NOTE 9— Risks and Concentration
a)Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company’s interest rate risk arises primarily from short-term and long-term borrowings. Borrowings issued at variable rates expose the Company to cash flow interest rate risk and fair value interest rate risk respectively.
b)Concentration of credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash. As of September 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, approximately $5.4 million and $4.3 million were deposited with financial institutions located in the PRC, respectively, among which, $4,857,299 and $3,787,797 are not covered by insurance, respectively. While management believes that these financial institutions are of high credit quality, it also continually monitors their credit worthiness.
The Company is also exposed to risk from its accounts receivable and advances to vendors. These assets are subjected to credit evaluations. An allowance has been made for estimated unrecoverable amounts which have been determined by reference to past default experience and the current economic environment.
A majority of the Company’s expense transactions are denominated in RMB and a significant portion of the Company and its subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities are denominated in RMB. RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. In the PRC, certain foreign exchange transactions are required by law to be transacted only by authorized financial institutions at the exchange rates set by the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”). Remittances in currencies other than RMB by the Company in China must be processed through the PBOC or other China foreign exchange regulatory bodies which require certain supporting documentation in order to process the remittance.
The Company’s functional currency is the RMB whose reporting currency is the U.S. dollars. The RMB depreciated by 4.4% from the year ended March 31, 2023 to the year ended March 31, 2024. RMB futther deprecaited by 0.7% from March 31, 2024 to September 30, 2024. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future. The change in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar may affect its financial results reported in the U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying changes in its business or results of operations. Currently, the Company’s assets, liabilities, revenues and costs are denominated in RMB.
To the extent that the Company needs to convert U.S. dollars into RMB for capital expenditures and working capital and other business purposes, appreciation of RMB against U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount the Company would receive from the conversion. Conversely, if the Company decides to convert RMB into U.S. dollar for the purpose of making payments for dividends, strategic acquisition or investments or other business purposes, appreciation of U.S. dollar against RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to the Company.
c)Concentration of customers and vendors
Substantially all revenue was derived from customers located in China. For the six months ended September 30, 2024, three third-party customers accounted for 22.4%, 19.7% and 16.8% of the Company’s total revenues, and one related party customer accounted for 27.4% of the Company’s total revenue, respectively. For the six months ended September 30, 2023, three third-party customers accounted for 21.5%, 16.7% and 10.8% of the Company’s total revenues, and one related party customer accounted for 16.2% of the Company’s total revenue, respectively.
As of September 30, 2024, four customers accounted for 27.7%, 22.8%, 21.9%, and 17.4% of the total accounts receivable balance, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, four customers accounted for 23.1%, 16.7%, 16.5%, and 12.8% of the total accounts receivable balance, respectively.
For the six months ended September 30, 2024, four vendors accounted for 21.8%, 21.8%, 14.1% and 11.3% of the Company’s total purchases, respectively. For the six months ended September 30, 2023, three vendors accounted for 20.0%, 19.0% and 13.3% of the Company’s total purchases, respectively.