providing, directly or indirectly, development financing and other forms of development support in a manner that is consistent with Canada’s international development priorities. FinDev Canada has been established as a wholly-owned subsidiary of EDC.
The Head Office of EDC is located at 150 Slater Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 1K3 (Telephone: (613)598-2500). Regional Offices are in Brossard, Calgary, Charlottetown, Drummondville, Edmonton, Halifax, London (Ontario), Mississauga, Moncton, Montréal, Québec City, Regina, Saskatoon, Sherbrooke, St. John’s, Toronto, Vancouver, Ville Saint-Laurent, Windsor and Winnipeg. In addition, EDC operates one branch office in Singapore and Foreign Representations in Beijing, Bogotá, Dubai, Düsseldorf, Istanbul, Jakarta, Johannesburg, Lima, London, Mexico City, Monterrey, Moscow, Mumbai, New Delhi, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago, São Paulo, Shanghai and Sydney.
Status as a Crown Corporation
EDC is an agent of Her Majesty in right of Canada and is a Crown corporation whose shares shall be held in trust for Her Majesty. Crown corporations are established by the Parliament of Canada for many purposes, including the administering and managing of public services in which business enterprise and public accountability can be combined. EDC is ultimately accountable for the conduct of its affairs to Parliament through the Minister of International Trade.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
The Effects of Tariffs Imposed by the U.S. and Canada and Cases Brought Before the World Trade Organization in Connection Therewith
The governments of the U.S. and Canada have recently been using the dispute settlement mechanism of the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) to challenge certain trade practices of each country. On June 1, 2018, the U.S. began imposing tariffs of 25 percent on steel and 10 percent on aluminum originating from Canada, Mexico and the EU, which it had been imposing on other countries such as China since March 2018. On June 6, 2018, Canada and the E.U. brought cases before the WTO, arguing that the enactment of such tariffs was illegal under WTO rules. On July 1, 2018, Canada imposed countermeasures against C$16.6 billion in imports of steel, aluminum, and other products from the U.S., representing the value of 2017 Canadian exports affected by the U.S. tariffs. Canada indicated that the countermeasures would remain in place until the U.S. eliminates its own measures. Canada’s tariffs include a 25% tariff on certain steel products and a 10% tariff on selected aluminum products and other goods, including coffee and whiskey. On July 16, 2018, the U.S. brought cases before the WTO against Canada and other countries, arguing that the retaliatory measures imposed by Canada and other countries were illegal under WTO rules. Canada and the U.S. have since accepted requests from one another to enter into consultations with respect to their respective disputes. If consultations fail to settle the disputes within the afforded timelines under WTO rules, complaining parties may request WTO panel proceedings.
Should the WTO agree that the imposition of tariffs by the U.S. or Canada violates its rules, it would assess retaliation entitlements that the U.S. or Canada could impose in response to the offending tariffs. Such process, however, could take years. In the meantime, the tariffs imposed by the U.S. and Canada on each other’s exports may disrupt the U.S., Canadian and world economies, as well as the purchasing habits of individuals and the supply chains and production processes of corporations that operate in such economies, which may adversely impact Canada’s economy and EDC’s business. Further, any decrease in the growth of the Canadian economy would result in lower relative tax revenues for the Canadian government.
The Renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement
The North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”) is an agreement between Canada, the U.S. and Mexico (the “Parties”) that came into force on January 1, 1994, creating the world’s largest free trade area. NAFTA’s terms, which were implemented gradually through January 2008, allowed for the elimination of most tariffs on products traded among the Parties. The promotion of trade in agriculture, textiles, and automobile
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