ITEM 6. | Indemnification of Directors and Officers |
Section 722(a) of the New York Business Corporation Law (the “BCL”) generally provides that a corporation may indemnify any person made, or threatened to be made, a party to an action or proceeding (other than one by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor), whether civil or criminal, including an action by or in the right of any other corporation of any type or kind, domestic or foreign, or any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, which any director or officer of the corporation served in any capacity at the request of the corporation, by reason of the fact that he or she, or testator or intestate, was a director or officer of the corporation, or served such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise in any capacity, against judgments, fines, amounts paid in settlement and reasonable expenses, including attorneys’ fees actually and necessarily incurred as a result of such action or proceeding, or any appeal therein, if such director or officer acted in good faith for a purpose which he or she reasonably believed to be in or, in the case of service for any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation and, in criminal actions or proceedings, in addition, had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.
In addition, Section 722(c) of the BCL provides that a corporation may indemnify any person made, or threatened to be made, a party to an action by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he or she or testator or intestate, is or was a director or officer of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director or officer of any other corporation of any type or kind, domestic or foreign, or any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, against amounts paid in settlement and reasonable expenses, including attorneys’ fees, actually and necessarily incurred by him or her in connection with the defense or settlement of such action, or in connection with an appeal therein, if such director or officer acted, in good faith, for a purpose which he or she reasonably believed to be in or, in the case of service for any other corporation or any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation, except that no indemnification under this paragraph shall be made in respect of (1) a threatened action or a pending action which is settled or otherwise disposed of, or (2) any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the action was brought, or if no action was brought, any court of competent jurisdiction determines upon application that, in view of all the circumstances of the case, the person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such portion of the settlement amount and expenses as the court deems proper.
Article V of the Registrant’s By-laws requires the Registrant to indemnify its officers and directors to the fullest extent in accordance with and permitted by law for the defense of civil and criminal proceedings against them by reason of their service as officers or directors.
Section 723 of the BCL provides that a person who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of a civil or criminal action or proceeding of the character described in BCL section 722 shall be entitled to indemnification as authorized in such section. Except where a person has been successful in such matters, any indemnification under BCL Section 722 or otherwise permitted by law, unless ordered by a court, shall be made by a corporation only if authorized in the specific case by the Board of Directors or shareholders pursuant to BCL Section 723. In no event may indemnification be made to or on behalf of any director or officer if a judgment or other final adjudication adverse to the director or officer establishes that his or her acts were committed in bad faith or were the result of active and deliberate dishonesty and were material to the cause of action so adjudicated, or that he or she personally gained in fact a financial profit or other advantage to which he or she was not legally entitled.
Section 726 of the BCL empowers the Registrant to purchase and maintain certain types of directors and officers liability insurance. The Registrant has purchased and is maintaining in effect current directors and officers liability insurance which, in general, provides for indemnification of officers and directors for any damages, costs or expenses up to certain maximum amounts (which may change from time to time), which they are legally required to pay, resulting from any error, misstatement, misleading statement, act, omission, neglect or breach of duty committed, attempted or allegedly committed or attempted by such officers or directors (subject to certain exceptions) solely by reason of their status as such. Such insurance does not cover fines or penalties imposed by law or losses which are not reimbursable by law. If available on terms and conditions deemed reasonable, the Registrant intends to purchase similar insurance in the future.