Mortgage Loans | Mortgage Loans We own single-family mortgage loans, which are secured by four or fewer residential dwelling units, and multifamily mortgage loans, which are secured by five or more residential dwelling units. We classify these loans as either held for investment (“HFI”) or held for sale (“HFS”). We report the carrying value of HFI loans at the unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized premiums and discounts, other cost basis adjustments, and an allowance for loan losses. We report the carrying value of HFS loans at the lower of cost or fair value and record valuation changes in “ Investment gains, net ” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. We define the recorded investment of HFI loans as unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized premiums and discounts, other cost basis adjustments, and accrued interest receivable. For purposes of the single-family mortgage loan disclosures in this footnote, we define “primary” class as mortgage loans that are not included in other loan classes; “government” class as mortgage loans that are guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government or one of its agencies, and that are not Alt-A; and “other” class as loans with higher-risk characteristics, such as interest-only loans and negative-amortizing loans, that are neither government nor Alt-A. The following table displays the carrying value of our mortgage loans. As of June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 (Dollars in millions) Single-family $ 2,910,803 $ 2,890,634 Multifamily 275,797 265,069 Total unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans 3,186,600 3,155,703 Cost basis and fair value adjustments, net 38,836 41,906 Allowance for loan losses for loans held for investment (16,812 ) (19,084 ) Total mortgage loans $ 3,208,624 $ 3,178,525 The following table displays information about our redesignated mortgage loans. For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 (Dollars in millions) Carrying value of loans redesignated from HFI to HFS $ 6,235 $ 2,879 $ 13,602 $ 5,422 Carrying value of loans redesignated from HFS to HFI 12 17 30 52 Loans sold - unpaid principal balance 3,710 2,947 4,458 3,040 Realized gains on sale of mortgage loans 210 55 208 53 The recorded investment of single-family mortgage loans for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process was $12.0 billion and $13.0 billion as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. As a result of our various loss mitigation and foreclosure prevention efforts, we expect that a portion of the loans in the process of formal foreclosure proceedings will not ultimately foreclose. Nonaccrual Loans We discontinue accruing interest on loans when we believe collectibility of principal or interest is not reasonably assured, which for a single-family loan we have determined, based on our historical experience, to be when the loan becomes two months or more past due according to its contractual terms. Interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed through interest income at the date a loan is placed on nonaccrual status. We return a non-modified single-family loan to accrual status at the point that the borrower brings the loan current. We return a modified single-family loan to accrual status at the point that the borrower successfully makes all required payments during the trial period (generally three to four months) and the modification is made permanent. We place a multifamily loan on nonaccrual status when the loan becomes three months or more past due according to its contractual terms or is deemed to be individually impaired, unless the loan is well secured such that collectibility of principal and accrued interest is reasonably assured. We return a multifamily loan to accrual status when the borrower cures the delinquency of the loan or we otherwise determine that the loan is well secured such that collectibility is reasonably assured. Aging Analysis The following tables display an aging analysis of the total recorded investment in our HFI mortgage loans by portfolio segment and class, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option. As of June 30, 2018 30 - 59 Days Delinquent 60 - 89 Days Delinquent Seriously Delinquent (1) Total Delinquent Current Total Recorded Investment in Loans 90 Days or More Delinquent and Accruing Interest Recorded Investment in Nonaccrual Loans (Dollars in millions) Single-family: Primary $ 28,773 $ 6,876 $ 17,962 $ 53,611 $ 2,776,694 $ 2,830,305 $ 29 $ 28,570 Government (2) 49 17 185 251 24,068 24,319 185 — Alt-A 2,569 876 2,485 5,930 53,395 59,325 4 3,854 Other 935 313 941 2,189 15,901 18,090 3 1,417 Total single-family 32,326 8,082 21,573 61,981 2,870,058 2,932,039 221 33,841 Multifamily (3) 13 N/A 347 360 277,107 277,467 — 619 Total $ 32,339 $ 8,082 $ 21,920 $ 62,341 $ 3,147,165 $ 3,209,506 $ 221 $ 34,460 As of December 31, 2017 30 - 59 Days Delinquent 60 - 89 Days Delinquent Seriously Delinquent (1) Total Delinquent Current Total Recorded Investment in Loans 90 Days or More Delinquent and Accruing Interest Recorded Investment in Nonaccrual Loans (Dollars in millions) Single-family: Primary $ 35,582 $ 10,396 $ 23,999 $ 69,977 $ 2,732,818 $ 2,802,795 $ 87 $ 37,971 Government (2) 55 21 206 282 30,807 31,089 206 — Alt-A 3,186 1,147 3,418 7,751 59,475 67,226 5 5,094 Other 1,185 411 1,252 2,848 19,016 21,864 5 1,834 Total single-family 40,008 11,975 28,875 80,858 2,842,116 2,922,974 303 44,899 Multifamily (3) 26 N/A 276 302 266,699 267,001 — 424 Total $ 40,034 $ 11,975 $ 29,151 $ 81,160 $ 3,108,815 $ 3,189,975 $ 303 $ 45,323 __________ (1) Single-family seriously delinquent loans are loans that are 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process. Multifamily seriously delinquent loans are loans that are 60 days or more past due. (2) Primarily consists of reverse mortgages, which due to their nature, are not aged and are included in the current column. (3) Multifamily loans 60 - 89 days delinquent are included in the seriously delinquent column. Credit Quality Indicators The following table displays the total recorded investment in our single-family HFI loans by class and credit quality indicator, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option. As of June 30, 2018 (1) December 31, 2017 (1) Primary Alt-A Other Primary Alt-A Other (Dollars in millions) Estimated mark-to-market loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio: (2) Less than or equal to 80% $ 2,516,133 $ 49,011 $ 14,537 $ 2,439,858 $ 51,903 $ 16,428 Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% 218,193 4,846 1,585 238,038 6,680 2,277 Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100% 83,243 2,675 940 106,076 4,044 1,443 Greater than 100% 12,736 2,793 1,028 18,823 4,599 1,716 Total $ 2,830,305 $ 59,325 $ 18,090 $ 2,802,795 $ 67,226 $ 21,864 __________ (1) Excludes $24.3 billion and $31.1 billion as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively, of mortgage loans guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government or one of its agencies, that are not Alt-A loans. The segment class is primarily reverse mortgages for which we do not calculate an estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio. (2) The aggregate estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio is based on the unpaid principal balance of the loan as of the end of each reported period divided by the estimated current value of the property, which we calculate using an internal valuation model that estimates periodic changes in home value. The following table displays the total recorded investment in our multifamily HFI loans by credit quality indicator, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option. As of June 30, December 31, 2018 2017 (Dollars in millions) Credit risk profile by internally assigned grade: Non-classified $ 273,064 $ 263,416 Classified (1) 4,403 3,585 Total $ 277,467 $ 267,001 _________ (1) Represents loans classified as “Substandard,” which have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the timely full repayment. Loans with a weakness that makes collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable based on existing conditions and values are referred to as “Doubtful.” We had no loans classified as doubtful for the periods indicated. Individually Impaired Loans Individually impaired loans include troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”), acquired credit-impaired loans and multifamily loans that we have assessed as probable that we will not collect all contractual amounts due, regardless of whether we are currently accruing interest; excluding loans classified as HFS. The following tables display the total unpaid principal balance, recorded investment, related allowance, average recorded investment and interest income recognized for individually impaired loans. As of June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Unpaid Principal Balance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance for Loan Losses Unpaid Principal Balance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance for Loan Losses (Dollars in millions) Individually impaired loans: With related allowance recorded: Single-family: Primary $ 89,828 $ 86,148 $ (11,258 ) $ 91,194 $ 86,864 $ (11,652 ) Government 274 279 (58 ) 276 279 (56 ) Alt-A 19,098 17,475 (3,314 ) 23,077 21,045 (4,046 ) Other 6,900 6,504 (1,252 ) 8,488 8,006 (1,493 ) Total single-family 116,100 110,406 (15,882 ) 123,035 116,194 (17,247 ) Multifamily 229 230 (39 ) 279 280 (42 ) Total individually impaired loans with related allowance recorded 116,329 110,636 (15,921 ) 123,314 116,474 (17,289 ) With no related allowance recorded: (1) Single-family: Primary 15,904 15,086 — 16,027 15,158 — Government 61 56 — 66 60 — Alt-A 2,915 2,608 — 3,253 2,870 — Other 868 803 — 988 909 — Total single-family 19,748 18,553 — 20,334 18,997 — Multifamily 354 356 — 308 310 — Total individually impaired loans with no related allowance recorded 20,102 18,909 — 20,642 19,307 — Total individually impaired loans (2) $ 136,431 $ 129,545 $ (15,921 ) $ 143,956 $ 135,781 $ (17,289 ) For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 Average Recorded Investment Total Interest Income Recognized (3) Interest Income Recognized on a Cash Basis Average Recorded Investment Total Interest Income Recognized (3) Interest Income Recognized on a Cash Basis (Dollars in millions) Individually impaired loans: With related allowance recorded: Single-family: Primary $ 88,526 $ 915 $ 109 $ 94,599 $ 955 $ 77 Government 279 9 — 295 2 — Alt-A 19,349 219 16 24,249 240 14 Other 7,265 73 6 9,419 82 5 Total single-family 115,419 1,216 131 128,562 1,279 96 Multifamily 232 1 — 259 4 — Total individually impaired loans with related allowance recorded 115,651 1,217 131 128,821 1,283 96 With no related allowance recorded: (1) Single-family: Primary 14,942 243 32 15,091 273 24 Government 57 2 — 61 1 — Alt-A 2,723 61 5 3,026 67 2 Other 857 15 1 1,016 21 1 Total single-family 18,579 321 38 19,194 362 27 Multifamily 355 1 — 284 7 — Total individually impaired loans with no related allowance recorded 18,934 322 38 19,478 369 27 Total individually impaired loans $ 134,585 $ 1,539 $ 169 $ 148,299 $ 1,652 $ 123 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 Average Recorded Investment Total Interest Income Recognized (3) Interest Income Recognized on a Cash Basis Average Recorded Investment Total Interest Income Recognized (3) Interest Income Recognized on a Cash Basis (Dollars in millions) Individually impaired loans: With related allowance recorded: Single-family: Primary $ 88,342 $ 1,826 $ 216 $ 96,395 $ 1,941 $ 165 Government 278 12 — 298 5 — Alt-A 20,020 431 32 24,896 489 29 Other 7,556 144 11 9,805 169 10 Total single-family 116,196 2,413 259 131,394 2,604 204 Multifamily 248 1 — 280 6 — Total individually impaired loans with related allowance recorded 116,444 2,414 259 131,674 2,610 204 With no related allowance recorded: (1) Single-family: Primary 14,988 486 58 15,050 562 47 Government 58 2 — 61 2 — Alt-A 2,781 119 9 3,056 140 5 Other 878 31 2 1,041 44 2 Total single-family 18,705 638 69 19,208 748 54 Multifamily 340 3 — 278 10 — Total individually impaired loans with no related allowance recorded 19,045 641 69 19,486 758 54 Total individually impaired loans $ 135,489 $ 3,055 $ 328 $ 151,160 $ 3,368 $ 258 __________ (1) The discounted cash flows or collateral value equals or exceeds the carrying value of the loan and, as such, no valuation allowance is required. (2) Includes single-family loans classified as TDRs with a recorded investment of $128.5 billion and $134.7 billion as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. Includes multifamily loans classified as TDRs with a recorded investment of $211 million and $185 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. (3) Total single-family interest income recognized of $1.5 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2018 consists of $1.4 billion of contractual interest and $186 million of effective yield adjustments. Total single-family interest income recognized of $1.7 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2017 consists of $1.5 billion of contractual interest and $229 million of effective yield adjustments. Total single-family interest income recognized of $3.1 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2018 consists of $2.7 billion of contractual interest and $352 million of effective yield adjustments. Total single-family interest income recognized of $3.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017 consists of $2.9 billion of contractual interest and $497 million of effective yield adjustments. Troubled Debt Restructurings A modification to the contractual terms of a loan that results in granting a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties is considered a TDR. In addition to formal loan modifications, we also engage in other loss mitigation activities with troubled borrowers, which include repayment plans and forbearance arrangements, both of which represent informal agreements with the borrower that do not result in the legal modification of the loan’s contractual terms. We account for these informal restructurings as a TDR if we defer more than three missed payments. We also classify loans to certain borrowers who have received bankruptcy relief as TDRs. The substantial majority of the loan modifications we complete result in term extensions, interest rate reductions or a combination of both. During the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , the average term extension of a single-family modified loan was 128 months and 155 months , respectively, and the average interest rate reduction was 0.13 and 0.67 percentage points, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , the average term extension of a single-family modified loan was 133 months and 154 months , respectively, and the average interest rate reduction was 0.18 and 0.80 percentage points, respectively. The following tables display the number of loans and recorded investment in loans classified as a TDR. For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 Number of Loans Recorded Investment Number of Loans Recorded Investment (Dollars in millions) Single-family: Primary 21,820 $ 3,148 14,148 $ 1,945 Government 26 2 45 4 Alt-A 1,538 200 1,328 194 Other 285 52 271 46 Total single-family 23,669 3,402 15,792 2,189 Multifamily 2 19 3 17 Total TDRs 23,671 $ 3,421 15,795 $ 2,206 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 Number of Loans Recorded Investment Number of Loans Recorded Investment (Dollars in millions) Single-family: Primary 63,499 $ 9,672 31,383 $ 4,308 Government 74 6 106 10 Alt-A 3,720 483 2,893 418 Other 730 136 580 99 Total single-family 68,023 10,297 34,962 4,835 Multifamily 10 61 3 17 Total TDRs 68,033 $ 10,358 34,965 $ 4,852 The increase in loans classified as TDRs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 compared with the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was primarily attributable to single-family loan modifications and other forms of loss mitigation in the areas affected by Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria that resulted in a restructuring of the terms of these loans. he following tables display the number of loans and our recorded investment in these loans at the time of payment default. For purposes of this disclosure, we define loans that had a payment default as: single-family and multifamily loans with completed TDRs that liquidated during the period, either through foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, or a short sale; single-family loans with completed modifications that are two or more months delinquent during the period; or multifamily loans with completed modifications that are one or more months delinquent during the period. For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 Number of Loans Recorded Investment Number of Loans Recorded Investment (Dollars in millions) Single-family: Primary 3,834 $ 554 4,238 $ 589 Government 15 2 25 3 Alt-A 588 92 616 97 Other 131 26 150 30 Total TDRs that subsequently defaulted 4,568 $ 674 5,029 $ 719 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 Number of Loans Recorded Investment Number of Loans Recorded Investment (Dollars in millions) Single-family: Primary 8,652 $ 1,255 8,717 $ 1,210 Government 29 4 44 5 Alt-A 1,265 201 1,230 193 Other 326 64 351 68 Total single-family 10,272 1,524 10,342 1,476 Multifamily 1 2 1 4 Total TDRs that subsequently defaulted 10,273 $ 1,526 10,343 $ 1,480 |