Mortgage Loans | Mortgage Loans We own single-family mortgage loans, which are secured by four or fewer residential dwelling units, and multifamily mortgage loans, which are secured by five or more residential dwelling units. We classify these loans as either held for investment (“HFI”) or held for sale (“HFS”). We report the carrying value of HFI loans at the unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized premiums and discounts, other cost basis adjustments, and an allowance for loan losses. We report the carrying value of HFS loans at the lower of cost or fair value and record valuation changes in “Investment gains, net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. We define the recorded investment of HFI loans as unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized premiums and discounts, other cost basis adjustments, and accrued interest receivable. For purposes of the single-family mortgage loan disclosures below, we define “primary” class as mortgage loans that are not included in other loan classes; “government” class as mortgage loans guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government or one of its agencies, that are not Alt-A; and “other” class as loans with higher-risk characteristics, such as interest-only loans and negative-amortizing loans, that are neither government nor Alt-A. The following table displays the carrying value of our mortgage loans. As of September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 Of Fannie Mae Of Consolidated Trusts Total Of Fannie Mae Of Consolidated Trusts Total (Dollars in millions) Single-family $ 221,384 $ 2,586,398 $ 2,807,782 $ 238,237 $ 2,574,174 $ 2,812,411 Multifamily 10,678 211,182 221,860 13,099 185,243 198,342 Total unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans 232,062 2,797,580 3,029,642 251,336 2,759,417 3,010,753 Cost basis and fair value adjustments, net (11,707 ) 53,732 42,025 (12,939 ) 49,781 36,842 Allowance for loan losses for loans held for investment (21,858 ) (848 ) (22,706 ) (26,510 ) (1,441 ) (27,951 ) Total mortgage loans $ 198,497 $ 2,850,464 $ 3,048,961 $ 211,887 $ 2,807,757 $ 3,019,644 During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 , we redesignated loans with a carrying value of $652 million and $2.3 billion , respectively, from HFI to HFS. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 , we redesignated loans with a carrying value of $1.3 billion and $5.9 billion , respectively, from HFI to HFS. We sold loans with an unpaid principal balance of $1.6 billion and $4.2 billion during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 , respectively. We sold loans with an unpaid principal balance of $1.9 billion and $2.5 billion during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 , respectively. The recorded investment of single-family mortgage loans for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process was $19.5 billion and $25.6 billion as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. As a result of our various loss mitigation and foreclosure prevention efforts, we expect that a portion of the loans in the process of formal foreclosure proceedings will not ultimately foreclose. Nonaccrual Loans We discontinue accruing interest on loans when we believe collectibility of principal or interest is not reasonably assured, which for a single-family loan we have determined, based on our historical experience, to be when the loan becomes two months or more past due according to its contractual terms. Interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed through interest income at the date a loan is placed on nonaccrual status. We return a non-modified single-family loan to accrual status at the point that the borrower brings the loan current. We return a modified single-family loan to accrual status at the point that the borrower successfully makes all required payments during the trial period (generally three to four months) and the modification is made permanent. We place a multifamily loan on nonaccrual status when the loan becomes three months or more past due according to its contractual terms or is deemed to be individually impaired, unless the loan is well secured such that collectibility of principal and accrued interest is reasonably assured. We return a multifamily loan to accrual status when the borrower cures the delinquency of the loan or we otherwise determine that the loan is well secured such that collectibility is reasonably assured. Aging Analysis The following tables display an aging analysis of the total recorded investment in our HFI mortgage loans by portfolio segment and class, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option. As of September 30, 2016 30 - 59 Days Delinquent 60 - 89 Days Delinquent Seriously Delinquent (1) Total Delinquent Current Total Recorded Investment in Loans 90 Days or More Delinquent and Accruing Interest Recorded Investment in Nonaccrual Loans (Dollars in millions) Single-family: Primary $ 29,741 $ 7,505 $ 21,501 $ 58,747 $ 2,625,085 $ 2,683,832 $ 24 $ 32,806 Government (2) 54 23 264 341 37,698 38,039 264 — Alt-A 3,706 1,131 4,607 9,444 76,207 85,651 2 6,386 Other 1,401 450 1,654 3,505 27,778 31,283 6 2,337 Total single-family 34,902 9,109 28,026 72,037 2,766,768 2,838,805 296 41,529 Multifamily (3) 25 N/A 163 188 223,917 224,105 — 498 Total $ 34,927 $ 9,109 $ 28,189 $ 72,225 $ 2,990,685 $ 3,062,910 $ 296 $ 42,027 As of December 31, 2015 30 - 59 Days Delinquent 60 - 89 Days Delinquent Seriously Delinquent (1) Total Delinquent Current Total Recorded Investment in Loans 90 Days or More Delinquent and Accruing Interest Recorded Investment in Nonaccrual Loans (Dollars in millions) Single-family: Primary $ 29,154 $ 7,937 $ 26,346 $ 63,437 $ 2,598,756 $ 2,662,193 $ 46 $ 34,216 Government (2) 58 24 291 373 40,461 40,834 291 — Alt-A 4,085 1,272 6,141 11,498 84,603 96,101 6 7,407 Other 1,494 484 2,160 4,138 32,272 36,410 6 2,632 Total single-family 34,791 9,717 34,938 79,446 2,756,092 2,835,538 349 44,255 Multifamily (3) 23 N/A 123 146 200,028 200,174 — 591 Total $ 34,814 $ 9,717 $ 35,061 $ 79,592 $ 2,956,120 $ 3,035,712 $ 349 $ 44,846 __________ (1) Single-family seriously delinquent loans are loans that are 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process. Multifamily seriously delinquent loans are loans that are 60 days or more past due. (2) Primarily consists of reverse mortgages, which due to their nature, are not aged and are included in the current column. (3) Multifamily loans 60 - 89 days delinquent are included in the seriously delinquent column. Credit Quality Indicators The following table displays the total recorded investment in our single-family HFI loans by class and credit quality indicator, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option. As of September 30, 2016 (1) December 31, 2015 (1) Primary Alt-A Other Primary Alt-A Other (Dollars in millions) Estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio: (2) Less than or equal to 80% $ 2,313,365 $ 58,287 $ 20,442 $ 2,228,533 $ 59,000 $ 21,274 Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% 233,787 10,291 3,966 250,373 12,588 4,936 Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100% 98,865 7,156 2,818 122,939 9,345 3,861 Greater than 100% and less than or equal to 110% 18,071 4,405 1,805 27,875 6,231 2,596 Greater than 110% and less than or equal to 120% 9,071 2,436 1,012 14,625 3,730 1,592 Greater than 120% and less than or equal to 125% 2,721 791 307 4,520 1,260 545 Greater than 125% 7,952 2,285 933 13,328 3,947 1,606 Total $ 2,683,832 $ 85,651 $ 31,283 $ 2,662,193 $ 96,101 $ 36,410 __________ (1) Excludes $38.0 billion and $40.8 billion as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively, of mortgage loans guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government or one of its agencies, that are not Alt-A loans. The segment class is primarily reverse mortgages for which we do not calculate an estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio. (2) The aggregate estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio is based on the unpaid principal balance of the loan as of the end of each reported period divided by the estimated current value of the property, which we calculate using an internal valuation model that estimates periodic changes in home value. The following table displays the total recorded investment in our multifamily HFI loans by credit quality indicator, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option. As of September 30, December 31, 2016 2015 (Dollars in millions) Credit risk profile by internally assigned grade: (1) Pass $ 219,613 $ 194,132 Special mention 1,851 3,202 Substandard 2,637 2,833 Doubtful 4 7 Total $ 224,105 $ 200,174 _________ (1) Pass (loan is current and adequately protected by the current financial strength and debt service capacity of the borrower); special mention (loan with signs of potential weakness); substandard (loan with a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the timely full repayment); and doubtful (loan with a weakness that makes collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable based on existing conditions and values). Individually Impaired Loans Individually impaired loans include troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”), acquired credit-impaired loans and multifamily loans that we have assessed as probable that we will not collect all contractual amounts due, regardless of whether we are currently accruing interest; excluding loans classified as HFS. The following tables display the total unpaid principal balance, recorded investment, related allowance, average recorded investment and interest income recognized for individually impaired loans. As of September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 Unpaid Principal Balance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance for Loan Losses Unpaid Principal Balance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance for Loan Losses (Dollars in millions) Individually impaired loans: With related allowance recorded: Single-family: Primary $ 107,455 $ 102,148 $ 14,034 $ 116,477 $ 110,502 $ 16,745 Government 302 306 58 322 327 59 Alt-A 29,294 26,763 5,204 31,888 29,103 6,217 Other 11,627 11,010 1,989 12,893 12,179 2,416 Total single-family 148,678 140,227 21,285 161,580 152,111 25,437 Multifamily 447 450 41 650 654 80 Total individually impaired loans with related allowance recorded 149,125 140,677 21,326 162,230 152,765 25,517 With no related allowance recorded: (1) Single-family: Primary 16,798 15,574 — 15,891 14,725 — Government 66 62 — 58 54 — Alt-A 3,892 3,325 — 3,721 3,169 — Other 1,256 1,119 — 1,222 1,102 — Total single-family 22,012 20,080 — 20,892 19,050 — Multifamily 315 316 — 353 354 — Total individually impaired loans with no related allowance recorded 22,327 20,396 — 21,245 19,404 — Total individually impaired loans (2) $ 171,452 $ 161,073 $ 21,326 $ 183,475 $ 172,169 $ 25,517 For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 2015 Average Recorded Investment Total Interest Income Recognized (3) Interest Income Recognized on a Cash Basis Average Recorded Investment Total Interest Income Recognized (3) Interest Income Recognized on a Cash Basis (Dollars in millions) Individually impaired loans: With related allowance recorded: Single-family: Primary $ 103,523 $ 992 $ 68 $ 113,634 $ 1,090 $ 71 Government 310 3 — 299 3 — Alt-A 27,115 250 10 30,041 272 14 Other 11,220 91 4 12,652 95 6 Total single-family 142,168 1,336 82 156,626 1,460 91 Multifamily 492 3 — 878 9 — Total individually impaired loans with related allowance recorded 142,660 1,339 82 157,504 1,469 91 With no related allowance recorded: (1) Single-family: Primary 15,534 320 19 15,627 279 16 Government 61 1 — 53 1 — Alt-A 3,312 81 — 3,674 64 1 Other 1,115 27 — 1,259 21 — Total single-family 20,022 429 19 20,613 365 17 Multifamily 311 3 — 386 5 — Total individually impaired loans with no related allowance recorded 20,333 432 19 20,999 370 17 Total individually impaired loans $ 162,993 $ 1,771 $ 101 $ 178,503 $ 1,839 $ 108 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 2015 Average Recorded Investment Total Interest Income Recognized (3) Interest Income Recognized on a Cash Basis Average Recorded Investment Total Interest Income Recognized (3) Interest Income Recognized on a Cash Basis (Dollars in millions) Individually impaired loans: With related allowance recorded: Single-family: Primary $ 106,498 $ 3,028 $ 243 $ 115,762 $ 3,152 $ 248 Government 317 9 — 290 9 — Alt-A 27,899 759 40 30,760 774 41 Other 11,622 276 15 13,030 282 15 Total single-family 146,336 4,072 298 159,842 4,217 304 Multifamily 555 21 — 1,053 15 — Total individually impaired loans with related allowance recorded 146,891 4,093 298 160,895 4,232 304 With no related allowance recorded: (1) Single-family: Primary 15,398 915 69 15,967 779 76 Government 59 3 — 55 3 — Alt-A 3,350 224 8 3,720 158 8 Other 1,128 79 3 1,287 56 2 Total single-family 19,935 1,221 80 21,029 996 86 Multifamily 330 9 — 463 8 — Total individually impaired loans with no related allowance recorded 20,265 1,230 80 21,492 1,004 86 Total individually impaired loans $ 167,156 $ 5,323 $ 378 $ 182,387 $ 5,236 $ 390 __________ (1) The discounted cash flows or collateral value equals or exceeds the carrying value of the loan and, as such, no valuation allowance is required. (2) Includes single-family loans restructured in a TDR with a recorded investment of $159.6 billion and $170.3 billion as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively. Includes multifamily loans restructured in a TDR with a recorded investment of $324 million and $451 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively. (3) Total single-family interest income recognized of $1.8 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2016 consists of $1.4 billion of contractual interest and $320 million of effective yield adjustments. Total single-family interest income recognized of $1.8 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2015 consists of $1.5 billion of contractual interest and $327 million of effective yield adjustments. Total single-family interest income recognized of $5.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 consists of $4.3 billion of contractual interest and $961 million of effective yield adjustments. Total single-family interest income recognized of $5.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 consists of $4.3 billion of contractual interest and $907 million of effective yield adjustments. Troubled Debt Restructurings A modification to the contractual terms of a loan that results in granting a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties is considered a TDR. In addition to formal loan modifications, we also engage in other loss mitigation activities with troubled borrowers, which include repayment plans and forbearance arrangements, both of which represent informal agreements with the borrower that do not result in the legal modification of the loan’s contractual terms. We account for these informal restructurings as a TDR if we defer more than three missed payments. We also classify loans to certain borrowers who have received bankruptcy relief as TDRs. The substantial majority of the loan modifications we complete result in term extensions, interest rate reductions or a combination of both. During the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 , the average term extension of a single-family modified loan was 153 months and 159 months , respectively, and the average interest rate reduction was 0.82 and 0.69 percentage points, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 , the average term extension of a single-family modified loan was 157 months and 161 months , respectively, and the average interest rate reduction was 0.76 and 0.75 percentage points, respectively. The following tables display the number of loans and recorded investment in loans restructured in a TDR. For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 2015 Number of Loans Recorded Investment Number of Loans Recorded Investment (Dollars in millions) Single-family: Primary 13,983 $ 1,922 14,926 $ 2,021 Government 54 5 54 6 Alt-A 1,578 227 1,805 268 Other 317 57 324 57 Total single-family 15,932 2,211 17,109 2,352 Multifamily 2 5 3 10 Total TDRs 15,934 $ 2,216 17,112 $ 2,362 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 2015 Number of Loans Recorded Investment Number of Loans Recorded Investment (Dollars in millions) Single-family: Primary 45,987 $ 6,282 54,284 $ 7,443 Government 136 14 192 22 Alt-A 5,112 735 7,127 1,101 Other 1,078 190 1,453 265 Total single-family 52,313 7,221 63,056 8,831 Multifamily 6 50 7 16 Total TDRs 52,319 $ 7,271 63,063 $ 8,847 The following tables display the number of loans and our recorded investment in these loans at the time of payment default for loans that were restructured in a TDR in the twelve months prior to the payment default. For purposes of this disclosure, we define loans that had a payment default as: single-family and multifamily loans with completed TDRs that liquidated during the period, either through foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure or a short sale; single-family loans with completed modifications that are two or more months delinquent during the period; or multifamily loans with completed modifications that are one or more months delinquent during the period. For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 2015 Number of Loans Recorded Investment Number of Loans Recorded Investment (Dollars in millions) Single-family: Primary 5,268 $ 734 6,847 $ 1,003 Government 31 4 31 3 Alt-A 734 116 1,052 183 Other 235 41 328 65 Total single-family 6,268 895 8,258 1,254 Multifamily — — — — Total TDRs that subsequently defaulted 6,268 $ 895 8,258 $ 1,254 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 2015 Number of Loans Recorded Investment Number of Loans Recorded Investment (Dollars in millions) Single-family: Primary 15,377 $ 2,174 19,726 $ 2,870 Government 73 9 88 12 Alt-A 2,342 376 3,168 537 Other 767 130 922 186 Total single-family 18,559 2,689 23,904 3,605 Multifamily — — 3 6 Total TDRs that subsequently defaulted 18,559 $ 2,689 23,907 $ 3,611 |