cases significantly, from U.S. standards. There are generally higher commission rates on foreign portfolio transactions, transfer taxes, higher custodial costs, and the possibility that foreign taxes will be charged on dividends and interest payable on foreign securities, some or all of which may not be reclaimable. Also, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency or assets from a country); political changes; or diplomatic developments could adversely affect the fund’s investments. In the event of nationalization, expropriation, confiscatory taxation, or other confiscation, the fund could lose a substantial portion of, or its entire investment in, a foreign security. Foreign countries, especially emerging market countries, also may have problems associated with settlement of sales. Such problems could cause the fund to suffer a loss if a security to be sold declines in value while settlement of the sale is delayed. In addition, there may be difficulties and delays in enforcing a judgment in a foreign court resulting in potential losses to the fund. Some of the foreign securities risks are also applicable to funds that invest a material portion of their assets in securities of foreign issuers traded in the United States. If applicable, depositary receipts are subject to most of the risks associated with investing in foreign securities directly because the value of a depositary receipt is dependent upon the market price of the underlying foreign equity security. Depositary receipts are also subject to liquidity risk. Additionally, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“HFCAA”) could cause securities of foreign companies, including American depositary receipts, to be delisted from U.S. stock exchanges if the companies do not allow the U.S. government to oversee the auditing of their financial information. Although the requirements of the HFCAA apply to securities of all foreign issuers, the SEC has thus far limited its enforcement efforts to securities of Chinese companies. If securities are delis | |
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | ||
Outstanding Securities [Table Text Block] | As of July 31, 2024, there are three classes of Shares authorized as follows: (1) Title of Class (2) Amount Authorized (3) Amount of Shares Held by Amount of Shares Class I Shares Unlimited 0 4,951,449.295 Class S Shares Unlimited 0 0 Class D Shares Unlimited 0 0 | |
Fund of Funds Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Fund of Funds Risk The fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective will depend largely, in part, on: (i) the underlying fund’s performance, expenses, and ability to meet their investment objectives; and (ii) properly rebalancing assets among underlying funds and different asset classes. The fund is also subject to risks related to: (i) layering of fees of the underlying funds; and (ii) conflicts of interest associated with the Subadvisor’s ability to allocate fund assets without limit to other funds it advises and/or other funds advised by affiliated subadvisors. There is no assurance that either the fund or the underlying funds will achieve their investment objectives. Affiliated Subadvised Fund Conflicts of Interest Risk. Multi-Manager Risk; Limited Universe of Subadvisors and Underlying Funds. | |
Senior Loans Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Senior Loans Risk The fund may be subject to greater levels of credit risk, call (or “prepayment”) risk, settlement risk and liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in senior loans. Senior loans are considered predominantly speculative with respect to an issuer’s continuing ability to make principal and interest payments, and may be more volatile than other types of securities. An economic downturn or individual corporate developments could adversely affect the market for these instruments and reduce the fund’s ability to sell these instruments at an advantageous time or price. An economic downturn would generally lead to a higher non-payment and the collateral may be unavailable or insufficient to meet the obligations of the borrower. The fund may have limited rights to exercise remedies against such collateral or a borrower, and loan agreements may impose certain procedures that delay receipt of the proceeds of collateral or require the fund to act collectively with other creditors to exercise its rights with respect to a senior loan. Because of the risks involved in investing in senior loans, an investment in the fund should be considered speculative. Junior loans, which are secured and unsecured subordinated loans, second lien loans and subordinate bridge loans, involve a higher degree of overall risk than senior loans of the same borrower due to the junior loan’s lower place in the borrower’s capital structure and, in some cases, their unsecured status. | |
Asset Backed Securities (ABS) [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Asset-Backed Securities (“ABS”) The investment characteristics of ABS differ from traditional debt securities. Among the major differences are that interest and principal payments are made more frequently, usually monthly, and that the principal may be prepaid at any time because the underlying loans or other assets generally may be prepaid at any time. The risk of each ABS depends both on the underlying assets and the legal structure of such security. Primarily, these securities do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the related collateral ( e.g. The risk of investing in ABS is ultimately dependent upon payment of loans or leases by the debtor. The collateral supporting ABS is of shorter maturity than mortgage loans and is less likely to experience substantial prepayments. As with mortgage-backed securities, ABS are often backed by a pool of assets representing the obligations of a number of different parties and use credit enhancement techniques such as letters of credit, guarantees or preference rights. The value of an ABS is affected by changes in the market’s perception of the asset backing the security and the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the collateral pool, the originator of the financial obligations or the financial institution providing any credit enhancement, as well as by the expiration or removal of any credit enhancement. | |
Fixed Income Securities Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Fixed-Income Securities Risk Fixed-income securities are generally subject to two principal types of risk, as well as other risks described below: (1) interest-rate risk and (2) credit quality risk. Interest-Rate Risk. impact the fund’s performance. In response to certain market conditions, governmental authorities and regulators may considerably lower interest rates, which, in some cases could result in negative interest rates. These actions, including their reversal or potential ineffectiveness, could further increase volatility in securities and other financial markets and reduce market liquidity. To the extent the fund has a bank deposit or holds a debt instrument with a negative interest rate to maturity, the fund would generate a negative return on that investment. Similarly, negative rates on investments by money market funds and similar cash management products could lead to losses on investments, including on investments of the fund’s uninvested cash. Credit Quality Risk. non-investment Investment-Grade Fixed-Income Securities in the Lowest Rating Category Risk. Prepayment of Principal Risk. Extension Risk. | |
Lending Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Lending Risk An underlying fund may originate loans to, or purchase, assignments of or participations in loans made to, various issuers, including distressed companies. Such investments may include senior secured, junior secured and mezzanine loans and other secured and unsecured debt that has been recently originated or that trade on the secondary market. The value of an underlying fund’s investment in loans may be detrimentally affected to the extent a borrower defaults on its obligations, there is insufficient collateral and/or there are extensive legal and other costs incurred in collecting on a defaulted loan. However, there can be no assurance that the value assigned by an underlying fund to collateral underlying a loan of the underlying fund can be realized upon liquidation, nor can there be any assurance that collateral will retain its value. Moreover, loans may also be supported by collateral, the value of which may fluctuate. In addition, active lending/origination by the underlying fund may subject it to additional regulation. Finally, there may be a monetary, as well as a time cost involved in collecting on defaulted loans and, if applicable, taking possession of various types of collateral. Should the underlying fund need to collect on a defaulted loan, litigation could result. In addition, even before litigation is commenced, the underlying fund could experience substantial costs in trying to collect on defaulted investments, such as legal fees, collection agency fees, or discounts related to the assignment of a defaulted loan to a third party. Any litigation may consume substantial amounts of an underlying fund’s advisor’s time and attention, and that time and the devotion of these resources to litigation may, at times, be disproportionate to the amounts at stake in the litigation. There will be no limits with respect to loan origination by the fund other than: (i) the diversification limits of the 1940 Act; and (ii) the restrictions on investments involving the underlying fund’s advisor’s affiliates (e.g., securitizations where such advisor is sponsor). | |
Delayed Funding Loans and Revolving Credit Facilities Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Delayed Funding Loans and Revolving Credit Facilities Risk The fund may enter into, or acquire participations in, delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities, in which a bank or other lender agrees to make loans up to a maximum amount upon demand by the borrower during a specified term. These commitments may have the effect of requiring the fund to increase its investment in a company at a time when it might not be desirable to do so (including at a time when the company’s financial condition makes it unlikely that such amounts will be repaid). Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities are subject to credit, interest rate and liquidity risk and the risks of being a lender. | |
Changes in U.S. Law [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Changes in U.S. Law Changes in the state and U.S. federal laws applicable to the fund, including changes to state and U.S. federal tax laws, or applicable to the Advisor, the Subadvisor and other securities or instruments in which the fund may invest, may negatively affect the fund’s returns to Shareholders. The fund may need to modify its investment strategy in the future in order to satisfy new regulatory requirements or to compete in a changed business environment. | |
Credit and Counterparty Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Credit and Counterparty Risk This is the risk that the issuer or guarantor of a fixed-income security, the counterparty to an over-the-counter Funds that invest in below-investment-grade securities, also called non-investment their subdivisions and instrumentalities, falls into this category. Below-investment-grade securities offer the potential for higher investment returns than higher-rated securities, but they carry greater credit risk: their issuers’ continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments is considered speculative, they are more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions, and they may be less liquid than higher-rated securities. In addition, the fund is exposed to credit risk to the extent that it makes use of OTC derivatives (such as forward foreign currency contracts and/or swap contracts) and engages to a significant extent in the lending of fund securities or the use of repurchase agreements. OTC derivatives transactions can be closed out with the other party to the transaction. If the counterparty defaults, the fund will have contractual remedies, but there is no assurance that the counterparty will be able to meet its contractual obligations or that, in the event of default, the fund will succeed in enforcing them. The fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments owed to it under OTC derivatives contracts or that those payments may be delayed or made only after the fund has incurred the costs of litigation. While the Subadvisor intends to monitor the creditworthiness of contract counterparties, there can be no assurance that the counterparty will be in a position to meet its obligations, especially during unusually adverse market conditions. | |
Creditor Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Creditor Risk Debt is generally subject to various creditor risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the possible invalidation of a loan as a “fraudulent conveyance” under the relevant creditors’ rights laws; (ii) so called lender liability claims by the issuer of the obligations; and (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations. Additionally, adverse credit events with respect to any underlying property, such as missed or delayed payment of interest and/or principal, bankruptcy, receivership or distressed exchange, can significantly diminish the value of an investment in any such property. | |
Distressed Loans Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Distressed Loans Risk The fund may invest in structured products collateralized by below investment grade or distressed loans or securities. Investments in such structured products are subject to the risks associated with below investment grade securities. Such securities are characterized by high risk. It is likely that an economic recession could severely disrupt the market for such securities and may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities. | |
Distribution Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Distribution Risk There can be no assurance that quarterly distributions paid by the fund to Shareholders will be maintained at current levels or increase over time. The fund’s cash available for distribution may vary widely over the short- and long-term. If, for any calendar year, the total distributions made exceed the fund’s net investment taxable income and net capital gain, the excess generally will be treated as a return of capital to each Shareholder (up to the amount of the Shareholder’s basis in his or her share of the fund) and thereafter as gain from the sale of Shares. The amount treated as a return of capital reduces the Shareholder’s adjusted basis in his or her Shares, thereby increasing his or her potential gain or reducing his or her potential loss on the subsequent sale of his or her Shares. Distributions in any year may include a substantial return of capital component. Distributions are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the Board. | |
Economic and Market Events Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Economic and Market Events Risk Events in certain sectors historically have resulted, and may in the future result, in an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets, both domestic and foreign. These events have included, but are not limited to: bankruptcies, corporate restructurings, and other similar events; bank failures; governmental efforts to limit short selling and high frequency trading; measures to address U.S. federal and state budget deficits; social, political and economic instability in Europe; economic stimulus by the Japanese central bank; dramatic changes in energy prices and currency exchange rates; and China’s economic slowdown. Interconnected global economies and financial markets increase the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region. Both domestic and foreign equity markets have experienced increased volatility and turmoil, with issuers that have exposure to the real estate, mortgage, and credit markets particularly affected. Financial institutions could suffer losses as interest rates were to rise or economic conditions deteriorate. In addition, relatively high market volatility and reduced liquidity in credit and fixed-income markets may adversely affect many issuers worldwide. Actions taken by the Fed or foreign central banks to stimulate or stabilize economic growth, such as interventions in currency markets, could cause high volatility in the equity and fixed-income markets. Reduced liquidity may result in less money being available to purchase raw materials, goods, and services from emerging markets, which may, in turn, bring down the prices of these economic staples. It may also result in emerging-market issuers having more difficulty obtaining financing, which may, in turn, cause a decline in their securities prices. In response to certain economic conditions, including periods of high inflation, governmental authorities and regulators may respond with significant fiscal and monetary policy changes such as raising interest rates. The fund may be subject to heightened interest rate risk when the Fed raises interest rates. Recent and potential future changes in government monetary policy may affect interest rates. It is difficult to accurately predict the timing, frequency or magnitude of potential interest rate increases or decreases by the Fed and the evaluation of macro-economic and other conditions that could cause a change in approach in the future. If the Fed and other central banks increase the federal funds rate and equivalent rates, such increases generally will cause market interest rates to rise, and could cause the value of a fund’s investments, and the fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) to decline, potentially suddenly and significantly. As a result, the fund may experience higher levels of repurchase requests and, as a result, increased portfolio turnover, which could increase the costs that the fund incurs and may negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, as the Fed increases the target Fed funds rate, any such rate increases among other factors, could cause markets to experience continuing high volatility. A significant increase in interest rates may cause a decline in the market for equity securities. These events and the possible resulting market volatility may have an adverse effect on the fund. Political turmoil within the United States and abroad may also impact the fund. Although the U.S. government has honored its credit obligations, it remains possible that the United States could default on its obligations. While it is impossible to predict the consequences of such an unprecedented event, it is likely that a default by the United States would be highly disruptive to the United States and global securities markets and could significantly impair the value of the fund’s investments. Similarly, political events within the United States at times have resulted, and may in the future result, in a shutdown of government services, which could negatively affect the U.S. economy, decrease the value of many fund investments, and increase uncertainty in or impair the operation of the United States or other securities markets. In recent years, the U.S. renegotiated many of its global trade relationships and imposed or threatened to impose significant import tariffs. These actions could lead to price volatility and overall declines in U.S. and global investment markets. Uncertainties surrounding the sovereign debt of a number of European Union (“EU”) countries and the viability of the EU have disrupted and may in the future disrupt markets in the United States and around the world. If one or more countries leave the EU or the EU dissolves, the global securities markets likely will be significantly disrupted. On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (“UK”) left the EU, commonly referred to as “Brexit,” the UK ceased to be a member of the EU, and the UK and EU entered into a Trade and Cooperation Agreement. While the full impact of Brexit is unknown, Brexit has already resulted in volatility in European and global markets. There remains significant market uncertainty regarding Brexit’s ramifications, and the range and potential implications of possible political, regulatory, economic, and market outcomes are difficult to predict. In addition, Brexit may create additional and substantial economic stresses for the UK, including a contraction of the UK economy and price volatility in UK stocks, decreased trade, capital outflows, devaluation of the British pound, wider corporate bond spreads due to uncertainty and declines in business and consumer spending as well as foreign direct investment. Brexit may also adversely affect UK-based A widespread health crisis such as a global pandemic could cause substantial market volatility, exchange trading suspensions and closures, which may lead to less liquidity in certain instruments, industries, sectors or the markets generally, and may ultimately affect fund performance. For example, the coronavirus (COVID-19) supply chain disruption, among others. While many countries have lifted some or all restrictions related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) (COVID-19) (COVID-19) pre-existing Political and military events, including in Ukraine, North Korea, Russia, Venezuela, Iran, Syria, and other areas of the Middle East, and nationalist unrest in Europe and South America, also may cause market disruptions. As a result of continued political tensions and armed conflicts, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine commencing in February of 2022, the extent and ultimate result of which are unknown at this time, the United States and the EU, along with the regulatory bodies of a number of countries, have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian corporate entities and individuals, and certain sectors of Russia’s economy, which may result in, among other things, the continued devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in the country’s credit rating, and/or a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities, property or interests. These sanctions could also result in the immediate freeze of Russian securities and/or funds invested in prohibited assets, impairing the ability of the fund to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities and/or assets. These sanctions or the threat of additional sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or retaliatory actions, which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities. The United States and other nations or international organizations may also impose additional economic sanctions or take other actions that may adversely affect Russia-exposed issuers and companies in various sectors of the Russian economy. Any or all of these potential results could lead Russia’s economy into a recession. Economic sanctions and other actions against Russian institutions, companies, and individuals resulting from the ongoing conflict may also have a substantial negative impact on other economies and securities markets both regionally and globally, as well as on companies with operations in the conflict region, the extent to which is unknown at this time. The United States and the EU have also imposed similar sanctions on Belarus for its support of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Additional sanctions may be imposed on Belarus and other countries that support Russia. Any such sanctions could present substantially similar risks as those resulting from the sanctions imposed on Russia, including substantial negative impacts on the regional and global economies and securities markets. In addition, there is a risk that the prices of goods and services in the United States and many foreign economies may decline over time, known as deflation. Deflation may have an adverse effect on stock prices and creditworthiness and may make defaults on debt more likely. If a country’s economy slips into a deflationary pattern, it could last for a prolonged period and may be difficult to reverse. Further, there is a risk that the present value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future, known as inflation. Inflation rates may change frequently and drastically as a result of various factors, including unexpected shifts in the domestic or global economy, and the fund’s investments may be affected, which may reduce the fund’s performance. Further, inflation may lead to a rise in interest rates, which may negatively affect the value of debt instruments held by the fund, resulting in a negative impact on the fund’s performance. Generally, securities issued in emerging markets are subject to a greater risk of inflationary or deflationary forces, and more developed markets are better able to use monetary policy to normalize markets. | |
Equity Securities Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Equity Securities Risk Common and preferred stocks represent equity ownership in a company. Stock markets are volatile. The price of equity securities will fluctuate, and can decline and reduce the value of a fund investing in equities. The price of equity securities fluctuates based on changes in a company’s financial condition and overall market and economic conditions. The value of equity securities purchased by a fund could decline if the financial condition of the companies in which the fund is invested declines, or if overall market and economic conditions deteriorate. An issuer’s financial condition could decline as a result of poor management decisions, competitive pressures, technological obsolescence, undue reliance on suppliers, labor issues, shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, irregular and/or unexpected trading activity among retail investors, or other factors. Changes in the financial condition of a single issuer can impact the market as a whole. Even a fund that invests in high-quality, or blue chip, equity securities, or securities of established companies with large market capitalizations (which generally have strong financial characteristics), can be negatively impacted by poor overall market and economic conditions. Companies with large market capitalizations may also have less growth potential than smaller companies and may be less able to react quickly to changes in the marketplace. The fund generally does not attempt to time the market. Because of its exposure to equities, the possibility that stock market prices in general will decline over short or extended periods subjects the fund to unpredictable declines in the value of its investments, as well as periods of poor performance. Growth Investment Style Risk. Value Investment Style Risk. | |
ESG Integration Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | ESG Integration Risk The Subadvisor considers ESG factors that it deems relevant or additive, along with other material factors and analysis, when managing the fund. The portion of the fund’s investments for which the Subadvisor considers these ESG factors may vary, and could increase or decrease over time. In certain situations, the extent to which these ESG factors may be applied according to the Subadvisor’s integrated investment process may not include U.S. Treasuries, government securities, or other asset classes. ESG factors may include, but are not limited to, matters regarding board diversity, climate change policies, and supply chain and human rights policies. Incorporating ESG criteria and making investment decisions based on certain ESG characteristics, as determined by the Subadvisor, carries the risk the fund may perform differently, including underperforming, funds that do not utilize ESG criteria, or funds that utilize different ESG criteria. Integration of ESG factors into the fund’s investment process may result in the Subadvisor making different investments for the fund than for a fund with a similar investment universe and/or investment style that does not incorporate such considerations in its investment strategy or processes, and the fund’s investment performance may be affected. Because ESG factors are one of many considerations for the fund, the Subadvisor may nonetheless include companies with low ESG characteristics or exclude companies with high ESG characteristics in the fund’s investments. The ESG characteristics utilized in the fund’s investment process may change over time, and different ESG characteristics may be relevant to different investments. Although the Subadvisor has established its own structure to oversee ESG integration in accordance with the fund’s investment objective and strategies, successful integration of ESG factors will depend on the Subadvisor’s skill in researching, identifying, and applying these factors, as well as on the availability of relevant data. The method of evaluating ESG factors and subsequent impact on portfolio composition, performance, proxy voting decisions and other factors, is subject to the interpretation of the Subadvisor in accordance with the fund’s investment objective and strategies. ESG factors may be evaluated differently by different advisors, and may not carry the same meaning to all investors and advisors. The Subadvisor may employ active shareowner engagement to raise ESG issues with the management of select portfolio companies. The regulatory landscape with respect to ESG investing in the United States is evolving and any future rules or regulations may require the fund to change its investment process with respect to ESG integration. | |
Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk ETFs are a type of investment company bought and sold on a securities exchange. The fund could purchase shares of an ETF to gain exposure to a portion of the U.S. or a foreign market. The risks of owning shares of an ETF include the risks of directly owning the underlying securities and other instruments the ETF holds. A lack of liquidity in an ETF (e.g., absence of an active trading market) could result in the ETF being more volatile than its underlying securities. The existence of extreme market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for an ETF’s shares could result in the ETF’s shares trading at a significant premium or discount to its NAV. An ETF has its own fees and expenses, which are indirectly borne by the fund. The fund may also incur brokerage and other related costs when it purchases and sells ETFs. Also, in the case of passively-managed ETFs, there is a risk that an ETF may fail to closely track the index or market segment that it is designed to track due to delays in the ETF’s implementation of changes to the composition of the index or other factors. | |
Exchange Traded Notes (ETNs) Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs) Risk ETNs are a type of unsecured, unsubordinated debt security that have characteristics and risks similar to those of fixed-income securities and trade on a major exchange similar to shares of ETFs. This type of debt security differs, however, from other types of bonds and notes because ETN returns are based upon the performance of a market index minus applicable fees, no period coupon payments are distributed, and no principal protections exist. The purpose of ETNs is to create a type of security that combines the aspects of both bonds and ETFs. The value of an ETN may be influenced by time to maturity; level of supply and demand for the ETN; volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying commodities or securities markets; changes in the applicable interest rates; changes in the issuer’s credit rating; and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the referenced commodity or security. The fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings also may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. If the fund must sell some or all of its ETN holdings and the secondary market is weak, it may have to sell such holdings at a discount. If the fund holds its investment in an ETN until maturity, the issuer will give the fund a cash amount that would be equal to the principal amount (subject to the day’s index factor). ETNs are also subject to counterparty credit risk and fixed-income risk. | |
Foreign Securities Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Foreign Securities Risk Funds that invest in securities traded principally in securities markets outside the United States are subject to additional and more varied risks, as the value of foreign securities may change more rapidly and extremely than the value of U.S. securities. Less information may be publicly available regarding foreign issuers, including foreign government issuers. Foreign securities may be subject to foreign taxes and may be more volatile than U.S. securities. Currency fluctuations and political and economic developments may adversely impact the value of foreign securities. The securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. Additionally, issuers of foreign securities may not be subject to the same degree of regulation as U.S. issuers. Reporting, accounting, and auditing standards of foreign countries differ, in some cases significantly, from U.S. standards. There are generally higher commission rates on foreign portfolio transactions, transfer taxes, higher custodial costs, and the possibility that foreign taxes will be charged on dividends and interest payable on foreign securities, some or all of which may not be reclaimable. Also, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency or assets from a country); political changes; or diplomatic developments could adversely affect the fund’s investments. In the event of nationalization, expropriation, confiscatory taxation, or other confiscation, the fund could lose a substantial portion of, or its entire investment in, a foreign security. Foreign countries, especially emerging market countries, also may have problems associated with settlement of sales. Such problems could cause the fund to suffer a loss if a security to be sold declines in value while settlement of the sale is delayed. In addition, there may be difficulties and delays in enforcing a judgment in a foreign court resulting in potential losses to the fund. Some of the foreign securities risks are also applicable to funds that invest a material portion of their assets in securities of foreign issuers traded in the United States. If applicable, depositary receipts are subject to most of the risks associated with investing in foreign securities directly because the value of a depositary receipt is dependent upon the market price of the underlying foreign equity security. Depositary receipts are also subject to liquidity risk. Additionally, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“HFCAA”) could cause securities of foreign companies, including American depositary receipts, to be delisted from U.S. stock exchanges if the companies do not allow the U.S. government to oversee the auditing of their financial information. Although the requirements of the HFCAA apply to securities of all foreign issuers, the SEC has thus far limited its enforcement efforts to securities of Chinese companies. If securities are delisted, a fund’s ability to transact in such securities will be impaired, and the liquidity and market price of the securities may decline. The fund may also need to seek other markets in which to transact in such securities, which could increase the fund’s costs. Currency risk. Continental Europe. | |
Hedging, Derivatives, and Other Strategic Transactions Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Hedging, Derivatives, and Other Strategic Transactions Risk The ability of the fund to utilize hedging, derivatives, and other strategic transactions to benefit the fund will depend in part on its Subadvisor’s ability to predict pertinent market movements and market risk, counterparty risk, credit risk, interest-rate risk, and other risk factors, none of which can be assured. The skills required to utilize hedging and other strategic transactions are different from those needed to select a fund’s securities. Even if the Subadvisor only uses hedging and other strategic transactions in the fund primarily for hedging purposes or to gain exposure to a particular securities market, if the transaction does not have the desired outcome, it could result in a significant loss to the fund. The amount of loss could be more than the principal amount invested. These transactions may also increase the volatility of the fund and may involve a small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of the risks assumed, thereby magnifying the impact of any resulting gain or loss. For example, the potential loss from the use of futures can exceed the fund’s initial investment in such contracts. In addition, these transactions could result in a loss to the fund if the counterparty to the transaction does not perform as promised. The fund may invest in derivatives, which are financial contracts with a value that depends on, or is derived from, the value of underlying assets, reference rates, or indexes. Derivatives may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, and related indexes. The fund may use derivatives for many purposes, including for hedging and as a substitute for direct investment in securities or other assets. Derivatives may be used in a way to efficiently adjust the exposure of the fund to various securities, markets, and currencies without the fund actually having to sell existing investments and make new investments. This generally will be done when the adjustment is expected to be relatively temporary or in anticipation of effecting the sale of fund assets and making new investments over time. Further, since many derivatives have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. When the fund uses derivatives for leverage, investments in the fund will tend to be more volatile, resulting in larger gains or losses in response to market changes. To limit risks associated with leverage, the fund is required to comply with the Rule 18f-4 The Derivatives Rule mandates that the fund adopt and/or implement: (i) value-at-risk 35-days At any time after the date of this Prospectus, legislation may be enacted that could negatively affect the assets of the fund. Legislation or regulation may change the way in which the fund itself is regulated. The Advisor cannot predict the effects of any new governmental regulation that may be implemented, and there can be no assurance that any new governmental regulation will not adversely affect the fund’s ability to achieve its investment objectives. The use of derivative instruments may involve risks different from, or potentially greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other, more traditional assets. In particular, the use of derivative instruments exposes the fund to the risk that the counterparty to an OTC derivatives contract will be unable or unwilling to make timely settlement payments or otherwise honor its obligations. OTC derivatives transactions typically can only be closed out with the other party to the transaction, although either party may engage in an offsetting transaction that puts that party in the same economic position as if it had closed out the transaction with the counterparty or may obtain the other party’s consent to assign the transaction to a third party. If the counterparty defaults, the fund will have contractual remedies, but there is no assurance that the counterparty will meet its contractual obligations or that, in the event of default, the fund will succeed in enforcing them. For example, because the contract for each OTC derivatives transaction is individually negotiated with a specific counterparty, the fund will be subject to the risk that a counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently than the fund when the fund seeks to enforce its contractual rights. If that occurs, the cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings required for the fund to enforce its contractual rights may lead it to decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty. The fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments owed to it under OTC derivatives contracts or that those payments may be delayed or made only after the fund has incurred the costs of litigation. While the Subadvisor intends to monitor the creditworthiness of counterparties, there can be no assurance that a counterparty will meet its obligations, especially during unusually adverse market conditions. To the extent the fund contracts with a limited number of counterparties, the fund’s risk will be concentrated and events that affect the creditworthiness of any of those counterparties may have a pronounced effect on the fund. Derivatives are also subject to a number of other risks, including market risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk. Since the value of derivatives is calculated and derived from the value of other assets, instruments, or references, there is a risk that they will be improperly valued. Derivatives also involve the risk that changes in their value may not correlate perfectly with the assets, rates, or indexes they are designed to hedge or closely track. Suitable derivatives transactions may not be available in all circumstances. The fund is also subject to the risk that the counterparty closes out the derivatives transactions upon the occurrence of certain triggering events. In addition, the Subadvisor may determine not to use derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce risk exposure. Government legislation or regulation could affect the use of derivatives transactions and could limit the fund’s ability to pursue its investment strategies. A detailed discussion of various hedging and other strategic transactions appears in the SAI. To the extent that the fund utilizes the following list of certain derivatives and other strategic transactions, it will be subject to associated risks. The main risks of each appear below. Credit default swaps. Futures Contracts. Interest-Rate Swaps. Options. Reverse Repurchase Agreements Swaps. | |
Illiquidity of Shares [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Illiquidity of Shares The fund is a closed-end closed-end Although the fund, at the sole discretion of the Board, will consider whether to make periodic repurchase offers of its outstanding Shares at net asset value, Shares are significantly less liquid than shares of funds that trade on a stock exchange. There is no guarantee that you will be able to sell all of your Shares that you desire to sell in any particular repurchase offer. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed by Shareholders holding Shares of the fund, the fund will repurchase only a pro rata pro-ration | |
Inflation Deflation Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Inflation/Deflation Risk Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investment will be worth less in the future, as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the Shares and distributions on those Shares can decline. In addition, during any periods of rising inflation, interest rates on any borrowings by the fund may increase, which would tend to further reduce returns to the holders of Shares. Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time, which may have an adverse effect on the market valuation of companies, their assets and revenues. In addition, deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer default more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the fund’s portfolio. | |
Lending Risk One [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Lending Risk The fund may originate loans to, or purchase, assignments of or participations in loans made to, various issuers, including distressed companies. Such investments may include senior secured, junior secured and mezzanine loans and other secured and unsecured debt that has been recently originated or that trade on the secondary market. The value of the fund’s investment in loans may be detrimentally affected to the extent a borrower defaults on its obligations, there is insufficient collateral and/or there are extensive legal and other costs incurred in collecting on a defaulted loan. However, there can be no assurance that the value assigned by the fund to collateral underlying a loan of the fund can be realized upon liquidation, nor can there be any assurance that collateral will retain its value. Moreover, loans may also be supported by collateral, the value of which may fluctuate. In addition, active lending/origination by the fund may subject it to additional regulation. Finally, there may be a monetary, as well as a time cost involved in collecting on defaulted loans and, if applicable, taking possession of various types of collateral. Should the fund need to collect on a defaulted loan, litigation could result. In addition, even before litigation is commenced, the fund could experience substantial costs in trying to collect on defaulted investments, such as legal fees, collection agency fees, or discounts related to the assignment of a defaulted loan to a third party. Any litigation may consume substantial amounts of the Advisor’s and the Subadvisor’s time and attention, and that time and the devotion of these resources to litigation may, at times, be disproportionate to the amounts at stake in the litigation. There will be no limits with respect to loan origination by the fund other than: (i) the diversification limits of the 1940 Act; and (ii) the restrictions on investments involving the Subadvisor’s affiliates (e.g., securitizations where the Subadvisor is sponsor). | |
Leverage Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Leverage Risk Leverage creates risks for Shareholders, including the likelihood of greater volatility of NAV and market price of, and distributions from, the Shares and the risk that fluctuations in the costs of borrowings may affect the return to Shareholders. To the extent the income derived from investments purchased with funds received from leverage exceeds the cost of leverage, the fund’s distributions will be greater than if leverage had not been used. Conversely, if the income from the investments purchased with such funds is not sufficient to cover the cost of leverage, the amount available for distribution to Shareholders will be less than if leverage had not been used. In the latter case, the Advisor, in its best judgment, may nevertheless determine to maintain the fund’s leveraged position if it deems such action to be appropriate. While the fund has preferred shares or borrowings outstanding, an increase in short-term rates would also result in an increased cost of leverage, which would adversely affect the fund’s income available for distribution. There can be no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful. The fee paid to the Advisor is calculated on the basis of the Advisor’s net assets, including assets attributable to any preferred shares that may be issued or to indebtedness, so the fees will be higher when leverage is utilized. In this regard, holders of any preferred shares do not bear the Management Fee. Rather, Shareholders bear the portion of the Management Fee attributable to the assets purchased with the proceeds, which means that Shareholders effectively bear the entire Management Fee. Leverage may be achieved through the purchase of certain derivative instruments. The fund’s use of derivative instruments exposes the fund to special risks. | |
Management Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Management Risk The fund is subject to management risk because it relies on the Subadvisor’s ability to pursue the fund’s investment objective, subject to the oversight of the Advisor and the Board. The Subadvisor applies investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the fund, but there can be no guarantee that it will produce the desired results. The Subadvisor’s securities selections and other investment decisions might produce a loss or cause the fund to underperform when compared to other funds with similar investment goals. If one or more key individuals leave the employ of the Subadvisor, then the Subadvisor may not be able to hire qualified replacements, or may require an extended time to do so. This could prevent the fund from achieving its investment objective. | |
Natural Disasters, Adverse Weather Conditions, and Climate Change [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Natural Disasters, Adverse Weather Conditions, and Climate Change Certain areas of the world may be exposed to adverse weather conditions, such as major natural disasters and other extreme weather events, including hurricanes, earthquakes, typhoons, floods, tidal waves, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, wildfires, droughts, windstorms, coastal storm surges, heat waves, and rising sea levels, among others. Some countries and regions may not have the infrastructure or resources to respond to natural disasters, making them more economically sensitive to environmental events. Such disasters, and the resulting damage, could have a severe and negative impact on the fund’s investment portfolio and, in the longer term, could impair the ability of issuers in which the fund invests to conduct their businesses in the manner normally conducted. Adverse weather conditions also may have a particularly significant negative effect on issuers in the agricultural sector and on insurance companies that insure against the impact of natural disasters. Climate change, which is the result of a change in global or regional climate patterns, may increase the frequency and intensity of such adverse weather conditions, resulting in increased economic impact, and may pose long-term risks to a fund’s investments. The future impact of climate change is difficult to predict but may include changes in demand for certain goods and services, supply chain disruption, changes in production costs, increased legislation, regulation, international accords and compliance-related costs, changes in property and security values, availability of natural resources and displacement of peoples. Legal, technological, political and scientific developments regarding climate change may create new opportunities or risks for issuers in which the fund invests. These developments may create demand for new products or services, including, but not limited to, increased demand for goods that result in lower emissions, increased demand for generation and transmission of energy from alternative energy sources and increased competition to develop innovative new products and technologies. These developments may also decrease demand for existing products or services, including, but not limited to, decreased demand for goods that produce significant greenhouse gas emissions and decreased demand for services related to carbon based energy sources, such as drilling services or equipment maintenance services. | |
Non Diversified Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Non-Diversified Overall risk can be reduced by investing in securities from a diversified pool of issuers, while overall risk is increased by investing in securities of a small number of issuers. If the fund is not diversified within the meaning of the 1940 Act, that means it is allowed to invest a large portion of assets in any one issuer or a small number of issuers, which may result in greater susceptibility to associated risks. As a result, credit, market, and other risks associated with a non-diversified | |
Operational and Cybersecurity Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Operational and Cybersecurity Risk With the increased use of technologies, such as mobile devices and cloud-based service offerings and the dependence on the internet and computer systems to perform necessary business functions, the fund’s service providers are susceptible to operational and information or cybersecurity risks that could result in losses to the fund and its Shareholders. Cybersecurity breaches are either intentional or unintentional events that allow an unauthorized party to gain access to fund assets, customer data, or proprietary information, or cause the fund or fund service provider to suffer data corruption or lose operational functionality. Intentional cybersecurity incidents include: unauthorized access to systems, networks, or devices (such as through “hacking” activity or “phishing”); infection from computer viruses or other malicious software code; and attacks that shut down, disable, slow, or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes, or website access or functionality. Cyberattacks can also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service A cybersecurity breach could result in the loss or theft of customer data or funds, loss or theft of proprietary information or corporate data, physical damage to a computer or network system, or costs associated with system repairs, any of which could have a substantial impact on the fund. For example, in a denial of service, fund Shareholders could lose access to their electronic accounts indefinitely, and employees of the Advisor, the Subadvisor, or the fund’s other service providers may not be able to access electronic systems to perform critical duties for the fund, such as trading, NAV calculation, shareholder accounting, or fulfillment of fund share purchases and share repurchases Cybersecurity incidents could cause the fund, the Advisor, the Subadvisor, or other service provider to incur regulatory penalties, reputational damage, compliance costs associated with corrective measures, litigation costs, or financial loss. They may also result in violations of applicable privacy and other laws. In addition, such incidents could affect issuers in which the fund invests, thereby causing the fund’s investments to lose value. Cyber-events have the potential to affect materially the fund and the Advisor’s relationships with accounts, shareholders, clients, customers, employees, products, and service providers. The fund has established risk management systems reasonably designed to seek to reduce the risks associated with cyber-events. There is no guarantee that the fund will be able to prevent or mitigate the impact of any or all cyber-events. The fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the fund’s service providers, counterparties, or other third parties, failed or inadequate processes, and technology or system failures. The Advisor, the Subadvisor, and their respective affiliates have established risk management systems that seek to reduce cybersecurity and operational risks, and business continuity plans in the event of a cybersecurity breach or operational failure. However, there are inherent limitations in such plans, including that certain risks have not been identified, and there is no guarantee that such efforts will succeed, especially since none of the Advisor, the Subadvisor, or their respective affiliates controls the cybersecurity or operations systems of the fund’s third-party service providers (including the fund’s custodian), or those of the issuers of securities in which the fund invests. In addition, other disruptive events, including (but not limited to) natural disasters and public health crises, may adversely affect the fund’s ability to conduct business, in particular if the fund’s employees or the employees of its service providers are unable or unwilling to perform their responsibilities as a result of any such event. Even if the fund’s employees and the employees of its service providers are able to work remotely, those remote work arrangements could result in the fund’s business operations being less efficient than under normal circumstances, could lead to delays in its processing of transactions, and could increase the risk of cyber-events. | |
Potential Consequences of Regular Repurchase Offers [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Potential Consequences of Regular Repurchase Offers The fund’s repurchase offer policy may have the effect of decreasing the size of the fund over time from what it otherwise would have been absent significant new investments in the fund. It may also force the fund to sell assets it would not otherwise sell and/or to maintain increased amounts of cash or liquid investments at times. It may also reduce the investment opportunities available to the fund and cause its expense ratio to increase. In addition, because of the limited market for private securities held by the fund, the fund may be forced to sell its liquid securities in order to meet cash requirements for repurchases. This may have the effect of substantially increasing the fund’s ratio of relatively more illiquid securities to relatively more liquid securities for the remaining investors. It is not the intention of the fund to do this; however, it may occur. | |
Short Sales Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Short Sales Risk The fund may make short sales of securities. This means the fund may sell a security that it does not own in anticipation of a decline in the market value of the security. The fund generally borrows the security to deliver to the buyer in a short sale. The fund must then buy the security at its market price when the borrowed security must be returned to the lender. Short sales involve costs and risk. The fund must pay the lender interest on a security it borrows, and the fund will lose money if the price of the borrowed security increases between the time of the short sale and the date when the fund replaces the borrowed security. Further, if other short positions of the same security are closed out at the same time, a “short squeeze” can occur where demand exceeds the supply for the security sold short. A short squeeze makes it more likely that the fund will need to replace the borrowed security at an unfavorable price. The fund may also make short sales “against the box.” In a short sale against the box, at the time of sale, the fund owns or has the right to acquire the identical security, or one equivalent in kind or amount, at no additional cost. Subject to regulatory requirements, until the fund closes its short position or replaces a borrowed security, the fund will comply with all applicable regulatory requirements, including the Derivatives Rule. | |
Subordinated Liens on Collateral [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Subordinated Liens on Collateral Certain debt investments that the fund may make will be secured on a second priority basis by the same collateral securing senior secured debt of such companies. The first priority liens on the collateral will secure the fund’s obligations under any outstanding senior debt and may secure certain other future debt that may be permitted to be incurred by the fund under the agreements governing the debt. The holders of obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral will generally control the liquidation of and be entitled to receive proceeds from any realization of the collateral to repay their obligations in full before the fund is so entitled. In addition, the value of the collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from the sale or sales of all of the collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the debt obligations secured by the second priority liens after payment in full of all obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral. If such proceeds are not sufficient to repay amounts outstanding under the debt obligations secured by the second priority liens, then, to the extent not repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the collateral, the fund will only have an unsecured claim against the company’s remaining assets, if any. The rights the fund may have with respect to the collateral securing the debt investments it makes with senior debt outstanding may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more inter-creditor agreements that the fund enters into with the holders of senior debt. Under such an inter-creditor agreement, at any time that obligations that have the benefit of the first priority liens are outstanding, any of the following actions that may be taken in respect of the collateral will be at the direction of the holders of the obligations secured by the first priority liens: the ability to cause the commencement of enforcement proceedings against the collateral; the ability to control the conduct of such proceedings; the approval of amendments to collateral documents; releases of liens on the collateral; and waivers of past defaults under collateral documents. The fund may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if its rights are adversely affected. | |
Tax Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Tax Risk To qualify for the special tax treatment available to regulated investment companies, the fund must: (i) derive at least 90% of its annual gross income from certain kinds of investment income; (ii) meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each quarter; and (iii) distribute in each taxable year at least the sum of 90% of its net investment income (including net interest income and net short term capital gain and 90% of its net exempt interest income). If the fund fails to meet any of these requirements, subject to the opportunity to cure such failures under applicable provisions of the Code, the fund will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates on its taxable income, including its net capital gain, even if such income were distributed to Shareholders. All distributions by the fund from earnings and profits, including distributions of net capital gain (if any), would be taxable to the Shareholders as ordinary income. Such distributions generally would be eligible (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of individual and other non-corporate The tax treatment and characterization of the fund’s distributions may vary significantly from time to time due to the nature of the fund’s investments. The ultimate tax characterization of the fund’s distributions in a calendar year may not finally be determined until after the end of that calendar year. The fund may make distributions during a calendar year that exceed the fund’s net investment income and net realized capital gain for that year. In such a situation, the amount by which the fund’s total distributions exceed net investment income and net realized capital gain generally would be treated as a return of capital up to the amount of the Shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Shares, with any amounts exceeding such basis treated as gain from the sale of his or her Shares. The fund’s income distributions that qualify for favorable tax treatment may be affected by the Internal Revenue Service’s (“IRS”) interpretations of the Code and future changes in tax laws and regulations. See “Federal Income Tax Matters.” No assurance can be given as to what percentage of the distributions paid on Shares, if any, will consist of long-term capital gain or what the tax rates on various types of income will be in future years. See “Federal Income Tax Matters.” | |
Valuation Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Valuation Risk The Board has designated the Advisor as the valuation designee to perform fair value functions for the fund in accordance with the Advisor’s valuation policies and procedures. In accordance with these policies and procedures, the Advisor values the fund’s investments at fair value as determined in good faith when market quotations are not readily available or are deemed to be unreliable. As a result, there can be no assurance that fair value pricing will reflect actual market value, and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security or other asset will be materially different from quoted or published prices, from the prices used by others for the same security or other asset and/or from the value that actually could be or is realized upon the sale of that security or other asset. The Advisor, as valuation designee, is subject to Board oversight and reports to the Board information regarding the fair valuation process and related material matters. | |
Usury Limitations [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Usury Limitations Interest charged on loans originated or acquired by the fund may be subject to state usury laws imposing maximum interest rates and penalties for violations, including restitution of excess interest and unenforceability of debt. | |
Risks Related to Equipment Investments [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Risks Related to Equipment Investments The fund may invest in equipment loans or finance leases. Finance leases are equipment leases which, due to the terms of the lease, constitute loans with the lessee being the legal owner of the underlying equipment and the lessor being the secured party. Equipment loans and finance leases are debt obligations secured by equipment owned and used by the borrower or lessee (as applicable). The fund may also invest in equipment where the fund is the owner of the relevant equipment and the lease is considered an operating lease rather than a financing lease. Investments in equipment loans, finance leases and operating leases have the following principal risks: • Credit risk; • Interest rate risk; • Structural and legal risks; • Casualty losses and insurance risks; • Changes in supply and demand; • Decreases in equipment values; • Lessee and/or borrower defaults; • Negative developments in the economy that impact the lessee/borrower; • Business interruption caused by mechanical failure, human error or force majeure events; • Failure to obtain required licenses and approvals to operate equipment or underlying business; • Liability risk as owner of equipment; • Technological innovation rendering equipment obsolescence; and • Remarketing risk. | |
Risks Related to Healthcare Loans and Royalty Backed Credit Investments [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Risks Related to Healthcare Loans and Royalty-Backed Credit Investments Healthcare Product-Related Risk The ability of the fund to generate returns will depend in part on the success of the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, specialty and generic pharmaceuticals, medical devices and products, laboratory and diagnostics products (the “Products”) related to the fund’s investments. To the extent any risks described below adversely affect sales of Products, potential returns for Shareholders will, in turn, be adversely affected. Products Sales Risk Sales from Products may be lower than their historical levels or lower than the amounts projected due to pricing pressures, insufficient demand, product competition, lack of market acceptance, obsolescence, safety or efficacy issues, restrictions on distribution imposed or requested by regulatory authorities, narrowing of the approved indication(s) for use, additions of boxed warnings or other warnings or precautions to the labeling, manufacturing shortages, loss of patent protection or other factors. Medical Withdrawal Risk After its regulatory approval and introduction into the market, a Product may still be subject to withdrawal from the market at the request or direction of the FDA or a foreign regulatory body. The manufacturer or marketer of a Product may voluntarily withdraw the Product from the market for medical, technical, regulatory, commercial or other reasons. There can be no assurance that a Product will not be withdrawn. Medical Product Competition Risk The healthcare industry is highly competitive and rapidly evolving. Each Product is subject to competition from alternative products or procedures that are now available, or that may be developed or become available in the future. The Products face competition from (i) products currently on the market that are approved for other indications, but may be subsequently approved for the same indications as those of the Products, (ii) off-label Licensees of the Products (“Licensees”) are responsible for the development, production, marketing and sale of the Products. The sale of the Products and the Licensees’ ability to maintain their competitive positions are related to the success of the Licensees’ respective marketing efforts. These efforts rely, in part, on the strength and reputation of a Product’s brand name, the capabilities of the Licensee’s sales force, and underlying trademarks, trade names and related intellectual property. A Licensee’s activities both in marketing the Products and in protecting its intellectual property may be outside the control of the fund. A Licensee’s failure either to market the Products actively or to diligently protect its intellectual property rights could reduce its competitive position. Other factors affecting the market position of the Products include their effectiveness, side effect profile, price and third-party insurance reimbursement policies. Independent Medical Licensees Revenue received by the fund is expected to include royalties paid by the Licensees or, in the case of bonds or other securities collateralized by royalties, payments supported by royalties paid by the Licensees. These Licensees are not owned by or affiliated with the fund and some of these Licensees may have interests that are different from the fund’s interests. These Licensees may be motivated to maximize income by allocating resources to other products and, in the future, may decide to focus less attention on the Products. There can be no assurance that each of these parties has adequate resources and motivation to continue to produce, market and sell the Products. Aside from any limited audit rights relating to the activities of the Licensees that the fund may have in certain circumstances, the fund does not have oversight rights with respect to the Licensees’ operations. The fund also has limited information on the Licensees’ operations. While the fund may be able to receive certain information relating to sales of Products through the exercise of audit rights and review of royalty reports, if available, the fund will not have the right to review or receive other important information relating to Products, including the results of any studies conducted by the Licensees or others, or complaints from doctors or users of the Products, that the Licensees may have. The market performance of the Products, therefore, may be diminished by any number of factors relating to the Licensees that are beyond the fund’s control. In addition, royalty payments are determined by the Licensees based on their reported sales. Each Licensee’s calculation of the royalty payments is subject to and dependent upon the adequacy and accuracy of its sales and accounting functions, and errors may occur from time to time in the calculations made by a Licensee. While the fund may have certain audit rights with respect to the calculations and sales data for the associated royalty payments, such audit rights will be limited. In addition, such audits may occur many months following the fund’s recognition of the royalty revenue, may require the fund to adjust its royalty revenues in later periods and may require expense on the part of the fund. Generic Medical Product Substitutes Although the Products are based upon patents and/or patent applications with exclusive rights and may have other types of exclusivity under relevant laws, a regulatory authority may, upon expiration of such exclusivities, authorize marketing by a third party for a generic substitute for a Product, in which case the Product would become subject to competition from such generic substitute. Generic substitutes are typically sold at significantly lower prices than branded products. Governmental and other pressures to reduce pharmaceutical costs, including from third-party payers such as health maintenance organizations and health insurers, could influence physicians or pharmacies to increasingly use generic substitutes for the Products. Potential Medical Product Liability Claims The manufacturers, developers or marketers of the Products could become subject to product liability claims. A successful product liability claim could adversely affect the amount of revenue generated by the fund. Although the fund believes that it will not bear responsibility in the event of a product liability claim against the company manufacturing, marketing and/or selling the underlying Products, there can be no assurance that such claims would not materially and adversely affect the fund. Patent and Other Intellectual Property Rights May Be Challenged and/or Otherwise Compromised The success of the fund’s investments will frequently depend, at least in part, on the existence of valid and enforceable claims of issued patents and/or claims in pending patent applications in the United States and elsewhere throughout the world, and/or possibly on other forms of registered and/or unregistered intellectual property rights. For instance, in the case of royalty investments, the fund’s right to receive payments will depend on the sales of Products covered by such intellectual property rights. In the case of credit investments in companies in the healthcare industry, these companies’ performance and consequently the success of the fund’s investments in these companies will similarly be dependent on these intellectual property rights. The patents, patent applications, and/or other intellectual property rights on which these royalty streams or other investments depend may be challenged, invalidated, rendered unenforceable or otherwise compromised. By way of example only, there can be no assurance that a third party will not assert ownership or other rights in or to any such patents, patent applications or other intellectual property, or that any patent applications on which royalty streams or other investments may depend will proceed to grant. Similarly, there can be no assurance that, in the context of a patent challenge or otherwise, evidence such as prior art references, will not be uncovered that could have an adverse effect on the scope, validity or enforceability of any of the patents or on the patentability of any of the patent applications on which the royalty streams or other investments depend. Any challenge or other compromise of the patents, patent applications or other intellectual property rights on which the royalty streams or other investments depend may adversely affect the performance of the fund. Challenges from the Licensees Challenges to patent rights on which the royalty streams, and possibly other investments, may depend may come from Licensees as well as third parties. Pursuant to the Supreme Court decision of Medimmune v. Genentech Medical Intellectual Property May be Infringed or Circumvented by Others There is a risk that third parties may use the patents, patent applications and/or other intellectual property rights on which the royalty streams and other investments depend without authorization from the licensor or in the case of royalty streams, without otherwise paying royalties to the licensor. There also is a risk that companies within the healthcare industry may develop or otherwise obtain intellectual property that potentially could reduce any competitive advantage afforded by the patents, patent applications and/or other intellectual property on which the royalty streams or other investments depend. The undetected or unremedied use of these intellectual rights by third parties, and/or the design-around or circumvention of these intellectual property rights, could adversely affect the payments that the fund would receive. Medical Trade Secrets The fund’s right to receive payments in relation to royalty streams or other investments may depend, in part, on trade secrets, know-how know-how Foreign Jurisdiction Treatment of Medical Product Revenue Sources A significant a portion of the royalty streams and other investments of the fund may relate to income generated from the manufacture, use or sale of the Products outside of the United States. The patents, patent applications and/or other intellectual property rights on which the royalty streams or other investments depend may not extend in each jurisdiction in which such Products are made, used or sold, and thus it may not be possible to prevent competitors from exploiting competing products in such markets. In addition, foreign jurisdictions have differing procedures and/or standards for prosecuting and/or maintaining patents, and may provide differing degrees of protection against the infringement or other unauthorized use of patents or other intellectual property. These variations among various international jurisdictions may affect the payments that the fund would receive. The Fund Depends on Third Parties to Maintain, Enforce and Defend Patent Rights and Other Intellectual Property Rights on which the Fund’s Right to Receive Payments May Depend While the value of the fund’s investments, including royalty streams may be highly dependent on the prosecution, maintenance, defense and/or enforcement of the patents, patent applications and other intellectual property rights, in most, if not all cases, the fund has no ability to control these activities and must rely on the willingness and ability of the licensor or its designee to undertake these activities. It is anticipated that the licensor or its designee will be in the best position to prosecute, maintain, enforce and/or defend the underlying patent and other intellectual property rights and that the licensor or its designee will have the requisite business and financial motivation to do so. However, there can be no assurance that these third parties will seek to vigorously prosecute, maintain, enforce or defend such rights, or that their efforts to do so will be successful. Any failure to successfully prosecute, maintain, enforce or defend such rights could have a material adverse effect on the respective investment and on the fund. The fund may not have the ability to participate in patent or other proceedings brought by or against the licensor or its designee, and if it does, the fund could incur substantial litigation costs. Changes in Intellectual Property Law Legislative, judicial and/or regulatory changes could occur during the term of the fund with respect to intellectual property matters that may adversely affect its ability to derive income from the royalty streams and other investments. By way of example only, in the United States, patent reform legislation is pending, that among other things, potentially could create additional risks with respect to validity and/or enforceability of patents. Infringement of Third Party Patents and Other Intellectual Property Rights The commercial success of the Products depends, in part, on avoiding infringement of the intellectual property rights of others. Third party issued patents or patent applications, trademarks, copyright, designs or other intellectual property rights claiming subject matter used to manufacture, market, sell and/or use the Products could exist. There can be no assurance that a license would be available for such subject matter if such infringement were to exist or, if offered, would be offered on reasonable and/or commercially feasible terms. Without such a license, it may be possible for third parties to assert infringement or other intellectual property claims against a Licensee based on such patents or other intellectual property rights. For instance, in the case of royalty streams, an adverse outcome in infringement proceedings could subject the Licensee to significant liabilities to third parties, require disputed rights to be licensed from third parties or require the Licensee to cease or modify its manufacturing, marketing, distribution, sale and/or use of the Products, thereby reducing the royalty streams. Finite Terms and Other Contractual Matters Rights to receive payments in respect of royalty streams typically have limited terms that are generally not subject to extension. Following the termination or expiration of the licensed intellectual property rights, or the termination or expiration of the license or contractual right to receive payments under any agreement pursuant to which the fund has the right to receive payments, the fund may not receive any further revenue related to the relevant Product, even if the Product continues to be sold. There also is a risk that disputes may arise with respect to the license agreements pertaining to the patents, patent applications and/or other intellectual property rights on which the royalty streams depend that adversely affect the fund’s right or ability to collect payments. Product Development Risks Though it is not the primary focus of the fund, the fund may in certain circumstances acquire some interests in Products undergoing development or clinical trials that have not yet received marketing approval by any regulatory authority. There can be no assurance that the FDA or other regulatory authorities will approve or clear such Products, or that such Products will be brought to market in a timely manner or at all. The research, development, preclinical and clinical trials, manufacturing, labeling, and marketing related to a health care company’s products are subject to an extensive regulatory approval process by regulatory agencies. The process for obtaining required regulatory approvals, including the required preclinical and clinical testing, is very lengthy, costly, and uncertain. There can be no guarantee that, even after such time and expenditures, a company will be able to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals for clinical testing or for the manufacturing or marketing of any products or that the approved labeling will be sufficient for favorable marketing and promotional activities. If a company is unable to obtain these approvals in a timely fashion, or if after approval for marketing, a product is later shown to be ineffective or to have unacceptable side effects not discovered during testing, the company may experience significant adverse effects, which in turn could negatively affect the performance of the fund. Manufacturing and Supply Risk Pharmaceutical products are manufactured in specialized facilities that, in major markets, require the approval of, and are subject to ongoing regulation by, regulatory agencies. For example, in the United States, Europe, and Japan (among other countries), drug product manufacturers must achieve and maintain compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (“ GMPs ICH In addition, manufacturers of such Products may rely on third parties for aspects of the manufacturing process, including packaging of the Products or supplying bulk raw material used in the manufacture of the Products. Licensees generally rely on a small number of key, highly specialized suppliers, manufacturers and packagers. Any interruptions, however minimal, in the operation of these facilities could have a material adverse effect on Product sales. Medical Enforcement Risk Marketed medical products are subject to extensive postmarketing requirements, including laws and regulations related to advertising and promotion, safety surveillance and reporting, and price reporting. Failure to comply with these requirements could result in a range of enforcement actions that could have a material adverse effect on Product sales, including investigations, administrative penalties, judicial oversight, and potentially even market withdrawal. Uncertainty Related to Healthcare Reimbursement and Reform Measures In both the U.S. and foreign markets, sales of a health care company’s products and its success depend in part on the availability of reimbursement from third-party payors, including government health administration authorities (such as Medicare or Medicaid in the United States), private health insurers, and other health management organizations. The revenues and profitability of life sciences companies may be affected by the continuing efforts of governmental and other payors to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare. Payors are increasingly challenging the prices charged for medical products and services that they reimburse. If the Products of the companies the fund invests in are determined to not meet the criteria for coverage or reimbursement, these organizations may not reimburse the Products or may at lower levels. Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved products. There can be no assurance that a company’s proposed product will be considered cost-effective or that adequate third-party reimbursement will be available to enable a company to maintain price levels sufficient to realize an appropriate return on its investment in product development. In addition, changes in government legislation or regulation, changes in formulary or compendia listings, or changes in payors’ policies may reduce reimbursement of such products. If reimbursement is reduced or is not available for a Product, sales would diminish and decrease cash flows available to satisfy royalty payment obligations, thereby harming the fund’s revenue. In addition, macroeconomic factors may affect the ability of patients to pay for Products by, for example, diminishing the income patients have to pay out-of-pocket | |
Risks Related to Transportation Investments [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Risks Related to Transportation Investments The Fund’s Aviation Investment Strategy Depends on the Continual Leasing and Remarketing of Aircrafts and Aircraft Engines The fund’s ability to lease and remarket its aircrafts or aircraft engines will depend on general market and competitive conditions at the time the initial leases are entered into and expire. If the fund is not able to lease or remarket an aircraft or aircraft engine or to do so on favorable terms, it may be required to attempt to sell the aircraft or aircraft engine to provide funds for debt service obligations or other expenses. The fund’s ability to lease, remarket or sell the aircraft or aircraft engine on favorable terms or without significant off-lease The Fund Could Incur Significant Costs Resulting from Aviation Lease Defaults If the fund is required to repossess an aircraft or aircraft engine after a lessee default, it may incur significant costs. Those costs likely would include legal and other expenses associated with court or other governmental proceedings, particularly if the lessee is contesting the proceedings or is in bankruptcy. In addition, during any such proceedings the relevant aircraft or aircraft engine would likely not be generating revenue. The fund could also incur substantial maintenance, refurbishment or repair costs if a defaulting lessee fails to pay such costs and where such maintenance, refurbishment or repairs are necessary to put the aircraft or aircraft engine in suitable condition for remarketing or sale. The fund may also incur storage costs associated with any aircraft or aircraft engine that the fund repossesses and is unable to place immediately with another lessee. It may also be necessary to pay off liens, taxes and other governmental charges on the aircraft or aircraft engine to obtain clear possession and to remarket the aircraft or aircraft engine effectively, including, in some cases, liens that the lessor might have incurred in connection with the operation of its other aircrafts or aircraft engines. The fund could also incur other costs in connection with the physical possession of the aircraft or aircraft engine. The fund may suffer other negative consequences as a result of a lessee default, the related termination of the lease and the repossession of the related aircraft or aircraft engine. It is likely that its rights upon a lessee default will vary significantly depending upon the jurisdiction and the applicable law, including the need to obtain a court order for repossession of the aircraft or aircraft engine and/or consents for deregistration or export of the aircraft or aircraft engine. It is expected that when a defaulting lessee is in bankruptcy, protective administration, insolvency or similar proceedings, additional limitations may apply. Certain jurisdictions give rights to the trustee in bankruptcy or a similar officer to assume or reject the lease or to assign it to a third party, or entitle the lessee or another third party to retain possession of the aircraft or aircraft engine without paying lease rentals or performing all or some of the obligations under the relevant lease. If the fund repossesses an aircraft or aircraft engine, the fund may not necessarily be able to export or deregister and profitably redeploy the aircraft or aircraft engine. For instance, where a lessee or other operator flies only domestic routes in the jurisdiction in which the aircraft or aircraft engine is registered, repossession may be more difficult, especially if the jurisdiction permits the lessee or the other operator to resist deregistration. The fund may also incur significant costs in retrieving or recreating records required for registration of the aircraft or aircraft engine, and in obtaining the Certificate of Airworthiness for an aircraft or aircraft engine. If, upon a lessee default, the fund incurs significant costs in connection with repossessing its aircraft or aircraft engine, is delayed in repossessing its aircraft or aircraft engine or is unable to obtain possession of its aircraft or aircraft engine as a result of lessee defaults, the fund may incur substantial losses. The Fund May Experience Abnormally High Maintenance or Obsolescence Issues with Its Aircraft or Aircraft Engine Aircrafts and aircraft engines are long-lived assets, requiring long lead times to develop and manufacture, with particular types and models becoming obsolete or less in demand over time when newer, more advanced aircrafts or aircraft engines are manufactured. The fund’s aircrafts and aircraft engines have exposure to obsolescence, particularly if unanticipated events occur which shorten the life cycle of such aircraft or aircraft engine types. These events include but are not limited to government regulation, technological innovations or changes in airline customers’ preferences. These events may shorten the life cycle for aircraft or aircraft engine types in the fund’s fleet and, accordingly, may negatively impact lease rates or result in losses. Further, variable expenses like fuel, crew or aging aircraft or aircraft engine corrosion control or modification programs and airworthiness directives could make the operation of older aircraft more costly to the fund’s lessees and may result in increased lessee defaults. The fund may also incur some of these increased maintenance expenses and regulatory costs upon acquisition or remarketing of its aircraft or aircraft engine. Any of these expenses or costs may cause the fund to incur substantial losses. The Value of the Aircrafts or Aircraft Engines the Fund Will Acquire and the Market Rates for Leases Could Decline Aircraft or aircraft engine values and market rates for leases have from time to time experienced sharp decreases due to a number of factors including, but not limited to, decreases in passenger demand, increases in fuel costs, government regulation and increases in interest rates. Operating leases place the risk of realization of residual values on aircraft or aircraft engine lessors because only a portion of the equipment’s value is covered by contractual cash flows at lease inception. • the particular maintenance, operating history and documentary records of the aircraft or aircraft engine; • the number of operators using that type of aircraft or aircraft engine; • aircraft or aircraft engine age; • the regulatory authority under which the aircraft or aircraft engine is operated; • any renegotiation of an existing lease on less favorable terms; • the negotiability of clear title free from mechanics’ liens and encumbrances; • any regulatory and legal requirements that must be satisfied before the aircraft or aircraft engine can be purchased, sold or re-leased; • compatibility of aircraft or aircraft engine configurations or specifications with other aircrafts or aircraft engines owned by operators of that type; • comparative value based on newly manufactured competitive aircrafts or aircraft engines; and • the availability of spare parts. Any decrease in the value of aircrafts or aircraft engines that the fund acquires and market rates for leases, which may result from the above factors or other unanticipated factors, could cause the fund to incur substantial losses. Liability Risk as Lessor Section 44112 of Title 49 of the United States Code (“ Section 44112 Losses provided e.g. | |
Risks of Aircraft or Aircraft Engine Lease Receivables, Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificates, Aircraft Engine Mortgages and other Aviation Related Asset Backed Securities that Seek to Monetize Leases or Mortgages [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Risks of Aircraft or Aircraft Engine Lease Receivables, Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificates, Aircraft Engine Mortgages and other Aviation-Related Asset-Backed Securities that Seek to Monetize Leases or Mortgages The fund may invest in airline/aircraft or aircraft engine assets, which may include aircraft or aircraft engine lease receivables (“ ALRs In addition, the fund may invest in enhanced equipment trust certificates (“ EETCs Furthermore, the fund may invest in aviation-related asset-backed securities that seek to monetize leases or mortgages. Aircraft and aircraft engine mortgage monetization notes and aircraft and aircraft engine lease monetization notes are asset-backed securities that represent interests in pools of aircraft and aircraft engine mortgages or operating leases, respectively, on various aircraft and aircraft engine types of airlines located throughout the world. Holders of such securities bear various risks, including, among other things, lease rates and residual values, increased fuel costs, credit, technological, legal, regulatory, terrorism and geopolitical risks. Uncertainty and instability in certain countries in which airlines are located could have a material adverse effect on such securities as well. Additionally, with respect to lease monetization notes, portfolio management and the remarketing and re-leasing re-leased re-leased, Investments by the fund in single aircraft or aircraft engine mortgages on the secondary market will be subject to similar risks as investments in aircraft and aircraft engine mortgage monetization notes. However, such investments may not have the benefit of diversification across a wider range of aircraft and aircraft engine assets and airlines or credit enhancement as may be the case with aircraft and aircraft engine mortgage monetization notes. Airline Regulation The airline industry is subject to regulation in the United States by, among others, the U.S. Department of Transportation and the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (“ FAA Failure to Obtain Certain Required Licenses and Approvals Airlines are subject to extensive regulation under the laws of the jurisdictions in which they are registered and in which they operate. As a result, the fund expects that certain aspects of its leases will require licenses, consents or approvals, including consents from governmental or regulatory authorities for certain payments under its leases and for the import, export or deregistration of the aircraft or aircraft engine. Subsequent changes in applicable law or administrative practice may increase such requirements and governmental consent, once given, could be withdrawn. Furthermore, consents needed in connection with the future remarketing or sale of an aircraft or aircraft engine may not be forthcoming. Any of these events could negatively affect the fund’s ability to remarket or sell aircrafts or aircraft engines which may cause the fund to incur substantial losses. Effects of the Aviation Security Act The U.S. Aviation and Transportation Security Act (the “ Aviation Security Act Effect of Airworthiness Directives and Operating Restrictions The maintenance and operation of aircraft and aircraft engines are strictly regulated by the FAA in the U.S. and similar governmental authorities in foreign jurisdictions. These rules and regulations govern such matters as certification, registration, inspection, operation and maintenance procedures, personnel certification and record keeping. Periodically, the FAA issues airworthiness directives requiring changes to aircraft or aircraft engine maintenance programs and procedures. Such airworthiness directives are issued from time to time with respect to aircraft and aircraft engines to ensure that they remain airworthy and safe. Future regulatory changes may also increase the cost of operating and/or maintaining aircraft and aircraft engines, which may adversely affect their residual value and the profitability of the fund, as can the failure of a lessee to comply with the maintenance provisions as set forth in its lease. The cost of compliance with such requirements may be significant. Environmental Regulations May Negatively Affect the Airline Industry Governmental regulations regarding aircraft and aircraft engine noise and emissions levels apply based on where the relevant aircraft or aircraft engine is registered and operated. For example, jurisdictions throughout the world have adopted noise regulations which require all aircrafts and aircraft engines to comply with noise level standards. In addition to the current requirements, the United States and the International Civil Aviation Organization (the “ ICAO phase-out non-compliant In addition to more stringent noise restrictions, the United States and other jurisdictions are beginning to impose more stringent limits on nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions from engines, consistent with current ICAO standards. These limits generally apply only to engines manufactured after 1999. Because aircraft engines are replaced from time to time in the normal course, it is likely that the number of such engines would increase over time. The ICAO is developing a global scheme based on market-based measures to limit CO2 emissions from international aviation to be implementing by 2020. Concerns over global warming could result in more stringent limitations on the operation of aircraft powered by older, noncompliant engines, as well as newer engines. European countries generally have relatively strict environmental regulations that can restrict operational flexibility and decrease aircraft and aircraft engine productivity. The European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme requires that all of the emissions associated with international flights that land or take off within the European Union are subject to the trading program, even those emissions that are emitted outside of the European Union. The United Kingdom doubled its air passenger duties, in recognition of the environmental costs of air travel and similar measures may be implemented in other jurisdictions as a result of environmental concerns. These regulations could limit the economic life of the aircraft and aircraft engines, reduce their value, limit the fund’s ability to lease or sell the compliance aircraft and aircraft engines or, if engine modifications are permitted, require the fund to make significant additional investments in the aircraft and aircraft engines to make them compliant, which could cause the fund to incur substantial losses. Further, compliance with current or future regulations, taxes or duties imposed to deal with environmental concerns could cause lessees to incur higher costs and to generate lower net revenues, resulting in a negative impact on their financial conditions. Consequently, such compliance may affect lessees’ ability to make rental and other lease payments and reduce the value the fund receives for the aircraft or aircraft engine upon any disposition, which could cause the fund to incur substantial losses. Cyclical Nature of the Maritime Sector The maritime sector is cyclical, with volatility in charter rates, profitability and vessel values. Future demand for vessels will be dependent upon continued economic growth in numerous international economies, and will be influenced by seasonal and regional changes in demand and changes in the capacity of the world’s shipping fleets. A decline in demand for commodities or other products transported in ships or an increase in the supply of such vessels could materially adversely affect the fund’s investments. Historically, demand for vessels has generally been influenced by factors including global and regional economic conditions, developments in international trade, changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns, such as port congestion and canal closures, currency exchange rates, armed conflict and terrorist activities including piracy, political developments, and sanctions, embargoes and strikes. Additionally, supply of vessels has generally been influenced by factors including the number of expected new building vessel deliveries, the scrapping rate of older vessels, access to traditional debt to finance the construction of new vessels, changes in environmental or other regulations that may limit the useful life of certain vessels. In addition to the prevailing and anticipated freight rates, factors that affect the rate of newbuilding, scrapping and laying-up Maritime Risks The operation of an ocean-going vessel carries inherent risks. These risks include, among others, the possibility of marine disaster, piracy, environmental accidents, grounding, fire, explosions and collisions, cargo and property losses or damage, business interruptions caused by mechanical failure, human error, war, terrorism, political action in various countries, labor strikes or adverse weather conditions and work stoppages or other labor problems with crew members serving on vessels including crew strikes and/or boycotts. Such occurrences could result in death or injury to persons, loss of property or environmental damage, delays in the delivery of cargo, loss of revenues from or termination of charter contracts, governmental fines, penalties or restrictions on conducting business, higher insurance rates and damage to counterparties’ reputation and customer relationships generally. International Operations Risks The maritime sector is an inherently risky business involving global operations. A counterparty’s vessels will be at risk of damage or loss because of events such as mechanical failure, collision, human error, war, terrorism, piracy, cargo loss and bad weather. All these hazards can result in death or injury to persons, increased costs, loss of revenues, loss or damage to property (including cargo), environmental damage, higher insurance rates, damage to the counterparty’s customer relationships, harm to its reputation as a safe and reliable operator and delay or rerouting. In addition, changing economic, regulatory and political conditions in some countries, including political and military conflicts, have from time to time resulted in attacks on vessels, mining of waterways, piracy, terrorism, labor strikes and boycotts. These sorts of events could interfere with shipping routes and result in market disruptions which could have a material adverse effect on the fund’s financial condition, cash flows and ability to pay distributions. Maritime Claims Maritime claimants may seek to arrest a vessel owned or held by a counterparty and used as security for an investment by the fund. Crew members, suppliers of goods and services to a vessel and other parties may be entitled to maritime liens against that vessel for unsatisfied debts, claims or damages, which liens may be senior to the fund’s investment in the capital structure of a counterparty. In many jurisdictions, a maritime lien holder may enforce its lien by arresting or attaching a vessel and commencing foreclosure proceedings. The arrest or attachment of one or more of the vessels of a counterparty could result in a significant loss of earnings for the related off-hire | |
Risks Related to Commercial Real Estate and Residential Real Estate Investments [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Risks Related to Commercial Real Estate and Residential Real Estate Investments Investments in Real Estate Investments and Real Estate Debt Generally The fund may seek to originate and acquire loans secured by commercial or residential real estate. Any deterioration of real estate fundamentals generally could negatively impact the fund’s performance by making it more difficult for borrowers to satisfy their debt payment obligations, increasing the default risk applicable to borrowers and making it relatively more difficult for the fund to meet its investment objective. Real estate investments are subject to various risks, including: (i) economic and market fluctuations; (ii) changes in environmental, zoning and other laws; (iii) casualty or condemnation losses; (iv) regulatory limitations on rents; (v) decreases in property values; (vi) changes in the appeal of properties to tenants; (vii) tenant defaults; (viii) changes in supply and demand; (ix) energy supply shortages; (x) various uninsured or uninsurable risks; (xi) natural disasters; (xii) changes in government regulations (such as rent control); (xiii) changes in the availability of debt financing and/or mortgage funds which may render the sale or refinancing of properties difficult or impracticable; (xiv) increased mortgage defaults; (xv) increases in borrowing rates; and (xvi) negative developments in the economy that depress travel activity, demand and real estate values generally. Debt investments are subject to credit and interest rate risks. Risks Associated with Commercial Real Estate Loans Loans on commercial real estate properties generally lack standardized terms, which may complicate their structure and increase due diligence costs. Commercial real estate properties tend to be unique and are more difficult to value than residential properties. Commercial real estate loans also tend to have shorter maturities than residential mortgage loans and are generally not fully amortizing, which means that they may have a significant principal balance or “balloon” payment due on maturity. Loans with a balloon payment involve a greater risk to a lender than fully amortizing loans because the ability of a borrower to make a balloon payment typically will depend upon its ability either to fully refinance the loan or to sell the collateral property at a price sufficient to permit the borrower to make the balloon payment. The ability of a borrower to effect a refinancing or sale will be affected by a number of factors, including the value of the property, mortgage rates at the time of sale or refinancing, the borrower’s equity in the property, the financial condition and operating history of the property and the borrower, tax laws, prevailing economic conditions and the availability of credit for loans secured by the specific type of property. Investing in commercial real estate loans is subject to cyclicality and other uncertainties. The cyclicality and leverage associated with commercial real estate loans also have historically resulted in periods, including significant periods, of adverse performance, including performance that may be materially more adverse than the performance associated with other investments. Commercial real estate loans generally are non-recourse Risks Associated with Residential Mortgage Loans The fund may invest in loans secured by residential real estate, including potentially mortgages made to borrowers with lower credit scores. Accordingly, such mortgage loans may be more sensitive to economic factors that could affect the ability of borrowers to pay their obligations under the mortgage loans. A decline or an extended flattening of home prices and appraisal values may result in increases in delinquencies and losses on residential mortgage loans, particularly with respect to second homes and investor properties and with respect to any residential mortgage loan where the aggregate loan amount (including any subordinate liens) is close to or greater than the related property value. Another factor that may result in higher delinquency rates is the increase in monthly payments on adjustable-rate mortgage loans. Borrowers with adjustable payment mortgage loans will be exposed to increased monthly payments when the related mortgage interest rate adjusts upward from the initial fixed rate or a low introductory rate, as applicable, to the rate computed in accordance with the applicable index and margin. Certain residential mortgage loans may be structured with negative amortization features. Negative amortization arises when the mortgage payment in respect of a loan is smaller than the interest due on such loan. On any such mortgage loans, if the required minimum monthly payments are less than the interest accrued on the loan, the interest shortfall is added to the principal balance, causing the loan balance to increase rather than decrease over time. Because the related mortgagors may be required to make a larger single payment upon maturity, the default risk associated with such mortgage loans may be greater than that associated with fully amortizing mortgage loans. The market for mortgage loans has been and may continue to be negatively affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) (COVID-19) Risks Associated with Mezzanine Investments The fund may invest in mezzanine debt which has significant leverage ranking ahead of the fund’s investment. While the Subadvisor anticipates that the fund’s investment will usually benefit from the same or similar financial and other covenants as those enjoyed by the leverage ranking ahead of the fund’s investment, and will usually benefit from cross-default provisions, some or all of such terms may not be part of particular investments. The Subadvisor anticipates that the fund’s usual security for its mezzanine investments will be pledges of ownership interests, directly and/or indirectly, in a property-owning entity, and in some cases the fund may not have a mortgage or other direct security interest in the underlying real estate assets. Moreover, it is likely that the fund will be restricted in the exercise of its rights in respect of its mezzanine investments by the terms of subordination agreements between it and the debt or other securities ranking ahead of the mezzanine capital. Accordingly, the fund may not be able to take the steps necessary to protect its mezzanine investments in a timely manner or at all and there can be no assurance that the rate of return objectives of the fund or any particular investment will be achieved. To protect its original investment and to gain greater control over the underlying assets, the fund may need to elect to purchase the interest of a senior creditor or take an equity interest in the underlying assets, which may require additional investment by the fund. Risks Associated With B-notes The fund may hold B-notes As the terms of such loans and investments are subject to contractual relationships among lenders, co-lending B-notes B-notes Risks Associated with Construction Loans The fund may invest in mortgage loans used to finance the cost of construction or rehabilitation of a property, including ground up construction. Such construction lending may expose the fund to increased lending risks. Construction loans generally expose a lender to greater risk of non-payment and loss than permanent commercial mortgage loans because repayment of the loans often depends on the borrower’s ability to secure permanent “take-out” financing, which requires the successful completion of construction and stabilization of the project, or operation of the property with an income stream sufficient to meet operating expenses, including debt service on such replacement financing. For construction loans, increased risks include the accuracy of the estimate of the property’s value at completion of construction and the estimated cost of construction—all of which may be affected by unanticipated construction delays and cost over-runs. Construction delays and cost over-runs may result from increasing costs or shortages of skilled labor and/or framing, concrete, steel and other building materials, environmental damage, delays in obtaining the requisite approvals, permits, licenses or certifications from the relevant authorities, legal actions, work stoppages, operational issues relating to construction, budget overruns and lack of financing. Construction loans typically involve an expectation that the borrower’s sponsors will contribute sufficient equity funds in order to keep the loan “in balance,” and the sponsors’ failure or inability to meet this obligation could also result in delays in construction or an inability to complete construction. Construction loans also expose the lender to additional risks of contractor non-performance, or borrower disputes with contractors resulting in mechanic’s or materialmen’s liens on the property and possible further delay in construction. In addition, as the lender under a construction loan, the fund may be obligated to fund all or a significant portion of the loan at one or more future dates. The fund may not have the funds available at such future date(s) to meet its funding obligations under the loan. In that event, the fund would likely be in breach of the loan unless it is able to acquire the funds from alternative sources, which it may not be able to achieve on favorable terms or at all. Furthermore, construction loans may have multiple lenders and if another lender fails to fund its obligations, the fund could be faced with the choice of either funding for that defaulting lender or suffering a delay or protracted interruption in the progress of construction. | |
Risks Related to Consumer Related Asset Backed Securities [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Risks Related to Consumer-Related Asset-Backed Securities Asset-Backed Securities. Consumer Finance Industry Regulatory Environment The fund may be subject to a wide variety of laws and regulations in the jurisdictions where it operates in respect of its consumer finance activities, including supervision and licensing by numerous governmental entities. These laws and regulations may create significant constraints on the fund’s consumer finance investments and result in significant costs related to compliance. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations could impair the ability of the fund to continue to make such investments and result in substantial civil and criminal penalties, monetary damages, attorneys’ fees and costs, possible revocation of licenses, and damage to reputation, brand and customer relationships. The Dodd-Frank Act imposes significant regulatory oversight on the financial industry and grants the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, or the CFPB, extensive rulemaking and enforcement authority, all of which may substantially impact the fund’s consumer finance investments. The fund may also invest in other consumer debt and specialty finance markets, including, but not limited to, credit card receivables, asset-backed regulatory relief transactions, litigation finance, royalty transactions, equipment (e.g., renewable energy, construction, information technology, medical, logistics) and insurance-linked contracts. Noncompliance with Consumer Financial Protection Laws If certain consumer loan contracts do not comply with U.S. federal and state consumer financial protection laws, the servicer may be prevented from or delayed in collecting the loan contract. Also, some of these laws may provide that the assignee of a consumer contract (such as the issuing | |
Risks Associated with Corporate Asset Based Credit [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Risks Associated with Corporate Asset-Based Credit The fund may invest in asset-based corporate credit secured by real estate, equipment, receivables, inventory and intellectual property rights. A fundamental risk associated with the fund’s investments in asset-based corporate credit is that the companies in whose debt the fund invests will be unable to make regular payments (e.g., principal and interest payments) when due, or at all, or otherwise fail to perform. A number of factors may impact the failure of such companies to make payments on their loans, such as, among other factors, (i) an adverse development in their business, (ii) an economic downturn, (iii) poor performance by their management teams, (iv) legal, tax or regulatory changes, (v) a change in the competitive environment, or (vi) a force majeure event. The companies may be operating at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, or may otherwise be experiencing financial distress even when the Subadvisor expects them to remain stable. Additionally, the companies may require substantial additional capital to support their operations or to maintain their competitive position and as a result of that may become highly leveraged. For further information, see “Asset-Backed Securities” below. | |
Risks Related to Liquid Securitized Credit [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Risks Related to Liquid Securitized Credit Asset-Backed Securities. For the risks of investing in asset-back securities, see “Asset-Backed Securities” below. Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities Collateral underlying CMBS generally consists of mortgage loans secured by income producing property, such as regional malls, other retail space, office buildings, industrial or warehouse properties, hotels, rental apartments, nursing homes, senior living centers and self-storage properties. The fund may invest directly in CMBS. Performance of a commercial mortgage loan depends primarily on the net income generated by the underlying mortgaged property. The market value of a commercial property similarly depends on its income-generating ability. As a result, income generation will affect both the likelihood of default and the severity of losses with respect to a commercial mortgage loan. Any decrease in income or value of the commercial real estate underlying an issue of CMBS could result in cash flow delays and losses on the related issue of CMBS. Most commercial mortgage loans underlying CMBS are effectively non-recourse set-off At any one time, a portfolio of CMBS may be backed by commercial mortgage loans with disproportionately large aggregate principal amounts secured by properties in only a few states or regions. As a result, the commercial mortgage loans may be more susceptible to geographic risks relating to such areas, such as adverse economic conditions, adverse events affecting industries located in such areas and natural hazards affecting such areas, than would be the case for a pool of mortgage loans having more diverse property locations. Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Holders of RMBS bear various risks, including credit, market, interest rate, structural and legal risks. RMBS represent interests in pools of residential mortgage loans secured by one to four family residential mortgage loans. Residential mortgage loans may be prepaid at any time. Residential mortgage loans are obligations of the borrowers thereunder only and are not typically insured or guaranteed by any other person or entity, although such loans may be securitized by government agencies and the securities issued may be guaranteed. The rate of defaults and losses on residential mortgage loans will be affected by a number of factors, including general economic conditions and those in the geographic area where the related mortgaged property or properties are located, the terms of the loan, the borrower’s “equity” in the mortgaged property or properties and the financial circumstances of the borrower. If a residential mortgage loan is in default, foreclosure of such residential mortgage loan may be a lengthy and difficult process, and may involve significant expenses. Furthermore, the market for defaulted residential mortgage loans or foreclosed single-family properties may be very limited. At any one time, a portfolio of RMBS may be backed by residential mortgage loans with disproportionately large aggregate principal amounts secured by properties in only a few states or regions. As a result, the residential mortgage loans may be more susceptible to geographic risks relating to such areas, such as adverse economic conditions, adverse events affecting industries located in such areas and natural hazards affecting such areas, than would be the case for a pool of mortgage loans having more diverse property locations. Prepayments on the underlying residential mortgage loans in an issue of RMBS will be influenced by the prepayment provisions of the related mortgage notes and may also be affected by a variety of economic, geographic and other factors, including the difference between the interest rates on the underlying residential mortgage loans (giving consideration to the cost of refinancing) and prevailing mortgage rates and the availability of refinancing. RMBS are particularly susceptible to prepayment risks as they generally do not contain prepayment penalties and a reduction in interest rates will increase the prepayments on the RMBS, resulting in a reduction in yield to maturity for holders of such securities. The mortgage-backed securities market has been and may continue to be negatively affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) (COVID-19) Risks Associated With “B-pieces” The fund may invest in, or, in the event the fund finances its assets through securitization transactions, it may retain, so-called “B-pieces”, “B-pieces” “B-pieces” “B-pieces.” “B-pieces” “B-pieces” “B-pieces” “B-pieces” Generally, a shortfall in payment to investors in “B-pieces” “B-pieces” “B-pieces” CLOs The fund’s investments in CLOs and other structured vehicles will be frequently subordinate in right of payment to other securities sold by the applicable CLO or other structured vehicle and will not be readily marketable. Depending upon the default rate on the collateral of the CLO and other structured vehicles, the fund may incur substantial losses on its investments. In addition, when the fund sells securities or assets held by it to a CLO and other structured vehicle, the fund may not receive any residual interest in such CLO and other structured vehicle so that any profits that the fund might have recognized on such securities or assets will no longer inure to the benefit of the fund. The market value of CLOs and other structured vehicles will generally fluctuate with, among other things, the financial condition of the obligors on the underlying debt obligations or, with respect to synthetic securities, of the obligors on or issuers of the reference obligations, general economic conditions, the condition of certain financial markets, political events, developments or trends in any particular industry and changes in prevailing interest rates. The performance of CLOs and other structured vehicles will be adversely affected by macroeconomic factors, including the following: (i) general economic conditions affecting capital markets and participants therein; (ii) the economic downturns and uncertainties affecting economies and capital markets worldwide; (iii) concerns about financial performance, accounting and other issues relating to various publicly traded companies; and (iv) recent and proposed changes in accounting and reporting standards and bankruptcy legislation. In addition, interest payments on CLOs and other structured vehicles (other than the most senior tranche or tranches of a given issue) are generally subject to deferral. If distributions on the collateral underlying a CLO and other structured vehicle security are insufficient to make payments on the CLOs and other structured vehicles, no other assets will be available for payment of the deficiency and following realization of the underlying assets, the obligations of the CLO or other structured vehicle issuer to pay such deficiency will be extinguished. CLOs and other structured vehicles (particularly the subordinated interests) may provide that, to the extent funds are not available to pay interest, such interest will be deferred or paid “in kind” and added to the outstanding principal balance of the related security. Generally, the failure by the issuer of a CLO or other structured vehicles security to pay interest in cash does not constitute an event of default as long as a more senior class of securities of such issuer is outstanding and the holders of the securities that have failed to pay interest in cash (including the fund) will not have available to them any associated default remedies. CMOs A fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities called CMOs. CMOs are issued in separate classes with different stated maturities. As the mortgage pool experiences prepayments, the pool pays off investors in classes with shorter maturities first. By investing in CMOs, the fund may manage the prepayment risk of mortgage-backed securities. However, prepayments may cause the actual maturity of a CMO to be substantially shorter than its stated maturity. Residual Interests The fund may make substantial investments in unsecured equity tranches and equivalent junior subordinate securities of structured finance vehicles. Such residuals will represent subordinated interests in the relevant structured finance vehicle only and are not secured by any assets of such structured finance vehicle. Residuals will be subordinated to all other securities of the structured finance vehicle and all other amounts due under the priority of payments set forth in the operative documents of such structured finance vehicle. As such, the greatest risk of loss relating to defaults in the collateral or asset portfolio of the structured finance vehicle is borne by the residuals. The fund, therefore, as holder of the residuals, will rank behind all of the creditors, whether secured or unsecured and known or unknown, of the structured finance vehicle. The investment in residuals will expose the fund to the highly leveraged investments in the collateral securing the other obligations of, and securities issued by, the structured finance vehicle. Therefore, the market value of these investments would be anticipated to be significantly affected by, among other things, changes in the market value of the assets, changes in the distribution on the assets, defaults and recoveries on the assets, capital gains and losses on the assets, prepayment on assets and the availability, prices and interest rate of assets. Due to the leverage inherent in structured finance vehicle structures, changes in the value of the residuals could be greater than the changes in the values of the underlying collateral, the assets constituting which are subject to, among other things, credit and liquidity risk. Accordingly, “equity” or subordinated interests and note classes may not be paid in full and may be subject to total loss. Furthermore, the leveraged nature of each subordinated class may magnify the adverse impact on each such class of changes in the value of assets, changes in the distribution on the assets, defaults and recoveries on the assets, capital gains and losses on the assets, prepayment on assets and availability, price and interest rates of assets. Investors must consider with particular care the risks of leverage in residuals because, although the use of leverage creates an opportunity for substantial returns for the fund on the residuals, it increases substantially the likelihood that the fund could lose its entire investment in residuals if the pool of underlying collateral held by the relevant structured finance vehicle is adversely affected by market developments. Investing in more senior securities issued by structured finance vehicles will involve similar risks, although the exposure of the fund to such risks will be in the context of a more senior position. | |
Risks Related to Credit Risk Transfers and Significant Risk Transfer Assets [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Risks Related to Credit Risk Transfers and Significant Risk Transfer Assets Regulatory Capital Relief Investments Regulatory capital relief Investments are credit risk transfers (“CRTs”) or significant risk transfers (“SRTs”). These transactions enable a bank or other issuer to transfer the credit risk associated with a pool of underlying obligations (or “reference assets”) to investors, such as the fund, in order to obtain regulatory capital relief, risk limit relief, and/or credit risk hedging with respect to the reference assets. Regulatory capital relief investments are often structured as credit-linked notes. The fund intends to invest in credit-linked notes issued by large multi-national North American and European banks. These credit-linked notes may reference a variety of bank balance sheets assets, including revolving credit facilities and term loans backed by large, medium and small enterprises, commercial real estate loans, auto loans, mortgages, equipment loans and leases, trade receivables and farm/agricultural loans, among others. The fund may also enter into regulatory capital relief trades with other financial institutions. Under these transactions, a third-party investor (e.g., the fund), agrees to absorb losses on a designated loan portfolio in exchange for a protection payment, which for a credit-linked note would be structured as an interest coupon. The coupon is typically floating rate, with the coupon spread negotiated before closing based on the level of perceived credit protection the bank is receiving relative to the level of risk the investor is undertaking. By transferring the risk of credit losses from these assets away from a bank’s balance sheet, the bank can reduce the amount of regulatory capital it is required to hold against the reference assets without having to take actions such as selling assets or raising equity capital. Under any such trades into which the fund enters, the fund will be exposed to the credit risk of the underlying portfolio, and if the loans in the portfolio default - which may be more likely if there is a general deterioration in credit markets -the principal of the fund’s credit-linked notes will be used to cover the losses. There may be a risk that the international regulatory framework for banks (known as ‘Basel III’) of the Bank for International Settlements, when fully implemented, may discourage such regulatory capital relief trades and/or may force banks to unwind some or all existing transactions. Most existing credit-linked note transactions can be unwound at the option of the issuer (typically a bank) to address changes in regulation, in which case the then-outstanding principal balance of an investor’s credit-linked notes would be returned to the investor, net of amounts previously drawn to cover losses. | |
PRINCIPAL RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE UNDERLYING FUNDS [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | PRINCIPAL RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE UNDERLYING FUNDS Changes in U.S. Law Changes in the state and U.S. federal laws applicable to an underlying funds, including changes to state and U.S. federal tax laws, or applicable to the underlying funds’ advisors and other securities or instruments in which the underlying funds may invest, may negatively affect the underlying funds’ returns to shareholders. The underlying funds may need to modify their investment strategies in the future in order to satisfy new regulatory requirements or to compete in a changed business environment. Credit and Counterparty Risk This is the risk that the issuer or guarantor of a fixed-income security, the counterparty to an over-the-counter manager may have to assess the risk of the security itself. Asset-backed securities, whose principal and interest payments are supported by pools of other assets, such as credit card receivables and automobile loans, are subject to further risks, including the risk that the obligors of the underlying assets default on payment of those assets. Funds that invest in below-investment-grade securities, also called non-investment In addition, an underlying fund is exposed to credit risk to the extent that it makes use of OTC derivatives (such as forward foreign currency contracts and/or swap contracts) and engages to a significant extent in the lending of underlying fund securities or the use of repurchase agreements. OTC derivatives transactions can be closed out with the other party to the transaction. If the counterparty defaults, the underlying fund will have contractual remedies, but there is no assurance that the counterparty will be able to meet its contractual obligations or that, in the event of default, the underlying fund will succeed in enforcing them. The underlying fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments owed to it under OTC derivatives contracts or that those payments may be delayed or made only after the underlying fund has incurred the costs of litigation. While an underlying fund’s advisor intends to monitor the creditworthiness of contract counterparties, there can be no assurance that the counterparty will be in a position to meet its obligations, especially during unusually adverse market conditions. Creditor Risk Debt is generally subject to various creditor risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the possible invalidation of a loan as a “fraudulent conveyance” under the relevant creditors’ rights laws; (ii) so called lender liability claims by the issuer of the obligations; and (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations. Additionally, adverse credit events with respect to any underlying property, such as missed or delayed payment of interest and/or principal, bankruptcy, receivership or distressed exchange, can significantly diminish the value of an investment in any such property. Distressed Loans Risk The underlying funds may invest in structured products collateralized by below investment grade or distressed loans or securities. Investments in such structured products are subject to the risks associated with below investment grade securities. Such securities are characterized by high risk. It is likely that an economic recession could severely disrupt the market for such securities and may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities. Economic and Market Events Risk Events in certain sectors historically have resulted, and may in the future result, in an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets, both domestic and foreign. These events have included, but are not limited to: bankruptcies, corporate restructurings, and other similar events; bank failures; governmental efforts to limit short selling and high frequency trading; measures to address U.S. federal and state budget deficits; social, political and economic instability in Europe; economic stimulus by the Japanese central bank; dramatic changes in energy prices and currency exchange rates; and China’s economic slowdown. Interconnected global economies and financial markets increase the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region. Both domestic and foreign equity markets have experienced increased volatility and turmoil, with issuers that have exposure to the real estate, mortgage, and credit markets particularly affected. Financial institutions could suffer losses as interest rates were to rise or economic conditions deteriorate. In addition, relatively high market volatility and reduced liquidity in credit and fixed-income markets may adversely affect many issuers worldwide. Actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve (“Fed”) or foreign central banks to stimulate or stabilize economic growth, such as interventions in currency markets, could cause high volatility in the equity and fixed-income markets. Reduced liquidity may result in less money being available to purchase raw materials, goods, and services from emerging markets, which may, in turn, bring down the prices of these economic staples. It may also result in emerging-market issuers having more difficulty obtaining financing, which may, in turn, cause a decline in their securities prices. In response to certain economic conditions, including periods of high inflation, governmental authorities and regulators may respond with significant fiscal and monetary policy changes such as raising interest rates. The fund may be subject to heightened interest rate risk when the Fed raises interest rates. Recent and potential future changes in government monetary policy may affect interest rates. It is difficult to accurately predict the timing, frequency or magnitude of potential interest rate increases or decreases by the Fed and the evaluation of macro-economic and other conditions that could cause a change in approach in the future. If the Fed and other central banks increase the federal funds rate and equivalent rates, such increases generally will cause market interest rates to rise, and could cause the value of a fund’s investments, and the fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) to decline, potentially suddenly and significantly. As a result, the fund may experience higher levels of repurchase requests and, as a result, increased portfolio turnover, which could increase the costs that the fund incurs and may negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, as the Fed increases the target Fed funds rate, any such rate increases among other factors, could cause markets to experience continuing high volatility. A significant increase in interest rates may cause a decline in the market for equity securities. These events and the possible resulting market volatility may have an adverse effect on the underlying funds. Political turmoil within the United States and abroad may also impact the underlying funds. Although the U.S. government has honored its credit obligations, it remains possible that the United States could default on its obligations. While it is impossible to predict the consequences of such an unprecedented event, it is likely that a default by the United States would be highly disruptive to the United States and global securities markets and could significantly impair the value of the underlying funds’ investments. Similarly, political events within the United States at times have resulted, and may in the future result, in a shutdown of government services, which could negatively affect the U.S. economy, decrease the value of many underlying fund investments, and increase uncertainty in or impair the operation of the United States or other securities markets. In recent years, the U.S. renegotiated many of its global trade relationships and imposed or threatened to impose significant import tariffs. These actions could lead to price volatility and overall declines in U.S. and global investment markets. Uncertainties surrounding the sovereign debt of a number of European Union (“EU”) countries and the viability of the EU have disrupted and may in the future disrupt markets in the United States and around the world. If one or more countries leave the EU or the EU dissolves, the global securities markets likely will be significantly disrupted. On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (“UK”) left the EU, commonly referred to as “Brexit,” the UK ceased to be a member of the EU, and the UK and EU entered into a Trade and Cooperation Agreement. While the full impact of Brexit is unknown, Brexit has already resulted in volatility in European and global markets. There remains significant market uncertainty regarding Brexit’s ramifications, and the range and potential implications of possible political, regulatory, economic, and market outcomes are difficult to predict. In addition, Brexit may create additional and substantial economic stresses for the UK, including a contraction of the UK economy and price volatility in UK stocks, decreased trade, capital outflows, devaluation of the British pound, wider corporate bond spreads due to uncertainty and declines in business and consumer spending as well as foreign direct investment. Brexit may also adversely affect UK-based A widespread health crisis such as a global pandemic could cause substantial market volatility, exchange trading suspensions and closures, which may lead to less liquidity in certain instruments, industries, sectors or the markets generally, and may ultimately affect underlying fund performance. For example, the coronavirus (COVID-19) (COVID-19) (COVID-19) (COVID-19) pre-existing Political and military events, including in Ukraine, North Korea, Russia, Venezuela, Iran, Syria, and other areas of the Middle East, and nationalist unrest in Europe and South America, also may cause market disruptions. As a result of continued political tensions and armed conflicts, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine commencing in February of 2022, the extent and ultimate result of which are unknown at this time, the United States and the EU, along with the regulatory bodies of a number of countries, have imposed economic sanctions on certain Russian corporate entities and individuals, and certain sectors of Russia’s economy, which may result in, among other things, the continued devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in the country’s credit rating, and/or a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities, property or interests. These sanctions could also result in the immediate freeze of Russian securities and/or funds invested in prohibited assets, impairing the ability of a fund to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities and/or assets. These sanctions or the threat of additional sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or retaliatory actions, which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities. The United States and other nations or international organizations may also impose additional economic sanctions or take other actions that may adversely affect Russia-exposed issuers and companies in various sectors of the Russian economy. Any or all of these potential results could lead Russia’s economy into a recession. Economic sanctions and other actions against Russian institutions, companies, and individuals resulting from the ongoing conflict may also have a substantial negative impact on other economies and securities markets both regionally and globally, as well as on companies with operations in the conflict region, the extent to which is unknown at this time. The United States and the EU have also imposed similar sanctions on Belarus for its support of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Additional sanctions may be imposed on Belarus and other countries that support Russia. Any such sanctions could present substantially similar risks as those resulting from the sanctions imposed on Russia, including substantial negative impacts on the regional and global economies and securities markets. In addition, there is a risk that the prices of goods and services in the United States and many foreign economies may decline over time, known as deflation. Deflation may have an adverse effect on stock prices and creditworthiness and may make defaults on debt more likely. If a country’s economy slips into a deflationary pattern, it could last for a prolonged period and may be difficult to reverse. Further, there is a risk that the present value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future, known as inflation. Inflation rates may change frequently and drastically as a result of various factors, including unexpected shifts in the domestic or global economy, and the underlying funds’ investments may be affected, which may reduce the underlying funds’ performance. Further, inflation may lead to a rise in interest rates, which may negatively affect the value of debt instruments held by the underlying funds, resulting in a negative impact on the underlying funds’ performance. Generally, securities issued in emerging markets are subject to a greater risk of inflationary or deflationary forces, and more developed markets are better able to use monetary policy to normalize markets. Equity Securities Risk Common and preferred stocks represent equity ownership in a company. Stock markets are volatile. The price of equity securities will fluctuate, and can decline and reduce the value of a fund investing in equities. The price of equity securities fluctuates based on changes in a company’s financial condition and overall market and economic conditions. The value of equity securities purchased by a fund could decline if the financial condition of the companies in which the fund is invested declines, or if overall market and economic conditions deteriorate. An issuer’s financial condition could decline as a result of poor management decisions, competitive pressures, technological obsolescence, undue reliance on suppliers, labor issues, shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, irregular and/or unexpected trading activity among retail investors, or other factors. Changes in the financial condition of a single issuer can impact the market as a whole. Even a fund that invests in high-quality, or blue chip, equity securities, or securities of established companies with large market capitalizations (which generally have strong financial characteristics), can be negatively impacted by poor overall market and economic conditions. Companies with large market capitalizations may also have less growth potential than smaller companies and may be less able to react quickly to changes in the marketplace. The fund generally does not attempt to time the market. Because of its exposure to equities, the possibility that stock market prices in general will decline over short or extended periods subjects the fund to unpredictable declines in the value of its investments, as well as periods of poor performance. Growth Investment Style Risk. Value Investment Style Risk. Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Risk ETFs are a type of investment company bought and sold on a securities exchange. The fund could purchase shares of an ETF to gain exposure to a portion of the U.S. or a foreign market. The risks of owning shares of an ETF include the risks of directly owning the underlying securities and other instruments the ETF holds. A lack of liquidity in an ETF (e.g., absence of an active trading market) could result in the ETF being more volatile than its underlying securities. The existence of extreme market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for an ETF’s shares could result in the ETF’s shares trading at a significant premium or discount to its NAV. An ETF has its own fees and expenses, which are indirectly borne by the fund. The fund may also incur brokerage and other related costs when it purchases and sells ETFs. Also, in the case of passively-managed ETFs, there is a risk that an ETF may fail to closely track the index or market segment that it is designed to track due to delays in the ETF’s implementation of changes to the composition of the index or other factors. Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs) Risk ETNs are a type of unsecured, unsubordinated debt security that have characteristics and risks similar to those of fixed-income securities and trade on a major exchange similar to shares of ETFs. This type of debt security differs, however, from other types of bonds and notes because ETN returns are based upon the performance of a market index minus applicable fees, no period coupon payments are distributed, and no principal protections exist. The purpose of ETNs is to create a type of security that combines the aspects of both bonds and ETFs. The value of an ETN may be influenced by time to maturity; level of supply and demand for the ETN; volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying commodities or securities markets; changes in the applicable interest rates; changes in the issuer’s credit rating; and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the referenced commodity or security. The fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings also may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. If the fund must sell some or all of its ETN holdings and the secondary market is weak, it may have to sell such holdings at a discount. If the fund holds its investment in an ETN until maturity, the issuer will give the fund a cash amount that would be equal to the principal amount (subject to the day’s index factor). ETNs are also subject to counterparty credit risk and fixed-income risk. Fixed-Income Securities Risk Fixed-income securities are generally subject to two principal types of risk, as well as other risks described below: (1) interest-rate risk and (2) credit quality risk. Interest-Rate Risk. Credit Quality Risk. non-investment Investment-Grade Fixed-Income Securities in the Lowest Rating Category Risk. Prepayment of Principal Risk. Extension Risk. Foreign Securities Risk Funds that invest in securities traded principally in securities markets outside the United States are subject to additional and more varied risks, as the value of foreign securities may change more rapidly and extremely than the value of U.S. securities. Less information may be publicly available regarding foreign issuers, including foreign government issuers. Foreign securities may be subject to foreign taxes and may be more volatile than U.S. securities. Currency fluctuations and political and economic developments may adversely impact the value of foreign securities. The securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. Additionally, issuers of foreign securities may not be subject to the same degree of regulation as U.S. issuers. Reporting, accounting, and auditing standards of foreign countries differ, in some cases significantly, from U.S. standards. There are generally higher commission rates on foreign portfolio transactions, transfer taxes, higher custodial costs, and the possibility that foreign taxes will be charged on dividends and interest payable on foreign securities, some or all of which may not be reclaimable. Also, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency or assets from a country); political changes; or diplomatic developments could adversely affect the underlying funds’ investments. In the event of nationalization, expropriation, confiscatory taxation, or other confiscation, the underlying funds could lose a substantial portion of, or its entire investment in, a foreign security. Foreign countries, especially emerging market countries, also may have problems associated with settlement of sales. Such problems could cause the fund to suffer a loss if a security to be sold declines in value while settlement of the sale is delayed. In addition, there may be difficulties and delays in enforcing a judgment in a foreign court resulting in potential losses to the underlying funds. Some of the foreign securities risks are also applicable to funds that invest a material portion of their assets in securities of foreign issuers traded in the United States. If applicable, depositary receipts are subject to most of the risks associated with investing in foreign securities directly because the value of a depositary receipt is dependent upon the market price of the underlying foreign equity security. Depositary receipts are also subject to liquidity risk. Additionally, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“HFCAA”) could cause securities of foreign companies, including American depositary receipts, to be delisted from U.S. stock exchanges if the companies do not allow the U.S. government to oversee the auditing of their financial information. Although the requirements of the HFCAA apply to securities of all foreign issuers, the SEC has thus far limited its enforcement efforts to securities of Chinese companies. If securities are delisted, a fund’s ability to transact in such securities will be impaired, and the liquidity and market price of the securities may decline. The underlying fund may also need to seek other markets in which to transact in such securities, which could increase the underlying fund’s costs. Currency risk. (such as futures, forwards, and swaps) may also involve leveraging risk, in addition to currency risk. Leverage may disproportionately increase the underlying funds’ portfolio losses and reduce opportunities for gain when interest rates, stock prices, or currency rates are changing. Continental Europe. Hedging, Derivatives, and Other Strategic Transactions Risk The ability of an underlying fund to utilize hedging, derivatives, and other strategic transactions to benefit the underlying fund will depend in part on its advisor’s ability to predict pertinent market movements and market risk, counterparty risk, credit risk, interest-rate risk, and other risk factors, none of which can be assured. The skills required to utilize hedging and other strategic transactions are different from those needed to select an underlying fund’s securities. Even if an underlying fund’s advisor only uses hedging and other strategic transactions in the underlying fund primarily for hedging purposes or to gain exposure to a particular securities market, if the transaction does not have the desired outcome, it could result in a significant loss to the underlying funds. The amount of loss could be more than the principal amount invested. These transactions may also increase the volatility of an underlying fund and may involve a small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of the risks assumed, thereby magnifying the impact of any resulting gain or loss. For example, the potential loss from the use of futures can exceed an underlying fund’s initial investment in such contracts. In addition, these transactions could result in a loss to the fund if the counterparty to the transaction does not perform as promised. The underlying funds may invest in derivatives, which are financial contracts with a value that depends on, or is derived from, the value of underlying assets, reference rates, or indexes. Derivatives may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, and related indexes. The underlying funds may use derivatives for many purposes, including for hedging and as a substitute for direct investment in securities or other assets. Derivatives may be used in a way to efficiently adjust the exposure of the underlying fund to various securities, markets, and currencies without the underlying funds actually having to sell existing investments and make new investments. This generally will be done when the adjustment is expected to be relatively temporary or in anticipation of effecting the sale of underlying fund assets and making new investments over time. Further, since many derivatives have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. When an underlying fund uses derivatives for leverage, investments in the underlying fund will tend to be more volatile, resulting in larger gains or losses in response to market changes. To limit risks associated with leverage, the underlying fund is required to comply with Rule 18f-4 The regulation of the U.S. and foreign derivatives markets has undergone substantial change in recent years and such change may continue. In particular, the U.S. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), and regulations promulgated or proposed thereunder require many derivatives to be cleared and traded on an exchange, expand entity registration requirements, impose business conduct requirements on dealers that enter into swaps with a pension plan, endowment, retirement plan or government entity, and required banks to move some derivatives trading units to a non-guaranteed The Derivatives Rule mandates that a fund adopt and/or implement: (i) value-at-risk The Derivatives Rule also provides special treatment for reverse repurchase agreements, similar financing transactions and unfunded commitment agreements. Specifically, a fund may elect whether to treat reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions as “derivatives transactions” subject to the requirements of the Derivatives Rule or as senior securities equivalent to bank borrowings for purposes of Section 18 of the 1940 Act. In addition, when-issued or forward settling securities transactions that physically settle within 35-days At any time after the date of this Prospectus, legislation may be enacted that could negatively affect the assets of the underlying funds. Legislation or regulation may change the way in which the underlying funds are regulated. An underlying fund’s advisor cannot predict the effects of any new governmental regulation that may be implemented, and there can be no assurance that any new governmental regulation will not adversely affect the underlying funds’ ability to achieve their investment objectives. The use of derivative instruments may involve risks different from, or potentially greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other, more traditional assets. In particular, the use of derivative instruments exposes the underlying funds to the risk that the counterparty to an OTC derivatives contract will be unable or unwilling to make timely settlement payments or otherwise honor its obligations. OTC derivatives transactions typically can only be closed out with the other party to the transaction, although either party may engage in an offsetting transaction that puts that party in the same economic position as if it had closed out the transaction with the counterparty or may obtain the other party’s consent to assign the transaction to a third party. If the counterparty defaults, an underlying fund will have contractual remedies, but there is no assurance that the counterparty will meet its contractual obligations or that, in the event of default, such underlying fund will succeed in enforcing them. For example, because the contract for each OTC derivatives transaction is individually negotiated with a specific counterparty, the underlying fund will be subject to the risk that a counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently than the underlying fund when the underlying fund seeks to enforce its contractual rights. If that occurs, the cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings required for such underlying fund to enforce its contractual rights may lead it to decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty. The underlying fund, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments owed to it under OTC derivatives contracts or that those payments may be delayed or made only after the underlying fund has incurred the costs of litigation. While an underlying fund’s advisor intends to monitor the creditworthiness of counterparties, there can be no assurance that a counterparty will meet its obligations, especially during unusually adverse market conditions. To the extent an underlying fund contracts with a limited number of counterparties, the underlying fund’s risk will be concentrated and events that affect the creditworthiness of any of those counterparties may have a pronounced effect on the underlying fund. Derivatives are also subject to a number of other risks, including market risk, liquidity risk and operational risk. Since the value of derivatives is calculated and derived from the value of other assets, instruments, or references, there is a risk that they will be improperly valued. Derivatives also involve the risk that changes in their value may not correlate perfectly with the assets, rates, or indexes they are designed to hedge or closely track. Suitable derivatives transactions may not be available in all circumstances. The underlying fund is also subject to the risk that the counterparty closes out the derivatives transactions upon the occurrence of certain triggering events. In addition, an underlying fund’s advisor may determine not to use derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce risk exposure. Government legislation or regulation could affect the use of derivatives transactions and could limit the underlying fund’s ability to pursue its investment strategies. A detailed discussion of various hedging and other strategic transactions appears in the SAI. To the extent that an underlying fund utilizes the following list of certain derivatives and other strategic transactions, it will be subject to associated risks. The main risks of each appear below. Credit default swaps. Futures Contracts. Interest-Rate Swaps. Options. Reverse Repurchase Agreements Swaps. Inflation Risk Inflation risk is the risk that the purchasing power of assets or income from investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of an underlying fund’s interests and distributions thereon can decline. Interest Rate Risk Interest rate risk is the risk that fixed-income securities such as debt securities and preferred securities will decline in value because of changes in market interest rates. When market interest rates rise, the market value of such securities generally will fall. An underlying fund’s investments in debt securities and preferred securities means that the NAV and market price of an underlying fund’s interests will tend to decline if market interest rates rise. Given the historically low level of interest rates in recent years and the likelihood that interest rates will increase when the national economy strengthens, the risk of the potentially negative impact of rising interest rates on the value of the underlying fund’s portfolio may be significant. In addition, the longer the average maturity of the underlying fund’s portfolio of debt securities, the greater the potential impact of rising interest rates on the value of the underlying fund’s portfolio and the less flexibility the underlying fund may have to respond to the decreasing spread between the yield on its portfolio securities. During periods of declining interest rates, an issuer may exercise its option to prepay principal of debt securities or to redeem preferred securities earlier than scheduled, forcing an underlying fund to reinvest in lower yielding securities. This is known as call or prepayment risk. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of certain types of securities may be extended because of slower than expected principal payments. This may lock in a below market interest rate, increase the security’s duration and reduce the value of the security. This is known as extension risk. Recent and potential future changes in government monetary policy may affect the level of interest rates. In certain market conditions, governmental authorities and regulators may considerably lower interest rates, which, in some cases could result in negative interest rates. These actions, including their possible unexpected or sudden reversal or potential ineffectiveness, could further increase volatility in securities and other financial markets and reduce market liquidity. To the extent an underlying fund has a bank deposit or holds | |
Risks Related to Specialty Finance [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Risks Related to Specialty Finance Litigation Finance The fund may extend a loan to a law firm secured by future fee proceeds from some or all of such firm’s portfolio of litigation matters, or it may advance funds to a party in a lawsuit or their counsel in return for a share of litigation proceeds or other financial reward if the party is successful. Where a loan is secured by litigation proceeds, or where the recipient of financing is not obligated to make any payment unless and until litigation proceeds are actually received by the litigant or their counsel, the fund could suffer a complete loss of the capital invested if the matter fails to be resolved in the recipient’s favor. Other risks the fund may face in connection with these financing activities include, without limitation: (i) losses from terminated or rejected settlements; (ii) predictive evaluations of the strength of cases, claims or settlements may turn out to be inaccurate; (iii) losses as a result of inability to collect, or timing uncertainty relating to collection on, judgments or awards; (iv) lack of control over decisions of lawyers acting pursuant to their professional duties in connection with formulating and implementing litigation strategies or otherwise; (v) expenses and uncertainties involving reliance on outside counsel and experts; (vi) changes in law, regulations or professional standards on such financing activities; (vii) poor case selection and case outcomes; (viii) timing or delays inherent to litigation; (ix) changes in counsel; (x) costs of litigation; (xi) inability of a defendant to pay a judgement or settlement; (xii) general competition and industry-related risks; (xiii) conflicts of interest; and (xiv) issues associated with the treatment of these types of investments for tax purposes. | |
Inflation Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Inflation Risk Inflation risk is the risk that the purchasing power of assets or income from investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of an underlying fund’s interests and distributions thereon can decline. | |
Interest Rate Risk [Member] | ||
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||
Risk [Text Block] | Interest Rate Risk Interest rate risk is the risk that fixed-income securities such as debt securities and preferred securities will decline in value because of changes in market interest rates. When market interest rates rise, the market value of such securities generally will fall. The fund’s investments in debt securities and preferred securities means that the NAV and market price of the Shares will tend to decline if market interest rates rise. Given the historically low level of interest rates in recent years and the likelihood that interest rates will increase when the national economy strengthens, the risk of the potentially negative impact of rising interest rates on the value of the fund’s portfolio may be significant. In addition, the longer the average maturity of the fund’s portfolio of debt securities, the greater the potential impact of rising interest rates on the value of the fund’s portfolio and the less flexibility the fund may have to respond to the decreasing spread between the yield on its portfolio securities. During periods of declining interest rates, an issuer may exercise its option to prepay principal of debt securities or to redeem preferred securities earlier than scheduled, forcing the fund to reinvest in lower yielding securities. This is known as call or prepayment risk. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of certain types of securities may be extended because of slower than expected principal payments. This may lock in a below market interest rate, increase the security’s duration and reduce the value of the security. This is known as extension risk. Recent and potential future changes in government monetary policy may affect the level of interest rates. In certain market conditions, governmental authorities and regulators may considerably lower interest rates, which, in some cases could result in negative interest rates. These actions, including their possible unexpected or sudden reversal or potential ineffectiveness, could further increase volatility in securities and other financial markets and reduce market liquidity. To the extent the fund has a bank deposit or holds a debt instrument with a negative interest rate to maturity, the fund would generate a negative return on that investment. Similarly, negative rates on investments by money market funds and similar cash management products could lead to losses on investments, including on investments of the fund’s uninvested cash. | |
Class I Shares [Member] | ||
Fee Table [Abstract] | ||
Sales Load [Percent] | 0% | [1] |
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | ||
Management Fees [Percent] | 1.25% | |
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] | 0% | [2] |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [Percent] | 1.49% | [3] |
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] | 1.03% | [4] |
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] | 3.77% | |
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] | (1.54%) | [5] |
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] | 2.23% | |
Expense Example, Year 01 | $ 23 | [6] |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | 101 | [6] |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | 181 | [6] |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | $ 391 | [6] |
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | ||
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] | Class I Shares | |
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | shares | 0 | |
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | shares | 4,951,449.295 | |
Class S Shares [Member] | ||
Fee Table [Abstract] | ||
Sales Load [Percent] | 3.50% | [1] |
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | ||
Management Fees [Percent] | 1.25% | |
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] | 0.85% | [2] |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [Percent] | 1.49% | [3] |
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] | 1.03% | [4] |
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] | 4.62% | |
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] | (1.54%) | [5] |
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] | 3.08% | |
Expense Example, Year 01 | $ 65 | [6] |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | 156 | [6] |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | 248 | [6] |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | $ 481 | [6] |
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | ||
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] | Class S Shares | |
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | shares | 0 | |
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | shares | 0 | |
Class D Shares [Member] | ||
Fee Table [Abstract] | ||
Sales Load [Percent] | 1.50% | [1] |
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | ||
Management Fees [Percent] | 1.25% | |
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] | 0.25% | [2] |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [Percent] | 1.49% | [3] |
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] | 1.03% | [4] |
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] | 4.02% | |
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] | (1.54%) | [5] |
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] | 2.48% | |
Expense Example, Year 01 | $ 40 | [6] |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | 122 | [6] |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | 205 | [6] |
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | $ 422 | [6] |
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | ||
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] | Class D Shares | |
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | shares | 0 | |
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | shares | 0 | |
[1]Class S and Class D Share investments may be subject to a maximum sales charge of 3.50% and 1.50%, respectively. Such a sales load will not form part of an investor’s investment in the fund. Any sales load will reduce the amount of an investor’s initial or subsequent investment in the fund, and the impact on a particular investor’s investment returns would not be reflected in the returns of the fund. The sales load may be waived in certain circumstances as described in this Prospectus or as otherwise approved by the Advisor.[2]In connection with Class S Shares of the Fund, the Fund pays a Distribution and Service Fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate value of the Fund’s Class S Shares outstanding and in connection with Class D Shares of the Fund, the Fund pays a Distribution and Service Fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate value of the Fund’s Class D shares, determined as of the last calendar day of each month (prior to any repurchases of Shares and prior to the Management Fee being calculated). The Distribution and Service Fee is payable quarterly. The Distributor may pay all or a portion of the Distribution and Service Fee to the broker-dealers that sell Shares of the Fund or provide investor services and/or administrative assistance to Shareholders. See “Distribution and Service Fee” below.[3]“Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses” are based on indirect net expenses associated with the fund’s investments in underlying investment companies.[4]“Other Expenses” are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. Other Expenses include the fund’s operating expenses, including professional fees, transfer agency fees, administration fees, custody fees, offering costs and other operating expenses.[5]The Advisor contractually agrees to reduce its Management Fee for the fund or, if necessary, make payment to the fund, in an amount equal to the amount by which “Other Fund Level Expenses” of the fund incurred in the ordinary course of the fund’s business, exceed 0.50% of monthly net assets of the fund. “Other Fund Level Expenses” means all the expenses of the fund, excluding: (a) the Advisor’s Management Fee; (b) interest expenses; (c) taxes, (d) portfolio brokerage commissions; (e) litigation and indemnification expenses and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the business of the fund; (f) Rule 12b-1 fees (if applicable); (g) short dividends; (h) Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses; and (i) class specific expenses. This agreement expires on September 30, 2025, unless renewed by mutual agreement of the Advisor and the fund based upon a determination that this is appropriate under the circumstances at that time. The Advisor also contractually agrees to reduce its Management Fee for the fund or, if necessary, make payment to the fund, so that the sum of: (a) the aggregate Management Fee (excluding any incentive fee) paid to the Advisor with respect to both the fund and that portion of any Underlying Fund held (excluding any unaffiliated Underlying Fund) by the fund; and (b) the advisory fee (excluding any incentive fee) paid to an affiliate of the Advisor with respect to that portion of an Underlying Fund (excluding any unaffiliated Underlying Fund) held by the fund, does not exceed the annual rate of 1.25% of the fund’s monthly net assets. This agreement expires on September 30, 2025, unless renewed by mutual agreement of the Advisor and the fund based upon a determination that this is appropriate under the circumstances at that time.[6]The example assumes that the total annual fund operating expenses (excluding any sales loads on reinvested dividends, fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements) set forth in the Annual Expenses table above are as shown and remain the same for each year, and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The expenses used to calculate the fund’s examples do not include fee waivers or expense reimbursements. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those assumed. Moreover, the fund’s actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example. |