Loans And Allowance For Loan Losses | Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Major classifications within the Company’s held for investment loan portfolio at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows: (In thousands) 2019 2018 Commercial: Business $ 5,565,449 $ 5,106,427 Real estate — construction and land 899,377 869,659 Real estate — business 2,833,554 2,875,788 Personal Banking: Real estate — personal 2,354,760 2,127,083 Consumer 1,964,145 1,955,572 Revolving home equity 349,251 376,399 Consumer credit card 764,977 814,134 Overdrafts 6,304 15,236 Total loans $ 14,737,817 $ 14,140,298 Loans to directors and executive officers of the Parent and the Bank, and to their affiliates, are summarized as follows: (In thousands) Balance at January 1, 2019 $ 46,728 Additions 133,607 Amounts collected (123,956 ) Amounts written off — Balance, December 31, 2019 $ 56,379 Management believes all loans to directors and executive officers have been made in the ordinary course of business with normal credit terms, including interest rate and collateral considerations, and do not represent more than a normal risk of collection. The activity in the table above includes draws and repayments on several lines of credit with business entities. There were no outstanding loans at December 31, 2019 to principal holders (over 10% ownership) of the Company’s common stock. The Company’s lending activity is generally centered in Missouri, Kansas, Illinois and other nearby states including Oklahoma, Colorado, Iowa, Ohio, Texas, and others. The Company maintains a diversified portfolio with limited industry concentrations of credit risk. Loans and loan commitments are extended under the Company’s normal credit standards, controls, and monitoring features. Most loan commitments are short or intermediate term in nature. Commercial loan maturities generally range from one to seven years. Collateral is commonly required and would include such assets as marketable securities and cash equivalent assets, accounts receivable and inventory, equipment, other forms of personal property, and real estate. At December 31, 2019 , unfunded loan commitments totaled $11.2 billion (which included $5.1 billion in unused approved lines of credit related to credit card loan agreements) which could be drawn by customers subject to certain review and terms of agreement. At December 31, 2019 , loans totaling $4.0 billion were pledged at the FHLB as collateral for borrowings and letters of credit obtained to secure public deposits. Additional loans of $1.6 billion were pledged at the Federal Reserve Bank as collateral for discount window borrowings. The Company has a net investment in direct financing and sales type leases to commercial and industrial and tax-exempt entities of $795.8 million and $752.2 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively, which is included in business loans on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. This investment includes deferred income of $71.8 million and $62.6 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. The net investment in operating leases amounted to $14.7 million and $16.1 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively, and is included in other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Allowance for loan losses A summary of the activity in the allowance for losses during the previous three years follows: (In thousands) Commercial Personal Banking Total Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 91,361 $ 64,571 $ 155,932 Provision for loan losses 2,327 42,917 45,244 Deductions: Loans charged off 2,538 52,641 55,179 Less recoveries 2,554 10,981 13,535 Net loans charged off (recoveries) (16 ) 41,660 41,644 Balance at December 31, 2017 93,704 65,828 159,532 Provision for loan losses 254 42,440 42,694 Deductions: Loans charged off 3,164 52,657 55,821 Less recoveries 2,075 11,452 13,527 Net loans charged off 1,089 41,205 42,294 Balance at December 31, 2018 92,869 67,063 159,932 Provision for loan losses 2,816 47,622 50,438 Deductions: Loans charged off 4,711 57,169 61,880 Less recoveries 786 11,406 12,192 Net loans charged off 3,925 45,763 49,688 Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 91,760 $ 68,922 $ 160,682 The following table shows the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the related loan balance at December 31, 2019 and 2018 , disaggregated on the basis of impairment methodology. Impaired loans evaluated under ASC 310-10-35 include loans on non-accrual status which are individually evaluated for impairment and other impaired loans deemed to have similar risk characteristics, which are collectively evaluated. All other loans are collectively evaluated for impairment under ASC 450-20. Impaired Loans All Other Loans (In thousands) Allowance for Loan Losses Loans Outstanding Allowance for Loan Losses Loans Outstanding December 31, 2019 Commercial $ 1,629 $ 64,500 $ 90,131 $ 9,233,880 Personal Banking 1,117 17,232 67,805 5,422,205 Total $ 2,746 $ 81,732 $ 157,936 $ 14,656,085 December 31, 2018 Commercial $ 1,780 $ 61,496 $ 91,089 $ 8,790,378 Personal Banking 916 17,120 66,147 5,271,304 Total $ 2,696 $ 78,616 $ 157,236 $ 14,061,682 Impaired loans The table below shows the Company’s investment in impaired loans at December 31, 2019 and 2018 . These loans consist of all loans on non-accrual status and other restructured loans whose terms have been modified and classified as troubled debt restructurings. These restructured loans are performing in accordance with their modified terms, and because the Company believes it probable that all amounts due under the modified terms of the agreements will be collected, interest on these loans is being recognized on an accrual basis. They are discussed further in the "Troubled debt restructurings" section below. (In thousands) 2019 2018 Non-accrual loans $ 10,220 $ 12,536 Restructured loans (accruing) 71,512 66,080 Total impaired loans $ 81,732 $ 78,616 The following table provides additional information about impaired loans held by the Company at December 31, 2019 and 2018 , segregated between loans for which an allowance for credit losses has been provided and loans for which no allowance has been provided. (In thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance December 31, 2019 With no related allowance recorded: Business $ 7,054 $ 13,738 $ — $ 7,054 $ 13,738 $ — With an allowance recorded: Business $ 30,437 $ 30,487 $ 837 Real estate – construction and land 46 51 1 Real estate – business 26,963 27,643 791 Real estate – personal 4,729 5,968 258 Consumer 4,421 4,421 35 Revolving home equity 35 35 1 Consumer credit card 8,047 8,047 823 $ 74,678 $ 76,652 $ 2,746 Total $ 81,732 $ 90,390 $ 2,746 December 31, 2018 With no related allowance recorded: Business $ 8,725 $ 14,477 $ — $ 8,725 $ 14,477 $ — With an allowance recorded: Business $ 40,286 $ 40,582 $ 1,223 Real estate – construction and land 416 421 11 Real estate – business 12,069 12,699 546 Real estate – personal 4,461 6,236 266 Consumer 5,510 5,510 38 Revolving home equity 40 40 1 Consumer credit card 7,109 7,109 611 $ 69,891 $ 72,597 $ 2,696 Total $ 78,616 $ 87,074 $ 2,696 Total average impaired loans during 2019 and 2018 are shown in the table below. 2019 2018 (In thousands) Commercial Personal Banking Total Commercial Personal Banking Total Average impaired loans: Non-accrual loans $ 9,892 $ 2,031 $ 11,923 $ 7,619 $ 2,122 $ 9,741 Restructured loans (accruing) 49,544 15,667 65,211 73,261 16,526 89,787 Total $ 59,436 $ 17,698 $ 77,134 $ 80,880 $ 18,648 $ 99,528 The table below shows interest income recognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 , 2018 and 2017 for impaired loans held at the end of each respective period. This interest all relates to accruing restructured loans, as discussed in the "Troubled debt restructurings" section below. Years Ended December 31 (In thousands) 2019 2018 2017 Interest income recognized on impaired loans: Business $ 1,329 $ 2,219 $ 3,135 Real estate – construction and land 2 25 41 Real estate – business 1,456 558 514 Real estate – personal 136 139 402 Consumer 286 305 307 Revolving home equity 3 3 10 Consumer credit card 828 746 673 Total $ 4,040 $ 3,995 $ 5,082 Delinquent and non-accrual loans The following table provides aging information on the Company’s past due and accruing loans, in addition to the balances of loans on non-accrual status, at December 31, 2019 and 2018 . (In thousands) Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due 30 – 89 Days Past Due 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing Non-accrual Total December 31, 2019 Commercial: Business $ 5,545,104 $ 12,064 $ 792 $ 7,489 $ 5,565,449 Real estate – construction and land 882,826 13,046 3,503 2 899,377 Real estate – business 2,830,494 2,030 — 1,030 2,833,554 Personal Banking: Real estate – personal 2,345,243 6,129 1,689 1,699 2,354,760 Consumer 1,928,082 34,053 2,010 — 1,964,145 Revolving home equity 347,258 1,743 250 — 349,251 Consumer credit card 742,659 10,703 11,615 — 764,977 Overdrafts 5,972 332 — — 6,304 Total $ 14,627,638 $ 80,100 $ 19,859 $ 10,220 $ 14,737,817 December 31, 2018 Commercial: Business $ 5,086,912 $ 10,057 $ 473 $ 8,985 $ 5,106,427 Real estate – construction and land 867,692 1,963 — 4 869,659 Real estate – business 2,867,347 6,704 22 1,715 2,875,788 Personal Banking: Real estate – personal 2,118,045 6,041 1,165 1,832 2,127,083 Consumer 1,916,320 35,608 3,644 — 1,955,572 Revolving home equity 374,830 875 694 — 376,399 Consumer credit card 792,334 11,140 10,660 — 814,134 Overdrafts 14,937 299 — — 15,236 Total $ 14,038,417 $ 72,687 $ 16,658 $ 12,536 $ 14,140,298 Credit quality The following table provides information about the credit quality of the Commercial loan portfolio, using the Company’s internal rating system as an indicator. The internal rating system is a series of grades reflecting management’s risk assessment, based on its analysis of the borrower’s financial condition. The “pass” category consists of a range of loan grades that reflect increasing, though still acceptable, risk. Movement of risk through the various grade levels in the “pass” category is monitored for early identification of credit deterioration. The “special mention” rating is applied to loans where the borrower exhibits material negative financial trends due to borrower specific or systemic conditions that, if left uncorrected, threaten its capacity to meet its debt obligations. The borrower is believed to have sufficient financial flexibility to react to and resolve its negative financial situation. It is a transitional grade that is closely monitored for improvement or deterioration. The “substandard” rating is applied to loans where the borrower exhibits well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize its continued performance and are of a severity that the distinct possibility of default exists. Loans are placed on “non-accrual” when management does not expect to collect payments consistent with acceptable and agreed upon terms of repayment. Commercial Loans (In thousands) Business Real Estate -Construction Real Estate - Business Total December 31, 2019 Pass $ 5,393,928 $ 856,364 $ 2,659,827 $ 8,910,119 Special mention 80,089 42,541 92,626 215,256 Substandard 83,943 470 80,071 164,484 Non-accrual 7,489 2 1,030 8,521 Total $ 5,565,449 $ 899,377 $ 2,833,554 $ 9,298,380 December 31, 2018 Pass $ 4,915,042 $ 866,527 $ 2,777,374 $ 8,558,943 Special mention 84,391 1,917 51,845 138,153 Substandard 98,009 1,211 44,854 144,074 Non-accrual 8,985 4 1,715 10,704 Total $ 5,106,427 $ 869,659 $ 2,875,788 $ 8,851,874 The credit quality of Personal Banking loans is monitored primarily on the basis of aging/delinquency, and this information is provided in the table in the above section on "Delinquent and non-accrual loans" . In addition, FICO scores are obtained and updated on a quarterly basis for most of the loans in the Personal Banking portfolio. This is a published credit score designed to measure the risk of default by taking into account various factors from a borrower's financial history. The bank normally obtains a FICO score at the loan's origination and renewal dates, and updates are obtained on a quarterly basis. Excluded from the table below are certain personal real estate loans for which FICO scores are not obtained because the loans generally pertain to commercial customer activities and are often underwritten with other collateral considerations. These loans totaled $198.2 million at December 31, 2019 and $201.7 million at December 31, 2018 . The table also excludes consumer loans related to the Company's patient healthcare loan program, which totaled $199.2 million at December 31, 2019 and $170.3 million at December 31, 2018 . As the healthcare loans are guaranteed by the hospital, customer FICO scores are not obtained for these loans. The personal real estate loans and consumer loans excluded below totaled less than 8% of the Personal Banking portfolio. For the remainder of loans in the Personal Banking portfolio, the table below shows the percentage of balances outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018 by FICO score. Personal Banking Loans % of Loan Category Real Estate - Personal Consumer Revolving Home Equity Consumer Credit Card December 31, 2019 FICO score: Under 600 1.0 % 3.0 % 1.7 % 5.6 % 600 – 659 1.9 5.2 1.9 14.3 660 – 719 9.2 15.4 9.0 32.2 720 – 779 25.7 27.0 21.5 26.6 780 and over 62.2 49.4 65.9 21.3 Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % December 31, 2018 FICO score: Under 600 1.1 % 3.1 % 0.8 % 4.4 % 600 – 659 1.8 4.8 1.7 14.0 660 – 719 9.4 16.1 9.1 34.8 720 – 779 24.7 25.7 24.0 26.4 780 and over 63.0 50.3 64.4 20.4 Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % Troubled debt restructurings As mentioned previously, the Company's impaired loans include loans which have been classified as troubled debt restructurings, as shown in the table below. Restructured loans are those extended to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty and who have been granted a concession. Restructured loans are placed on non-accrual status if the Company does not believe it probable that amounts due under the contractual terms will be collected. Commercial performing restructured loans are primarily comprised of certain business, construction and business real estate loans classified as substandard, but renewed at rates judged to be non-market. These loans are performing in accordance with their modified terms, and because the Company believes it probable that all amounts due under the modified terms of the agreements will be collected, interest on these loans is being recognized on an accrual basis. Troubled debt restructurings also include certain credit card and other small consumer loans under various debt management and assistance programs. Modifications to these loans generally involve removing the available line of credit, placing loans on amortizing status, and lowering the contractual interest rate. Certain personal real estate, revolving home equity, and consumer loans were classified as consumer bankruptcy troubled debt restructurings because they were not reaffirmed by the borrower in bankruptcy proceedings. Interest on these loans is being recognized on an accrual basis, as the borrowers are continuing to make payments. Other consumer loans classified as troubled debt restructurings consist of various other workout arrangements with consumer customers. December 31 (In thousands) 2019 2018 Accruing loans: Commercial $ 55,934 $ 50,904 Assistance programs 8,365 7,410 Consumer bankruptcy 3,592 4,103 Other consumer 3,621 3,663 Non-accrual loans 7,938 9,759 Total troubled debt restructurings $ 79,450 $ 75,839 The table below shows the balance of troubled debt restructurings by loan classification at December 31, 2019 , in addition to the outstanding balances of these restructured loans which the Company considers to have been in default at any time during the past twelve months. For purposes of this disclosure, the Company considers "default" to mean 90 days or more past due as to interest or principal. (In thousands) December 31, 2019 Balance 90 days past due at any time during previous 12 months Commercial: Business $ 37,055 $ — Real estate – construction and land 44 — Real estate – business 25,933 — Personal Banking: Real estate – personal 3,915 347 Consumer 4,421 83 Revolving home equity 35 — Consumer credit card 8,047 987 Total troubled debt restructurings $ 79,450 $ 1,417 For those loans on non-accrual status also classified as restructured, the modification did not create any further financial effect on the Company as those loans were already recorded at net realizable value. For those performing commercial loans classified as restructured, there were no concessions involving forgiveness of principal or interest and, therefore, there was no financial impact to the Company as a result of modification to these loans. No financial impact resulted from those performing loans where the debt was not reaffirmed in bankruptcy, as no changes to loan terms occurred in that process. However, the effects of modifications to loans under various debt management and assistance programs were estimated to decrease interest income by approximately $1.2 million on an annual, pre-tax basis, compared to amounts contractually owed. Other modifications to consumer loans mainly involve extensions and other small modifications that did not include the forgiveness of principal or interest. The allowance for loan losses related to troubled debt restructurings on non-accrual status is determined by individual evaluation, including collateral adequacy, using the same process as loans on non-accrual status which are not classified as troubled debt restructurings. Those performing loans classified as troubled debt restructurings are accruing loans which management expects to collect under contractual terms. Performing commercial loans having no other concessions granted other than being renewed at non-market interest rates are judged to have similar risk characteristics as non-troubled debt commercial loans and are collectively evaluated based on internal risk rating, loan type, delinquency, historical experience and current economic factors. Performing personal banking loans classified as troubled debt restructurings resulted from the borrower not reaffirming the debt during bankruptcy and have had no other concession granted, other than the Bank's future limitations on collecting payment deficiencies or in pursuing foreclosure actions. As such, they have similar risk characteristics as non-troubled debt personal banking loans and are evaluated collectively based on loan type, delinquency, historical experience and current economic factors. If a troubled debt restructuring defaults and is already on non-accrual status, the allowance for loan losses continues to be based on individual evaluation, using discounted expected cash flows or the fair value of collateral. If an accruing, troubled debt restructuring defaults, the loan's risk rating is downgraded to non-accrual status and the loan's related allowance for loan losses is determined based on individual evaluation, or if necessary, the loan is charged off and collection efforts begin. The Company had commitments of $4.7 million at December 31, 2019 to lend additional funds to borrowers with restructured loans, compared to $1.8 million at December 31, 2018 . Loans held for sale The Company designates certain long-term fixed rate personal real estate loans as held for sale, and the Company has elected the fair value option for these loans. The election of the fair value option aligns the accounting for these loans with the related economic hedges discussed in Note 19. The loans are primarily sold to FNMA, FHLMC, and GNMA. At December 31, 2019 , the fair value of these loans was $9.2 million , and the unpaid principal balance was $8.9 million . The Company also designates certain student loan originations as held for sale. The borrowers are credit-worthy students who are attending colleges and universities. The loans are intended to be sold in the secondary market, and the Company maintains contracts with Sallie Mae to sell the loans within 210 days after the last disbursement to the student. These loans are carried at lower of cost or fair value, which totaled $4.6 million at December 31, 2019 . At December 31, 2019 , none of the loans held for sale were on non-accrual status or 90 days past due and still accruing. Foreclosed real estate/repossessed assets The Company’s holdings of foreclosed real estate totaled $365 thousand and $1.4 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Personal property acquired in repossession, generally autos and marine and recreational vehicles (RV), totaled $5.5 million and $2.0 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. The December 31, 2019 balance of repossessed assets also included trailers with an asset value of $3.4 million, which were acquired due to the bankruptcy of a single leasing customer. Upon acquisition, these assets are recorded at fair value less estimated selling costs at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. They are subsequently carried at the lower of this cost basis or fair value less estimated selling costs. |