Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business Donaldson Company, Inc. (the Company) is a global leader in technology-led filtration products and solutions. The Company’s core strengths include leading filtration technology, diverse business and a global presence. Products are manufactured and sold around the world to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), distributors, dealers and directly to end users. Principles of Consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and all its majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been elimin ated. The Company’s joint ventures are not majority-owned and are accounted for under the equity meth od. The Company is party to joint ventures with Advanced Filtration Systems Inc. (AFSI) and PT Panata Jaya Mandiri (PTPJM), both of which are considered related parties. The investment and earnings from joint ventures are not material. Certain reclassifications to previously reported financial information on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity have been made to conform to the current period presentation. Use of Estimates The preparation of the Company’s financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States (U.S.) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosures regarding contingent assets and liabilities at period end and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Operating Environment Foreign Currency Translation For most foreign operations, local currencies are considered the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. dollar functional currency entities are translated to U.S. dollars at fiscal year end exchange rates and the resulting gains and losses arising from the translation of net assets located outside the U.S. are recorded as a cumulative translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Elements of the Consolidated Statements of Earnings are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the fiscal year. Foreign currency transaction losses are included in other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings and were $1.7 million, $6.4 million and $6.3 million in the years ended July 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid temporary investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates market value. Revenue Recognition Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for the fulfillment of performance obligations. The transaction price of a contract could be reduced by variable consideration including volume purchase rebates and discounts, product refunds and returns. At the time of sale to a customer, the Company records an estimate of variable consideration as a reduction from gross sales. The Company primarily relies on historical experience and anticipated future performance to estimate the variable consideration. Revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable a significant reversal of revenue will not occur when the contingency is resolved. The Company accounts for amounts billed to customers for reimbursement of shipping and handling costs by recording these amounts as revenue and accruing costs when the related revenue is recognized. For most customer contracts, the Company recognizes revenue at a point in time when control of the goods or services is transferred to the customer. For product sales, control is typically deemed to have transferred in accordance with the shipping terms, either at the time of shipment from the plants or distribution centers or the time of delivery to the customers. Revenue is recognized for services upon completion o f those services. Payment terms vary by customer and the geographic location of the customer. The Company’s contracts with customers do not include significant financing components or non-cash consideration. The Company has some contracts with customers where the performance obligations are satisfied over time. Certain customer contracts provide the Company with an enforceable right to payment of the transaction price for performance completed to date and the Company uses either an input or an output method of production to measure the progress towards the completion of the performance obligation in these arrangements, depending on the nature of the contract. The timing of revenue recognized from these products is slightly accelerated compared to revenue recognized at the time of shipment or delivery. The Company generally does not incur significant incremental costs related to obtaining or fulfilling a contract prior to the start of a project. The Company may incur certain fulfillment costs such as initial design or mobilization costs which are capitalized if they relate directly to the contract, if they are expected to generate resources that will be used to satisfy the Company’s performance obligation under the contract and if they are expected to be recovered through revenues generated under the contract. Such costs, which are amortized over the life of the respective project, were not material for any period presented. The Company does not pay upfront sales commissions on contracts when the related contract period is greater than one year and thus has not capitalized any amounts as of July 31, 2024 and 2023 , see Note 3. Shipping and Handling Shipping and handling costs on products sold of $91.5 million , $91.2 million and $96.4 million are classified as a component of operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the years ended July 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Accounts Receivable, Net and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable, net are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of credit losses in its existing accounts receivable. The Company determines the allowance based on utilization of a combination of aging schedules with reserve rates applied to both current and aged receivables using historical write-off experience, regional economic data and evaluation of specific customer accounts for risk of loss and changes in current or projected conditions to calculate the allowances related to accounts receivable, net. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts monthly. Account balances are reviewed on a pooled basis by reporting unit and geographic region and are reserved when the Company determines it is probable the receivable will not be recovered. The Company reduces the receivable and corresponding allowance when it confirms an account is uncollectible. Factoring Arrangements The Company has agreements with financial institutions to sell certain trade receivables from customers without recourse. The Company accounts for trade receivable transfers as sales and de-recognizes the sold receivables from the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During fiscal 2024, the Company sold $29.9 million re ceivables under factoring agreements. Costs incurred on these sales during the year ended July 31, 2024 were $1.7 million and are included in the cost of sales within the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Cash received from selling receivables of $28.2 million is presented as a change in accounts receivable within the operating section of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. U.S. inventories are valued using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method while the non-U.S. inventories are valued using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Inventories valued at LIFO were approximately 35.3% and 29.7% of total inventories as of July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For inventories valued under the LIFO method, the FIFO cost exceeded the LIFO carrying values by $51.3 million and $56.1 million as of July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Results of operations for all periods presented were not materially affected by the liquidation of LIFO inventory. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Additions, improvements or major renewals are capitalized while expenditures that do not enhance or extend the asset’s useful life are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. Depreciation expense was $82.8 million, $80.9 million and $85.1 million in the years ended July 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment are 10 to 40 years for buildings, including building improvements and three Internal-Use Software and Cloud Computing Arrangements The Company capitalizes direct costs of materials and services used in the development and purchase of internal-use software. Amounts capitalized are amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of five The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred during the application development stage of implementation of internal-use software in cloud computing arrangements. Amounts capitalized are amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of five Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations under the purchase method of accounting. Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually or if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. The Company performed its annual impairment assessment during the third quarter of fiscal 2024. The goodwill impairment assessment is conducted at a reporting unit level, which is one level below the operating segment level and utilizes either a qualitative or quantitative assessment. The Company determined the fair value for all its reporting units was substantially in excess of their respective carrying values and there were no indicators of impairment for any of the reporting units evaluated. An impairment loss would be recognized when the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s net assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit, see Note 6. Intangible assets, comprised of customer relationships, trademarks, technology and patents and non-compete agreements, are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 2 to 22 years. Business Combinations The Company allocates the purchase price of acquired businesses to the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as any contingent consideration, where applicable, as of the date of acquisition. The fair values of the long-lived assets acquired, primarily intangible assets, are determined using calculations which can be complex and require significant judgment. Estimates include many factors such as the nature of the acquired company’s business, its historical financial position and results, technology obsolescence, customer retention rates, discount rates, royalty rates and expected future performance. Independent valuation specialists are used to assist in determining certain fair value calculations. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Any adjustments required after the measurement period are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Recoverability of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including identifiable intangibles, for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If impairment indicators are present and the estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, the carrying value is reduced to the fair market value. There were no indicators of impairment or impairment charges recorded for the years ended July 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. Income Taxes The provision for income taxes is computed based on the pretax income reported for financial statement purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributed to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are anticipated to reverse. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not a tax benefit will not be realized. The Company maintains a reserve for uncertain tax benefits. Benefits of tax return positions are recognized in the financial statements when the position is more likely than not to be sustained by the taxing authorities based solely on the technical merits of the position. If the recognition threshold is met, the tax benefit is measured and recognized as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized, in the Company’s judgment, see Note 8. Leases The Company determines whether an arrangement that provides control over the use of an asset to the Company is a lease. The Company recognizes a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the present value of future lease payments and recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term (or at fair values in the case of those leases assumed in an acquisition). Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease expense is immaterial and primarily includes leases with payments indexed to inflation when the index changes after lease commencement. The Company has elected to separate payments fo r lease components from non-lease components for all asset classes. Lease agreements may include extension, termination or purchase options, all of which are considered in calculating the lease liability and right-of-use asset when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise an option. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate on the commencement date is used to calculate the present value of future payments for most leases since the rate implicit in the lease is generally not readily determinable. These rates are assessed on a quarterly basis for measurement of new lease obligations, see Note 9. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense is recognized using the fair value method for all awards, see Note 13. Treasury Stock Repurchased common stock is stated at cost, determined on an average cost basis and is presented as a reduction of stockholders’ equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses include scientific research costs such as salaries, facility costs, testing, technical information technology and administrative expenditures. Research and development expenses are for the application of scientific advances to the development of new and improved products and their uses. Substantially all research and development is performed in-house. Expenses are charged against earnings in the year incurred. Foreign Currency Forward Contracts - Cash Flow Hedges and Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments The Company buys materials from foreign suppliers. Those transactions can be denominated in those suppliers’ local currency. The Company also sells to customers in foreign countries. Those transactions can be denominated in those customers’ local currency. Both of these transaction types can create volatility in the Company’s financial statements. The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to manage those exposures and fluctuations. These contracts generally mature in 12 months or less, which is consistent with the forecasts of the rel ated purchases and sales. Certain contracts are designated as cash flow hedges, whereas the remaining contracts, most of which are related to certain intercompany transactions which offset balance sheet exposure, are not designated as hedging instruments, see Notes 12, 15 and 16. Net Investment Hedges The Company uses fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swap agreements to hedge its exposure to adverse foreign currency exchange rate movements for its operations in Europe. The Company has elected the spot method for designating these contracts as net investment hedges. The maturity dates range from 2027 to 2029, see Notes 12, 15 and 16. Interest Rate Swaps - Cash Flow Hedges The Company uses swap agreements to hedge exposure related to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. The Company enters into interest rate s wap agreements designated as cash flow hedges to hedge future fixed-rate debt issuances, which effectively fix a portion of interest payments. Product Warranties The Company provides for estimated warranty expense at the time of sale and accrues for specific items at the time their existence is known and the amounts are determinable. The Company estimates warranty expense on certain products at the time of sale using quantitative measures based on historical warranty claim experience and evaluation of specific customer warranty issues, see Note 18. New Significant Accounting Standards Recently Adopted There were no new significant accounting standards adopted in fiscal 2024 or 2023 that had a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. New Significant Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted The Company considers the applicability and impact of the FASB’s ASUs issued but not yet adopted. In December 2023, FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 820), “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect adoption of this standard will have a material impact on the related disclosures within its financial statements. In November 2023, FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), “Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which improves the segment disclosures to include reportable segment’s expenses. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted. This ASU is applicable to annual reporting for the Company’s fiscal 2025 and interim reporting for the first quarter of the Company’s fiscal 2026. The Company does not expect adoption of this standard will have a material impact on the related disclosures within its financial statements. In October 2023, FASB issued ASU No. 2023-06, "Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative," which modifies the disclosure or presentation requirements of various FASB topics in the Codification. The effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC's removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of the ASU on its related disclosures. In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), “ Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,” which clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair values; it also requires additional disclosures, including the nature and remaining duration of such restrictions. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, with early application permitted. This ASU is applicable to the Company’s fiscal year beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2025. The Company does not expect adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its financial statements. |