UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2006
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 1-6862
Credit Suisse (USA), Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) Eleven Madison Avenue New York, New York (Address of principal executive offices) | 13-1898818 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 10010 (Zip Code) |
| |
(212) 325-2000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
The Registrant meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction H (1) (a) and (b) of Form 10-Q and is therefore filing this Form 10-Q with the reduced disclosure format.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No x
Because the registrant is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Credit Suisse Group, none of the registrant’s outstanding voting stock is held by nonaffiliates of the registrant. As of the date hereof, 1,100.103543 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $.10 par value, were issued and outstanding and held by Credit Suisse Holdings (USA), Inc.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarter Ended June 30, 2006
| FINANCIAL INFORMATION | |
| ITEM 1: Financial Statements | |
| | | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Unaudited) as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 | 2 |
| | | | |
| | | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 | 4 |
| | | | |
| | | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s Equity (Unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 | 5 |
| | | | |
| | | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 | 6 |
| | | | |
| | | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | |
| | | | 1. | | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 7 |
| | | | 2. | | Related Party Transactions | 11 |
| | | | 3. | | Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets | 13 |
| | | | 4. | | Private Equity and Other Long-Term Investments | 17 |
| | | | 5. | | Derivatives Contracts | 18 |
| | | | 6. | | Borrowings | 18 |
| | | | 7. | | Leases and Commitments | 21 |
| | | | 8. | | Guarantees | 22 |
| | | | 9. | | Net Capital Requirements | 22 |
| | | | 10. | | Cash and Securities Segregated Under Federal and Other Regulations | 23 |
| | | | 11. | | Employee Benefit Plans | 23 |
| | | | 12. | | Legal Proceedings | 24 |
| | | | 13. | | Industry Segment and Geographic Data | 25 |
| | | Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 28 |
| ITEM 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 29 |
| ITEM 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 60 |
| ITEM 4: Controls and Procedures | 62 |
| | |
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | |
| ITEM 1: Legal Proceedings | 63 |
| ITEM 1A: Risk Factors | 64 |
| ITEM 6: Exhibits | 64 |
| Signature | 65 |
AVAILABLE INFORMATION We file annual, quarterly and current reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public over the internet on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. You may also view our annual, quarterly and current reports on our website at www.csfb.com/about_csfb/company_information/sec/index.shtml as soon as is reasonably practicable after the report is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report. |
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1: Financial Statements
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(Unaudited)
(In millions)
ASSETS | | June 30, 2006 | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 1,521 | | $ | 884 | |
Collateralized short-term financings: | | | | | | | |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell | | | 49,699 | | | 54,454 | |
Securities borrowed | | | 101,042 | | | 82,802 | |
Receivables: | | | | | | | |
Customers | | | 2,599 | | | 3,299 | |
Brokers, dealers and other | | | 10,646 | | | 8,128 | |
Financial instruments owned (includes securities pledged as collateral of $94,483 and $73,043, respectively): | | | | | | | |
U.S. government and agencies | | | 34,823 | | | 31,366 | |
Corporate debt | | | 20,225 | | | 20,561 | |
Mortgage whole loans | | | 18,152 | | | 17,817 | |
Equities | | | 41,029 | | | 35,244 | |
Commercial paper | | | 3,360 | | | 1,523 | |
Private equity and other long-term investments | | | 10,629 | | | 3,641 | |
Derivatives contracts | | | 6,486 | | | 5,085 | |
Other | | | 5,638 | | | 3,929 | |
Net deferred tax asset | | | 927 | | | 1,202 | |
Office facilities at cost (net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $937 and $852, respectively) | | | 467 | | | 453 | |
Goodwill | | | 585 | | | 562 | |
Loans receivable from parent and affiliates | | | 29,918 | | | 25,225 | |
Other assets and deferred amounts (includes encumbered loans of $4,674 as of June 30, 2006) | | | 6,973 | | | 1,579 | |
Total assets | | $ | 344,719 | | $ | 297,754 | |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(In millions, except share data)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY | | June 30, 2006 | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Commercial paper and short-term borrowings | | $ | 17,721 | | $ | 13,654 | |
Collateralized short-term financings: | | | | | | | |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | | 127,197 | | | 126,323 | |
Securities loaned | | | 48,787 | | | 45,956 | |
Payables: | | | | | | | |
Customers | | | 8,675 | | | 9,417 | |
Brokers, dealers and other | | | 9,547 | | | 3,884 | |
Financial instruments sold not yet purchased: | | | | | | | |
U.S. government and agencies | | | 27,641 | | | 20,078 | |
Corporate debt | | | 4,204 | | | 3,696 | |
Equities | | | 13,970 | | | 12,402 | |
Derivatives contracts | | | 4,392 | | | 2,262 | |
Other | | | 801 | | | 155 | |
Obligation to return securities received as collateral | | | 7,625 | | | 3,077 | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 2,704 | | | 3,152 | |
Other liabilities | | | 18,549 | | | 7,761 | |
Long-term borrowings | | | 39,478 | | | 33,926 | |
Total liabilities | | | 331,291 | | | 285,743 | |
| | | | | | | |
Stockholder’s Equity: | | | | | | | |
Common stock ($0.10 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 1,100 shares issued and outstanding) | | | ― | | | ― | |
Paid-in capital | | | 10,146 | | | 9,530 | |
Retained earnings | | | 3,462 | | | 2,661 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | (180 | ) | | (180 | ) |
Total stockholder’s equity | | | 13,428 | | | 12,011 | |
Total liabilities and stockholder’s equity | | $ | 344,719 | | $ | 297,754 | |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(Unaudited)
(In millions)
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | |
Principal transactions-net | | $ | 1,054 | | $ | 194 | | $ | 2,709 | | $ | 561 | |
Investment banking and advisory | | | 755 | | | 407 | | | 1,338 | | | 728 | |
Commissions and fees | | | 399 | | | 309 | | | 750 | | | 660 | |
Other | | | 4 | | | 8 | | | 51 | | | 25 | |
| | | 2,212 | | | 918 | | | 4,848 | | | 1,974 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest and dividends | | | 4,668 | | | 2,984 | | | 8,750 | | | 5,708 | |
Interest expense | | | 4,420 | | | 2,475 | | | 8,208 | | | 4,622 | |
Net interest and dividends | | | 248 | | | 509 | | | 542 | | | 1,086 | |
Total net revenues | | | 2,460 | | | 1,427 | | | 5,390 | | | 3,060 | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Employee compensation and benefits | | | 1,065 | | | 738 | | | 2,229 | | | 1,685 | |
Occupancy and equipment rental | | | 136 | | | 124 | | | 257 | | | 244 | |
Brokerage, clearing and exchange fees | | | 97 | | | 86 | | | 182 | | | 163 | |
Communications | | | 37 | | | 37 | | | 78 | | | 73 | |
Professional fees | | | 95 | | | 73 | | | 177 | | | 140 | |
Other operating expenses | | | (334 | ) | | 749 | | | (294 | ) | | 744 | |
Total expenses | | | 1,096 | | | 1,807 | | | 2,629 | | | 3,049 | |
Income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes, minority interests and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle | | | 1,364 | | | (380 | ) | | 2,761 | | | 11 | |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | | | 247 | | | (244 | ) | | 384 | | | (178 | ) |
Minority interests | | | 633 | | | 303 | | | 1,576 | | | 458 | |
Income (loss) before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle | | | 484 | | | (439 | ) | | 801 | | | (269 | ) |
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, net of income tax expense of $3 in 2005 | | | ― | | | ― | | | ― | | | 6 | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 484 | | $ | (439 | ) | $ | 801 | | $ | (263 | ) |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 and 2005
(Unaudited)
(In millions)
| | Common Stock | | Paid-in Capital | | Retained Earnings | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | | Total | |
Balances as of December 31, 2004 | | $ | ― | | $ | 8,538 | | $ | 2,534 | | $ | (8 | ) | $ | 11,064 | |
Net loss | | | ― | | | ― | | | (263 | ) | | ― | | | (263 | ) |
Total comprehensive loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (263 | ) |
CSG share plan activity(1) | | | ― | | | 193 | | | ― | | | ― | | | 193 | |
Balances as of June 30, 2005 | | $ | ― | | $ | 8,731 | | $ | 2,271 | | $ | (8 | ) | $ | 10,994 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balances as of December 31, 2005 | | $ | ― | | $ | 9,530 | | $ | 2,661 | | $ | (180 | ) | $ | 12,011 | |
Net income | | | ― | | | ― | | | 801 | | | ― | | | 801 | |
Total comprehensive income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 801 | |
CSG share plan activity, including tax benefit of $146 | | | ― | | | 616 | | | ― | | | ― | | | 616 | |
Balances as of June 30, 2006 | | $ | ― | | $ | 10,146 | | $ | 3,462 | | $ | (180 | ) | $ | 13,428 | |
(1) | For the six months ended June 30, 2005, there was no net tax charge or credit related to CSG share plan activity. |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 and 2005
(Unaudited)
(In millions)
| | 2006 | | 2005 | |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 801 | | $ | (263 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 109 | | | 64 | |
Non-cash CSG share plan activity | | | 535 | | | 251 | |
Tax benefit on CSG share plan activity | | | 146 | | | — | |
Deferred taxes | | | 276 | | | (78 | ) |
Change in operating assets and operating liabilities: | | | | | | | |
Securities borrowed | | | (18,240 | ) | | (5,047 | ) |
Receivables from customers | | | 700 | | | 1,583 | |
Receivables from brokers, dealers and other | | | (2,518 | ) | | (9,213 | ) |
Financial instruments owned | | | (12,379 | ) | | (11,616 | ) |
Other assets and deferred amounts and Other liabilities, net | | | (4,027 | ) | | (1,410 | ) |
Securities loaned | | | 2,831 | | | 3,671 | |
Payables to customers | | | (742 | ) | | 2,463 | |
Payables to brokers, dealers and other | | | 5,663 | | | (1,808 | ) |
Financial instruments sold not yet purchased | | | 12,415 | | | 18,289 | |
Obligation to return securities received as collateral | | | 4,548 | | | (1,725 | ) |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | (435 | ) | | (1,031 | ) |
Net cash used in operating activities | | | (10,317 | ) | | (5,870 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | |
Net (payments for) proceeds from: | | | | | | | |
Loans receivable from parent and affiliates | | | (4,693 | ) | | (146 | ) |
Office facilities, net | | | (159 | ) | | (88 | ) |
Purchase of Guilford Holding Corporation, net of cash | | | (17 | ) | | ― | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (4,869 | ) | | (234 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | |
Net proceeds from (payments for): | | | | | | | |
Commercial paper and short-term borrowings | | | 4,067 | | | (4,538 | ) |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, net of securities purchased under agreements to resell | | | 5,629 | | | 10,937 | |
Issuances of long-term borrowings | | | 7,659 | | | 2,276 | |
Redemptions and maturities of long-term borrowings | | | (1,467 | ) | | (2,521 | ) |
Dividend equivalents on CSG share plan activity | | | (65 | ) | | (58 | ) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 15,823 | | | 6,096 | |
| | | | | | | |
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 637 | | | (8 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents as of the beginning of period | | | 884 | | | 727 | |
Cash and cash equivalents as of the end of period | | $ | 1,521 | | $ | 719 | |
| | | | | | | |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES | | | | | | | |
Cash payments for interest | | $ | 8,061 | | $ | 4,381 | |
Cash payments for income taxes, net of refunds | | $ | 25 | | $ | 14 | |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
June 30, 2006
The Company
The condensed consolidated financial statements include Credit Suisse (USA), Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”). The Company is an integrated investment bank serving institutional, corporate, government and high-net-worth individual clients. The Company’s products and services include securities underwriting, sales and trading, financial advisory services, private equity investments, full service brokerage services, derivatives and risk management products, asset management and investment research. The Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Credit Suisse Holdings (USA), Inc. (“CS Holdings”). The Company is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Credit Suisse, a Swiss bank, and Credit Suisse Group (“CSG”). Effective January 16, 2006, the Company changed its name from Credit Suisse First Boston (USA), Inc. to Credit Suisse (USA), Inc.
Basis of Presentation
All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States but not required for interim reporting purposes has been condensed or omitted. These condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring accruals) that are necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition and income for the interim periods presented.
The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
To prepare condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, management must make estimates and assumptions. The reported amounts of assets and liabilities and revenues and expenses are affected by these estimates and assumptions, the most significant of which are discussed in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and available information. Therefore, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. For a description of the Company’s significant accounting policies, see Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
The Company’s Investment Banking segment consists principally of the businesses that comprised its former Institutional Securities segment, with the addition of the private funds group that was formerly part of its Wealth & Asset Management segment. The Company’s Asset Management segment consists of the private equity business and the Volaris business that were formerly part of its Wealth & Asset Management segment. The Company’s Private Banking segment consists of the private client services business in the United States (other than Volaris) that was formerly part of the Company’s Wealth & Asset Management segment.
The Company manages and reports its segments on a pre-tax basis and excludes revenues and expenses primarily from the consolidation of certain private equity funds, which are reported in Elimination & Other. Net income is unaffected by the consolidation of these private equity funds because offsetting minority interests are also recorded.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report to reflect the operational and management structure in place during 2006.
RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Consolidation
In June 2005, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ratified Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue No. 04-5, “Determining Whether a General Partner, or the General Partners as a Group, Controls a Limited Partnership or Similar Entity When the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights” (“EITF 04-5”). EITF 04-5 provides a framework for evaluating whether a general partner or a group of general partners controls a limited partnership and therefore should consolidate it. EITF 04-5 states that the presumption of general partner control is overcome only when the limited partners have substantive “kick-out rights” or “participating rights.” These rights would allow a simple majority of the limited partners to dissolve or liquidate the partnership or otherwise remove the general partner “without cause” or effectively participate in significant decisions made in the ordinary course of the partnership business. EITF 04-5 was effective upon ratification for all newly formed limited partnerships and for existing limited partnership agreements that have been modified. The guidance was effective for the Company with respect to existing unmodified partnerships as of January 1, 2006.
As a result of the ratification of EITF 04-5, EITF Issue No. 96-16, “Investor’s Accounting for an Investee When the Investor Has a Majority of the Voting Interest but the Minority Shareholder or Shareholders Have Certain Approval or Veto Rights” (“EITF 96-16”) was updated and FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. SOP 78-9-1, “Interaction of AICPA Statement of Position 78-9 and EITF Issue No. 04-5” (“FSP SOP 78-9-1”) was issued. The amendments to EITF 96-16 were effective on a prospective basis upon issuance, whereas, similar to EITF 04-5, FSP SOP 78-9-1 was effective upon issuance for all new partnerships formed and for existing partnership agreements modified after June 29, 2005, and was effective for the Company with respect to existing unmodified partnerships as of January 1, 2006.
The changes to EITF 96-16 and the provisions of EITF 04-5 and FSP SOP 78-9-1 in effect during 2005 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. As of January 1, 2006, the Company increased its assets and liabilities by $6.7 billion due to the consolidation of certain unmodified private equity partnerships that existed prior to June 2005.
Share-based Compensation
In December 2004, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123 (Revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS 123R”). SFAS 123R was effective for annual reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2005. The Company early adopted SFAS 123R as of January 1, 2005, applying the modified prospective method. The Company’s policy is to expense share-based awards over the requisite service period.
The most significant accounting implications of the adoption of SFAS 123R for the Company were as follows: (i) inclusion of forfeitures in the estimate of compensation expense determined at the grant date rather than as they occur. The Company recorded a cumulative adjustment of approximately $6 million, net of tax, during the first quarter of 2005 to reverse the expense previously recognized on all outstanding unvested awards expected to be forfeited. For new grants after January 1, 2005, forfeitures have been included in the initial estimation of the compensation expense at the grant date; (ii) recognition of compensation cost for all outstanding unvested awards as of January 1, 2005, that were previously accounted for under Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25 and for which no expense was previously recognized, based on the original grant-date fair value of each award over the remaining requisite service period of the respective award (the recognition of this expense was not material); and (iii) adoption of changes to the presentation of the statement of cash flows in accordance with the revised standard.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
In a December 2005 speech, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) staff provided further guidance on SFAS 123R, relating to accounting for share-based compensation awards subject to a non-competition provision that have scheduled vesting beyond an employee’s eligibility for early retirement. The SEC staff noted that such share-based awards should generally be expensed over the period from the grant date to the date an employee becomes eligible for early retirement, rather than over the entire vesting, or stated service, period, unless the non-competition provision and other factors establish an in-substance requisite service period that extends beyond the early retirement date. As a result of the December 2005 guidance, and based on subsequent discussions with the SEC staff, the Company recorded in the fourth quarter of 2005 an incremental expense to reflect the full-year cost of its 2005 share-based awards. This incremental expense reflected the attribution of the total cost of these awards over the period from the grant date to the date the employee becomes eligible for early retirement rather than over the vesting period that ranged from three to five years.
The impact of the Company’s change in accounting was to increase fourth quarter and full year 2005 compensation and benefits by $296 million ($12 million of which was charged to CSG affiliates outside of the Company and reflected as a reduction in other operating expenses), and to decrease fourth quarter and full year 2005 net income by $185 million. This non-cash charge, recorded in Elimination & Other for segment reporting purposes, represents the recognition of compensation expense for share-based awards granted in 2005 that otherwise would have been recorded in the Company’s segments, principally Investment Banking, generally over vesting periods of three to five years.
The share-based awards granted in March 2006 provide for early retirement eligibility no earlier than two years after the award grant date. These awards will be recorded as compensation expense in the Company’s operating segments over the period from the grant date of March 2006 to the date an employee becomes eligible for early retirement if earlier than the three to five year vesting period.
Accounting Changes
In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20, and FASB Statement No. 3” (“SFAS 154”). SFAS 154 requires retrospective application, unless impracticable, to prior periods’ financial statements for voluntary changes in accounting principles and changes required by an accounting pronouncement in the unusual circumstances in which the pronouncement does not include specific transition provisions. The statement also requires that a change in depreciation, amortization or depletion method for long-lived, non-financial assets should be accounted for as a change in accounting estimate effected by a change in accounting principle (i.e., as a retrospective application). The guidance for reporting the correction of an error in previously issued financial statements and the change of an accounting estimate does not change from APB 20. SFAS 154 was effective for the Company as of January 1, 2006. The adoption of SFAS 154 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Hybrids
In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments” (“SFAS 155”), which amended SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” as amended (“SFAS 133”) and SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities” (“SFAS 140”). Under SFAS 155, hybrid financial instruments that contain embedded derivatives that would otherwise require bifurcation may be accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The fair value designation may be applied on an instrument-by-instrument basis; however, the election to apply fair value accounting is irrevocable. SFAS 155 will be effective for those instruments acquired or issued on or after an entity’s fiscal year beginning after September 15, 2006, but early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of a fiscal year for which an entity has not previously issued interim financial statements. SFAS 155 allows limited retrospective application for existing bifurcated hybrid financial instruments. The Company elected to early adopt SFAS 155 as of January 1, 2006. The adoption of SFAS 155 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Servicing
In March 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 156, “Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets - an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 140” (“SFAS 156”), which amended SFAS 140. SFAS 156 requires that all separately recognized servicing rights after the effective date be initially measured at fair value, and permits separately recognized servicing rights to be accounted for at fair value in subsequent periods, with changes in fair value recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. SFAS 156 permits an irrevocable election to apply fair value accounting for classes of servicing rights based on the different valuation and risk characteristics of the underlying assets and the way the economic risks are managed. SFAS 156 will be effective on a prospective basis for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2006; however, early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of a fiscal year for which an entity has not previously issued interim financial statements. SFAS 156 also allows limited retrospective application for existing separately recognized servicing rights. The Company elected to early adopt SFAS 156 as of January 1, 2006. The adoption of SFAS 156 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Insurance
In March 2006, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. FTB 85-4-1, “Accounting for Life Settlement Contracts by Third Party Investors” (“FSP FTB 85-4-1”). FSP FTB 85-4-1 provides a contract-by-contract election to account for life settlement contracts on either a fair value basis, with changes in fair value recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, or through use of the investment method. Under the investment method, the initial investment and continuing costs are capitalized; however, no income is recognized until death of the insured party. The guidance of FSP FTB 85-4-1 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2006 and will permit early adoption; however, upon adoption, limited retrospective application of the measurement guidance is required. The Company elected to early adopt FSP FTB 85-4-1 as of January 1, 2006. The adoption of FSP FTB 85-4-1 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
STANDARDS TO BE ADOPTED IN FUTURE PERIODS
FSP FIN 46(R)-6
In April 2006, the FASB issued FSP No. FIN 46(R)-6, “Determining the Variability to Be Considered in Applying FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)” (“FSP FIN 46(R)-6”). FSP FIN 46(R)-6 provides guidance regarding how contracts or arrangements that create or reduce variability should be considered when determining whether entities qualify as variable interest entities (“VIEs”) and when assessing the need for consolidation of VIEs. FSP FIN 46(R)-6 requires that evaluations of the variability created or absorbed in an entity from its contracts or arrangements be based on an analysis of the entity’s design. In evaluating the design of an entity, an analysis must be performed as to the potential risks to which the entity is exposed as well as the risks that the entity was designed to create and pass along to its interest holders based on the purpose for which the entity was formed. The guidance of FSP FIN 46(R)-6 must be applied on a prospective basis in reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2006, but need not be applied to existing entities unless a reconsideration event occurs. Given the prospective nature of the guidance, FSP FIN 46R-6 will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition as of the date of adoption; however, the future impact of FSP FIN 46(R)-6 will depend on the design of the particular VIEs with which the Company is and may become involved as well as the nature and extent of the Company’s involvement, and therefore the impact from this guidance in future periods cannot be reasonably estimated.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
FIN 48
In July 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 addresses the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes by prescribing a consistent recognition threshold and measurement attribute for tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides guidance on the derecognition, classification and disclosure of tax positions.
FIN 48 requires a two-step process in evaluating tax positions. In the first step, an enterprise determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are then measured to determine the amount of benefit eligible for recognition in the financial statements. Each tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement.
The provisions of FIN 48 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting FIN 48.
CSG, through CS Holdings, owns all of the Company’s outstanding voting common stock. The Company is involved in significant financing and other transactions, and has significant related party balances, with CSG affiliates, primarily Credit Suisse, and certain of its subsidiaries and affiliates. The Company generally enters into these transactions in the ordinary course of business and believes that these transactions are generally on market terms that could be obtained from unrelated third parties.
The following table sets forth the Company’s related party assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005:
| | June 30, 2006 | | December 31, 2005 | |
ASSETS | | (In millions) | |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell | | $ | 4,732 | | $ | 5,163 | |
Securities borrowed | | | 5,802 | | | 4,323 | |
Receivables from brokers, dealers and other | | | 4,443 | | | 2,247 | |
Derivatives contracts | | | 2,032 | | | 842 | |
Net deferred tax asset | | | 927 | | | 1,202 | |
Loans receivable from parent and affiliates | | | 29,918 | | | 25,225 | |
Total assets | | $ | 47,854 | | $ | 39,002 | |
LIABILITIES | | | | | | | |
Short-term borrowings | | $ | 15,712 | | $ | 12,093 | |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | | 27,319 | | | 25,634 | |
Securities loaned | | | 38,103 | | | 33,976 | |
Payables to customers | | | 3,444 | | | 2,853 | |
Payables to brokers, dealers and other | | | 3,557 | | | 2,036 | |
Derivatives contracts | | | 2,107 | | | 489 | |
Obligation to return securities received as collateral | | | 2,554 | | | 1,242 | |
Taxes payable (included in Other liabilities) | | | 355 | | | 350 | |
Intercompany payables (included in Other liabilities) | | | 866 | | | 626 | |
Total liabilities | | $ | 94,017 | | $ | 79,299 | |
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
2. Related Party Transactions (Continued)
Included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations are revenues and expenses resulting from various securities trading and financing activities with certain affiliates, as well as fees for administrative services performed by the Company under the terms of various agreements. The Company earns commission revenues and incurs commission expenses during the normal course of business for securities transactions conducted with affiliates. Other operating expenses include affiliate service fees that are treated as a reduction in other operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. These fees include compensation and benefits expense relating to business activities conducted by Company employees on behalf of CSG affiliates outside the Company.
The following table sets forth the Company’s related party revenues and expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005:
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | | | (In millions) | | | |
Principal transactions-net (derivatives contracts) | | $ | 800 | | $ | (368 | ) | $ | 1,052 | | $ | (58 | ) |
Commissions and fees | | | (21 | ) | | (13 | ) | | (43 | ) | | (20 | ) |
Interest and dividend revenues | | | 579 | | | 196 | | | 1,037 | | | 498 | |
Interest expense | | | (947 | ) | | (459 | ) | | (1,700 | ) | | (957 | ) |
Total net revenues | | $ | 411 | | $ | (644 | ) | $ | 346 | | $ | (537 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other operating expenses (credits) | | $ | (57 | ) | $ | (69 | ) | $ | (108 | ) | $ | (153 | ) |
Total expenses | | $ | (57 | ) | $ | (69 | ) | $ | (108 | ) | $ | (153 | ) |
From time to time, the Company sells at cost to CS Holdings the right, title and interest in certain assets. Once the assets are sold, the Company continues to service these assets on behalf of CS Holdings. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, the value of the assets sold, net of collections applied, was not material.
The Company manages certain private equity funds of funds, hedge funds of funds and VIEs that issue collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”) of CS Alternative Capital, Inc., an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of CS Holdings. As of June 30, 2006, the aggregate assets under management in these funds and VIEs were approximately $21.4 billion. CS Alternative Capital, Inc. reimburses the Company for all expenses incurred by the Company in connection with managing these assets. The Company treats these reimbursements as a reduction in other operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The Credit Suisse Group International Share Plan provides for the grant of equity-based awards to Company employees based on CSG shares pursuant to which employees of the Company may be granted, as compensation, shares or other equity-based awards as compensation for services performed. CS Holdings purchases shares from CSG to satisfy these awards, but CS Holdings does not require reimbursement from the Company; therefore, amounts associated with these awards are considered a capital contribution to the Company and credited to paid-in-capital. Amounts contributed by CS Holdings relating to compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 were $302 million and $75 million, including tax effects, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 were $616 million and $193 million, including tax effects, respectively. See Note 1 for further information on the Company’s share-based compensation.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
2. Related Party Transactions (Continued)
Certain of the Company’s directors, officers and employees and those of its affiliates and their subsidiaries maintain margin accounts with the Company’s principal broker-dealer subsidiary, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC (“CS Securities”) and other affiliated broker-dealers in the ordinary course of business. In addition, certain of such directors, officers and employees have investments or commitments to invest in various private equity funds. The Company makes loans to directors and executive officers on the same terms as are generally available to third parties or otherwise pursuant to widely available employee benefit plans. CS Securities and other affiliated broker-dealers, from time to time and in the ordinary course of business, enter into, as principal, transactions involving the purchase or sale of securities from or to such directors, officers and employees and members of their immediate families.
The Company issues guarantees to customers with respect to certain obligations of its affiliates in the ordinary course of business, including, but not limited to, certain derivatives transactions. Failure to perform by an affiliate would require the Company to perform under the guarantee. See Note 8 for more information.
The Company is included in the consolidated federal income tax return and certain state and local income tax returns filed by CS Holdings.
As part of the Company’s financing and securities settlement activities, the Company uses securities as collateral to support various secured financing sources. If the counterparty does not meet its contractual obligation to return securities used as collateral, the Company may be exposed to the risk of reacquiring the securities at prevailing market prices to satisfy its obligations. The Company controls this risk by monitoring the market value of financial instruments pledged each day and by requiring collateral levels to be adjusted in the event of excess market exposure.
As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the fair value of assets that the Company pledged to counterparties was $235.0 billion and $212.5 billion, respectively, of which $94.5 billion and $73.0 billion, respectively, was included in financial instruments owned in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
The Company has also received similar assets as collateral that the Company has the right to re-pledge or sell. The Company routinely re-pledges or sells these assets to third parties. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the fair value of the assets pledged to the Company was $207.2 billion and $184.6 billion, respectively, of which $203.7 billion and $178.1 billion, respectively, was re-pledged or sold.
Securitization Activities
The Company originates and purchases residential mortgages and originates commercial loans for the purpose of securitization. The Company sells these mortgage loans to qualified special purpose entities (“QSPEs”). The QSPEs issue securities that are backed by the assets transferred to the QSPEs and pay a return based on the returns on those assets. Investors in these mortgage-backed securities typically have recourse to the assets in the QSPE. The investors and the QSPEs have no recourse to the Company’s assets. CS Securities is an underwriter of, and makes a market in, these securities.
As of June 30, 2006, the Company held encumbered mortgage loans totaling $4.7 billion related to securitization transactions that did not qualify for sale accounting treatment under paragraph 40b of SFAS 140. Prior to securitization, such encumbered loans were accounted for in financial instruments owned; however, due to the transfer of legal title in the form of a pledge in the securitization, these loans have been reclassified to Other assets and deferred amounts in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Cash amounts received in payment upon transfer for such loans are accounted for as secured borrowings and are recorded in Other liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
3. Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets (Continued)
The following table presents the proceeds and gains related to the securitization of commercial mortgage loans, residential mortgage loans and other asset-backed loans for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005. The gain on securitizations includes underwriting revenues, deferred origination fees and expenses, gains or losses on the sale of the collateral to the QSPE or VIE and gains or losses on the sale of the newly issued securities to third parties but excludes net interest revenues earned on assets prior to securitization.
| | Commercial mortgage loans(1) | | Residential mortgage loans(2) | | Other asset-backed loans(2)(3) | |
| | | | (In millions) | | | |
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from securitizations | | $ | 6,838 | | $ | 12,382 | | $ | 1,220 | |
Gain on securitizations | | $ | 157 | | $ | 15 | | $ | 16 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2005 | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from securitizations | | $ | 5,907 | | $ | 23,000 | | $ | 4,770 | |
Gain on securitizations | | $ | 210 | | $ | 19 | | $ | 27 | |
(1) | The gains or losses on the sale of the collateral to the QSPE is the difference between the carrying value on the day prior to the securitization date (the lower of amortized cost or fair value) and the selling price of the mortgage whole loans to the QSPE on the securitization pricing date. |
(2) | The gains or losses on the sale of the collateral to the QSPE is the difference between the fair value on the day prior to securitization pricing date and the selling price of the mortgage whole loans to the QSPE on the securitization pricing date. |
(3) | Includes home equity loans and other securities collateralized by residential mortgage loans. |
The Company may retain interests in these securitized assets in connection with its underwriting and market-making activities. The Company’s primary exposure in its securitization activities is limited to its retained interests. Retained interests in securitized financial assets are included at fair value in corporate debt in financial instruments owned in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Any changes in the fair value of these retained interests are recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The fair values of retained interests are determined using market quotes where available or the present value of estimated future cash flows valuation techniques that incorporate assumptions that marketplace participants customarily use in their estimates of values. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the fair value of the interests retained by the Company was $4.0 billion and $5.1 billion, respectively.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
3. Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets (Continued)
Key economic assumptions used at the date of securitization in measuring the fair value of the retained interests resulting from securitizations completed during the six months ended June 30, 2006 were as follows:
| | For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 | |
| | Commercial mortgage loans (1) | | Residential mortgage loans | | Other asset-backed loans | |
| | | | | | | |
Weighted-average life (in years) | | N/A | | 5.1 | | 8.9 | |
Prepayment rate (in rate per annum)(2) | | N/A | | 0.5%-50.0% | | 25.0% | |
Cash flow discount rate (in rate per annum)(3) | | N/A | | 0.1%-39.7% | | N/A | |
Expected credit losses (in rate per annum) | | N/A | | 0.0%-29.7% | | N/A | |
(1) | To deter prepayment, commercial mortgage loans typically have prepayment protection in the form of prepayment lockouts and yield maintenances. |
(2) | The Company utilizes the constant prepayment rate assumptions. |
(3) | The rate is based on the weighted average yield on the retained interest. |
The following table sets forth the fair value of retained interests from securitizations as of June 30, 2006, key economic assumptions used to determine the fair value and the sensitivity of the fair value to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions:
| | As of June 30, 2006 | |
| | Commercial mortgage loans (1) | | Residential mortgage loans | | Other asset-backed | |
| | | | (Dollars in millions) | | | |
Fair value of retained interests | | $ | 16 | | | 3,910 | | $ | 87 | |
Weighted-average life (in years) | | | N/A | | | 4.7 | | | 4.5 | |
Prepayment rate (in rate per annum)(2) | | | N/A | | | 0.1%-86.4 | % | | 25.0%-42.5 | % |
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change | | $ | ― | | $ | (21 | ) | $ | ― | |
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change | | $ | ― | | $ | (43 | ) | $ | ― | |
Cash flow discount rate (in rate per annum)(3) | | | N/A | | | 7.5 | % | | N/A | |
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change | | $ | ― | | $ | (61 | ) | $ | ― | |
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change | | $ | ― | | $ | (121 | ) | $ | ― | |
Expected credit losses (in rate per annum) | | | N/A | | | 0.6 | % | | N/A | |
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change | | $ | ― | | $ | (6 | ) | $ | ― | |
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change | | $ | ― | | $ | (12 | ) | $ | ― | |
(1) | To deter prepayment, commercial mortgage loans typically have prepayment protection in the form of prepayment lockouts and yield maintenances. |
(2) | The Company utilizes the constant prepayment rate assumptions. |
(3) | The rate is based on the weighted average yield on the retained interest. |
These sensitivities are hypothetical and do not reflect the benefits of hedging activities. Changes in fair value based on a 10% or 20% variation in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the retained interests is calculated without changing any other assumption. In practice, changes in one assumption may result in changes in other assumptions (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments and increased credit losses), which may magnify or counteract the sensitivities.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
3. Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets (Continued)
Variable Interest Entities
The Company has variable interests in several CDO VIEs. As described under “—Securitization Activities,” in the normal course of its business, the Company purchases loans and other debt obligations from and on behalf of clients primarily for the purpose of securitization. These assets are sold to and warehoused by affiliates and, at the end of a warehousing period, the assets are sold to CDO VIEs or QSPEs for securitization. The Company engages in these transactions to meet the needs of clients, to earn fees and to sell financial assets. The purpose of these CDO VIEs and QSPEs is to provide investors a return based on the underlying debt instruments of the CDO VIEs and QSPEs. In connection with its underwriting and market-making activities, the Company may retain interests in the CDO VIEs and QSPEs. The CDO entities may have actively managed (“open”) portfolios or static or unmanaged (“closed”) portfolios. The closed CDO transactions are typically structured to use QSPEs, which are not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements.
The Company has consolidated all CDO VIEs and other VIEs for which it is the primary beneficiary. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company recorded $1.0 billion and $673 million, respectively, representing the carrying amount of the consolidated assets of these CDO VIEs and other VIEs that are collateral for the VIE obligations. The beneficial interests of these consolidated CDO VIEs and other VIEs are payable solely from the cash flows of the related collateral, and the creditors of these CDO VIEs do not have recourse to the Company in the event of default.
The Company holds significant debt and equity interests in CDO VIEs that are not consolidated because the Company is not the primary beneficiary. The total assets in these CDO VIEs as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 were $5.5 billion and $5.4 billion, respectively. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss on significant debt and equity interests in CDO VIEs as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 was $161 million and $127 million, respectively, which was the amount carried at fair value in financial instruments owned.
In the normal course of its private equity activities, the Company is typically the general partner and investment adviser to private equity funds. Limited partners of these funds typically have recourse to the fund’s assets but have no recourse to the Company’s assets. The Company consolidates certain private equity funds that are managed by the Company. A portion of these private equity funds are not VIEs but are consolidated based on the Company’s control of the voting interest of the fund. See Note 1 for more information. The following table presents the impact on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition of the Company as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 as a result of consolidating certain private equity funds:
| | June 30, 2006 | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | (In millions) | |
Private equity and other long-term investments | | $ | 9,457 | | $ | 2,562 | |
All other assets, net | | | 520 | | 177 | |
Total assets | | $ | 9,977 | | $ | 2,739 | |
| | | | | | | |
Minority interests (included in other liabilities) | | $ | 9,413 | | $ | 2,549 | |
All other liabilities, net (excluding minority interests) | | | 564 | | | 190 | |
Total liabilities | | $ | 9,977 | | $ | 2,739 | |
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
3. Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets (Continued)
The following table presents the impact on the condensed consolidated statements of income of the Company for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 as a result of consolidating certain private equity funds:
| | | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, |
| | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | | (In millions) | |
Net revenues | | $ | 641 | | $ | 304 | | $ | 1,589 | | $ | 461 | |
Expenses | | | 8 | | | 1 | | | 13 | | | 3 | |
Minority interests | | $ | 633 | | $ | 303 | | $ | 1,576 | | $ | 458 | |
In May 2006, the Company completed its acquisition of Guilford Holding Corporation, a tax credit syndication firm based in Montgomery, Alabama. Guilford engages in the purchase, packaging and sale of tax credits to corporate investors. The Company has consolidated certain tax credit funds in which it is the general partner resulting in an increase in assets and liabilities of $321 million as of June 30, 2006. The consolidation of these tax credit funds did not have an impact on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
Private equity and other long-term investments include direct investments and investments in partnerships that make private equity and related investments in various portfolio companies and funds. The Company categorizes its private equity and other long-term investments into three categories: Credit Suisse-managed funds, which include consolidated funds, funds managed by third parties and direct investments. These investments generally have no readily available market or may be otherwise restricted as to resale under the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”); therefore, these investments are carried at management’s best estimate of fair value.
As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company had investments in private equity and other long-term investments of $10.6 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively, including $9.5 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively, in private equity investments the Company is required to consolidate. Changes in net unrealized appreciation/depreciation arising from changes in fair value and the gain or loss realized upon sale are reflected in principal transactions-net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. See Notes 1 and 3 for more information. The original cost of these investments, excluding the consolidated private equity investments, was $1.5 billion as of June 30, 2006 and $1.4 billion as of December 31, 2005. As of June 30, 2006 the Company had commitments to invest up to an additional $477 million in non-consolidated private equity funds and $1.1 billion in consolidated private equity funds. See Note 7 for more information.
The Company’s subsidiaries manage many private equity partnerships (the “Funds”). When the investment performance on Credit Suisse-managed Funds exceeds specific thresholds, the Company and certain other partners, most of which are current and former employees of the Company (collectively the “GPs”), may be entitled to receive a carried interest distribution under the governing documents of the Funds. Carried interest distributions are based on the cumulative investment performance of each Fund at the time the distribution is made. As a result, the Company may be obligated to return to investors in the Funds all or a portion of the carried interest distributed to the GPs. The amount of such contingent obligations is based upon the performance of the Funds but cannot exceed the amount of carried interest received by the GPs. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the maximum amount of such contingent obligations was $542 million and $620 million, respectively, assuming the Funds’ remaining investments were worthless. Assuming the Funds’ remaining investments were sold at their current carrying values as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the contingent obligations would have been $11 million and $18 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company withheld cash from prior distributions to the GPs and recorded corresponding liabilities of $131 million and $126 million, respectively, in connection with the Company’s guarantee to return prior carried interest distributions to third party investors in the Funds.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
4. Private Equity and Other Long-Term Investments (Continued)
In addition, pursuant to certain contractual arrangements, the Company is obligated to make cash payments to certain investors in certain Funds if specified performance thresholds are not met. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the maximum amount of such contingent obligations was $43 million and $45 million, respectively, assuming the Funds’ remaining investments were worthless. Assuming the Funds’ remaining investments were sold at their current carrying values as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, there would have been no contingent obligation.
The Company uses derivatives contracts for trading and hedging purposes and to provide products for clients. These derivatives include options, forwards, futures and swaps. For more information on the Company’s derivatives, see Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Quantitative Disclosures for All Derivatives
The fair values of all derivatives contracts outstanding as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 were as follows:
| | June 30, 2006 | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | Assets | | Liabilities | | Assets | | Liabilities | |
| | (In millions) | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Options | | $ | 1,101 | | $ | 1,142 | | $ | 1,167 | | $ | 728 | |
Forward contracts | | 3,306 | | 1,077 | | 3,049 | | 1,076 | |
Swaps | | 2,079 | | 2,173 | | 869 | | 458 | |
Total | | $ | 6,486 | | $ | 4,392 | | $ | 5,085 | | $ | 2,262 | |
These assets and liabilities are included as derivatives contracts in financial instruments owned and sold not yet purchased, respectively, in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Assets and liabilities related to futures contracts are included in receivables from brokers, dealers and other and payables to brokers, dealers and other, respectively, in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
Short-term borrowings are generally demand obligations with interest approximating the Federal Funds rate, the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or other money market indices. Such borrowings are generally used to facilitate the securities settlement process, finance financial instruments owned and finance securities purchased by customers on margin. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, there were no short-term borrowings secured by Company-owned securities.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
6. Borrowings (Continued)
The following table sets forth the Company’s short-term borrowings and their weighted average interest rates:
| | Short-term borrowings | | Weighted average interest rates | |
| | As of June 30, 2006 | | As of December 31, 2005 | | As of June 30, 2006 | | As of December 31, 2005 | |
| | (In millions) | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Bank loans, including loans from affiliates(1) | | $ | 16,487 | | $ | 12,356 | | | 5.67 | % | | 4.32 | % |
Commercial paper | | | 1,234 | | | 1,298 | | | 5.03 | % | | 4.19 | % |
Total short-term borrowings | | $ | 17,721 | | $ | 13,654 | | | | | | | |
(1) | Includes $15.7 billion and $12.1 billion in loans from affiliates as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively. |
The Company has a commercial paper program exempt from registration under the Securities Act that allows the Company to issue up to $5.0 billion in commercial paper. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, $1.2 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively, of commercial paper was outstanding under this program.
In February 2006, the Company filed with the SEC an automatic shelf registration statement that allows the Company to issue from time to time senior and subordinated debt securities, and warrants to purchase such securities.
In July 2001, the Company established a Euro medium-term note program, that allows the Company to issue up to $5.0 billion of notes. Under this program, the Company had, as of August 7, 2006 approximately $1.2 billion available for issuance.
The following table sets forth the Company’s long-term borrowings as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005:
| | June 30, 2006 | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | (In millions) | |
| | | | | |
Senior notes 3.9%-7.1%, due various dates through 2032 | | $ | 35,999 | | $ | 29,214 | |
Medium-term notes 3.4%-8.8%, due various dates through 2032 | | 2,869 | | 4,223 | |
Structured borrowings 4.9%-16.1%, due various dates through 2015 | | 610 | | 489 | |
Total long-term borrowings | | $ | 39,478 | | $ | 33,926 | |
Current maturities of long-term borrowings | | $ | 5,012 | | $ | 3,692 | |
As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, long-term borrowings included downward fair value adjustments of approximately $605 million and upward fair value adjustments of approximately $52 million, respectively, associated with fair value hedges under SFAS 133. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company had entered into interest rate swaps, with a notional amount of $25.6 billion and $23.6 billion, respectively, on the Company’s long-term borrowings for hedging purposes. Substantially all of these swaps were designated as qualifying fair value hedges under SFAS 133. See Note 5 for more information.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
6. Borrowings (Continued)
The following table sets forth scheduled maturities of all long-term borrowings as of June 30, 2006:
| | Twelve Months Ended June 30, | |
| | (In millions) | |
2007 | | $ | 5,012 | |
2008 | | | 6,256 | |
2009 | | | 7,881 | |
2010 | | | 1,468 | |
2011 | | | 4,218 | |
2012-2032 | | | 14,643 | |
Total | | $ | 39,478 | |
The following table sets forth scheduled maturities of the current portion of long-term borrowings as of June 30, 2006:
| | Three Months Ended | |
| | (In millions) | |
September 30, 2006 | | $ | 2,244 | |
December 31, 2006 | | | ― | |
March 31, 2007 | | | 369 | |
June 30, 2007 | | | 2,399 | |
Total | | $ | 5,012 | |
As of June 30, 2006, CS Securities maintained with third parties five 364-day committed secured revolving credit facilities totaling $2.2 billion, with one facility for $200 million maturing in August 2006, one facility for $500 million maturing in November 2006, one facility for $500 million maturing in February 2007, one facility for $500 million maturing in March 2007 and one facility for $500 million maturing in July 2007. The Company expects to renew these facilities as they mature. These facilities require CS Securities to pledge unencumbered marketable securities to secure any borrowings. Borrowings under each facility would bear interest at short-term rates related to either the Federal Funds rate or LIBOR and can be used for general corporate purposes. The facilities contain customary covenants that the Company believes will not impair its ability to obtain funding. As of June 30, 2006, no borrowings were outstanding under any of the facilities.
2006 Financings
During the six months ended June 30, 2006, the Company issued $7.5 billion of senior notes, $82 million in medium-term notes and $79 million in structured notes and repaid approximately $1.5 billion of medium-term notes and $17 million of structured notes.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
7. Leases and Commitments
The following table sets forth the Company’s minimum operating lease commitments as of June 30, 2006:
| | Twelve Months Ending June 30, | |
| | (In millions) | |
2007 | | $ | 155 | |
2008 | | | 148 | |
2009 | | | 144 | |
2010 | | | 140 | |
2011 | | | 135 | |
2012-2025 | | | 933 | |
Total(1) | | $ | 1,655 | |
(1) | Excludes sublease revenue of $294 million and executory costs such as insurance, maintenance and taxes of $536 million. |
The following table sets forth the Company’s commitments, including the current portion, as of June 30, 2006:
| | Commitment Expiration Per Period | |
| | Less than 1 year | | 1-3 years | | 4-5 years | | Over 5 years | | Total commitments | |
| | (In millions) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Standby resale agreements(1) | | $ | 50 | | $ | 100 | | $ | ― | | $ | ― | | $ | 150 | |
Private equity(2) | | 19 | | 37 | | 21 | | 400 | | 477 | |
Forward agreements(3) | | 5,094 | | ― | | ― | | ― | | 5,094 | |
Unfunded lending commitments(4) | | | 711 | | | 190 | | | 125 | | | 360 | | | 1,386 | |
Unfunded warehousing commitments(5) | | | 1,081 | | | ― | | | ― | | | ― | | | 1,081 | |
Total commitments | | $ | 6,955 | | $ | 327 | | $ | 146 | | $ | 760 | | $ | 8,188 | |
(1) | In the ordinary course of business, the Company maintains certain standby resale agreement facilities that commit the Company to enter into securities purchased under agreements to resell with customers at current market rates. |
(2) | As of June 30, 2006, the Company also had commitments to invest up to an additional $1.1 billion in consolidated private equity funds. |
(3) | Represents commitments to enter into securities purchased under agreements to resell and agreements to borrow securities. |
(4) | The Company enters into commitments to extend credit in connection with certain premium finance, leveraged finance and other activities. |
(5) | The Company enters into commitments to warehouse commercial mortgage whole loans. |
Excluded from the table above are certain commitments to originate and purchase mortgage whole loans that qualify as derivatives. These commitments are reflected in derivatives contracts in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. For more information on the Company’s derivatives contracts, see Note 5.
As of June 30, 2006, the Company used $332 million in outstanding standby letters of credit to satisfy counterparty collateral requirements.
The Company had no material capital lease obligations as of June 30, 2006. For information about certain of the Company’s additional commitments, see Notes 4 and 8.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into guarantee contracts as guarantor. FIN No. 45, “Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others” (“FIN 45”), requires disclosure by a guarantor of its maximum potential payment obligations under certain of its guarantees to the extent that it is possible to estimate them. FIN 45 also requires a guarantor to recognize, at the inception of a guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the obligations undertaken in issuing such guarantee, including its ongoing obligation to stand ready to perform over the term of the guarantee in the event that certain events or conditions occur. With certain exceptions, these liability recognition requirements apply to any guarantees entered into or modified after December 31, 2002.
The guarantees covered by FIN 45 may require the Company to make payments to the guaranteed party based on changes related to an asset, a liability or an equity security of the guaranteed party. The Company may also be contingently required to make payments to the guaranteed party based on another entity’s failure to perform under an agreement, or the Company may have an indirect guarantee of the indebtedness of others, even though the payment to the guaranteed party may not be based on changes related to an asset, liability or equity security of the guaranteed party.
In addition, FIN 45 covers certain indemnification agreements that contingently require the Company to make payments to the indemnified party based on changes related to an asset, liability or equity security of the indemnified party, such as an adverse judgment in a lawsuit or the imposition of additional taxes due to either a change in the tax law or an adverse interpretation of the tax law.
The following table sets forth the maximum quantifiable contingent liabilities and carrying amounts associated with guarantees covered by FIN 45 as of June 30, 2006 by maturity.
| | Amount of Guarantee Expiration Per Period | | |
| | Less than 1 year | | 1-3 years | | 4-5 years | | Over 5 years | | Total guarantees | | Carrying amounts | |
| | (In millions) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit guarantees | | $ | 3 | | $ | 25 | | $ | 48 | | $ | 433 | | $ | 509 | | $ | 14 | |
Performance guarantees | | 63 | | 456 | | ― | | ― | | 519 | | 8 | |
Derivatives | | 2,619 | | 3,414 | | 4,008 | | 7,303 | | 17,344 | | 451 | |
Related party guarantees | | ― | | 6 | | ― | | 1 | | 7 | | ― | |
Total guarantees | | $ | 2,685 | | $ | 3,901 | | $ | 4,056 | | $ | 7,737 | | $ | 18,379 | | $ | 473 | |
For more information on the Company’s guarantees, including guarantees for which the maximum contingent liability cannot be quantified, see Note 10 of the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
The Company’s principal wholly owned subsidiary, CS Securities, is a registered broker-dealer, registered futures commission merchant and member firm of the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Accordingly, the Company is subject to the minimum net capital requirements of the SEC and the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”). Under the alternative method permitted by Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), the required net capital may not be less than the greater of 2% of aggregate debit balances arising from customer transactions or 4% of the funds required to be segregated pursuant to the Commodity Exchange Act less the market value of certain commodity options, all as defined. Under CFTC Regulation 1.17, the required minimum net capital requirement is 8% of the total risk margin requirement (as defined) for all positions carried in customer accounts plus 4% of the total risk margin requirement (as defined) for all positions carried in non-customer accounts. As of June 30, 2006, CS Securities’ net capital of approximately $5.2 billion was 77.3% of aggregate debit balances and in excess of the CFTC’s minimum requirement by approximately $5.0 billion.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
9. Net Capital Requirements (Continued)
The Company’s over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives dealer subsidiary, Credit Suisse Capital LLC (“CS Capital”) is also subject to the uniform net capital rule, but computes its net capital based on value at risk under Appendix F of Rule 15c3-1 under the Exchange Act. As of June 30, 2006, CS Capital’s net capital of $525 million, after allowing for market and credit risk exposure of $61 million and $143 million, respectively, was in excess of the minimum net capital requirement by $505 million. CS Capital is in compliance with the exemptive provisions of Rule 15c3-3 under the Exchange Act because the Company does not carry securities accounts for customers or perform custodial functions relating to customer securities.
As of June 30, 2006, the Company and its subsidiaries complied with all applicable regulatory capital adequacy requirements.
In compliance with the Commodity Exchange Act, CS Securities segregates funds deposited by customers and funds accruing to customers as a result of trades or contracts. As of both June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, cash and securities aggregating $2.7 billion were segregated or secured by CS Securities in separate accounts exclusively for the benefit of customers.
In accordance with the SEC’s no-action letter dated November 3, 1998, CS Securities computed a reserve requirement for the proprietary accounts of introducing broker-dealers. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, CS Securities segregated U.S. Treasury securities aggregating $6.9 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively, on behalf of introducing broker-dealers.
In addition, CS Securities segregated U.S. Treasury securities with a market value of $5.5 billion and $3.3 billion as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, in a special reserve bank account exclusively for the benefit of customers as required by Rule 15c3-3 of the Exchange Act.
11. Employee Benefit Plans
The Company provides retirement and postretirement benefits to its U.S. and certain non-U.S. employees through participation in defined benefit pension plans, a defined contribution savings and retirement plan and other post-retirement plans. The Company’s measurement date is September 30 for its pension and other plans. For more information on the Company’s employee benefit plans, see Note 16 of the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
11. Employee Benefit Plans (Continued)
The following table presents the pension expense by component for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans and other post-retirement plans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005:
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 | |
| | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | | | | | (In millions) | | | |
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Service cost | | $ | 6 | | $ | 7 | | $ | 13 | | $ | 13 | |
Interest cost | | | 13 | | | 11 | | 25 | | 22 | |
Expected return on plan assets | | | (13 | ) | | (14 | ) | (26 | ) | (28 | ) |
Amortization of loss | | | 11 | | | 5 | | 21 | | 10 | |
Net periodic benefit cost | | $ | 17 | | $ | 9 | | $ | 33 | | $ | 17 | |
The Company did not make payments to the qualified pension plan during the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and does not expect to make any payments during the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2006. The Company made payments of $4 million to the supplemental plan and the other post-retirement plans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and expects to pay a total of $4 million during the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2006.
The Company has provided reserves for litigation, claims and proceedings involving the Company in accordance with SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies.” The Company recorded in the second quarter of 2005 a $750 million litigation charge to increase the reserve for private litigation involving Enron, certain initial public offering allocation practices, research analyst independence and other related litigation. This charge, coupled with the charge recorded in 2002, brings the Company’s reserves for these private litigation matters to $1.0 billion after the application of settlements entered into through June 30, 2006.
The Company is involved in a number of judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of its businesses. The Company believes, based on currently available information and advice of counsel, that the results of such proceedings, in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition but might be material to operating results for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period. The Company intends to defend itself vigorously in these matters, litigating or settling when determined by management to be in the best interests of the Company.
It is inherently difficult to predict the outcome of many of these matters. In presenting the condensed consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates regarding the outcome of these matters and records a reserve and takes a charge to income when losses with respect to such matters are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and currently available information and involve a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the type and nature of the litigation, claim or proceeding, the progress of the matter, the advice of legal counsel, the Company’s defenses and its experience in similar cases or proceedings as well as its assessment of matters, including settlements, involving other defendants in similar or related cases or proceedings. Further litigation charges or releases of litigation reserves may be necessary in the future as developments in such cases or proceedings warrant.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
The Company operates and manages its businesses through three operating segments: the Investment Banking segment, consisting primarily of investment banking, trading and certain separately managed private equity and distressed assets; the Asset Management segment, consisting primarily of the private equity business; and Private Banking, consisting of the private client services business in the United States. For additional information, see Note 1.
The Company’s segments are managed based on types of products and services offered and their related client bases. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments based primarily on income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle but excluding minority interests. Minority interest-related revenues and expenses resulting from the consolidation of certain private equity funds are reported in Elimination & Other. Net income is unaffected by the consolidation of these private equity funds because offsetting minority interests are also recorded.
The Investment Banking segment consists of:
| · | investment banking, which serves a broad range of users and suppliers of capital and provides financial advisory and securities underwriting and placement services; and |
| · | trading, which trades and distributes equity and equity-related products, including listed and OTC derivatives, fixed income financial instruments and derivatives and risk management products, and engages in securities lending and borrowing. |
The Investment Banking segment also includes the results from certain separately managed private equity and distressed assets.
The Asset Management segment consists primarily of the private equity business. The private equity business makes privately negotiated investments and acts as an investment advisor for private equity funds.
The Private Banking segment consists of the private client services business in the United States. Private client services is a financial advisory business serving high-net-worth individuals and corporate investors with a wide range of Credit Suisse and third-party investment management products and services.
The Company allocates to its segments a pro rata share of certain centrally managed costs. Leased facilities and equipment costs, employee benefits and certain general overhead expenses are allocated based upon specified amounts, usage criteria or agreed rates. Interest expense is allocated based upon the particular type of asset. The allocation of some costs, such as incentive bonuses, has been estimated. The timing and magnitude of changes in the Company’s incentive bonus accrual can have a significant effect on the Company’s operating results for a given period. Any revenues and expenses not allocated to the Company’s segments appear in Elimination & Other in the table below. For additional information, see Note 1.
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
13. Industry Segment and Geographic Data (Continued)
The following table sets forth selected financial information for the Company’s segments.
| | Investment | | Asset | | Private | | Elimination | | | |
| | Banking | | Management | | Banking | | & Other(1) | | Total | |
| | | | | | (In millions) | | | | | |
For the three months ended June 30, 2006: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues excluding net interest | | $ | 1,456 | | $ | 70 | | $ | 67 | | $ | 619 | | $ | 2,212 | |
Net interest and dividends revenue | | | 250 | | | 1 | | | (2 | ) | | (1 | ) | | 248 | |
Total net revenues(2) | | | 1,706 | | | 71 | | | 65 | | | 618 | | | 2,460 | |
Total expenses | | | 956 | | | 51 | | | 81 | | | 8 | | | 1,096 | |
(Loss) income(3) | | | 750 | | | 20 | | | (16 | ) | | 610 | | | 1,364 | |
Minority interests | | | ― | | | ― | | | ― | | | 633 | | | 633 | |
Income (loss) after minority interests(4) | | $ | 750 | | $ | 20 | | $ | (16 | ) | $ | (23 | ) | $ | 731 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
For the three months ended June 30, 2005: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues excluding net interest | | $ | 372 | | $ | 188 | | $ | 53 | | $ | 305 | | $ | 918 | |
Net interest and dividends revenue | | | 510 | | | (1 | ) | | 1 | | | (1 | ) | | 509 | |
Total net revenues(2) | | | 882 | | | 187 | | | 54 | | | 304 | | | 1,427 | |
Total expenses | | | 1,653 | | | 88 | | | 65 | | | 1 | | | 1,807 | |
Income (loss)(3) | | | (771 | ) | | 99 | | | (11 | ) | | 303 | | | (380 | ) |
Minority interests | | | ― | | | ― | | | ― | | | 303 | | | 303 | |
(Loss) income after minority interests(4) | | $ | (771 | ) | $ | 99 | | $ | (11 | ) | $ | ― | | $ | (683 | ) |
| | Investment Banking | | Asset Management | | Private Banking | | Elimination & Other | | Total | |
| | | | | | (In millions) | | | | | |
For the six months ended June 30, 2006: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues excluding net interest | | $ | 3,008 | | $ | 161 | | $ | 132 | | $ | 1,547 | | $ | 4,848 | |
Net interest and dividends revenue | | | 536 | | | 1 | | | ― | | | 5 | | | 542 | |
Total net revenues(2) | | | 3,544 | | | 162 | | | 132 | | | 1,552 | | | 5,390 | |
Total expenses | | | 2,348 | | | 112 | | | 156 | | | 13 | | | 2,629 | |
Income (loss)(3) | | | 1,196 | | | 50 | | | (24 | ) | | 1,539 | | | 2,761 | |
Minority interests | | | ― | | | ― | | | ― | | | 1,576 | | | 1,576 | |
Income (loss) after minority interests(4) | | $ | 1,196 | | $ | 50 | | $ | (24 | ) | $ | (37 | ) | $ | 1,185 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
For the six months ended June 30, 2005: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues excluding net interest | | $ | 1,101 | | $ | 308 | | $ | 110 | | $ | 455 | | $ | 1,974 | |
Net interest and dividends revenue | | | 1,079 | | | (1 | ) | | 2 | | | 6 | | | 1,086 | |
Total net revenues(2) | | | 2,180 | | | 307 | | | 112 | | | 461 | | | 3,060 | |
Total expenses | | | 2,779 | | | 139 | | | 128 | | | 3 | | | 3,049 | |
Income (loss)(3) | | | (599 | ) | | 168 | | | (16 | ) | | 458 | | | 11 | |
Minority interests | | | ― | | | ― | | | ― | | | 458 | | | 458 | |
(Loss) income after minority interests(4) | | $ | (599 | ) | $ | 168 | | $ | (16 | ) | $ | ― | | $ | (447 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment assets as of June 30, 2006 | | $ | 332,737 | | $ | 1,718 | | $ | 287 | | $ | 9,977 | | $ | 344,719 | |
Segment assets as of December 31, 2005 | | $ | 293,278 | | $ | 1,512 | | $ | 225 | | $ | 2,739 | | $ | 297,754 | |
(1) | Related primarily to the Company’s consolidation of certain private equity funds. See Notes 1 and 3 for more information. Also includes a limited amount of treasury costs not allocated to the Company’s segments. |
(2) | Interest income and expense is accrued at the stated coupon rate for coupon-bearing financial instruments, and for non-coupon-bearing financial instruments, interest income is recognized by accreting the discount over the life of the instrument. For coupon-bearing financial instruments purchased at a discount or premium, the difference between interest income and expense accrued at the stated coupon rate and interest income and expense determined on an effective yield basis, which could be significant, is included in principal transactions-net instead of interest and dividends, net, in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and in net revenues excluding net interest. |
CREDIT SUISSE (USA), INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
June 30, 2006
13. Industry Segment and Geographic Data (Continued)
(3) | Income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes, minority interests and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle. |
(4) | Income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle. |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholder
Credit Suisse (USA), Inc.
We have reviewed the condensed consolidated statement of financial condition of Credit Suisse (USA), Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2006, the related condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, and the related condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholder’s equity and cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2006 and 2005. These condensed consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.
We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the condensed consolidated financial statements referred to above for them to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated statement of financial condition of Credit Suisse (USA), Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2005, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholder’s equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated March 20, 2006, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of financial condition as of December 31, 2005 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated statement of financial condition from which it has been derived.
/s/ KPMG LLP
New York, New York
August 8, 2006
Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
We serve institutional, corporate, government and high-net-worth individual clients. Our businesses include securities underwriting, sales and trading, financial advisory services, private equity investments, full-service brokerage services, derivatives and risk management products, asset management and investment research. We are part of three segments, Investment Banking, Asset Management and Private Banking, of Credit Suisse Group, or CSG, and our results do not reflect the overall performance of these segments or CSG.
When we use the terms “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company,” we mean Credit Suisse (USA), Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries.
The Company’s principal operations are located in the United States. The Company’s foreign revenues are not significant.
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Our principal business activities, investment banking, securities underwriting and sales, trading and asset management are, by their nature, highly competitive and subject to general market conditions that include volatile trading markets, fluctuations in the volume of new issues, mergers and acquisitions activities and the value of financial instruments. Consequently, our results have been, and are likely to continue to be, subject to wide fluctuations reflecting the impact of many factors beyond our control, including securities market conditions, the level and volatility of interest rates and credit spreads, competitive conditions, the size and timing of transactions and the geopolitical environment.
The U.S. economy experienced solid growth during the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as gross domestic product growth was strong and unemployment rates declined. The Federal Reserve Board continued to raise short-term interest rates at a measured pace and remained concerned about inflation.
The major U.S. stock market indices were mixed for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, reflecting concerns over inflation, high energy prices and rising interest rates. For the three months ended June 30, 2006, the Dow Jones Industrial Average increased less than 1% while the Standard & Poor’s 500 stock index and the NASDAQ composite index decreased 2% and 7%, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2006, the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the Standard & Poor’s 500 stock index increased 4% and 2%, respectively, while the NASDAQ composite index decreased 2%.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, short-term interest rates continued to rise. The federal funds rate was 5.25% as of June 30, 2006 compared to 4.75% as of March 31, 2006 and 4.25% as of December 31, 2005 as the Federal Reserve Board increased the federal funds rate twice during the three months ended June 30, 2006 and four times during the six months ended June 30, 2006. The yield on 10-year U.S. Treasury notes increased from 4.39% as of December 31, 2005 and 4.86% as of March 31, 2006 to 5.15% as of June 30, 2006.
The dollar value of U.S. equity and equity-related underwriting increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, reflecting increases in convertible securities issuances, secondary common stock issuances and initial public offerings. The new equity issue market became more difficult toward the end of the second quarter of 2006 amid turbulence in the global equity markets. The dollar value of U.S. debt underwriting increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, primarily as a result of an increase in investment grade, mortgage-backed and non-investment grade securities underwritings. Mergers and acquisitions activity was robust as the dollar value of both announced and completed U.S. mergers and acquisitions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 increased compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2005.
MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW
During the first half of 2006, the Company operated in a climate of solid economic growth, rising interest rates and mixed results for fixed income and equity markets in the United States. The Company recorded net income of $484 million in the second quarter of 2006 compared to a net loss of $439 million in the second quarter of 2005, and net income of $801 million in the first half of 2006 compared to a net loss of $263 million in the first half of 2005. Our results in the second quarter and the first half of 2006 reflected an increase in revenues and a decrease in expenses.
The Company’s total net revenues for the second quarter of 2006 increased by $1.0 billion, or 72%, compared to the second quarter of 2005. Net revenues for the second quarter of 2006 include $641 million from the consolidation of certain private equity funds and other entities, compared to $304 million in the second quarter of 2005. Net income was unaffected by this consolidation as we recorded offsetting minority interests and related operating expenses. The increase in net revenues reflected higher revenues across all of our Investment Banking businesses, including fixed income and equity trading, underwriting and advisory and other fees. In particular, our structured products and interest rate products trading businesses performed well, and our convertibles trading business improved in the second quarter of 2006 compared to the second quarter of 2005. Net revenues for the second quarter of 2006 also include underwriting revenues from certain syndicated loan activities that were conducted by a branch of Credit Suisse outside of our consolidated group during 2005. These increases were offset in part by lower private equity investment-related gains.
Our total expenses for the second quarter of 2006 decreased by $711 million, or 39%, compared to the second quarter of 2005. Total expenses for the second quarter of 2006 included insurance settlements for litigation and related costs totaling $390 million, which reduced other operating expenses. Total expenses for the second quarter of 2005 included a $750 million charge to increase the reserve for certain private litigation. Excluding the insurance settlements and the litigation charge, expenses increased $429 million, or 41%, primarily due to higher employee compensation and benefits expenses.
The Company’s total net revenues for the first half of 2006 increased by $2.3 billion, or 76%, compared to the first half of 2005. Net revenues for the first half of 2006 include $1.6 billion from the consolidation of certain private equity funds and other entities, compared to $461 million in the first half of 2005. Net income was unaffected by this consolidation as we recorded offsetting minority interests and related operating expenses. The increase in net revenues reflected higher revenues across all of our Investment Banking businesses, including fixed income and equity trading, underwriting and advisory and other fees. Our interest rate products and equity proprietary trading businesses and our mergers and acquisitions advisory business performed particularly well, and our convertible trading business improved in the first half of 2006 compared to the first half of 2005. Net revenues for the first half of 2006 also include underwriting revenues from certain syndicated loan activities that were conducted by a branch of Credit Suisse outside of our consolidated group during 2005. These increases were offset in part by lower private equity investment-related gains.
Our total expenses for the first half of 2006 decreased by $420 million, or 14%, compared to the first half of 2005. Total expenses for the first half of 2006 included insurance settlements for litigation and related costs totaling $390 million, which reduced other operating expenses. Total expenses for the first half of 2005 included a $750 million charge to increase the reserve for certain private litigation. Excluding the insurance settlements and the litigation charge, expenses increased $720 million, or 31%, primarily due to higher employee compensation and benefits expenses.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
In order to prepare the condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, we must make estimates and assumptions based on judgment and available information. The reported amounts of assets and liabilities and revenues and expenses are affected by these estimates and assumptions. Actual results could differ from these estimates, and the differences could be material.
Our significant accounting policies and a discussion of new accounting pronouncements are disclosed in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005. We believe that the critical accounting policies discussed below involve the most complex judgments. We believe that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable and consistently applied.
Fair Value
The fair value of the majority of our financial instruments is based on quoted market prices in active markets or observable market parameters, or is derived from such prices or parameters. These instruments include government and agency securities, commercial paper, most investment-grade corporate debt securities, most high-yield debt securities, exchange traded and certain over-the-counter, or OTC, derivative instruments, most collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs, most mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, certain residential mortgage whole loans and listed equities.
In addition, we hold financial instruments that are thinly traded or for which no market prices are available, and which have reduced or no price transparency. For these instruments the determination of fair value requires subjective assessment and varying degrees of judgment depending on liquidity, concentration, pricing assumptions and the risks affecting the specific instrument. In such circumstances, valuation is determined based on management’s best estimate of fair value. These instruments include certain investment-grade corporate debt securities, high-yield debt securities, distressed debt securities, certain mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, certain CDOs, certain residential mortgage whole loans, certain OTC derivatives, non-traded equity securities and private equity and other long-term investments. Valuation techniques for certain of these instruments are described more fully below.
Controls over the fair valuation process
Control processes are applied to ensure that the fair value of the financial instruments reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements, including those derived from pricing models, are appropriate and determined on a reliable basis. The Company determines fair value using observable market prices or market-based parameters whenever possible. In the absence of observable market prices or market-based parameters in an active market, observable prices or market-based parameters of comparable market transactions, or other observable data supporting an estimation of fair value using a valuation model at the inception of a contract, fair value is based on the transaction price. Control processes are designed to assure that the valuation approach utilized is appropriate and the assumptions are reasonable.
These control processes include the review and approval of new instruments, review of profit and loss, risk monitoring and review, price verification procedures and reviews of models used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments by senior management and personnel with relevant expertise who are independent of the trading and investment functions.
The Company also has agreements with certain counterparties to exchange collateral based on the fair value of derivatives contracts. Through this process, one or both parties provide the other party with the fair value of these derivatives contracts in order to determine the amount of collateral required. This exchange of information provides additional support for valuation of certain derivatives contracts. As a participant in the OTC derivatives market, the Company and other participants provide pricing information to aggregation services that compile this data and provide this information to subscribers. This information is considered in the determination of fair value for certain OTC derivatives.
For further discussion of the Company’s risk management policies and procedures, refer to “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Part I, Item 3.
Price transparency of financial instruments recorded at fair value
Financial instruments which are recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of financial condition at fair value have been categorized based upon the transparency of the pricing information available.
The categories of pricing transparency have been broadly segregated as follows:
| · | Quoted market prices or observable market parameters. These financial instruments are valued based upon directly observable market prices or through the use of valuation models and techniques for which the required parameters are directly observable. |
| · | Reduced or no observable market parameters. These financial instruments are priced by using management’s best estimate of fair value using valuation techniques that are based on significant judgment since observable, market-based data is generally not available. |
The following table sets forth a summary of the price transparency of the Company’s financial instruments that are carried at fair value as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005:
| | As of June 30, 2006 | | As of December 31, 2005 | |
| | Quoted market prices or observable market parameters | | Reduced or no observable market parameters | | Quoted market prices or observable market parameters | | Reduced or no observable market parameters | |
| | (In millions) | | (In millions) | |
Financial instruments owned | | | | | | | | | |
Cash products(1) | | $ | 113,040 | | $ | 2,672 | | $ | 101,211 | | $ | 3,394 | |
Derivatives(2) | | | 15,659 | | | 1,839 | | | 7,658 | | | 1,841 | |
Private equity and other long-term investments | | | 1,841 | | | 8,788 | | | 315 | | | 3,326 | |
Total | | $ | 130,540 | | $ | 13,299 | | $ | 109,184 | | $ | 8,561 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial instruments sold not yet purchased | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash products | | $ | 46,616 | | $ | ― | | $ | 36,304 | | $ | 27 | |
Derivatives(2) | | | 14,938 | | | 466 | | | 6,155 | | | 521 | |
Total | | $ | 61,554 | | $ | 466 | | $ | 42,459 | | $ | 548 | |
(1) | Excluded from the table above are $7,515 million and $5,835 million as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, in cash products which are carried at the lower of cost or fair value primarily consisting of commercial mortgage whole loans and originated residential mortgage whole loans. |
(2) | Based on gross mark-to-market valuations of the Company’s derivatives prior to netting of $11,012 million and $4,414 million as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, under Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Interpretation No. 39, “Offsetting of Amounts Related to Certain Contracts (An Interpretation of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 10 and FASB Statement No. 105).” |
Financial Instruments
Cash products
The Company’s cash products consist of interest-bearing securities, purchased residential mortgage whole loans, equity securities and certain variable prepaid forwards. Interest-bearing securities include debt securities, residential and commercial mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities and CDOs. Equity securities include common equity shares, preferred stock and convertible bonds.
For debt securities for which market prices are not available, valuations are based on yields reflecting the perceived risk of the issuer and the maturity of the security, recent disposals in the market or other modeling techniques, which involve judgment.
Values of residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities are generally available through quoted market prices, which are often based on market information of the prices at which similarly structured and collateralized securities trade between dealers and to and from customers. Values of residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities for which there are no significant observable market parameters are valued using valuation models incorporating prepayment scenarios and Monte Carlo simulations.
Collateralized debt, bond and loan obligations are split into various structured tranches, and each tranche is valued based upon its individual rating and the underlying collateral supporting the structure. Values are determined using present value of estimated future cash flows valuation techniques that incorporate assumptions that market participants customarily use in their estimates of values including payment speeds, credit losses and discount rates.
Purchased residential mortgage whole loans are valued using pricing factors specific to loan level attributes, such as loan-to-value ratios, current balances and liens.
The majority of our positions in equities are traded on public stock exchanges, for which daily quoted market prices are available. Fair values of preferred shares are determined by their yield and the subordination relative to the issuer’s other credit obligations. Convertible bonds are generally valued using direct pricing sources; for a small number of convertible bonds no direct prices are available and valuation is determined using internal and external models, for which the key input parameters include stock price, dividend rates, credit spreads, prepayment rates and equity market volatility.
Derivatives
Positions in derivatives held for trading purposes include both OTC and exchange-traded derivatives. The fair values of exchange-traded derivatives are typically derived from observable exchange prices and/or observable market parameters. Fair values for OTC derivatives are determined on the basis of internally developed proprietary models using various input parameters. The input parameters include those characteristics of the derivative that have a bearing on the economics of the instrument and market parameters.
The determination of the fair value of many derivatives involves only a limited degree of subjectivity because the required input parameters are observable in the marketplace. The pricing of these instruments is referred to as “direct.” For other more complex derivatives, subjectivity relating to the determination of input parameters reduces price transparency. The pricing of these instruments is referred to as “indirect.” Specific areas of subjectivity include estimating long-dated volatility assumptions on OTC option transactions and recovery rate assumptions for credit derivative transactions. Uncertainty of pricing assumptions and liquidity are also considered as part of the valuation process. In accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 02-3, “Issues Involved in Accounting for Derivatives Contracts Held for Trading Purposes and Contracts Involved in Energy Trading and Risk Management Activities,” or EITF 02-3, we do not recognize a dealer profit or loss (unrealized gain or loss at inception of a derivative transaction), or day one profit/loss, unless the valuation underlying the unrealized gain or loss is evidenced by (a) quoted market prices in an active market, (b) observable prices of other current market transactions or (c) other observable data supporting a valuation technique. The deferred profit or loss is amortized over either the life of the derivative or the period until which observable data is available.
For further information on the fair value of derivatives as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, see Note 5 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1.
Private equity and other long-term investments
Private equity and other long-term investments include direct investments and investments in partnerships that make private equity and related investments in various portfolio companies and funds. Private equity investments and other long-term investments consist of both publicly traded securities and private securities. Publicly traded investments are valued based upon readily available market quotes with appropriate adjustments for liquidity as a result of holding large blocks and/or having trading restrictions. Private securities, which generally have no readily available market or may be otherwise restricted as to resale, are valued taking into account a number of factors, such as the most recent round of financing involving unrelated new investors, earnings multiple analyses using comparable companies or discounted cash flow analysis.
The following table sets forth the fair value of our private equity and other long-term investments by category as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005:
| | As of June 30, 2006 | | As of December 31, 2005 | |
| | Fair value | | Percent of total | | Fair value | | Percent of total | |
| | (In millions) | | | | (In millions) | | | |
CS-managed funds (which includes $9,457 and $2,562 related to funds consolidated(1) as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively) | | $ | 10,141 | | | 95 | % | $ | 3,256 | | | 89 | % |
Funds managed by third parties | | | 453 | | | 4 | | | 359 | | | 10 | |
Direct investments | | | 35 | | | 1 | | | 26 | | | 1 | |
Total | | $ | 10,629 | | | 100 | % | $ | 3,641 | | | 100 | % |
(1) | For more information on the consolidated funds as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, see Notes 3 and 4 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1. |
CS-managed funds include partnerships and related direct investments for which the Company acts as the fund’s advisor and makes investment decisions. CS-managed funds principally invest in private securities and, to a lesser extent, publicly traded securities and fund of fund partnerships. The fair value of investments in CS-managed fund of funds partnerships is based on the valuation received from the underlying fund manager, is reviewed by us and reflected in “Reduced or no observable market parameters” in the table above. The fair value of investments in other CS-managed funds is based on the Company’s valuation. Balances reported in CS-managed funds also include amounts relating primarily to the consolidation of private equity funds, which are described in further detail in Notes 3 and 4 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1. A substantial portion of the private equity funds consolidated are also reflected in “Reduced or no observable market parameters” in the table above. Funds managed by third parties include investments in funds managed by an external fund manager. The fair value of these funds is based on the valuation received from the general partner of the fund, is reviewed by us and reflected in “Reduced or no observable market parameters” in the table above.
Income Taxes
Deferred Tax Assets
We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the estimated future tax effects of operating loss carry-forwards and temporary differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis as of the date of the statement of financial condition.
The realization of deferred tax assets on temporary differences is dependent upon the generation of taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. The realization of deferred tax assets on net operating losses is dependent upon the generation of taxable income during the periods prior to their expiration. Periodically, management evaluates whether deferred tax assets can be realized. If management considers it more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized, a corresponding valuation allowance is established. In evaluating whether deferred tax assets can be realized, management considers projected future taxable income, the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities and tax planning strategies.
This evaluation requires significant management judgment, primarily with respect to projected taxable income. The estimate of future taxable income can never be predicted with certainty. It is derived from budgets and strategic business plans but is dependent on numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control. Substantial variance of actual results from estimated future taxable profits, or changes in our estimate of future taxable profits, could lead to changes in deferred tax assets being realizable or considered realizable, and would require a corresponding adjustment to the valuation allowance.
As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, we had deferred tax assets resulting from temporary differences that could reduce taxable income in future periods. The condensed consolidated statements of financial condition as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 include deferred tax assets of $1.6 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively, and deferred tax liabilities of $648 million and $602 million, respectively. Due to uncertainty concerning our ability to generate the necessary amount and mix of state and local taxable income in future periods, we maintained a valuation allowance against our deferred state and local tax assets in the amount of $26 million and $35 million as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively.
Tax Contingencies
Significant judgment is required in determining the effective tax rate and in evaluating certain of our tax positions. We accrue for tax contingencies when, despite our belief that our tax return positions are fully supportable, certain positions could be challenged and our positions may not be fully sustained. Once established, tax contingency accruals are adjusted due to changing facts and circumstances, such as case law, progress of audits or when an event occurs requiring a change to the tax contingency accruals. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes to determine the appropriateness of our provision (benefit) for income taxes. Although the outcome of any dispute is uncertain, management believes that it has appropriately accrued for any unfavorable outcome.
Litigation Contingencies
We are involved in a variety of legal, regulatory and arbitration matters in connection with the conduct of our business. It is inherently difficult to predict the outcome of many of these matters, particularly those cases in which the matters are brought on behalf of various classes of claimants, seek damages of unspecified or indeterminate amounts or involve novel legal claims. In presenting our condensed consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates regarding the outcome of these matters and records a reserve and takes a charge to income when losses with respect to such matters are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Charges, other than those taken periodically for cost of defense, are not established for matters when losses cannot be reasonably estimated. Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and currently available information and involve a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the type and nature of the litigation, claim or proceeding, the progress of the matter, the advice of legal counsel and other advisors, our defenses and our experience in similar cases or proceedings as well as our assessment of matters, including settlements, involving other defendants in similar or related cases or proceedings. For a discussion of legal proceedings, see “Legal Proceedings” in Part II, Item 1.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
In May 2006, we completed our acquisition of Guilford Holding Corporation, a tax credit syndication firm based in Montgomery, Alabama. Guilford engages in the purchase, packaging and sale of tax credits to corporate investors. Through the acquisition of Guilford, we expect to accelerate our efforts to develop a tax credit group to complement our commercial mortgage franchise.
Consistent with its strategy to focus on its banking businesses, CSG announced in June 2006 a definitive agreement to sell Winterthur Swiss Insurance Company, its insurance business, to AXA. The transaction is expected to close by year-end 2006. Winterthur is not within the Company’s consolidated group.
As part of a strategy to develop untapped opportunities in the alternative investment markets, in the second quarter of 2006, Credit Suisse and General Electric announced their intention to form a joint venture to invest in global infrastructure assets. In July 2006, each of Credit Suisse (through a subsidiary of the Company) and General Electric agreed to commit, subject to certain conditions, approximately $500 million to the joint venture, which intends to invest in energy and transportation infrastructure worldwide. A portion of this commitment is expected to be funded by the Company or its subsidiaries.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth a summary of our financial results:
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | | | (In millions) | | | |
Total net revenues | | $ | 2,460 | | $ | 1,427 | | $ | 5,390 | | $ | 3,060 | |
Total expenses | | | 1,096 | | | 1,807 | | | 2,629 | | | 3,049 | |
Income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes, minority interests and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle | | | 1,364 | | | (380 | ) | | 2,761 | | | 11 | |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | | | 247 | | | (244 | ) | | 384 | | | (178 | ) |
Minority interests | | | 633 | | | 303 | | | 1,576 | | | 458 | |
Income (loss) before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle | | | 484 | | | (439 | ) | | 801 | | | (269 | ) |
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, net of income tax expense of $3 in 2005 | | | ― | | | ― | | | ― | | | 6 | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 484 | | $ | (439 | ) | $ | 801 | | $ | (263 | ) |
A substantial portion of our financial instruments are marked to market daily and, therefore, the value of such financial instruments and our net revenues are subject to fluctuations based on market movements. In addition, net revenues derived from our less liquid assets may fluctuate significantly depending on the revaluation or sale of these investments in any given period. We also regularly enter into large transactions as part of our proprietary and other trading businesses, and the number and size of such transactions may subject our net revenues to volatility from period to period.
Interest income and expense is accrued at the stated coupon rate for coupon-bearing financial instruments, and for non-coupon-bearing financial instruments, interest income is recognized by accreting the discount over the life of the instrument. For coupon-bearing financial instruments purchased at a discount or premium, the net difference between interest income and expense accrued at the stated coupon rate and interest income and expense determined on an effective yield basis, which could be significant, is included in principal transactions-net instead of net interest and dividends in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
We use derivatives and cash instruments to economically hedge the interest rate exposure associated with commercial mortgage whole loans, originated residential mortgage whole loans, resale and repurchase agreements and long-term borrowings. These derivatives and cash instruments are carried at fair value, while the commercial mortgage whole loans and originated residential mortgage whole loans are carried at the lower of cost or fair value and the resale and repurchase agreements are carried at contract amounts. In addition, we have certain derivatives that economically hedge our long-term borrowings that were not designated for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS 133 “Accounting for Derivatives Interest and Hedging Activities,” or SFAS 133. As a result, decreases in the value of the derivatives and cash instruments, if any, are not offset by increases in the value of the commercial mortgage whole loans and originated residential whole loans until the loans are sold and increases and decreases in the value of the derivatives and cash instruments, if any, are not offset by decreases and increases in the value of the resale and repurchase agreements until the securities are sold or repurchased. Increases and decreases in the value of the derivatives that economically hedge our long-term borrowings are not offset by decreases and increases in our long-term borrowings. Commercial mortgage whole loans, originated residential mortgage whole loans, resale and repurchase agreements and economically hedged long-term borrowings can be a significant part of our statement of financial condition. Therefore, our net revenues are subject to volatility from period to period.
Our businesses are materially affected by conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions generally, including geopolitical events. Unpredictable or adverse market and economic conditions have adversely affected our past results and may in the future adversely affect our results of operations. See “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
The Company recorded net income of $484 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 compared to a net loss of $439 million for the three months ended June 30, 2005, reflecting a significant increase in net revenues and a significant decrease in expenses.
Total net revenues increased $1.0 billion, or 72%, to $2.5 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2006, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2005, resulting from significant increases in principal transactions-net and investment banking and advisory revenues and an increase in commissions and fees partially offset by a decrease in net interest and dividend revenues. The increase in principal transactions-net was primarily due to improved results in trading and higher revenues from the consolidation of certain private equity funds partially offset by decreases in revenues from our private equity business and certain separately managed private equity and distressed assets and losses on swaps that economically hedged our long-term borrowings that were not designated for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS 133. Investment banking and advisory revenues increased due to higher debt and equity underwriting and advisory fees. Commissions and fees were higher reflecting growth in our advanced execution services business, higher servicing fees from residential mortgages as a result of our acquisition of SPS Holding Corp., higher management fees from our private equity business and higher commissions from our private client services business. Net interest and dividend revenues decreased primarily due to higher short-term borrowing costs associated with our trading business.
The Company allocates most revenues and expenses to its segments. Any revenues and expenses not allocated appear in Elimination & Other in Note 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1. For the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, Elimination & Other primarily included revenues and expenses that result from the consolidation of certain private equity funds. Elimination & Other also included a limited amount of treasury costs not allocated to the Company’s segments. The Company’s consolidation of certain private equity funds resulted in an increase in net revenues of $641 million and $304 million, respectively, and an increase in total expenses of $8 million and $1 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005. Excluding the increases attributable to the consolidation of certain private equity funds, total net revenues increased 62%. As of June 30, 2006, the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of financial condition reflected assets and liabilities of $10.0 billion due to the consolidation of certain private equity funds, including $6.7 billion as required by a recent accounting pronouncement as described in Notes 1, 3 and 13 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1.
Total expenses decreased $711 million, or 39%, to $1.1 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2005. Total expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2006 included insurance settlements for litigation and related costs totaling $390 million, which reduced other operating expenses. Total expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2005 included a $750 million charge to increase the reserve for certain private litigation. Excluding the insurance settlements and the litigation charge, total expenses increased $429 million, or 41%, to $1.5 billion primarily due to higher employee compensation and benefits expenses. Employee compensation and benefits expenses increased $327 million, or 44%, to $1.1 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2005, reflecting higher incentive compensation, share-based compensation, base salaries and head count partially offset by lower severance expenses. Included in employee compensation expense is $32 million and $45 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, related to business activities conducted by Company employees on behalf of CSG affiliates outside of the Company. These expenses were charged to these affiliates and are reflected as a reduction in our other operating expenses. Other expenses decreased $1.0 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2005. Excluding the insurance settlements and the litigation charge, other expenses increased $102 million, or 32%, to $421 million primarily as a result of increases in other operating expenses, professional fees, occupancy and equipment rental and brokerage, clearing and exchange fees. See “—Segment Expenses.”
Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
The Company recorded net income of $801 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to a net loss of $263 million for the six months ended June 30, 2005, reflecting a significant increase in net revenues and a decrease in expenses.
Total net revenues increased $2.3 billion, or 76%, to $5.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2006, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2005, resulting from significant increases in principal transactions-net and investment banking and advisory revenues and an increase in commissions and fees partially offset by a significant decrease in net interest and dividend revenues. The increase in principal transactions-net was primarily due to improved results in trading and higher revenues from the consolidation of certain private equity funds partially offset by decreases in revenues from our private equity business and certain separately managed private equity and real estate assets and losses from certain separately managed distressed assets and swaps that economically hedged our long-term borrowings that were not designated for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS 133. Investment banking and advisory revenues increased due to higher debt and equity underwriting and advisory fees. Commissions and fees were higher reflecting growth in our advanced execution services business, higher servicing fees from residential mortgages as a result of our acquisition of SPS Holding Corp., higher management fees from our private equity business and higher commissions from our private client services business. Net interest and dividend revenues decreased primarily due to higher short-term borrowing costs associated with our trading business.
For the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, Elimination & Other primarily included revenues and expenses that result from the consolidation of certain private equity funds. Elimination & Other also included a limited amount of treasury costs not allocated to the Company’s segments. The Company’s consolidation of certain private equity funds resulted in an increase in net revenues of $1.6 billion and $461 million, respectively, and an increase in total expenses of $13 million and $3 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005. Excluding the increases attributable to the consolidation of certain private equity funds, total net revenues increased 46%. As of June 30, 2006, the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of financial condition reflected assets and liabilities of $10.0 billion due to the consolidation of certain private equity funds, including $6.7 billion as required by a recent accounting pronouncement as described in Notes 1, 3 and 13 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1.
Total expenses decreased $420 million, or 14%, to $2.6 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2005. Total expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2006 included insurance settlements for litigation and related costs totaling $390 million, which reduced other operating expenses. Total expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2005 included a $750 million charge to increase the reserve for certain private litigation. Excluding the insurance settlements and the litigation charge, expenses increased $720 million, or 31%, to $3.0 billion primarily due to higher employee compensation and benefits expenses. Employee compensation and benefits expenses increased by $544 million, or 32%, to $2.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2005, reflecting higher incentive compensation, share-based compensation, base salaries and head count partially offset by lower severance expenses. Included in employee compensation expense is $59 million and $105 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, related to business activities conducted by Company employees on behalf of CSG affiliates outside of the Company. These expenses were charged to these affiliates and are reflected as a reduction in our other operating expenses. Other expenses decreased $964 million, or 71%, for the six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2005. Excluding the insurance settlements and the litigation charge, other expenses increased $176 million, or 29%, to $790 million primarily as a result of increases in other operating expenses, professional fees, brokerage, clearing and exchange fees and occupancy and equipment rental expenses. See “—Segment Expenses.”
Results by Segment
Effective January 1, 2006, CSG realigned its organizational structure to its new strategic orientation, which is to focus on its banking businesses. As a result of this realignment, CSG’s banking business consists of three reporting segments: Investment Banking, Private Banking and Asset Management. We are managed as a subsidiary of Credit Suisse and CSG, and our businesses are a part of each of these banking segments. Therefore, effective January 1, 2006, we began operating and managing our businesses along these same three banking segments.
Our Investment Banking segment consists principally of the businesses that comprised our former Institutional Securities segment, with the addition of the private funds group that was formerly part of our Wealth & Asset Management segment. Our Asset Management segment consists of the private equity business and the Volaris business that were formerly part of our Wealth & Asset Management segment. Our Private Banking segment consists of the private client services business in the United States (other than Volaris) that was formerly part of our Wealth & Asset Management segment.
The operations of the Investment Banking segment consist of investment banking, which includes debt and equity underwriting and financial advisory services, and trading, which includes our debt and equity sales and trading and other related activities. The Investment Banking segment also includes the results from certain separately managed private equity and distressed assets. The operations of the Asset Management segment primarily consist of the private equity business. The operations of the Private Banking segment consist of the private client services business in the United States.
Our segments are managed based on types of products and services offered and their related client bases. We evaluate the performance of our segments based primarily on income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes, minority interests and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle.
Revenues are evaluated in the aggregate, including an assessment of trading gains and losses and the related interest income and expense attributable to financing and hedging positions. Therefore, individual revenue categories may not be indicative of the performance of the segment results.
The cost structure of each of our segments is similar and, consequently, the discussion of expenses is presented on an aggregated basis for our segments. The Company allocates to its segments a pro rata share of certain centrally managed costs. Leased facilities and equipment costs, employee benefits and certain general overhead expenses are allocated based upon specified amounts, usage criteria or agreed rates. Interest expense is allocated based upon the particular type of asset. The allocation of some costs, such as incentive bonuses, has been estimated. The timing and magnitude of changes in our incentive bonus accrual can have a significant effect on our operating results for a given period.
The Global Treasury department allocates to the Company’s segments gains and losses related to certain corporate treasury funding transactions based upon the estimated funding requirements of the segments.
We manage and report our segments on a pre-tax basis and exclude revenues and expenses primarily related to the consolidation of certain private equity funds, which are reported in Elimination & Other. Net income is unaffected by the consolidation of these private equity funds because offsetting minority interests are also recorded in Elimination & Other.
Certain reclassifications have been made to our prior year condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report to reflect the operational and management structure in place during 2006.
Investment Banking
The Investment Banking segment includes the trading and investment banking businesses and the results from certain separately managed private equity and distressed assets. Trading consists of sales and trading in equity securities, equity-related derivatives, fixed income financial instruments, fixed income-related derivatives and other related activities. Investment banking raises capital and provides financial advice to companies throughout the United States and abroad. Through investment banking, we manage and underwrite offerings of securities, arrange private placements and provide financial advisory and other services.
The following table sets forth certain financial information of the Company’s Investment Banking segment:
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | | | (In millions) | | | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | |
Principal transactions-net | | $ | 380 | | $ | (286 | ) | $ | 1,043 | | $ | (153 | ) |
Investment banking and advisory | | | 750 | | | 404 | | | 1,328 | | | 723 | |
Commissions | | | 310 | | | 245 | | | 590 | | | 510 | |
Interest and dividends, net of interest expense | | | 250 | | | 510 | | | 536 | | | 1,079 | |
Other | | | 16 | | | 9 | | | 47 | | | 21 | |
Total net revenues | | | 1,706 | | | 882 | | | 3,544 | | | 2,180 | |
Total expenses | | | 956 | | | 1,653 | | | 2,348 | | | 2,779 | |
Income (loss)(1) | | $ | 750 | | $ | (771 | ) | $ | 1,196 | | $ | (599 | ) |
(1) | Income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes, minority interests and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle. |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
The Investment Banking segment recorded income before provision for income taxes, minority interests and the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle of $750 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 compared to a loss before benefit for income taxes, minority interests and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle of $771 million for the three months ended June 30, 2005, reflecting a significant increase in net revenues and a significant decrease in expenses. Total net revenues increased $824 million, or 93%, to $1.7 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2005, reflecting higher revenues from trading and investment banking partially offset by lower other investment banking revenues. Total expenses for Investment Banking for the three months ended June 30, 2006 included insurance settlements for litigation and related costs totaling $390 million, which reduced expenses. Total expenses for Investment Banking for the three months ended June 30, 2005 included a $750 million charge to increase the reserve for certain private litigation. See “―Segment Expenses.”
Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
The Investment Banking segment recorded income before provision for income taxes, minority interests and the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle of $1.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to a loss before benefit for income taxes, minority interests and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle of $599 million for the six months ended June 30, 2005, reflecting a significant increase in net revenues and a decrease in expenses. Total net revenues increased $1.4 billion, or 63%, to $3.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2005, reflecting higher revenues from trading and investment banking partially offset by lower other investment banking revenues. Total expenses for Investment Banking for the six months ended June 30, 2006 included insurance settlements for litigation and related costs of $390 million, which reduced expenses. Total expenses for Investment Banking for the six months ended June 30, 2005 included a $750 million charge to increase the reserve for certain private litigation. See “―Segment Expenses.”
Trading
In evaluating the performance of its trading activities, the Company aggregates principal transactions-net, commissions and net interest and dividends revenue as net trading revenues. Changes in the composition of trading inventories and hedge positions can cause principal transactions and net interest income to vary from period to period.
The following table sets forth net trading revenues of the Investment Banking segment:
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | | | (In millions) | | | |
Equity | | $ | 326 | | $ | 271 | | $ | 885 | | $ | 534 | |
Fixed Income | | | 744 | | | 234 | | | 1,543 | | | 965 | |
Total Trading(1) | | $ | 1,070 | | $ | 505 | | $ | 2,428 | | $ | 1,499 | |
(1) | Revenues reflect the allocation of certain net revenues and interest expense from the Global Treasury department to trading. For the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, the amount was $140 million and $82 million of income, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, the amount was $279 million and $79 million of income, respectively. See “―Results by Segment” above. |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
Total net trading revenues for the Investment Banking segment increased $565 million to $1.1 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2005, due to a significant increase in fixed income net trading revenues and an increase in equity net trading revenues.
Equity net trading revenues increased 20% to $326 million reflecting higher revenues from convertibles, which had losses during the three months ended June 30, 2005 due to reduced liquidity and low volatility. Revenues from prime services were higher as this business continues to grow. These increases were partially offset by lower revenues from our cash business and losses on our restricted shares of the New York Stock Exchange which we received during the three months ended March 31, 2006 in exchange for our New York Stock Exchange seats.
Fixed income net trading revenues increased $510 million to $744 million, reflecting increases in revenues from structured products, interest rate products, commodities and credit products. The increase in structured products net trading revenues was due to higher revenues from commercial and residential mortgage-backed products partially offset by lower revenues from asset-backed products. The increase in revenues from interest rate products primarily reflected gains on derivatives that hedged certain resale and repurchase agreements. Commodities contributed to the growth in revenues as we continue to expand this business. Credit products revenues were higher primarily due to improved results from leveraged finance products. Included in fixed income trading revenues are commercial and residential mortgage-backed underwriting revenues.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
Total net trading revenues for the Investment Banking segment increased $929 million, or 62%, to $2.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2005, due to increases in fixed income and equity net trading revenues.
Equity net trading revenues increased 66% to $885 million reflecting higher revenues from convertibles, which had losses during the six months ended June 30, 2005 due to reduced liquidity and low volatility, and higher revenues from proprietary trading. Revenues from prime services were also higher as this business continues to grow. These increases were partially offset by slightly lower revenues from our cash business.
Fixed income net trading revenues increased 60% to $1.5 billion, reflecting increases in revenues from interest rate products, commodities, structured products, proprietary trading and credit products. The increase in revenues from interest rate products primarily reflected gains on derivatives that hedged certain resale and repurchase agreements as well as higher revenues from OTC and listed derivatives and money markets. Commodities contributed to the growth in revenues as we continue to expand this business. The increase in structured products net trading revenues was due to higher revenues from commercial and residential mortgage-backed products partially offset by lower revenues from asset-backed products. Credit products revenues were higher primarily due to improved results from leveraged finance products and high grade preferred securities.
Investment Banking
The following table sets forth the investment banking revenues for the Investment Banking segment:
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | | | (In millions) | | | |
Debt underwriting | | $ | 326 | | $ | 85 | | $ | 587 | | $ | 180 | |
Equity underwriting | | | 119 | | | 72 | | | 207 | | | 149 | |
Total underwriting | | | 445 | | | 157 | | | 794 | | | 329 | |
Advisory and other fees | | | 239 | | | 198 | | | 413 | | | 307 | |
Total investment banking | | $ | 684 | | $ | 355 | | $ | 1,207 | | $ | 636 | |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
Investment banking revenues increased 93% to $684 million, reflecting increases in debt and equity underwriting and advisory and other fees. For the three months ended June 30, 2006, debt underwriting revenues increased $241 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2005 to $326 million, primarily due to an increase in underwriting revenues from syndicated loans reflecting the fact that on January 1, 2006, we began to conduct certain syndicated loan activities that were previously conducted by a branch of Credit Suisse outside of our consolidated group. Debt underwriting revenues were also higher reflecting industry-wide increases in high-yield underwritings and higher asset-backed underwriting revenues. Equity underwriting revenues increased 65% to $119 million reflecting an increase in common stock new issuance volumes. Advisory and other fees increased 21% to $239 million reflecting higher industry-wide mergers and acquisitions activity and higher revenues from our private funds group.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
Investment banking revenues increased 90% to $1.2 billion, reflecting increases in debt and equity underwriting and advisory and other fees. For the six months ended June 30, 2006, debt underwriting revenues increased $407 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2005 to $587 million, primarily due to an increase in underwriting revenues from syndicated loans reflecting the fact that on January 1, 2006, we began to conduct certain syndicated loan activities that were previously conducted by a branch of Credit Suisse outside of our consolidated group. Debt underwriting revenues were also higher reflecting higher asset-backed underwriting revenues. Equity underwriting revenues increased 39% to $207 million reflecting an increase in common stock new issuance volumes. Advisory and other fees increased 35% to $413 million reflecting higher industry-wide mergers and acquisitions activity and higher revenues from our private funds group.
Other Investment Banking
Other investment banking revenues primarily consist of the results for certain separately managed private equity, distressed and real estate assets and gains and losses on swaps that economically hedge our long-term borrowings that were not designated for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS 133.
The following table sets forth other investment banking revenues:
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | | | (In millions) | | | |
Separately managed private equity and distressed assets | | $ | 4 | | $ | 35 | | $ | (3 | ) | $ | 53 | |
Other | | | (52 | ) | | (13 | ) | | (88 | ) | | (8 | ) |
Total other investment banking | | $ | (48 | ) | $ | 22 | | $ | (91 | ) | $ | 45 | |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
Other investment banking had negative net revenues of $48 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 compared to net revenues of $22 million for the three months ended June 30, 2005, reflecting losses on swaps that economically hedge our long-term borrowings that were not designated for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS 133, lower revenues from certain separately managed private equity assets and losses from certain separately managed distressed assets.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
Other investment banking had negative net revenues of $91 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to net revenues of $45 million for the six months ended June 30, 2005, reflecting losses on swaps that economically hedge our long-term borrowings that were not designated for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS 133, losses from certain separately managed distressed assets and lower revenues from certain separately managed private equity and real estate assets.
Asset Management
The Asset Management segment primarily consists of the private equity business. The private equity business makes privately negotiated investments and acts as an investment manager for private equity funds.
The following table sets forth certain financial information of the Company’s Asset Management segment:
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | | | (In millions) | | | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | |
Principal transactions-net | | $ | 25 | | $ | 157 | | $ | 74 | | $ | 230 | |
Asset management and other fees | | | 45 | | | 30 | | | 85 | | | 74 | |
Interest and dividends, net of interest expense | | | 1 | | | (1 | ) | | 1 | | | (1 | ) |
Other | | | ― | | | 1 | | | 2 | | | 4 | |
Total net revenues | | | 71 | | | 187 | | | 162 | | | 307 | |
Total expenses | | | 51 | | | 88 | | | 112 | | | 139 | |
Income(1) | | $ | 20 | | $ | 99 | | $ | 50 | | $ | 168 | |
(1) | Income before provision for income taxes, minority interests and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle. |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
Revenues for Asset Management primarily consist of management fees, net investment gains and losses, which include realized and unrealized gains and losses, including carried interest, net interest and other revenues from the private equity business. The Asset Management segment recorded income before provision for income taxes, minority interests and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle of $20 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 compared to $99 million for the three months ended June 30, 2005. Total net revenues decreased $116 million, or 62%, to $71 million, primarily due to significantly lower principal transactions-net from our private equity business, which had significant gains during the three months ended June 30, 2005, partially offset by higher management fees due to new private equity funds managed by the Company.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
The Asset Management segment recorded income before provision for income taxes, minority interests and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle of $50 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to $168 million for the six months ended June 30, 2005. Total net revenues decreased $145 million, or 47%, to $162 million, primarily due to significantly lower principal transactions-net from our private equity business, which had significant gains during the six months ended June 30, 2005, partially offset by higher management fees due to new private equity funds managed by the Company.
Private Banking
The Private Banking segment consists of the private client services business in the United States. Private client services is a financial advisory business serving high-net-worth individuals and corporate investors with a wide range of Credit Suisse and third-party investment management products and services.
The following table sets forth certain financial information of the Company’s Private Banking segment:
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | | | (In millions) | | | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | |
Principal transactions-net | | $ | 11 | | $ | 11 | | $ | 23 | | $ | 22 | |
Investment banking and advisory | | | 5 | | | 2 | | | 10 | | | 5 | |
Asset management and other fees | | | 51 | | | 40 | | | 99 | | | 83 | |
Interest and dividends, net of interest expense | | | (2 | ) | | 1 | | | ― | | | 2 | |
Total net revenues | | | 65 | | | 54 | | | 132 | | | 112 | |
Total expenses | | | 81 | | | 65 | | | 156 | | | 128 | |
Loss (1) | | $ | (16 | ) | $ | (11 | ) | $ | (24 | ) | $ | (16 | ) |
(1) | Loss before benefit for income taxes, minority interests and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle. |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
The Private Banking segment reported a loss before benefit for income taxes, minority interests and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle of $16 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 compared to a loss of $11 million for the three months ended June 30, 2005, reflecting an increase in expenses that exceeded the increase in net revenues. Net revenues for Private Banking increased 20% to $65 million, primarily due to higher commissions.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
The Private Banking segment reported a loss before benefit for income taxes, minority interests and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle of $24 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to a loss of $16 million for the six months ended June 30, 2005, reflecting an increase in total expenses that exceeded the increase in net revenues. Net revenues for Private Banking increased 18% to $132 million, primarily due to higher commissions and investment banking revenues.
Segment Expenses
The normal operating cost structure of each of our segments is similar and, consequently, the discussion of expenses is presented on an aggregate basis for our segments. For information on expenses that are not allocated to the Company’s segments, see “―Results of Operations” and Note 13 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1.
The following table sets forth employee compensation and benefits expenses, other expenses and total expenses of the Company’s segments and does not include expenses not allocated to the segments:
| | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | | | (In millions) | | | |
Employee compensation and benefits | | $ | 1,065 | | $ | 738 | | $ | 2,229 | | $ | 1,685 | |
Other expenses | | | 23 | | | 1,068 | | | 387 | | | 1,361 | |
Total expenses | | $ | 1,088 | | $ | 1,806 | | $ | 2,616 | | $ | 3,046 | |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
Total expenses decreased $718 million, or 40%, to $1.1 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2005. Total expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2006 included insurance settlements for litigation and related costs totaling $390 million. Total expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2005 included a $750 million charge to increase the reserve for private litigation involving Enron, certain initial public offering allocation practices, research analyst independence and other related litigation. Excluding the insurance settlements and the litigation charge, total expenses increased $422 million, or 40%, to $1.5 billion primarily due to higher employee compensation and benefits expenses reflecting higher incentive compensation, share-based compensation, base salaries and head count. Employee compensation and benefits expense increased $327 million, or 44% to $1.1 billion. Included in employee compensation and benefits expense is $32 million and $45 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, related to business activities conducted by Company employees on behalf of CSG affiliates outside of the Company. These expenses were charged to these affiliates and are reflected as a reduction in our other operating expenses.
Other expenses consist principally of occupancy and equipment rental; brokerage, clearing and exchange fees; communications; professional fees; and all other operating expenses. Other expenses decreased $1.0 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2005. Other expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2006 included insurance settlements for litigation and related costs totaling $390 million, which reduced other operating expenses. Other expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2005 included a $750 million charge to increase the reserve for certain private litigation. Excluding the insurance settlements and the litigation charge, other expenses increased $95 million, or 30%, to $413 million primarily as a result of increases in other operating expenses, professional fees, occupancy and equipment rental and brokerage, clearing and exchange fees. The increase in other operating expenses reflected higher legal fees and a reduction in the expenses charged to affiliates that are reflected as a reduction in our other operating expenses. The decrease in expenses charged to affiliates reflected our commencement of certain syndicated loan activities that were previously conducted by a branch of Credit Suisse outside of our consolidated group. Professional fees and brokerage, clearing and exchange fees increased due to increased levels of business activity. The increase in occupancy and equipment rental reflected higher depreciation and amortization as a result of our acquisition of SPS Holdings Corp. Excluding the charge to affiliates for compensation expense, the insurance settlements and the litigation charge, other operating expenses increased 23%.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
Total expenses decreased $430 million, or 14%, to $2.6 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2005. Total expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2006 included insurance settlements for litigation and related costs totaling $390 million. Total expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2005 included a $750 million charge to increase the reserve for certain private litigation. Excluding the insurance settlements and the litigation charge, total expenses increased $710 million, or 31%, to $3.0 billion primarily due to higher employee compensation and benefits expenses reflecting higher incentive compensation, share-based compensation, base salaries and head count partially offset by lower severance expenses. Employee compensation and benefits expense increased $544 million, or 32%, to $2.2 billion. Included in employee compensation and benefits expense is $59 million and $105 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, related to business activities conducted by Company employees on behalf of CSG affiliates outside of the Company. These expenses were charged to these affiliates and are reflected as a reduction in our other operating expenses.
Other expenses consist principally of occupancy and equipment rental; brokerage, clearing and exchange fees; communications; professional fees; and all other operating expenses. Other expenses decreased $974 million, or 72%, for the six months ended June 30, 2006 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2005. Other expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2006 included insurance settlements for litigation and related costs totaling $390 million, which reduced other operating expenses. Other expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2005 included a $750 million charge to increase the reserve for certain private litigation. Excluding the insurance settlements and the litigation charge, other expenses increased $166 million, or 27%, to $777 million primarily as a result of increases in other operating expenses, professional fees, brokerage, clearing and exchange fees and occupancy and equipment rental expenses. The increase in other operating expenses reflected higher legal fees and a reduction in the expenses charged to affiliates that are reflected as a reduction in our other operating expenses. The decrease in expenses charged to affiliates reflected our commencement of certain syndicated loan activities that were previously conducted by a branch of Credit Suisse outside of our consolidated group. Professional fees and brokerage, clearing and exchange fees increased due to higher levels of business activity. The increase in occupancy and equipment rental reflected higher depreciation and amortization as a result of our acquisition of SPS Holdings Corp. Excluding the charge to affiliates for compensation expense, the insurance settlements and the litigation charge, other operating expenses increased 17%.
Provision for Taxes
Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
The provision for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2006 was $384 million compared to a benefit of $178 million for the six months ended June 30, 2005. Excluded from the provision for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2005 was an income tax expense of $3 million related to our adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” as amended by SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation—Transition and Disclosure,” and SFAS No. 123 (Revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment,” or SFAS 123R.
The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 was a provision of 13.9% and a benefit of 1615.6%, respectively, which is not meaningful because of the significant non-taxable revenues from certain private equity funds we consolidate. The effective tax rate excluding the non-taxable revenues from certain private equity funds we consolidate for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 was a provision of 32.4% and a benefit of 39.6% respectively. The change in the effective tax rate was due to the pre-tax net income in the six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the pre-tax net loss in the six months ended June 30, 2005.
Share-based Compensation
We adopted SFAS 123R as of January 1, 2005, using the modified prospective method. We had previously adopted the recognition provisions of SFAS 123 effective January 1, 2003. See Note 1 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 for more information.
In connection with our adoption of SFAS 123R, we recorded an after-tax gain of $6 million in the condensed consolidated statement of operations as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle to reverse the expense for awards previously recognized on all outstanding unvested awards that are expected to be forfeited. For new grants after January 1, 2005, forfeitures are included in the initial estimate of compensation expense at the grant date.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity Management Oversight
We believe that maintaining access to liquidity is fundamental for firms operating in the financial services industry. We have therefore established a comprehensive process for the management and oversight of our capital, liquidity and funding strategies. Credit Suisse’s Asset and Risk Management Committee, or CARMC, has primary oversight responsibility for these functional disciplines. This committee, which meets on a quarterly basis, includes the Chief Executive Officers of CSG and of its divisions, the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Risk Officer and the Treasurer. CARMC reviews capital and balance sheet development, current and prospective funding, and adherence to internal Treasury risk limits and capital and liquidity targets. The tactical implementation of this strategy is subsequently refined and updated through regular monthly sessions with the Chief Risk Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the Treasurer and other senior management.
The Global Treasury department is responsible for the day-to-day management of capital, liquidity and funding, as well as relationships with creditor banks and fixed income investors. It also maintains regular contact with rating agencies and regulators on these and other issues. See “Liquidity Risk” in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 for more information.
Liquidity Management Organization
We are an indirect subsidiary of Credit Suisse, a Swiss bank. Consequently, our liquidity management structure operates at two levels, the “Non-Bank Franchise” and the “Bank Franchise.” See “―Balance Sheet and Funding.”
First, at the holding company level, the “Non-Bank Franchise,” where access to parent bank funding is limited, we aim to maintain sufficient liquidity so that in the event that we are unable to access the unsecured capital markets, we have cash and liquid assets sufficient to repay maturing liabilities for a minimum period of one year. When assessing the amount of cash and liquid assets, we take account of the regulatory restrictions that limit the amount of cash that could be distributed upstream by our principal broker-dealer subsidiaries, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, or CS Securities, and Credit Suisse Capital LLC, or CS Capital, which hold over approximately 82% of our consolidated assets.
Second, our regulated subsidiaries have access to unsecured funding from Credit Suisse, the “Bank Franchise,” as well as secured funding via the repurchase and securities lending markets. Historically, Credit Suisse’s bank deposit base has proven extremely stable and is comprised of a diversified customer base, including retail deposits, as well as wholesale and institutional deposits. In a stressed liquidity environment, our broker-dealers would directly access the secured funding markets to replace unsecured borrowings from Credit Suisse.
Balance Sheet and Funding
The majority of our assets are held in our broker-dealer subsidiaries and comprise a substantial portion of the Bank Franchise. These assets - principally trading inventories in our Investment Banking business - are funded by a combination of collateralized short-term borrowings, which include securities sold under agreements to repurchase and securities loaned, as well as unsecured loans from Credit Suisse, the central funding entity of the Bank Franchise. Significant portions of our assets held in the Bank Franchise are highly liquid, with the majority consisting of securities inventories and collateralized receivables, which fluctuate depending on the levels of proprietary trading and customer business. Collateralized receivables consist primarily of securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities borrowed, both of which are primarily secured by U.S. government and agency securities and marketable corporate debt and equity securities. In addition, we have significant receivables from customers, brokers, dealers and others, which turn over frequently. To meet client needs as a securities dealer, we carry significant levels of trading inventories.
Unsecured funding for the Bank Franchise originates largely from Credit Suisse’s borrowings in the wholesale and institutional deposit markets as well as access to retail deposits. The retail and private bank funding base is primarily comprised of time deposits and deposits callable on demand. While the contractual maturity of these deposits is typically under three months, they have historically shown remarkable stability even under extreme market conditions. Additional funding is also sourced via short-term intercompany borrowings from other CSG entities on both a secured and unsecured basis.
Assets not funded by the Bank Franchise include less liquid assets such as certain mortgage whole loans, distressed securities, high-yield debt securities, asset-backed securities and private equity and other long-term investments. These less liquid assets are principally held in the Non-Bank Franchise. These assets may be relatively illiquid at times, especially during periods of market stress. Mortgage whole loans, distressed securities, high-yield debt and asset-backed securities are generally financed with a combination of short-term unsecured financing or repurchase agreements, long-term borrowings and stockholder’s equity. We typically fund a significant portion of less liquid assets, such as private equity investments, with long-term borrowings that we issue directly to the market, and stockholder’s equity.
Short-term funding is generally obtained at rates related to the Federal Funds rate, the London Interbank Offered rate, or LIBOR, or other money market indices, while long-term funding is generally obtained at fixed and floating rates related to U.S. Treasury securities or LIBOR, depending upon prevailing market conditions. We continually aim to broaden our funding base by geography, investor and funding instrument.
We lend funds as needed to our operating subsidiaries and affiliates on both a senior and subordinated basis, the latter typically to meet capital requirements of regulated subsidiaries. We generally try to ensure that loans to our operating subsidiaries and affiliates have maturities equal to or shorter than the maturities of our market borrowings. As such, senior funding to operating subsidiaries and affiliates is typically extended on a demand basis. Alternatively, subordinated financing to regulated subsidiaries is extended on a term basis and we structure our long-term market borrowings with maturities that extend beyond those of our subordinated advances to subsidiaries and affiliates.
Because of changes relating to customer needs, economic and market conditions and proprietary trading and other strategies, our total assets, or the individual components of total assets, may vary significantly from period to period. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, our total assets were $344.7 billion and $297.8 billion, respectively.
Included below is a discussion of our long-term contractual obligations, off-balance sheet arrangements and less liquid assets.
Liquidity Measurement and Planning
The principal measure we use to monitor our liquidity position at each funding franchise is the “liquidity barometer,” which estimates the time period over which the adjusted market value of unencumbered assets (including cash) exceeds the aggregate value of our maturing unsecured liabilities plus a conservative forecast of anticipated contingent commitments. Our objective, as mandated by CARMC, is to ensure that the liquidity barometer for each of the funding franchises is maintained at a sufficient level so as to ensure that, in the event we are unable to access unsecured funding, we will have sufficient liquidity for an extended period. We believe this will enable us to carry out our business plans during extended periods of market stress, while minimizing, to the extent possible, disruptions to our business.
For the Non-Bank Franchise, our objective is to ensure that the liquidity barometer equals or exceeds a time horizon of one year. For the Bank Franchise, our objective is to ensure the liquidity barometer equals or exceeds 120 days. The different time horizons reflect the relative stability of the unsecured funding base of each franchise. In the Non-Bank Franchise, liabilities are measured at their contractual maturities because historically, investors in publicly issued debt securities and commercial paper are highly sensitive to liquidity events such that we believe access to these markets could be quickly diminished. Conversely, the Bank Franchise’s retail and institutional deposit base is measured using contractual maturities that have been adjusted to reflect behavioral stability. Historically, this core deposit base has proven extremely stable, even in stressed markets. The conservative parameters we use in establishing the time horizons in the funding franchises assume that assets will not be sold to generate cash, no new unsecured debt can be issued, and funds that are assumed to be trapped because of regulatory restrictions are not available to be distributed upstream in a stressed liquidity environment. For liquidity purposes, the adjusted market value of unencumbered assets includes a conservative reduction from market value, or “haircut,” reflecting the amount that could be realized by pledging an asset as collateral to a third-party lender in a secured funding transaction.
In the case of the Non-Bank Franchise, contingent commitments include such items as commitments to invest in private equity funds. Certain contingent obligations do not materially impact the liquidity planning at the Company or Non-Bank Franchise, as these are incurred by other affiliated operating entities that are not consolidated by the Company. These items, which are taken into account in our liquidity planning for the Bank Franchise, include:
| · | credit rating-related collateralization requirements (Credit Suisse’s derivatives business is primarily conducted in Credit Suisse International, a wholly-owned subsidiary of CSG); |
| · | back-up liquidity lines provided to asset-backed commercial paper conduits (back-up liquidity lines are provided by Credit Suisse); and |
| · | committed undrawn credit facilities to clients (substantially all of Credit Suisse’s corporate lending business is conducted in Credit Suisse). |
The Bank Franchise maintains two large secondary sources of liquidity. The first is via a large portfolio of liquid fixed income securities, which is segregated and managed to provide for emergency liquidity needs only. This liquidity portfolio is maintained at a level well beyond regulatory requirements and could provide a significant source of liquidity for an extended period in the event of stressed market conditions. In addition to these assets held directly in Credit Suisse, the Bank Franchise maintains another large source of secondary liquidity through Credit Suisse’s principal broker-dealers and other regulated operating entities. The Bank Franchise has historically been able to access significant liquidity through the secured funding markets (securities sold under agreements to repurchase, securities loaned and other collateralized financing arrangements), even in periods of market stress. We continually monitor overall liquidity by tracking the extent to which unencumbered marketable assets and alternative unsecured funding sources exceed both contractual obligations and anticipated contingent commitments.
As of June 30, 2006, we estimate that the Non-Bank Franchise held cash, other liquidity reserves and marginable assets, net of haircuts, of approximately $8.3 billion versus estimated maturing obligations and commitments out to one year of $6.9 billion. Also, as of June 30, 2006, we estimate that the Bank Franchise held cash, other liquidity reserves and marginable assets, net of haircuts, of approximately $120.7 billion versus estimated maturing obligations, commitments and contingent funding requirements out to 120 days of $109.1 billion.
Our liquidity planning and management focuses on maintaining a liquidity cushion so that we may continue to conduct business for an extended period in the event of a crisis. Our liquidity contingency plan focuses on the specific actions that we would take in the event of a crisis, including a detailed communication plan for creditors, investors and customers. The plan, which is regularly updated, sets out a three-stage process of the specific actions we would take:
| · | Stage I – Market disruption |
| · | Stage II – Unsecured markets partially inaccessible |
| · | Stage III – Unsecured markets fully inaccessible |
In the event of a liquidity crisis, a meeting of the Liquidity Crisis Committee would be convened by Global Treasury to activate the contingency plan. The Liquidity Crisis Committee’s membership includes senior business line, Global Treasury and finance department management. This committee would meet frequently throughout the crisis to ensure our plans are executed.
Cash Capital
We measure cash capital (long-term funding sources) against long-term unsecured funding requirements on an ongoing basis, and seek to maintain a surplus at all times. Sources of cash capital include the non-current component of the Company’s long-term borrowings and stockholder’s equity. Uses of cash capital include illiquid assets such as related party receivables (except where the receivable is the short-term investment of our excess cash with Credit Suisse), property, goodwill and intangibles, deferred tax assets, private equity and other long-term investments.
Our cash capital as of June 30, 2006 totaled $47.8 billion compared with $42.2 billion as of December 31, 2005. The increase in cash capital of $5.6 billion was primarily due to an increase in long-term debt. As of June 30, 2006, cash capital was substantially in excess of our cash capital requirements.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The following table sets forth future cash payments on our contractual obligations pursuant to long-term borrowings, operating leases and purchase obligations as of June 30, 2006:
| | Contractual Obligations Expiration Per Period | |
| | Less than 1 year | | 1-3 years | | 4-5 years | | Over 5 years | | Total | |
| | (In millions) | |
Long-term borrowings | | $ | 5,012 | | $ | 14,137 | | $ | 5,686 | | $ | 14,643 | | $ | 39,478 | |
Operating leases | | 155 | | 292 | | 275 | | 933 | | 1,655 | |
Purchase obligations(1) | | 52 | | 60 | | 38 | | 13 | | 163 | |
Total contractual obligations | | $ | 5,219 | | $ | 14,489 | | $ | 5,999 | | $ | 15,589 | | $ | 41,296 | |
(1) | Purchase obligations for goods and services include payments for, among other things, benefits consulting, corporate services outsourcing and computer and telecommunications maintenance agreements. Purchase obligations reflect the minimum contractual obligation under legally enforceable contracts through the termination dates specified in the respective agreements, even if the contract is renewable. Purchase obligations do not reflect termination fees payable upon the Company’s termination of the respective contracts. |
Our long-term borrowings are unsecured. As of June 30, 2006, the weighted average maturity of our long-term borrowings was approximately 4.7 years. Our lease obligations are primarily for our principal offices in New York City and other locations. The operating lease obligations in the table above do not reflect $294 million in sublease revenue and $536 million of executory costs such as insurance, maintenance and taxes. We had no material capital lease obligations as of June 30, 2006.
We have commitments under a variety of arrangements that are not recorded as liabilities in our condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. These commitments are in addition to guarantees and other arrangements discussed in “―Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements.” The following table sets forth certain of our commitments, including the current portion as of June 30, 2006:
| | Commitment Expiration Per Period | |
| | Less than 1 year | | 1-3 years | | 4-5 years | | Over 5 years | | Total commitments | |
| | (In millions) | |
Standby resale agreements(1) | | $ | 50 | | $ | 100 | | $ | ― | | $ | ― | | $ | 150 | |
Private equity(2) | | 19 | | 37 | | 21 | | 400 | | 477 | |
Forward agreements(3) | | 5,094 | | ― | | ― | | ― | | 5,094 | |
Unfunded lending commitments(4) | | | 711 | | | 190 | | | 125 | | | 360 | | | 1,386 | |
Unfunded warehousing commitments(5) | | | 1,081 | | | ― | | | ― | | | ― | | | 1,081 | |
Total commitments | | $ | 6,955 | | $ | 327 | | $ | 146 | | $ | 760 | | $ | 8,188 | |
(1) | In the ordinary course of business, we maintain certain standby resale agreement facilities that commit us to enter into securities purchased under agreements to resell with customers at current market rates. |
(2) | As of June 30, 2006 we had commitments to invest up to an additional $1.1 billion in consolidated private equity funds. |
(3) | Represents commitments to enter into securities purchased under agreements to resell and agreements to borrow securities. |
(4) | We enter into commitments to extend credit in connection with certain premium finance, leveraged finance and other activities. |
(5) | We enter into commitments to warehouse commercial mortgage whole loans. |
For information on these and other material commitments, see Notes 4, 6, 7 and 8 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1. For information on commitments under our pension arrangements, see Note 11 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1.
Excluded from the table above are certain commitments to originate and purchase mortgage whole loans that qualify as derivatives. These commitments are reflected in derivatives contracts in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. For more information on our derivatives contracts, see Note 5 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1.
The following table sets forth our commercial paper and other short-term unsecured borrowings:
| | June 30, 2006 | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | (In millions) | |
Bank loans | | $ | 775 | | $ | 263 | |
Commercial paper | | 1,234 | | 1,298 | |
Loans from affiliates(1) | | 15,712 | | 12,093 | |
Total | | $ | 17,721 | | $ | 13,654 | |
(1) | We have significant financing transactions with Credit Suisse and certain of its subsidiaries and affiliates. See “―Related Party Transactions” and Note 2 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1. |
Credit Facilities
As of June 30, 2006, CS Securities maintained with third parties five 364-day committed secured revolving credit facilities totaling $2.2 billion, with one facility for $200 million maturing in August 2006, one facility for $500 million maturing in November 2006, one facility for $500 million maturing in February 2007, one facility for $500 million maturing in March 2007 and one facility for $500 million maturing in July 2007. We expect to renew these facilities as they mature. These facilities require CS Securities to pledge unencumbered marketable securities to secure any borrowings. Borrowings under each facility would bear interest at short-term rates related to either the Federal Funds rate or LIBOR and can be used for general corporate purposes. The facilities contain customary covenants that we believe will not impair our ability to obtain funding. As of June 30, 2006, no borrowings were outstanding under any of the facilities. We may from time to time enter into additional secured revolving credit facilities as part of our liquidity management.
Long-term Funding
We issue long-term debt through U.S. and Euromarket medium-term note programs, as well as syndicated and privately placed offerings around the world.
Our currently effective automatic shelf registration statement on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, which was established in February 2006, allows us to issue from time to time senior and subordinated debt securities and warrants to purchase such securities.
Under our $5.0 billion Euro medium-term note program, which was established in July 2001 and allows us to issue notes from time to time, we had as of August 7, 2006 $1.2 billion available for issuance.
For the six months ended June 30, 2006, we issued $7.5 billion in senior notes, $82 million in medium-term notes and $79 million in structured notes and we repaid approximately $1.5 billion of medium-term notes and $17 million of structured notes.
Credit Ratings
Our access to the debt capital markets and our borrowing costs depend significantly on our credit ratings. Credit ratings are important to us when competing in certain markets and when seeking to engage in longer-term transactions, including OTC derivatives. Rating agencies take many factors into consideration in determining a company’s rating and may raise, lower or withdraw their ratings or publicly announce an intention to raise or lower their ratings at any time. Such factors include earnings performance, business mix, market position, financial strategy, level of capital, risk management policies and practices and management team, and our affiliation with Credit Suisse and CSG, in addition to the broader outlook for the financial services industry.
A reduction in our credit ratings could limit our access to capital markets, increase our borrowing costs, require us to provide additional collateral in connection with OTC derivatives contracts, and allow counterparties to terminate transactions under certain of our trading and collateralized financing contracts. This, in turn, could reduce our liquidity and negatively impact our operating results and financial position. Our liquidity planning takes into consideration those contingent events associated with a reduction in our credit ratings.
Because a significant portion of our OTC derivatives arrangements are with affiliates, the amount of collateral that we would have been required to post pursuant to such contracts in the event of a one-notch downgrade of our senior long-term debt credit rating was not material as of June 30, 2006.
As of August 7, 2006, our ratings and ratings outlooks were as follows:
| | Long-Term Debt | | Commercial Paper | | Outlook | |
| | | | | | | |
Fitch Ratings | | AA- | | F-1+ | | Stable | |
Moody’s Investors Service | | Aa3 | | P-1 | | Stable | |
Standard & Poor’s(1) | | AA- | | A-1+ | | Stable | |
| (1) | On July 14, 2006, Standard & Poor’s upgraded our long-term debt rating to AA- from A+ and our commercial paper rating to A-1+ from A-1. Our outlook was revised to stable. |
Capital Resources
Certain of our businesses are capital intensive. In addition to normal operating requirements, capital is required to cover financing and regulatory capital charges on various asset classes, including but not limited to, securities inventories, private equity investments and investments in fixed assets. Our overall capital needs are regularly reviewed to ensure that our capital base can appropriately support the anticipated needs of our business and the regulatory and other capital requirements of our subsidiaries. Based upon these analyses, we believe that our capitalization is adequate for current operating levels.
Regulated Subsidiaries
Our principal wholly owned subsidiary, CS Securities, is a registered broker-dealer, registered futures commission merchant and member firm of the New York Stock Exchange. Accordingly, CS Securities is subject to the minimum net capital requirements of the SEC and the Commodities Futures Trading Commission, or CFTC. Under the alternative method permitted by SEC Rule 15c3-1, the required net capital may not be less than the greater of 2% of aggregate debit balances arising from customer transactions or 4% of the funds required to be segregated pursuant to the Commodity Exchange Act less the market value of certain commodity options, all as defined. Under CFTC Regulation 1.17, the required minimum net capital requirement is 8% of the total risk margin requirement (as defined) for all positions carried in customer accounts plus 4% of the total risk margin requirement (as defined) for all positions carried in non-customer accounts. As of June 30, 2006, CS Securities’ net capital of approximately $5.2 billion was 77.3% of aggregate debit balances and in excess of the minimum requirement by approximately $5.0 billion.
Our OTC derivatives dealer subsidiary, CS Capital, is also subject to the uniform net capital rule, but computes its net capital requirements based on value at risk pursuant to Appendix F of Rule 15c3-1. As of June 30, 2006, CS Capital’s net capital of $525 million, after allowing for market and credit risk exposure of $61 million and $143 million, respectively, was in excess of the minimum net capital requirement by $505 million. CS Capital operates pursuant to the (k)(2)(ii) exemptive provisions of Rule 15c3-3 of the Exchange Act and accordingly, all customer transactions are cleared through CS Securities on a fully disclosed basis.
As of June 30, 2006, our subsidiaries complied with all applicable regulatory capital adequacy requirements.
Cash Flows
Our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows classify cash flows into three broad categories: cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. These statements should be read in conjunction with “―Related Party Transactions” as well as Note 2 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1.
Our cash flows are complex and frequently bear little relation to our net income and net assets, particularly because the Company is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of CSG, a global financial institution that may choose to allocate cash among its subsidiaries for reasons independent of the Company’s activities. As a result, we believe that traditional cash flow analysis is not a particularly useful method to evaluate our liquidity position as discussed above. Cash flow analysis may, however, assist in highlighting certain macro trends and strategic initiatives in our business.
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2006
Cash and cash equivalents increased $637 million to $1.5 billion as of June 30, 2006. Cash used in operating activities was $10.3 billion. The change in cash used in operating activities reflected a net increase in operating assets relative to operating liabilities of $12.2 billion, which occurred in the normal course of operations as a result of changes in customer needs, market conditions and proprietary trading and other strategies.
Cash of $4.9 billion was used in investing activities. The Company provided funding to affiliates, resulting in increases in receivables from parent and affiliates of $4.7 billion.
Cash provided by financing activities was $15.8 billion. The changes are due to increases in long-term borrowings of $7.7 billion, $5.6 billion in net collateralized financing arrangements and $4.1 billion in short-term borrowings used primarily to fund normal operating activities, provide funding to affiliates as part of the Company’s investing activities and repay $1.5 billion in long-term borrowings.
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
Cash and cash equivalents decreased $8 million to $719 million as of June 30, 2005. Cash used in operating activities was $5.9 billion and reflected a net increase in operating assets and operating liabilities of $5.8 billion, which occurred in the normal course of operations as a result of changes in customer needs, market conditions and proprietary trading and other strategies.
Cash of $234 million was used in investing activities primarily reflecting an increase in funding to affiliates.
Cash provided by financing activities was $6.1 billion. This was due to increases in net collateralized financing arrangements of $10.9 billion, decreases of $4.5 billion in commercial paper and short-term borrowings and increases of $2.3 billion in long-term borrowings used primarily to fund normal operating activities, provide funding to affiliates as part of the Company’s investing activities and repay $2.5 billion in long-term borrowings.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We enter into off-balance sheet arrangements in the ordinary course of business. Off-balance sheet arrangements are transactions, agreements or other contractual arrangements with, or for the benefit of, an entity that is not consolidated with an issuer, and which include guarantees and similar arrangements, retained or contingent interests in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity, and obligations and liabilities (including contingent obligations and liabilities) for the purpose of providing financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support.
We have not entered into any derivatives contracts indexed or linked to the stock of CSG.
Guarantees
In the ordinary course of our business, we provide guarantees and indemnifications that contingently obligate us to make payments to the guaranteed or indemnified party based on changes in an asset, liability or equity security of the guaranteed or indemnified party. We may also be contingently obligated to make payments to a guaranteed party based on another entity’s failure to perform, or an indirect guarantee of the indebtedness of others. Guarantees we provide include customary indemnifications to purchasers in conjunction with the sale of assets or businesses; to investors in private equity funds sponsored by the firm regarding potential obligations of the Company to return amounts previously paid as carried interest to the Company and certain other partners, most of which are current and former employees of the Company; and to investors in our securities and other arrangements to provide “gross up” payments if there is a withholding or deduction because of a tax assessment or other governmental charge. From time to time, we also guarantee the obligations of subsidiaries of CSG that are not our consolidated subsidiaries, and these guarantees are included in the scope of the disclosure requirements of FIN No. 45, “Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others,” or FIN 45.
FIN 45 requires disclosure of our maximum potential payment obligations under certain guarantees to the extent that it is possible to estimate them and requires recognition of a liability at inception for the fair value of guaranteed obligations for guarantees issued or amended after December 31, 2002. The recognition of these liabilities did not have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations. For disclosure of our estimable maximum payment obligations under certain guarantees and related information, see Note 8 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1.
Retained or Contingent Interests in Assets Transferred to Unconsolidated Entities
We originate commercial mortgages and originate and purchase residential mortgages and purchase other debt obligations such as automobile loans and student loans and sell these assets directly or through affiliates to special purpose entities that are, in most cases, qualified special purpose entities, or QSPEs. These QSPEs issue securities that are backed by the assets transferred to the QSPEs and pay a return based on the returns on those assets. Investors in these mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities typically have recourse to the assets in the QSPE. The investors and the QSPEs have no recourse to our assets.
These QSPEs are generally sponsored by our subsidiaries. Our principal broker-dealer subsidiary, CS Securities, underwrites and makes markets in these mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. Under SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, a replacement of FASB Statement No. 125,” or SFAS 140, a QSPE is not required to be consolidated with the transferor if all the SFAS 140 sale criteria are met. Our mortgage-backed and asset-backed securitization activities are generally structured to use QSPEs, and the assets and liabilities transferred to QSPEs are not included in our financial statements except to the extent other SFAS 140 criteria are not met.
As of June 30, 2006, we held encumbered mortgage loans totaling $4.7 billion related to securitization transactions that did not qualify for sale accounting treatment under paragraph 40b of SFAS 140. Prior to securitization, such encumbered loans were accounted for in financial instruments owned; however, due to the transfer of legal title in the form of a pledge in the securitization, these loans have been reclassified to Other assets and deferred amounts in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Cash amounts received in payment upon transfer for such loans are accounted for as secured borrowings and are recorded in Other liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
We may retain interests in these securitized assets if CS Securities holds the assets in connection with its underwriting or market-making activities. Retained interests in securitized financial assets are included at fair value in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Any changes in the fair value of these retained interests are recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. We engage in these securitization activities to meet the needs of clients as part of our fixed income activities, to earn fees and to sell financial assets. These securitization activities do not provide a material source of our liquidity, capital resources or credit risk or market risk support. See Note 3 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1, which includes quantitative information on our securitization activities and retained interests.
Variable Interest Entities
We are involved with various entities in the normal course of business that may be deemed to be variable interest entities, or VIEs, including VIEs that issue CDOs.
We purchase loans and other debt obligations from and on behalf of clients primarily for the purpose of securitization. The loans and other debt obligations are sold by us to affiliates for warehousing prior to being transferred by affiliates, to VIEs that issue CDOs. CDOs are securities backed by the assets transferred to the VIE and pay a return based on the returns on those assets. Investors typically have recourse to the assets in the CDO VIE. The investors and the CDO VIE have no recourse to the Company’s assets. CS Securities structures, underwrites and makes a market in these CDOs, and we may have retained interests in these CDOs in connection with CS Securities’ underwriting and market-making activities. We engage in these CDO transactions to meet the needs of clients, to earn fees and to sell financial assets. These CDO transactions do not provide a material source of our liquidity, capital resources or credit risk or market risk support.
Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation, or FIN, No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities,” or FIN 46, requires us to consolidate all VIEs for which we are the primary beneficiary, which is defined as the entity that will absorb a majority of expected losses, receive a majority of the expected residual returns, or both. In December 2003, the FASB modified FIN 46, through the issuance of FIN 46R, to address various implementation issues that had arisen since the issuance of FIN 46 and to provide companies the option to defer the adoption of FIN 46 for certain VIEs to periods ending after March 15, 2004. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, we consolidated CDO VIEs for which we are the primary beneficiary. We also have interests in CDO VIEs that are not required to be consolidated because we are not the primary beneficiary.
We consolidate certain private equity funds that are managed by us. See Notes 1 and 3 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1.
In connection with our acquisition of Guilford Holding Corporation in May 2006, we have consolidated certain tax credit funds resulting in an increase in assets and liabilities of $321 million as of June 30, 2006. The consolidation of these tax credit funds did not have an impact on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
CSG, through Credit Suisse Holdings (USA), Inc. owns all of our outstanding voting common stock. We are involved in significant financing and other transactions, and have significant related party balances, with Credit Suisse and certain affiliates. We generally enter into these transactions in the ordinary course of business and believe that these transactions are on market terms that could be obtained from unrelated third parties. See “—Derivatives” and Notes 2 and 5 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 for more information.
Certain of our directors, officers and employees and those of our affiliates and their subsidiaries maintain margin accounts with CS Securities and other affiliated broker-dealers in the ordinary course of business. In addition, certain of such directors, officers and employees have investments or commitments to invest in various private equity funds. We make loans to directors and executive officers on the same terms as are generally available to third parties or otherwise pursuant to widely available employee benefit plans. CS Securities and other affiliated broker-dealers, from time to time and in the ordinary course of business, enter into, as principal, transactions involving the purchase or sale of securities from or to such directors, officers and employees and members of their immediate families.
LESS LIQUID ASSETS
Certain of our assets, including private equity and other long-term investments, distressed securities, high-yield debt, mortgage whole loans and other non-investment-grade debt, are not highly liquid or trade in markets that have periods of volatility and illiquidity. The values of most of the more illiquid assets are reported at fair value, and the determination of fair value is based on management’s best estimate and depends on varying factors. See “—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates—Fair Value” for further information on the determination of fair value of these less liquid assets.
Private Equity Activities
Our private equity and other long-term investment activities include direct investments and investments in partnerships that make private equity and related investments in various portfolio companies and funds. These investments are primarily in unlisted or illiquid equity or equity-related securities and are carried at fair value based on a number of factors. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, we had investments in private equity and other long-term investments of $10.6 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively. As of June 30, 2006, we had commitments to invest up to an additional $477 million in non-consolidated private equity funds and $1.1 billion in consolidated private equity funds. The increase in private equity and other long-term investments reflects our consolidation of certain private equity funds. See “—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates—Fair Value” and Notes 1 and 4 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 for more information.
Corporate Debt, Mortgage Whole Loans and Other Non-Investment-Grade Financial Instruments
We underwrite, trade and hold non-investment-grade financial instruments, which include corporate debt, commercial and residential mortgage whole loans, loan participations, derivatives contracts and certain separately managed distressed financial instruments. Corporate debt includes high-yield debt, distressed debt, commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities, other asset-backed securities and CDOs. Due to credit considerations, liquidity of secondary trading markets and vulnerability to general economic conditions, these financial instruments and loans generally involve greater risk than investment-grade financial instruments. We record corporate debt, derivatives contracts and certain separately managed distressed financial instruments at fair value. We record commercial mortgage whole loans, certain residential mortgage whole loans and loan participations that are held for sale at the lower of cost or fair value. Timing of the securitization of our mortgage whole loan inventory will affect the size of our positions at any given time. The following table sets forth our positions in these instruments as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005:
| | June 30, 2006 | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | Assets | | Liabilities | | Assets | | Liabilities | |
| | (In millions) | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Corporate debt | | $ | 5,255 | | $ | 1,123 | | $ | 3,286 | | $ | 917 | |
Mortgage whole loans | | | 18,152 | | | ― | | | 17,817 | | | — | |
Loan participations | | | 40 | | | ― | | | 9 | | | — | |
Derivatives contracts | | | 303 | | | ― | | | 321 | | | — | |
Distressed financial instruments | | | 79 | | | ― | | | 113 | | | — | |
Total | | $ | 23,829 | | $ | 1,123 | | $ | 21,546 | | $ | 917 | |
DERIVATIVES
We enter into various transactions involving derivatives. We use derivatives contracts for both trading and hedging purposes and to provide products for our clients. These derivatives include options, forwards, futures and swaps. In general, derivatives are contractual agreements that derive their values from the performance of underlying assets, interest or currency exchange rates or a variety of indices. Most of our derivatives transactions are considered trading positions. See Note 5 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 for more information.
Sources and Maturities of OTC Derivatives
The following table sets forth the distributions, by maturity, of our exposure with respect to OTC derivatives as of June 30, 2006. Fair values were determined on the basis of pricing models and other valuation methods. See “—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates—Fair Value” in Part I, Item 2 and Notes 5 and 8 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 for more information.
| | Assets Maturity Distribution as of June 30, 2006 | |
| | Less than 1 year | | 1-3 years | | 4-5 years | | Over 5 years | | Total fair value | |
| | (In millions) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate and credit spread risk | | $ | 1,304 | | $ | 579 | | $ | 240 | | $ | 999 | | $ | 3,122 | |
Foreign exchange risk | | 33 | | 8 | | ― | | ― | | 41 | |
Equity price risk | | 334 | | 1,384 | | 199 | | 544 | | 2,461 | |
Commodity risk | | 66 | | 62 | | 133 | | 23 | | 284 | |
Total | | $ | 1,737 | | $ | 2,033 | | $ | 572 | | $ | 1,566 | | $ | 5,908 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Liabilities Maturity Distribution as of June 30, 2006 | |
| | Less than 1 year | | 1-3 years | | 4-5 years | | Over 5 years | | Total fair value | |
| | (In millions) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate and credit spread risk | | $ | 1,157 | | $ | 440 | | $ | 240 | | $ | 1,013 | | $ | 2,850 | |
Foreign exchange risk | | 224 | | 4 | | ― | | ― | | 228 | |
Equity price risk | | 287 | | 57 | | 1 | | 9 | | 354 | |
Commodity risk | | 103 | | 109 | | 96 | | 13 | | 321 | |
Total | | $ | 1,771 | | $ | 610 | | $ | 337 | | $ | 1,035 | | $ | 3,753 | |
The following table sets forth as of June 30, 2006 substantially all of our exposure with respect to OTC derivatives, by counterparty credit rating and with affiliates.
Credit Rating(1) | | | June 30, 2006 | |
| | | (In millions) | |
AA+/AA | | $ | 11 | |
AA- | | 3,367 | |
A+/A/A- | | 127 | |
BBB+/BBB/BBB- | | 68 | |
BB+ or lower | | 208 | |
Unrated | | 95 | |
Derivatives with affiliates | | 2,032 | |
Total | | $ | 5,908 | |
(1) | Credit ratings are determined by external rating agencies or by our credit risk management department. |
Derivatives With Related Parties
We enter into a substantial number of derivatives transactions with related parties. The following table sets forth derivatives transactions with related parties consisting primarily of interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, foreign exchange forward contracts, equity forward contracts and total return swaps on equities. The fair values of derivatives contracts outstanding with related parties as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 were as follows.
| | June 30, 2006 | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | Assets | | Liabilities | | Assets | | Liabilities | |
| | (In millions) | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate and credit spread risk | | $ | 1,887 | | $ | 2,022 | | $ | 738 | | $ | 443 | |
Foreign exchange risk | | 9 | | 22 | | 20 | | 5 | |
Equity price risk | | 73 | | 62 | | 64 | | 41 | |
Commodity risk | | 63 | | 1 | | 20 | | ― | |
Total | | $ | 2,032 | | $ | 2,107 | | $ | 842 | | $ | 489 | |
See Notes 2 and 5 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 for more information.
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Effective August 15, 2006, Paul J. O’Keefe will replace David C. Fisher as Chief Financial and Accounting Officer of the Company. Mr. O’Keefe is a Managing Director of Credit Suisse and Americas Regional Head of Financial Accounting. Mr. O'Keefe joined Credit Suisse in November 2000 from Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette where he was a Senior Vice President in Institutional Equities. Prior to that, Mr. O'Keefe worked for 12 years at both Salomon Brothers and ING where he held a number of controller positions.
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
We have made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including, without limitation, in “Legal Proceedings” in Part II, Item 1, and in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part I, Item 2, and from time to time may otherwise make in our public filings and press releases, forward-looking statements concerning our operations, economic performance and financial condition, as well as our future plans and strategic objectives. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, and we claim the protection afforded by the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated herein or in any such other filings, releases or statements because of a number of factors, including without limitation, those detailed in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, those discussed elsewhere herein, and in other public filings and press releases. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts but instead represent only our belief regarding future events, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the use of future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would” or “could,” and by words or phrases such as “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate” and similar expressions. By identifying these statements for you in this manner, we are alerting you to the possibility that our actual results may differ, possibly materially, from the results indicated in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements except as otherwise required by applicable law.
Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
RISK MANAGEMENT AND VALUE AT RISK
For a description of the Company’s risk management policies and procedures and value-at-risk, or VAR, model, including such model’s assumptions and limitations, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk” in Part II, Item 7A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Market Risk Exposure
We measure market risk exposure by using complementary risk measurement techniques, including VAR and sensitivity analysis. VAR is used for our trading portfolio, which includes those financial instruments treated as part of our “trading book” for Bank for International Settlements regulatory capital purposes. Sensitivity analysis is used for our non-trading portfolio, which primarily includes certain mortgage products, private equity investments, the Company’s long-term borrowings and their derivatives hedges and certain commodity positions. This classification of assets as trading and non-trading is done for purposes of analyzing our market risk exposure, not for financial statement purposes.
Trading Portfolios
The Company-wide trading portfolio VAR was approximately $25 million, $39 million and $32 million as of June 30, 2006, December 31, 2005 and June 30, 2005, respectively. The reduction in VAR as of June 30, 2006 compared to December 31, 2005 was primarily due to a decrease in interest rate and credit spread VAR and equity VAR. The decrease in interest rate and credit spread VAR was primarily caused by the implementation of a revised VAR methodology for certain residential mortgage products in early 2006. The decrease in equity VAR was primarily caused by a decrease in equity exposures.
Due to the benefit of diversification, the Company-wide VAR is less than the sum of the individual components. The four main components of market risk, expressed in terms of theoretical fair values, had the following VAR:
| | Company’s Market Risk Exposures in Trading Portfolios | |
| | As of June 30, 2006 | | As of December 31, 2005 | | As of June 30, 2005 | |
| | (In millions) | |
99%, one-day VAR | | | | | | | |
Interest rate and credit spread | | $ | 20 | | $ | 34 | | $ | 20 | |
Equity | | | 16 | | | 20 | | | 21 | |
Foreign exchange rate | | | ― | | | ― | | | ― | |
Commodity | | | 5 | | | 6 | | | 5 | |
Diversification benefit | | | (16 | ) | | (21 | ) | | (14 | ) |
Total | | $ | 25 | | $ | 39 | | $ | 32 | |
(1) | In early 2006, the Company introduced a revised VAR methodology for certain mortgage products. If the revised methodology had been in place during 2005, the Company’s total VAR would have been approximately $37 million and $40 million as of December 31, 2005 and June 30, 2005, respectively. |
The table below presents minimum, maximum and average VAR by market risk component. The decrease in average interest rate and credit spread VAR for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2006 compared with the three months ended June 30, 2005 was primarily caused by the implementation of a revised VAR methodology for certain residential mortgage products in early 2006 and a reduction in the volatility of the market data used to calculate VAR, as data from 2003 was replaced by less volatile data from 2005. Minimum, maximum and average VAR for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 do not reflect the revised VAR methodology for certain residential mortgage products introduced in early 2006.
| | Company’s Market Risk Exposures in Trading Portfolios | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 | | Three Months Ended June 30, 2005 | |
| | Minimum | | Maximum | | Average | | Minimum | | Maximum | | Average | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | (In millions) | | | | | |
99%, one-day VAR | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate and credit spread | | $ | 17 | | $ | 26 | | $ | 21 | | $ | 20 | | $ | 41 | | $ | 33 | |
Equity | | 16 | | 26 | | 20 | | 17 | | 23 | | 20 | |
Foreign exchange rate | | ― | | 2 | | 1 | | ― | | 1 | | ― | |
Commodity | | 3 | | 9 | | 6 | | 1 | | 5 | | 2 | |
Diversification benefit | | ― | (1) | ― | (1) | (20 | ) | ― | (1) | ― | (1) | (15 | ) |
Total | | $ | 22 | | $ | 34 | | $ | 28 | | $ | 32 | | $ | 47 | | $ | 40 | |
| | Company’s Market Risk Exposures in Trading Portfolios | |
| | Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 | | Six Months Ended June 30, 2005 | |
| | Minimum | | Maximum | | Average | | Minimum | | Maximum | | Average | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | (In millions) | | | | | |
99%, one-day VAR | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate and credit spread | | $ | 17 | | $ | 35 | | $ | 22 | | $ | 20 | | $ | 52 | | $ | 37 | |
Equity | | 16 | | 26 | | 20 | | 13 | | 23 | | 19 | |
Foreign exchange rate | | ― | | 2 | | 1 | | ― | | 4 | | 1 | |
Commodity | | 3 | | 11 | | 6 | | ― | | 5 | | 1 | |
Diversification benefit | | ― | (1) | ― | (1) | (20 | ) | ― | (1) | ― | (1) | (16 | ) |
Total | | $ | 22 | | $ | 42 | | $ | 29 | | $ | 32 | | $ | 55 | | $ | 42 | |
(1) | As the minimum and maximum occur on different days for different risk types, it is not meaningful to calculate a portfolio diversification benefit. |
The Company uses backtesting to assess the accuracy of the VAR model. Daily backtesting profit and loss is compared with VAR calculated using a one-day holding period. Backtesting profit and loss is a subset of actual trading revenue and includes only the profit and loss effects due to movements in financial market variables such as interest rates, equity prices and foreign exchange rates on the previous night’s positions. The Company had five backtesting exceptions during the second quarter of 2006 after a period of more than two years with no exceptions. These exceptions were primarily driven by equity and foreign exchange market volatility during the second quarter of 2006, which was significantly greater than the volatility within the trailing two year period of historic data used in the VAR model at that point in time. The recent market volatility is now included in the historic data used in the VAR model and the VAR model is subject to continuous assessment and evaluation to ensure it remains accurate given current market conditions and positions.
The average, maximum and minimum daily trading revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 are shown below:
| | Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 | | Three Months Ended June 30, 2005 | | Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 | | Six Months Ended June 30, 2005 | |
| | (In Millions) | |
Daily trading revenue | | | | | | | | | |
Average | | $ | 15 | | $ | 11 | | $ | 18 | | $ | 13 | |
Maximum | | $ | 66 | | $ | 48 | | $ | 66 | | $ | 64 | |
Minimum | | $ | (45 | ) | $ | (15 | ) | $ | (45 | ) | $ | (15 | ) |
For details of the Company’s average, maximum and minimum daily trading revenue for 2005, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk” in Part II, Item 7A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Non-trading Portfolios
The equity risk on non-trading positions, which is primarily comprised of private equity investments, is measured using sensitivity analysis that estimates the potential change in the recorded value of the investments resulting from a 10% decline in the equity markets of developed nations and a 20% decline in the equity markets of emerging market nations. The estimated impact of equity risk on our non-trading financial instruments portfolio would be a decrease in the value of the non-trading portfolio of approximately $118 million and $108 million as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively. The estimated impact of equity risk is net of the minority interests in certain consolidated private equity funds.
The interest rate risk on non-trading positions, which is primarily comprised of certain mortgage products, the Company’s long-term borrowings and their derivatives hedges, is measured using sensitivity analysis that estimates the potential change in the value of the non-trading portfolio resulting from a 50 basis point decline in the interest rates of developed nations and a 200 basis point decline in the interest rates of emerging market nations. The estimated impact of interest rate risk on the value of the non-trading portfolio would be a decrease of approximately $27 million and $21 million as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively. The losses under this interest rate scenario arise primarily from losses in the Company’s long-term borrowings and related hedges partially offset by gains from its portfolio of mortgage products.
We do not have material foreign exchange risk or commodity price risk in our non-trading portfolio.
Item 4: Controls and Procedures
Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial and Accounting Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act). There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon and as of the date of the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial and Accounting Officer concluded that the design and operation of these disclosure controls and procedures were effective in all material respects to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2006 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1: Legal Proceedings
Certain significant legal proceedings and matters have been previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 and the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2006. The following is an update of such proceedings.
In re Issuer Plaintiff Initial Public Offering Fee Antitrust Litigation
On May 1, 2006, the plaintiffs in the In re Issuer Plaintiff Initial Public Offering Fee Antitrust Litigation petitioned the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit to review the U.S. District Court’s decision, dated April 18, 2006, denying the plaintiff’s motion for class certification.
Litigation Relating to IPO Allocation
On June 6, 2006, in the In re Initial Public Offering Securities Litigation, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit heard oral argument on defendants’ appeal of the U.S. District Court’s class certification order.
Adelphia Communications Corporation Litigation
On June 15, 2006, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York preliminarily approved a settlement between the plaintiffs and the underwriter and bank defendants in the federal securities class action litigation. The district court scheduled a fairness hearing for November 10, 2006. The settlement is covered by existing reserves.
Short Selling Litigation
In April 2006, two putative class action complaints were filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against numerous investment banks, including CS Securities, alleging that the bank defendants charged their prime brokerage customers fees, commissions, and/or interest payments for covering short positions when, in fact, the defendants did not cover them and also conspired not to effect buy-ins on delivery failures relating to short sales. The complaint includes claims for violation of antitrust law, breach of fiduciary duty and breach of contract.
In June 2006, numerous alleged shareholders of Novastar Financial, Inc. filed a complaint against the same bank defendants in the Superior Court of California for San Francisco County alleging that the defendants participated in a market manipulation scheme in which they intentionally failed to deliver shares of Novastar on short sales, thus allegedly giving rise to liability under California's state securities laws and unfair business practice statute.
Enron-related Litigation and Inquiries
On June 26, 2006, CS Securities filed a motion for summary judgment in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas to dismiss the putative class action filed by purchasers of Enron securities alleging violations of the federal securities laws (the Newby action). The district court certified a class in that action on July 5, 2006. On July 18, 2006, CS Securities and other defendants petitioned for leave to appeal the class certification ruling to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
Refco-related Litigation
On July 10, 2006, in the In re Refco, Inc. Securities Litigation, certain underwriter defendants, including CS Securities, filed a motion in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York to dismiss plaintiffs' claims related to the private placement, and subsequent exchange offer, of Refco bonds in 2004.
Other
The Company has provided reserves for litigation, claims and proceedings involving the Company in accordance with SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies.” The Company recorded in the second quarter of 2005 a $750 million litigation charge to increase the reserve for private litigation involving Enron, certain IPO allocation practices, research analyst independence and other related litigation. This charge, coupled with the charge recorded in 2002, brings the Company’s reserves for these private litigation matters to $1.0 billion after the application of settlements as of June 30, 2006.
We are involved in a number of judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings (including those described above) concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of our businesses. Some of these actions have been brought on behalf of various classes of claimants and seek damages of material and/or indeterminate amounts. We believe, based on currently available information and advice of counsel, that the results of such proceedings, in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition but might be material to operating results for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period. The Company intends to defend itself vigorously in these matters, litigating or settling when determined by management to be in the best interests of the Company.
It is inherently difficult to predict the outcome of many of these matters. In presenting the condensed consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates regarding the outcome of these matters and records a reserve and takes a charge to income when losses with respect to such matters are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and currently available information and involve a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the type and nature of the litigation, claim or proceeding, the progress of the matter, the advice of legal counsel, the Company’s defenses and its experience in similar cases or proceedings as well as its assessment of matters, including settlements, involving other defendants in similar or related cases or proceedings. Further litigation charges or releases of litigation reserves may be necessary in the future as developments in such cases or proceedings warrant.
Item 1A: Risk Factors
There are no material changes from the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A, in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Items 2, 3 and 4:
Pursuant to General Instruction H of Form 10-Q, the information required by Items 2, 3 and 4 is omitted.
Item 6: Exhibits
| 12 | | Statement re computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges |
| 15 | | Letter re unaudited interim financial information |
| 31.1 | | Rule 13a-14(a) certification of Chief Executive Officer |
| 31.2 | | Rule 13a-14(a) certification of Chief Financial and Accounting Officer |
| 32 | | Section 1350 certifications |
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Credit Suisse (USA), Inc. |
| | |
| | |
August 8, 2006 | By: | /s/ David C. Fisher |
| | Chief Financial and Accounting Officer (On behalf of the Registrant and as Principal Financial Officer) |
| | |
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number | | Description |
12 | | Computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges |
15 | | Letter re unaudited interim financial information |
31.1 | | Rule 13a-14(a) certification of Chief Executive Officer |
31.2 | | Rule 13a-14(a) certification of Chief Financial and Accounting Officer |
32 | | Section 1350 certifications |