6. Meetings. Meetings of the Directors need not be held in the Commonwealth.
(a) Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without call or notice at such places and at such times as may be fixed by the Board of Directors from time to time, provided that any Director who is absent when such determination is made shall be given notice of the determination. A regular meeting of the Board of Directors may be held without call or notice at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders, or the special meeting held in lieu thereof, immediately following such meeting of stockholders.
(b) Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board, if any, the President, the Treasurer, the Clerk, or one or more Directors. Notice of the time and place of all special meetings shall be given by the Clerk or Assistant Clerk or the Secretary or the officer or Directors calling the meeting. Notice must be given orally, by telephone, or by telegraph, telex, telecopy or cable or in writing, and such notice shall be sufficient if given in time to enable the Director to attend, or in any case if sent by mail, by courier or telegraph, telex, telecopy or cable at least three days before the meeting, addressed to a Director’s usual or last known place of business or residence. No notice of any meeting of the Board of Directors need be given to any Director if such Director, by a writing (including, without limitation, by telegraph, telex, telecopy or cable) filed with the records of the meeting (and whether executed before or after such meeting), waives such notice, or if such Director attends the meeting without protesting prior thereto or at its commencement the lack of notice to him. A notice or waiver of notice need not specify the purpose of any special meeting.
7. Quorum of Directors. At any meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority of the number of Directors then constituting a full Board of Directors then serving shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number may adjourn any meeting from time to time without further notice. In the event of a vacancy in the Board of Directors, the remaining Directors, except as otherwise provided by law, may exercise the powers of the full Board of Directors until the vacancy is filled.
8. Action at a Meeting. Unless otherwise provided by law, the Articles of Organization or these By-Laws, action on any matter brought before any meeting at which there is a quorum may be taken by vote of a majority of the Directors then present at the meeting, unless a different vote is required by law, the Articles of Organization or these By-Laws.
9. Action Without a Meeting. Unless otherwise provided by law, the Articles of Organization or these By-Laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Directors may be taken without a meeting if all the Directors then in office consent to the action in writing and the written consents are filed with the records of the meetings of Directors. Such consents shall be treated for all purposes as a vote at a meeting.
10. Committees of Directors. The Board of Directors may, by vote of a majority of the number of Directors then constituting a full Board, elect from its membership an Executive Committee (to be chaired by the Chairman of the Board, if any,) and such other committees as it may determine, comprised of such number of its members as it may from time to time determine (but in any event not less than two), and delegate to any such committee or committees some or all of its powers, except those which by law, the Articles of Organization or these By-Laws it is prohibited from delegating. Except as the Directors may otherwise determine, any such committee may make rules for the conduct of its business, but, unless otherwise provided by the Directors or in such rules, its business shall be conducted as nearly as may be in the manner as is provided by these By-Laws for the Directors.
11. Telephone Conference Meetings. The Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of such Board of Directors or committee thereof by means of a conference telephone call (or similar communications equipment) by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time, and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.
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