Fair Value Measurement | Fair Value Measurement In accordance with ASC Topic 820, fair value is defined as the price that the Company would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC Topic 820 also establishes a framework for measuring fair value and a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability. Inputs may be observable or unobservable and refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability as of the reporting date. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. Each investment is assigned a level based upon the observability of the inputs which are significant to the overall valuation.The three-tier hierarchy of inputs is summarized below: • Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical investments. • Level 2 – Other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar investments, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.). • Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs (including the Company’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments at the reporting date). The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety is determined on the basis of the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. For this purpose, the significance of an input is assessed against the fair value measurement in its entirety. If a fair value measurement uses observable inputs that require significant adjustment based on unobservable inputs, that measurement is a Level 3 measurement. If a fair value measurement uses price data vendors or observable market price quotations, that measurement may be a Level 1 or Level 2 measurement. Assessing the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and consideration of factors specific to the asset or liability. The determination of what constitutes “observable” requires significant judgment by the Company. The Company considers observable data to be market data that is readily available, regularly distributed or updated, reliable and verifiable, not proprietary, and provided by independent sources that are actively involved in the relevant market. Valuation of Investments Investments are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Advisor, subject to the oversight of the Board, based on input from management and independent valuation firms that have been engaged to assist in the valuation of portfolio investments without readily available market quotations. This valuation process is conducted at the end of each fiscal quarter. Investments for which market quotations are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act and ASC Topic 820. As a general principle, the fair value of a security or other asset is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Pursuant to Rule 2a-5, the Board has designated the Advisor as the valuation designee (“Valuation Designee”) for the Company to perform the fair value determination relating to all Company investments. The Advisor may carry out its designated responsibilities as Valuation Designee through various teams and committees. The Valuation Designee’s policies and procedures govern the Valuation Designee’s selection and application of methodologies for determining and calculating the fair value of Company investments. The Valuation Designee may value Company portfolio securities for which market quotations are not readily available and other Company assets utilizing inputs from pricing sources, quotation reporting systems, valuation agents and other third-party sources (together, “Pricing Sources”). The fair market value of the Company’s commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans and other real asset loan investments shall be determined by the Advisor, who has been appointed the Valuation Designee on a quarterly basis. Newly originated or acquired loan investments’ fair value in the month they are closed will approximate the par balance of the loan investment. For each quarter after the initial month in which a loan investment is closed, an independent third-party appointed by the Valuation Designee shall review and confirm the reasonableness of the Advisor’s valuation of each of the Company’s CRE loan and other real asset loan investments. Updated valuations of CRE loan and other real asset loan investments will reflect changes in interest rates, spreads, collateral value, loan tests (including loan impairment testing) and metrics, risk ratings, and anticipated liquidation timing and proceeds, among other items. The fair values shall generally be determined by discounting the future contractual cash flows to the present value using a current market interest rate or spread. The market rate shall generally be determined through consideration of the interest rates for debt of comparable quality and maturity, and, where applicable, the value of the underlying real estate investment. The fair values of loan investments based upon pricing data vendors or observable market price quotations are generally categorized as Level 1 or Level 2. Loan investments priced using internal models with significant unobservable inputs are categorized as Level 3. Fair Value Measurements Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Senior Mortgage $ — $ — $ 88,638 $ 88,638 Total $ — $ — $ 88,638 $ 88,638 The below table presents a summary of changes in fair value of Level 3 assets by investment type (amounts in thousands): Senior Mortgage Total Balance as of March 11, 2024 $ — $ — Originations 88,638 88,638 Loan origination Fees (812) (812) Net accretion of discount 3 3 Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments 809 809 Balance as of June 30, 2024 $ 88,638 $ 88,638 The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs of the Company’s Level 3 financial instruments. The table is not intended to be all-inclusive but instead captures the significant unobservable inputs relevant to the Company’s determination of fair value (amounts in thousands). Range Asset Category Fair Value Primary Valuation Technique Unobservable Inputs Minimum Maximum Weighted Average Senior Mortgage $ 88,638 Recent Transaction Par value n/a n/a n/a Total $ 88,638 |