PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract] | ' |
PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS | ' |
NOTE 12. PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS |
Pension Plans |
We sponsor several contributory and noncontributory pension plans covering substantially all employees. Generally, hourly employee pension benefits are earned based on years of service and compensation during active employment while future benefits for salaried employees are determined using a cash balance formula. However, the level of benefits and terms of vesting may vary among plans. Pension plan assets are administered by trustees and are principally invested in fixed income securities and equity securities. It is our policy to make contributions to our various qualified plans in accordance with statutory and contractual funding requirements and any additional contributions we determine are appropriate. |
Obligations, Assets and Funded Status |
Benefit obligation balances presented below reflect the projected benefit obligation (PBO) for our pension plans. The changes in the benefit obligations, the various plan assets, the funded status of the plans and the amounts recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets for our significant pension plans were as follows: |
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| | Qualified and Non-Qualified Pension Plans | | | | | | | | |
| | U.S. Plans | | U.K. Plans | | | | | | | | |
In millions | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | | | | | | | |
Change in benefit obligation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Benefit obligation at the beginning of the year | | $ | 2,454 | | | $ | 2,243 | | | $ | 1,269 | | | $ | 1,128 | | | | | | | | | |
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Service cost | | 70 | | | 58 | | | 21 | | | 21 | | | | | | | | | |
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Interest cost | | 93 | | | 103 | | | 57 | | | 59 | | | | | | | | | |
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Actuarial losses (gains) | | (193 | ) | | 207 | | | 96 | | | 52 | | | | | | | | | |
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Benefits paid from fund | | (150 | ) | | (148 | ) | | (50 | ) | | (41 | ) | | | | | | | | |
Benefits paid directly by employer | | (13 | ) | | (10 | ) | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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Exchange rate changes | | — | | | — | | | 37 | | | 52 | | | | | | | | | |
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Curtailment gain | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (2 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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Other | | — | | | 1 | | | (1 | ) | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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Benefit obligation at end of year | | $ | 2,261 | | | $ | 2,454 | | | $ | 1,429 | | | $ | 1,269 | | | | | | | | | |
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Change in plan assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | | $ | 2,327 | | | $ | 2,091 | | | $ | 1,324 | | | $ | 1,200 | | | | | | | | | |
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Actual return on plan assets | | 168 | | | 284 | | | 142 | | | 88 | | | | | | | | | |
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Employer contributions | | 100 | | | 100 | | | 56 | | | 22 | | | | | | | | | |
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Benefits paid | | (150 | ) | | (148 | ) | | (50 | ) | | (41 | ) | | | | | | | | |
Exchange rate changes | | — | | | — | | | 44 | | | 55 | | | | | | | | | |
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Fair value of plan assets at end of year | | $ | 2,445 | | | $ | 2,327 | | | $ | 1,516 | | | $ | 1,324 | | | | | | | | | |
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Funded status (including underfunded and nonfunded plans) at end of year | | $ | 184 | | | $ | (127 | ) | | $ | 87 | | | $ | 55 | | | | | | | | | |
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Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Prepaid pensions - long-term assets | | $ | 427 | | | $ | 127 | | | $ | 87 | | | $ | 55 | | | | | | | | | |
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Accrued compensation, benefits and retirement costs - current liabilities | | (11 | ) | | (10 | ) | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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Pensions - long-term liabilities | | (232 | ) | | (244 | ) | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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Net amount recognized | | $ | 184 | | | $ | (127 | ) | | $ | 87 | | | $ | 55 | | | | | | | | | |
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Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net actuarial loss | | $ | 478 | | | $ | 734 | | | $ | 361 | | | $ | 349 | | | | | | | | | |
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Prior service credit | | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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Net amount recognized | | $ | 477 | | | $ | 733 | | | $ | 361 | | | $ | 349 | | | | | | | | | |
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In addition to the pension plans in the above table, we also maintain less significant defined benefit pension plans primarily in 14 other countries outside of the U.S. and the U.K. that comprise approximately 2 percent and 4 percent of our pension plan assets and obligations, respectively. These plans are reflected in "Other liabilities and deferred revenue" on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
The following table presents information regarding total accumulated benefit obligation, PBO's and underfunded pension plans that are included in the preceding table: |
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| | Qualified and Non-Qualified Pension Plans | | | | | | | | |
| | U.S. Plans | | U.K. Plans | | | | | | | | |
In millions | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | | | | | | | |
Total accumulated benefit obligation | | $ | 2,231 | | | $ | 2,417 | | | $ | 1,309 | | | $ | 1,167 | | | | | | | | | |
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Plans with accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accumulated benefit obligation | | 212 | | | 216 | | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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Plans with projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Projected benefit obligation | | 243 | | | 254 | | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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Components of Net Periodic Pension Cost |
The following table presents the net periodic pension cost under our plans: |
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| | Qualified and Non-Qualified Pension Plans |
| | U.S. Plans | | U.K. Plans |
In millions | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Service cost | | $ | 70 | | | $ | 58 | | | $ | 51 | | | $ | 21 | | | $ | 21 | | | $ | 20 | |
|
Interest cost | | 93 | | | 103 | | | 109 | | | 57 | | | 59 | | | 58 | |
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Expected return on plan assets | | (167 | ) | | (157 | ) | | (151 | ) | | (72 | ) | | (81 | ) | | (74 | ) |
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost | | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | | — | | | 1 | | | 3 | |
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Recognized net actuarial loss | | 62 | | | 47 | | | 39 | | | 24 | | | 14 | | | 14 | |
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Net periodic pension cost | | $ | 57 | | | $ | 50 | | | $ | 47 | | | $ | 30 | | | $ | 14 | | | $ | 21 | |
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Other changes in benefit obligations and plan assets recognized in other comprehensive income in 2013, 2012 and 2011 were as follows: |
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In millions | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amortization of prior service (cost) credit | | $ | 1 | | | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | (2 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Recognized actuarial loss | | (86 | ) | | (61 | ) | | (53 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Incurred prior service cost | | — | | | 1 | | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Incurred actuarial (gain) loss | | (168 | ) | | 124 | | | 138 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Foreign exchange translation adjustments | | 10 | | | 16 | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total recognized in other comprehensive income | | $ | (243 | ) | | $ | 79 | | | $ | 84 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total recognized in net periodic pension cost and other comprehensive income | | $ | (156 | ) | | $ | 143 | | | $ | 152 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The amount in accumulated other comprehensive loss expected to be recognized as a component of net periodic pension cost during the next fiscal year is a net actuarial loss of $57 million. |
Assumptions |
The table below presents various assumptions used in determining the pension benefit obligation for each year and reflects weighted-average percentages for the various plans as follows: |
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| | Qualified and Non-Qualified Pension Plans | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | U.S. Plans | | U.K. Plans | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Discount rate | | 4.83 | % | | 3.97 | % | | 4.6 | % | | 4.7 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Compensation increase rate | | 4.91 | % | | 4.9 | % | | 4.5 | % | | 4 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The table below presents various assumptions used in determining the net periodic pension cost and reflects weighted-average percentages for the various plans as follows: |
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| | Qualified and Non-Qualified Pension Plans | | | | | | |
| | U.S. Plans | | U.K. Plans | | | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | | | | | |
Discount rate | | 3.97 | % | | 4.82 | % | | 5.42 | % | | 4.7 | % | | 5.2 | % | | 5.8 | % | | | | | | |
Expected return on plan assets | | 8 | % | | 8 | % | | 8 | % | | 5.8 | % | | 6.5 | % | | 7 | % | | | | | | |
Compensation increase rate | | 4.91 | % | | 4 | % | | 4 | % | | 4 | % | | 4.25 | % | | 4.5 | % | | | | | | |
Plan Assets |
Our investment policies in the U.S. and U.K. provide for the rebalancing of assets to maintain our long-term strategic asset allocation. We are committed to its long-term strategy and do not attempt to time the market given empirical evidence that asset allocation is more critical than individual asset or investment manager selection. Rebalancing of the assets has and continues to occur. The rebalancing is critical to having the proper weighting of assets to achieve the expected total portfolio returns. We believe that our portfolio is highly diversified and does not have any significant exposure to concentration risk. The plan assets for our defined benefit pension plans do not include any of our common stock. |
U.S. Plan Assets |
For the U.S. qualified pension plans, our assumption for the expected return on assets was 8.0 percent in 2013. Projected returns are based primarily on broad, publicly traded equity and fixed income indices and forward-looking estimates of active portfolio and investment management. We expect additional positive returns from this active investment management. Based on the historical returns and forward-looking return expectations, we have elected to use an assumption of 7.5 percent per year beginning in 2014. |
The primary investment objective is to exceed, on a net-of-fee basis, the rate of return of a policy portfolio comprised of the following: |
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Asset Class | | Target | | Range | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. equities | | 9 | % | | +/-5.0% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-U.S. equities | | 3 | % | | +/-3.0% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Global equities | | 10 | % | | +/-3.0% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total equities | | 22 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate | | 7 | % | | -42.85714286 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Private equity | | 7 | % | | -42.85714286 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed income | | 64 | % | | +/-5.0% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 100 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The fixed income component is structured to represent a custom bond benchmark that will closely hedge the change in the value of our liabilities. This component is structured in such a way that its benchmark covers approximately 95 percent of the plan's exposure to changes in its discount rate (AA corporate bond yields). In order to achieve a hedge on more than the targeted 64 percent of plan assets invested in fixed income securities, our Benefits Policy Committee (BPC) permits the fixed income managers, other managers or the custodian/trustee to utilize derivative securities, as part of a liability driven investment strategy to further reduce the plan's risk of declining interest rates. However, all managers hired to manage assets for the trust are prohibited from using leverage unless specifically discussed with the BPC and approved in their guidelines. |
U.K. Plan Assets |
For the U.K. qualified pension plans, our assumption for the expected return on assets was 5.8 percent in 2013. The methodology used to determine the rate of return on pension plan assets in the U.K. was based on establishing an equity-risk premium over current long-term bond yields adjusted based on target asset allocations. Our strategy with respect to our investments in these assets is to be invested in a suitable mixture of return-seeking assets (equities and real estate) and liability matching assets (bonds) with a long-term outlook. Therefore, the risk and return balance of our U.K. asset portfolio should reflect a long-term horizon. To achieve these objectives we have established the following targets: |
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Asset Class | | Target | | Range | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Global equities | | 30.5 | % | | -50 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate | | 7.5 | % | | -50 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Re-insurance | | 5 | % | | -50 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Private equity | | 7.5 | % | | -50 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate credit instruments | | 4.5 | % | | -55.55555556 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed income | | 45 | % | | -275 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 100 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As part of our strategy in the U.K. we have not prohibited the use of any financial instrument, including derivatives. Based on the above discussion, we have elected to use our assumption of 5.8 percent per year beginning in 2014. |
Fair Value of U.S. Plan Assets |
The fair values of U.S. pension plan assets by asset category were as follows: |
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| | Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2013 | | | | | | | | |
In millions | | Quoted prices in active | | Significant other | | Significant | | Total | | | | | | | | |
markets for identical assets | observable inputs | unobservable inputs | | | | | | | | |
(Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | | | | | | | | |
Equities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. | | $ | 96 | | | $ | 375 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 471 | | | | | | | | | |
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Non-U.S. | | 143 | | | 138 | | | — | | | 281 | | | | | | | | | |
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Fixed Income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Government debt | | 325 | | | 455 | | | — | | | 780 | | | | | | | | | |
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Corporate debt | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
U.S. | | 279 | | | 244 | | | — | | | 523 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Non-U.S. | | 64 | | | — | | | — | | | 64 | | | | | | | | | |
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Asset/mortgaged backed securities | | 12 | | | — | | | — | | | 12 | | | | | | | | | |
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Net cash equivalents(1) | | 36 | | | — | | | — | | | 36 | | | | | | | | | |
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Derivative instruments(2) | | — | | | 2 | | | — | | | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
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Private equity and real estate(3) | | — | | | — | | | 296 | | | 296 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total | | $ | 955 | | | $ | 1,214 | | | $ | 296 | | | $ | 2,465 | | | | | | | | | |
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Pending trade/purchases/sales | | | | | | | | | | | (28 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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Accruals(4) | | | | | | | | | | | 8 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,445 | | | | | | | | | |
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| | Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2012 | | | | | | | | |
In millions | | Quoted prices in active | | Significant other | | Significant | | Total | | | | | | | | |
markets for identical assets | observable inputs | unobservable inputs | | | | | | | | |
(Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | | | | | | | | |
Equities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
U.S. | | $ | 113 | | | $ | 542 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 655 | | | | | | | | | |
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Non-U.S. | | 177 | | | 127 | | | — | | | 304 | | | | | | | | | |
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Fixed Income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Government debt | | 475 | | | 132 | | | — | | | 607 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Corporate debt | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
U.S. | | 203 | | | 191 | | | — | | | 394 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Non-U.S. | | 42 | | | — | | | — | | | 42 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Asset/mortgaged backed securities | | 13 | | | — | | | — | | | 13 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Net cash equivalents(1) | | 35 | | | — | | | — | | | 35 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Private equity and real estate(3) | | — | | | — | | | 286 | | | 286 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 1,058 | | | $ | 992 | | | $ | 286 | | | $ | 2,336 | | | | | | | | | |
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Pending trade/purchases/sales | | | | | | | | | | | (16 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Accruals(4) | | | | | | | | | | | 7 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,327 | | | | | | | | | |
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____________________________________________________ |
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-1 | Cash equivalents include commercial paper, short-term government/agency, mortgage and credit instruments. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-2 | Derivative instruments include interest rate swaps, foreign currency forward contracts and credit default swaps. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-3 | The instruments in private equity and real estate funds, for which quoted market prices are not available, are valued at their estimated fair value as determined by applicable investment managers or by audited financial statement of the funds. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-4 | Interest or dividends that had not been settled as of the year ended December 31. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
The reconciliation of Level 3 assets was as follows: |
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| | Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
In millions | | Private Equity | | Real Estate | | Total | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2011 | | $ | 147 | | | $ | 119 | | | $ | 266 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Actual return on plan assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized (losses) gains on assets still held at the reporting date | | 15 | | | 9 | | | 24 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Purchases, sales and settlements, net | | (6 | ) | | 2 | | | (4 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Balance at December 31, 2012 | | 156 | | | 130 | | | 286 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Actual return on plan assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized (losses) gains on assets still held at the reporting date | | 20 | | | 10 | | | 30 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchases, sales and settlements, net | | (23 | ) | | 3 | | | (20 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2013 | | $ | 153 | | | $ | 143 | | | $ | 296 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Fair Value of U.K. Plan Assets |
In July 2012, the U.K. pension plan purchased an insurance contract that will guarantee payment of specified pension liabilities. The contract defers payment for 10 years. This is included in the table below in Level 3 at a value of $440 million at December 31, 2013 and $424 million at December 31, 2012. |
The fair values of U.K. pension plan assets by asset category were as follows: |
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| | Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2013 | | | | | | | | |
In millions | | Quoted prices in active | | Significant other | | Significant | | Total | | | | | | | | |
markets for identical assets | observable inputs | unobservable inputs | | | | | | | | |
(Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | | | | | | | | |
Equities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. | | $ | — | | | $ | 270 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 270 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Non-U.S. | | — | | | 328 | | | — | | | 328 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Fixed Income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Government debt | | — | | | 120 | | | — | | | 120 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Corporate debt non-U.S. | | — | | | 138 | | | — | | | 138 | | | | | | | | | |
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Net cash equivalents(1) | | 13 | | | — | | | — | | | 13 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Derivative instruments(2) | | — | | | 24 | | | — | | | 24 | | | | | | | | | |
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Re-insurance | | — | | | 66 | | | — | | | 66 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Private equity, real estate & insurance(3) | | — | | | — | | | 557 | | | 557 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total | | $ | 13 | | | $ | 946 | | | $ | 557 | | | $ | 1,516 | | | | | | | | | |
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| | Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2012 | | | | | | | | |
In millions | | Quoted prices in active | | Significant other | | Significant | | Total | | | | | | | | |
markets for identical assets | observable inputs | unobservable inputs | | | | | | | | |
(Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | | | | | | | | |
Equities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. | | $ | — | | | $ | 251 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 251 | | | | | | | | | |
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Non-U.S. | | — | | | 325 | | | — | | | 325 | | | | | | | | | |
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Fixed Income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Government debt | | — | | | 191 | | | — | | | 191 | | | | | | | | | |
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Net cash equivalents(1) | | 10 | | | — | | | | | 10 | | | | | | | | | |
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Re-insurance | | — | | | 61 | | | — | | | 61 | | | | | | | | | |
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Private equity, real estate & insurance(3) | | — | | | — | | | 486 | | | 486 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total | | $ | 10 | | | $ | 828 | | | $ | 486 | | | $ | 1,324 | | | | | | | | | |
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_____________________________________________________ |
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(1) | Cash equivalents include commercial paper, short-term government/agency, mortgage and credit instruments. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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(2) | Derivative instruments include interest rate swaps, foreign currency forward contracts and credit default swaps. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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(3) | The instruments in private equity and real estate funds, for which quoted market prices are not available, are valued at their estimated fair value as determined by applicable investment managers or by audited financial statement of the funds. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The reconciliation of Level 3 assets was as follows: |
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| | Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, | | | | | | | | |
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | | | | | | | | |
In millions | | Insurance | | Real Estate | | Private Equity | | Total | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2011 | | $ | — | | | $ | 33 | | | $ | 14 | | | $ | 47 | | | | | | | | | |
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Actual return on plan assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized (losses) gains on assets still held at the reporting date | | 13 | | | 1 | | | 1 | | | 15 | | | | | | | | | |
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Purchases, sales and settlements, net | | 411 | | | — | | | 13 | | | 424 | | | | | | | | | |
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Balance at December 31, 2012 | | 424 | | | 34 | | | 28 | | | 486 | | | | | | | | | |
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Actual return on plan assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized (losses) gains on assets still held at the reporting date | | 29 | | | 2 | | | 5 | | | 36 | | | | | | | | | |
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Purchases, sales and settlements, net | | (13 | ) | | 33 | | | 15 | | | 35 | | | | | | | | | |
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Balance at December 31, 2013 | | $ | 440 | | | $ | 69 | | | $ | 48 | | | $ | 557 | | | | | | | | | |
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Level 3 Assets |
The investments in an insurance contract, private equity and real estate funds, for which quoted market prices are not available, are valued at their estimated fair value as determined by applicable investment managers or by quarterly financial statements of the funds. These financial statements are audited at least annually. In conjunction with our investment consultant, we monitor the fair value of the insurance contract as periodically reported by our insurer and their counterparty risk. The fair value of all real estate properties, held in the partnerships, are valued at least once per year by an independent professional real estate valuation firm. Fair value generally represents the fund's proportionate share of the net assets of the investment partnerships as reported by the general partners of the underlying partnerships. Some securities with no readily available market are initially valued at cost, utilizing independent professional valuation firms as well as market comparisons with subsequent adjustments to values which reflect either the basis of meaningful third-party transactions in the private market or the fair value deemed appropriate by the general partners of the underlying investment partnerships. In such instances, consideration is also given to the financial condition and operating results of the issuer, the amount that the investment partnerships can reasonably expect to realize upon the sale of the securities and any other factors deemed relevant. The estimated fair values are subject to uncertainty and therefore may differ from the values that would have been used had a ready market for such investments existed and such differences could be material. |
Estimated Future Contributions and Benefit Payments |
We plan to contribute approximately $205 million to our defined benefit pension plans in 2014. The table below presents expected future benefit payments under our pension plans: |
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| | Qualified and Non-Qualified Pension Plans |
In millions | | 2014 | | 2015 | | 2016 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2019 - 2023 |
Expected benefit payments | | $ | 225 | | | $ | 228 | | | $ | 235 | | | $ | 238 | | | $ | 244 | | | $ | 1,271 | |
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Other Pension Plans |
We also sponsor defined contribution plans for certain hourly and salaried employees. Our contributions to these plans were $66 million, $74 million and $72 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. |
Other Postretirement Benefits |
Our other postretirement benefit plans provide various health care and life insurance benefits to eligible employees, who retire and satisfy certain age and service requirements, and their dependents. The plans are contributory and contain cost-sharing features such as caps, deductibles, coinsurance and spousal contributions. Employer contributions are limited by formulas in each plan. Retiree contributions for health care benefits are adjusted annually and we reserve the right to change benefits covered under these plans. There were no plan assets for the postretirement benefit plans as our policy is to fund benefits and expenses for these plans as claims and premiums are incurred. |
Obligations and Funded Status |
Benefit obligation balances presented below reflect the accumulated postretirement benefit obligations (APBO) for our other postretirement benefit plans. The changes in the benefit obligations, the funded status of the plans and the amounts recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets for our significant other postretirement benefit plans were as follows: |
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In millions | | 2013 | | 2012 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in benefit obligation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Benefit obligation at the beginning of the year | | $ | 478 | | | $ | 483 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Interest cost | | 17 | | | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Plan participants' contributions | | 10 | | | 8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Plan amendments | | — | | | (4 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Actuarial losses (gains) | | (49 | ) | | 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Benefits paid directly by employer | | (58 | ) | | (51 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Benefit obligation at end of year | | $ | 398 | | | $ | 478 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Funded status at end of year | | $ | (398 | ) | | $ | (478 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accrued compensation, benefits and retirement costs - current liabilities | | $ | (42 | ) | | $ | (46 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Postretirement benefits other than pensions-long-term liabilities | | (356 | ) | | (432 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net amount recognized | | $ | (398 | ) | | $ | (478 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net actuarial loss | | $ | 27 | | | $ | 83 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Prior service credit | | (5 | ) | | (6 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net amount recognized | | $ | 22 | | | $ | 77 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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In addition to the other postretirement plans in the above table, we also maintain less significant postretirement plans in four other countries outside the U.S. that comprise less than 5 percent of our postretirement obligations. These plans are reflected in "Other liabilities and deferred revenue" in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
Components of Net Periodic Other Postretirement Benefits Cost |
The following table presents the net periodic other postretirement benefits cost under our plans: |
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In millions | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest cost | | $ | 17 | | | $ | 21 | | | $ | 24 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Amortization of prior service credit | | — | | | (5 | ) | | (8 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Recognized net actuarial loss | | 6 | | | 3 | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Other | | — | | | 1 | | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Net periodic other postretirement benefit cost | | $ | 23 | | | $ | 20 | | | $ | 17 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Other changes in benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income in 2013, 2012 and 2011 were as follows: |
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In millions | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amortization of prior service credit | | $ | — | | | $ | 5 | | | $ | 8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Recognized actuarial loss | | (6 | ) | | (3 | ) | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Incurred actuarial (gain) loss | | (49 | ) | | 20 | | | 16 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Incurred prior service credit | | — | | | (4 | ) | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Other | | — | | | (1 | ) | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total recognized in other comprehensive income | | $ | (55 | ) | | $ | 17 | | | $ | 24 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total recognized in net periodic other postretirement benefit cost and other comprehensive income | | $ | (32 | ) | | $ | 37 | | | $ | 41 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The amount in accumulated other comprehensive loss expected to be recognized as a component of net periodic other postretirement benefit cost during the next fiscal year is zero. |
Assumptions |
The table below presents assumptions used in determining the other postretirement benefit obligation for each year and reflects weighted-average percentages for our other postretirement plans as follows: |
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| | 2013 | | 2012 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Discount rate | | 4.55 | % | | 3.7 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The table below presents assumptions used in determining the net periodic other postretirement benefits cost and reflects weighted-average percentages for the various plans as follows: |
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| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Discount rate | | 3.7 | % | | 4.7 | % | | 5.2 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Our consolidated other postretirement benefit obligation is determined by application of the terms of health care and life insurance plans, together with relevant actuarial assumptions and health care cost trend rates. For measurement purposes, a 7.50 percent annual rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered health care benefits was assumed in 2013. The rate is assumed to decrease on a linear basis to 5.00 percent through 2019 and remain at that level thereafter. An increase in the health care cost trends of 1 percent would increase our APBO by $19 million as of December 31, 2013 and the net periodic other postretirement benefit cost for 2014 by $1 million. A decrease in the health care cost trends of 1 percent would decrease our APBO by $16 million as of December 31, 2013 and the net periodic other postretirement benefit cost for 2014 by $1 million. |
Estimated Benefit Payments |
The table below presents expected benefit payments under our other postretirement benefit plans: |
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In millions | | 2014 | | 2015 | | 2016 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2019 - 2023 |
Expected benefit payments | | $ | 43 | | | $ | 41 | | | $ | 38 | | | $ | 36 | | | $ | 33 | | | $ | 140 | |
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