Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) 10-K 2024 FY Annual report

0000310522us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMembersrt:ParentCompanyMember2023-12-31

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

☑ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024

OR

☐  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

          For the transition period fromto

Commission file number: 0-50231

Federal National Mortgage Association

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Fannie Mae

Federally chartered corporation	52-0883107	1100 15th Street, NW			800	232-6643
		Washington,	DC	20005
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)	(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)			(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
None	N/A	N/A

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: 

Common Stock, without par value

8.25% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series T, stated value $25 per share

Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series S, stated value $25 per share

7.625% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series R, stated value $25 per share

6.75% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series Q, stated value $25 per share

Variable Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series P, stated value $25 per share

Variable Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series O, stated value $50 per share

5.375% Non-Cumulative Convertible Series 2004-1 Preferred Stock, stated value $100,000 per share

5.50% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series N, stated value $50 per share

4.75% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series M, stated value $50 per share

5.125% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series L, stated value $50 per share

5.375% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series I, stated value $50 per share

5.81% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series H, stated value $50 per share

Variable Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series G, stated value $50 per share

Variable Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series F, stated value $50 per share

5.10% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E, stated value $50 per share

5.25% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series D, stated value $50 per share

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨      No  þ

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨        No  þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing

requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes þ     No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation

S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes þ     No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging

growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of

the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☑	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised

financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over

financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit

report. ☑

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect

the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any

of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐  No ☑

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the closing price of the common stock quoted on the OTCQB on

June 28, 2024 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter) was approximately $1.7 billion.

As of February 1, 2025, there were 1,158,087,567 shares of common stock of the registrant outstanding.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K i

Table of Contents
		Page
PART I
Item 1.	Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	1
	About Fannie Mae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	1
	Financial Results Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	2
	Business Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	3
	Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5
	Mortgage Securitizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5
	Human Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	6
	Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	7
	Legislation and Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	12
	Where You Can Find Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	20
	Forward-Looking Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	20
Item 1A.	Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	23
	Risk Factors Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	23
	GSE and Conservatorship Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	25
	Credit Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	31
	Operational and Model Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	37
	Liquidity Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	41
	Market and Industry Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	42
	Legal and Regulatory Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	44
	General Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	46
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	46
Item 1C.	Cybersecurity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	46
Item 2.	Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	49
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	49
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	50
PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	51
Item 6.	[Reserved] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	52
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	53
	Key Market Economic Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	53
	Consolidated Results of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	57
	Consolidated Balance Sheet Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	68
	Retained Mortgage Portfolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	69
	Guaranty Book of Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	71
	Business Segment Financial Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	72
	Single-Family Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	75
	Single-Family Primary Business Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	75
	Single-Family Lenders and Investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	76
	Single-Family Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	76
	Single-Family Mortgage Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	77
	Single-Family Mortgage-Related Securities Issuances Share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	78
	Single-Family Business Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	78
	Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	80

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K ii

	Multifamily Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	99
	Multifamily Primary Business Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	99
	Multifamily Lenders and Investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	102
	Multifamily Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	102
	Multifamily Mortgage Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	103
	Multifamily Mortgage Acquisition Share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	104
	Multifamily Business Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	105
	Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	107
	Consolidated Credit Ratios and Select Credit Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	116
	Liquidity and Capital Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	117
	Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	127
	Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	127
	Credit Risk Management Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	129
	Mortgage Credit Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	129
	Institutional Counterparty Credit Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	129
	Climate and Natural Disaster Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	138
	Market Risk Management, including Interest-Rate Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	139
	Liquidity Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	144
	Operational Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	144
	Model Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	144
	Critical Accounting Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	145
	Impact of Future Adoption of New Accounting Guidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	149
	Glossary of Terms Used in This Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	150
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	152
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	152
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	152
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	153
Item 9B.	Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	158
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	158
PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	158
	Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	158
	Corporate Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	166
	Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	172
	Executive Officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	174
Item 11.	Executive Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	177
	Compensation Discussion and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	177
	Compensation Committee Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	192
	Compensation Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	192
	Compensation Tables and Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	194
	Director Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	200
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters . . . . .	202
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	203
	Policies and Procedures Relating to Transactions with Related Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	203
	Transactions with Related Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	205
	Director Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	206
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	207

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K iii

PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	209
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	212
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		F-1

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 1

Business | About Fannie Mae

PART I

This report includes forward-looking statements based on management’s current expectations that are subject to

significant uncertainties. Future events and our results may differ materially from those reflected in our forward-looking

statements due to a variety of factors, including those discussed in “Business—Forward-Looking Statements,” “Risk

Factors” and elsewhere in this report.

You can find a “Glossary of Terms Used in This Report” in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial

Condition and Results of Operations (‘MD&A’).”

Item 1.  Business

About Fannie Mae

Fannie Mae is a leading source of financing for residential mortgages in the United States. We provided $381 billion in

liquidity to the mortgage market in 2024, which enabled the financing of approximately 1.4 million home purchases,

refinancings, and rental units.

We are a government-sponsored, stockholder-owned corporation, chartered by Congress to provide liquidity and

stability to the U.S. housing market and to promote access to mortgage credit. We primarily do this by buying residential

mortgage loans that are originated by lenders. We place these loans into trusts and issue guaranteed mortgage-backed

securities (“MBS” or “Fannie Mae MBS”) that global investors buy from us. We do not originate mortgage loans or lend

money directly to borrowers.

We provide a guaranty on the MBS that we issue. If a borrower fails to make a payment on a mortgage loan that is

included in a Fannie Mae MBS, we pay the shortfall amount to the MBS investor. In exchange for providing this

guaranty, we receive a guaranty fee. Guaranty fees are the primary source of our revenues.

Because we assume the credit risk for mortgage loans in our MBS, our earnings are impacted by the credit performance

of these loans. Credit risk management is therefore key to our business model and financial results. To help manage our

mortgage credit risk exposure, and in response to capital and other requirements, we transfer some of our credit risk

exposure to third parties through credit risk transfer transactions and mortgage insurance. For a discussion of how we

manage credit risk, see “MD&A—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management” and

“MD&A—Multifamily Business—Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management.”

We support both single-family and multifamily housing. Our Single-Family business provides financing for properties

that have four or fewer residential units. Our Multifamily business provides financing for residential buildings with five or

more units. As of September 30, 2024 (the latest date for which information is available), Fannie Mae owned or

guaranteed an estimated 26% of single-family mortgage debt outstanding and an estimated 21% of multifamily

mortgage debt outstanding in the United States.

For information on how we help make access to housing in the United States more attainable, affordable, and stable for

low- and moderate-income borrowers and renters, see our 2023 Annual Housing Activities Report, which is available on

our website.

We have been in conservatorship since 2008. The Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) is our conservator. During

conservatorship, our Board has no fiduciary duties to the company or its stockholders, as they owe their fiduciary duties

of care and loyalty solely to FHFA as conservator. Conservatorship and our agreements with the U.S. Department of the

Treasury (“Treasury”) significantly restrict our business activities and stockholder rights. For more information about the

impact of conservatorship and these agreements on our business, stockholders, and our uncertain future, see

“Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements” and “Risk Factors—GSE and Conservatorship Risk.”

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 2

Business | Financial Results Summary

Financial Results Summary

Please read this summary together with our MD&A, our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024 and

the accompanying notes.

2024 vs. 2023

•Net revenues of $29.1 billion in 2024 were relatively flat compared with 2023 net revenues of $29.0 billion. Net

revenues consist of net interest income and fee and other income.

•Non-interest expense of $9.8 billion in 2024 stayed relatively flat with 2023 expenses of $10.0 billion.

•Net income of $17.0 billion was down slightly in 2024 compared with net income of $17.4 billion in 2023. This

was primarily driven by a decrease in benefit for credit losses.

In 2024, we continued to realize a benefit for credit losses, which represents a $938 million single-family benefit

for credit losses, largely offset by a $752 million multifamily provision for credit losses. The $186 million benefit

in 2024 was $1.5 billion lower than the $1.7 billion benefit in 2023. This decline was primarily driven by a lower

single-family benefit due to stronger alignment between actual home price growth and our forecast in 2024 than

in 2023. This decline was also driven by a higher multifamily provision primarily attributable to an incremental

decline in property values, rising delinquencies and the ongoing investigation of lending transactions with

suspected fraud.

•Net worth increased by $17.0 billion in 2024 to $94.7 billion as of December 31, 2024.

2023 vs. 2022

•Net revenues decreased $687 million in 2023 compared with 2022, primarily due to lower deferred guaranty fee

income, offset by higher income from the corporate liquidity portfolio. Higher interest rates in 2023 drove both

the decline in deferred guaranty fee income due to lower refinancing activity as well as the higher income on

securities in our corporate liquidity portfolio.

•Net income increased $4.5 billion in 2023 compared with 2022, primarily driven by a $7.9 billion shift to benefit

for credit losses in 2023 from a provision for credit losses in 2022.

•Net worth increased by $17.4 billion in 2023 to $77.7 billion as of December 31, 2023.

For more information on the drivers of our financial results, see “MD&A—Consolidated Results of Operations.” In

addition, see “Key Market Economic Indicators” for a description on how our financial results can be impacted by

varying macroeconomic conditions such as changes in interest rates and home prices.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 3

Business | Business Segments

Business Segments

We have two reportable business segments: Single-Family and Multifamily. The chart below outlines the primary

business activities and drivers of revenues and expense for each of our business segments.

Single-Family Business Segment
Primary Business Activities	Primary Drivers of Revenue1	Primary Drivers of Expense1
Mortgage acquisitions and securitizations: Works with lenders to acquire single-family mortgage loans, securitize the loans and issue MBS. Credit risk management: Prices and manages the credit risk on loans in our single-family guaranty book, which includes establishing underwriting and servicing standards. Enters into transactions that transfer a portion of the credit risk on some of the loans in our single-family guaranty book to third parties. Credit loss management: Works to reduce costs of defaulted single-family loans, including through home retention solutions, foreclosure alternatives, management of foreclosures and our real-estate owned (“REO”) inventory, selling nonperforming loans, and pursuing contractual remedies from lenders, servicers and providers of credit enhancement.	Net interest income: Primary source is guaranty fees—compensation we receive for assuming the credit risk on our single- family guaranty book. There are two components of our single-family guaranty fee: •Base fees. Ongoing fees that factor into a mortgage loan’s interest rate, which are collected each month over the life of the loan. (Includes fees implemented pursuant to the Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011, as amended (“TCCA”), which are paid to Treasury.) •Upfront fees. One-time payments made by lenders upon loan delivery. Includes risk-based fees (referred to as “loan- level price adjustments”) that vary based on loan and borrower attributes. These fees are amortized into net interest income over the life of the loan. Another source is net interest income earned from our corporate liquidity portfolio and retained mortgage portfolio.	Provision for credit losses: Consists of the provision for credit losses on loans in our single-family guaranty book. (In some periods, we may have a benefit for credit losses.) Administrative expenses: Consists of salaries and employee benefits, professional services, and technology and occupancy costs relating to the Single-Family Business. Legislative assessments: Primarily consists of TCCA fees (which are a portion of our single-family guaranty fees paid to Treasury pursuant to the TCCA). Also includes portions of FHFA assessments and allocations relating to payments we make to affordable housing funds pursuant to statutory requirements. Credit enhancement expense: Consists of costs associated with single-family freestanding credit enhancements.
Multifamily Business Segment
Primary Business Activities	Primary Drivers of Revenue1	Primary Drivers of Expense1
Mortgage acquisitions and securitizations: Works with lenders, primarily through our Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS®”) program, to acquire multifamily mortgage loans, securitize the loans and issue MBS. Credit risk management: Prices and manages the credit risk on loans in our multifamily guaranty book, which includes establishing underwriting and servicing standards. Lenders retain a portion of the credit risk in substantially all multifamily transactions. Enters into additional transactions that transfer a portion of the credit risk on some of the loans in our multifamily guaranty book to third parties. Credit loss management: Works to reduce costs of defaulted multifamily loans, including through loss mitigation strategies, management of foreclosures and our REO inventory, and pursuing contractual remedies from lenders, servicers, borrowers, sponsors, and providers of credit enhancement.	Net interest income: Primary source is guaranty fees—compensation we receive for assuming the credit risk on our multifamily guaranty book. For multifamily loans, base fees are the primary component of our guaranty fee. Multifamily guaranty fee income does not include upfront fees. Another source is net interest income earned from our corporate liquidity portfolio and retained mortgage portfolio.	Provision for credit losses: Consists of the provision for credit losses on loans in our multifamily guaranty book. (In some periods, we may have a benefit for credit losses.) Administrative expenses: Consists of salaries and employee benefits, professional services, and technology and occupancy costs relating to the Multifamily Business. Credit enhancement expense: Consists of costs associated with multifamily freestanding credit enhancements.

(1)See “MD&A—Business Segment Financial Results” for a discussion of other drivers of our single-family and multifamily financial results.

Fair value gains were a significant driver of single-family financial results for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 4

Business | Business Segments

We purchase primarily single-family conventional loans that meet conforming loan limits in the secondary mortgage

market. Conventional loans are not insured or guaranteed by a government agency (those are generally referred to as

government-guaranteed loans). See “Legislation and Regulation—Our Charter” for a description of our conforming loan

limits.

The chart below displays the unpaid principal balance (“UPB”) of our average single-family conventional guaranty book

of business and our multifamily guaranty book of business, as well as our average single-family and multifamily charged

guaranty fee.

Guaranty Book of Business and Average Charged Guaranty Fee by Segment

(Dollars in trillions)1

Average charged guaranty fee on single-family conventional guaranty book of business (in basis points), net of TCCA fees(2)	Average charged guaranty fee on multifamily guaranty book of business (in basis points) at end of period
Average single-family conventional guaranty book of business(3)	Multifamily guaranty book of business as of period end

(1)Measured based on the unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans underlying Fannie Mae MBS outstanding.

(2)Excludes the impact of a 10 basis point guaranty fee increase implemented pursuant to the TCCA, the incremental revenue from which is

paid to Treasury and not retained by us.

(3)Our average single-family conventional guaranty book of business is based on the average of quarter-end balances.

Our average single-family conventional guaranty book of business remained relatively flat in 2024 compared with 2023.

The average charged guaranty fee, net of TCCA fees, on the single-family conventional guaranty book increased by 0.7

basis points to 47.6 basis points in 2024, primarily as a result of higher base guaranty fees charged on new acquisitions.

Our multifamily guaranty book of business grew by 6.2% in 2024 to $499.7 billion driven by our acquisitions combined

with low prepayment volumes due to the high interest rate environment. The average charged guaranty fee on the

multifamily guaranty book declined by 1.7 basis points to 74.4 basis points in 2024, due to lower average charged fees

on our 2024 acquisitions as compared with the existing loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business.

The chart below displays the net income for each of our business segments.

Business Segment Net Income

(Dollars in billions)

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 5

Business | Business Segments

See “MD&A—Single-Family Business” and “MD&A—Multifamily Business” for more information on the primary business

activities and business metrics of our Single-Family and Multifamily businesses. See “MD&A—Business Segment

Financial Results” for more information on the financial results of our Single-Family and Multifamily businesses.

Competition

We conduct business in the U.S. residential mortgage markets and the global securities markets. According to the

Federal Reserve, total U.S. residential mortgage debt outstanding was estimated to be approximately $16.5 trillion as of

September 30, 2024 (the latest date for which information is available). We owned or guaranteed mortgage assets

representing approximately 25% of total U.S. residential mortgage debt outstanding as of September 30, 2024.

We compete to acquire mortgage assets in the secondary mortgage market and to issue mortgage-backed securities to

investors. Our primary competitors for the acquisition of single-family loans are Freddie Mac, the Federal Home Loan

Banks (“FHLBs”), private institutions (such as U.S. banks and thrifts, securities dealers, insurance companies and

investment funds) and government agencies (such as the Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”) and the Department

of Veterans Affairs (“VA”)). Our primary competitors for the issuance and/or guarantee of single-family mortgage-backed

securities are Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae (which primarily guarantees securities backed by FHA-insured loans and VA-

guaranteed loans) and private market competitors. Our primary competitors for the acquisition of multifamily mortgage

assets are Freddie Mac, life insurers, U.S. banks and thrifts, and other institutional investors. Our primary competitors

for the issuance of multifamily mortgage-backed securities are Freddie Mac, U.S. banks, Ginnie Mae, and private-label

issuers of commercial mortgage-backed securities.

Competition to acquire mortgage assets and issue mortgage-backed securities is affected by many factors, including:

our and our competitors’ pricing, eligibility standards and risk appetite; the number and nature of residential mortgage

loans originated and available for us to purchase in the secondary mortgage market; investor demand for mortgage

assets; and macroeconomic conditions. Our ability to compete may also be affected by many other factors, including:

our and our competitors’ capital requirements; our and Freddie Mac’s return on capital requirements; applicable

requirements to purchase mission-related loans; FHFA’s single-family mortgage purchase, servicing and securitization

requirements aimed at aligning our single-family MBS with Freddie Mac’s MBS; direction from FHFA; new or existing

legislation or regulations applicable to us, our lenders or our investors; and our senior preferred stock purchase

agreement with Treasury. See “MD&A—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Competition” and “MD&A—Multifamily

Business—Multifamily Competition” for more information on the competition faced by our business segments. See

“Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements,” “Legislation and Regulation,” and “Risk Factors” for information on matters

that affect or could affect our competitive environment.

Mortgage Securitizations

Overview

We securitize most of the single-family and multifamily mortgage loans we acquire. Securitization refers to the process

of converting income-generating assets into securities that can be sold to investors. Payments from those assets are

regularly distributed to investors as security holders. The MBS that we issue are generally fixed-income securities that

trade in the global capital markets.

Our Fannie Mae MBS guaranty insulates investors in our MBS from mortgage borrower credit risk. If any borrower

whose loan is in one of our MBS trusts fails to make a monthly payment, we pay those shortfall amounts to the MBS

investors. In exchange for providing this guaranty, we receive a guaranty fee. Guaranty fees are intended to cover the

expected credit losses, administrative costs, cost of capital and return on capital targets associated with the loans we

guarantee. For single-family loans, guaranty fees also include the TCCA fees we are required to pay to Treasury.

We create Fannie Mae MBS by placing mortgage loans in a trust and issuing securities backed by those mortgage

loans. Our multifamily MBS generally have only one multifamily loan per MBS trust, while our single-family MBS have

multiple loans per MBS trust. We act as trustee of our MBS trusts.

Types of Mortgage Securitization Transactions

We engage in three broad categories of mortgage securitization transactions:

•Lender Swap Transactions: A mortgage lender delivers mortgage loans to us in exchange for Fannie Mae

MBS backed by those mortgage loans. The lender may choose to hold the MBS they receive or sell the MBS to

other investors.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 6

Business | Mortgage Securitizations

•Portfolio Securitization Transactions: A lender sells us mortgage loans for cash. When we have acquired

enough mortgage loans or in response to MBS investor requests for Fannie Mae MBS with certain

characteristics, we deliver those loans to an MBS trust in exchange for Fannie Mae MBS, which we then sell to

MBS investors. Most of the single-family mortgage loans we buy for cash are from small to mid-sized lenders.

This acquisition type allows us to give small and mid-sized lenders competitive pricing while also providing

servicing and funding options that lenders can tailor to their needs.

•Structured Securitization Transactions: We create structured Fannie Mae MBS in response to requests from

lenders and dealers. In these transactions, the lender or dealer owns a mortgage-related asset (typically one or

more MBS) and transfers that asset for a structured Fannie Mae MBS we issue. The process for issuing

structured Fannie Mae MBS is similar to the process for our lender swap securitizations described above. We

receive a transaction fee from the lender or dealer for the issuance of the structured MBS securities.

Common Securitization Solutions

Certain aspects of the securitization process for our single-family Fannie Mae MBS issuances are performed by

Common Securitization Solutions, LLC (“CSS”). CSS is a limited liability company we own jointly with Freddie Mac. We

do not use CSS for multifamily Fannie Mae MBS. See “Risk Factors—GSE and Conservatorship Risk” for a discussion

of risks posed by our reliance on CSS to securitize the single-family MBS we issue and for ongoing administrative

functions for our single-family MBS.

Human Capital

Overview

Our employees are key to ensuring our long-term success and meeting our strategic objectives. Our comprehensive

human capital management strategy is focused on attracting, engaging, retaining and developing a highly skilled

workforce. We had approximately 8,200 employees as of December 2024. These dedicated employees are the driving

force behind delivering on our mission. We believe many employees and potential recruits are attracted by our mission,

the compelling nature of our work and our culture of inclusivity and respect, despite our uncertain future and limitations

on the compensation we can offer. See “Risk Factors—GSE and Conservatorship Risk” for a discussion of how

restrictions on our compensation and uncertainty with respect to our future can affect our ability to recruit and retain

employees.

See “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance—Corporate Governance—Human Capital Management

Oversight” for information on oversight of human capital management by our Board of Directors’ Compensation and

Human Capital Committee.

Attracting and Retaining Employees

We offer a total rewards package that delivers a variety of cash and non-cash rewards designed to motivate employees

and improve company performance. The employee benefits that we offer promote personal and family wellness, and

encourage involvement in personally meaningful endeavors, including those that echo our mission. These benefits

include: caregiving and bereavement leave; paid leave to engage in volunteer activities; assistance with higher

education costs; and broad mental, physical and financial well-being benefits.

Engaging and Developing Employees

We are committed to maintaining an engaged workforce as we believe it is critical to the ongoing achievement of the

company’s and the conservator’s goals. We monitor employee engagement through regular surveys. In our final survey

of 2024, 78% of employees participated, and 92% of those who responded indicated they would recommend Fannie

Mae as a great place to work, which we consider to be a strong indicator of their engagement.

We place a strong emphasis on succession planning and talent development to attract and retain talent and improve

promotion readiness and cultivate bench strength. We invest in our employees’ development to support their career

aspirations. We provide training and opportunities that enable employees to develop business, technical, leadership and

other critical skills we need to achieve our strategic objectives and fulfill our mission. We believe our succession

planning approach works to mitigate potential risk to the company posed by unexpected leadership departures.

Culture

We strive to maintain a culture of inclusion and respect, which is reinforced by our Code of Conduct. Employees are

required to annually certify their understanding of and commitment to our Code of Conduct. We also emphasize to our

employees their responsibility for, and opportunity to play a key role in, managing risk through our risk assessment and

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 7

Business | Human Capital

monitoring activities, training and corporate messaging. Our employees are encouraged to find better ways to fulfill our

mission safely, responsibly and efficiently. We believe this culture of continuous learning and improvement promotes

innovation and enhances our resiliency, while also enabling the development of our workforce.

We foster an environment in which all employees are treated with dignity and respect, can contribute to meaningful

work, and have the opportunity to grow their careers in an inclusive environment free from discrimination, harassment,

and retaliation. We support these critical concepts by establishing and promoting policies that articulate the importance

of and the value we place on diverse perspectives and inclusion, consistent with the principles of equal opportunity and

in accordance with our statutory mandates under the GSE Act. This commitment helps us attract and retain a skilled

workforce at all levels of our organization.

We sponsor programs and activities to cultivate an inclusive work environment by focusing on leadership principles,

talent development, enterprise accessibility, team and group dynamics, and a consistent communications strategy that

reinforces the practice of driving inclusion to achieve innovative solutions.

Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements

Conservatorship

In September 2008, FHFA was appointed as our conservator pursuant to authority provided by the Federal Housing

Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as amended (the “GSE Act”). Conservatorship is a statutory

process designed to preserve and conserve our assets and property and put the company in a sound and solvent

condition. Our conservatorship has no specified termination date.

FHFA Authority As Conservator

FHFA, as conservator, succeeded to:

•all rights, titles, powers and privileges of Fannie Mae, and of any stockholder, officer or director of Fannie Mae

with respect to Fannie Mae and its assets; and

•title to the books, records and assets of any other legal custodian of Fannie Mae.

As conservator, FHFA has broad authority over our business and operations, including the authority to:

•direct us to enter into contracts or enter into contracts on our behalf; and

•transfer or sell our assets or liabilities.

The GSE Act provides special protections for mortgage loans and mortgage-related assets we hold in trust. Specifically,

mortgage loans and mortgage-related assets that have been transferred to a Fannie Mae MBS trust must be held by the

conservator for the beneficial owners of such MBS and cannot be used to satisfy the company’s general creditors.

Since 2012, FHFA has released annual corporate performance objectives for us, referred to as the conservatorship

scorecard. For information on FHFA’s 2024 conservatorship scorecard objectives and our performance against these

objectives, see “Executive Compensation—Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Assessment of Corporate

Performance against 2024 Scorecard.”

Board Authority in Conservatorship

While we are operating in conservatorship, our directors:

•serve on behalf of the conservator;

•exercise their authority as directed by and with the approval (where required) of the conservator;

•owe their fiduciary duties of care and loyalty solely to the conservator, and not to either the company or our

stockholders; and

•are elected by the conservator, not by our stockholders.

As conservator, FHFA has issued an order authorizing our Board of Directors to exercise specified functions and

authorities, and instructions regarding matters for which conservator decision or notification is required. The conservator

retains the authority to amend or withdraw its order and instructions at any time. For more information on the functions

and authorities of our Board of Directors during conservatorship, see “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate

Governance—Corporate Governance—Conservatorship and Board Authorities.”

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 8

Business | Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements

Stockholder Authority in Conservatorship

The conservator has suspended stockholder meetings since conservatorship, and our common stockholders are not

empowered to vote on directors or any other matters. The conservator also eliminated dividends on our common and

preferred stock (other than dividends on the senior preferred stock issued to Treasury) during the conservatorship.

Treasury Agreements

FHFA, as conservator, entered into a senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury on our behalf in

September 2008. In connection with that agreement, we issued Treasury one million shares of Variable Liquidation

Preference Senior Preferred Stock, Series 2008-2, which we refer to as the “senior preferred stock,” and a warrant to

purchase shares equal to 79.9% of our common stock, on a fully diluted basis, for a nominal price.

The senior preferred stock purchase agreement and the terms of the senior preferred stock have been amended

multiple times since 2008 by FHFA (acting on our behalf) and Treasury, including most recently on January 2, 2025. The

January 2025 letter agreement amending the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, senior preferred stock and

warrant is described in a Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on January 7, 2025 and

in “Note 2, Conservatorship, Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and Related Matters.”

Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and Senior Preferred Stock

The senior preferred stock purchase agreement and accompanying stock certificate include key provisions that impact

us, including those described in the table below.

Treasury Funding Commitment

•On a quarterly basis, we may draw funds from Treasury to cover the amount that our total liabilities exceed our total assets for the applicable fiscal quarter (referred to as the “deficiency amount”), up to the amount of remaining funding commitment under the agreement. •As of the date of this filing: ◦$119.8 billion has been paid to us by Treasury under this funding commitment; and ◦$113.9 billion of funding commitment from Treasury remains; this amount would be reduced by any future payments by Treasury under the commitment.

Termination Provisions for Funding Commitment

•Treasury’s funding commitment has no specified end date, but will terminate upon: ◦our liquidation and the fulfillment of Treasury’s obligations under its funding commitment; ◦the payment in full of, or reasonable provision for, our liabilities (whether or not contingent, including guaranty obligations); or ◦Treasury funding the maximum amount under the agreement. •Treasury also may terminate its funding commitment and void the agreement if a court vacates, modifies, amends, conditions, enjoins, stays or otherwise affects the appointment of the conservator or curtails the conservator’s powers.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 9

Business | Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements

Rights of Debt and MBS Holders

•Holders of our debt securities or our guaranteed MBS may file a claim in the United States Court of Federal Claims for relief if we default on our payment obligations on those securities and: ◦we and the conservator fail to exercise all rights under the agreement to draw on Treasury’s funding commitment, or ◦Treasury fails to perform its obligations under its funding commitment and we and/or the conservator are not diligently pursuing remedies for Treasury’s failure. •Holders may seek to require Treasury to fund us up to: ◦the amount necessary to cure the relevant payment defaults; ◦the deficiency amount; or ◦the amount of remaining funding under the agreement, whichever is the least. Any Treasury funding provided under these circumstances would increase the liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock. •The terms of the agreement generally may be amended or waived; however, no such amendment or waiver may decrease Treasury’s aggregate funding commitment or add conditions to Treasury’s funding commitment that would adversely affect in any material respect the holders of our debt or guaranteed MBS.

Senior Preferred Stock Dividends

•Treasury, as the holder of the senior preferred stock, has received a total of $181.4 billion in senior preferred stock dividends through December 31, 2024. The dividends we have paid to Treasury were declared by, and paid at the direction of, our conservator. •Dividend payments we make to Treasury do not restore or increase the amount of Treasury’s funding commitment under the agreement. •We are currently not required to pay or accumulate new dividends to Treasury until our net worth exceeds the amount of adjusted total capital necessary for us to meet the capital requirements and buffers set forth in the enterprise regulatory capital framework. •Our net worth is the amount, if any, by which our total assets (excluding Treasury’s funding commitment and any unfunded amounts related to the commitment) exceed our total liabilities (excluding any obligation with respect to equity securities). •After the “capital reserve end date” (which is defined as the last day of the second consecutive fiscal quarter during which we have had and maintained capital equal to or exceeding the capital requirements and buffers set forth in the enterprise regulatory capital framework), the quarterly dividends due to Treasury under the senior preferred stock will be the lesser of (i) any quarterly increase in our net worth, and (ii) a 10% annual rate on the then-current liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock (or 12% if we fail to pay dividends to Treasury). •See “Risk Factors—GSE and Conservatorship Risk” for more information on risks associated with the resumption of dividends under the terms of the senior preferred stock.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 10

Business | Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements

Liquidation Preference	•The senior preferred stock: ◦has no par value; ◦had an aggregate initial liquidation preference of $1 billion; ◦had an aggregate liquidation preference of $212.0 billion as of December 31, 2024; ◦will have an aggregate liquidation preference of $216.1 billion as of March 31, 2025, due to the $4.1 billion increase in our net worth during the fourth quarter of 2024. •The aggregate liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock is increased by: ◦any amounts Treasury pays pursuant to its funding commitment under the agreement; ◦any quarterly commitment fees that are payable but not paid by us; ◦any senior preferred stock dividends that are payable but not paid to Treasury; and ◦for each fiscal quarter through and including the capital reserve end date, an amount equal to the increase in our net worth, if any, during the immediately prior fiscal quarter.  •The senior preferred stock ranks ahead of our common and preferred stock as to both dividends and rights upon liquidation. If we are liquidated, the holder of the senior preferred stock is entitled to its then-current liquidation preference before any distributions are made on our other equity securities.
Limits on Redemptions and Paydowns	•We may not redeem or retire the senior preferred stock prior to the termination of Treasury’s funding commitment under the agreement. •We may not reduce or pay down the liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock out of regular corporate funds, except to the extent of: ◦accumulated and unpaid dividends previously added to the liquidation preference; and ◦quarterly commitment fees previously added to the liquidation preference. •While the senior preferred stock remains outstanding, we are required to use the net cash proceeds of issuances of equity securities to pay down the liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock; however, we are permitted to retain up to $70 billion in aggregate gross cash proceeds from issuances of common stock. •The liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock may not be paid down below $1,000 per share prior to the termination of Treasury’s funding commitment. After termination, we may fully pay down the liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock.
Commitment Fee	•The agreement provides for the payment of an unspecified quarterly commitment fee to Treasury to compensate it for its ongoing support under the agreement. •Until the capital reserve end date, the periodic commitment fee will not be set, accrue, or be payable. •No later than the capital reserve end date, we and Treasury, in consultation with the Chair of the Federal Reserve, will agree on the amount of the periodic commitment fee.

Covenants

The senior preferred stock purchase agreement contains covenants that prohibit us (and, in one instance, FHFA) from

taking several actions without the prior written consent of Treasury or require us to take specified actions, including the

following described in the table below.

Dividends and Share Repurchases

•We may not pay dividends or make other distributions on or repurchase our equity securities (other than the senior preferred stock).

Issuances of Equity Securities

•We may not issue equity securities, except for common stock issued: ◦upon exercise of the warrant; ◦as required by any pre-conservatorship agreements; and ◦following the satisfaction of two conditions: (a) the exercise of the warrant in full, and (b) the resolution of all currently pending significant litigation relating to the conservatorship and the August 2012 amendment to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement.

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Termination of Conservatorship	•Neither we nor FHFA may terminate or seek to terminate the conservatorship without the prior consent of Treasury, other than through a mandatory receivership.
Asset Dispositions	•We may not sell, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of any assets, except for dispositions for fair market value in limited circumstances, including if: ◦the transaction is in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice; or ◦the assets have a fair market value individually or in the aggregate of less than $250 million.
Subordinated Debt	•We may not issue any subordinated debt securities.
Mortgage Assets Limit	•We may not hold mortgage assets in excess of $225 billion; however, we are currently managing our business to a $202.5 billion mortgage asset cap according to FHFA instructions.
Indebtedness Limit	•We may not have indebtedness in excess of $270 billion.
Executive Compensation	•We may not enter into any new compensation arrangements or increase amounts or benefits payable under existing compensation arrangements with any of our executive officers (as defined by SEC rules) without the consent of the FHFA Director, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury.
Equitable Access and Offers for Single-Family Mortgage Loans	•We may not vary our pricing or acquisition terms for single-family loans based on the business characteristics of the seller, including the seller’s size, charter type, or volume of business with us. •We must offer to purchase at all times, for equivalent cash consideration and on substantially the same terms, any single-family mortgage loan that: ◦is of a class of loans that we then offer to acquire for inclusion in our MBS or for other non- cash consideration; ◦is offered by a seller that has been approved to do business with us; and ◦has been originated and sold in compliance with our underwriting standards.
Single-Family Loan Eligibility Program	•We must maintain a program reasonably designed to ensure that the single-family loans we acquire are limited to: ◦qualified mortgages; ◦government-backed loans; ◦loans exempt from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s (the “CFPB’s”) ability-to- repay and qualified mortgage rule (other than loans secured by timeshares and home equity lines of credit, which we are not allowed to buy); ◦loans secured by an investment property; ◦refinancing loans with streamlined underwriting originated in accordance with our eligibility criteria for high loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio refinancings; ◦loans originated with temporary underwriting flexibilities during times of exigent circumstances, as determined in consultation with FHFA; ◦loans secured by manufactured housing; and ◦such other loans that FHFA may designate that were eligible for purchase by us as of January 2021.
Enterprise Regulatory Capital Framework	•We are required to comply with the enterprise regulatory capital framework rule as amended from time to time.
Risk Management Plan	•While in conservatorship, we must provide an annual risk management plan to Treasury.

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Business | Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements

Common Stock Warrant

As a result of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, in September 2008, we, through FHFA in its capacity as

conservator, issued to Treasury a warrant to purchase shares of our common stock equal to 79.9% of the total number

of shares of our common stock outstanding on a fully diluted basis on the date the warrant is exercised, for an exercise

price of $0.00001 per share. The warrant may be exercised in whole or in part at any time on or before September 7,

2028.

On January 2, 2025, Treasury issued a press release in which it noted that it expects FHFA, Fannie Mae and Treasury

will agree in the future to extend the September 7, 2028 expiration date of the warrant to the extent appropriate in order

to avoid any possibility of a disorderly or disruptive exit from conservatorship.

Side Letter Regarding Conservatorship Termination

On January 2, 2025, FHFA and Treasury entered into a side letter agreement in which they agreed to complete the

following actions prior to the termination of the conservatorship of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac (other than through a

receivership):

•Public Request for Information. FHFA will issue a public request for information outlining options for the

termination of conservatorship and seek input on the potential impacts of each option on the housing market

and on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

•FSOC Briefing. FHFA will brief the Financial Stability Oversight Council (“FSOC”) on a summary of the public

input received.

•Proposal to Treasury. No more than six months prior to seeking Treasury’s consent to terminate the

conservatorship of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, FHFA will provide Treasury with a specific proposal that:

◦sets forth FHFA’s recommended approach;

◦reflects the public input received;

◦includes a market impact assessment describing how the recommended approach may impact the

housing market and Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac; and

◦addresses any amendments to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, senior preferred stock

certificate or warrant that may be required to implement the recommended approach.

•Presidential Consultation. Treasury will consult with the President prior to consenting to any request related to a

termination of conservatorship made pursuant to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement.

See “Risk Factors—GSE and Conservatorship Risk” for a description of the risks to our business relating to the

conservatorship, uncertainties regarding the future of our company and business, the senior preferred stock purchase

agreement, as well as the adverse effects of the conservatorship, the senior preferred stock and the warrant on the

rights of holders of our common stock and other series of preferred stock.

Legislation and Regulation

As a federally chartered financial institution, we are subject to substantial government regulation and oversight. FHFA,

our primary regulator, regulates our safety and soundness and our mission, and is also our conservator. FHFA is an

independent federal agency with general supervisory and regulatory authority over Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the

FHLBs. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”) and FHFA regulate us with respect to fair

lending matters, and the SEC and Treasury regulate other aspects of our business. In addition, regulations by other

agencies that affect the mortgage industry or the markets for our MBS, debt securities or credit risk transfer securities

could have a significant impact on us. See “Risk Factors—Legal and Regulatory Risk.”

Our Charter

Our charter, which is an act of Congress, sets forth our purposes and establishes the parameters under which we

operate, including specifying limitations on our business. We describe certain provisions of our charter below.

•Purposes. Our charter states that our operations should be financed by private capital to the maximum extent

feasible and authorizes us to:

◦provide stability in the secondary market for residential mortgages;

◦respond appropriately to the private capital market;

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◦provide ongoing assistance to the secondary market for residential mortgages (including activities

relating to mortgages on housing for low- and moderate-income families involving a reasonable

economic return that may be less than the return earned on other activities) by increasing the liquidity

of mortgage investments and improving the distribution of investment capital available for residential

mortgage financing; and

◦promote access to mortgage credit throughout the nation (including central cities, rural areas and

underserved areas) by increasing the liquidity of mortgage investments and improving the distribution

of investment capital available for residential mortgage financing.

•Loan acquisitions and conforming loan limit. We may purchase and securitize mortgage loans secured by

single-family and multifamily properties. Single-family conventional (not government-insured or government-

guaranteed) mortgage loan acquisitions are subject to an annually-adjusted maximum original principal balance

limit, known as the “conforming loan limit.” The national conforming loan limit for single-family mortgages

secured by one-unit properties is $806,500 for 2025 and was $766,550 for 2024. Higher limits apply for single-

family mortgages secured by two- to four-unit properties and in four states and territories (Alaska, Hawaii,

Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands). Higher limits of up to 150% of the loan limit also apply in certain high-cost

areas.

•Credit enhancement requirements. Credit enhancement is generally required on any single-family conventional

mortgage loan that we purchase or securitize that has an LTV ratio over 80% at the time of purchase. The

Charter Act provides three options for meeting this credit enhancement requirement: (1) obtain insurance or a

guaranty by a qualified insurer on the portion of the unpaid principal balance of the loan that exceeds 80% of

the value of the collateral property; (2) the seller agrees to repurchase or replace the loan in the event of

default; or (3) the seller retains at least a 10% participation interest in the loan. We primarily meet this credit

enhancement requirement by obtaining mortgage insurance.

•Additional limitations. We may not originate mortgage loans. Similarly, we may not advance funds to a

mortgage seller on an interim basis, using mortgage loans as collateral, pending the sale of the mortgages in

the secondary market.

•Exemption for our securities offerings. Our securities offerings are exempt from registration requirements under

the Securities Act of 1933. As a result, we do not file registration statements or prospectuses with the SEC for

our securities offerings. However, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) provides that our

equity securities are not exempt securities under the Exchange Act. Consequently, we are required to file

periodic and current reports with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form

10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K.

•Exemption from specified taxes. We are exempt from taxation by states, territories, counties, municipalities and

local taxing authorities, except for taxation by those authorities on our real property. We are not exempt from

the payment of federal corporate income taxes.

Capital Requirements

FHFA’s enterprise regulatory capital framework establishes both leverage and risk-based minimum capital

requirements, as well as a requirement that we hold prescribed capital buffers above these minimum capital

requirements that can be drawn down in periods of financial stress:

•Minimum leverage capital requirement. The minimum leverage capital requirement is to maintain tier 1 capital

equal to at least 2.5% of adjusted total assets.

•Minimum risk-based capital requirements. The minimum risk-based capital requirements are to maintain

common equity tier 1 capital, tier 1 capital, and adjusted total capital equal to at least 4.5%, 6.0%, and 8.0%,

respectively, of risk-weighted assets.

•Buffer requirements. The buffer requirements consist of:

◦a prescribed leverage buffer amount, or PLBA, that represents the amount of tier 1 capital we are

required to hold above the minimum leverage capital requirement; and

◦a prescribed capital conservation buffer amount, or PCCBA, that consists of three risk-based capital

buffers—a stability capital buffer, a stress capital buffer and a countercyclical capital buffer—and that

must be comprised entirely of common equity tier 1 capital.

In general, once we are required to be in compliance with the capital buffers, if our capital levels fall below the

prescribed buffer amounts, we must restrict capital distributions, such as stock repurchases and dividends, as

well as discretionary bonus payments to executives, until the buffer amounts are restored.

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The enterprise regulatory capital framework also provides the following:

•Specific minimum risk-weights, or “floors,” on single-family and multifamily risk-weighted exposures, which can

increase the amount of capital required for loans that would otherwise have lower risk weights;

•Specific floors on the risk-weights applicable to retained portions of credit risk transfer transactions, which

decreases the capital relief obtained from these transactions;

•Risk-based capital requirements related to market risk and operational risk, in addition to credit risk;

•A requirement to publish quarterly capital reports;

•Requirements to submit capital plans to FHFA;

•Prior notice and approval requirements for certain capital actions, including capital distributions; and

•Additional elements based on U.S. banking regulations, such as the phased implementation of the advanced

approaches as an alternative to the standardized approach for measuring risk-weighted assets.

Our current capital levels are significantly below the levels that would be required under the enterprise regulatory capital

framework. As of December 31, 2024, we had a $227 billion shortfall to our risk-based adjusted total capital

requirement, including buffers, of $190 billion, as we had an available capital deficit of $37 billion. Our capital shortfall as

of December 31, 2024 to our minimum risk-based adjusted total capital requirement excluding buffers was $146 billion.

Even though we had positive net worth under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) of $94.7 billion as

of December 31, 2024, we had a $37 billion deficit in available capital primarily because available capital for purposes of

the enterprise regulatory capital framework excludes the stated value of the senior preferred stock of $120.8 billion. See

“MD&A—Liquidity and Capital Management—Capital Management—Capital Requirements” and “Note 13, Regulatory

Capital Requirements” for more information about our capital requirements and metrics under the enterprise regulatory

capital framework as of December 31, 2024. See “Risk Factors—GSE and Conservatorship Risk” for information on

risks relating to our capital requirements.

The enterprise regulatory capital framework has a transition period for compliance. We are currently subject to the

requirements to publish quarterly capital reports, submit capital plans to FHFA, and provide prior notice to, and obtain

approval from, FHFA for certain capital actions; however, we are not required to comply with the minimum capital

requirements or the buffer requirements while in conservatorship. The compliance date for the minimum capital

requirements will be the date of termination of our conservatorship or such later date as FHFA may order. The

compliance date for the buffer requirements will be the date of termination of our conservatorship. The compliance date

for the advanced approaches requirements is January 2028 or such later date as FHFA may order.

Stress Testing

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) requires certain financial

companies to conduct annual stress tests to determine whether the companies have the capital necessary to absorb

losses as a result of adverse economic conditions. Under FHFA regulations, each year we are required to conduct a

stress test using two different scenarios of financial conditions provided by FHFA—baseline and severely adverse—and

to publish a summary of our stress test results for the severely adverse scenario by August 15. In August 2024, FHFA

temporarily waived the requirement that we publish the severely adverse scenario by August 15, 2024.

Receivership and Resolution Planning

Under the GSE Act, the FHFA Director must place us into receivership if they determine that our assets are less than

our obligations (that is, we have a net worth deficit) or if we have not been paying our debts as they become due, in

either case, for a period of 60 days. FHFA has clarified that the 60-day measurement period will commence no earlier

than the SEC filing deadline for our Form 10-K or Form 10-Q for the relevant period.

Under the GSE Act we could also be put into receivership at the discretion of the FHFA Director if the statutory grounds

for the discretionary appointment of a receiver are met. This includes: a substantial dissipation of assets or earnings due

to unsafe or unsound practices; the existence of an unsafe or unsound condition to transact business; an inability to

meet our obligations in the ordinary course of business; a weakening of our condition due to unsafe or unsound

practices or conditions; critical undercapitalization; undercapitalization and no reasonable prospect of becoming

adequately capitalized; the likelihood of losses that will deplete substantially all of our capital; or by consent. In the

senior preferred stock purchase agreement, as amended in January 2025, FHFA agreed that it would not exercise this

discretionary authority to place us into receivership without Treasury’s prior written consent.

FHFA’s resolution planning rule requires that we develop a plan for submission to FHFA that would assist FHFA’s

planning for our rapid and orderly resolution if FHFA is appointed as our receiver. The rule also addresses procedural

requirements regarding the frequency and timing for submission of resolution plans to FHFA.

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The appointment of FHFA as receiver would immediately terminate the conservatorship. Placement into receivership

would likely have a material adverse effect on holders of our common stock and preferred stock, and could have a

material adverse effect on holders of our debt securities, Fannie Mae MBS and credit risk transfer securities. Should we

be placed into receivership, different assumptions would be required to determine the carrying value of our assets,

which would likely lead to substantially different financial results. For more information on the risks to our business

relating to receivership and uncertainties regarding the future of our business, see “Risk Factors—GSE and

Conservatorship Risk.”

Portfolio Standards

The GSE Act requires FHFA to establish standards governing our portfolio holdings, to ensure that they are backed by

sufficient capital and consistent with our mission and safe and sound operations. FHFA is also required to monitor our

portfolio and, in some circumstances, may require us to dispose of or acquire assets. In 2010, FHFA adopted, as the

standard for our portfolio holdings, the mortgage assets limit specified in the senior preferred stock purchase agreement

described under “Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements—Treasury Agreements—Covenants,” as it may be

amended from time to time. The rule is effective for as long as we remain subject to the senior preferred stock purchase

agreement.

Affordable Housing Allocations

The GSE Act requires us to set aside in each fiscal year an amount equal to 4.2 basis points for each dollar of the

unpaid principal balance of our new business purchases and to pay this amount to specified HUD and Treasury funds in

support of affordable housing. We are prohibited from passing through the cost of these allocations to the originators of

the mortgage loans that we purchase or securitize. See “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director

Independence—Transactions with Related Persons—Transactions with Treasury—Treasury Interest in Affordable

Housing Allocations” for information on our contribution for 2024 new business purchases. From our initial payment

under this requirement in 2016 through our anticipated payment in early 2025, we will have paid a total of $3.0 billion to

these HUD and Treasury funds.

Housing Goals

Our housing goals, which are established by FHFA in accordance with the GSE Act, require that a specified portion of

mortgage loans we acquire meet specified standards relating to affordability or location.

As described in “Risk Factors—GSE and Conservatorship Risk,” the actions we may take to meet our housing goals, as

well as our duty to serve underserved markets described below, may materially adversely affect our business, results of

operations and financial condition.

Single-Family Housing Goals

For single-family housing goals, our acquisitions are measured against the lower of benchmarks set by FHFA or the

level of goal-eligible originations in the primary mortgage market. The single-family benchmarks are expressed as a

percentage of the total number of goal-eligible single-family mortgages acquired each year.

2023 and 2024 Single-Family Housing Goals

In October 2024, FHFA determined that we met four of our six 2023 single-family housing goals and subgoals. FHFA

determined that we missed the single-family low-income home purchase goal and the single-family very low-income

home purchase goal. FHFA also determined that the two missed single-family goals were not feasible for us to achieve

for 2023, considering our financial condition, macroeconomic conditions, feedback from stakeholders during the year,

and the liquidity and stability of the housing market. As a result, we were not required to submit a housing plan based on

our failure to meet these two goals for 2023.

The table below displays more information about our 2023 single-family housing goals and our performance against

these goals. FHFA’s single-family housing goal benchmarks for 2024 are the same as those for 2023 noted in the table

below, other than the low-income areas home purchase goal, which is set on an annual basis as described in footnote 4

to the table.

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2023 Single-Family Housing Goals Performance(1)
	FHFA Benchmark		Single- Family Market Level		Result
Low-income home purchase goal(2)	28	%	26.3	%	26.1	%
Very low-income home purchase goal(3)	7		6.5		6.0
Low-income areas home purchase goal(4)	20		28.1		28.1
Minority census tracts home purchase subgoal(5)	10		12.2		12.6
Low-income census tracts home purchase subgoal(6)	4		9.8		9.3
Low-income refinance goal(7)	26		40.3		38.4

(1)The FHFA benchmarks and our results are expressed as a percentage of the total number of goal-eligible single-family mortgages

acquired during the year. The single-family market level is the percentage of goal-eligible single-family mortgages originated in the primary

mortgage market during the year.

(2)Home purchase mortgages on single-family, owner-occupied properties to borrowers with incomes no greater than 80% of area median

income.

(3)Home purchase mortgages on single-family, owner-occupied properties to borrowers with incomes no greater than 50% of area median

income.

(4)The sum of (a) mortgages meeting the criteria for the minority census tracts subgoal described in footnote 5 below, (b) mortgages meeting

the criteria for the low-income census tracts subgoal described in footnote 6 below, and (c) home purchase mortgages on single-family,

owner-occupied properties to borrowers with incomes no greater than 100% of area median income who are located in federally-declared

disaster areas. FHFA sets the low-income areas home purchase goal benchmark annually. For 2024, FHFA has set the low-income areas

home purchase goal benchmark at 19%.

(5) Home purchase mortgages on single-family, owner-occupied properties to borrowers with incomes no greater than 100% of area median

income in minority census tracts. Minority census tracts are those that have a minority population of at least 30% and a median income of

less than 100% of area median income.

(6)(i) Home purchase mortgages on single-family, owner-occupied properties to borrowers (regardless of income) in low-income census tracts

that are not minority census tracts, and (ii) home purchase mortgages on single-family, owner-occupied properties to borrowers with

incomes greater than 100% of area median income in low-income census tracts that are also minority census tracts. Low income census

tracts are those where the median income is no greater than 80% of area median income.

(7)Refinance mortgages on single-family, owner-occupied properties to borrowers with incomes no greater than 80% of area median income.

We believe we met all of our 2024 single-family housing goal benchmarks other than the low-income home purchase

benchmark and the very low-income home purchase benchmark. We are in compliance with the single-family housing

goals if we meet either the benchmarks or market share measures, so we may still meet our goals. FHFA will make a

final determination regarding our 2024 single-family housing goals performance later in the year, after the release of

data reported under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act.

If we do not meet our 2024 housing goals, FHFA will determine whether the goals were feasible. If FHFA finds that our

goals were feasible, we may become subject to a housing plan that could require us to take additional steps that could

have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. The housing plan must describe the actions

we would take to meet the goal in the next calendar year and be approved by FHFA. The potential penalties for failure

to comply with housing plan requirements include a cease-and-desist order and civil money penalties.

2025-2027 Single-Family Housing Goals

In December 2024, FHFA published a final rule establishing single-family and multifamily housing goals for Fannie Mae

and Freddie Mac for 2025 through 2027.

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The table below sets forth the single-family housing goal benchmarks for 2025 through 2027.

2025-2027 Single-Family Housing Goals
	FHFA Benchmark Level(1)
Low-income home purchase goal	25	%
Very low-income home purchase goal	6
Low-income areas home purchase goal	TBD(2)
Minority census tracts home purchase subgoal	12
Low-income census tracts home purchase subgoal	4
Low-income refinance goal	26

(1)The FHFA benchmarks are expressed as a percentage of the total number of goal-eligible single-family mortgages acquired during the

year. See the “2023 Single-Family Housing Goals Performance” table above for the definitions of each housing goal and subgoal.

(2)FHFA sets the low-income areas home purchase goal benchmark annually and has not yet set this benchmark for 2025, 2026 or 2027.

FHFA’s final rule establishing 2025-2027 housing goals established new measurement buffers to help determine

whether a housing plan would be required for failing to meet certain single-family housing goals during this period.

Under the rule, FHFA generally would not require that we submit a housing plan if our performance meets or exceeds

the market level for the goal minus a specified measurement buffer; however, if we fail to meet one of the applicable

goals in both 2025 and 2026, the measurement buffer will not apply to that goal in 2027. The measurement buffers are:

(i) 1.3 percentage points for the low-income home purchase goal; (ii) 0.5 percentage points for the very low-income

home purchase goal; and (iii) 1.3 percentage points for the low-income refinance goal. In the adopting release for the

rule, FHFA noted that these measurement buffers will be in place for the 2025-2027 housing goals period due to the

heightened uncertainty in macroeconomic conditions and the difficult mortgage market that is currently forecasted for

2025-2027.

Multifamily Housing Goals

Our multifamily housing goals are based on the percentage share of the goal-eligible units in our annual multifamily loan

acquisitions that are affordable to each income category.

2023 and 2024 Multifamily Housing Goals

In October 2024, FHFA determined that we met all of our 2023 multifamily housing goals and subgoals.

The table below displays more information about our 2023 multifamily housing goals and our performance against these

goals. Our multifamily housing goals for 2024 are the same as those for 2023.

2023 Multifamily Housing Goals Performance
	Goal		Result
	(Percentage share of goal-eligible units)
Low-income goal(1)	61	%	76.3	%
Very low-income subgoal(2)	12		18.7
Small multifamily low-income subgoal(3)	2.5		3.2

(1)Affordable to low-income families, defined as families with incomes less than or equal to 80% of area median income.

(2)Affordable to very low-income families, defined as families with incomes less than or equal to 50% of area median income.

(3)Units in small multifamily properties (defined as properties with 5 to 50 units) affordable to low-income families.

We believe we met all of our 2024 multifamily housing goals. FHFA will make a final determination regarding our 2024

multifamily housing goals performance later in the year.

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2025-2027 Multifamily Housing Goals

The table below sets forth the multifamily housing goal benchmarks for 2025 through 2027.

2025-2027 Multifamily Housing Goals
	FHFA Benchmark Level(1)
	(Percentage share of goal- eligible units)
Low-income goal	61	%
Very low-income goal	14
Small multifamily low-income subgoal	2

(1)See the “2023 Multifamily Housing Goals Performance” table above for the definitions of each housing goal and subgoal.

Duty to Serve Underserved Markets

The GSE Act requires that we serve very low-, low-, and moderate-income families in three specified underserved

markets: manufactured housing, affordable housing preservation and rural housing. FHFA requires that we adopt an

underserved markets plan for each underserved market covering a three-year period that sets forth the activities and

objectives we will undertake to meet our duty to serve in that market.

FHFA has also established an annual process for evaluating our achievements under the plans, with performance

results to be reported to Congress annually. If FHFA determines that we failed to meet the requirements of an

underserved markets plan, FHFA may require us to submit a housing plan for FHFA approval that could require us to

take additional steps. In October 2024, FHFA reported its determination that we complied with our 2023 duty-to-serve

requirements. We believe we also met our 2024 duty-to-serve obligations. In 2025, FHFA will determine our

performance with respect to our 2024 duty-to-serve obligations.

Fair Lending

The GSE Act requires the Secretary of HUD to assure that we meet our fair lending obligations. Among other things,

HUD periodically reviews and comments on our underwriting and appraisal guidelines to ensure consistency with the

Fair Housing Act. In addition, FHFA, as our primary regulator, has broad authority to monitor and enforce our

compliance with fair lending laws and engages in comprehensive fair lending oversight of our activities. In 2021, FHFA

and HUD entered into a memorandum of understanding regarding fair housing and fair lending coordination. Among

other things, the memorandum of understanding allows HUD and FHFA to coordinate on investigations, compliance

reviews, and ongoing monitoring to ensure our compliance with the Fair Housing Act.

In May 2024, FHFA published a final rule relating to fair lending, fair housing and other matters. The provisions of the

rule applicable to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac became effective in July 2024. The rule codifies in regulation, among

other things, much of FHFA’s existing practices and programs regarding fair housing and fair lending oversight of Fannie

Mae, Freddie Mac and the FHLBs. The rule also added oversight of unfair or deceptive acts or practices under Section

5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act to FHFA’s fair housing and fair lending oversight programs, established

responsibilities for the regulated entities’ Boards of Directors relating to fair lending, fair housing, and the prohibition on

unfair or deceptive acts or practices, and added other requirements.

Guaranty Fees and Pricing

Our guaranty fees and pricing are subject to regulatory, legislative and conservatorship requirements, including FHFA

guidance and instruction. These requirements include the following:

•Upfront Fees. FHFA, as conservator, must approve changes to the single-family national loan-level price

adjustments (or upfront fees) that we charge and can direct us to make other changes to our guaranty fee

pricing for new single-family acquisitions.

•Base Fees. We can change our base single-family guaranty fee pricing, subject to minimum base guaranty fees

set by FHFA. These minimum fees generally apply to our acquisitions of 30-year and 15-year single-family

fixed-rate loans in lender swap transactions. FHFA has instructed us to provide at least 60 days’ notice of any

single-family base guaranty fee increase of more than 1 basis point. In January 2025, FHFA instructed us to not

implement any broad-based increases to base single-family guaranty fees until further notice.

•Return Targets. For new single-family and multifamily acquisitions, FHFA has instructed us to meet minimum

return on equity targets based on the enterprise regulatory capital framework requirements (including buffers)

assuming those requirements were in effect today. Our minimum single-family and multifamily acquisition return

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Business | Legislation and Regulation

thresholds are currently aligned with Freddie Mac’s thresholds. FHFA also has instructed us to establish a long-

term target for returns at the enterprise level. These return targets affect the guaranty fees we charge.

•TCCA Fees. Pursuant to the Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011, as amended by the

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021, until October 1, 2032, we are required to collect 10 basis points

in guaranty fees on all single-family mortgages delivered to us on or after April 1, 2012 and pay these amounts

to Treasury. We include these amounts in net interest income and recognize the expense in legislative

assessments in our consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. See “Certain

Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence—Transactions with Related Persons—

Transactions with Treasury—Obligation to Pay TCCA Fees to Treasury” for additional discussion of our TCCA

fees.

•UMBS®. Our ability to change our single-family guaranty fee pricing is limited by the FHFA rule described in

“FHFA Rule on Uniform Mortgage-Backed Securities” below.

In addition, under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, we are not permitted to charge different single-family

guaranty fees based on the business characteristics of the seller, including their size, charter type or volume of business

with us.

New Products and Activities

The GSE Act requires us to notify FHFA before undertaking a new activity and to obtain prior approval before offering a

new product to the market, subject to certain exclusions. The FHFA rule implementing these provisions established a

process for the review of new activities and products by FHFA and defined a new product as any new activity that FHFA

determines merits public notice and comment about whether it is in the public interest. FHFA may approve a new

product proposed by us if FHFA determines that the new product is authorized under our charter, in the public interest

and consistent with safety and soundness. FHFA may place conditions or limitations on a new product or activity.

Executive Compensation

The amount and type of compensation we may pay our executives is subject to legal and regulatory restrictions,

particularly while we are in conservatorship, as described in “Executive Compensation—Compensation Discussion and

Analysis—Restrictions on Executive Compensation.”

FHFA Rule on Uniform Mortgage-Backed Securities

We and Freddie Mac issue single-family uniform mortgage-backed securities, or “UMBS.” We and Freddie Mac are

required to align our programs, policies and practices that affect the prepayment rates of to-be-announced (“TBA”)

market-eligible MBS pursuant to an FHFA rule. The rule is intended to ensure that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac’s

programs, policies and practices that have a material effect on MBS cash flows remain aligned regardless of whether

we and Freddie Mac are in conservatorship. The rule provides a non-exhaustive list of covered programs, policies and

practices, including: single-family guaranty fees; eligibility standards for sellers, servicers, and mortgage insurers;

distressed loan servicing requirements; removal of mortgage loans from securities; servicer compensation; and

proposals that could materially change the credit risk profile of our single-family mortgages. FHFA may mandate

additional alignment efforts in the future that affect our business and our MBS. As a result of this rule, we must evaluate

each potential change to our programs, policies and practices, and if the change may cause misalignment, submit the

change to FHFA for evaluation and approval.

SEC Final Rule Prohibiting Conflicts of Interest in Certain Securitizations

In December 2023, the SEC published a final rule prohibiting conflicts of interest in certain securitization transactions.

The rule prohibits securitization participants from engaging in specified “conflicted transactions” with respect to an

asset-backed security for a period ending one year after the initial sale of that security. Securitization participants will be

required to comply with the rule effective in June 2025.

The final rule clarified that our credit risk transfer transactions are not prohibited transactions under the rule, as they fall

within an exception to the rule; however, we will be required to establish, implement, maintain, and enforce an internal

compliance program that is reasonably designed to ensure our compliance with the conditions of the exception.

Multifamily Residential Lease Standards Policy

In 2024, FHFA established a new multifamily residential lease standards policy that will be applicable to multifamily

properties financed with mortgages backed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Under the policy, covered multifamily

borrowers who receive financing from Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac on or after February 28, 2025 will be required to

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 20

Business | Legislation and Regulation

provide tenants: (1) a 30-day notice of a rent increase for the next lease term, (2) a 30-day notice of a lease term’s

expiration, and (3) a minimum 5-day grace period for late rent payments before fees or other penalties can be charged.

Quality Control Standards for Automated Valuation Models Final Rule

In August 2024, FHFA and five other federal regulatory agencies published a final rule to implement the quality control

standards mandated by the Dodd-Frank Act for the use of automated valuation models (referred to as “AVMs”) by

mortgage originators and secondary market issuers in determining the collateral worth of a mortgage secured by a

consumer’s principal dwelling. Under the final rule, institutions that engage in certain credit decisions or securitization

determinations must adopt policies, practices, procedures and control systems to: ensure that AVMs used in these

transactions to determine the value of mortgage collateral adhere to quality control standards designed to ensure a high

level of confidence in the estimates produced by AVMs; protect against the manipulation of data; seek to avoid conflicts

of interest; require random sample testing and reviews; and comply with applicable nondiscrimination laws. The rule will

become effective on October 1, 2025.

Where You Can Find Additional Information

Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10‑Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all other SEC

reports and amendments to those reports, are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably

practicable after we electronically file the material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Our website address is

www.fanniemae.com. Materials that we file with the SEC are also available from the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov. You

may also request copies of any filing from us, at no cost, by calling the Fannie Mae Investor Relations & Marketing

Helpline at 1-800-2FANNIE (1-800-232-6643).

References in this report to our website or to the SEC’s website do not incorporate information appearing on those

websites unless we explicitly state that we are incorporating the information.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report includes statements that constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the

Exchange Act. In addition, we and our senior management may from time to time make forward-looking statements in

our other filings with the SEC, our other publicly available written statements and orally to analysts, investors, the news

media and others. Forward-looking statements often include words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,”

“believe,” “seek,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “likely,” “may,” “will” or similar words.

Examples of forward-looking statements in this report include, among others, statements relating to our beliefs and

expectations regarding the following matters:

•economic, mortgage market and housing market conditions (including expectations regarding economic growth,

home price growth, multifamily property value growth, the unemployment rate, loan origination volumes,

interest rates and multifamily property net operating income), the factors that will affect those conditions, and

the impact of those conditions on our business and financial results;

•the impact of hedge accounting on the volatility of our financial results;

•our future net worth;

•the future aggregate liquidation preference of our senior preferred stock;

•our future dividend payments on the senior preferred stock;

•our business plans and strategies, and their impact, including our expectations and beliefs relating to: our use

of, and the potential benefits and risks of, artificial intelligence; and our approach to human capital

management, including our succession planning approach;

•the impact of changes in our pricing;

•the factors that will attract private investors in our equity securities and the impact of such factors on our ability

to raise sufficient capital to exit conservatorship and on our business;

•the credit performance of the loans in our guaranty book of business (including future loan delinquencies and

foreclosures) and the factors that will affect such performance;

•the effects of our credit risk transfer transactions, as well as the factors that will affect our engagement in future

credit risk transfer transactions;

•the factors that will affect the competition we face;

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 21

Business | Forward-Looking Statements

•how we intend to repay our debt obligations and the factors that will affect our access to debt funding;

•the factors that will affect our credit ratings and the impact of changes to our credit ratings;

•the impact of legislation and regulation on our business, financial results or financial condition;

•the impact of the adoption of new accounting guidance;

•our housing goals and duty-to-serve performance;

•our payments to HUD and Treasury funds under the GSE Act;

•legal and regulatory proceedings;

•the risks to our business;

•the risk of default or loss relating to specified counterparties;

•climate change and its impact; and

•cyber attacks and other cybersecurity threats, and the impact of our cybersecurity defense tools and systems

safeguards.

Forward-looking statements reflect our management’s current expectations, forecasts or predictions of future conditions,

events or results based on various assumptions and management’s estimates of trends and economic conditions in the

markets in which we are active and that otherwise impact our business plans. Forward-looking statements are not

guarantees of future performance. By their nature, forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and

uncertainties and changes in circumstances. Our actual results and financial condition may differ, possibly materially,

from the anticipated results and financial condition indicated in these forward-looking statements.

There are a number of factors that could cause actual conditions, events or results to differ materially from those

described in our forward-looking statements, including, among others, the following:

•growth, deterioration and the overall health and stability of the U.S. economy, including U.S. gross domestic

product (“GDP”), unemployment rates, personal income, inflation and other indicators thereof;

•deterioration in a specific sector of the U.S. economy or in one or more regional areas of the United States;

•future interest rates and credit spreads;

•the timing and level of, as well as regional variation in, home price changes;

•the size and our share of the U.S. mortgage market (including the volume of mortgage originations) and the

factors that affect them, including population growth and household formation;

•changes in fiscal or monetary policy of the U.S. or other countries, and the impact of such changes on domestic

and international financial markets;

•domestic, regional and global political risks and uncertainties, including the impact of the Russian war in

Ukraine and tensions between China and Taiwan;

•developments that may be difficult to predict, including: market conditions that result in changes in our deferred

guaranty fee income or changes in net interest income from our portfolios; fluctuations in the estimated fair

value of our assets and liabilities; and developments that affect our loss reserves, such as changes in interest

rates or home prices;

•disruptions or instability in the housing and credit markets;

•changes in the demand for Fannie Mae MBS, our debt securities or our credit risk transfer securities, in general

or from one or more major groups of investors;

•constraints on our entry into new credit risk transfer transactions;

•a decrease in our credit ratings;

•limitations on our ability to access the debt capital markets;

•the size, composition, quality and performance of our guaranty book of business and retained mortgage

portfolio;

•how long loans in our guaranty book of business remain outstanding;

•our and our competitors’ future guaranty fee pricing and the impact of that pricing on our competitive

environment and guaranty fee revenues;

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 22

Business | Forward-Looking Statements

•the competitive environment in which we operate, including the impact of legislative, regulatory or other

developments on levels of competition in our industry and other factors affecting our market share;

•the impact of interdependence between the single-family mortgage securitization programs of Fannie Mae and

Freddie Mac in connection with UMBS;

•significant challenges we face in retaining and hiring qualified executives and other employees;

•our conservatorship, including any changes to or termination (by receivership or otherwise) of the

conservatorship and its effect on our business;

•the investment by Treasury, including the impact of past or potential future changes to the terms of the senior

preferred stock purchase agreement, senior preferred stock and warrant, and their effect on our business,

including restrictions imposed on us by the terms of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, the senior

preferred stock, and the warrant, as well as the extent that these or other restrictions on our business and

activities are applied to us through other mechanisms even if we cease to be subject to these agreements and

instruments;

•uncertainty regarding our future, our exit from conservatorship, and our ability to raise or earn the capital

needed to meet our capital requirements;

•the impact of the enterprise regulatory capital framework on our business and financial results;

•future legislative and regulatory requirements or changes, governmental initiatives, or executive orders

affecting us, such as the enactment of housing finance reform legislation, including changes that limit our

business activities or our footprint, impose new mandates on us, or affect our ability to change our pricing;

•future legislative and regulatory requirements or changes, governmental initiatives, or executive orders

affecting macroeconomic conditions, such as changes to trade, fiscal, or immigration policies;

•actions by FHFA, Treasury, the Federal Reserve, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), the

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), HUD,

the CFPB, the SEC or other regulators, Congress, the Executive Branch, or state or local governments that

affect our business;

•changes in the structure and regulation of the financial services industry;

•the potential impact of a change in the corporate income tax rate, which we expect would affect our net income

in the quarter of enactment;

•the possibility that changes in leadership at FHFA or the Administration will result in changes that affect our

company or our business;

•actions we may be required to take by FHFA, in its role as our conservator or as our regulator, such as changes

in the type of business we do, actions relating to UMBS or our resecuritization of Freddie Mac-issued securities,

or credit risk management actions;

•limitations on our business imposed by FHFA, in its role as our conservator or as our regulator;

•adverse effects from activities we undertake to support the mortgage market and help borrowers, renters,

lenders and servicers, including actions we may take to reach additional underserved borrowers;

•a default by the United States government on its obligations;

•a shutdown of the United States government;

•significant changes in forbearance, modification and foreclosure activity;

•the volume and pace of any future nonperforming and reperforming loan sales and their impact on our financial

results and serious delinquency rates;

•changes in borrower behavior;

•actions we may take to mitigate losses, and the effectiveness of our loss mitigation strategies, management of

our REO inventory and pursuit of contractual remedies;

•environmental disasters, terrorist attacks, widespread health emergencies or pandemics, infrastructure failures,

or other disruptive or catastrophic events;

•earthquakes or other natural disasters, including those for which we may be uninsured or under-insured or that

may affect our counterparties or the hazard insurers insuring properties underlying our guaranty book of

business;

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 23

Business | Forward-Looking Statements

•severe weather events, fires, floods, wind or other climate-related events or impacts, including those for which

we may be uninsured or under-insured or that may affect our counterparties or the hazard insurers insuring

properties underlying our guaranty book of business, and other climate-related risks;

•defaults by one or more of our counterparties or by the hazard insurers insuring properties underlying our

guaranty book of business;

•resolution or settlement agreements we may enter into with our counterparties;

•our need to rely on third parties to achieve some of our corporate objectives, including our reliance on

mortgage servicers;

•our reliance on CSS and the common securitization platform CSS operates for a majority of our single-family

securitization activities; provisions in the CSS limited liability company agreement that permit FHFA to appoint

members to the CSS Board of Managers, which limit the ability of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to control

decisions of the Board; and changes FHFA may require in our relationship with or in our support of CSS;

•the effectiveness of our risk management processes and related controls;

•the effectiveness of our business resiliency plans and systems;

•the stability and adequacy of the systems and infrastructure that impact our operations, including ours and

those of CSS, our other counterparties and other third parties;

•our reliance on models and future updates we make to our models, including the data and assumptions used

by these models;

•cyber attacks or other cybersecurity breaches or threats impacting us, the third parties with which we do

business or our regulators;

•changes in GAAP, guidance by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), SEC guidance, and our

accounting policies; and

•the other factors described in “Risk Factors.”

Readers are cautioned not to unduly rely on the forward-looking statements we make and to place these forward-

looking statements into proper context by carefully considering the factors identified above and those discussed in “Risk

Factors” in this report. These forward-looking statements are representative only as of the date they are made, and we

undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or

otherwise, except as required under the federal securities laws.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

The risks we face could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and

net worth, and could cause our actual results to differ materially from our past results or the results contemplated by any

forward-looking statements we make. We believe the risks described below and in the other sections of this report

referenced below are the most significant we face; however, these are not the only risks we face. We face additional

risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial. Refer to “MD&A—Risk

Management,” “MD&A—Single-Family Business” and “MD&A—Multifamily Business” for more detailed descriptions of

the primary risks to our business and how we seek to manage those risks.

Risk Factors Summary

The summary of risks below provides an overview of the principal risks we are exposed to in the normal course of our

business activities. This summary does not contain all of the information that may be important to you, and you should

read the more detailed discussion of risks that follows this summary.

GSE and Conservatorship Risk

•The future of our company is uncertain.

•We are significantly undercapitalized and may be unable to achieve full capitalization.

•FHFA, as our conservator, controls our business activities. We may be required by FHFA to take actions that

are difficult to implement, reduce our profitability or expose us to additional risk.

•Our business activities are significantly affected by the senior preferred stock purchase agreement.

•Our regulator is authorized or required to place us into receivership under specified conditions, which would

result in our liquidation. Amounts recovered by our receiver may not be sufficient to pay claims outstanding

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 24

Risk Factors | Risk Factors Summary

against us, repay the liquidation preference of our preferred stock or to provide any proceeds to common

stockholders.

•Our business and results of operations may be materially adversely affected if we are unable to retain and

recruit well-qualified executives and other employees. The conservatorship, the uncertainty of our future, and

compensation limits put us at a disadvantage in competing for talent.

•Our higher capital requirements relative to our primary competitor could materially negatively affect our

business.

•Pursuing our housing mission requirements may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations

and financial condition.

•The conservatorship and agreements with Treasury adversely affect our common and preferred stockholders.

•The liquidity and market value of our MBS could be materially adversely affected by developments in the

secondary mortgage market or the UMBS market, or by legislative, regulatory or industry developments, which

could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial results and financial condition.

•Our issuance of UMBS and structured securities backed by Freddie Mac-issued securities exposes us to

operational and counterparty credit risk.

•Our reliance on CSS and the common securitization platform exposes us to significant third-party risk.

•We are limited in our ability to diversify our business.

•An active trading market in our equity securities may cease to exist, which would adversely affect the market

price and liquidity of our common and preferred stock.

Credit Risk

•We may incur significant future provisions for credit losses and write-offs on the loans in our book of business,

which could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

•The credit enhancements we use provide only limited protection against potential future credit losses. These

transactions also increase our expenses.

•We may suffer material losses if borrowers suffer property damage as a result of hazards for which the

borrowers have no or insufficient insurance.

•The occurrence of major natural or other disasters in the United States or its territories could materially

increase our provision for credit losses and our write-offs.

•Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by impacts

related to climate change.

•One or more of our institutional counterparties may fail to fulfill their contractual obligations to us, resulting in

financial losses, business disruption and decreased ability to manage risk.

•Our financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected if mortgage servicers fail

to perform their obligations to us.

•We may incur losses as a result of claims under our mortgage insurance policies not being paid in full or at all.

•We could experience additional financial losses due to mortgage fraud.

Operational and Model Risk

•A failure in our operational systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties or the financial services industry,

could cause significant disruptions, materially adversely affect our business, liquidity, results of operations and

financial condition, and materially harm our reputation.

•A cyber attack or other cybersecurity incident relating to our systems or those of third parties with which we do

business could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial results and financial condition.

•Material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting could result in errors in our reported results

or disclosures that are not complete or accurate.

•Failure of our models to produce reliable outputs may materially adversely affect our ability to manage risk and

make effective business decisions, as well as create regulatory and reputational risk.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 25

Risk Factors | Risk Factors Summary

Liquidity Risk

•Limitations on our ability to access the debt capital markets could have a material adverse effect on our ability

to fund our operations, and our liquidity contingency plans may be difficult or impossible to execute during a

sustained liquidity crisis.

•A decrease in the credit ratings on our senior unsecured debt could increase our borrowing costs and have an

adverse effect on our ability to issue debt on reasonable terms, particularly if such a decrease were not based

on a similar action on the credit ratings of the U.S. government. A decrease in our credit ratings also could

require that we post additional collateral for our derivatives contracts.

Market and Industry Risk

•Changes in interest rates or limitations on our ability to manage interest-rate risk successfully could materially

adversely affect our financial results and condition, and increase our interest-rate risk.

•Changes in spreads could materially impact the fair value of our net assets, and therefore our results of

operations and net worth.

•Our business and financial results are affected by general economic conditions, including home prices and

employment trends, and changes in economic conditions or financial markets may materially adversely affect

our business and financial condition. Volatility or uncertainty in global, regional or domestic political conditions

also can significantly affect economic conditions and financial markets.

Legal and Regulatory Risk

•Regulatory changes in the financial services industry and shifts in monetary policy may negatively impact our

business.

•Legislative, regulatory or judicial actions, and changes in interpretations of laws, regulations or accounting

standards, could negatively impact our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity or net worth.

•We face risk of non-compliance with our legal and regulatory obligations, which could have a material adverse

impact on our business, financial results and financial condition.

•Our business and financial results could be materially adversely affected by legal or regulatory proceedings.

General Risk

•In many cases, our accounting policies and methods, which are fundamental to how we report our financial

condition and results of operations, require management to make judgments and estimates about matters that

are inherently uncertain. Management also relies on models in making these estimates.

GSE and Conservatorship Risk

The future of our company is uncertain.

The company faces an uncertain future, including how long we will continue to exist in our current form, the extent of our

role in the market, the level of government support of our business, how long we will be in conservatorship, what form

we will have, what ownership interest, if any, our current common and preferred stockholders will hold in us after the

conservatorship is terminated, and whether we will continue to exist following conservatorship. The conservatorship has

been in place since 2008, is indefinite in duration, and the timing, conditions and likelihood of our emerging from

conservatorship are uncertain. Our conservatorship could terminate through a receivership. Actions taken in connection

with the termination of our conservatorship could substantially dilute or eliminate any value associated with our existing

common stock and preferred stock.

Termination of the conservatorship, other than in connection with a mandatory receivership, requires Treasury’s consent

under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement. In addition, FHFA and Treasury have agreed to undertake certain

actions prior to terminating the conservatorship, other than in connection with receivership.

We believe that our return on equity based on our regulatory capital requirements may not be sufficient to attract private

investors in our equity securities, which we believe limits our options to raise sufficient capital to exit conservatorship.

Increasing our returns to a level sufficient to attract private equity investors may require increases in our pricing or

changes in other aspects of our business that could affect our competitive position, our loan acquisition volumes and

market share, the mix of loans that we acquire or the type of business we do, including the level of support we provide

to low- and moderate-income borrowers and renters. Our ability to increase our returns may be limited given our

business model, our role in the U.S. housing market, and the limitations on our ability to change our guaranty fees and

pricing described in “Business—Legislation and Regulation—Guaranty Fees and Pricing.” In addition, we believe that

Treasury’s ownership of our senior preferred stock and Treasury’s potential additional substantial equity ownership in

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 26

Risk Factors | GSE and Conservatorship Risk

our company, along with restrictions imposed on our business and future dividends and fees we will be required to pay

to Treasury under the current terms of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, reduces our attractiveness to

potential equity investors.

If we exit conservatorship, specified regulatory exemptions that currently apply to us or our securities would no longer

apply, such as the rule implementing the Dodd-Frank Act’s credit risk retention requirement and the Federal Reserve

Board’s single-counterparty credit limits rule. The expiration of these exemptions could result in significant changes to

our business and materially adversely affect our financial results and condition.

The prior Trump Administration was considering plans relating to reform of the housing finance system and our eventual

exit from conservatorship. As of the date of this filing, the new Trump Administration has not issued plans for housing

finance reform or the future of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The Administration and Congress may consider housing

finance reforms or legislation that could result in significant changes in our structure and role in the future, including

proposals that would result in Fannie Mae’s liquidation or dissolution. In addition, Congress may consider legislation,

federal agencies such as FHFA may consider regulations or administrative actions, or the Administration may issue

executive orders that directly or indirectly increase the competition we face, reduce our market share, further restrict our

ability to change our loan pricing, further expand our obligations to provide funds to Treasury, further constrain our

business operations, or subject us to other obligations or restrictions that may adversely affect our business. We cannot

predict the timing or content of housing finance reform legislation or other legislation, regulations or administrative

actions that will impact our activities, nor can we predict the extent of such impact.

We are significantly undercapitalized and may be unable to achieve full capitalization.

Our current capital levels are negative and are significantly below the levels required under the enterprise regulatory

capital framework. We may be unable to achieve full capitalization under the enterprise regulatory capital framework, as

dividends to Treasury on the senior preferred stock may resume before we reach full capitalization. Our efforts to build

capital to meet our requirements can be significantly affected by the amount, type and pricing of our new loan

acquisitions, which can drive increases in our required capital that offset or even outpace increases in our available

capital. For more information on the enterprise regulatory capital framework and our capital metrics as of December 31,

2024, see “Business—Legislation and Regulation—Capital Requirements” and “MD&A—Liquidity and Capital

Management—Capital Management—Capital Requirements.”

FHFA, as our conservator, controls our business activities. We may be required by FHFA to take actions that

are difficult to implement, reduce our profitability or expose us to additional risk.

In conservatorship, our business is not managed with a strategy to maximize stockholder value. Our directors owe their

fiduciary duties of care and loyalty solely to the conservator. Thus, while we are in conservatorship, the Board has no

fiduciary duties to the company or its stockholders. The Supreme Court has interpreted FHFA’s authority as conservator

expansively, noting that “when the FHFA acts as a conservator, it may aim to rehabilitate the regulated entity in a way

that, while not in the best interests of the regulated entity, is beneficial to the Agency and, by extension, the public it

serves.” As conservator, FHFA can direct us to enter into contracts or enter into contracts on our behalf, and generally

has the power to transfer or sell any of our assets or liabilities.

Our strategic direction is subject to FHFA review and approval. FHFA also requires us to meet specified annual

corporate performance objectives referred to as the conservatorship scorecard. We face a variety of different, and

sometimes competing, business objectives and FHFA-mandated activities, such as the initiatives we have been

pursuing under the conservatorship scorecards. FHFA has and may require us to undertake activities that are costly or

difficult to implement and that increase our operational risk. FHFA also has required us to make changes to our

business that have adversely affected our financial results and could require us to make additional changes at any time.

FHFA may require us to undertake some activities that: reduce our profitability; expose us to additional credit, market,

funding, operational, legal, and other risks; or provide additional support for the mortgage market that serves our

mission, but adversely affects our financial results.

FHFA can prevent us from engaging in business activities or transactions that we believe would benefit our business

and financial results, and from time to time has done so. For example, FHFA can both prevent us from making, and

direct us to make, changes to our guaranty fee pricing, and has currently set minimum return thresholds for our loan

acquisitions, as described in “Business—Legislation and Regulation—Guaranty Fees and Pricing.” These factors

constrain our ability to address changing market conditions, pursue certain strategic objectives, manage the mix of

loans we acquire, and compete with Freddie Mac for the acquisition of loans.

With FHFA’s broad powers as conservator, changes in leadership at FHFA, including those resulting from the recent

change in the Administration, could result in significant changes to the goals, direction and regulations that FHFA

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 27

Risk Factors | GSE and Conservatorship Risk

establishes for us and could have a material impact on our business and financial results. The President has the power

to remove the FHFA Director.

Our business activities are significantly affected by the senior preferred stock purchase agreement.

Even if we are released from conservatorship, we would remain subject to the terms of the senior preferred stock

purchase agreement with Treasury, under which we issued the senior preferred stock and warrant, unless those terms

are waived or amended. The senior preferred stock purchase agreement can only be waived or amended with the

consent of Treasury. The agreement includes a number of covenants that significantly restrict our business activities.

We believe these restrictions under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement adversely affect our ability to attract

capital from the private sector. For more information about the covenants in the senior preferred stock purchase

agreement, see “Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements—Treasury Agreements—Covenants.”

Our regulator is authorized or required to place us into receivership under specified conditions, which would

result in our liquidation. Amounts recovered by our receiver may not be sufficient to pay claims outstanding

against us, repay the liquidation preference of our preferred stock or to provide any proceeds to common

stockholders.

The FHFA Director is required to place us into receivership if they make a written determination that our assets are less

than our obligations or if we have not been paying our debts as they become due, in either case, for a period of 60 days

after the SEC filing deadline for any of our Form 10-Ks or Form 10-Qs. Although Treasury committed to providing us

funds in accordance with the terms of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, if we need funding from Treasury

to avoid triggering FHFA’s obligation to place us into receivership, Treasury may not be able to provide sufficient funds

to us within the required 60 days if it has exhausted its borrowing authority, if there is a government shutdown, or if the

funding we need exceeds the amount available to us under the agreement. In addition, with the prior written consent of

Treasury, we could be put into receivership at the discretion of the FHFA Director at any time for the reasons set forth in

the GSE Act, including if our board of directors or stockholders consent to the appointment of a receiver or, if under the

definitions in the GSE Act, we are undercapitalized with no reasonable prospect of becoming adequately capitalized or

we are critically undercapitalized. Under the GSE Act, FHFA succeeded to all of the rights, titles, powers and privileges

of our board of directors and stockholders.

A receivership would terminate our conservatorship. In addition to the powers FHFA has as our conservator, the

appointment of FHFA as our receiver would terminate all rights and claims that our stockholders and creditors may have

against our assets or under our charter arising from their status as stockholders or creditors, except for their right to

payment, resolution or other satisfaction of their claims as permitted under the GSE Act. If we are placed into

receivership and do not or cannot fulfill our MBS guaranty obligations, there may be significant delays of any payments

to our MBS holders, and the MBS holders could become unsecured creditors of ours with respect to claims made under

our guaranty to the extent the mortgage collateral underlying the Fannie Mae MBS is insufficient to satisfy the claims of

the MBS holders.

In the event of a liquidation of our assets, only after payment of secured claims, administrative expenses of the receiver

and the immediately preceding conservator, other obligations of the company (other than obligations to stockholders),

and the liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock, would any liquidation proceeds be available to repay the

liquidation preference on any other series of preferred stock. Finally, only after the liquidation preference on all series of

preferred stock is repaid would any liquidation proceeds be available for distribution to the holders of our common stock.

In the event of such a liquidation, we can make no assurances that there would be sufficient proceeds to make any

distribution to holders of our preferred stock or common stock, other than to Treasury as the holder of our senior

preferred stock. As described in “Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements—Treasury Agreements—

Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and Senior Preferred Stock,” under the current terms of the senior

preferred stock, until the capital reserve end date, the liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock increases

each quarter by the amount of the increase in our net worth, if any, during the immediately prior fiscal quarter. The

aggregate liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock was $212.0 billion as of December 31, 2024, and we

expect it will continue to increase as we increase our net worth.

Our business and results of operations may be materially adversely affected if we are unable to retain and

recruit well-qualified executives and other employees. The conservatorship, the uncertainty of our future, and

compensation limits put us at a disadvantage in competing for talent.

Our business is highly dependent on the talents and efforts of our executives and other employees. The

conservatorship, the uncertainty of our future, and limitations on executive compensation have had, and are likely to

continue to have, an adverse effect on our ability to retain and recruit talent. Departures in key management positions

and challenges in finding replacements could materially harm our ability to manage our business effectively, to

successfully implement strategic initiatives, and ultimately could adversely affect our financial performance.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 28

Risk Factors | GSE and Conservatorship Risk

Actions taken by Congress, FHFA and Treasury to date, or that may be taken by them or other government agencies in

the future, have had and are expected to continue to have an adverse effect on our retention and recruitment of

executives. We are subject to significant restrictions on the amount and type of compensation we may pay as a result of

the senior preferred stock purchase agreement and conservatorship, as described in more detail in “Executive

Compensation—Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Restrictions on Executive Compensation.” For example,

during conservatorship direct annual compensation for our chief executive officer (“CEO”) role is limited to base salary

at an annual rate of $600,000 and our senior executives are prohibited from receiving bonuses. The cap on our CEO

compensation continues to make retention and succession planning for this position difficult, and it may make it difficult

to attract qualified candidates for this critical role in the future. As a result of the restrictions on our compensation, we

have not been able to incent and reward excellent performance and appropriate risk taking with compensation

structures that provide upside potential to our executives, which places us at a disadvantage compared to many other

companies in attracting and retaining executives.

In addition to restrictions on our compensation, our ability to retain and recruit executives and other employees has

been and may continue to be adversely affected by the uncertainty of potential action by the Administration or Congress

with respect to our business, as described in the risk factors above.

We face competition from the financial services and technology industries, and from businesses outside of these

industries, for qualified executives and other employees. If future competition for executive and employee talent remains

strong and if we are unable to attract, promote and retain executives and other employees with the necessary skills and

talent, we would face increased risks for operational failures. In the future, if there are several high-level departures at

approximately the same time, our ability to conduct our business could be materially adversely affected, which could

have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our higher capital requirements relative to our primary competitor could materially negatively affect our

business.

We have higher capital requirements than our primary competitor, Freddie Mac, driven primarily by our larger share of

U.S. residential mortgage debt outstanding. These higher capital requirements relative to Freddie Mac could materially

negatively affect our ability to compete with Freddie Mac for the acquisition of mortgage loans, our market share, and

the profitability and credit characteristics of the loans we acquire.

Pursuing our housing mission requirements may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations

and financial condition.

We are required by the GSE Act and FHFA regulation to support the housing market in ways that could materially

adversely affect our financial results and condition. For example, we are subject to housing goals that require a portion

of the mortgage loans we acquire to meet specified standards relating to affordability or location. We also have a duty to

serve very low-, low- and moderate-income families in three specified underserved markets: manufactured housing,

affordable housing preservation and rural housing.

We are taking actions to support the housing market that could materially adversely affect our profitability and our ability

to meet our targeted return requirements established by FHFA. For example, we are acquiring loans to meet our

housing mission requirements that generally offer lower expected returns than the returns earned on non-mission-

related loans, which negatively affects our ability to meet our targeted return requirements established by FHFA. In

addition, some of the loans we acquire to meet our housing mission requirements pose a higher credit risk than the

other loans we purchase, which could materially increase our provision for credit losses and our write-offs.

If we do not meet our housing goals or duty-to-serve requirements, and FHFA finds that the goals or requirements were

feasible, FHFA may require us to submit a housing plan describing the actions we will take to improve our performance.

The actions we take under the housing plan could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and

financial condition. The potential penalties for failure to comply with housing plan requirements relating to our housing

goals include a cease-and-desist order and civil money penalties. See “Business—Legislation and Regulation” for more

information on our housing goals and duty to serve underserved markets.

The conservatorship and agreements with Treasury adversely affect our common and preferred stockholders.

The material adverse effects on our stockholders of the conservatorship and under the current terms of our agreements

with Treasury include the following:

No voting rights during conservatorship. During conservatorship, our common stockholders do not have the ability to

elect directors or to vote on other matters unless the conservator delegates this authority to them.

No dividends to common or preferred stockholders, other than to Treasury. Our conservator announced in September

2008 that we would not pay any dividends on the common stock or on any series of preferred stock, other than the

senior preferred stock, while we are in conservatorship. In addition, under the terms of the senior preferred stock

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 29

Risk Factors | GSE and Conservatorship Risk

purchase agreement, dividends may not be paid to common or preferred stockholders (other than on the senior

preferred stock) without the prior written consent of Treasury, regardless of whether we are in conservatorship.

Our profits directly increase the liquidation preference of Treasury’s senior preferred stock and we will be required to

pay dividends on the senior preferred stock in the future. The senior preferred stock ranks senior to our common stock

and all other series of our preferred stock, as well as any capital stock we issue in the future, as to both dividends and

distributions upon liquidation. Accordingly, if we are liquidated, the senior preferred stock is entitled to its then-current

liquidation preference, before any distribution is made to the holders of our common stock or other preferred stock.

Under the current terms of the senior preferred stock, until the capital reserve end date, the liquidation preference of the

senior preferred stock increases each quarter by the amount of the increase in our net worth, if any, during the

immediately prior fiscal quarter. We expect the aggregate liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock will

continue to increase as we increase our net worth. In addition, the current terms of the senior preferred stock provide

that, following the capital reserve end date, we will be required to pay dividends on the senior preferred stock of the

lesser of (1) a 10% annual rate on the then-current liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock and (2) an

amount equal to the incremental increase in our net worth during the immediately prior fiscal quarter. The current terms

of the senior preferred stock also provide that dividends will resume when our net worth exceeds the amount of adjusted

total capital necessary for us to meet the capital requirements and buffers set forth in the enterprise regulatory capital

framework, which we expect will occur before the capital reserve end date because our net worth is calculated

differently than, and is higher than, our available capital under the enterprise regulatory capital framework. As of

December 31, 2024, the amount of adjusted total capital necessary for us to meet the capital requirements and buffers

set forth in the enterprise regulatory capital framework was $190 billion, our net worth was $94.7 billion and we had an

available capital deficit of $37 billion. See “Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements—Treasury

Agreements—Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and Senior Preferred Stock” for more information on the

dividend provisions and aggregate liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock.

Exercise of the Treasury warrant would substantially dilute the investment of current stockholders. If Treasury exercises

its warrant to purchase shares of our common stock equal to 79.9% of the total number of shares of our common stock

outstanding on a fully diluted basis, the ownership interest in the company of our then-existing common stockholders

will be substantially diluted.

We are not managed for the benefit of stockholders. Because we are in conservatorship, we are not managed with a

strategy to maximize stockholder returns.

The senior preferred stock purchase agreement, senior preferred stock and warrant can only be waived or amended

with the consent of Treasury. For additional description of the conservatorship and our agreements with Treasury, see

“Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements.”

The liquidity and market value of our MBS could be materially adversely affected by developments in the

secondary mortgage market or the UMBS market, or by legislative, regulatory or industry developments, which

could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial results and financial condition.

The success of UMBS is largely predicated on the fungibility of UMBS issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. If

investors stop viewing Fannie Mae-issued UMBS and Freddie Mac-issued UMBS as fungible, or if investors prefer

Freddie Mac-issued UMBS over Fannie Mae-issued UMBS, it could adversely affect the liquidity and market value of

Fannie Mae MBS, the volume of our UMBS issuances and our guaranty fee revenues. Our competitiveness in

purchasing single-family loans from our lenders and the volume and profitability of our single-family business activity are

affected by the price performance of UMBS issued by us relative to comparable Freddie Mac-issued UMBS. If our

UMBS were to trade at a material discount relative to comparable Freddie Mac-issued UMBS, or at a minor discount for

a prolonged period of time, due to prepayment performance, credit profile or other factors, such a difference in relative

pricing may create an incentive for lenders to conduct more of their single-family business with Freddie Mac.

To support the fungibility of Fannie Mae-issued UMBS and Freddie Mac-issued UMBS, FHFA adopted a rule to align

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac programs, policies and practices that affect the prepayment rates of TBA-eligible

mortgage-backed securities. However, these alignment efforts may not be successful and the prepayment rates on

Fannie Mae-issued UMBS and Freddie Mac-issued UMBS could materially diverge in a manner that is disadvantageous

for us.

It is possible that a liquid market for our UMBS may not be sustained, which could materially adversely affect their price

performance and our single-family market share. A significant reduction in our market share, and thus in the volume of

loans that we securitize, or a reduction in the trading volume of our UMBS, could materially reduce the liquidity of our

UMBS. While we may decide to employ various strategies to support the liquidity and price performance of our UMBS,

any such strategies may fail or may result in our incurring costs that materially adversely affect our business and

financial results. We may cease any such activities at any time, or FHFA could require us to do so, which could

materially adversely affect the liquidity and price performance of our UMBS.

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Risk Factors | GSE and Conservatorship Risk

In addition, we have experienced, and may continue to experience, price differences with Freddie Mac on individual new

production pools of TBA-eligible mortgages, particularly with respect to specified pools and our multi-lender securities.

From time to time, we may need to adjust our pricing for a particular new production pool category or introduce new

initiatives to maintain alignment and competitiveness with Freddie Mac with respect to the acquisition of such pools.

Depending on the amount of pricing adjustments in any period, it is possible that those adjustments could adversely

affect our guaranty fee revenues for that period.

The continued support of FHFA, Treasury, the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, and certain other

regulatory bodies is critical to the success of UMBS. If any of these entities were to cease its support, the liquidity and

market value of Fannie Mae-issued UMBS could be adversely affected. Furthermore, if either we or Freddie Mac exits

conservatorship, it is unclear whether our and Freddie Mac’s programs, policies and practices in support of UMBS and

resecuritizations of each other’s securities would be sustained.

Our issuance of UMBS and structured securities backed by Freddie Mac-issued securities exposes us to

operational and counterparty credit risk.

When we resecuritize Freddie Mac-issued UMBS or other Freddie Mac securities, our guaranty of principal and interest

extends to the underlying Freddie Mac security. Although we have an indemnification agreement with Freddie Mac, in

the event Freddie Mac were to fail (for credit or operational reasons) to make a payment due on its securities underlying

a Fannie Mae-issued structured security, we would be obligated under our guaranty to fund any shortfall and make the

entire payment on the related Fannie Mae-issued structured security on that payment date. A failure by Freddie Mac to

meet these obligations could have a material adverse effect on our earnings and financial condition, and we could be

dependent on Freddie Mac and on the senior preferred stock purchase agreements that we and Freddie Mac each have

with Treasury to avoid a liquidity event or a default under our guaranty. Our current risk exposure to Freddie Mac-issued

securities is provided in “MD&A—Guaranty Book of Business.” In addition, the market value and liquidity profile of

single-family Fannie Mae MBS could be affected by financial and operational incidents relating to Freddie Mac, even if

those incidents do not directly relate to Fannie Mae or Fannie Mae MBS.

Our reliance on CSS and the common securitization platform exposes us to significant third-party risk.

We rely on CSS and its common securitization platform for the operation of a majority of our single-family securitization

activities. Although we jointly own CSS with Freddie Mac, there are limitations on our ability to control CSS.

The CSS Board of Managers currently has eight members—the CSS CEO, two members appointed by Fannie Mae,

two members appointed by Freddie Mac, and three members appointed by FHFA, which includes the Board Chair.

FHFA has the right to appoint one additional board member. If FHFA appoints an additional board member, the four CSS

Board members that we and Freddie Mac appoint could be outvoted by the other five Board members on any matter

during conservatorship and on a number of significant matters after conservatorship.

Board actions must be approved by a majority vote and the Board may not take any actions absent the Chair’s consent.

Once either Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac has exited conservatorship and is not in receivership, the Board Chair and any

board members appointed by FHFA may be removed by a unanimous vote of the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac

members and the CSS CEO. Although the limited liability company agreement would require our approval for certain

“material decisions” if either we or Freddie Mac have exited conservatorship, the CSS Board may approve a number of

actions even after conservatorship over the objection of the board members we appoint, including: approval of the

annual budget and strategic plan for CSS (so long as it does not involve a material business change); withdrawal of

capital by a member; and requiring capital contributions necessary to support CSS’s ordinary business operations. It is

possible that FHFA may require us to make additional changes to the CSS limited liability company agreement, or may

otherwise impose restrictions or provisions relating to CSS or UMBS, that may adversely affect us.

We do not currently pay service fees to CSS under our customer services agreement; its operations are funded entirely

through capital contributions from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac pursuant to the limited liability company agreement.

During conservatorship, FHFA can direct us to enter into an amendment of the customer services agreement, or enter

such an amendment on our behalf, that could provide for a fee structure that would survive an exit from conservatorship

absent a further amendment to the customer services agreement, which a majority of the Board would have to approve.

Although implementation of any fee changes could require a further amendment to the customer services agreement,

we might not have significant leverage to negotiate that amendment and the associated fee changes given our

dependence on CSS.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 31

Risk Factors | GSE and Conservatorship Risk

Our securitization activities are complex and present significant operational and technological challenges and risks. Any

measures we take to mitigate these challenges and risks might not be sufficient to prevent a disruption to our

securitization activities. Our business activities could be adversely affected and the market for single-family Fannie Mae

MBS could be disrupted if the common securitization platform were to fail or otherwise become unavailable to us or if

CSS were unable to perform its obligations to us. Any such failure or unavailability could have a significant adverse

impact on our business and could adversely affect the liquidity or market value of our single-family MBS. In addition, a

failure by CSS to maintain effective controls and procedures could result in material errors in our reported results or in

disclosures that are materially incomplete or materially inaccurate.

We are limited in our ability to diversify our business.

As a federally chartered corporation, we are subject to the limitations imposed by the Charter Act, extensive regulation,

supervision and examination by FHFA, and regulation by other federal agencies, including Treasury, HUD and the SEC.

The Charter Act defines our permissible business activities. For example, we may not originate mortgage loans or

purchase single-family loans in excess of the conforming loan limits, and our business is limited to the U.S. housing

finance sector. FHFA, as our regulator, may impose and has imposed additional limitations on our business. For

example, the GSE Act requires us to obtain prior approval from FHFA for new products and to provide advance notice to

FHFA of new activities. As described in “Business—Legislation and Regulation—Guaranty Fees and Pricing,” we are

also subject to a number of limitations on the guaranty fees we are permitted to charge, which is our primary source of

revenue. As a result of the limitations on our ability to diversify our operations, our financial condition and results of

operations depend almost entirely on conditions in a single sector of the U.S. economy, specifically, the U.S. housing

market. Weak or unstable conditions in the U.S. housing market can therefore have a significant adverse effect on our

business that we cannot mitigate through diversification. For a discussion of current U.S. housing market conditions,

see “MD&A—Key Market Economic Indicators.”

An active trading market in our equity securities may cease to exist, which would adversely affect the market

price and liquidity of our common and preferred stock.

Our common stock and preferred stock are now traded exclusively in the over-the-counter market, and are not currently

listed on any securities exchanges. We cannot predict the actions of market makers, investors or other market

participants, and can offer no assurances that the market for our securities will be stable. If there is no active trading

market in our equity securities, the market price and liquidity of the securities will be adversely affected. In addition, the

market price of our common stock and preferred stock is subject to significant volatility, which may be due to other

factors described in these “Risk Factors,” as well as speculation regarding our future, economic and political conditions

generally, liquidity in the over-the-counter market in which our stock trades, and other factors, many of which are

beyond our control. Such factors could cause the market price of our common stock and preferred stock to decline

significantly from their current levels, which may result in significant losses to holders of our common stock and

preferred stock.

Credit Risk

We may incur significant future provisions for credit losses and write-offs on the loans in our book of business,

which could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We are exposed to a significant amount of mortgage credit risk on our $4.1 trillion guaranty book of business. Borrowers

may fail to make required payments on mortgage loans we own or guaranty. This exposes us to the risk of credit losses.

We have experienced significant provisions for credit losses that have materially adversely affected our financial results

in certain prior periods, and this could occur again in a future period.

In general, significant home price or multifamily property value declines or increased loan delinquencies could materially

increase our provision for credit losses and our write-offs. Loan delinquencies, among other factors, are influenced by

income growth rates and unemployment levels, which affect borrowers’ ability to make their mortgage payments.

Changes in home prices or multifamily property values affect the amount of equity that borrowers have in their

properties. As home prices and multifamily property values increase, the severity of losses we incur on defaulted loans

that we hold or guarantee decreases because the amount we can recover from the properties securing the loans

increases. Conversely, declines in home prices and multifamily property values increase the losses we incur on

defaulted loans. If home prices or multifamily property values decline rapidly and a large number of borrowers default on

their loans, we could experience significant credit losses on our book of business, which could materially adversely

affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Given our expectation of slower economic and home price growth in 2025 and 2026, we expect the credit performance

of the loans in our guaranty book of business may decline compared to recent performance, which is reflected in our

allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2024. If economic conditions are worse than we currently expect, or if

home price growth or multifamily property value growth are slower than we currently expect, we could experience

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 32

Risk Factors | Credit Risk

materially higher provisions for credit losses and write-offs. See “MD&A—Key Market Economic Indicators” for a

discussion of our expectations for economic growth and home prices.

We have loans in our single-family guaranty book of business that are typically associated with higher levels of credit

risk, such as loans with high LTV ratios, high debt-to-income (“DTI”) ratios and lower FICO credit scores. Similarly, we

have loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business that may present higher credit risk, such as high LTV ratios and

lower debt service coverage ratios (“DSCRs”). We present detailed information about the risk characteristics of our

single-family conventional guaranty book of business in “MD&A—Single-Family Business” and our multifamily guaranty

book of business in “MD&A—Multifamily Business.”

Changes in interest rates can also affect our credit losses, as we describe in a risk factor below in “Market and Industry

Risk.”

The credit enhancements we use provide only limited protection against potential future credit losses. These

transactions also increase our expenses.

While we use certain credit enhancements to mitigate some of our potential future credit losses, we may not be able to

obtain as much protection from our credit enhancements as we would like for a number of reasons, including:

•Some of the credit enhancements we use, such as mortgage insurance, Credit Insurance Risk TransferTM

(“CIRTTM”) transactions and DUS lender loss-sharing arrangements, are subject to the risk that the

counterparties may not meet their obligations to us, which we discuss in a risk factor below.

•Our Connecticut Avenue Securities® (“CAS”) and CIRT credit risk transfer transactions have limited terms, after

which they provide limited or no further credit protection on the covered loans.

•Our credit risk transfer transactions are not designed to shield us from all losses because we retain a portion of

the risk of future losses on loans covered by these transactions, including all or a portion of the first loss

position in most transactions.

•In the event of a sufficiently severe economic downturn or other adverse market conditions, we may not be able

to enter into new back-end credit risk transfer transactions for our recent acquisitions on economically

advantageous terms.

•Mortgage insurance does not protect us from all losses on covered loans. For example, mortgage insurance

does not cover property damage that is not already covered by the hazard or flood insurance we require, and

such damage may result in a reduction to, or a denial of, mortgage insurance benefits. 

In addition, the costs associated with credit risk transfer transactions are significant and may increase. For a discussion

of how we use credit risk transfer transactions to reduce our credit risk and manage our capital requirements, see

“MD&A—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Single-Family Credit

Enhancement and Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk” and “MD&A—Multifamily Business—Multifamily Mortgage Credit

Risk Management—Multifamily Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk.”

We may suffer material losses if borrowers suffer property damage as a result of hazards for which the

borrowers have no or insufficient insurance.

We require borrowers to obtain and maintain property insurance to cover the risk of damage to their homes or

properties resulting from hazards such as fire, wind and, for properties in a Federal Emergency Management Agency

(“FEMA”)-designated Special Flood Hazard Area, flooding. However, insurance would not cover property damage from

hazards for which we do not generally require insurance, such as earthquake damage or flood damage on a property

located outside a Special Flood Hazard Area. There may be instances in which borrowers’ claims under insurance

policies are not paid, borrowers’ insurance is insufficient to cover their losses, borrowers fail to use insurance proceeds

to make improvements to the property commensurate with the value of the damaged improvements, or borrowers fail to

maintain insurance and suffer property damage. Additionally, hazard insurers may experience significant financial strain

and be unable to make payments on related claims during a period in which significant numbers of mortgaged

properties are damaged by natural or other disasters. Since we generally permit borrowers to select and obtain required

hazard insurance policies, our requirements for hazard insurance coverage are verified by the lender or servicer, as

applicable. For single-family loans, we require a minimum financial strength rating for nongovernmental hazard insurers

that must be provided by S&P Global, Demotech, AM Best or KBRA, while for multifamily loans the rating must be

provided by Demotech or AM Best. We do not independently verify the financial condition of these hazard insurers and

rely on these rating agencies for their assessment of the financial condition of these insurers. To the extent that

borrowers suffer property damage as a result of a hazard that is uninsured or underinsured, or the hazard insurer does

not pay their claim, the borrowers may not pay their mortgage loans. If borrowers fail to make required payments on

mortgage loans we own or guarantee, we could experience significant provisions for credit losses and write-offs on the

loans in our book of business.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 33

Risk Factors | Credit Risk

We estimate that, as of December 31, 2024, only a small portion of loans in our guaranty book of business were located

in a Special Flood Hazard Area, for which we require flood insurance: 3.3% of loans in our single-family guaranty book

of business and 7.4% of loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business. We believe that only a small portion of

borrowers in most places outside of these areas obtain flood insurance. The risk of significant flooding in places outside

of a Special Flood Hazard Area is expected to increase due to climate change. Furthermore, FEMA flood maps may not

accurately reflect the extent of flood risks in certain areas, and do not indicate how the risk will change in the future.

Single-family borrowers who obtain flood insurance generally rely on the National Flood Insurance Program (“NFIP”),

which was recently extended through March 14, 2025. If Congress fails to extend or re-authorize the program upon

future expirations, FEMA may not have sufficient funds to pay claims for flood damage, and borrowers may not be able

to renew their flood insurance coverage or obtain new policies through the NFIP. In addition, NFIP insurance does not

cover temporary living expenses, and the maximum limit of coverage available under NFIP for a single-family residential

property is $250,000, which may not be sufficient to cover all losses.

Increases in the intensity or frequency of floods or other weather-related disasters as a result of climate change are

expected to increase the foregoing risks. In some areas, some insurers have ceased writing new coverage or have

significantly increased insurance premiums for certain perils. As coverage becomes unavailable or prohibitively

expensive in an area, home prices or multifamily property values may experience considerable negative impacts, and

borrowers may face greater financial strain. For example, the recent California wildfires have resulted in widespread

property damage, which may lead to increased insurance costs, diminished housing affordability and economic

instability in that region. Ultimately, the desirability of areas that frequently experience hurricanes, wildfires, or other

natural disasters or face chronic climate-related physical risks, may diminish over time. This could adversely affect those

regions’ economies, home prices and multifamily property values, which may negatively impact our financial results. In

addition, investors may place greater weight on climate-related risks when making investment decisions, which could

increase our cost or ability to transfer credit risk.

The occurrence of major natural or other disasters in the United States or its territories could materially

increase our provision for credit losses and our write-offs.

We conduct our business in the single-family and multifamily residential mortgage markets and own or guarantee the

performance of mortgage loans throughout the United States and its territories. The occurrence of a major disruptive

event, such as a major natural or environmental disaster, terrorist attack, cyber attack, pandemic, or similar event, in the

United States or its territories could negatively impact our provision for credit losses and our write-offs on loans in the

affected geographic area or, depending on the magnitude, scope and nature of the event, nationally, in a number of

ways.

A major disruptive event that either damages or destroys single-family or multifamily real estate securing mortgage

loans in our book of business or negatively impacts the ability of borrowers to make principal and interest payments on

mortgage loans in our book of business could increase our delinquency rates, default rates and average loan loss

severity of our book of business in the affected region or regions. The amount of losses we incur following a major

disruptive event is affected by the availability of federal, state, or local assistance to borrowers affected by the event. If

such assistance is unavailable or severely limited following a major disruptive event, it could impact borrowers’ ability to

repay their mortgage loans and adversely affect our business and financial results. In January 2025, the Administration

issued an executive order establishing a council to provide recommendations for FEMA’s reform.

Further, a major disruptive event or a long-lasting increase in the vulnerability of an area to disasters that affects

borrowers’ ability to make payments on their mortgages, discourages housing activity, including homebuilding or home

buying, or causes a deterioration in housing conditions or the general economy in the affected region could lower the

volume of originations in the mortgage market, influence home prices and multifamily property values in the affected

region or in adjacent regions and increase delinquency rates and default rates. Any of these outcomes could generate

significant provisions for credit losses and write-offs.

Additionally, we do not differentiate our single-family guaranty fee pricing based on geographic area; therefore, we do

not charge higher upfront guaranty fees on single-family loans in geographic areas that may be more susceptible to

major disruptive or climate-related events. Charging differentiated single-family upfront guaranty fees on loans in certain

geographic areas would require the approval of FHFA as conservator.

Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by impacts

related to climate change.

Climate change presents both immediate and long-term risks to our business, financial condition and results of

operations. We face physical risks relating to event-driven (acute) disasters and longer-term (chronic) shifts in climate

patterns. We also face risks resulting from a potential transition to a lower-carbon economy.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 34

Risk Factors | Credit Risk

Recent years have seen frequent and severe natural disasters in the U.S., including wildfires, hurricanes, tornadoes,

high winds, severe flooding, mudslides, and environmental contamination. We believe the frequency and intensity of

major weather-related events in recent years are indicative of the impacts of climate change, which we expect to persist

and worsen in the future. Population growth and an increase in people living in high-risk areas, such as coastal areas

vulnerable to severe storms and flooding, have also increased the impact of these events.

Although our financial exposure from these events is mitigated to the extent our book of business is geographically

diverse, we remain exposed to risk, particularly in connection with the risk of geographically widespread weather events

and changes in weather patterns, as well as geographic areas where our book of business is more heavily

concentrated. For a description of the geographic concentration of our single-family guaranty book of business, see

“MD&A—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Single-Family Guaranty Book

Diversification and Monitoring,” and for our multifamily guaranty book of business, see “MD&A—Multifamily Business—

Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Multifamily Guaranty Book Diversification and Monitoring.” As a result,

any continuation or increase in recent weather trends or their unpredictability, or any single natural disaster of significant

scope or intensity, could have a material impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

In addition to the impact of natural disasters, longer-term shifts in climate patterns could result in chronic risks such as

sustained higher temperatures, sea level rise, water scarcity and increased wildfires that negatively affect certain

regions, which could negatively affect home prices and multifamily property values in those regions, the availability,

quality and affordability of insurance, as well as the ability of borrowers in those regions to pay their mortgage loans.

Efforts to address climate risks, such as transitioning to a lower-carbon economy, could also affect our business.

Regulatory actions, new building codes, carbon taxes, and energy efficiency requirements could increase housing and

compliance costs, impacting borrowers’ ability to pay their mortgage loans. Changes in borrower and renter

preferences, migration patterns, and property values driven by climate-related concerns could also increase our risk

exposure. A transition away from more carbon-intense industries could negatively impact certain industries and regional

economies, affecting the ability of borrowers in those industries or regions to pay their mortgage loans.

The timing and severity of climate-related events or societal changes in reaction to them are difficult to predict. Our

business and reputation may be harmed if our response to climate-related risks is perceived to be ineffective or

insufficient. While we are taking steps to integrate climate risk considerations into our Enterprise Risk Management

framework, our risk management strategies may not be effective in mitigating our climate risk exposure. As regulators

begin to mandate additional disclosure of climate-related information by companies, there may continue to be a lack of

information needed for robust climate-related risk analyses. Third-party exposures to climate-related risks and other

data generally are limited in availability and vary in quality. Modeling capabilities to analyze climate-related risks and

interconnections are improving but remain incomplete. We believe these limitations will affect our ability to identify and

manage climate-related risks. For a discussion on climate and natural disaster risk management, see “MD&A—Risk

Management—Climate and Natural Disaster Risk Management.”

One or more of our institutional counterparties may fail to fulfill their contractual obligations to us, resulting in

financial losses, business disruption and decreased ability to manage risk.

We rely on our institutional counterparties to provide services and credit enhancements that are critical to our business.

We face the risk that one or more of our institutional counterparties may fail to fulfill their contractual obligations to us. If

an institutional counterparty defaults on its obligations to us, it could also negatively impact our ability to operate our

business, as we outsource some of our critical functions to third parties, such as mortgage servicing, single-family

Fannie Mae MBS issuance and administration, and certain technology functions.

Our primary exposures to institutional counterparties are with:

•credit guarantors that provide credit enhancements on the mortgage assets in our guaranty book of business,

including mortgage insurers, reinsurers, and multifamily lenders with risk-sharing arrangements;

•mortgage lenders that sell loans to us and mortgage lenders and other counterparties that service our loans;

and

•the financial institutions that issue the investments held in our corporate liquidity portfolio.

We also have direct counterparty exposure to: derivatives counterparties; custodial depository institutions; mortgage

originators, investors and dealers; debt security dealers; central counterparty clearing institutions; and document

custodians.

The concentration of our counterparties in similar or related businesses heightens our counterparty risk exposure. We

routinely enter into a high volume of transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including brokers

and dealers, mortgage lenders and commercial banks, and mortgage insurers, resulting in a significant credit

concentration with respect to this industry. We may also have multiple exposures to particular counterparties, as many

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 35

Risk Factors | Credit Risk

of our counterparties perform several types of services for us. For example, our lenders or their affiliates may also act

as derivatives counterparties, mortgage servicers, custodial depository institutions or document custodians. Accordingly,

if one of these counterparties were to become insolvent or otherwise default on its obligations to us, it could harm our

business and financial results in a variety of ways.

An institutional counterparty may default on its obligations to us for a number of reasons, such as changes in financial

condition that affect its credit rating, changes in its servicer rating, a reduction in liquidity, operational failures, a

cybersecurity incident, or insolvency. In the event of a bankruptcy or receivership of one of our counterparties, we may

be required to establish evidence of our ownership rights to the assets these counterparties hold on our behalf to the

satisfaction of the bankruptcy court or receiver, which could result in a delay in accessing these assets causing a

decline in their value. Counterparty defaults or limitations on their ability to do business with us could result in significant

financial losses or hamper our ability to do business or manage the risks to our business. In addition, if we are unable to

replace a defaulting counterparty that performs services critical to our business, it could adversely affect our ability to

conduct our operations and manage risk.

We have significant exposure to institutions in the financial services industry relating to derivatives, funding, short-term

lending, securities, and other transactions. We depend on our ability to enter into derivatives transactions with our

derivatives counterparties in order to manage the duration and prepayment risk of our retained mortgage portfolio. If we

lose access to our derivatives counterparties, it could adversely affect our ability to manage these risks.

We use clearinghouses to facilitate many of our derivative trades. If the clearinghouse or the clearing member we use to

access the clearinghouse defaults, we could lose margin that we have posted with the clearing member or

clearinghouse. We are also a clearing member of two divisions of Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (“FICC”), a central

counterparty (“CCP”). One FICC division clears our trades involving securities purchased under agreements to resell,

securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and other non-mortgage related securities. The other division clears

our forward purchase and sale commitments of mortgage-related securities, including dollar roll transactions. As a

clearing member of FICC, we are exposed to the risk of losses if the CCP or one or more of the CCP’s clearing

members fails to perform its obligations, because each FICC clearing member is required to absorb a portion of the

losses incurred by other clearing members if they fail to meet their obligations to the clearinghouse. We could also incur

losses associated with replacing transactions cleared through FICC in the event of a default by, or the financial or

operational failure of, FICC. For more information, see “MD&A—Risk Management—Institutional Counterparty Credit

Risk Management—Other Counterparties—Central Counterparty Clearing Institutions.”

We also have indirect counterparty exposure to many different types of entities that provide services and credit

enhancements to our direct counterparties, such as hazard insurers.

Our financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected if mortgage servicers fail

to perform their obligations to us.

We delegate the servicing of the mortgage loans in our guaranty book of business to mortgage servicers; we do not

have our own servicing function. Functions performed by mortgage servicers on our behalf include collecting and

delivering principal and interest payments, administering escrow accounts, monitoring and reporting delinquencies,

performing default prevention and loss mitigation activities, and other functions. A servicer’s inability or other failure to

perform these functions or to follow our requirements could negatively impact our ability to, among other things:

•manage our book of business;

•collect amounts due to us;

•actively manage troubled loans; and

•implement our homeownership assistance, foreclosure prevention and other loss mitigation efforts.

A decline in a servicer’s performance, such as delayed or missed opportunities for loan workouts, foreclosure

alternatives or foreclosures, could significantly affect our ability to mitigate credit losses and could materially adversely

affect the overall credit performance of the loans in our guaranty book of business. Servicers may experience financial

and other difficulties due to the advances they are required to make on our behalf on delinquent mortgages, including

mortgages subject to forbearance plans. We could be materially adversely affected if our servicers lack appropriate

controls, experience a failure in their controls, or experience a disruption in their ability to service loans, including as a

result of legal or regulatory actions, ratings downgrades, liquidity constraints, operational failures or cybersecurity

incidents. We have experienced losses as a result of servicers’ failure to perform their obligations.

As of December 31, 2024, over half of our single-family guaranty book and over half of our multifamily guaranty book

were serviced by non-depository servicers. The generally lower financial strength and liquidity of non-depository

mortgage servicers compared with depository mortgage servicers may negatively affect their ability to fully satisfy their

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 36

Risk Factors | Credit Risk

financial obligations or to properly service the loans on our behalf. Non-depository servicers also are generally not

subject to the same level of regulatory oversight as our mortgage servicer counterparties that are depository institutions.

Replacing a mortgage servicer can result in potentially significant increases in our costs, as well as increased

operational risks. If a mortgage servicer fails, it could result in a temporary disruption in servicing and loss mitigation

activities relating to the loans serviced by that mortgage servicer, particularly if there is a loss of experienced servicing

personnel. We may also face challenges in transferring a large servicing portfolio. Although we have contingency plans

in the event of a failure of one or more of our top mortgage servicers, there can be no assurance that we will be able to

successfully execute against those plans in times of severe economic stress in the mortgage servicing industry.

The actions we have taken to mitigate our credit risk exposure to mortgage servicers may not be sufficient to prevent us

from experiencing significant financial losses or business interruptions in the event they cannot fulfill their obligations to

us.

We may incur losses as a result of claims under our mortgage insurance policies not being paid in full or at all.

We rely heavily on mortgage insurers to provide insurance against borrower defaults on single-family conventional

mortgage loans with LTV ratios over 80% at the time of acquisition. Although our primary mortgage insurer

counterparties currently approved to write new business must meet risk-based asset requirements, there is still a risk

that these counterparties may fail to fulfill their obligations to pay our claims under insurance policies. If a currently

approved mortgage insurer fails to meet its obligations to reimburse us for claims, our credit losses could increase. In

addition, if a regulator determines that a currently approved mortgage insurer lacks sufficient capital to pay all claims

when due, the regulator could take action that might affect the timing and amount of claim payments made to us by our

approved mortgage insurer counterparties. We face similar risks with respect to our credit insurance risk transfer

counterparties.

With respect to primary mortgage insurers that we have approved to write coverage on loans sold to us, we currently do

not differentiate pricing based on counterparty strength or operational performance. Additionally, we would not revoke a

primary mortgage insurer’s status as an eligible insurer unless there were a material violation of our private mortgage

insurer eligibility requirements. Further, we do not generally select the provider of primary mortgage insurance on a

specific loan, because the selection is usually made by the lender at the time the loan is originated. Accordingly, we

have limited ability to manage our concentration risk with respect to primary mortgage insurers.

On at least a quarterly basis, we assess our mortgage insurer counterparties’ respective abilities to fulfill their

obligations to us, and our loss reserves take into account this assessment. If our assessment indicates their ability to

pay claims has deteriorated significantly or if our projected claim amounts have increased, we could experience a

material increase in our provision for credit losses and write-offs.

We could experience additional financial losses due to mortgage fraud.

We use a process of delegated underwriting in which single-family and multifamily lenders make specific

representations and warranties about the characteristics of the mortgage loans we purchase and securitize. As a result,

while we have implemented certain quality control processes, we do not independently verify all borrower information

that is provided to us. This exposes us to an increased risk that one or more of the parties involved in a transaction

(such as the borrower, borrower’s attorney, sponsor, seller, broker, appraiser, property inspector, title agent, lender or

servicer) will engage in fraud by misrepresenting facts about a mortgage loan. Similarly, we rely on delegated servicing

of loans and use of a variety of external resources to assist in asset management functions, including managing our

REO inventory. For a discussion of how we mitigate this risk, see “MD&A—Single-Family Business” and “MD&A—

Multifamily Business.” We have experienced financial losses resulting from mortgage fraud, including institutional fraud

perpetrated by counterparties. In the future, we may experience additional financial losses as a result of mortgage fraud

that could be material to our financial results.

We have discovered instances of multifamily lending transactions in which one or more of the parties involved engaged

in mortgage fraud or possible mortgage fraud, and we continue to investigate additional multifamily lending transactions

in which we suspect fraud may have occurred and may discover additional multifamily loans we have purchased that

were affected by fraud. Certain gaps have been identified in our processes for managing multifamily loan origination

fraud risk and for overseeing our multifamily seller/servicer counterparties. See “MD&A—Multifamily Business—

Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Multifamily Acquisition Policy and Underwriting Standards” for a

discussion of actions we have taken and are taking to improve these processes. Until we implement our remaining

planned process improvements for managing multifamily loan origination fraud risk and oversight of multifamily seller/

servicer counterparties, we may face a higher risk that we will be unable to detect or prevent fraudulent multifamily

lending transactions, which could negatively affect our future financial results and condition.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 37

Risk Factors | Operational and Model Risk

Operational and Model Risk

A failure in our operational systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties or the financial services industry,

could cause significant disruptions, materially adversely affect our business, liquidity, results of operations

and financial condition, and materially harm our reputation.

Shortcomings or failures in our internal processes, people, or systems, third parties, or external events, could

significantly disrupt our business or have a material adverse effect on our risk management, liquidity, financial statement

reliability, financial condition and results of operations. Such a failure could result in legislative or regulatory intervention

or sanctions, liability to counterparties, financial losses, business disruptions and damage to our reputation. For

example, our business is highly dependent on our ability to manage and process, on a daily basis, an extremely large

number of transactions, many of which are highly complex, across numerous and diverse markets that continuously and

rapidly change and evolve. These transactions are subject to various legal, accounting and regulatory standards. Our

financial, accounting, data processing or other operating systems and facilities may fail to operate properly or become

disabled or damaged as a result of a number of factors, including events that are wholly or partially beyond our control,

adversely affecting our ability to process these transactions or manage associated data with reliability and integrity. For

example, a third-party software update could negatively affect the functionality of our systems. In addition, we rely on

information provided by third parties in processing many of our transactions; that information may be incorrect or we

may fail to properly manage or analyze it or properly monitor its data quality.

We rely upon business processes that are highly dependent on people, technology, data and the use of numerous

complex systems and models to manage our business and produce information upon which our financial statements

and risk reporting are prepared. This reliance increases the risk that we may be exposed to financial, reputational or

other losses as a result of inadequately designed internal processes or data management architecture, inflexible

technology or the failure of our systems. In addition, our use of third-party service providers for some of our business

and technology functions increases the risk that an operational failure by a third party will adversely affect us. For

example, we use third-party service providers for cloud infrastructure services. We have experienced interruptions in

access to our platforms as a result of connectivity issues with third-party cloud-based platforms and related data centers

and could experience disruptions again if there is a lapse of service, interruption of internet service provider connectivity

or damage to third-party cloud-based platforms or any related data centers. The risk of these disruptions is exacerbated

by key fourth-party relationships, in which some of our third-party service providers have engaged subcontractors to

provide key services and our ability to assess the fourth party’s operational controls is limited.

While we continue to enhance our technology, infrastructure, operational controls and organizational structure in order

to reduce our operational risk, these actions may not be effective to manage these risks. Moreover, some of our

initiatives designed to reduce our operational risk over the long term, particularly those relating to the implementation of

new technology and the transition to third-party cloud-based platforms, increase our operational risk over the short term

as we implement the changes, as many involve significant changes to our business processes, controls, systems and

infrastructure. If we fail to implement these initiatives in a well-managed, secure and effective manner, we may

experience significant unplanned service disruptions or unforeseen costs, which could result in material harm to our

business and results of operations.

Our ability to manage and aggregate data may be limited by the effectiveness of our policies, programs, processes,

systems and practices that govern how data is acquired, validated, stored, protected, processed and shared. Failure to

manage data effectively and to aggregate data in an accurate and timely manner may limit our ability to manage current

and emerging risks, as well as to manage changing business needs. The increasing use of new third-party and open

source artificial intelligence tools poses additional risks relating to the protection of data, including the potential

exposure of our proprietary confidential information to unauthorized recipients and the misuse of our intellectual

property. Third-party service providers or other external parties, or our employees, may use artificial intelligence in ways

we have not authorized that may increase our risk of loss of our confidential data or intellectual property, or that create

operational or reputational risks for us.

We use artificial intelligence and machine learning technology to help manage some of the operational risks we face.

Our use of this technology presents risks, including the potential for outages, inefficiencies, data loss, and bias or errors

in the technology’s analysis and conclusions while the technology and our use of the technology matures. Additionally,

the use of artificial intelligence within products or services that we use or that are used by our third-party service

providers may pose similar risks.

We also face the risk of operational failure, termination or capacity constraints of any of the clearing agents, paying

agents, exchanges, clearinghouses or other financial intermediaries, including the Federal Reserve, we use to facilitate

our securities and derivatives transactions. Moreover, the consolidation and interconnectivity among clearing agents,

exchanges and clearing houses increases the risk of operational failure, on both an individual basis and an industry-

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 38

Risk Factors | Operational and Model Risk

wide basis. Any such failure, termination or constraint could adversely affect our ability to effect transactions or manage

our exposure to risk.

Most of our employees and business operations functions are consolidated in two metropolitan areas: Washington, DC

and Dallas, Texas. A major disruptive event at or affecting either location (such as severe weather, natural disaster,

utility failure, civil unrest, terrorist attack or active shooter) could significantly adversely impact our ability to conduct

normal business operations. Moreover, because of the concentration of our employees in the Washington, DC and

Dallas metropolitan areas, a regional disruption, particularly a disruption with a sustained impact, in one of these areas

could prevent our employees from accessing our facilities, working remotely, or communicating with or traveling to other

locations. Accordingly, the occurrence of one or more major disruptive events could materially adversely affect our ability

to conduct our business and lead to financial losses.

A cyber attack or other cybersecurity incident relating to our systems or those of third parties with which we do

business could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial results and financial condition.

Our operations rely on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other information (including

personal information) in our computer systems and networks, and those of third parties with which we do business.

Cybersecurity risks for large institutions like us have continued to increase, in part because of the proliferation of new

technologies and the use of the Internet, telecommunications and cloud technologies to conduct financial transactions,

and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, “hacktivists,” terrorists, and other external

parties, including nation-states and foreign state-sponsored threat actors. A number of financial services companies,

consumer-based companies, software and information technology service providers, and other organizations have

reported the unauthorized access or disclosure of client, customer or other confidential information (including personal

information), as well as cybersecurity incidents involving the dissemination, theft or destruction of corporate information

or other assets. There have also been many highly publicized cyber attacks where threat actors have requested

“ransom” payments in exchange for not disclosing stolen customer information or for restoring access to the company’s

systems. In addition, there have been cyber attacks against companies where threat actors have misled company

personnel into granting unauthorized access or making unauthorized transfers of funds to the actors’ accounts.

We have been, and expect to continue to be, the target of cyber attacks and other cybersecurity threats, such as

computer viruses, malware, ransomware, denial of service attacks, phishing and other social engineering attacks, and

data breaches. We also have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, incidents such as server malfunctions,

system outages, and software or hardware failures. We could also be materially adversely affected by cybersecurity

incidents that target the infrastructure of the Internet and critical service providers, as such incidents could cause

widespread unavailability of websites, applications and application programming interfaces (“APIs”), and degrade

website, application and API performance. Despite our efforts to protect the integrity of our systems and information, we

may not be able to anticipate, detect or recognize all cybersecurity threats, or to implement effective preventative

measures against all cybersecurity threats, especially because the techniques used in cyber attacks are increasingly

sophisticated, change frequently, and in some cases are not recognized until launched or even later. To date,

cybersecurity incidents have not had a material impact on our business strategy, business, financial results or financial

condition. However, we could suffer material financial or other losses, as well as material reputational damage, as a

result of cybersecurity incidents.

Our risk and exposure to cyber attacks and other cybersecurity incidents remain heightened because of, among other

things:

•the evolving nature and increasing frequency of these threats, including the emergence of powerful new

technologies to assist threat actors in cyber attacks, such as generative artificial intelligence, machine learning

and quantum computing;

•the persistence, sophistication and intensity of cybersecurity threats;

•our prominent size and scale and our role in the financial services industry;

•the outsourcing of some of our business operations;

•our and our third parties’ use of automation, artificial intelligence and robotics;

•a shortage of qualified cybersecurity professionals in the industry;

•our migration to cloud-based systems;

•our use of employee-owned devices for business communication;

•the interconnectivity and interdependence of external parties to our systems; and

•the current global economic and political environment.

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Risk Factors | Operational and Model Risk

We routinely identify cybersecurity threats as well as vulnerabilities in our systems and work to address or mitigate

those we have identified. Some cybersecurity vulnerabilities take a substantial amount of time to resolve or mitigate. We

continue to have cybersecurity vulnerabilities that we have identified but not resolved or mitigated. In addition, efforts to

resolve or mitigate some of our cybersecurity vulnerabilities may be unsuccessful and some cybersecurity vulnerabilities

may not be possible to resolve. We may also have cybersecurity vulnerabilities that we have not yet identified.

Cyber attacks can originate from a variety of sources, including external parties who are affiliated with foreign

governments or are involved with organized crime or terrorist organizations. Cybersecurity risks also derive from human

error, fraud or malice on the part of our employees or third parties. Threat actors have attempted, and we expect will

continue to attempt, to induce employees, lenders, servicers, vendors, service providers, counterparties or other users

of our systems to disclose sensitive information or provide access to our systems or network, or to our data or that of

our counterparties or borrowers, and these types of risks may be difficult to detect or prevent.

Cybersecurity incidents from time to time could result in the theft of important assets or the unauthorized disclosure,

gathering, monitoring, misuse, corruption, loss or destruction of confidential and other information (including personal

information) that belongs to us, our lenders, our servicers, our counterparties, third-party service providers or borrowers

that is processed and stored in, and transmitted through, our computer systems and networks. These incidents could

also result in damage to our systems or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our, our lenders’, our

counterparties’ or third parties’ operations, systems or networks, which could disrupt our day-to-day business activities

and negatively affect our ability to effect business transactions and manage our exposure to risk. We have experienced

cybersecurity incidents and some of these incidents have resulted in disruptions to our systems and/or those of our

lenders, counterparties and other third parties, as well as financial losses. While to date the impact of these incidents

has not been material to our business strategy, business, financial results or financial condition, cybersecurity incidents

could result in financial losses, loss of lenders, servicers and business opportunities, reputational damage, damage to

our competitive position, litigation, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, reimbursement or other compensatory

costs or other harms that have a material adverse impact on our business strategy, business, financial results or

financial condition.

Cyber attacks or other cybersecurity incidents can persist for an extended period of time without detection. It may take

considerable time to complete an investigation of a cybersecurity incident and obtain full and reliable information. While

we are investigating a cybersecurity incident, we may not know the full impact of the incident or how to remediate it, and

actions and decisions that are taken or made may further increase the negative impact of the incident. In addition,

announcing that a cyber attack or cybersecurity incident has occurred may worsen the impact of the attack or incident,

and may increase the risk of additional cyber attacks. All or any of these challenges could further increase the costs and

consequences of a cybersecurity incident, as well as hinder our ability to obtain and provide rapid, complete and reliable

information about a cybersecurity incident. We may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify or

add to our protective measures and to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures arising from

cybersecurity risks.

Although we maintain insurance coverage relating to cybersecurity risks, our insurance may not be sufficient to provide

adequate loss coverage (including if the insurer denies future claims) and may not continue to be available to us on

economically reasonable terms, or at all. Further, we cannot ensure that any indemnification or limitation of liability

provisions in our agreements with lenders, servicers, service providers, vendors, counterparties and other third parties

with which we do business would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from liabilities or damages

with respect to a particular claim in connection with a cybersecurity incident.

Third parties with which we do business and our regulators are also sources of cybersecurity risk. Because we are

interconnected with and dependent on third-party vendors, lenders, servicers, exchanges, clearing houses, fiscal and

paying agents, and other financial intermediaries, including CSS, we could be materially adversely impacted if any of

them is subject to a successful cyber attack or other cybersecurity incident. Some of the third parties with which we do

business have experienced, and we expect will continue to experience, cybersecurity incidents. While third-party

cybersecurity incidents have not had a material impact on our business to date, the inability of a third party with which

we do business to meet its obligations to us as a result of a cybersecurity incident, our response to such an incident, or

other consequences of the incident could materially adversely affect our business.

We routinely transmit and receive personal, confidential and proprietary information by electronic means. We also share

this type of information with regulatory agencies and their vendors. We outsource certain functions and these

relationships allow for the external storage and processing of our information, as well as lender, servicer, counterparty

and borrower information, including on cloud-based systems. In addition, our lenders and servicers maintain personal,

confidential and proprietary information, including personal borrower information. While we engage in actions to mitigate

our exposure resulting from our information-sharing activities with lenders, servicers, regulatory agencies, vendors,

service providers, counterparties and other third parties to protect against cybersecurity incidents, we cannot ensure

that these third parties have appropriate controls in place to protect the confidentiality of the information. An interception,

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 40

Risk Factors | Operational and Model Risk

misuse or mishandling of personal, confidential or proprietary information being sent to, received from, or maintained by

a lender, servicer, regulatory agency, vendor, service provider, counterparty or other third party could result in legal

liability, fines, regulatory action and reputational harm that have a material adverse impact on our business, financial

results or financial condition.

Material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting could result in errors in our reported

results or disclosures that are not complete or accurate.

Management has determined that, as of the date of this filing, we have ineffective disclosure controls and procedures

that result in a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, our independent registered

public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, has expressed an adverse opinion on our internal control over financial

reporting because of the material weakness. Our ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and material weakness

could result in errors in our reported results or disclosures that are not complete or accurate, which could have a

material adverse effect on our business and operations.

Our material weakness relates specifically to the impact of the conservatorship on our disclosure controls and

procedures. Because we are under the control of FHFA, some of the information that we may need to meet our

disclosure obligations may be solely within the knowledge of FHFA. As our conservator, FHFA has the power to take

actions without our knowledge that could be material to our stockholders and other stakeholders, and could significantly

affect our financial performance or our continued existence as an ongoing business. Because FHFA currently functions

as both our regulator and our conservator, there are inherent structural limitations on our ability to design, implement,

operate and test effective disclosure controls and procedures relating to information known to FHFA. As a result, we

have not been able to update our disclosure controls and procedures in a manner that adequately ensures the

accumulation and communication to management of information known to FHFA that is needed to meet our disclosure

obligations under the federal securities laws, including disclosures affecting our financial statements. Given the

structural nature of this material weakness, we do not expect to remediate this weakness while we are under

conservatorship. See “Controls and Procedures” for further discussion of management’s conclusions on our disclosure

controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting.

Failure of our models to produce reliable outputs may materially adversely affect our ability to manage risk and

make effective business decisions, as well as create regulatory and reputational risk.

We make significant use of quantitative models to measure and monitor our risk exposures and to manage our

business. For example, we use models to measure and monitor our exposures to interest rate, credit and market risks,

and to forecast credit losses. We use this information in making business decisions relating to strategies, initiatives,

transactions, pricing and products.

Models are inherently imperfect predictors of actual results because they are based on historical data and assumptions

regarding factors such as future loan demand, borrower behavior, creditworthiness and home price trends. Other

potential sources of inaccurate or inappropriate model results include errors in computer code, inaccurate or incomplete

data, misuse of data, or use of a model for a purpose outside the scope of the model’s design. Modeling often assumes

that historical data or experience can be relied upon as a basis for forecasting future events, an assumption that may be

especially tenuous in the face of unprecedented events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and long-term climate

change.

Given the challenges of predicting future behavior, management judgment is used throughout the modeling process,

from model design decisions regarding core underlying assumptions, to interpreting and applying final model output.

When market conditions change quickly and in unforeseen ways, there is an increased risk that the model assumptions

and data inputs for our models are not representative of the most recent market conditions, which requires management

to apply its judgment to make adjustments or overrides to our models. In a rapidly changing environment, it may not be

possible to update existing models quickly enough to properly account for the most recently available data and events.

In addition, in periods of low transaction volume for certain types of assets, the limited data available may reduce the

reliability of model outputs.

We also use third-party models that expose us to additional risks beyond those for internally-developed models. We

often have limited visibility into the third-party’s model methodology and change management process. In addition, in

some instances we rely on third-party data providers to develop and provide estimates for our models. This reliance on

third-party data providers exposes us to risk should the data provider cease to provide the data going forward, change

its methodology or fail to meet our data quality standards, which could require that we find a suitable replacement for

the data and could result in the need to re-estimate our models with the new data.

We currently use artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in our models, and expect to increase our use of

these modeling techniques. The use of new artificial intelligence and machine learning technology in our models

presents risks, such as the risk of undetected bias in the model and the limited ability to understand and challenge the

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 41

Risk Factors | Operational and Model Risk

model due to a limited ability to observe the internal workings of many machine learning models. Further, we use

artificial intelligence models developed by third parties, and, to that extent, are dependent in part on the manner in

which those third parties develop and train their models, including risks arising from the inclusion of any unauthorized

material in the training data for their models, and the effectiveness of the steps these third parties have taken to limit the

risks associated with the output of their models, matters over which we may have limited visibility.

To the extent our internal models or the third-party models that we use fail to produce reliable outputs on an ongoing

basis, we may not make appropriate business and risk management decisions, including decisions affecting loan

purchases, guaranty fee pricing, management of credit losses, and asset and liability management. While we employ

strategies to manage and govern the risks associated with our use of models, they have not always been fully effective.

Errors were previously discovered in some of the models we use, and we continue to have deficiencies in our current

processes for managing model risk. And we have experienced instances where model failures have adversely affected

our business and risk management decisions. As noted in “MD&A—Risk Management—Model Risk Management,” we

are currently working on a number of remediation activities relating to our models, including improving our processes for

model governance, development, implementation and testing. Until these remediation activities are completed, we face

a higher risk that we may make inappropriate business or risk management decisions based on unreliable model

outputs that could materially negatively affect our financial results and condition.

Errors in our models can also result in errors in our external disclosures. We discovered errors in a model used to

prepare our annual stress test results that affected our previously-reported stress test results for 2022 and some prior

years. While we have resolved those errors, we could discover additional errors in our models in the future that result in

further errors in our external disclosures that create regulatory and reputational risk.

Also see the risk factor below in “General Risk” for a discussion of the risks associated with the use of models in our

accounting methods.

Liquidity Risk

Limitations on our ability to access the debt capital markets could have a material adverse effect on our ability

to fund our operations, and our liquidity contingency plans may be difficult or impossible to execute during a

sustained liquidity crisis.

Our ability to fund our business depends in part on our ongoing access to the debt capital markets. Market concerns

about matters such as the extent of government support for our business and debt securities, the future of our business

(including future profitability, future structure, regulatory actions and our status as a government-sponsored enterprise)

and the creditworthiness of the U.S. government could cause a severe negative effect on our access to the unsecured

debt markets, particularly for long-term debt. We believe that our ability in recent years to issue debt of varying

maturities at attractive pricing resulted from federal government support of our business. As a result, we believe that our

status as a government-sponsored enterprise and continued federal government support are essential to maintaining

our access to debt funding. Changes or perceived changes in federal government support of our business, our debt

securities or our status as a government-sponsored enterprise could materially and adversely affect our ability to fund

our business. There can be no assurance that the government will continue to support our business or our debt

securities, or that our current level of access to debt funding will continue. If our senior preferred stock purchase

agreement with Treasury is amended to reduce its support for our debt securities issued after such amendment, it could

materially increase our borrowing costs or materially adversely affect our access to the debt capital markets.

Our debt is currently considered a high quality liquid asset because it can be easily and immediately converted into cash

at little or no loss of value. Any changes by investors in how they view our debt or regulatory changes causing our debt

to no longer be considered a high quality liquid asset could significantly increase our debt funding costs or reduce our

ability to issue debt.

The Federal Reserve Banks provide us with fiscal agency and depository services, and we make extensive use of the

Federal Reserve Banks’ payment systems in our daily business activities. We are required to fully fund our payment

accounts at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to the extent necessary to cover principal and interest payments on

our debt and mortgage-related securities each day. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York, acting as our fiscal agent,

will initiate payments to depository institutions, which will credit the accounts of the holders of our securities. Although

we maintain access to various sources of intraday liquidity, such access is not guaranteed. If we have insufficient

resources to fully fund our Federal Reserve payment accounts on a given day, there could be delays in the payments on

our securities. Unlike depository financial institutions, we do not currently have access to the Federal Reserve’s

discount window, nor are we allowed to overdraw our Federal Reserve accounts during the business day.

Future changes or disruptions in the financial markets could significantly change the amount, mix and cost of funds we

obtain, as well as our liquidity position. If we are unable to issue a sufficient amount of short- and long-term debt

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 42

Risk Factors | Liquidity Risk

securities at attractive rates, it could interfere with the operation of our business and have a material adverse effect on

our liquidity, results of operations, financial condition and net worth.

Our liquidity contingency plans may be difficult or impossible to execute during a sustained market liquidity crisis. If the

financial markets experience substantial volatility in the future similar to or more intensely than in 2020, it could

significantly adversely affect the amount, mix and cost of funds we obtain, as well as our liquidity position. If we cannot

access the unsecured debt markets, our ability to repay maturing indebtedness and fund our operations could be

significantly impaired. In this event, our alternative source of liquidity, our corporate liquidity portfolio, may not be

sufficient to meet our liquidity needs.

A decrease in the credit ratings on our senior unsecured debt could increase our borrowing costs and have an

adverse effect on our ability to issue debt on reasonable terms, particularly if such a decrease were not based

on a similar action on the credit ratings of the U.S. government. A decrease in our credit ratings also could

require that we post additional collateral for our derivatives contracts.

A reduction in our credit ratings could materially adversely affect our liquidity, our ability to conduct our normal business

operations, our financial condition and our results of operations. Credit ratings on our senior unsecured debt, as well as

the credit ratings of the U.S. government, are primary factors that could affect our borrowing costs and our access to the

debt capital markets. Credit ratings on our debt are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating agencies.

Actions by governmental entities impacting the support our business or our debt securities receive from Treasury could

adversely affect the credit ratings on our senior unsecured debt. If our senior preferred stock purchase agreement with

Treasury is amended to reduce its support for our debt securities issued after such amendment, it could result in a

downgrade in the credit ratings on our senior unsecured debt.

Because we rely on the U.S. government for capital support, in recent years, when a rating agency has taken an action

relating to the U.S. government’s credit rating, they have taken a similar action relating to our ratings at approximately

the same time. S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) and Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) have all

indicated that they would likely lower their ratings on the debt of Fannie Mae and certain other government-related

entities if they were to lower their ratings on the U.S. government.

A reduction in our credit ratings also could cause certain derivatives counterparties to demand that we post additional

collateral for our derivative contracts or to terminate our contracts. Our credit ratings, ratings outlook and additional

collateral requirements are described in “MD&A—Liquidity and Capital Management—Liquidity Management—Credit

Ratings” and “Note 9, Derivative Instruments.”

Market and Industry Risk

Changes in interest rates or limitations on our ability to manage interest-rate risk successfully could materially

adversely affect our financial results and condition, and increase our interest-rate risk.

We are subject to interest-rate risk, which is the risk that movements in interest rates will adversely affect the value of

our assets or liabilities or our future earnings or capital. Our exposure to interest-rate risk primarily arises from two

sources: (1) our “net portfolio,” which we define as: our retained mortgage portfolio assets, our corporate liquidity

portfolio, outstanding debt of Fannie Mae used to fund the retained mortgage portfolio assets and corporate liquidity

portfolio, mortgage commitments and risk management derivatives; and (2) our consolidated MBS trusts. We describe

these risks in more detail in “MD&A—Risk Management—Market Risk Management, including Interest-Rate Risk

Management.” Changes in interest rates affect both the value of our mortgage and other assets and prepayment rates

on our mortgage loans, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and condition, as well as our

liquidity.

Our ability to manage interest-rate risk depends on our ability to issue debt instruments with a range of maturities and

other features, including call provisions, at attractive rates and to engage in derivatives transactions. We must exercise

judgment in selecting the amount, type and mix of debt and derivative instruments that will most effectively manage our

interest-rate risk. The amount, type and mix of financial instruments that are available to us may not offset possible

future changes in the spread between our borrowing costs and the interest we earn on our mortgage assets. We mark

to market changes in the estimated fair value of our derivatives through our earnings on a quarterly basis, but we do not

similarly mark to market changes in some of the financial instruments that generate our interest-rate risk exposures. As

a result, changes in interest rates, particularly significant changes, can have an adverse effect on our earnings and net

worth, depending on the nature of the changes and the derivatives and short-term investments we hold at that time.

Although we have a hedge accounting program that is designed to reduce the volatility of our financial results

associated with changes in benchmark interest rates, our hedge accounting program does not eliminate all potential

earnings volatility associated with changes in interest rates. Decreasing interest rates would likely reduce the amounts

that we earn on our corporate liquidity portfolio, as we tend to earn lower yields on this portfolio in a declining interest

rate environment.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 43

Risk Factors | Market and Industry Risk

We have experienced significant fair value losses in some periods due to changes in interest rates. Our hedge

accounting program is specifically designed to address the volatility of our financial results associated with changes in

fair value related to changes in the benchmark interest rates. As such, earnings variability driven by other factors, such

as spreads or the timing of when we recognize deferred guaranty fee income, remains. We describe how the timing of

when we recognize deferred guaranty fee income is sensitive to mortgage interest rates in “MD&A—Key Market

Economic Indicators” and “MD&A—Consolidated Results of Operations—Net Interest Income.” In addition, our ability to

effectively reduce earnings volatility is dependent on having the right mix and volume of interest-rate swaps available.

As our portfolio of interest-rate swaps varies over time, our ability to reduce earnings volatility through hedge accounting

may vary as well.

Changes in interest rates also can affect our loss reserves and provision for credit losses. When interest rates increase,

our credit losses from loans with adjustable payment terms may increase as borrower payments increase at their reset

dates, which increases the borrower’s risk of default. Rising interest rates may also reduce the opportunity for these

borrowers to refinance into a fixed-rate loan. Similarly, many borrowers may have additional debt obligations, such as

home equity lines of credit and second liens, that also have adjustable payment terms. If a borrower’s payment on his or

her other debt obligations increases due to rising interest rates or a change in amortization, it increases the risk that the

borrower may default on a loan we own or guarantee. Rising interest rates also typically reduce expected future loan

prepayments, which tends to lengthen the expected life of our loans and therefore generally increases the probability of

default on the loans and therefore our loss reserves.

Increases in interest rates may also reduce the ability of multifamily borrowers to refinance their loans, which often have

balloon balances at maturity. In addition, in a rising interest rate environment, multifamily borrowers with adjustable-rate

mortgages may have difficulty paying higher monthly payments if property operating income is not increasing at a

similar pace. While we generally require multifamily borrowers with adjustable-rate mortgages to purchase an interest

rate cap to protect against large movements in interest rates, purchasing or replacing these required interest rate caps,

especially those with longer terms and/or lower strike rates, becomes more expensive as interest rates rise.

Changes in interest rates also typically affect our business volume. A higher interest rate environment generally results

in lower business volumes, as fewer loans may benefit from refinancing and the higher cost of borrowing reduces

affordability, driving lower mortgage volumes. A reduction in our business volume can reduce our net interest income

and adversely affect our financial results. Interest rate increases also can negatively affect the demand for and liquidity

of our MBS or result in slowdowns in home price growth, home price declines or declines in multifamily property values,

which also could adversely affect our results of operations, net worth and financial condition.

Changes in spreads could materially impact the fair value of our net assets, and therefore our results of

operations and net worth.

Spread risk is the risk from changes in an instrument’s value that relate to factors other than changes in interest rates.

We can experience losses from changes in the spreads between our mortgage assets, including mortgage purchase

and sale commitments, and the debt and derivatives we use to hedge our position. Changes in market conditions,

including changes in interest rates, liquidity, prepayment and default expectations, and the level of uncertainty in the

market for a particular asset class may cause fluctuations in spreads. Changes in mortgage spreads have contributed to

significant volatility in our financial results in certain periods, due to fluctuations in the estimated fair value of the

financial instruments that we mark to market through our earnings, and this could occur again in a future period.

Changes in mortgage spreads could cause significant fair value losses, and could adversely affect our near-term

financial results and net worth. We do not actively manage or hedge our spread risk after we purchase mortgage

assets, other than through asset monitoring and disposition.

Our business and financial results are affected by general economic conditions, including home prices and

employment trends, and changes in economic conditions or financial markets may materially adversely affect

our business and financial condition. Volatility or uncertainty in global, regional or domestic political

conditions also can significantly affect economic conditions and financial markets.

In general, a prolonged period of slow growth in the U.S. economy or a deterioration or volatility in general economic

conditions or financial markets could materially adversely affect our results of operations, net worth and financial

condition. Our business is significantly affected by the status of the U.S. economy, including home prices and

employment trends, as well as economic growth rates, interest rates and inflation rates. For example, see a risk factor

above in “Credit Risk” for a discussion of how worsening economic conditions could negatively affect the credit

performance of loans in our guaranty book of business and result in materially higher provisions for credit losses and

write-offs. Deterioration in economic conditions also typically results in reduced housing market activity, which reduces

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 44

Risk Factors | Market and Industry Risk

our business volume. As noted in a risk factor above, a reduction in our business volume can reduce our net interest

income and adversely affect our financial results.

Global economic conditions can also adversely affect our business and financial results. Changes or volatility in market

conditions resulting from deterioration in or uncertainty regarding global economic conditions can adversely affect the

value of our assets, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations, net worth and financial condition.

To the extent global economic conditions negatively affect the U.S. economy, they also could negatively affect the credit

performance of the loans in our book of business.

Volatility or uncertainty in global, regional or domestic political conditions also can significantly affect economic

conditions and financial markets. For example, changes the Administration may implement relating to trade, fiscal or

immigration policies are uncertain and could affect the U.S. economy. Global, regional or domestic political unrest also

could affect growth and financial markets. For example, the Russian war in Ukraine may further impact the global

economy and financial markets, which could further increase inflationary pressure and interest rates, as well as

negatively affect economic growth and result in disruptions and volatility in the financial markets.

We describe above the risks to our business posed by changes in interest rates and changes in spreads. In addition,

future changes, disruptions or volatility in financial markets as a result of global, regional or domestic economic or

political conditions could significantly change the amount, mix and cost of funds we obtain, as well as our liquidity

position.

Legal and Regulatory Risk

Regulatory changes in the financial services industry and shifts in monetary policy may negatively impact our

business.

Changes in the regulation of the financial services industry are affecting and are expected to continue to affect many

aspects of our business. Such changes could affect our business directly or indirectly if they affect our lenders and other

counterparties. The Administration or Congress may implement changes in the regulation of the financial services

industry or in fiscal or monetary policy that substantially affect our business and financial results, including investor

demand for our debt securities, MBS and credit risk transfer transactions, the amount and credit quality of the loans we

acquire, and the servicing of our loans. For example, changes in regulations applicable to U.S. banks could affect the

volume and characteristics of mortgage loans available in the market and could also affect demand for our MBS and

debt securities, as U.S. banks purchase a large amount of our MBS and debt securities. New or revised liquidity or

capital requirements applicable to U.S. banks could materially affect banks’ willingness to deliver loans to us and to

service our loans, as well as demand by those banks for our MBS and debt securities. In addition, developments in

connection with the single-counterparty credit limit regulations, including those taken in anticipation of our eventual exit

from conservatorship, could also cause our lenders and investors to change their business practices.

Our business is significantly affected by shifts in fiscal and monetary policies, particularly actions taken by the Federal

Reserve. The actions of the Federal Reserve, Treasury, the OCC, the FDIC, the SEC, the CFTC, the CFPB, and

international central banking authorities directly or indirectly impact financial institutions’ cost of funds for lending,

capital-raising and investment activities, which could increase our borrowing costs or make borrowing more difficult for

us. Changes in monetary policy are beyond our control and can be difficult to anticipate. The Federal Reserve currently

holds a significant amount of mortgage-backed securities issued by us, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae. At the time of this

filing, the Federal Reserve has not announced any plans to begin selling the mortgage-backed securities in its portfolio.

If the Federal Reserve announces such a plan or changes its announced strategy to reduce its mortgage-backed

securities holdings, it could reduce the current level of demand for our MBS, which could adversely affect our results of

operations, net worth and financial condition.

Legislative and regulatory changes could affect us in substantial and unforeseeable ways and could have a material

adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and net worth.

Legislative, regulatory or judicial actions, and changes in interpretations of laws, regulations or accounting

standards, could negatively impact our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity or net

worth.

Legislative, regulatory or judicial actions at the federal, state or local level could negatively impact our business, results

of operations, financial condition, liquidity or net worth. Legislative, regulatory or judicial actions could affect us in a

number of ways, including by imposing significant additional costs on us, diverting management attention or other

resources from other matters, or increasing our operational risk. We could also be affected by:

•Further actions taken by the U.S. Congress, Treasury, the Federal Reserve, FHFA or other national, state or

local government agencies or legislatures in response to emergencies, such as expanding or extending our

obligations to help borrowers, renters or counterparties.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 45

Risk Factors | Legal and Regulatory Risk

•Designation as a systemically important financial institution by FSOC. We have not been designated as a

systemically important financial institution; however, FSOC announced in 2020 that it will continue to monitor

the secondary mortgage market activities of the government-sponsored enterprises to ensure potential risks to

financial stability are adequately addressed. Designation as a systemically important financial institution would

result in our becoming subject to additional regulation and oversight by the Federal Reserve Board.

•Other agencies of the U.S. government or Congress asking us to take actions to support the housing and

mortgage markets or in support of other goals. For example, in December 2011, Congress enacted the TCCA

under which we increased our guaranty fee on all single-family mortgages delivered to us by 10 basis points.

The revenue generated by this fee increase is paid to Treasury. In November 2021, the Infrastructure

Investment and Jobs Act was enacted, which extended to October 1, 2032 our obligation under the TCCA to

collect 10 basis points in guaranty fees on single-family mortgages delivered to us and pay the associated

revenue to Treasury.

The laws, regulations and accounting standards that apply to our business are often complex and, in many cases, we

must make interpretive decisions regarding the application of those laws, regulations and accounting standards to our

business activities. Changes in interpretations, whether in response to regulatory guidance, industry conventions, our

own reassessments or otherwise, could adversely affect our business, results of operations or ability to satisfy

applicable regulatory requirements.

We face risk of non-compliance with our legal and regulatory obligations, which could have a material adverse

impact on our business, financial results and financial condition.

We operate in a highly regulated industry and are subject to heightened supervision from FHFA, as both our regulator

and our conservator. Our compliance systems and programs may not be adequate to confirm that we are in compliance

with all legal, regulatory, and other requirements as they continue to evolve. We also rely upon third parties and their

respective compliance risk management programs. The failure or limits of any such third-party compliance programs

may expose us to legal and compliance risk. Our reliance on and interdependence with third parties is further illustrated

by the number and complexity of our contracts. These contracts expose us to the risk that we could fail to perform our

obligations in a satisfactory manner and that a contractual counterparty could commence legal proceedings against us

for deficiencies related to our performance. If we fail to comply with our legal and regulatory obligations, it could result in

enforcement actions, investigations, fines, monetary and other penalties, additional restrictions on our business

activities imposed by FHFA, and harm to our reputation that may adversely affect our results of operations and financial

condition.

Privacy and cybersecurity are currently areas of considerable legislative and regulatory attention, with new or modified

laws, regulations, rules and standards being frequently adopted and potentially subject to divergent interpretation or

application in different jurisdictions in a manner that may create inconsistent or conflicting requirements for businesses.

The uncertainty created by these legislative and regulatory developments is compounded by the rapid pace of

technology development, including in artificial intelligence, that affect the use or security of data, including personal

information. Our business manages and holds a large volume of data, including a large volume of personal information.

Privacy and cybersecurity laws and regulations often impose strict requirements on the collection, storage, handling,

use, disclosure, transfer, security, and other processing of personal information. These laws and regulations, combined

with our evolving data footprint, are expected to increase our compliance costs and require changes to our business

and operations. An actual or perceived failure to comply with these laws and regulations or contractual obligations by

us, or by or our lenders, servicers, vendors, service providers, counterparties and our other third parties, could result in

legal liabilities, fines, regulatory action and reputational harm that have a material adverse impact on our business,

financial results and financial condition.

Our business and financial results could be materially adversely affected by legal or regulatory proceedings.

We are a party to various claims and other legal proceedings. We are periodically involved in government

investigations. We may be required to establish accruals and to make substantial payments in the event of adverse

judgments or settlements of any such claims, investigations or proceedings, which could have a material adverse effect

on our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and net worth. For example, due to a judgment

against us in two cases consolidated for trial in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, which are described

in “Note 17, Commitments and Contingencies” and “Legal Proceedings,” we accrued a total of $519 million in 2023 and

2024 relating to the jury verdict and related awards of prejudgment and post-judgment interest. Any legal proceeding or

governmental investigation, even if resolved in our favor, could result in negative publicity, reputational harm or cause us

to incur significant legal and other expenses. In addition, responding to these matters could divert significant internal

resources away from managing our business.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 46

Risk Factors | General Risk

General Risk

In many cases, our accounting policies and methods, which are fundamental to how we report our financial

condition and results of operations, require management to make judgments and estimates about matters that

are inherently uncertain. Management also relies on models in making these estimates.

Our management must exercise judgment in applying many of our accounting policies and methods so that they comply

with GAAP and reflect management’s judgment of the most appropriate manner to report our financial condition and

results of operations. In some cases, management must select the appropriate accounting policy or method from two or

more acceptable alternatives, any of which might be reasonable under the circumstances but might affect the amounts

of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses that we report. See “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”

for a description of our significant accounting policies.

We have identified one of our accounting estimates, allowance for loan losses, as critical to the presentation of our

financial condition and results of operations, as described in “MD&A—Critical Accounting Estimates.” We believe this

estimate is critical because it involves significant judgments and assumptions about highly complex and inherently

uncertain matters, and the use of reasonably different judgments and assumptions could have a material impact on our

reported results of operations or financial condition.

Because our financial statements involve estimates for amounts that are very large, even a small change in the estimate

can have a significant impact for the reporting period. For example, because our allowance for loan losses is so large,

even a change that has a small impact relative to the size of this allowance can have a meaningful impact on our results

for the quarter in which we make the change.

Many of our accounting methods involve substantial use of models, which are inherently imperfect predictors of actual

results because they are based on assumptions, including about future events. For example, we use models to

determine expected lifetime losses on loans and certain other financial instruments. Our actual results could differ

significantly from those generated by our models. As a result, the estimates that we use to prepare our financial

statements, as well as our estimates of our future results of operations, may be inaccurate, perhaps significantly. For

more discussion of the risks associated with our use of models, see a risk factor in “Operational and Model Risk” above.

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 1C.  Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy

Overview

Cybersecurity risk is a key operational risk that we face; therefore, managing cybersecurity risk is an inherent part of our

business activities. We describe the material cybersecurity risks we face in “Risk Factors—Operational and Model Risk.”

Cybersecurity Risk Management Program

We have developed and continue to enhance our cybersecurity risk management program as we seek to protect the

security of our information systems, software, networks and other technology assets against unauthorized attempts to

access confidential information and data or to disrupt or degrade business operations. Our cybersecurity risk

management program has evolved, and continues to evolve, based on the changing needs of our business, the

evolving threat environment and FHFA regulatory guidance.

We design and assess our cybersecurity risk management program based on the National Institute of Standards and

Technology Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity (the “NIST Cybersecurity Framework”). While

we generally consult the NIST Cybersecurity Framework when designing and assessing our cybersecurity risk

management program, we have not implemented and do not plan to implement all categories and subcategories

included in the framework. We use the framework as a guide to help us identify, assess and manage cybersecurity risks

relevant to our business based on our current understanding of the cybersecurity threat environment.

Integration into Enterprise Risk Management Framework

Our cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our overall Enterprise Risk Management framework,

which is described in “MD&A—Risk Management—Overview.” Our Enterprise Response Framework establishes the

reporting structure and escalation process for managing all enterprise incidents, including cybersecurity-related

incidents. The framework defines the relationship and notification steps among the various crisis management

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 47

Cybersecurity | Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy

stakeholders, including the Board of Directors, the Management Committee, the President and CEO, other members of

the executive leadership team, the crisis manager and crisis management coordinators. See “Cybersecurity

Governance—Management Role” for a description of the oversight role of the Corporate Risk & Compliance division,

Internal Audit and the management-level Technology Risk Committee and Enterprise Risk Committee relating to

cybersecurity risk management.

Cybersecurity Risk Management Strategy

Overview and Goal. Fannie Mae has a multilayered cybersecurity defense strategy. We take a risk-based approach that

prioritizes the highest impact events. Our cybersecurity threat operations operate with the goal of identifying, preventing,

and mitigating cybersecurity threats and responding to cybersecurity incidents in accordance with incident response and

recovery plans.

Tools and Safeguards. As part of our cybersecurity defense strategy, we employ tools and systems safeguards intended

to help secure our networks, applications, data and infrastructure, and to manage cybersecurity vulnerabilities. These

safeguards include network and perimeter defense, infrastructure security, cloud security, endpoint protection, data

protection, identity management and network segmentation. We work to evaluate and improve on these tools and

safeguards through periodic cybersecurity assessments and the integration of cybersecurity threat intelligence.

Backup Data Storage. We have both internal and external third-party backup data storage to help protect our data from

cybersecurity incidents. We test our backup restoration process on a regular basis.

Response Plans and Procedures. We maintain cybersecurity incident response procedures that identify the activities

and escalation processes to be implemented upon detection of a cybersecurity incident, and we routinely practice these

activities and processes. We also have business and technology continuity plans and a crisis management plan, which

we test on a regular basis.

Training. We provide mandatory cybersecurity training to employees and contractors on an annual basis. We test our

employees’ response to simulated phishing scenarios on a regular basis. We also conduct enhanced training for certain

groups of employees that may pose higher risk.

Assessments. We examine the effectiveness of our cyber defenses through various means, including internal audits,

targeted testing, vulnerability testing, maturity assessments, incident response exercises and industry benchmarking.

Insurance Coverage. We maintain insurance coverage relating to cybersecurity risks. As described in “Risk Factors—

Operational and Model Risk,” our insurance may not be sufficient to provide adequate loss coverage.

Role of External Consultants, Vendors and Other Third Parties

We regularly use external consultants and vendors to assist in our assessment and management of cybersecurity risks,

including employing third parties to evaluate the security of our networks and our approach to cybersecurity risk

management, such as external vendors that conduct penetration testing against our network on at least an annual basis

and an external vendor that reviews and tests our cybersecurity incident response plan on at least an annual basis. We

also have external vendors on retainer to assist with cybersecurity incident response activities if requested.

We are also focused on building and maintaining relationships with the appropriate government and law enforcement

agencies and with other businesses, industry groups and cybersecurity services to better understand the cybersecurity

risks in our environment, enhance our defenses and improve our resiliency against cybersecurity threats.

Third-Party Cybersecurity Risk Oversight

Our cybersecurity risk management program extends to oversight of third parties that pose a cybersecurity risk to us,

including lenders that use our systems and third-party service providers. In alignment with the NIST Cybersecurity

Framework and FHFA regulatory guidance, we have established a risk-based framework for managing third-party risk

that defines specified triggers for assessing and reporting cyber-related third-party risks and events. Pursuant to this

framework, we have implemented both preventive and detective controls to mitigate cybersecurity risks posed by third

parties.

We have identified certain third parties that we believe pose a higher cybersecurity risk to us because they have

significant access to our systems or data. For these higher-risk third parties, we have implemented additional

requirements, including:

•We assess these higher-risk third parties’ cybersecurity controls through a cybersecurity questionnaire and a

review of their cybersecurity controls, either through independent audits or by direct review of their

cybersecurity policies and practices.

•We use third-party cybersecurity monitoring and alert services to monitor these higher-risk third parties.

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Cybersecurity | Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy

•We conduct periodic monitoring reviews of these higher-risk third parties’ cybersecurity policies and practices.

Cybersecurity Governance

Overview

We address the risk from cybersecurity threats using a cross-functional approach, involving management personnel

from our technology, operations, legal, corporate risk & compliance, internal audit and other key business functions in

an ongoing dialogue regarding cybersecurity threats and incidents. As described in “Board Oversight” below, we also

regularly report to the Board and the Risk Policy and Capital Committee of the Board on cybersecurity risk matters. We

have implemented controls and procedures for the escalation of cybersecurity incidents so that decisions regarding the

disclosure and reporting of such incidents can be made in a timely manner.

Board Oversight

The full Board of Directors oversees the company’s cybersecurity risk management, assisted by the Risk Policy and

Capital Committee of the Board. The Board has delegated management-level risk oversight, including for cybersecurity

risk matters, to the Enterprise Risk Committee, as described under “Management Role” below.

The Board and the Risk Policy and Capital Committee generally engage in discussions throughout the year with

management on cybersecurity risk matters. The Chief Security Officer and other members of the management team

provide reports to the Board and the Risk Policy and Capital Committee on cybersecurity risk matters on a regular

basis, including updates on our cybersecurity risk management program, as well as external cybersecurity

developments, threats and risks. Management also discusses cybersecurity developments with the Chair of the Risk

Policy and Capital Committee and other Board members between Board and committee meetings, as appropriate. The

company has procedures to escalate information regarding certain cybersecurity incidents to the Board Chair. At least

annually, the Board reviews and approves the company’s Cybersecurity Risk Policy and Operational Risk Policy.

Management Role

Our Chief Security Officer leads our Information Security organization, which has primary responsibility for assessing

and managing our cybersecurity risks. Our Chief Security Officer has principal management responsibility for

overseeing the company’s cybersecurity risk management program. Our Chief Security Officer reports to our Chief

Operating Officer.

The Information Security organization works collaboratively across the company to help protect the company’s

information systems from cybersecurity threats and to respond to cybersecurity threats and incidents. The Information

Security organization monitors information systems to detect anomalies, including attempted cyber attacks, as well as

user activity for access controls and risks of insider threat. The Information Security organization also monitors and

investigates cybersecurity incidents through detection tools, reports from end users, and other cybersecurity threat and

vulnerability intelligence. The Information Security organization also shares and obtains information on cybersecurity

threats through participation in the Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center, referred to as FS-ISAC,

a member-driven organization that advances cybersecurity and resilience in the global financial system.

As appropriate, multidisciplinary teams are deployed to address cybersecurity threats and to respond to cybersecurity

incidents in accordance with the company’s incident response processes. The Information Security organization and

Corporate Risk & Compliance division are informed about and monitor the prevention, detection and mitigation of

cybersecurity incidents through risk and control assessments, targeted reviews, scenario analysis, and monitoring of

risk metrics. The company’s performance in managing cybersecurity risk is reported to the Technology Risk Committee,

the Enterprise Risk Committee and the Board of Directors.

As noted above, the Board has delegated oversight responsibility at the management level for risk-related matters to the

Enterprise Risk Committee, members of which include senior leaders throughout the company. The Enterprise Risk

Committee has delegated primary responsibility for management-level oversight of cybersecurity risk management to

the Technology Risk Committee. The Technology Risk Committee receives reports on cybersecurity risk matters on a

regular basis from the company’s Chief Security Officer. The Technology Risk Committee reviews and approves the

company’s management-level cybersecurity risk policies and standards. The Technology Risk Committee also reviews

and monitors metrics relating to cybersecurity risk. The Technology Risk Committee escalates matters to the Enterprise

Risk Committee as appropriate.

The company’s Corporate Risk & Compliance division provides risk-based independent oversight of cybersecurity risk

management performed by the Information Security organization. Members of the Corporate Risk & Compliance

division chair the Technology Risk Committee and the Enterprise Risk Committee.

The company’s Internal Audit organization audits the Corporate Risk & Compliance division’s oversight of cybersecurity

risk management and also independently tests the effectiveness of the company’s cybersecurity risk management and

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 49

Cybersecurity | Cybersecurity Governance

governance. Members of the Internal Audit organization participate as non-voting members of both the Technology Risk

Committee and the Enterprise Risk Committee.

Management Expertise

Chief Security Officer

Our Chief Security Officer has over 20 years of professional experience in information security, including over 8 years as

Fannie Mae’s Chief Information Security Officer (2016-2024) and over 1 year as Fannie Mae’s Deputy Chief Information

Security Officer. Our Chief Security Officer holds a graduate degree in information technology management.

Technology Risk Committee

Members of the Technology Risk Committee include officers with expertise in cybersecurity risk oversight, such as the

Chief Security Officer described above and the head of our Technology Risk Oversight department. As of December

2024, several members of the Technology Risk Committee had prior work experience in cybersecurity and several had

a relevant degree or certification, or other knowledge, skills or background in cybersecurity.

Impact of Risks from Cybersecurity Threats

We and the third parties with which we do business have been, and we expect will continue to be, the target of cyber

attacks and other cybersecurity threats. To date, risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of previous

cybersecurity incidents, have not materially affected our business, including our business strategy, results of operations

or financial condition. However, large-scale cyber attacks perpetrated against other companies in recent years suggest

that the risk of damaging cyber attacks is increasing. Notwithstanding our efforts to manage cybersecurity risks as

described above, we may not be successful in preventing or mitigating a cybersecurity incident that could have a

material adverse effect on our business, including our business strategy, results of operations and financial condition.

See “Risk Factors—Operational and Model Risk” for additional discussion of cybersecurity risks to our business.

Item 2.  Properties

There are no physical properties that are material to us.

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings

This item describes our material legal proceedings. We describe additional material legal proceedings in “Note 17,

Commitments and Contingencies,” which is incorporated herein by reference. In addition to the matters specifically

described or incorporated by reference in this item, we are involved in legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the

ordinary course of business that we do not expect will have a material impact on our business or financial condition.

However, litigation claims and proceedings of all types are subject to many factors and their outcome and effect on our

business and financial condition generally cannot be predicted accurately.

We establish an accrual for legal claims only when a loss is probable and we can reasonably estimate the amount of

such loss. The actual costs of resolving legal claims may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts accrued for

those claims. If certain of these matters are determined against us, FHFA or Treasury, it could have a material adverse

effect on our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition, including our net worth.

Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements Litigation

Since June 2013, preferred and common stockholders of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac filed lawsuits in multiple federal

courts against one or more of the United States, Treasury and FHFA, challenging actions taken by the defendants

relating to the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac senior preferred stock purchase agreements and the conservatorships of

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Some of these lawsuits also contain claims against Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The

legal claims being advanced by one or more of these lawsuits include challenges to the net worth sweep dividend

provisions of the senior preferred stock that were implemented pursuant to August 2012 amendments to the

agreements, the payment of dividends to Treasury under the net worth sweep dividend provisions, and FHFA’s decision

to require Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to draw funds from Treasury to pay dividends to Treasury prior to the August

2012 amendments. The plaintiffs seek various forms of equitable and injunctive relief as well as damages. The cases

that remain pending after September 30, 2024 are as follows:

District of Columbia (In re Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement Class Action

Litigations and Fairholme Funds v. FHFA). Fannie Mae is a defendant in two cases filed in the U.S. District Court for the

District of Columbia, including a consolidated class action. The cases were consolidated for trial, and on August 14,

2023, the jury returned a verdict for the plaintiffs and awarded damages of $299.4 million to Fannie Mae preferred

stockholders. On March 20, 2024, the court entered final judgment and set the amount of prejudgment interest owed by

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 50

Legal Proceedings

Fannie Mae at $199.7 million. On April 17, 2024, the defendants filed a motion for judgment as a matter of law, which

has been fully briefed and remains pending. The parties will have 30 days to appeal following the court’s decision on the

motion. See “Note 17, Commitments and Contingencies” for additional information.

Western District of Michigan (Rop et al. v. FHFA et al.). On June 1, 2017, preferred and common stockholders of Fannie

Mae and Freddie Mac filed a complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief against FHFA and Treasury in the U.S.

District Court for the Western District of Michigan. FHFA and Treasury moved to dismiss the case on September 8,

2017, and plaintiffs filed a motion for summary judgment on October 6, 2017. On September 8, 2020, the court denied

plaintiffs’ motion for summary judgment and granted defendants’ motion to dismiss. On October 4, 2022, the U.S. Court

of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit reversed the dismissal and remanded the case to the district court to determine whether

the stockholders suffered compensable harm. On February 2, 2023, plaintiffs filed a petition with the Supreme Court

seeking review of the Sixth Circuit’s decision, which the Supreme Court denied on June 12, 2023. On August 11, 2023,

plaintiffs submitted a motion for leave to file an amended complaint in the district court, which the court denied on

December 11, 2024.

Eastern District of Pennsylvania (Wazee Street Opportunities Fund IV L.P. et al. v. FHFA et al.). On August 16, 2018,

common stockholders of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac filed a complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief against

FHFA and Treasury in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. FHFA and Treasury moved to

dismiss the case on November 16, 2018, and plaintiffs filed a motion for summary judgment on December 21, 2018. On

July 1, 2024, plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to amend their complaint.

U.S. Court of Federal Claims (Fisher et al. v. United States of America). On December 2, 2013, common stockholders

of Fannie Mae filed a lawsuit against the United States that listed Fannie Mae as a nominal defendant. The plaintiffs

alleged that the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock that were implemented pursuant to

the August 2012 amendment constituted a taking of Fannie Mae’s property without just compensation in violation of the

U.S. Constitution. On February 15, 2023, the court issued an order for plaintiffs to show cause why their claims should

not be dismissed, as claims similar to theirs brought by other Fannie Mae stockholders in other cases against the United

States had been dismissed by the court. On September 1, 2023, the court dismissed the case with prejudice. On

October 30, 2023, plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 51

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

PART II

Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder

Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Common Stock

Our common stock is traded in the over-the-counter market and quoted on the OTCQB, operated by OTC Markets

Group Inc., under the ticker symbol “FNMA.” Over-the-counter market quotations for our common stock reflect inter-

dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Computershare Trust Company, N.A., and its address is

P.O. Box 43006, Providence, RI 02940-3006 or, for overnight correspondence, 150 Royall St., Suite 101, Canton, MA

02021.

Holders

As of February 1, 2025, we had approximately 7,300 registered holders of record of our common stock. In addition, as

of February 1, 2025, Treasury held a warrant giving it the right to purchase shares of our common stock equal to 79.9%

of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding on a fully diluted basis on the date of exercise.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities

Under the terms of our senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury, we are prohibited from selling or

issuing our equity interests without the prior written consent of Treasury except under limited circumstances described in

“Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements—Treasury Agreements—Covenants.”

During the quarter ended December 31, 2024, we did not sell any equity securities.

Information about Certain Securities Issuances by Fannie Mae

Pursuant to SEC regulations, public companies are required to disclose certain information when they incur a material

direct financial obligation or become directly or contingently liable for a material obligation under an off-balance sheet

arrangement. The disclosure must be made in a current report on Form 8-K under Item 2.03 or, if the obligation is

incurred in connection with certain types of securities offerings, in prospectuses for that offering that are filed with the

SEC.

Because the securities we issue are exempted securities under the Securities Act of 1933, we do not file registration

statements or prospectuses with the SEC with respect to our securities offerings. To comply with the disclosure

requirements of Form 8-K relating to the incurrence of material financial obligations, in accordance with a “no-action”

letter we received from the SEC staff in 2004, we report our incurrence of these types of obligations in offering circulars

or prospectuses (or supplements thereto) that we post on our website within the same time period that a prospectus for

a non-exempt securities offering would be required to be filed with the SEC. To the extent we incur a material financial

obligation that is not disclosed in this manner, we would file a Form 8-K if required to do so under applicable Form 8-K

requirements.

The website address for disclosure about our debt securities is www.fanniemae.com/debtsearch. From this address,

investors can access the offering circular and related supplements for debt securities offerings under Fannie Mae’s

universal debt facility, including pricing supplements for individual issuances of debt securities.

Disclosure about our obligations pursuant to the MBS we issue, some of which may be off-balance sheet obligations,

can be found at www.fanniemae.com/mbsdisclosure. From this address, investors can access information and

documents about our MBS, including prospectuses and related prospectus supplements.

We are providing our website address solely for your information. Information appearing on our website is not

incorporated into this report.

Our Purchases of Equity Securities

We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during the fourth quarter of 2024.

Dividends

As described in “Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements,” our conservator has eliminated dividends on

our common and preferred stock (other than dividends on the senior preferred stock issued to Treasury) during the

conservatorship. In addition, under the terms of our senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury, we may

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 52

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

not pay dividends or make other distributions on or repurchase our equity securities (other than the senior preferred

stock) without the prior written consent of Treasury.

Item 6.  [Reserved]

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 53

MD&A | Key Market Economic Indicators

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition

and Results of Operations

You should read this MD&A together with our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024 and the

accompanying notes. This MD&A does not discuss 2022 performance or a comparison of 2022 versus 2023

performance for select areas where we have determined the omitted information is not necessary to understand our

current-period financial condition, changes in our financial condition, or our results. The omitted information may be

found in our 2023 Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024, in MD&A sections titled “Consolidated Results of

Operations,” “Single-Family Business,” “Multifamily Business,” and “Liquidity and Capital Management.”

Key Market Economic Indicators

Below we discuss how varying macroeconomic conditions can influence our financial results across different business

and economic environments. Our forecasts and expectations are based on many assumptions, subject to many

uncertainties and may change, perhaps substantially, from our current forecasts and expectations. See “Forward-

Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” for a discussion of factors that could cause actual results to differ materially

from our current forecasts and expectations. For further discussion on housing activity, see “Single-Family Business—

Single-Family Mortgage Market” and “Multifamily Business—Multifamily Mortgage Market.”

Selected Benchmark Interest Rates

(1)Refers to the U.S. weekly average fixed-rate mortgage rate according to Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey®. These rates are

reported using the latest available data for a given period.

(2)According to Bloomberg.

(3)Refers to the daily rate per the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

How Interest Rates Can Affect Our Financial Results

•Net interest income. Changes in interest rates impact the timing of when we recognize certain components of

net interest income. Our primary source of net interest income is guaranty fees we receive for assuming the

credit risk on our guaranty book of business, which consists of upfront and base guaranty fees. Since we

amortize upfront guaranty fees over the contractual life of the loan, when a loan prepays, the remaining upfront

fees on the loan are recognized as income in that period. In a rising interest-rate environment, our mortgage

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 54

MD&A | Key Market Economic Indicators

loans generally prepay more slowly as borrowers are less likely to refinance, which typically results in lower

deferred guaranty fee income as those upfront fees are amortized into interest income over a longer period of

time. Conversely, in a declining interest-rate environment, our mortgage loans generally prepay faster as

borrowers are more likely to refinance, typically resulting in higher deferred guaranty fee income as loan

prepayments accelerate the realization of those upfront fees as interest income. However, since most of the

loans in our single-family guaranty book of business continue to have mortgage interest rates meaningfully

below the current prevailing rate as of December 31, 2024, we may not experience higher deferred guaranty

fee income in a declining interest-rate environment unless mortgage interest rates drop to a level that is low

enough to incentivize more borrowers to refinance. Interest rates also affect the amount of interest income we

earn on our assets. Our corporate liquidity portfolio and certain mortgage-related assets typically earn more

interest income in a higher interest-rate environment and less interest income in a lower interest-rate

environment. On our corporate debt, we typically pay more interest in a higher interest-rate environment and

less interest in a lower interest-rate environment. See “Consolidated Results of Operations—Net Interest

Income” for a discussion of how interest rate changes impacted our financial results and for information on the

interest rates of the loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business compared to the

prevailing average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage rate as of year-end 2024.

•Fair value gains (losses). We have exposure to fair value gains and losses resulting from changes in interest

rates, primarily through our trading securities, mortgage commitment derivatives and risk management

derivatives, which we mark to market through earnings. Fair value gains and losses on our mortgage

commitment derivatives fluctuate depending on how interest rates and prices move between the time a

commitment is opened and when it settles. The net position and composition across the yield curve of our risk

management derivatives changes over time. As a result, interest rate changes (increases or decreases) and

yield curve changes (parallel, steepening or flattening shifts) will generate varying amounts of fair value gains

or losses in a given period. For more information about our fair value gains (losses), see “Consolidated Results

of Operations—Fair Value Gains (Losses), Net.”

•Benefit (provision) for credit losses. When mortgage interest rates increase, our expected credit losses on

loans increases because (1) we generally expect fewer borrowers will refinance their loans, thereby extending

the expected life of the loan, which increases our expectation of loss and (2) borrowers with adjustable-rate

loans or multifamily loans with balloon balances due at maturity face increased costs and a reduced ability to

refinance. This increase in our expectation of loss contributes to our provision for credit losses. Conversely,

when mortgage interest rates decrease, our expectation of loss decreases, which reduces our provision for

credit losses. For more information on our benefit (provision) for credit losses, see “Consolidated Results of

Operations—Benefit (Provision) for Credit Losses.”

Single-Family Annual Home Price Growth Rate(1)

(1) Calculated internally using property data on loans purchased by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and other third-party home sales data. Fannie

Mae’s home price index is a weighted repeat transactions index, measuring average price changes in repeat sales on the same properties.

Fannie Mae’s home price index excludes prices on properties sold in foreclosure. Fannie Mae’s home price growth rates represent

estimates based on non-seasonally adjusted preliminary data and are subject to change as additional data becomes available.

How Home Prices Can Affect Our Financial Results

•Actual and forecasted home prices impact our provision or benefit for credit losses as well as the growth and

size of our guaranty book of business.

•Changes in home prices affect the amount of equity that borrowers have in their homes. Borrowers with less

equity typically have higher delinquency and default rates, particularly in times of economic stress.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 55

MD&A | Key Market Economic Indicators

•As home prices increase, the severity of losses we incur on defaulted loans that we hold or guarantee

decreases because the amount we can recover from the properties securing the loans increases. Declines in

home prices may increase the losses we incur on defaulted loans.

•As home prices rise, the principal balance of loans associated with newly acquired purchase loans may

increase, causing growth in the size of our guaranty book. Additionally, rising home prices can increase the

amount of equity borrowers have in their home, which may lead to an increase in origination volumes for cash-

out refinance loans with higher principal balances than the existing loan. Replacing existing loans with newly

acquired cash-out refinances can affect the growth and size of our guaranty book.

•Home price growth on a national basis increased from 5.5% in 2023 to 5.8% in 2024. We expect home price

growth of 3.5% on a national basis in 2025. We also expect regional variation in the timing and rate of home

price changes.

New Housing Starts(1)

(1)According to the U.S. Census Bureau and subject to revision.

How Housing Activity Can Affect Our Financial Results

•Housing is among the most interest-rate-sensitive sectors of the economy. In addition to interest rates, two key

aspects of economic activity that can impact supply and demand for housing, and thus our business and

financial results, are the rates of household formation and housing construction.

•Household formation is a key driver of demand for both single-family and multifamily housing as a newly formed

household will either rent or purchase a home. Thus, changes in the pace of household formation can affect

home prices, multifamily property values and credit performance as well as the degree of loss on defaulted

loans.

•Growth of household formation stimulates homebuilding. Homebuilding has typically been a cyclical leader,

weakening prior to a slowdown in U.S. economic activity and accelerating prior to a recovery, which contributes

to the growth of GDP and employment.

•A decline in housing starts results in fewer new homes being available for purchase and potentially a lower

volume of mortgage originations.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 56

MD&A | Key Market Economic Indicators

GDP and Unemployment Rate

(1)Real GDP growth (decline) is based on the quarterly series calculated by the Bureau of Economic Analysis and are subject to revision.

(2)According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and subject to revision.

How GDP and the Unemployment Rate Can Affect Our Financial Results

•Changes in GDP and the unemployment rate can affect several mortgage market factors, including the demand

for both single-family and multifamily housing and the level of loan delinquencies, which impacts credit losses.

•Economic growth is a key factor for the performance of mortgage-related assets. In a growing economy,

employment and income are typically rising, thus allowing borrowers to meet payment requirements, existing

homeowners to consider purchasing and moving to another home, and renters to consider becoming

homeowners. Homebuilding typically increases to meet the rise in demand. Mortgage delinquencies typically

fall in an expanding economy, thereby decreasing credit losses.

•In a slowing economy, income growth and housing activity typically slow as an early indicator of reduced

economic activity, followed by slowing employment. Typically, as an economic slowdown intensifies,

households reduce their spending. This reduction in consumption then accelerates the slowdown. An economic

slowdown can lead to employment losses, impairing the ability of borrowers and renters to meet mortgage and

rental payments, thus causing loan delinquencies to rise.

•GDP increased in 2024. We expect GDP will continue to grow in 2025, but at a slower pace than in 2024. The

unemployment rate remained relatively flat in 2024, and we expect a slight increase in the unemployment rate

for 2025.

•Potential changes to trade, fiscal, regulatory and immigration policies could materially impact our outlook for

interest rates, home price growth, housing activity and economic growth.

See “Risk Factors—Credit Risk” and “Risk Factors—Market and Industry Risk” for further discussion of risks to our

business and financial results associated with interest rates, home prices, housing activity, and economic conditions.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 57

MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations

Consolidated Results of Operations

This section discusses our consolidated results of operations and should be read together with our consolidated

financial statements and the accompanying notes.

Summary of Consolidated Results of Operations
	For the Year Ended December 31,			Variance
	2024	2023	2022	2024 vs. 2023		2023 vs. 2022
	(Dollars in millions)
Net interest income(1)	$28,748	$28,773	$29,423		$(25)		$(650)
Fee and other income(2)	321	275	312		46		(37)
Net revenues	29,069	29,048	29,735		21		(687)
Benefit (provision) for credit losses	186	1,670	(6,277)		(1,484)		7,947
Fair value gains (losses), net	1,821	1,304	1,284		517		20
Investment gains (losses), net	(38)	(53)	(297)		15		244
Non-interest expense:
Administrative expenses(3)	(3,619)	(3,445)	(3,197)		(174)		(248)
Legislative assessments(4)	(3,766)	(3,745)	(3,788)		(21)		43
Credit enhancement expense(5)	(1,641)	(1,512)	(1,323)		(129)		(189)
Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries(6)	194	(193)	727		387		(920)
Other expenses, net(7)	(937)	(1,118)	(631)		181		(487)
Total non-interest expense	(9,769)	(10,013)	(8,212)		244		(1,801)
Income before federal income taxes	21,269	21,956	16,233		(687)		5,723
Provision for federal income taxes	(4,291)	(4,548)	(3,310)		257		(1,238)
Net income	$16,978	$17,408	$12,923		$(430)		$4,485
Total comprehensive income	$16,975	$17,405	$12,920		$(430)		$4,485

(1)Includes net interest income generated by the 10 basis point guaranty fee increase we implemented pursuant to the Temporary Payroll Tax

Cut Continuation Act of 2011, and as extended by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, which is paid to Treasury and not retained by

us.

(2)Single-family fee and other income consists primarily of compensation for engaging in structured transactions and providing other lender

services. Multifamily fee and other income consists of fees associated with certain Multifamily business activities such as credit

enhancements for tax-exempt multifamily housing revenue bonds.

(3)Consists of (1) salaries and employee benefits, and (2) professional services, technology and occupancy expenses.

(4)Consists of TCCA fees, affordable housing allocations and FHFA assessments. TCCA fees refers to the portion of our single-family

guaranty fees paid to Treasury pursuant to the TCCA.

(5)Single-family credit enhancement expense consists of costs associated with our freestanding credit enhancements, which primarily include

our CAS and CIRT programs, enterprise-paid mortgage insurance (“EPMI”) and certain lender risk-sharing programs. Multifamily credit

enhancement expense primarily consists of costs associated with our Multifamily CIRTTM (“MCIRTTM”) and Multifamily CAS (“MCASTM”)

programs as well as amortization expense for certain lender risk-sharing programs. Excludes CAS transactions accounted for as debt

instruments and credit risk transfer programs accounted for as derivative instruments.

(6)Consists of change in benefits recognized from our freestanding credit enhancements, primarily from our CAS and CIRT programs as well

as certain lender risk-sharing arrangements, including our multifamily Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS®”) program.

(7)Consists of debt extinguishment gains and losses, expenses associated with legal claims, foreclosed property income (expense), gains

and losses from partnership investments, loan subservicing costs, and servicer fees paid in connection with certain loss mitigation

activities.

Net Interest Income

Overview

Our primary source of net interest income is guaranty fees we receive for assuming the credit risk on mortgage loans

underlying Fannie Mae MBS held by third parties. We recognize almost all of our guaranty fee revenue in net interest

income because, in our consolidated balance sheets, we consolidate the substantial majority of mortgage loans

underlying our Fannie Mae MBS. Guaranty fees from these mortgage loans account for the difference between the

interest income on mortgage loans in consolidated trusts and the interest expense on the debt of consolidated trusts.

We also earn interest income from our corporate liquidity portfolio and retained mortgage portfolio as described below.

In addition, income or expense from hedge accounting is a component of our net interest income.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 58

MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations

Net Interest Income from Guaranty Book of Business

For single-family mortgage loans, there are two components of our guaranty fees:

•Base fees. These fees are ongoing fees that factor into a mortgage loan’s interest rate, which are collected

each month over the life of the mortgage loan.

•Upfront fees. These fees are one-time payments made by lenders upon loan delivery to us. Upfront fees

include risk-based fees, referred to as “loan-level price adjustments,” that vary by the attributes of the loan and

the borrower (such as loan size, LTV ratio, borrower credit score, etc.). Upfront fees also include payments we

make to and receive from lenders to adjust the monthly contractual guaranty fee rate on a Fannie Mae MBS.

These fees are initially recorded as cost basis adjustments to the mortgage loan and are then amortized into

net interest income over the contractual life of the loan.

For multifamily mortgage loans, base fees are the primary component of our guaranty fee.

In our “Components of Net Interest Income” table, we display net interest income from our guaranty book of business in

three categories:

•Base guaranty fee income excluding TCCA, which primarily consists of ongoing monthly fees that are

contractually due to us for assuming credit risk and that we collect and recognize each month over the life of

the mortgage loan, excluding the portion of those fees related to the TCCA described below.

•Base guaranty fee income related to TCCA, which is the portion of the base fees we collect that are not

retained by us but paid to Treasury pursuant to the Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011, as

amended.

•Deferred guaranty fee income, which primarily represents income from the upfront fees described above that

are amortized into net interest income. Deferred guaranty fee income also includes the amortization of cost

basis adjustments on our mortgage loans and debt of consolidated trusts that are not associated with upfront

fees. These basis adjustments consist of premiums and discounts that are established when we initially

recognize mortgage loans and debt of consolidated trusts in our consolidated balance sheets at fair value. We

amortize these basis adjustments over the contractual life of the associated financial instrument.

Other Sources of Net Interest Income

Net Interest Income from Portfolios

We also recognize net interest income on the difference between interest income earned on the assets in our retained

mortgage portfolio and our corporate liquidity portfolio (collectively, our “portfolios”) and the interest expense associated

with our funding debt. See “Retained Mortgage Portfolio” and “Liquidity and Capital Management—Liquidity

Management—Corporate Liquidity Portfolio” for more information about our portfolios.

Income (Expense) from Hedge Accounting

To reduce the impact of interest-rate volatility on our financial results, we apply fair value hedge accounting. As a result,

during the hedging period, we recognize fair value changes attributable to movements in benchmark interest rates for

mortgage loans, funding debt, and the related interest-rate swaps in the hedging relationships, as a component of net

interest income. We also recognize the amortization of hedge-related basis adjustments and any related interest accrual

on the swaps as a component of net interest income.

As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we had $2.6 billion, $3.6 billion and $4.1 billion, respectively, in net

cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments. These adjustments have been or will be amortized as net expenses over

the remaining contractual life of the respective hedged items in the “Income (expense) from hedge accounting” line item

in the “Components of Net Interest Income” table below. The substantial majority of these hedge basis adjustments

relate to our funding debt. See “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 9, Derivative

Instruments” for more information about our hedge accounting program.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 59

MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations

Components of Net Interest Income

The table below displays the components of our net interest income from our guaranty book of business, from our

portfolios, as well as from hedge accounting.

Components of Net Interest Income
	For the Year Ended December 31,			Variance
	2024	2023	2022	2024 vs. 2023	2023 vs. 2022
	(Dollars in millions)
Net interest income from guaranty book of business:
Base guaranty fee income excluding TCCA	$16,557	$16,155	$16,072	$402	$83
Base guaranty fee income related to TCCA(1)	3,442	3,431	3,369	11	62
Net deferred guaranty fee income(2)	3,291	4,003	7,099	(712)	(3,096)
Total net interest income from guaranty book of business	23,290	23,589	26,540	(299)	(2,951)
Net interest income from portfolios(3)	6,298	6,173	2,954	125	3,219
Income (expense) from hedge accounting(4)	(840)	(989)	(71)	149	(918)
Total net interest income	$28,748	$28,773	$29,423	$(25)	$(650)

(1)Represents revenues generated by the 10 basis point guaranty fee increase we implemented pursuant to the TCCA, the incremental

revenue from which is paid to Treasury and not retained by us.

(2)Excludes the amortization of cost basis adjustments resulting from hedge accounting, which is included in income (expense) from hedge

accounting.

(3)Includes interest income from assets held in our retained mortgage portfolio and our corporate liquidity portfolio, as well as other assets

used to support lender liquidity. Also includes interest expense on our funding debt, including outstanding CAS debt.

(4)For more information about our hedge accounting program, see “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 9,

Derivative Instruments.”

Net interest income was relatively flat in 2024 compared with 2023. The $25 million decline was driven by lower

deferred guaranty fee income, primarily offset by higher income from base guaranty fees and lower expense from hedge

accounting.

•Lower deferred guaranty fee income. Deferred guaranty fee income represents income from the upfront fees

that are amortized into net interest income, and also includes the amortization of cost basis adjustments on our

mortgage loans and debt of consolidated trusts that are not associated with upfront fees, as described above.

The decrease in deferred guaranty fee income in 2024 compared to 2023 was primarily driven by less income

from the amortization of premiums on debt of consolidated trusts. This decrease was largely driven by rising

interest rates throughout much of 2023 and 2024, which reduced the prices of newly issued MBS debt thereby

decreasing premiums.

•Higher base guaranty fee income. Higher base guaranty fee income was primarily driven by higher average

guaranty fees on recent single-family acquisitions.

•Lower expense from hedge accounting. We had lower expense from hedge accounting in 2024 compared with

2023, primarily driven by lower interest expense on derivatives in hedging relationships.

Net interest income decreased slightly in 2023 compared with 2022, primarily as a result of lower deferred guaranty fee

income and higher expense from hedge accounting largely offset by higher income from portfolios.

•Lower deferred guaranty fee income. Throughout most of 2023, we were in a higher interest-rate environment

and observed significantly lower volumes of refinancing activity compared with 2022. As a result, we had lower

deferred guaranty fee income in 2023 compared with 2022. For a description of how fewer mortgage loan

prepayments results typically in lower deferred guaranty fee income, refer to “Key Market Economic Indicators

—How Interest Rates Can Affect Our Financial Results—Net Interest Income.”

•Higher income from portfolios. Higher income from portfolios in 2023 compared with 2022 was primarily driven

by generally higher interest rates in 2023 than in 2022 on securities in our corporate liquidity portfolio, primarily

U.S. Treasuries and securities purchased under agreements to resell. This was partially offset by higher

interest expense on funding debt, also as a result of higher interest rates.

•Higher expenses from hedge accounting. Hedge accounting expenses increased in 2023 compared to 2022

due to higher amortization of fair value hedge-related basis adjustments. This was coupled with an increase in

interest expenses on derivatives in hedging relationships as a result of rising interest rates in the first three

quarters of 2023.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 60

MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations

Analysis of Unamortized Deferred Guaranty Fees

As shown in the chart below (on the left), most of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business as of

December 31, 2024 had an interest rate lower than the average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage rate. Per Freddie Mac’s

Primary Mortgage Market Survey®, as of December 26, 2024, the U.S. weekly average interest rate for a single-family

30-year fixed-rate mortgage was 6.85%. Accordingly, even if interest rates decline meaningfully, most of the borrowers

whose mortgage loans are in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business still would not be incentivized to

refinance.

The other chart below (on the right) presents guaranty fees that will be amortized into deferred guaranty fee income in

future periods, which we refer to as “unamortized deferred guaranty fees.” Deferred guaranty fees primarily result from

the upfront fees that we receive on single-family loans we acquire, which are recorded as cost basis adjustments to the

mortgage loan. Deferred guaranty fees also include cost basis adjustments on our mortgage loans and debt of

consolidated trusts that are not associated with upfront fees, such as premiums and discounts. We amortize these cost

basis adjustments as deferred guaranty fee income over the remaining contractual life of the mortgage loans or debt. As

discussed in “Key Market Economic Indicators,” the timing of when we recognize deferred guaranty fee income depends

on the life of the mortgage loan, which, for single-family in particular, is sensitive to changes in mortgage interest rates

as those changes impact the borrowers’ incentive to refinance.

Interest Rates of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business Compared with Average 30-Year Fixed- Rate Mortgage Rate	Unamortized Deferred Guaranty Fees(1)
As of December 31, 2024	(Dollars in billions)

—	Represents the average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage rate as of December 26, 2024, according to Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey®, the last published rate for the year ending December 31, 2024.	(1)	Beginning December 31, 2024, the table excludes fair value hedging adjustments of consolidated trusts. Prior periods have been updated in this report to conform to the current period presentation.
—	Represents the percentage of single-family conventional guaranty book of business by select interest rate band based on the current interest rate of the mortgage loans.

The amount of deferred guaranty fee income we record can vary and is primarily impacted by: (1) the amount of upfront

fees we charge on single-family mortgage loans, and (2) changes in interest rates, which affect the premiums and

discounts we record on newly acquired mortgage loans and newly created debt of consolidated trusts. The balance of

our unamortized deferred guaranty fees decreased as of 2024, compared with 2023, largely as a result of amortization

of existing deferred guaranty fees outpacing upfront guaranty fees received on newly acquired single-family loans. In

addition, rising interest rates throughout much of 2024 impacted premiums on newly issued MBS debt as prices

declined, which further reduced the balance of unamortized deferred guaranty fees.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 61

MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations

Analysis of Net Interest Income

The table below displays an analysis of our net interest income, average balances and related yields earned on assets

and incurred on liabilities. For most components of the average balances, we use a daily weighted average of unpaid

principal balance net of unamortized cost basis adjustments. When daily average balance information is not available,

such as for mortgage loans, we use monthly averages.

Analysis of Net Interest Income and Yield(1)
	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024			2023			2022
	Average Balance	Interest Income/ (Expense)	Average Rates Earned/ Paid	Average Balance	Interest Income/ (Expense)	Average Rates Earned/ Paid	Average Balance	Interest Income/ (Expense)	Average Rates Earned/ Paid
	(Dollars in millions)
Interest-earning assets:
Cash and cash equivalents(2)	$47,335	$2,486	5.25%	$57,589	$2,925	5.08%	$57,471	$924	1.61%
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	42,734	2,291	5.36	40,992	2,120	5.17	25,374	524	2.04
Investments in securities(3)	58,863	1,430	2.43	54,857	1,233	2.25	70,774	904	1.28
Mortgage loans:
Mortgage loans of Fannie Mae	$51,403	$2,288	4.45%	$52,074	$2,438	4.68%	$60,587	$2,835	4.68%
Mortgage loans of consolidated trusts	4,091,884	141,864	3.47	4,082,569	130,796	3.20	4,019,332	114,978	2.86
Total mortgage loans(4)	4,143,287	144,152	3.48	4,134,643	133,234	3.22	4,079,919	117,813	2.89
Advances to lenders	3,174	207	6.52	3,137	202	6.44	5,170	132	2.52
Total interest-earning assets	$4,295,393	$150,566	3.51%	$4,291,218	$139,714	3.25%	$4,238,708	$120,297	2.84%
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Short-term funding debt	$11,674	$(595)	5.10	$13,440	$(672)	5.00	$4,429	$(76)	1.69
Long-term funding debt	106,238	(4,009)	3.77	113,958	(3,624)	3.18	139,098	(2,481)	1.78
CAS debt	2,341	(267)	11.41	4,021	(415)	10.32	8,658	(511)	5.90
Total debt of Fannie Mae	120,253	(4,871)	4.05	131,419	(4,711)	3.58	152,185	(3,068)	2.02
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties	4,082,271	(116,947)	2.86	4,083,997	(106,230)	2.60	4,030,467	(87,806)	2.18
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$4,202,524	$(121,818)	2.90%	$4,215,416	$(110,941)	2.63%	$4,182,652	$(90,874)	2.17%
Net interest income/net interest yield		$28,748	0.67%		$28,773	0.67%		$29,423	0.69%

(1)Includes the effects of discounts, premiums and other cost basis adjustments, including basis adjustments related to hedge accounting.

(2)Prior to March 31, 2024, “Cash and cash equivalents” were previously reported within “Investments in securities.” The prior periods have

been updated to conform to the current period presentation.

(3)Consists of U.S. Treasuries not classified as cash equivalents and mortgage-related securities.

(4)Average balance includes mortgage loans on nonaccrual status. Interest income includes loan fees of $2.8 billion, $2.8 billion and

$5.1 billion for the years ended 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Loan fees primarily consist of yield maintenance revenue we

recognized on the prepayment of multifamily mortgage loans and the amortization of upfront cash fees exchanged when we acquire the

mortgage loan.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 62

MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations

The table below displays the change in our net interest income between periods and the extent to which that variance is

attributable to: (1) changes in the volume of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities or (2) changes in

the interest rates of these assets and liabilities.

Rate/Volume Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Income
	2024 vs. 2023			2023 vs. 2022
	Total Variance	Variance Due to:(1)		Total Variance	Variance Due to:(1)
		Volume	Rate		Volume	Rate
	(Dollars in millions)
Interest income:
Cash and cash equivalents(2)	$(439)	$(535)	$96	$2,001	$2	$1,999
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	171	92	79	1,596	463	1,133
Investments in securities(3)	197	93	104	329	(239)	568
Mortgage loans:
Mortgage loans of Fannie Mae	(150)	(31)	(119)	(397)	(398)	1
Mortgage loans of consolidated trusts	11,068	299	10,769	15,818	1,834	13,984
Total mortgage loans	10,918	268	10,650	15,421	1,436	13,985
Advances to lenders	5	2	3	70	(68)	138
Total interest income	10,852	(80)	10,932	19,417	1,594	17,823
Interest expense:
Short-term funding debt	77	89	(12)	(596)	(307)	(289)
Long-term funding debt	(385)	258	(643)	(1,143)	514	(1,657)
CAS debt	148	188	(40)	96	359	(263)
Total debt of Fannie Mae	(160)	535	(695)	(1,643)	566	(2,209)
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties	(10,717)	45	(10,762)	(18,424)	(1,181)	(17,243)
Total interest expense	(10,877)	580	(11,457)	(20,067)	(615)	(19,452)
Net interest income	$(25)	$500	$(525)	$(650)	$979	$(1,629)

(1)Combined rate/volume variances are allocated between rate and volume based on the relative size of each variance.

(2)Prior to March 31, 2024, “Cash and cash equivalents” were previously reported within “Investments in securities.” The prior periods have

been updated to conform to the current period presentation. Cash equivalents are composed of overnight reverse repurchase agreements

and U.S. Treasuries, if any, that have a maturity at the date of acquisition of three months or less.

(3)Consists of U.S. Treasuries not classified as cash equivalents and mortgage-related securities.

Benefit (Provision) for Credit Losses

Our benefit or provision for credit losses can vary substantially from period to period based on a number of factors, such

as changes in actual and forecasted home prices or multifamily property valuations, fluctuations in actual and

forecasted interest rates, the credit risk profile of our new acquisitions, borrower payment behavior, events such as

natural disasters or pandemics, the types, volume and effectiveness of our loss mitigation activities, including

forbearances and loan modifications, the volume of foreclosures completed and the volume and pricing of loans

redesignated from held for investment (“HFI”) to held for sale (“HFS”). The benefit or provision for credit losses includes

our benefit or provision for loan losses, accrued interest receivable losses, our guaranty loss reserves and credit losses

on our available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities.

Our benefit or provision for credit losses and our related loss reserves can also be impacted by updates to the models,

assumptions and data used in determining our allowance for loan losses. Although we believe the estimates underlying

our allowance as of December 31, 2024 are reasonable, they are subject to uncertainty. Changes in future economic

conditions and loan performance from our current expectations may result in volatility in our allowance for loan losses

and, as a result, our benefit or provision for credit losses. See “Critical Accounting Estimates” for additional information

about how our estimate of credit losses is subject to uncertainty. See “Risk Factors—Credit Risk” for a discussion of

factors that could result in significant provisions for credit losses on the loans in our book of business.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 63

MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations

The table below presents our single-family and multifamily benefit or provision for credit losses and the change in

expected credit enhancement recoveries.

Components of Benefit (Provision) for Credit Losses and Change in Expected Credit Enhancement Recoveries
	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2022
(Dollars in millions)
Benefit (provision) for credit losses:
Single-family benefit (provision) for credit losses	$938	$2,165	$(5,029)
Multifamily benefit (provision) for credit losses	(752)	(495)	(1,248)
Total benefit (provision) for credit losses	$186	$1,670	$(6,277)
Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries:(1)
Single-family	$(134)	$(310)	$470
Multifamily	328	117	257
Total change in expected credit enhancement recoveries	$194	$(193)	$727

(1)Consists of estimated changes in benefits from our freestanding credit enhancements.

Single-Family Benefit (Provision) for Credit Losses

Our single-family benefit for credit losses in 2024 was primarily driven by improvements to our longer-term single-family

home price forecast, partially offset by provision from the risk profile of newly acquired loans, and provision related to

higher mortgage interest rates.

•Home price forecast benefit. We recognized a benefit from improvements to our longer-term single-family home

price forecast. Higher home prices decrease the likelihood that loans will default and reduce the amount of

losses on loans that default, which impacts our estimate of losses and ultimately reduces our loss reserves and

provision for credit losses.

•Provision for newly acquired loans. The provision for newly acquired loans was primarily driven by the credit

risk profile of our 2024 single-family acquisitions, which primarily consisted of purchase loans. Purchase loans

generally have higher origination LTV ratios than refinance loans; therefore, purchase loans generally have a

higher estimated risk of default and loss severity in the allowance than refinance loans and a correspondingly

higher credit loss provision at the time of acquisition.

•Provision for higher interest rates. We also recognized provision from higher mortgage interest rates. As

mortgage rates increase, we expect a decrease in future prepayments on single-family loans. Lower expected

prepayments extend the expected life of the loan, which increases our expectation of credit losses.

See “Key Market Economic Indicators” for additional information about how home prices and interest rates affect our

credit loss estimates, including a discussion of home price growth and our home price forecast. Also see “Critical

Accounting Estimates” for more information about our home price and interest rate forecasts and how they can impact

our single-family benefit (provision) for credit losses.

Our single-family benefit for credit losses in 2023 was primarily driven by a benefit from actual and forecasted home

price growth, partially offset by a provision from changes in loan activity and a provision relating to the redesignation of

loans from HFI to HFS, as described below:

•Benefit from actual and forecasted home price growth. During 2023, we observed stronger than expected

actual and forecasted home price appreciation.

•Provision from changes in loan activity. This includes provision on newly acquired loans and was primarily

driven by the credit risk profile of our 2023 single-family acquisitions, which had a higher proportion of purchase

loans compared with our 2022 single-family acquisitions.

•Provision from redesignation of loans from HFI to HFS. In 2023 we redesignated certain nonperforming and

reperforming single-family loans from HFI to HFS, as we no longer intended to hold them for the foreseeable

future or to maturity. Upon redesignation, these loans had an amortized cost of $3.3 billion with a related

allowance of $42 million. Since interest rates on the loans were below current market interest rates, their

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 64

MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations

carrying value exceeded their fair value at the time of redesignation, which resulted in a write-off against the

allowance of $658 million, with a net impact of $616 million in additional provision for credit losses.

Multifamily Benefit (Provision) for Credit Losses

Our multifamily provision for credit losses in 2024 was primarily driven by declining multifamily property values, an

increase in multifamily loan delinquencies, and provision related to our estimate of losses on loans involving fraud or

suspected fraud. These factors were partially offset by an improved long-term forecast of multifamily property net

operating income (“NOI”).

•Provision relating to declining multifamily property values. During 2024, multifamily property values declined,

primarily due to elevated interest rates resulting in higher market yield requirements. This decrease in property

values led to higher LTV ratios for loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business, which drove higher

estimated risk of default and loss severity in the allowance and therefore a higher credit loss provision.

•Provision relating to increased delinquencies. Multifamily loan delinquencies increased in 2024, particularly for

adjustable-rate conventional loans that became seriously delinquent and were written down to their net

recoverable amount, which contributed to the multifamily provision for credit losses.

•Provision relating to fraud or suspected fraud. Expected losses relating to multifamily lending transactions

involving fraud or suspected fraud further heightened the risk of default and added to our multifamily credit loss

provision.

•Benefit relating to improved NOI forecast. Our forecast of NOI on multifamily properties improved compared to

our prior forecast, which also positively impacted our projection of multifamily property values. This

improvement in our NOI forecast was primarily due to a refinement of our forecast assumptions to use the

average NOI historical growth rate for a longer period of the forecast.

See “Critical Accounting Estimates” for more information about our NOI and property value growth estimates and how

they can affect our multifamily benefit (provision) for credit losses.

The primary factors that contributed to our multifamily provision for credit losses in 2023 were:

•Provision from changes in loan activity. This was primarily driven by new acquisitions resulting in book growth,

as well as increased delinquencies and declining DSCRs on the multifamily guaranty book, particularly in

instances where the DSCR declined to at or below a 1.0x coverage ratio.

•Provision from actual and projected economic data. Multifamily property values decreased throughout 2023,

which resulted in higher estimated LTV ratios on the loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business,

resulting in a provision for credit losses.

Change in Expected Credit Enhancement Recoveries

Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries consists of the change in benefits recognized from our freestanding

credit enhancements, including any realized amounts. Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries shifted from

expense in 2023 to income in 2024 driven by the larger multifamily provision for credit losses in 2024. The increase in

estimated credit losses on our multifamily guaranty book of business increased the amount we expect to receive from

our multifamily loss sharing arrangements.

Fair Value Gains (Losses), Net

The estimated fair value of our derivatives, trading securities and other financial instruments carried at fair value may

fluctuate substantially from period to period because of changes in interest rates, the yield curve, mortgage and credit

spreads and implied volatility, as well as activity related to these financial instruments.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 65

MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations

The table below displays the components of our fair value gains and losses. Fair value gains, net in 2024 were driven

by gains on risk management derivatives, trading securities and mortgage commitment derivatives. Gains on risk

management derivatives and mortgage commitment derivatives were primarily due to rising interest rates, and the gains

on trading securities were primarily driven by holdings of U.S. Treasury securities moving closer to maturity, which

resulted in the reversal of previously recorded fair value losses.

Fair Value Gains (Losses), Net
	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2022
	(Dollars in millions)
Risk management derivatives fair value gains (losses) attributable to:
Net contractual interest income (expense) on interest-rate swaps(1)	$(1,074)	$(1,444)	$(492)
Net change in fair value during the period	1,997	1,311	(1,891)
Impact of hedge accounting(2)	(163)	481	2,763
Risk management derivatives fair value gains (losses), net	760	348	380
Mortgage commitment derivatives fair value gains (losses), net	533	120	2,708
Credit enhancement derivatives fair value gains (losses), net	(82)	46	(97)
Total derivatives fair value gains (losses), net	1,211	514	2,991
Trading securities gains (losses), net	570	1,006	(3,504)
Long-term debt fair value gains (losses), net	59	(308)	2,265
Other, net(3)	(19)	92	(468)
Fair value gains (losses), net	$1,821	$1,304	$1,284

(1)Net contractual interest income (expense) on interest-rate swaps is primarily impacted by changes in interest rates and changes in the

composition of our interest-rate swaps portfolio.

(2)The “Impact of hedge accounting” reflected in this table shows the net gain or loss from swaps in hedging relationships plus any accrued

interest during the applicable periods that are recognized in “Net interest income.” For more information about our hedge accounting

program, see “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 9, Derivative Instruments.”

(3)Consists primarily of fair value gains and losses on mortgage loans held at fair value.

Risk Management Derivatives Fair Value Gains (Losses), Net

Risk management derivative instruments are an integral part of our interest-rate risk management strategy. We

supplement our issuance of debt securities with derivative instruments to further reduce duration risk, which includes

prepayment risk. We purchase option-based risk management derivatives to economically hedge prepayment risk. In

cases where options obtained through callable debt issuances are not needed for risk management derivative

purposes, we may sell options in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives market in order to offset the options obtained

in the callable debt. Our principal purpose in using derivatives is to manage our aggregate interest-rate risk profile within

prescribed risk parameters. We generally use only derivatives that are relatively liquid and straightforward to value. We

consider the cost of derivatives used in our management of interest-rate risk to be an inherent part of the cost of funding

and hedging our mortgage investments and economically similar to the interest expense that we recognize on the debt

we issue to fund our mortgage investments.

We present, by derivative instrument type, the fair value gains and losses on our derivatives in “Note 9, Derivative

Instruments.” The primary factors that may affect the fair value of our risk management derivatives include the following:

•Changes in interest rates. Our primary derivative instruments are interest-rate swaps, including pay-fixed and

receive-fixed interest-rate swaps. Pay-fixed swaps decrease in value and receive-fixed swaps increase in value

as swap rates decrease (with the opposite being true when swap rates increase). Because the composition of

our pay-fixed and receive-fixed derivatives varies across the yield curve, different yield curve changes (that is,

parallel, steepening or flattening) will generate different gains and losses. Changes in the fair value of

derivatives in hedging relationships are recorded in “Net interest income.”

•Changes in our derivative activity. The mix and balance of our derivative portfolio changes from period to period

as we enter into or terminate derivative instruments to respond to changes in interest rates and changes in the

balances and modeled characteristics of our assets and liabilities. Changes in the composition of our derivative

portfolio affect the derivative fair value gains and losses we recognize in a given period.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 66

MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations

Additional factors that affect the fair value of our risk management derivatives include implied interest-rate volatility and

the time value of purchased or sold options.

We recognized net fair value gains on risk management derivatives in 2024 primarily as a result of increasing interest

rates, partially offset by contractual interest expense on our interest-rate swaps.

We recognized net fair value gains on risk management derivatives in 2023 primarily as a result of increasing interest

rates in the first three quarters of 2023, partially offset by increased contractual interest expense on our interest-rate

swaps.

For additional information on our use of derivatives to manage interest-rate risk, see “Risk Management—Market Risk

Management, including Interest-Rate Risk Management—Interest-Rate Risk Management.”

Mortgage Commitment Derivatives Fair Value Gains (Losses), Net

We account for certain commitments to purchase or sell mortgage-related securities and to purchase single-family

mortgage loans as derivatives. For open mortgage commitment derivatives, we include changes in their fair value in our

consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. When derivative purchase commitments settle, we

include the fair value of the commitment on the settlement date in the cost basis of the loan or security we purchase.

When derivative commitments to sell securities settle, we include the fair value of the commitment on the settlement

date in the cost basis of the security we sell. Purchases of securities issued by our consolidated MBS trusts are treated

as extinguishments of debt; we recognize the fair value of the commitment on the settlement date as a component of

debt extinguishment gains and losses in “Other expenses, net.” Sales of securities issued by our consolidated MBS

trusts are treated as issuances of consolidated debt; we recognize the fair value of the commitment on the settlement

date as a component of debt in the cost basis of the debt issued.

We recognized fair value gains on our mortgage commitments in 2024 primarily due to rising interest rates, partially

offset by fair value losses in the third quarter, caused by decreasing interest rates.

We recognized fair value gains on our mortgage commitments in 2023 primarily due to rising interest rates in the first

three quarters of 2023. These gains were partially offset by fair value losses in the fourth quarter of 2023 due to

decreasing interest rates and tightening of the secondary spread, which is the spread between the 30-year MBS current

coupon yield and 10-year U.S. Treasury rate.

Trading Securities Gains (Losses), Net

We measure trading securities at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets with subsequent changes in fair value

recorded as “Fair value gains (losses), net” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

The changes in the fair value of our trading securities are included in “Trading securities gains (losses), net” in the table

above.

Gains on trading securities in 2024 were primarily driven by holdings of U.S. Treasury securities moving closer to

maturity. As a result, previously recognized fair value losses were reversed, resulting in a net gain on our fixed-rate

securities held in our corporate liquidity portfolio.

Gains on trading securities in 2023 were primarily driven by the decrease in U.S. Treasury yields in the fourth quarter of

2023, which resulted in a net gain on our fixed-rate securities held in our corporate liquidity portfolio.

Long-Term Debt Fair Value Gains (Losses), Net

We generally elect the fair value option for our long-term debt when the accounting guidance would otherwise require us

to separate a derivative from the debt contract and record that derivative at fair value. The changes in the fair value of

our long-term debt held at fair value are included in “Long-term debt fair value gains (losses), net” in the table above.

Gains on long-term debt held at fair value in 2024 were due to decreases in the fair value of long-term debt of

consolidated trusts held at fair value, driven by rising interest rates.

Losses on long-term debt held at fair value in 2023 were due to an increase in the fair value of long-term debt of

consolidated trusts held at fair value, driven by decreasing interest rates and tightening of the secondary spread during

the fourth quarter of 2023.

Administrative Expenses

Administrative expenses consists of salaries and employee benefits, professional services, and technology and

occupancy costs. Administrative expenses were $3.6 billion in 2024 compared with $3.4 billion in 2023. By remaining

disciplined on costs within our control, we kept the increase in our administrative expenses to 5%.

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MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations

Legislative Assessments

Legislative assessments consists of TCCA fees, FHFA assessments and affordable housing allocations.

•TCCA fees are the expense recognized as a result of the 10 basis point increase in guaranty fees on all single-

family mortgages delivered to us on or after April 1, 2012 pursuant to the Temporary Payroll Tax Cut

Continuation Act of 2011 and as extended by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, which we pay to

Treasury.

•FHFA assessments are expenses relating to our obligation to pay FHFA to cover a portion of its costs,

expenses and working capital. Under the GSE Act, FHFA is authorized to establish and collect annual

assessments from its regulated entities, including Fannie Mae, to provide for the payment of FHFA’s costs and

expenses and to maintain a working capital fund.

•Affordable housing allocations relates to the GSE Act requirement to set aside each year an amount equal to

4.2 basis points of the unpaid principal balance of our new business purchases and to pay this amount to

specified HUD and Treasury funds in support of affordable housing. In March 2024, we paid $155 million to the

funds based on our new business purchases in 2023. For 2024, we recognized an expense of $160 million

related to this obligation based on $381.1 billion in new business purchases during the year. We expect to pay

this amount to the funds in 2025.

For additional information on our TCCA fees, FHFA assessments and affordable housing allocations, see “Certain

Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence—Transactions with Related Persons” and “Note 2,

Conservatorship, Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and Related Matters—Related Parties.”

The table below displays the components of our legislative assessments.

Legislative Assessments
	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2022
	(Dollars in millions)
TCCA fees	$3,442	$3,431	$3,369
FHFA assessments	164	159	132
Affordable housing allocations:
Treasury’s Capital Magnet Fund	56	54	101
HUD’s Housing Trust Fund	104	101	186
Total affordable housing allocations	160	155	287
Total legislative assessments	$3,766	$3,745	$3,788

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 68

MD&A | Consolidated Balance Sheet Analysis

Consolidated Balance Sheet Analysis

This section discusses our consolidated balance sheets and should be read together with our consolidated financial

statements and the accompanying notes.

Summary of Consolidated Balance Sheets
	As of December 31,
	2024	2023	Variance
	(Dollars in millions)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$38,853	$35,817	$3,036
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	39,958	32,889	7,069
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	15,975	30,700	(14,725)
Investments in securities, at fair value	79,197	53,116	26,081
Mortgage loans:
Of Fannie Mae	50,408	50,325	83
Of consolidated trusts	4,095,305	4,094,036	1,269
Allowance for loan losses	(7,707)	(8,730)	1,023
Mortgage loans, net of allowance for loan losses	4,138,006	4,135,631	2,375
Deferred tax assets, net	10,545	11,681	(1,136)
Other assets	27,197	25,603	1,594
Total assets	$4,349,731	$4,325,437	$24,294
Liabilities and equity
Debt:
Of Fannie Mae	$139,422	$124,065	$15,357
Of consolidated trusts	4,088,675	4,098,653	(9,978)
Other liabilities	26,977	25,037	1,940
Total liabilities	4,255,074	4,247,755	7,319
Fannie Mae stockholders’ equity:
Senior preferred stock	120,836	120,836	—
Other net deficit	(26,179)	(43,154)	16,975
Total equity	94,657	77,682	16,975
Total liabilities and equity	$4,349,731	$4,325,437	$24,294

Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

The increase in restricted cash and cash equivalents from December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024 was primarily

driven by an increase in prepayments of loans held in consolidated trusts, resulting in higher cash balances held in trust

at period end.

Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell and Investments in Securities,

at Fair Value

The primary driver of the increase in investments in securities, at fair value, as well as the decrease in securities

purchased under agreements to resell, from December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024, was a shift to investing the

proceeds of funding debt issued during the second half of 2024 in longer-term U.S. Treasury securities, rather than

investing those funds in securities purchased under agreements to resell. See “Liquidity and Capital Management—

Liquidity Management—Corporate Liquidity Portfolio” for additional information.

Mortgage Loans, Net of Allowance for Loan Losses

The mortgage loans reported in our consolidated balance sheets are classified as either HFS or HFI and include loans

owned by Fannie Mae and loans held in consolidated trusts.

The increase in mortgage loans, net of allowance from December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024 was primarily driven

by an increase in multifamily loans, as multifamily acquisitions outpaced paydowns and liquidations. In addition, our

allowance for loan losses decreased during the period. The impact of these factors was partially offset by a decrease in

single-family loans.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 69

MD&A | Consolidated Balance Sheet Analysis

For additional information on our mortgage loans, see “Note 4, Mortgage Loans,” and for additional information on

changes in our allowance for loan losses, see “Note 5, Allowance for Loan Losses.”

Debt

Debt of consolidated trusts represents the amount of Fannie Mae MBS issued from consolidated trusts and held by

third-party certificateholders. Debt of Fannie Mae also includes CAS debt, which we issued in connection with our

transfer of mortgage credit risk.

The increase in debt of Fannie Mae from December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024 was primarily due to the issuance

of additional long-term debt in 2024. The decrease in debt of consolidated trusts from December 31, 2023 to December

31, 2024 was primarily driven by liquidations of Fannie Mae single-family MBS outpacing issuances and an increase in

MBS securities held in our retained mortgage portfolio. See “Liquidity and Capital Management—Liquidity Management

—Debt Funding” for a summary of activity in debt of Fannie Mae and a comparison of the mix between our outstanding

short-term and long-term debt. Also see “Note 8, Short-Term and Long-Term Debt” for additional information on our total

outstanding debt.

Stockholders’ Equity

Our stockholders’ equity (also referred to as our net worth) increased to $94.7 billion as of December 31, 2024,

compared with $77.7 billion as of December 31, 2023, due to the $17.0 billion in comprehensive income recognized

during 2024.

The aggregate liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock increased to $212.0 billion as of December 31, 2024

from $195.2 billion as of December 31, 2023. The aggregate liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock will

further increase to $216.1 billion as of March 31, 2025, due to the $4.1 billion increase in our net worth in the fourth

quarter of 2024. For more information about how this liquidation preference is determined, see “Business—

Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements—Treasury Agreements—Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and

Senior Preferred Stock.”

Retained Mortgage Portfolio

Our retained mortgage portfolio consists of mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities that we own, including

Fannie Mae MBS and non-Fannie Mae mortgage-related securities. Assets held by consolidated MBS trusts that back

mortgage-related securities owned by third parties are not included in our retained mortgage portfolio.

We use our retained mortgage portfolio primarily to provide liquidity to the mortgage market through portfolio

securitization transactions and to support our loss mitigation activities.

We classify our retained mortgage portfolio into three categories:

•Lender liquidity includes balances related to our portfolio securitization activity, which supports our efforts to

provide liquidity to the single-family and multifamily mortgage markets.

•Loss mitigation includes delinquent mortgage loans we purchase from our MBS trusts, which enables us to

initiate certain loss mitigation efforts.

•Other represents assets that we previously purchased for investment purposes.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 70

MD&A | Retained Mortgage Portfolio

The table below displays the components of our retained mortgage portfolio. Based on the nature of the asset, these

balances are included in either “Investments in securities, at fair value” or “Mortgage loans, net of allowance for loan

losses” in our “Summary of Consolidated Balance Sheets” table above.

The increase in our retained mortgage portfolio as of December 31, 2024 compared with December 31, 2023 was

primarily due to an increase in our lender liquidity portfolio driven by higher holdings in agency securities. This was

partially offset by the continued decline in loans and securities in the other category primarily due to liquidations and

paydowns.

Retained Mortgage Portfolio
	As of December 31,
	2024	2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Lender liquidity:
Agency securities(1)	$40,550	$27,823
Mortgage loans	8,093	7,101
Total lender liquidity	48,643	34,924
Loss mitigation mortgage loans(2)	40,194	38,634
Other:
Reverse mortgage loans and securities(3)	3,542	5,953
Other mortgage loans and securities(4)	2,502	3,683
Total other	6,044	9,636
Total retained mortgage portfolio	$94,881	$83,194
Retained mortgage portfolio by segment:
Single-family mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities	$89,308	$77,357
Multifamily mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities	$5,573	$5,837

(1)Consists of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae mortgage-related securities, including Freddie Mac securities guaranteed by Fannie

Mae. Excludes Fannie Mae and Ginnie Mae reverse mortgage securities and Fannie Mae-wrapped private-label securities.

(2)Includes single-family loans on nonaccrual status of $10.3 billion and $8.1 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Also

includes multifamily loans on nonaccrual status of $2.9 billion and $2.0 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(3)Includes Fannie Mae and Ginnie Mae reverse mortgage securities. We stopped acquiring newly originated reverse mortgage loans in

2010.

(4)Other mortgage loans primarily includes multifamily loans on accrual status and single-family loans that are not included in the loss

mitigation or lender liquidity categories. Other mortgage securities primarily includes private-label securities and mortgage revenue bonds.

The amount of mortgage assets that we may own is capped at $225 billion under the terms of our senior preferred stock

purchase agreement with Treasury. In addition, we are currently required to cap our mortgage assets at $202.5 billion

per instructions from FHFA.

We include 10% of the notional value of the interest-only securities we hold in calculating the size of the retained

mortgage portfolio for the purpose of determining compliance with the senior preferred stock purchase agreement

mortgage assets cap and associated FHFA instructions. As of December 31, 2024, 10% of the notional value of our

interest-only securities was $1.6 billion, which is not included in the table above.

Under the terms of our MBS trust documents, we have the option or, in some instances, the obligation, to purchase

mortgage loans that meet specific criteria from an MBS trust. FHFA has also provided us with instruction on our single-

family delinquent loan buyout policy. The purchase price for these loans is the unpaid principal balance of the loans plus

accrued interest. In support of our loss mitigation strategies, we purchased $12.7 billion of loans from our single-family

MBS trusts during 2024, the substantial majority of which were delinquent, compared with $9.5 billion of loans

purchased from single-family MBS trusts during 2023.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 71

MD&A | Guaranty Book of Business

Guaranty Book of Business

When we securitize mortgage loans originated by lenders into Fannie Mae mortgage-backed securities, we issue

guarantees, taking on the credit risk for those mortgage loans. Our guaranty book of business offers insight into both the

guarantees we’ve issued and the credit risk of the loans we’ve acquired that back our MBS outstanding or that are held

in our retained mortgage portfolio.

Our “guaranty book of business” consists of: (1) Fannie Mae MBS outstanding, excluding the portions of any structured

securities we issue that are backed by Freddie Mac securities, (2) mortgage loans of Fannie Mae held in our retained

mortgage portfolio, and (3) other credit enhancements that we provide on mortgage assets.

We use the term “Fannie Mae MBS” or “our MBS” to refer to any type of mortgage-backed security that we issue,

including Fannie Mae-issued UMBS and structured securities such as Supers® and Real Estate Mortgage Investment

Conduit securities (“REMICs”).

We and Freddie Mac each issue single-family uniform mortgage-backed securities, or “UMBS®.” In some instances, our

MBS are resecuritizations of securities backed in whole or in part by Freddie Mac-issued UMBS, in which case our

guaranty extends to the underlying Freddie Mac securities, shown as “Freddie Mac securities guaranteed by Fannie

Mae” in the table below. The Freddie Mac securities guaranteed by Fannie Mae are excluded from our “guaranty book

of business” because Freddie Mac continues to guarantee the payment of principal and interest on the underlying

Freddie Mac securities, but included in “Total Fannie Mae guarantees” as presented in the table below.

The table below displays the composition of our guaranty book of business and our total Fannie Mae guarantees based

on unpaid principal balance.

Composition of Fannie Mae Guaranty Book of Business
	As of December 31,
	2024			2023
	Single- Family	Multifamily	Total	Single- Family	Multifamily	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Conventional guaranty book of business(1)	$3,632,700	$502,080	$4,134,780	$3,647,344	$471,812	$4,119,156
Government guaranty book of business(2)	5,705	490	6,195	7,901	520	8,421
Guaranty book of business	3,638,405	502,570	4,140,975	3,655,245	472,332	4,127,577
Freddie Mac securities guaranteed by Fannie Mae(3)	200,086	—	200,086	215,605	—	215,605
Total Fannie Mae guarantees	$3,838,491	$502,570	$4,341,061	$3,870,850	$472,332	$4,343,182

(1)Refers to mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities that are not guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government.

(2)Refers to mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government.

(3)Represents the unpaid principal balance of Freddie Mac-issued UMBS backing Fannie Mae-issued Supers and REMICs. Because we do

not have the power to direct matters (primarily the servicing of mortgage loans) that impact the credit risk to which we are exposed, which

constitute control of these securitization trusts, we do not consolidate these trusts in our consolidated balance sheet, giving rise to off-

balance sheet exposure. See “Liquidity and Capital Management—Liquidity Management—Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements” and “Note 7,

Financial Guarantees” for information regarding our maximum exposure to loss on unconsolidated Fannie Mae MBS and Freddie Mac

securities.

Presentation of Guaranty Book of Business in the Single-Family Business and

Multifamily Business sections

We present the guaranty book of business in this section and in our Monthly Summary reports, which are available on

our website, based on the unpaid principal balance of our MBS outstanding. In the “Single-Family Business” and

“Multifamily Business” sections of this report, we present our single-family conventional guaranty book of business and

our multifamily guaranty book of business, respectively, based on the unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans

underlying our MBS. These amounts differ primarily as a result of payments we receive on underlying loans that have

not yet been paid to the MBS holders or in instances where we have advanced missed borrower payments on mortgage

loans to make required distributions to MBS holders. The difference in these measurements is less than 1%. Using

these two presentations allows us to base the disclosure in this section and in our Monthly Summary reports based on

the MBS measurement, and disclosures about the composition of loans in our guaranty book of business based on the

loan measurement.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 72

MD&A | Business Segment Financial Results

Business Segment Financial Results

We have two reportable business segments: Single-Family and Multifamily. This section provides a discussion of the

primary components of net income for our Single-Family Business and Multifamily Business segments. This information

complements the discussion of our consolidated financial results in “Consolidated Results of Operations.”

Single-Family Business Financial Results(1)
	For the Year Ended December 31,			Variance
	2024	2023	2022	2024 vs. 2023		2023 vs. 2022
	(Dollars in millions)
Net interest income(2)	$24,130	$24,229	$24,736		$(99)		$(507)
Fee and other income(3)	245	205	224		40		(19)
Net revenues	24,375	24,434	24,960		(59)		(526)
Benefit (provision) for credit losses	938	2,165	(5,029)		(1,227)		7,194
Fair value gains (losses), net	1,745	1,231	1,364		514		(133)
Investment gains (losses), net	(53)	(41)	(223)		(12)		182
Non-interest expense:
Administrative expenses(4)	(3,000)	(2,858)	(2,677)		(142)		(181)
Legislative assessments(5)	(3,719)	(3,699)	(3,739)		(20)		40
Credit enhancement expense(6)	(1,349)	(1,281)	(1,062)		(68)		(219)
Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries(7)	(134)	(310)	470		176		(780)
Other expenses, net(8)	(683)	(851)	(520)		168		(331)
Total non-interest expense	(8,885)	(8,999)	(7,528)		114		(1,471)
Income before federal income taxes	18,120	18,790	13,544		(670)		5,246
Provision for federal income taxes	(3,690)	(3,935)	(2,774)		245		(1,161)
Net income	$14,430	$14,855	$10,770		$(425)		$4,085

Multifamily Business Financial Results(1)
	For the Year Ended December 31,			Variance
	2024	2023	2022	2024 vs. 2023		2023 vs. 2022
	(Dollars in millions)
Net interest income	$4,618	$4,544	$4,687		$74		$(143)
Fee and other income(3)	76	70	88		6		(18)
Net revenues	4,694	4,614	4,775		80		(161)
Benefit (provision) for credit losses	(752)	(495)	(1,248)		(257)		753
Fair value gains (losses), net	76	73	(80)		3		153
Investment gains (losses), net	15	(12)	(74)		27		62
Non-interest expense:
Administrative expenses(4)	(619)	(587)	(520)		(32)		(67)
Legislative assessments(5)	(47)	(46)	(49)		(1)		3
Credit enhancement expense(6)	(292)	(231)	(261)		(61)		30
Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries(7)	328	117	257		211		(140)
Other expenses, net(8)	(254)	(267)	(111)		13		(156)
Total non-interest expense	(884)	(1,014)	(684)		130		(330)
Income before federal income taxes	3,149	3,166	2,689		(17)		477
Provision for federal income taxes	(601)	(613)	(536)		12		(77)
Net income	$2,548	$2,553	$2,153		$(5)		$400

(1)See “Note 11, Segment Reporting” for information about our segment allocation methodology.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 73

MD&A | Business Segment Financial Results

(2)For single-family, includes net interest income generated by the 10 basis point guaranty fee increase we implemented pursuant to the

Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011, and as extended by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, which is paid to

Treasury and not retained by us.

(3)Single-family fee and other income consists primarily of compensation for engaging in structured transactions and providing other lender

services. Multifamily fee and other income consists of fees associated with certain Multifamily business activities such as credit

enhancements for tax-exempt multifamily housing revenue bonds.

(4)Consists of (1) salaries and employee benefits, and (2) professional services, technology and occupancy expenses.

(5)For single-family, consists of the portion of our single-family guaranty fees that is paid to Treasury pursuant to the TCCA, affordable

housing allocations and FHFA assessments. For multifamily, consists of the affordable housing allocations and FHFA assessments.

(6)Single-family credit enhancement expense consists of costs associated with our freestanding credit enhancements, which primarily include

our CAS and CIRT programs, EPMI and certain lender risk-sharing programs. Multifamily credit enhancement expense primarily consists

of costs associated with our MCIRTTM and MCASTM programs as well as amortization expense for certain lender risk-sharing programs.

Excludes CAS transactions accounted for as debt instruments and credit risk transfer programs accounted for as derivative instruments.

(7)Consists of change in benefits recognized from our freestanding credit enhancements, primarily from our CAS and CIRT programs as well

as certain lender risk-sharing arrangements, including our multifamily DUS® program.

(8)Consists of debt extinguishment gains and losses, expenses associated with legal claims, foreclosed property income (expense), gains

and losses from partnership investments, loan subservicing costs, and servicer fees paid in connection with certain loss mitigation

activities.

Net Interest Income

(Dollars in millions)

Single-Family

The $99 million decrease in net interest income in 2024 compared with 2023 was driven by lower deferred guaranty fee

income, primarily offset by higher income from base guaranty fees and lower expense from hedge accounting.

The $507 million decrease in net interest income in 2023 compared with 2022 was primarily as a result of lower

deferred guaranty fee income and higher expense from hedge accounting largely offset by higher income from

portfolios.

Multifamily

The $74 million increase in net interest income in 2024 compared with 2023 was primarily driven by higher guaranty fee

income as a result of an increase in the size of our multifamily guaranty book of business, partially offset by lower

average charged guaranty fees and lower yield maintenance income from fewer prepayments.

The $143 million decrease in net interest income in 2023 compared with 2022 was primarily due to lower yield

maintenance income as a result of fewer prepayments, as well as lower average charged guaranty fees, partially offset

by an increase in our multifamily guaranty book of business.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 74

MD&A | Business Segment Financial Results

Benefit (Provision) for Credit Losses

(Dollars in millions)

See “Consolidated Results of Operations—Benefit (Provision) for Credit Losses” for a discussion of our single-family

and multifamily benefit (provision) for credit losses.

Change in Expected Credit Enhancement Recoveries

(Dollars in millions)

See “Consolidated Results of Operations—Change in Expected Credit Enhancement Recoveries” for a discussion of

the change in expected credit enhancement recoveries in 2024 as compared with 2023 relating to our multifamily loss

sharing arrangements.

Fair Value Gains (Losses), Net

(Dollars in millions)

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 75

MD&A | Business Segment Financial Results

Single-Family

Fair value gains, net in 2024 were driven by gains on risk management derivatives, trading securities and mortgage

commitment derivatives. Gains on risk management derivatives and mortgage commitment derivatives were primarily

due to rising interest rates, and the gains on trading securities were primarily driven by holdings of U.S. Treasury

securities moving closer to maturity, which resulted in the reversal of previously recorded fair value losses.

Fair value gains, net in 2023 were primarily driven by gains on trading securities. U.S. Treasury yields decreased in the

fourth quarter of 2023, which resulted in a net gain on our fixed-rate securities held in our corporate liquidity portfolio.

Multifamily

Fair value gains, net in 2024 were relatively flat compared with 2023.

Single-Family Business

Single-Family Primary Business Activities

Providing Liquidity for Single-Family Mortgage Loans

Working with lenders, our Single-Family business provides liquidity to the mortgage market primarily by acquiring single-

family loans from lenders and securitizing those loans into Fannie Mae MBS, which are either delivered to the lenders or

sold to investors or dealers. We describe our securitization transactions in “Business—Mortgage Securitizations.” Our

Single-Family business also supports liquidity in the mortgage market and the businesses of our lenders through other

activities, such as issuing structured Fannie Mae MBS backed by single-family mortgage assets and buying and selling

single-family agency mortgage-backed securities.

Our Single-Family business securitizes and purchases primarily conventional (not government-insured or government-

guaranteed) single-family fixed-rate or adjustable-rate, first-lien mortgage loans, or mortgage-related securities backed

by these types of loans. We also securitize or purchase loans insured by FHA, loans guaranteed by the VA, loans

guaranteed by the Rural Development Housing and Community Facilities Program of the U.S. Department of

Agriculture, manufactured housing mortgage loans and other mortgage-related securities.

Single-Family Mortgage Servicing

Our single-family mortgage loans are serviced by mortgage servicers on our behalf. Some loans are serviced by the

lenders that initially sold the loans to us. In other cases, loans are serviced by third-party servicers that did not originate

or sell the loans to us. For loans we own or guarantee, the lender or servicer must obtain our approval before selling

servicing rights to another servicer.

Our mortgage servicers typically collect and deliver principal and interest payments, administer escrow accounts,

monitor and report on loan performance, perform early delinquency intervention activities, evaluate transfers of

ownership interests, respond to requests for partial releases of security, and handle insurance proceeds from casualty

and condemnation losses. Our mortgage servicers are the primary point of contact for borrowers and perform a key role

in the effective implementation of our servicing policies, negotiation of workouts for delinquent and troubled loans, and

other loss mitigation activities. Mortgage servicers also inspect and preserve properties and process foreclosures and

bankruptcies. For information on the risks of our reliance on servicers, refer to “Risk Factors—Credit Risk.”

We compensate servicers primarily by permitting them to retain a specified portion of each interest payment on a

serviced mortgage loan as a servicing fee. Servicers also generally retain assumption fees, late payment charges and

other similar charges, to the extent they are collected from borrowers, as additional servicing compensation. We also

compensate servicers for negotiating workouts on problem loans.

Our servicers are required to develop, follow and maintain written procedures relating to loan servicing and legal

compliance in accordance with our Servicing Guide. We oversee servicer compliance with our Servicing Guide

requirements and execution of our loss mitigation programs by conducting reviews of select servicers. These reviews

are designed to test a servicer’s quality control processes and compliance with our requirements across key servicing

functions. Issues identified through these Servicing Guide compliance reviews are provided to the servicer with

prescribed corrective actions and expected resolution due dates, and we monitor servicers’ remediation of their

compliance issues.

We employ a servicer performance management program, called the Servicer Total Achievement and RewardsTM

(STARTM) Program, which provides our largest servicers a transparent framework of key metrics and operational

assessments to recognize strong performance and identify areas of weakness. Performance management staff

measure, monitor and manage overall servicer performance by conducting regular servicer performance reviews in an

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 76

MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Primary Business Activities

effort to promote optimal performance, mitigate risk and explore best practices or areas of opportunity to take action and

improve performance where necessary or appropriate.

Repercussions for poor performance by a servicer may include performance improvement plans, lost incentive income,

compensatory fees, monetary and non-monetary remedies, and reduced opportunity for STAR Program recognition. If

poor performance persists, servicing may ultimately be transferred to a different servicer.

Single-Family Credit Risk and Credit Loss Management

Our Single-Family business:

•Prices and manages the credit risk on loans in our single-family guaranty book of business through our loan

acquisition policies, including our Selling Guide.

•Enters into transactions that transfer a portion of the credit risk on some of the loans in our single-family

guaranty book of business through our credit risk transfer programs.

•Works to reduce costs of defaulted single-family loans, including through forbearance plans, home retention

solutions, foreclosure alternatives, management of foreclosures and our REO inventory, selling nonperforming

loans, and pursuing contractual remedies from lenders, servicers and providers of credit enhancement.

See “Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management” below for discussion of our strategies for managing credit risk

and credit losses on single-family loans.

Single-Family Lenders and Investors

We work with lenders that operate within the primary mortgage market where mortgage loans are originated and funds

are loaned to borrowers. Our lenders include mortgage banking companies, savings and loan associations, savings

banks, commercial banks, credit unions, community banks, private mortgage originators, and state and local housing

finance agencies. Lenders originating mortgages in the primary mortgage market often sell them in the secondary

mortgage market in the form of whole loans or in the form of mortgage-related securities.

During 2024, approximately 1,200 lenders delivered single-family mortgage loans to us. We acquire a significant portion

of our single-family mortgage loans from several large mortgage lenders. During 2024 and 2023, our top five lenders, in

the aggregate, accounted for 29% of our single-family business volume. No lender accounted for 10% or more of our

single-family business volume in 2024.

We have a diversified funding base of domestic and international investors. Purchasers of single-family Fannie Mae

MBS include asset managers, commercial banks, pension funds, insurance companies, Treasury, central banks,

corporations, state and local governments, and other municipal authorities. Our CAS investors include asset managers,

real estate investment trusts, hedge funds and insurance companies, while our CIRT transaction counterparties are

insurers and reinsurers.

Single-Family Competition

We compete to acquire single-family mortgage assets in the secondary mortgage market and to issue single-family

mortgage-backed securities to investors. Competition to acquire single-family mortgage assets is significantly affected

by: our and our competitors’ pricing, eligibility standards and risk appetite; the number and nature of single-family

mortgage loans originated and available for us to purchase in the secondary mortgage market (and whether sellers

elect to retain loans with better credit characteristics); investor demand for UMBS and for our and our competitors’ other

mortgage-backed securities; and macroeconomic conditions. Our ability to compete may also be affected by many other

factors, including: our and our competitors’ capital requirements; our and Freddie Mac’s return on capital requirements;

applicable requirements to purchase mission-related loans; FHFA’s single-family mortgage purchase, servicing and

securitization requirements aimed at aligning our single-family MBS with Freddie Mac’s MBS; direction from FHFA; new

or existing legislation or regulations applicable to us, our lenders or our investors; and our senior preferred stock

purchase agreement with Treasury.

Our primary competitors for the acquisition of single-family mortgage assets are Freddie Mac, FHA, the VA, the FHLBs,

U.S. banks and thrifts, securities dealers, insurance companies, and investment funds. Our primary competitors for the

issuance and/or guarantee of single-family mortgage-backed securities are Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae (which primarily

guarantees securities backed by FHA-insured loans and VA-guaranteed loans) and private market competitors.

Competition for investors and counterparties in our credit risk transfer transactions comes primarily from other issuers of

mortgage credit risk transfer transactions, such as Freddie Mac and private mortgage insurers. We also compete for

investor funds against other credit-related securitized products, such as private-label residential mortgage-backed

securities (“RMBS”), commercial RMBS, and collateralized loan obligations. The nature of our primary competitors and

the overall levels of competition we face could change as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside our

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 77

MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Competition

control. See “Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements,” “Business—Legislation and Regulation,” and

“Risk Factors” for information on matters that could affect our business and competitive environment.

Single-Family Mortgage Market

In the charts below we present macroeconomic factors that affect the single-family mortgage market in which our

Single-Family business operates. Home sales and the supply of unsold homes are indicators of the underlying demand

for mortgage loans, which impacts our acquisition volumes.

Total Single-Family Home Sales and Months’ Supply of Unsold Homes(1)	Single-Family Mortgage Originations and Mortgage Debt Outstanding(2)
(Home sales units in thousands)	(Dollars in trillions)

Months’ supply of new single-family unsold homes, as of year end	Fannie Mae’s percentage of total single-family mortgage debt outstanding, as of period end
Months’ supply of existing single-family unsold homes, as of year end	Single-family U.S. mortgage debt outstanding, as of period end
Existing home sales	Single-family U.S. mortgage loan originations
New home sales

(1)Total existing home sales data according to National Association of REALTORS®. New single-family home sales data according to the U.S.

Census Bureau. Certain previously reported data has been updated to reflect revised historical data from one or both of these

organizations.

(2)2024 information is as of September 30, 2024 and is based on the Federal Reserve’s December 2024 mortgage debt outstanding release,

the latest date for which the Federal Reserve has estimated mortgage debt outstanding for single-family residences. Prior-period amounts

have been changed to reflect revised historical data from the Federal Reserve.

Additional Information

•The average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage rate was 6.85% as of December 26, 2024 compared with 6.61% as of

December 28, 2023, and averaged 6.72% in 2024, compared with 6.81% in 2023, according to Freddie Mac’s

Primary Mortgage Market Survey®.

•We forecast that total originations in the U.S. single-family mortgage market in 2025 will increase from 2024

levels by approximately 13%, from an estimated $1.69 trillion in 2024 to $1.92 trillion in 2025, and the amount

of refinance originations in the U.S. single-family mortgage market will increase from an estimated $387 billion

in 2024 to $496 billion in 2025. See “Key Market Economic Indicators” for additional discussion of how housing

activity can affect our financial results and the uncertainties that may affect our forecasts and expectations.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 78

MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage-Related Securities Issuances Share

Single-Family Mortgage-Related Securities Issuances Share

Our single-family Fannie Mae MBS issuances were $329 billion in 2024, compared with $320 billion in 2023 and $628

billion in 2022. This slight increase in issuances compared with 2023 was driven by a modest uptick in refinancing

activity in 2024, prompted by a decline in interest rates during the third quarter of 2024. Based on the latest data

available, the charts below display our estimated share of single-family mortgage-related securities issuances as

compared with that of our primary competitors for the issuance of single-family mortgage-related securities for the

periods indicated.

Single-Family Mortgage-Related

Securities Issuances Share

Ginnie Mae	Private-label securities
Fannie Mae	Freddie Mac

We estimate our share of single-family mortgage-related securities issuances was 35% in 2022.

Our market share is influenced by various factors, including the pricing of single-family loans and the competitive market

environment. When making pricing and acquisition decisions for single-family loans, we must consider a mix of often

competing factors, such as competitive market dynamics, our capital requirements, our housing mission requirements

and UMBS market liquidity objectives. Balancing these considerations can sometimes create challenges that impact our

ability to compete effectively in the marketplace. For a discussion of factors that affect or could affect our business, our

competitive environment, demand for our MBS, or the liquidity and market value of our MBS, as well as the risks

associated with our conservatorship, our higher capital requirements relative to that of our primary competitor, our

housing mission requirements, the UMBS market and the performance of our MBS, see “Business—Conservatorship

and Treasury Agreements,” “Business—Legislation and Regulation,” “Risk Factors” and “Single-Family Competition.”

Single-Family Business Metrics

Net interest income for our Single-Family business is driven by the guaranty fees we charge and the size of our single-

family conventional guaranty book of business. The guaranty fees we charge are based on the characteristics of the

loans we acquire. We may adjust our guaranty fees in light of market conditions and to achieve return targets. As a

result, the average charged guaranty fee on new acquisitions may fluctuate based on the credit quality and product mix

of loans acquired, as well as market conditions and other factors.

The charts below display our average charged guaranty fees, net of TCCA fees, on our single-family conventional

guaranty book of business and on new single-family conventional loan acquisitions, along with our average single-family

conventional guaranty book of business and our single-family conventional loan acquisitions for the periods presented.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 79

MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Business Metrics

Select Single-Family Business Metrics(1)

(Dollars in billions)

Average charged guaranty fee on single-family conventional guaranty book of business, net of TCCA fees(2)	Average single-family conventional guaranty book of business(3)
Average charged guaranty fee on new single-family conventional acquisitions, net of TCCA fees(2)	Single-family conventional acquisitions

(1)As measured for purposes of the information reported in this section, our single-family conventional guaranty book of business was

$3,617.3 billion as of December 31, 2024, $3,636.7 billion as of December 31, 2023 and $3,635.2 billion as of December 31, 2022.

(2)Excludes the impact of a 10 basis point guaranty fee increase implemented pursuant to the TCCA, the incremental revenue from which is

paid to Treasury and not retained by us.

(3)Our single-family conventional guaranty book of business primarily consists of single-family conventional mortgage loans underlying

Fannie Mae MBS outstanding. It also includes single-family conventional mortgage loans of Fannie Mae held in our retained mortgage

portfolio, and other credit enhancements that we provide on single-family conventional mortgage assets. Our single-family conventional

guaranty book of business does not include: (a) mortgage loans guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government; (b)

Freddie Mac-acquired mortgage loans underlying Freddie Mac-issued UMBS that we have resecuritized; or (c) non-Fannie Mae single-

family mortgage-related securities held in our retained mortgage portfolio for which we do not provide a guaranty. Our average single-

family conventional guaranty book of business is based on quarter-end balances.

Our single-family conventional loan acquisition volumes remained at low levels in 2024. While interest rates decreased

during the third quarter of 2024, the average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage rate during the year still remained higher than

the interest rates of most outstanding single-family loans, resulting in low refinance volumes. In addition, housing

affordability constraints and limited supply continued to put downward pressure on the volume of purchase loans we

acquired.

Average charged guaranty fee on newly acquired conventional single-family loans is a metric management uses to

measure the amount we earn as compensation for the credit risk we manage and to assess our return. Average

charged guaranty fee represents, on an annualized basis, the average of the base guaranty fees charged during the

period for our single-family conventional guaranty arrangements, which we receive monthly over the life of the loan, plus

the recognition of any upfront cash payments, including loan-level price adjustments, based on an estimated average

life at the time of acquisition. The calculation of single-family conventional charged guaranty fees at acquisition is

sensitive to changes in inputs used in the calculation, including assumptions about the weighted average life of the loan,

therefore changes in charged guaranty fees are not necessarily indicative of a change in pricing.

Our average charged guaranty fee on newly acquired conventional single-family loans, net of TCCA fees, increased in

2024 compared with 2023 and 2022, primarily as a result of higher base guaranty fees charged on new acquisitions.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 80

MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management

Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management

Our strategy for managing single-family mortgage credit risk consists of four primary components, which we discuss in

greater detail in the sections below:

•our acquisition and servicing policies along with our underwriting and servicing standards;

•guaranty book diversification and monitoring;

•the transfer of credit risk through risk transfer transactions and the use of credit enhancements; and

•management of problem loans.

We typically obtain our single-family credit information from the lenders or servicers of the mortgage loans in our

guaranty book of business and receive representations and warranties from them as to the accuracy of the information.

While we perform various quality assurance checks by sampling loans to assess compliance with our underwriting and

eligibility criteria, we do not independently verify all reported information and we rely on lender representations and

warranties regarding the accuracy of the characteristics of loans in our guaranty book of business. See “Risk Factors”

for a discussion of risks relating to mortgage fraud as a result of this reliance on lender representations and warranties.

Single-Family Acquisition and Servicing Policies and Underwriting and Servicing

Standards

Overview

Our Single-Family business is responsible for setting underwriting and servicing standards and pricing, and managing

credit risk relating to our single-family guaranty book of business.

Underwriting and Servicing Standards

The Fannie Mae Single-Family Selling Guide (“Selling Guide”) sets forth our underwriting and eligibility guidelines, as

well as our policies and procedures related to selling single-family mortgages to us. Our Servicing Guide sets forth our

policies for servicing the loans in our single-family guaranty book.

Desktop Underwriter

Our proprietary automated underwriting system, Desktop Underwriter® (DU®), is used by mortgage lenders to evaluate

the substantial majority of our single-family loan acquisitions. DU measures credit risk by assessing the primary and

contributory risk factors of a mortgage and provides a comprehensive risk assessment of a borrower’s loan application

and eligibility of the loan for sale to us. Risk factors evaluated by DU include the key loan attributes described under

“Single-Family Guaranty Book Diversification and Monitoring” below. DU applies our own assessment of the borrower’s

credit data, including using trended credit data when available. DU analyzes the results of this risk and eligibility

evaluation to arrive at the underwriting recommendation for the loan casefile. As part of our comprehensive risk

management approach, we periodically update DU to reflect changes to our underwriting and eligibility guidelines. As

part of normal business operations, we regularly review DU to determine whether its risk analysis and eligibility

assessment are appropriate based on the current market environment and loan performance information. We also

regularly review DU’s underlying risk assessment models and recalibrate these models to improve DU’s ability to

effectively analyze risk and avoid excessive risk layering. Factors we take into account in these evaluations include the

profile of loans delivered to us, loan performance and current market conditions.

Consistent with this risk management approach, in March 2024, we implemented updates to DU to allow lenders to use

a single 12-month asset verification report in the DU validation service to identify recurring deposits in the applicant’s

digital bank statement data to automatically validate income and employment, as well as assets, in one step. The same

report also can be used to identify and consider the applicant’s positive rent payment and cash flow history.

In January 2025, we implemented updates to DU that included: updates to the DU risk assessment and risk factors

evaluated by DU; and enhancements in support of increasing access to credit for potential borrowers such as those with

limited or no credit histories or borrowers that could benefit from DU’s positive rent payment history and cash flow

assessment capabilities. We will continue to closely monitor loan acquisitions and market conditions and, as

appropriate, make changes to DU, including its eligibility criteria, so that the loans we acquire are consistent with our

risk appetite and mission.

Other Underwriting Standards

DU was used to evaluate approximately 90% of the single-family loans we acquired in 2024. We also purchase and

securitize mortgage loans that have been underwritten using other automated underwriting systems, as well as

manually underwritten mortgage loans that meet our stated underwriting requirements or meet agreed-upon standards

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 81

MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management

that differ from our standard underwriting and eligibility criteria. The majority of loans we acquired in 2024 that were not

underwritten with DU were underwritten through a third-party automated underwriting system, such as Freddie Mac’s

Loan Product Advisor®.

Servicing Policies

Our servicing policies establish the requirements our servicers must follow in:

•processing and remitting loan payments;

•working with delinquent borrowers on loss mitigation activities;

•managing and protecting Fannie Mae’s interest in the pledged property; and

•processing bankruptcies and foreclosures.

Our goal is to ensure that our policies support credit risk management over the life of the mortgage loan by enabling

early delinquency outreach by servicers, promoting loss mitigation in the event of default and providing for the

preservation and protection of the collateral supporting the mortgage loan. See “Single-Family Primary Business

Activities—Single-Family Mortgage Servicing” above for more information on the servicing of our single-family mortgage

loans.

New Credit Score Models and Change to Credit Report Requirement

Fannie Mae uses credit scores to establish a minimum credit threshold for mortgage lending, provide a foundation for

risk-based pricing, and support disclosures to investors. We currently use the “classic FICO® Score” from Fair Isaac

Corporation as our credit score model, which FHFA has approved.

In October 2022, FHFA announced the validation and approval of two new credit score models for use by Fannie Mae

and Freddie Mac: the FICO® Score 10 T credit score model and the VantageScore 4.0 credit score model. Once

implemented, lenders will be required to deliver both FICO Score 10 T and VantageScore 4.0 credit scores with each

loan sold to us when available, replacing the classic FICO Score model.

FHFA also announced in October 2022 that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will work toward changing the requirement

that lenders provide credit reports from all three nationwide consumer reporting agencies. Instead, we will require

lenders to provide credit reports from at least two of the three nationwide consumer reporting agencies (referred to as

the new bi-merge credit reporting requirements).

In response to industry feedback and to better support market participants with this transition, in January 2025, FHFA,

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac revised the implementation date for these requirements from the fourth quarter of 2025 to

a to-be-determined date.

Quality Control Process

Our quality control process includes using automated tools to help us determine whether a loan meets our underwriting

and eligibility guidelines, performing in-depth reviews, and selecting random samples of performing loans for quality

control review shortly after delivery.

Repurchase Requests and Representation and Warranty Framework

If we determine that a mortgage loan did not meet our Selling Guide requirements, then our mortgage sellers and/or

servicers are obligated to repurchase the loan, reimburse us for our losses or provide other remedies, unless the loan is

eligible for relief under our representation and warranty framework. We refer to our demands that mortgage sellers and

servicers meet these obligations as repurchase requests.

Under our representation and warranty framework, lenders can obtain relief from repurchase liability for violations of

certain underwriting representations and warranties. Loans with 36 months of consecutive monthly payments and

minimal delinquencies over a specified time period or with satisfactory conclusion of a full-file quality control review are

eligible for relief. However, no relief may be granted for violations of “life of loan” representations and warranties, such

as those relating to whether a loan was originated in compliance with applicable laws or conforms to our charter

requirements. As of December 31, 2024, 73% of the outstanding loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book

of business that were acquired and are subject to this framework have obtained relief based solely on payment history

or the satisfactory conclusion of a full-file quality control review, and an additional 25% remain eligible for relief in the

future.

In addition, lenders may obtain relief from liability for violations of a more narrow set of representations and warranties

through the use of specified underwriting tools. This primarily includes relief for:

•borrower income, asset and employment data that has been validated through DU; and

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 82

MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management

•appraised property value for appraisals that have received a qualifying risk score in Collateral Underwriter®, our

appraisal review tool.

The table below shows information about issued and outstanding repurchase requests on single-family loans.

Issued and Outstanding Repurchase Requests
	2024	2023
	(Dollars in billions)
Total loans delivered for the applicable twelve-month period(1)	$307.4	$407.5
Repurchase requests issued as of year end on loans delivered during the applicable twelve-month period(2)	0.43%	0.57%
	As of December 31,
	2024	2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Outstanding Repurchase Requests:
Unpaid principal balance of outstanding repurchase requests(3)	$220	$437
As a percentage of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business	0.01%	0.01%
Percentage of outstanding repurchase requests over 180 days outstanding	3%	3%

(1)The applicable twelve-month period for 2024 is May 1, 2023 through April 30, 2024 and for 2023 is May 1, 2022 through April 30, 2023. For

2024, this represents the most recent twelve-month period as of December 31, 2024 for which we have issued substantially all repurchase

demands. The 2023 period is presented on the same basis for comparability with the 2024 period.

(2)Represents repurchase requests issued as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, on loans delivered to us during the applicable twelve-month

periods referenced in the prior footnote.

(3)The dollar amounts of our outstanding repurchase requests are based on the unpaid principal balance of the loans underlying the

repurchase request, which often differs from the amount collected or reimbursed from mortgage sellers and/or servicers depending on the

type of remedy agreed upon.

Single-Family Guaranty Book Diversification and Monitoring

Overview

The composition of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business is diversified by product type, loan

characteristics and geography, all of which influence credit quality and performance and may reduce our credit risk. We

monitor various loan attributes, in conjunction with housing market and economic conditions, to determine if our pricing,

eligibility and underwriting criteria are appropriately calibrated to ensure the risk associated with loans we acquire fits

within our corporate risk appetite and meets our other mission and return objectives. In some cases, we may decide to

significantly reduce our participation in riskier loan product categories. We also review the payment performance of

loans in order to help identify potential problem loans early in the delinquency cycle and to guide the development of our

loss mitigation strategies.

The profile of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business includes the following key risk characteristics:

•LTV ratio. LTV ratio is a strong predictor of credit performance. Lower LTV ratios are generally associated with

a reduced likelihood of default and lower loss severity in the event of default. This relationship also applies to

estimated mark-to-market LTV ratios. An LTV ratio above 100% indicates that the borrower's mortgage balance

is greater than the property's current market value, which increases the risk of default and potential loss

severity.

•Product type. Certain loan product types have features that may result in increased risk. Generally,

intermediate-term, fixed-rate mortgages exhibit the lowest default rates, followed by long-term, fixed-rate

mortgages. Historically, adjustable-rate mortgages (“ARMs”), including negative-amortizing and interest-only

loans, and balloon/reset mortgages have exhibited higher default rates than fixed-rate mortgages, partly

because the borrower’s payments rose, within limits, as interest rates changed.

•Number of units. Mortgages on one-unit properties tend to have lower credit risk than mortgages on two-, three-

or four-unit properties.

•Property type. Certain property types have a higher risk of default. For example, condominiums tend to have

higher credit risk than single-family detached properties.

•Occupancy type. Mortgages on properties occupied by the borrower as a primary or secondary residence tend

to have lower credit risk than mortgages on investment properties.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 83

MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management

•Credit score. Credit score is a measure often used by the financial services industry, including us, to assess

borrower credit quality and the likelihood that a borrower will repay future obligations as expected. A higher

credit score typically indicates lower credit risk.

•DTI ratio. DTI ratio refers to the ratio of a borrower’s outstanding debt obligations (including both mortgage debt

and certain other long-term and significant short-term debts) to that borrower’s reported or calculated monthly

income, to the extent the income is used to qualify for the mortgage. As a borrower’s DTI ratio increases, the

associated risk of default on the loan generally increases, especially if other higher-risk factors are present.

From time to time, we revise our guidelines for determining a borrower’s DTI ratio. The amount of income

reported by a borrower and used to qualify for a mortgage may not represent the borrower’s total income;

therefore, the DTI ratios we report may be higher than borrowers’ actual DTI ratios.

•Loan purpose. Loan purpose refers to how the borrower intends to use the funds from a mortgage loan—either

for a home purchase or refinancing of an existing mortgage. Cash-out refinancings have a higher risk of default

than either mortgage loans used for the purchase of a property or other refinancings that restrict the amount of

cash returned to the borrower.

•Geographic concentration. Local economic conditions affect borrowers’ ability to repay loans and the value of

collateral underlying loans. Geographic diversification reduces mortgage credit risk.

•Loan age. We monitor year of origination and loan age, which is defined as the number of years since

origination. The risk of default on mortgage loans typically does not peak until the third through fifth year

following origination; however, this range can vary based on many factors, including changes in

macroeconomic conditions and foreclosure timelines.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 84

MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management

The following table displays our single-family conventional business volumes and our single-family conventional

guaranty book of business, based on certain key risk characteristics that we use to evaluate the risk profile and credit

quality of our single-family loans.

We provide additional information on the credit characteristics of our single-family loans in quarterly financial

supplements, which we furnish to the SEC with current reports on Form 8-K and make available on our website.

Information in our quarterly financial supplements is not incorporated by reference into this report.

Key Risk Characteristics of Single-Family Conventional Business Volume and Guaranty Book of Business(1)
	Percent of Single-Family Conventional Business Volume at Acquisition(2) For the Year Ended December 31,						Percent of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business(3) As of December 31,
	2024		2023		2022		2024		2023		2022
Original LTV ratio:(4)
<= 60%	17	%	16	%	22	%	24	%	25	%	26	%
60.01% to 70%	11		10		13		14		14		15
70.01% to 80%	33		34		33		34		33		33
80.01% to 90%	15		16		12		11		11		10
90.01% to 95%	17		18		15		12		12		11
95.01% to 100%	7		6		5		4		4		4
Greater than 100%	—		—		—		1		1		1
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Weighted average	77	%	78	%	75	%	73	%	73	%	72	%
Average loan amount	$331,950		$321,205		$301,887		$209,326		$207,883		$206,049
Loan count (in thousands)	982		984		2,037		17,281		17,494		17,643
Estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio:(5)
<= 60%							69	%	68	%	66	%
60.01% to 70%							12		14		16
70.01% to 80%							10		10		10
80.01% to 90%							6		5		5
90.01% to 100%							3		3		3
Greater than 100%							*		*		*
Total							100	%	100	%	100	%
Weighted average							50	%	51	%	52	%
FICO credit score at origination:(6)
< 620	*	%	*	%	*	%	*	%	*	%	1	%
620 to < 660	2		3		4		3		4		4
660 to < 680	3		3		4		4		4		4
680 to < 700	5		5		8		6		6		6
700 to < 740	18		20		22		20		20		19
>= 740	72		69		62		67		66		66
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Weighted average	758		755		747		753		753		752
DTI ratio at origination:(7)
<= 43%	64	%	64	%	68	%	74	%	75	%	75	%
43.01% to 45%	10		10		10		9		9		9
Greater than 45%	26		26		22		17		16		16
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Weighted average	38	%	38	%	37	%	35	%	35	%	35	%

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 85

MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management

	Percent of Single-Family Conventional Business Volume at Acquisition(2) For the Year Ended December 31,						Percent of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business(3) As of December 31,
	2024		2023		2022		2024		2023		2022
Product type:
Fixed-rate:(8)
Long-term	96	%	96	%	90	%	89	%	87	%	86	%
Intermediate-term	3		3		9		10		12		13
Total fixed-rate	99		99		99		99		99		99
Adjustable-rate	1		1		1		1		1		1
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Number of property units:
1 unit	97	%	98	%	98	%	97	%	98	%	98	%
2-4 units	3		2		2		3		2		2
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Property type:
Single-family homes	91	%	91	%	91	%	91	%	91	%	91	%
Condo/Co-op	9		9		9		9		9		9
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Occupancy type:
Primary residence	93	%	92	%	91	%	91	%	91	%	91	%
Second/vacation home	2		2		3		3		3		3
Investor	5		6		6		6		6		6
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Loan purpose:
Purchase	83	%	86	%	62	%	48	%	45	%	40	%
Cash-out refinance	9		10		25		19		20		22
Other refinance	8		4		13		33		35		38
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Geographic concentration:(9)
Midwest	16	%	14	%	13	%	14	%	14	%	14	%
Northeast	15		13		13		16		16		16
Southeast	26		28		26		23		23		23
Southwest	22		24		23		19		19		19
West	21		21		25		28		28		28
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Origination year:
2018 and prior							18	%	21	%	24	%
2019							4		4		5
2020							22		24		25
2021							28		30		32
2022							13		13		14
2023							7		8		—
2024							8		—		—
Total							100	%	100	%	100	%

*Represents less than 0.5% of single-family conventional business volume or guaranty book of business.

(1)Second-lien mortgage loans held by third parties are not reflected in the original LTV or the estimated mark-to-market LTV ratios in this

table.

(2)Calculated based on the unpaid principal balance of single-family loans for each category at time of acquisition.

(3)Calculated based on the aggregate unpaid principal balance of single-family loans for each category divided by the aggregate unpaid

principal balance of loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business as of the end of each period.

(4)The original LTV ratio generally is based on the original unpaid principal balance of the loan divided by the appraised property value

reported to us at the time of acquisition of the loan. Excludes loans for which this information is not readily available.

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(5)The aggregate estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio is based on the unpaid principal balance of the loan as of the end of each reported

period divided by the estimated current value of the property, which we calculate using an internal valuation model that estimates periodic

changes in home value. Excludes loans for which this information is not readily available.

(6)Loans with unavailable FICO credit scores represent less than 0.5% of single-family conventional business volume or guaranty book of

business, and therefore are not presented separately in this table.

(7)Excludes loans for which this information is not readily available.

(8)Long-term fixed-rate consists of mortgage loans with maturities greater than 15 years, while intermediate-term fixed-rate loans have

maturities equal to or less than 15 years.

(9)Midwest consists of IL, IN, IA, MI, MN, NE, ND, OH, SD and WI. Northeast consists of CT, DE, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, PR, RI, VT and

VI. Southeast consists of AL, DC, FL, GA, KY, MD, MS, NC, SC, TN, VA and WV. Southwest consists of AZ, AR, CO, KS, LA, MO, NM, OK,

TX and UT. West consists of AK, CA, GU, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, WA and WY.

Characteristics of our New Single-Family Loan Acquisitions

Refinancing activity was slightly higher in 2024 compared to 2023 as interest rates declined in the third quarter of 2024,

resulting in a modest increase in the number of borrowers who could benefit from refinancing. Accordingly, the share of

our single-family loan acquisitions consisting of refinance loans (versus home purchase loans) increased to 17% in

2024 compared with 14% in 2023. Typically, refinance loans have lower LTV ratios than home purchase loans. This

trend contributed to a minor decrease in the percentage of our single-family loan acquisitions with LTV ratios over 80%,

from 40% in 2023 to 39% in 2024. In addition, our acquisitions of loans from first-time home buyers remained flat at

41% of our single-family loan acquisitions in 2024 compared to 2023.

The credit profile of our future acquisitions will depend on many factors, including:

•our future guaranty fee pricing and our competitors’ pricing, and any impact of that pricing on the volume and

mix of loans we acquire;

•our internal risk limits;

•our future eligibility standards and those of mortgage insurers, FHA and VA;

•the percentage of loan originations representing refinancings;

•changes in interest rates;

•our future objectives and activities in support of those objectives, including actions we may take to reach

additional underserved creditworthy borrowers;

•government and regulatory policy;

•market and competitive conditions; and

•our capital requirements.

We expect the ultimate performance of our loans will be affected by borrower behavior, public policy and

macroeconomic trends, including unemployment, the economy and home prices.

High-Balance Loans

The standard conforming loan limit for a one-unit property was $726,200 for 2023, $766,550 for 2024 and increased to

$806,500 for 2025. As we discuss in “Business—Legislation and Regulation—Our Charter,” we are permitted to acquire

loans with higher balances in certain areas, which we refer to as high-balance loans.

The following table displays the amount of high-balance loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of

business.

Single-Family High-Balance Loans
	As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Unpaid principal balance (in billions)	$225.9		$233.3
Percentage of single-family conventional guaranty book of business	6	%	6	%

Adjustable-Rate Mortgages

ARMs are mortgage loans with an interest rate that adjusts periodically over the life of the mortgage based on changes

in a specified index. The table below displays the unpaid principal balance for ARMs in our single-family conventional

guaranty book of business by the year of their next scheduled contractual reset date. The contractual reset is either an

adjustment to the loan’s interest rate or a scheduled change to the loan’s monthly payment to begin to reflect the

payment of principal. The timing of the actual reset dates may differ from those presented due to a number of factors,

including refinancing or exercising of other provisions within the terms of the mortgage.

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Single-Family Adjustable-Rate Mortgages(1)
	Reset Year
	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	Thereafter	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
ARMs(2)	$9,760	$1,260	$2,328	$3,139	$3,369	$7,787	$27,643

(1)Excludes loans for which there is not an additional reset for the remaining life of the loan.

(2)Includes $2.3 billion of interest-only and negative-amortizing loans. We have not acquired interest-only loans since 2014, and we have not

acquired negative-amortizing loans since 2007.

Single-Family Credit Enhancement and Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk

Overview

One of the key components of our credit risk management strategy is the transfer of mortgage credit risk to third parties.

The table below displays information about the loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business

covered by one or more forms of credit enhancement, including mortgage insurance or a credit risk transfer transaction.

Single-Family Loans with Credit Enhancement
	As of December 31,
	2024			2023
		Unpaid Principal Balance	Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business	Unpaid Principal Balance	Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business
	(Dollars in billions)
Primary mortgage insurance		$761	21%	$763	21%
Connecticut Avenue Securities		850	23	843	24
Credit Insurance Risk Transfer		419	12	399	11
Other		45	1	52	1
Less: Loans covered by multiple credit enhancements		(408)	(11)	(411)	(12)
Total single-family loans with credit enhancement		$1,667	46%	$1,646	45%

The table above presents the unpaid principal balance and percentage of our single-family conventional guaranty book

of business that is covered by the referenced credit enhancements, but does not present the risk in force of such credit

enhancements. “Risk in force” refers to the maximum potential loss recovery under the applicable credit enhancement

transaction. The risk in force of our back-end credit risk transfer transactions, which refers to the maximum amount of

losses that could be absorbed by credit risk transfer investors, was approximately $43 billion as of December 31, 2024,

compared with approximately $42 billion as of December 31, 2023. Our back-end credit risk transfer transactions

consist of our Connecticut Avenue Securities, Credit Insurance Risk Transfer, and other transactions. For information on

our risk-in-force primary mortgage insurance coverage, see “Risk Management—Institutional Counterparty Credit Risk

Management—Mortgage Insurers.”

Mortgage Insurance

Our charter generally requires credit enhancement on any single-family conventional mortgage loan that we purchase or

securitize if it has an LTV ratio over 80% at the time of acquisition. We generally achieve this through primary mortgage

insurance. Primary mortgage insurance transfers varying portions of the credit risk associated with a mortgage loan to a

third-party insurer. For us to receive a payment in settlement of a claim under a primary mortgage insurance policy, the

insured loan must be in default and the borrower’s interest in the property securing the loan must have been

extinguished, generally in a foreclosure action, short sale or a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. Claims are generally paid

three to six months after title to the property has been transferred.

Our approved monoline mortgage insurers’ financial ability and willingness to pay claims is an important determinant of

our overall credit risk exposure. For a discussion of our exposure to and management of the counterparty credit risk

associated with mortgage insurers, see “Risk Management—Institutional Counterparty Credit Risk Management—

Mortgage Insurers” and “Note 14, Concentrations of Credit Risk.”

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Credit Risk Transfer Transactions

Our Single-Family business has developed other risk-sharing capabilities to transfer portions of our single-family

mortgage credit risk to the private market. These credit risk transfer transactions are described in the table below. Our

credit risk transfer transactions are designed to transfer a portion of the losses we expect would be incurred in an

economic downturn or a stressed credit environment. While these transactions are expected to mitigate some of our

potential future credit losses (generally net of any proceeds received from front-end credit enhancements, such as

primary mortgage insurance), they are not designed to shield us from all losses. We retain a portion of the future credit

losses on all loans covered by CAS and CIRT transactions, including all or a portion of the first loss positions in most

transactions. Because our credit risk transfer transactions reduce our credit risk, they also affect our capital

requirements and our returns on capital.

We have designed our credit risk transfer transactions so that the principal payment and loss performance of the

transactions correspond to the performance of the loans in the underlying reference pools. Generally, loss

reimbursement payments are received after the underlying property has been liquidated and all applicable proceeds,

including private mortgage insurance benefits, have been applied to reduce the loss.

In 2024, we transferred a portion of the mortgage credit risk on single-family mortgage loans with an unpaid principal

balance of $186.3 billion at the time of the transactions. When engaging in these transactions, we consider their cost,

the resulting capital relief provided by the transactions, and the overall credit risk transfer capacity of the market. The

cost of our credit risk transfer transactions is impacted by macroeconomic and housing market sentiment, as well as the

demand and capacity of the investors and reinsurers that support these transactions. When structuring our credit risk

transfer transactions, we may choose to adjust the amount of first loss retained by Fannie Mae in these transactions as

a way to manage costs or market capacity, or as a way to adjust the amount of capital relief we are targeting for the

transaction. Changes in our capital requirements, including the capital relief assigned for credit risk transfer

transactions, could cause us to modify our credit risk transfer activities.

We provide a portion of the guaranty fee to investors in our credit risk transfer transactions as compensation for their

taking on a share of the credit risk of the related loans. We record the substantial majority of expenses related to our

credit risk transfer transactions in “Credit enhancement expense” within our consolidated statements of operations and

comprehensive income.

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Principal Categories of Our Single-Family Credit Risk Transfer Transactions

	Transaction Description	Other Key Characteristics
CAS REMIC®	•We transfer to investors a portion of the mortgage credit risk associated with losses on a reference pool of mortgage loans. •We create a reference pool consisting of recently acquired single-family mortgage loans included in our guaranty book of business and create a hypothetical securitization structure with notional credit risk positions, or tranches (that is, first loss, mezzanine and senior). •  We recognize the cost of credit protection in “Credit enhancement expense” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. •  We recognize the expected benefits from the credit protection in “Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. •  CAS REMIC transactions align the timing of our recognition of credit losses with the related recovery from the CAS REMIC. We record the expected benefit and the loss in the same period.	•The principal balance of the CAS REMIC decreases as a result of credit losses on loans in the related reference pool. These write downs of the principal balance reduce the total amount of payments that the CAS trust is obligated to make to investors. •Credit losses on the loans in the reference pool for a CAS transaction are first applied to the first loss tranche. If credit losses on these loans exceed the outstanding principal balance of the first loss tranche, losses are then applied to reduce the outstanding principal balance of the mezzanine loss tranche. •Transactions beginning with our October 2021 issuances were issued with a 20-year final maturity date and an optional early redemption of 5 years, or the date at which the outstanding balance of the underlying reference loans is less than or equal to 10% of the original balance. •  After maturity or early redemption, if exercised, the CAS REMIC provides no further credit protection with respect to the reference loans that were previously underlying that CAS REMIC transaction. •Presents minimal counterparty credit risk as the CAS trust receives the proceeds that will reimburse us for certain credit events on the related loans upon the issuance of the CAS REMIC.
CIRT	•  Insurance transactions whereby we obtain actual loss coverage on pools of loans either directly from an insurance provider that retains the risk, or from an insurance provider that simultaneously cedes all of its risk to one or more reinsurers. •  In CIRT deals, we generally retain an initial portion of losses on the loans in the pool (for example, the first 0.75% of the initial pool unpaid principal balance). Reinsurers cover losses above this retention amount up to a detachment point (for example, the next 4.0% of the initial pool unpaid principal balance). We retain all losses above this detachment point. The initial portion of losses we retain and the detachment points vary in CIRT transactions—the percentages provided above are only examples. •  We make premium payments on CIRT deals that we recognize in “Credit enhancement expense” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.	•  The insurance layer typically provides coverage for losses on the pool that are likely to occur only in a stressed economic environment. •  Insurance benefits are received after the underlying property has been liquidated and all applicable proceeds, including private mortgage insurance benefits, have been applied to the loss. •  To date, CIRT transactions generally have been structured with 10, 12-1/2, or 18-year terms, and covered loans that are delinquent as of the final scheduled month continue to be covered until and unless they eventually cure. The transaction term may vary based upon market execution and the capital benefit. •  Presents counterparty credit risk. A portion of the insurers’ or reinsurers’ obligations is collateralized with highly-rated liquid assets held in a trust account initially determined according to the ratings of such insurer or reinsurer. Contractual provisions require additional collateral to be posted in the event of adverse developments with the counterparty, such as a ratings downgrade. For additional discussion of our exposure to and management of counterparty credit risk associated with CIRT transactions, see “Risk Management—Institutional Counterparty Credit Risk Management—Reinsurers.”
CAS Debt	CAS debt transactions are similar to CAS REMIC transactions, with some key differences: •  CAS debt is recognized as “debt of Fannie Mae” in our consolidated balance sheets. CAS debt issued to investors beginning January 2016 through October 2018 is recognized at amortized cost. CAS debt we issued prior to 2016 is recognized at fair value. •We stopped issuing this form of CAS in October 2018.	•  Generally issued with a stated final maturity date of either 10 or 12.5 years from issuance. •  Significant lag exists between the time when we recognize a provision for credit losses and when we recognize the related recovery from the CAS debt transaction.

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The following table displays information about the single-family credit enhancement recovery receivables we have

recognized within “Other assets” in our consolidated balance sheets. The decrease in our single-family freestanding

credit enhancement receivables as of December 31, 2024 compared with December 31, 2023, was primarily a result of

a decrease in our estimate of single-family credit losses in 2024. As our estimate for credit losses decreases, so does

the benefit we expect to receive from our freestanding credit enhancements.

Single-Family Credit Enhancement Receivables
	As of December 31,
	2024	2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Freestanding credit enhancement receivables	$117	$253
Primary mortgage insurance receivables, net of allowance(1)	69	54

(1)Amount is net of a valuation allowance of $403 million and $417 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The vast majority of this valuation allowance related to deferred payment obligations associated with unpaid claim amounts for which

collectability is uncertain.

The following table displays the primary characteristics of the loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of

business without credit enhancement.

Single-Family Loans Currently without Credit Enhancement
	As of December 31,
	2024		2023
	Unpaid Principal Balance	Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business	Unpaid Principal Balance	Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business
	(Dollars in billions)
Low LTV ratio or short-term(1)	$1,049	29%	$1,112	31%
Pre-credit risk transfer program inception(2)	209	6	236	6
Recently acquired(3)	186	5	180	5
Other(4)	764	21	730	20
Less: Loans in multiple categories	(258)	(7)	(267)	(7)
Total single-family loans currently without credit enhancement	$1,950	54%	$1,991	55%

(1)Represents loans with an LTV ratio less than or equal to 60% or loans with an original maturity of 20 years or less.

(2)Represents loans that were acquired before the inception of our credit risk transfer programs. Also includes Refi PlusTM loans.

(3)Represents loans that were recently acquired and have not been included in a reference pool.

(4)Includes adjustable-rate mortgage loans, loans with a combined LTV ratio greater than 97%, non-Refi Plus loans acquired after the

inception of our credit risk transfer programs that became 30 or more days delinquent prior to inclusion in a credit risk transfer transaction,

and loans that were delinquent as of December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. Also includes loans that were previously included in a

credit risk transfer transaction but subsequently had the coverage canceled or the covered term of the transaction ended.

Single-Family Problem Loan Management

Overview

Our problem loan management strategies focus primarily on reducing defaults to avoid losses that would otherwise

occur and pursuing foreclosure alternatives to mitigate the severity of the losses we incur. If a borrower does not make

required payments, or is in jeopardy of not making payments, we work with the loan servicer to offer workout solutions

to minimize the likelihood of foreclosure as well as the severity of loss. When appropriate, we seek to move to

foreclosure expeditiously.

Below we describe the following:

•delinquency statistics on our problem loans;

•efforts undertaken to manage our problem loans, including the role of servicers in loss mitigation, forbearance

plans, loan workouts, and sales of nonperforming and reperforming loans;

•metrics regarding our loan workout activities;

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•REO management; and

•other single-family credit-related information, including our credit loss performance and credit loss

concentration metrics.

We also provide ongoing credit performance information on loans underlying single-family Fannie Mae MBS and loans

covered by single-family credit risk transfer transactions. For loans backing Fannie Mae MBS, see the “Forbearance

and Delinquency Dashboard” available in the MBS section of our Data Dynamics® tool, which is available at

www.fanniemae.com/datadynamics. For loans covered by credit risk transfer transactions, see the “Deal Performance

Data” report available in the CAS and CIRT sections of the tool. Information on our website is not incorporated into this

report. Information in Data Dynamics may differ from similar measures presented in our financial statements and other

public disclosures for a variety of reasons, including as a result of variations in the loan population covered, timing

differences in reporting and other factors.

Delinquency

The tables below display the delinquency status of loans and changes in the volume of seriously delinquent loans in our

single-family conventional guaranty book of business based on the number of loans. Single-family seriously delinquent

loans are loans that are 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process. Our single-family serious delinquency

rate is expressed as a percentage of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business based on loan count.

Management monitors the single-family serious delinquency rate as an indicator of potential future credit losses and

loss mitigation activities. Serious delinquency rates are reflective of our performance in assessing and managing credit

risk associated with single-family loans in our guaranty book of business. Typically, higher serious delinquency rates

result in a higher allowance for loan losses.

Delinquency Status and Activity of Single-Family Conventional Loans
	As of December 31,
	2024	2023	2022
Delinquency status:
30 to 59 days delinquent	1.05%	1.06%	0.96%
60 to 89 days delinquent	0.29	0.26	0.23
Seriously delinquent (“SDQ”):	0.56	0.55	0.65
Percentage of SDQ loans that have been delinquent for more than 180 days	41	47	55
Percentage of SDQ loans that have been delinquent for more than two years	5	10	16

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2022
Single-family SDQ loans (number of loans):
Beginning balance	96,479	114,960	218,329
Additions	182,083	169,197	171,437
Removals:
Modifications and other loan workouts	(76,336)	(77,478)	(164,707)
Liquidations and sales	(29,967)	(31,439)	(46,476)
Cured or less than 90 days delinquent	(75,130)	(78,761)	(63,623)
Total removals	(181,433)	(187,678)	(274,806)
Ending balance	97,129	96,479	114,960

Our single-family serious delinquency rate as of December 31, 2024 remained near historically low levels. Our single-

family serious delinquency rate increased slightly by 1 basis point as of year-end 2024 compared with as of year-end

2023 driven by increased delinquencies in areas affected by hurricanes. Given our expectation of slower economic and

home price growth in 2025 and 2026, the credit performance of the loans in our single-family guaranty book of business

may decline compared to recent performance, which could lead to higher delinquencies or an increase in our single-

family serious delinquency rate.

Factors that affect our single-family serious delinquency rate include:

•the percentage of our loans that receive forbearance and the length of time they remain in forbearance;

•the pace and effectiveness of payment deferrals, loan modifications and other workouts;

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•the timing and volume of nonperforming loan sales we execute;

•pandemics and natural disasters;

•servicer performance; and

•changes in home prices, unemployment levels and other macroeconomic conditions.

The table below displays the serious delinquency rates for, and the percentage of our seriously delinquent single-family

conventional loans represented by, the specified loan categories. Percentage of book amounts represent the unpaid

principal balance of loans for each category divided by the unpaid principal balance of our total single-family

conventional guaranty book of business. The reported categories are not mutually exclusive.

Single-Family Conventional Seriously Delinquent Loan Concentration Analysis
	As of December 31,
	2024			2023			2022
	Percentage of Book Outstanding	Percentage of Seriously Delinquent Loans(1)	Serious Delinquency Rate	Percentage of Book Outstanding	Percentage of Seriously Delinquent Loans(1)	Serious Delinquency Rate	Percentage of Book Outstanding	Percentage of Seriously Delinquent Loans(1)	Serious Delinquency Rate
States:
California	19%	9%	0.41%	19%	10%	0.42%	19%	9%	0.46%
Florida	6	11	0.96	6	9	0.73	6	9	0.90
Illinois	3	5	0.69	3	5	0.70	3	5	0.86
New York	4	6	0.79	5	6	0.92	5	7	1.12
Texas	8	10	0.73	7	9	0.64	7	8	0.71
All other states	60	59	0.51	60	61	0.52	60	62	0.62
Estimated mark-to- market LTV ratio:
<= 60%	69	67	0.47	68	69	0.49	66	74	0.63
60.01% to 70%	12	14	0.94	14	15	0.80	16	14	0.77
70.01% to 80%	10	10	0.85	10	9	0.77	10	8	0.69
80.01% to 90%	6	6	0.97	5	5	0.81	5	3	0.68
90.01% to 100%	3	3	0.77	3	2	0.59	3	1	0.40
Greater than 100%	*	*	2.82	*	*	2.05	*	*	4.04
Credit enhanced:(2)
Primary MI & other(3)	21	34	1.17	21	33	1.08	21	31	1.19
Credit risk transfer(4)	36	32	0.61	36	30	0.54	31	28	0.66
Non-credit enhanced	54	49	0.44	55	52	0.46	58	54	0.55

*Represents less than 0.5% of single-family conventional guaranty book of business.

(1)Calculated based on the number of single-family loans that were seriously delinquent for each category divided by the total number of

single-family conventional loans that were seriously delinquent.

(2)The credit-enhanced categories are not mutually exclusive. A loan with primary mortgage insurance that is also covered by a credit risk

transfer transaction will be included in both the “Primary MI & other” category and the “Credit risk transfer” category. As a result, the “Credit

enhanced” and “Non-credit enhanced” categories do not sum to 100%. The total percentage of our single-family conventional guaranty

book of business with some form of credit enhancement as of December 31, 2024 was 46%.

(3)Refers to loans included in an agreement used to reduce credit risk by requiring primary mortgage insurance, collateral, letters of credit,

corporate guarantees, or other agreements to provide an entity with some assurance that it will be compensated to some degree in the

event of a financial loss. Excludes loans covered by credit risk transfer transactions unless such loans are also covered by primary

mortgage insurance.

(4)Refers to loans included in reference pools for credit risk transfer transactions, including loans in these transactions that are also covered

by primary mortgage insurance. For CAS and some lender risk-sharing transactions, this represents the outstanding unpaid principal

balance of the underlying loans on the single-family mortgage credit book, not the outstanding reference pool, as of the specified date.

Loans included in our credit risk transfer transactions have all been acquired since 2009.

Forbearance Plans and Loan Workouts

As a part of our credit risk management efforts, we offer several types of loss mitigation options to help homeowners

stay in their home or to otherwise avoid foreclosure. Loss mitigation options can consist of a forbearance plan or a loan

workout. Our loan workouts reflect additional types of home retention solutions that help reinstate loans to current

status, including repayment plans, payment deferrals, and loan modifications. Our loan workouts also include

foreclosure alternatives, such as short sales and deeds in-lieu of foreclosure.

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As of December 31, 2024, the unpaid principal balance of single-family loans in forbearance was $8.0 billion, or 0.2% of

our single-family conventional guaranty book of business, compared with $6.9 billion, or 0.2% of our single-family

conventional guaranty book of business, as of December 31, 2023.

We work with our servicers to implement our home retention solution and foreclosure alternative initiatives, and we

emphasize the importance of early contact with borrowers and early entry into a home retention solution. We require

that servicers first evaluate borrowers for eligibility under a workout option before considering foreclosure. The existence

of a second lien may limit our ability to provide borrowers with loan workout options, particularly those that are part of

our foreclosure prevention efforts; however, we are not required to contact a second lien holder to obtain their approval

prior to providing a borrower with a loan modification.

Home Retention Solutions

When a borrower cannot bring the loan current by reinstating the loan or through a repayment plan, we use our

payment deferral and loan modification workout options to help resolve the loan’s delinquency. A payment deferral is a

loss mitigation option which defers the repayment of the delinquent principal and interest payments and other eligible

default-related amounts that were advanced on behalf of the borrower by converting them into a non-interest-bearing

balance due at the earlier of the payoff date, the maturity date, or sale or transfer of the property. The remaining

mortgage terms, interest rate, payment schedule, and maturity date remain unchanged, and no trial period is required.

The number of months of payments deferred varies based on the types of hardships the borrower is facing.

We also offer single-family borrowers loan modifications, which contractually change the terms of the loan. Our loan

modification programs generally require completion of a trial period of three to four months where the borrower makes

reduced monthly payments prior to receiving the modification.

Effective December 2024, our loan modifications are designed to reach a 20% targeted principal and interest payment

reduction for the borrower. As outlined by our Servicing Guide, loan modifications include the following concessions as

necessary to achieve a 20% targeted payment reduction:

•capitalization of past due amounts, a form of payment delay, which capitalizes interest and other eligible

default-related amounts that were advanced on behalf of the borrower that are past due into the unpaid

principal balance; and

•a term extension, which may extend the contractual maturity date of the loan up to 40 years from the effective

date of the modification.

In addition to these concessions, loan modifications may also include an interest rate reduction, which reduces the

contractual interest rate of the loan, or a principal forbearance, which is another form of payment delay that includes

forbearing repayment of a portion of the principal balance as a non-interest bearing amount that is due at the earlier of

the payoff date, the maturity date, or sale or transfer of the property.

Our primary loan modification program is currently the Flex Modification program, which offers payment relief for eligible

borrowers.

Foreclosure Alternatives

We offer foreclosure alternatives for borrowers who are unable to retain their homes. Foreclosure alternatives may be

more appropriate if the borrower has experienced a significant adverse change in financial condition due to events such

as long-term unemployment or reduced income, divorce, or unexpected issues like medical bills, and is therefore no

longer able to make the required mortgage payments. To avoid foreclosure and satisfy the first-lien mortgage obligation,

our servicers work with a borrower to:

•accept a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, whereby the borrower voluntarily signs over the title to their property to the

servicer; or

•sell the home prior to foreclosure in a short sale, whereby the borrower sells the home for less than the full

amount owed to Fannie Mae under the mortgage loan.

These alternatives are designed to reduce our credit losses while helping borrowers avoid having to go through a

foreclosure. We work to obtain the highest price possible for the properties sold in short sales.

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Loan Workout Metrics

The chart below displays the unpaid principal balance of our completed single-family loan workouts by type, as well as

the number of loan workouts. This table does not include loans in an active forbearance arrangement, trial

modifications, and repayment plans that have been initiated but not completed.

(1)There were approximately 19,300 loans, 16,300 loans and 15,800 loans in a trial modification period that was not yet complete as of

December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(2)Other was $773 million, $516 million and $313 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Other

includes repayment plans and foreclosure alternatives. Repayment plans reflect only those plans associated with loans that were 60 days

or more delinquent.

The increase in loan workout activity in 2024 compared with 2023, was primarily driven by an increase in loan

modifications, which includes borrowers affected by hurricanes.

The total amount of principal and interest deferred to the end of the loan term for single-family loans that received a

payment deferral was $308 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, of which $199 million was deferred interest.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the total amount of principal and interest deferred was $408 million, of which

$248 million was deferred interest. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the total amount of principal and interest

deferred was $990 million, of which $599 million was deferred interest.

The table below displays the percentage of our single-family loan modifications completed during 2023 and 2022 that

were current or paid off one year after modification and, for modifications completed during 2022, two years after

modification.

Percentage of Single-Family Completed Loan Modifications That Were Current or Paid Off at One and Two Years Post-Modification
	2023 Modifications				2022 Modifications
	Q4	Q3	Q2	Q1	Q4	Q3	Q2	Q1
One Year Post-Modification	63%	69%	72%	75%	75%	79%	84%	87%
Two Years Post-Modification					82	85	87	90

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Nonperforming and Reperforming Loan Sales

We also undertake efforts to mitigate credit losses and manage our problem loans by selling our nonperforming and

reperforming loans, thereby removing them from our guaranty book of business. This problem loan management

strategy is intended to reduce: the number of seriously-delinquent loans, the severity of losses incurred on these loans,

and the capital we would be required to hold for such loans.

Nonperforming and Reperforming Loan Sale Activity
	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2022
	(Dollars in millions)
Reperforming Loan Sales:
Number of loans sold	19,909	11,626	29,676
Aggregate unpaid principal balance of loan sales	$3,790	$2,219	$4,974
Nonperforming Loan Sales:
Number of loans sold	3,978	2,265	8,215
Aggregate unpaid principal balance of loan sales	$698	$354	$1,354

REO Management

If a loan defaults, we may acquire the property through foreclosure or a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. The table below

displays our REO activity by region. Regional REO acquisition trends generally follow a pattern that is similar to, but

lags, that of regional delinquency trends.

Single-Family REO Properties
	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Single-family REO properties (number of properties):
Beginning of period inventory of single-family REO properties(1)	8,403		8,779		7,166
Acquisitions by geographic area:(2)
Midwest	876		1,265		1,606
Northeast	477		847		1,049
Southeast	652		982		1,136
Southwest	602		754		768
West	387		344		322
Total REO acquisitions(1)	2,994		4,192		4,881
Dispositions of REO	(5,502)		(4,568)		(3,268)
End of period inventory of single-family REO properties(1)	5,895		8,403		8,779
Carrying value of single-family REO properties (dollars in millions)	$1,106		$1,396		$1,293
Single-family foreclosure rate(3)	0.02	%	0.02	%	0.03	%
REO net sales price to unpaid principal balance(4)	143	%	129	%	114	%
REO net sales price to unpaid principal balance and costs to repair(5)	89	%	97	%	102	%
Short sales net sales price to unpaid principal balance(6)	89	%	91	%	91	%

(1)Includes held-for-use properties, which are reported in our consolidated balance sheets as a component of “Other assets.”

(2)See footnote 9 to the “Key Risk Characteristics of Single-Family Conventional Business Volume and Guaranty Book of Business” table for

states included in each geographic region.

(3)Reflects the total number of properties acquired through foreclosure or deeds-in-lieu of foreclosure as a percentage of the total number of

loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business as of the end of each period.

(4)Calculated as the amount of sale proceeds received on disposition of REO properties during the respective periods, excluding those

subject to repurchase requests made to our sellers or servicers, divided by the aggregate unpaid principal balance of the related loans at

the time of foreclosure. Net sales price represents the contract sales price less selling costs for the property and other charges paid by the

seller at closing, and excludes the cost associated with any property repairs.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 96

MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management

(5)Calculated as the amount of sale proceeds received on disposition of REO properties during the respective periods, excluding those

subject to repurchase requests made to our sellers or servicers, divided by the aggregate unpaid principal balance of the related loans at

the time of foreclosure and costs to repair the property. Net sales price represents the contract sales price less selling costs for the

property and other charges paid by the seller at closing.

(6)Calculated as the amount of sale proceeds received on properties sold in short sale transactions during the respective periods divided by

the aggregate unpaid principal balance of the related loans. Net sales price includes borrower relocation incentive payments and

subordinate lien(s) negotiated payoffs.

Although our REO net sales price to unpaid principal balance rose from 129% in 2023 to 143% in 2024, that increase

was more than offset by the impact of increased costs we have incurred to repair the condition of properties, which

resulted in a decline in our REO net sales price to unpaid principal balance and costs to repair from 97% in 2023 to 89%

in 2024.

We conduct repairs on the majority of the REO properties we acquire. These improvements help make the homes more

sustainable and support sales to owner-occupant buyers.

We market and sell the majority of our foreclosed properties through local real estate professionals. In some cases, we

use alternative methods of disposition, including selling homes to municipalities, other public entities or non-profit

organizations, and selling properties through public auctions. We also engage in third-party sales at foreclosure, which

allow us to avoid maintenance and other REO expenses we would have incurred had we acquired the property.

As shown in the chart below, the majority of our REO properties are unable to be marketed at any given time because

the properties are under repair, occupied or are subject to state or local redemption or confirmation periods, which

delays the marketing and disposition of these properties.

Single-Family Credit Loss Performance Metrics and Loan Sale Performance

The single-family credit loss performance metrics and loan sale performance measures below present information about

losses or gains we realized on our single-family loans during the periods presented. For the purposes of our single-

family credit loss performance metrics, credit losses or gains represent write-offs net of recoveries and foreclosed

property income or expense. The amount of these losses or gains in a given period is driven by foreclosures, pre-

foreclosure sales, post-foreclosure REO activity, mortgage loan redesignations, and other events that trigger write-offs

and recoveries. The single-family credit loss metrics we present are not defined terms and may not be calculated in the

same manner as similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Management uses these measures to evaluate

the effectiveness of our single-family credit risk management strategies in conjunction with leading indicators such as

serious delinquency and forbearance rates, which are potential indicators of future realized single-family credit losses.

We believe these measures provide useful information about our single-family credit performance and the factors that

impact it.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 97

MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management

The table below displays the components of our single-family credit loss performance metrics. Because sales of

nonperforming and reperforming loans are a part of our credit loss mitigation strategy, we also provide information in the

table below on our loan sale performance through the “Gains (losses) on sales and other valuation adjustments” line

item.

Single-Family Credit Loss Performance Metrics and Loan Sale Performance
	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2022
	(Dollars in millions)
Write-offs	$(458)	$(223)	$(211)
Recoveries	258	210	288
Foreclosed property income (expense)	(387)	10	(55)
Credit gains (losses)	(587)	(3)	22
Write-offs on the redesignation of mortgage loans from HFI to HFS(1)	(270)	(658)	(679)
Net credit gains (losses) and write-offs on redesignations	(857)	(661)	(657)
Gains (losses) on sales and other valuation adjustments(2)	(21)	(52)	(207)
Net credit gains (losses), write-offs on redesignations and gains (losses) on sales and other valuation adjustments	$(878)	$(713)	$(864)
Credit gain (loss) ratio (in bps)(3)	(1.6)	*	0.1
Net credit gains (losses), write-offs on redesignations and gains (losses) on sales and other valuation adjustments ratio (in bps)(4)	(2.4)	(2.0)	(2.4)

*Represents less than 0.05 bps.

(1)Consists of the lower of cost or fair value adjustment at time of redesignation.

(2)Consists of gains or losses realized on the sales of nonperforming and reperforming mortgage loans during the period and temporary

lower-of-cost-or-market adjustments on HFS loans, which are recognized in “Investment gains (losses), net” in our consolidated

statements of operations and comprehensive income.

(3)Calculated based on the amount of “Credit gains (losses)” divided by the average single-family conventional guaranty book of business

during the period.

(4)Calculated based on the amount of “Net credit gains (losses), write-offs on redesignations and gains (losses) on sales and other valuation

adjustments” divided by the average single-family conventional guaranty book of business during the period.

The primary drivers of our net credit gains (losses), write-offs on redesignations and gains (losses) on sales and other

valuation adjustments in 2024 were write-offs on loans for which collectability was no longer reasonably assured as well

as foreclosed property expense.

The primary driver of our net credit gains (losses), write-offs on redesignations and gains (losses) on sales and other

valuation adjustments in 2023 was write-offs upon the redesignation of mortgage loans from HFI to HFS. During 2023,

we redesignated loans with an amortized cost of $3.3 billion. Interest rates on loans redesignated in 2023 were below

current market interest rates resulting in write-offs upon the redesignation.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 98

MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management

The table below displays concentrations of our net single-family credit gains (losses) and write-offs on redesignations

based on geography.

Concentration Analysis of Net Credit Gains (Losses) and Write-offs on Redesignations
	Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business Outstanding(1)		Amount of Single-Family Credit Gains (Losses) and Redesignation Write-offs(2)
	As of December 31,		For the year ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2024	2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Geographical distribution:
California	19%	19%	$(110)	$(115)
Florida	6	6	(36)	(15)
Illinois	3	3	(67)	(51)
New York	4	5	(80)	(64)
Texas	8	7	(44)	(39)
All other states	60	60	(520)	(377)
Total	100%	100%	$(857)	$(661)

(1)Calculated based on the aggregate unpaid principal balance of single-family loans for each category divided by the aggregate unpaid

principal balance of loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business as of the end of each period.

(2)Credit gains (losses) and write-offs on redesignations do not include gains (losses) on sales and other valuation adjustments. Excludes the

impact of recoveries resulting from resolution agreements related to representation and warranty matters and compensatory fee income

related to servicing matters that have not been allocated to specific loans.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 99

MD&A | Single-Family Business | Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management

Single-Family Maturity Information

The below table shows the contractual maturities and interest rate sensitivities of our single-family mortgage loan

portfolio as recorded on our consolidated balance sheets. Although the loans in our consolidated portfolio have varying

contractual terms (for example, 15-year, 30-year, etc.), the actual life of the loans is likely to be significantly less than

their contractual term as a result of prepayment. Therefore, the contractual term is not a reliable indicator of the loans’

expected lives. Single-family mortgages can be prepaid in whole or in part at any time without penalty.

Single-Family Loans: Maturities and Terms of the Consolidated Mortgage Loan Portfolio(1)
	As of December 31, 2024
	Due within 1 year(2)	Greater than 1 year but within 5 years	Greater than 5 years but within 15 years	Greater than 15 years	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Single-family mortgage loans:
Loans held for sale	$13	$37	$113	$295	$458
Loans held for investment
Of Fannie Mae	3,618	3,962	11,382	29,795	48,757
Of consolidated trusts	126,796	530,526	1,343,818	1,570,265	3,571,405
Total unpaid principal balance of single-family mortgage loans	130,427	534,525	1,355,313	1,600,355	3,620,620
Cost basis adjustments, net					36,398
Total single-family mortgage loans(3)	$130,427	$534,525	$1,355,313	$1,600,355	$3,657,018
Single-family mortgage loans by interest rate sensitivity:
Fixed-rate	$126,338	$530,562	$1,344,300	$1,588,568	$3,589,768
Adjustable-rate	4,089	3,963	11,013	11,787	30,852
Total unpaid principal balance of single- family mortgage loans	$130,427	$534,525	$1,355,313	$1,600,355	$3,620,620

(1)We report the scheduled repayments in the maturity category in which the payment is due, such that a loan’s balance may be presented

across multiple maturity categories.

(2)Due within 1 year includes reverse mortgages for which there is no defined maturity date of $3.2 billion as of December 31, 2024.

(3)Excludes accrued interest receivable. The unpaid principal balance of single family loans is based on the amount of contractual unpaid

principal balance due and excludes any write-offs for amounts deemed uncollectible. Those write-offs are presented as a component of

cost basis adjustments, net.

Multifamily Business

Multifamily Primary Business Activities

Providing Liquidity for Multifamily Mortgage Loans

Our Multifamily business provides mortgage market liquidity primarily for properties with five or more residential units,

which may be apartment communities, cooperative properties, seniors housing, dedicated student housing or

manufactured housing communities. Our Multifamily business works with our multifamily lenders to provide funds to the

mortgage market primarily by securitizing multifamily mortgage loans acquired from these lenders into Fannie Mae

MBS, which are sold to investors or dealers. We also purchase multifamily mortgage loans and provide credit

enhancement for bonds issued by state and local housing finance authorities to finance multifamily housing. Our

Multifamily business supports liquidity in the mortgage market through other activities, such as buying and selling

Fannie Mae multifamily MBS and issuing structured securities backed by Fannie Mae collateral. We also continue to

invest in multifamily Low Income Housing Tax Credit (“LIHTC”) projects to help support and preserve the supply of

affordable rental housing.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 100

MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Primary Business Activities

Key Characteristics of the Multifamily Business

The Multifamily business has a number of key characteristics that distinguish it from our Single-Family business.

•Collateral: Multifamily loans are collateralized by properties that generate cash flows predominantly driven by

rental income received from tenants and effectively operate as businesses.

•Borrowers and sponsors: Multifamily borrowing entities are typically owned, directly or indirectly, by for-profit

corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, real estate investment trusts and individuals who invest

in real estate for cash flow and expected returns in excess of their original contribution of equity. Borrowing

entities are typically single-asset entities, with the property as their only asset. The ultimate owner of a

multifamily borrowing entity is referred to as the “sponsor.” We evaluate both the borrowing entity and its

sponsor when considering a new transaction and managing our business. We refer to both the borrowing

entities and their sponsors as “borrowers.” When considering a multifamily borrower, creditworthiness is

evaluated through a combination of quantitative and qualitative data, including liquid assets, net worth, number

of units owned, experience in a market and/or property type, multifamily portfolio performance, access to

additional liquidity, debt maturities, asset/property management platform, senior management experience,

reputation, and exposures to lenders and Fannie Mae.

•Non-recourse: Multifamily loans are generally non-recourse to the borrowers, meaning that we may only seek

repayment of the loan through the value of the underlying collateral.

•Lenders: During 2024, we executed multifamily transactions with 28 lenders. Of these, 24 lenders delivered

loans to us under our DUS program described below. In determining whether to enter into a selling and

servicing arrangement with a multifamily lender, we consider the lender’s: financial strength; multifamily

underwriting and servicing experience and processes, including relevant policies and procedures in place;

portfolio performance; and willingness and ability to share in the risk of loss associated with the multifamily

loans they originate.

•Loan size: The average size of a multifamily loan (based on unpaid principal balance) in our guaranty book of

business is much larger than the average size of a single-family loan. See “Single-Family Guaranty Book

Diversification and Monitoring” and “Multifamily Guaranty Book Diversification and Monitoring” for additional

information about the average size of single-family and multifamily loans in our guaranty book.

•Underwriting process: Multifamily loans require detailed underwriting of the property’s operating cash flow. Our

underwriting standards include an evaluation of the property’s operating income compared to loan payments,

property market value, property quality and condition, market and submarket factors, and ability to refinance at

maturity.

•Term and lifecycle: In contrast to the standard 30-year single-family residential loan, multifamily loans typically

have original loan terms of 5, 7, or 10 years, with balloon payments due at maturity.

•Prepayment terms: To reduce the likelihood of prepayments during the term of a loan, most multifamily Fannie

Mae loans impose prepayment premiums, primarily yield maintenance. This is in contrast to single-family loans,

which do not have prepayment premiums.

Delegated Underwriting and Servicing Program

Fannie Mae’s DUS program is a unique business model that is intended to align the interests of the lender and Fannie

Mae. Our DUS lender network of 24 current members is composed of mortgage banking companies, large diversified

financial institutions, and banks. We pre-approve DUS lenders and delegate to these lenders the authority to underwrite

and service multifamily loans on our behalf in accordance with our standards and requirements. Delegation permits

lenders to respond to customers more rapidly, as the lender generally has the authority to approve a loan within our

prescribed parameters. In certain cases when a loan’s credit characteristics do not meet established delegation criteria,

Fannie Mae’s internal credit team may assess whether a loan’s risk profile is within our risk tolerance.

DUS lenders typically share a portion of the credit risk on our multifamily loans for the life of the loans. The servicing

fees we pay to DUS lenders include compensation for the portion of credit risk they retain. See “Multifamily Mortgage

Credit Risk Management” for additional information about our lender risk sharing.

Multifamily Mortgage Servicing

Substantially all of the multifamily loans in our guaranty book of business as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were

serviced by DUS lenders or their affiliates on our behalf. Multifamily servicers are responsible for the evaluation of the

financial condition of properties and property owners, administering various types of loan- and property-level

agreements (including agreements covering replacement reserves, completion or repair, and operations and

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 101

MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Primary Business Activities

maintenance), as well as conducting routine property inspections. When elevated risks in a transaction are identified,

we may require additional evaluation and mitigation of these risks, such as conducting additional property inspections

and requiring borrowers to complete repairs within specific timelines. We monitor multifamily servicing relationships and

retain the right to approve servicing transfers, which are infrequent.

Multifamily Credit Risk and Credit Loss Management

Our Multifamily business:

•Sets the underwriting and servicing standards and credit requirements for lenders to underwrite multifamily

loans on our behalf.

•Prices and manages the credit risk on loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business. Lenders retain a

portion of the credit risk in substantially all multifamily transactions.

•Enters into additional transactions that transfer a portion of Fannie Mae’s credit risk on some of the loans in our

multifamily guaranty book of business through back-end credit risk transfer transactions.

•Works to reduce costs of defaulted multifamily loans, including through loss mitigation strategies such as

forbearance and modification, management of foreclosures and our REO inventory, and pursuing contractual

remedies from lenders, servicers, borrowers, sponsors, and providers of credit enhancement.

See “Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management” for a discussion of our strategies for managing credit risk and

credit losses on multifamily loans.

Multifamily Activities Supporting Affordable Rental Housing

Overview

A core component of Fannie Mae’s mission is to support the U.S. multifamily housing market by helping serve the

nation’s rental housing needs. We focus on supporting affordable housing, which is housing that is affordable to

households earning at or below the median income in their area, as well as on workforce housing, which is housing that

is affordable to those earning at or below 120% of area median income. Approximately 95% of the multifamily units we

financed in 2024 that were potentially eligible for housing goals credit were affordable to those earning at or below

120% of the median income in their area. The chart below shows a breakout of multifamily acquisitions by area median

income.

Multifamily Acquisitions by Area Median Income (AMI)(1)

(1)Based on rents reported at loan origination. Rents may change following loan origination. Reflects multifamily acquisitions potentially

eligible for housing goals credit, which consists of new units financed by first liens; excludes second liens on units for which we had

financed the first lien, manufactured housing communities, and manufactured housing rentals.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 102

MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Primary Business Activities

Targeted Affordable Housing

To serve low- and very-low-income households, we have a team that focuses exclusively on relationships with lenders

financing privately-owned multifamily properties that receive public subsidies in exchange for maintaining long-term

affordable rents. We work with borrowers that may utilize housing programs and subsidies provided by local, state and

federal agencies; examples include tax incentives (such as those provided through LIHTC or tax abatement) and rent

subsidies (such as project-based Section 8 rental assistance or tenant vouchers). The public subsidy programs are

largely targeted to provide housing to those earning less than 60% of area median income (as defined by HUD) and are

structured to ensure that the low- and very low-income households who benefit from the programs pay no more than

30% of their gross monthly income for rent and utilities. As of December 31, 2024, these affordable loans represented

approximately 12% of our multifamily guaranty book of business, based on unpaid principal balance, including

$7.1 billion in bond credit enhancements.

Our acquisition of loans financing properties affordable to low- and very-low income households help us meet our

multifamily housing goals and FHFA’s requirement that a portion of our multifamily volume be focused on affordable and

underserved markets. We discuss our multifamily housing goals in “Business—Legislation and Regulation—Housing

Goals—Multifamily Housing Goals” and we discuss our requirement to focus on affordable and underserved markets in

“Multifamily Business Metrics—Multifamily New Business Volume.”

Equity Investments in Low Income Housing Tax Credit Projects

We make equity investments in LIHTC partnerships. These LIHTC partnerships have generally been established to

identify, develop and operate multifamily housing that is leased to qualifying residential tenants. LIHTC encourages

private equity investment in creating and preserving affordable units throughout the country by awarding federal tax

credits to affordable housing developers, who then exchange those tax credits with corporate investors, such as Fannie

Mae, in return for capital contributions. FHFA has capped our LIHTC investments at $1 billion per year, with any

investments above $500 million in a given year required to be targeted towards transactions identified as having

difficulty attracting investors or in duty to serve-designated rural areas.

Multifamily Lenders and Investors

Our Multifamily business works primarily with our DUS lender network. During 2024, our top five multifamily lenders, in

the aggregate, accounted for 49% of our multifamily business volume, compared with 48% in 2023. Three of our

lenders, Walker & Dunlop, Berkadia Commercial Mortgage, and CBRE Multifamily Capital accounted for 13%, 11%, and

11%, respectively, of our 2024 multifamily business volume. No other lenders accounted for 10% or more of our

multifamily business volume in 2024.

We have a diversified funding base of domestic and international investors. Purchasers of multifamily Fannie Mae MBS

include fund managers, commercial banks, pension funds, insurance companies, corporations, state and local

governments, and other municipal authorities. We also have separate investor bases for our back-end credit risk

transactions. Our Multifamily Connecticut Avenue SecuritiesTM (“MCASTM”) investors include fund managers, hedge

funds and insurance companies, while our Multifamily CIRTTM (“MCIRTTM”) transactions are executed with insurers and

reinsurers.

Multifamily Competition

We compete to acquire multifamily mortgage assets in the secondary mortgage market and to issue multifamily

mortgage-backed securities to investors. Our primary competitors for the acquisition of multifamily mortgage assets are

Freddie Mac, life insurers, U.S. banks and thrifts, and other institutional investors. Our primary competitors for the

issuance of multifamily mortgage-backed securities are Freddie Mac, U.S. banks, Ginnie Mae, and private-label issuers

of commercial mortgage-backed securities. Competition in these activities is significantly affected by: our and our

competitors’ pricing, eligibility standards, loan structures and risk appetite; lender preferences; the number and types of

multifamily mortgage loans offered for sale in the secondary mortgage market; investor demand for our and our

competitors’ mortgage-backed securities; and macroeconomic conditions. Our ability to compete may also be affected

by many other factors, including: actions we take to support affordable multifamily housing; direction from FHFA; our

senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury; our or our competitors’ capital requirements; our and Freddie

Mac’s return on capital requirements; and new or existing legislation or regulations applicable to us, our lenders or our

investors. The nature of our primary competitors and the overall levels of competition we face could change as a result

of a variety of factors, many of which are outside our control. See “Business—Conservatorship and Treasury

Agreements,” “Business—Legislation and Regulation,” and “Risk Factors” for information on matters that could affect

our business and competitive environment.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 103

MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Mortgage Market

Multifamily Mortgage Market

Multifamily market fundamentals, which include factors such as vacancy rates and rent growth, were mixed during the

fourth quarter of 2024, due to ongoing demand and elevated levels of new supply entering various markets across the

country. Although the national vacancy rate is estimated to have remained steady, rents declined.

•Vacancy rates. Based on preliminary third-party data, we estimate that the national multifamily vacancy rate for

institutional investment-type apartment properties remained steady at 6.0% as of December 31, 2024, the

same as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The estimated average national multifamily vacancy

rate over the last 15 years is approximately 5.8%.

•Rents. Based on preliminary third-party data, we estimate that effective rents decreased approximately 0.5%

during the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to an increase of 0.2% during the third quarter of 2024, and a

decrease of 0.7% during the fourth quarter of 2023.

Vacancy rates and rents are important to loan performance because multifamily loans are generally repaid from the

cash flows generated by the underlying property. Several years of low vacancy rates and rising rents helped to increase

property values in most metropolitan areas, but that trend reversed starting in early 2023. Based on preliminary

multifamily property sales data, transaction volumes for 2024 remained well below average levels. Available data

suggests that multifamily property capitalization rates, the indicated rate of return on investment of a commercial

property, are estimated at 5.4% in the fourth quarter of 2024, a slight decline from 5.6% in the third quarter of 2024, and

lower than 5.5% in the fourth quarter of 2023.

We estimate that more than 575,000 multifamily units were delivered to the U.S. housing market in 2024. Multifamily

construction remains elevated. There were more than 850,000 rental units underway as of December 2024. Based on

recent historical trends, we expect between 450,000 and 500,000 units will be completed in 2025.

We believe vacancy levels could rise to 6.25% in early 2025, due to elevated new construction completions. Despite

elevated levels of new supply, we expect rent growth in the 2.0% to 2.5% range during 2025, due to anticipated ongoing

job growth, positive demographic trends, and elevated mortgage rates and single-family housing prices keeping many

tenants renting longer.

During the last two years, high interest rates and investor yield requirements have reduced multifamily property sales

transactions and placed downward pressure on multifamily property valuations. According to data from the MSCI RCA

Commercial Property Price Index (“RCA CPPITM”), multifamily property values declined 19% from the peak in the

second quarter of 2022 to the fourth quarter of 2024. However, there have been recent stabilizing trends including

slowing property value declines, positive demographics, ongoing job growth, a drop-off in new supply entering the

market, and continued demand for rentals due to tenants renting for longer. We believe that multifamily sales activity

may increase over the next 12 to 18 months due to elevated new supply completions, increasing rent growth, and

ongoing demand from tenants, and over the longer term, we expect sales and valuations will keep rising.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 104

MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Mortgage Acquisition Share

Multifamily Mortgage Acquisition Share

The chart below displays our estimated share of multifamily mortgage acquisitions during the twelve months ended as

of September 30, 2024, the latest date available, and the twelve months ended September 30, 2023, as compared with

that of our primary competitors for the acquisition of multifamily mortgage assets.

Multifamily Mortgage Acquisition Share(1)

Fannie Mae	Ginnie Mae	Depository Institutions	Others(2)
Freddie Mac	Life Insurers	Non-Traditional MF Lenders	Conduit s

(1)According to the American Council of Life Insurers (“ACLI”), Trepp, Mortgage Bankers Association and Fannie Mae Multifamily Economic

and Strategic Research Group.

(2) Other includes state and local credit agencies, FHLBs and other financial institutions.

Multifamily Mortgage Debt Outstanding

As shown in the chart below, we have remained a continuous source of liquidity in the U.S. multifamily market.

Multifamily Mortgage Debt Outstanding(1)

(Dollars in trillions)

(1)Multifamily mortgage debt outstanding as of September 30, 2024 is based on the Federal Reserve’s December 2024 mortgage debt

outstanding release, the latest date for which the Federal Reserve has estimated mortgage debt outstanding for multifamily residences.

Prior-period amounts have been updated to reflect revised historical data from the Federal Reserve.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 105

MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Business Metrics

Multifamily Business Metrics

Multifamily New Business Volume

The chart below displays our new loan acquisitions by unpaid principal balance and number of units financed.

Multifamily New Business Volume

(Dollars in billions)

(1)Reflects unpaid principal balance of new multifamily loans securitized or purchased as well as credit enhancements provided during the

period. These figures will not agree to Fannie Mae MBS issued during the period, as Fannie Mae MBS issued also include portfolio

securitizations and certain conversions that result in a new Fannie Mae MBS issuance without being a new loan and exclude credit

enhancements.

(2)Reflects new units financed by first liens; excludes second liens on units for which we had financed the first lien, as well as manufactured

housing rentals.

Multifamily business volumes increased in 2024 compared with 2023, reflecting increased market activity in the fourth

quarter of 2024. We are subject to an annual multifamily loan purchase cap set by FHFA. In 2024, we remained below

our multifamily volume cap of $70 billion. For 2025, FHFA has increased our multifamily volume cap to $73 billion. FHFA

has exempted from the volume cap loans financing workforce housing properties meeting specified criteria that

preserve long-term affordability for the properties. Consistent with the 2024 cap, a minimum of 50% of our 2025

multifamily loan purchases must be mission-driven, focused on specified affordable and underserved market segments.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 106

MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Business Metrics

Multifamily Securities Issuances

We securitize the vast majority of multifamily mortgage loans we acquire through lender swap transactions. We also

support liquidity in the market by issuing structured MBS backed by multifamily Fannie Mae MBS, including through our

Fannie Mae GeMSTM program.

Multifamily Fannie Mae MBS Issuances

(Dollars in billions)

(1)A portion of structured securities issuances may be backed by Fannie Mae MBS issued during the same period and held by Fannie Mae.

Structured securities backed by Fannie Mae MBS that are issued by a third party are not included in the multifamily Fannie Mae MBS

structured security issuance amounts.

Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business and Average Charged Guaranty Fee

The chart below displays the unpaid principal balance and average charged guaranty fee related to our multifamily

guaranty book of business.

Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business and Charged Fee

(Dollars in billions)

(1)Our multifamily guaranty book of business primarily consists of multifamily mortgage loans underlying Fannie Mae MBS outstanding,

multifamily mortgage loans of Fannie Mae held in our retained mortgage portfolio, and other credit enhancements that we provide on

multifamily mortgage assets. It does not include non-Fannie Mae multifamily mortgage-related securities held in our retained mortgage

portfolio for which we do not provide a guaranty.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 107

MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Business Metrics

Our multifamily guaranty book of business grew to $499.7 billion as of December 31, 2024, a 6.2% increase from

December 31, 2023, driven by our acquisitions combined with low prepayment volumes due to the high interest rate

environment.

Our average charged guaranty fee represents the return we earn as compensation for the credit risk we assume on our

multifamily guaranty book of business. The average charged guaranty fee on our multifamily guaranty book of business

decreased in 2024 compared with 2023, due to lower average charged fees on our 2024 acquisitions as compared with

the existing loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business. Our guaranty fee is impacted by the rate at which loans

in our book of business turn over as well as the guaranty fees we charge on new business volumes, which are set at the

time we acquire the loans. Our multifamily guaranty fee pricing is primarily based on the individual credit risk

characteristics of the loans we acquire and the overall composition of our multifamily guaranty book of business. Our

multifamily guaranty fee pricing is also influenced by external forces, such as the availability and cost of other sources of

liquidity, our mission-related goals, the FHFA volume cap, interest rates, and MBS spreads.

Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management

Our strategy for managing multifamily mortgage credit risk consists of the following primary components:

•our acquisition and servicing policies along with our underwriting and servicing standards;

•guaranty book diversification and monitoring;

•the transfer of mortgage credit risk to third parties; and

•management of problem loans.

The credit risk profile of a loan in our multifamily guaranty book of business is primarily influenced by:

•the current and anticipated cash flows from the property;

•the type and location of the property;

•the condition and value of the property;

•the financial strength of the borrower;

•market trends; and

•the structure of the financing.

These and other factors affect both the amount of expected credit loss on a given loan and the sensitivity of that loss to

changes in the economic environment. These factors and our strategy for managing multifamily mortgage credit risk are

described in more detail below.

We typically obtain our multifamily credit information from the lenders or servicers of the mortgage loans in our guaranty

book of business and receive representations and warranties from them as to the accuracy of the information. While we

perform various quality assurance checks by sampling loans to assess compliance with our underwriting and eligibility

criteria, we do not independently verify all reported information and we rely on lender representations and warranties

regarding the accuracy of the characteristics of loans in our guaranty book of business. See “Risk Factors” for a

discussion of risks relating to mortgage fraud as a result of this reliance on lender representations and warranties.

Multifamily Acquisition Policy and Underwriting Standards

Our Multifamily business is responsible for pricing and managing the credit risk on our multifamily guaranty book of

business. Multifamily loans that we purchase or that back Fannie Mae MBS are underwritten by a Fannie Mae-approved

lender and may be subject to our underwriting review prior to closing, depending on the product type, loan size, market

and/or other factors. Our underwriting standards generally include, among other things, property cash flow analysis and

third-party appraisals. We periodically refine our underwriting standards based on changes in our risk appetite.

Our standards for multifamily loans specify maximum original LTV ratio and minimum original DSCR values that vary

based on loan characteristics. Our experience has been that original LTV ratio and DSCR values have been reliable

indicators of future credit performance. We limit acquisitions of multifamily loans with original LTV ratios greater than

80% or with original DSCRs of 1.25 or less, as they pose more credit risk than we typically seek. The percentage of our

new multifamily business volume acquired in 2024 and 2023 with original LTV ratios greater than 80% was

approximately 1%. The percentage of new multifamily business volume acquired in 2024 with original DSCRs (based on

actual debt service payments) of 1.25 or less was approximately 4%, compared with approximately 2% in 2023.

We have discovered instances of multifamily lending transactions in which one or more of the parties involved engaged

in mortgage fraud or possible mortgage fraud, and we continue to investigate additional multifamily lending transactions

in which we suspect fraud may have occurred and may discover additional multifamily loans we have purchased that

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 108

MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management

were affected by fraud. As described in “Risk Factors,” certain gaps have been identified in our processes for managing

multifamily loan origination fraud risk and for overseeing our multifamily seller/servicer counterparties. As a result, we

have implemented process improvements to reinforce and clarify our requirements for multifamily sellers and servicers,

including enhanced lender due diligence requirements for borrowers, additional requirements for brokered transactions,

and an expanded vendor review process. We continue to work to improve our processes to further reduce the risk we

face from fraudulent practices, including implementing updates to our DUS Guide and expanding resources dedicated

to oversight of multifamily sellers and servicers. In addition, we continue to pursue contractual remedies against

multifamily lenders where we find breaches of the selling representations that lenders are required to provide on loans

they sell to us, as well as against multifamily borrowers and sponsors.

Multifamily Guaranty Book Diversification and Monitoring

Diversification within our multifamily guaranty book of business by geographic concentration, term to maturity, interest

rate structure, borrower concentration, loan size, property type, and credit enhancement coverage are important factors

that influence credit performance and may help reduce our credit risk.

As part of our ongoing credit risk management process, we and our lenders monitor the performance and risk

characteristics of our multifamily loans and the underlying properties on an ongoing basis throughout the loan term at

the asset and portfolio level. We generally require lenders to provide quarterly and/or annual financial updates for

multifamily loans. We closely monitor loans that are higher risk, including loans with an estimated current DSCR below

1.0, as that is an indicator of heightened default risk.

The physical condition of the properties that serve as collateral for our multifamily loans is an important credit risk

characteristic. As such, we require that our lenders assess property condition at origination, and our lenders also

conduct and deliver to us their property assessments throughout the life of the loan. We maintain a robust quality control

process with respect to property condition, including requiring third-party inspections for certain properties with a higher

risk profile. Some borrowers may not invest in needed property repairs and maintenance, or in capital replacements,

particularly in times of economic stress when they may not have sufficient resources. When concerns about property

condition of underlying collateral arise, we have a dedicated team that actively engages with our lenders and borrowers

to seek remediation of the identified issues. Failure to perform repairs may result in a default under the loan documents.

We manage our exposure to interest-rate risk and monitor changes in interest rates, which can impact multiple aspects

of our multifamily loans. High interest rates may reduce the ability of multifamily borrowers to refinance their loans,

which often have balloon balances at maturity. We have a team that proactively manages upcoming loan maturities to

minimize losses on maturing loans. This team assists lenders and borrowers with timely and appropriate refinancing of

maturing loans with the goal of reducing defaults and foreclosures related to these loans. We provide information on the

maturity schedule of our multifamily loans in “Multifamily Problem Loan Management and Multifamily Maturity

Information” below and in our quarterly financial supplements, which we furnish to the SEC with current reports on Form

8-K and make available on our website. Information in our quarterly financial supplements is not incorporated by

reference into this report.

Additionally, in a high interest-rate environment, multifamily borrowers with adjustable-rate mortgages will have higher

monthly payments, which may lower their DSCRs. The percentage of our multifamily guaranty book of business with a

current DSCR below 1.0 was approximately 6% as of December 31, 2024, compared to 4% as of December 31, 2023,

as displayed in the table below. This increase was primarily attributable to properties financed with adjustable-rate

mortgages reporting lower DSCRs in their latest operating statements as a result of the current interest rate

environment. We generally require multifamily borrowers with adjustable-rate mortgages to purchase and maintain

interest rate caps for the life of the loan to protect against large movements in rates as well as maintain escrows at our

servicers to reserve for the cost of replacing these caps. Purchasing or replacing required interest rate caps, especially

those with longer terms and/or lower capped interest rates, becomes more expensive as interest rates rise. These

costs, which have been elevated since mid-2022, combined with the higher monthly payments, have added pressure to

borrowers’ ability to make payments and contributed to our elevated multifamily serious delinquency rate and criticized

loan population. In the recent high interest rate environment, most multifamily borrowers with adjustable-rate mortgages

have been receiving payments from their interest rate cap providers, which helps to defray the higher cost of debt

service and escrow payments. We actively monitor these interest-rate related risks as part of our risk management

process. For more information on our criticized loan population, see “Multifamily Problem Loan Management—Credit

Performance Statistics on Multifamily Problem Loans.”

In addition to the factors discussed above, we track the following credit risk characteristics to determine loan credit

quality indicators, which are the internal risk categories we use and which are further discussed in “Note 4, Mortgage

Loans”:

•the physical condition of the property;

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•delinquency status;

•the relevant local market and economic conditions that may signal changing risk or return profiles; and

•other risk factors.

For example, we closely monitor rental payment trends and vacancy levels in local markets, as well as capitalization

rates, to identify loans that merit closer attention or loss mitigation actions. The primary asset management

responsibilities for our multifamily loans are performed by our DUS and other multifamily lenders. We periodically

evaluate these lenders’ performance for compliance with our asset management criteria.

We also monitor for risks manifesting within specific property types. A property type we continue to monitor closely is

seniors housing. In our book of business, seniors housing is primarily comprised of independent living, assisted living,

and memory care facilities, which generally have limited or no capacity devoted to skilled nursing. Although seniors

housing loans constituted only 3% of our multifamily guaranty book of business as of December 31, 2024, based on

unpaid principal balance, they constituted approximately 21% of our seriously delinquent multifamily loan population, as

described below in “Multifamily Problem Loan Management.” Approximately 24% of our seniors housing loans were

adjustable-rate mortgages as of December 31, 2024. We continue to monitor seniors housing loans in our multifamily

guaranty book of business closely and actively manage loans that may be at risk of further deterioration or default.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 110

MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management

The following table displays our multifamily business volumes and our multifamily guaranty book of business, based on

certain key risk characteristics that we use to evaluate the risk profile and credit quality of our multifamily loans.

We provide additional information on the credit characteristics of our multifamily loans in quarterly financial

supplements, which we furnish to the SEC with current reports on Form 8-K and make available on our website.

Information in our quarterly financial supplements is not incorporated by reference into this report.

Key Risk Characteristics of Multifamily Business Volume and Guaranty Book of Business
	Multifamily Business Volume at Acquisition(1) For the Year Ended December 31,						Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business(2) As of December 31,
	2024		2023		2022		2024		2023		2022
LTV ratio:
Weighted-average original LTV ratio	62	%	59	%	59	%	63	%	63	%	64	%
DSCR:
Weighted-average DSCR(3)	1.6		1.6		1.9		2.0		2.0		2.2
Current DSCR below 1.0(3)	—		—		—		6	%	4	%	3	%
Loan amount and count:
Average loan amount (in millions)	$21		$19		$19		$17		$16		$16
Loan count	2,602		2,812		3,572		29,651		28,926		28,023
Interest rate type:
Fixed interest rate	100	%	99	%	78	%	93	%	91	%	89	%
Adjustable interest rate	*		1		22		7		9		11
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Amortization type:
Full interest-only	61	%	63	%	53	%	45	%	42	%	38	%
Partial interest-only(4)	31		32		39		44		46		49
Fully amortizing	8		5		8		11		12		13
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Asset class type:
Conventional/co-op	94	%	92	%	93	%	90	%	89	%	88	%
Seniors housing	3		1		1		3		3		4
Student housing	1		1		2		3		3		3
Manufactured housing	2		6		4		4		5		5
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Affordable(5)	11	%	12	%	13	%	12	%	12	%	12	%
Small balance loans (based on loan count)(6)	34	%	40	%	38	%	47	%	48	%	50	%
Geographic concentration:(7)
Midwest	12	%	13	%	15	%	12	%	12	%	12	%
Northeast	13		12		12		15		15		15
Southeast	30		32		31		27		27		27
Southwest	23		24		25		22		22		22
West	22		19		17		24		24		24
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

*    Represents less than 0.5% of multifamily business volume or guaranty book of business.

(1)Calculated based on the unpaid principal balance of multifamily loans for each category at time of acquisition, excluding small balance

loans which is calculated based on loan count rather than unpaid principal balance.

(2)Calculated based on the aggregate unpaid principal balance of multifamily loans for each category divided by the aggregate unpaid

principal balance of loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business as of the end of each period, excluding small balance loans which is

calculated based on loan count rather than unpaid principal balance.

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(3)For our business volumes, the DSCR is calculated using the actual debt service payments for the loan. For our book of business, our

estimates of current DSCRs are based on the latest available income information covering a 12-month period, from quarterly and annual

statements for these properties including the related debt service. When an annual statement is the latest statement available, it is used.

When operating statement information is not available, the underwritten DSCR is used. Co-op loans are excluded from this metric.

(4)Consists of mortgage loans that were underwritten with a partial interest-only term, regardless of whether the loan is currently in its

interest-only period.

(5)Represents Multifamily Affordable Housing (“MAH”) loans, which are defined as financing for properties that are under an agreement that

provides long-term affordability, such as properties with rent subsidies or income restrictions. MAH loans are included within the asset

class categories referenced above.

(6)Small balance loans refer to multifamily loans with an original unpaid principal balance of up to $9 million. Small balance loans are included

within the asset class categories referenced above. We present this metric in the table based on loan count rather than unpaid principal

balance. Small balance loans comprised 10%, 11% and 11% of our multifamily guaranty book of business as of December 31, 2024, 2023

and 2022, respectively, based on unpaid principal balance of the loan.

(7)Midwest consists of IL, IN, IA, MI, MN, NE, ND, OH, SD and WI. Northeast consists of CT, DE, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, PR, RI, VT and

VI. Southeast consists of AL, DC, FL, GA, KY, MD, MS, NC, SC, TN, VA and WV. Southwest consists of AZ, AR, CO, KS, LA, MO, NM, OK,

TX and UT. West consists of AK, CA, GU, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, WA and WY.

Multifamily Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk

Overview

Lender risk-sharing is a cornerstone of our Multifamily business. We primarily transfer risk through our DUS program,

which is described under “Multifamily Primary Business Activities—Delegated Underwriting and Servicing Program.” To

complement our DUS front-end lender-risk sharing program, we also engage in back-end credit risk transfer

transactions through our MCIRT and MCAS programs.

Front-End Credit Risk Sharing

Our DUS model is designed to transfer approximately one-third of the credit risk on our multifamily loans to lenders,

either on a pro-rated or tiered basis, but the amount of credit loss shared in any given transaction may vary. Lenders

who share on a tiered basis typically absorb losses on the first 5% of the unpaid principal balance of a loan at the time

of loss settlement, and above 5% share a percentage of the loss with us, with the maximum loss capped at 20% of the

original unpaid principal balance of the loan. Among our DUS network, bank lenders tend to use pro-rated loss sharing,

as it results in more favorable regulatory capital requirements for them, while non-depository lenders vary based on

preference.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 112

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The chart below displays the percentage of credit risk retained by Fannie Mae or transferred to third parties under our

typical DUS lender risk-sharing arrangements. As of December 31, 2024, 43% of our multifamily guaranty book of

business was covered by tiered loss sharing and 56% was covered by pro-rated loss sharing. As of December 31, 2023,

42% of our multifamily guaranty book of business was covered by tiered loss sharing and 57% was covered by pro-

rated loss sharing.

Principal Types of Multifamily DUS Loss Sharing

	Tiered			100% of UPB		Pro-rated
	90%		10%			2/3	1/3
					25% of UPB
	75%	25%
					5% of UPB
	100%

Fannie Mae DUS Lender

In certain situations, lenders may assume a smaller portion of the credit risk. We establish lender-specific loss-sharing

limits for individual transactions based on loan size, lender financial performance, and lender creditworthiness, among

other factors. When loss sharing is reduced on a loan, the servicing fee paid to the lender is reduced and our guaranty

fee is increased to reflect the lower credit risk retained by the lender.

Non-DUS lenders, which represent a small portion of our multifamily guaranty book of business, typically share or

absorb losses based on a negotiated percentage of the loan or the pool balance. As a result of our lender risk-sharing

agreements, our maximum potential loss recovery from both DUS and non-DUS loans represented approximately 24%

of the unpaid principal balance of our multifamily guaranty book of business as of December 31, 2024 and December

31, 2023.

Back-End Credit Risk Sharing

Our back-end MCAS and MCIRT credit risk transfer programs transfer a portion of the credit risk associated with a

reference pool of multifamily mortgage loans to insurers, reinsurers, or investors. These credit-risk sharing transactions

were primarily designed to further reduce the capital requirements associated with loans in the reference pool, which

reflects the benefit of additional credit risk protection in the event of a stress environment. While we transfer multifamily

credit risk through front-end lender risk-sharing at the time of acquisition, our multifamily back-end credit risk transfer

activity occurs later, sometimes a year or more after acquisition.

In 2024, we entered into three new multifamily credit risk transfer transactions, transferring mortgage credit risk through

our MCIRT and MCAS programs. When engaging in multifamily credit risk transfer transactions, we consider their cost,

the resulting capital relief, and the overall credit risk appetite of the market. The cost of our credit risk transfer

transactions is impacted by macroeconomic conditions and housing market sentiment, as well as the demand and

capacity of the investors and reinsurers that support these transactions.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 113

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The table below displays the total unpaid principal balance of multifamily loans and the percentage of our multifamily

guaranty book of business, based on unpaid principal balance, that is covered by a back-end credit risk transfer

transaction. The table does not reflect front-end lender risk-sharing arrangements, as only a small portion of our

multifamily guaranty book of business is not covered by these arrangements.

Multifamily Loans in Back-End Credit Risk Transfer Transactions
	As of December 31,
		2024		2023
		Unpaid Principal Balance	Percentage of Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business	Unpaid Principal Balance	Percentage of Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business
		(Dollars in millions)
MCIRT		$101,181	20%	$89,517	19%
MCAS		56,142	11	48,476	10
Total		$157,323	31%	$137,993	29%

Multifamily Problem Loan Management

We employ proactive management and monitoring of our multifamily guaranty book, which are designed to mitigate

losses and delinquencies on our multifamily guaranty book of business.

Credit Performance Statistics on Multifamily Problem Loans

The percentage of loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business that were criticized was 7% as of both December

31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Our criticized loan population remains elevated, largely driven by properties financed

with adjustable-rate mortgages. The criticized loans category substantially consists of loans classified as “Substandard”

and also includes loans classified as “Special Mention” or “Doubtful.” Substandard loans are loans that have a well-

defined weakness that could impact their timely full repayment. While the majority of the substandard loans in our

multifamily guaranty book of business are currently making timely payments, we continue to monitor the performance of

our substandard loan population. For more information on our credit quality indicators, including our population of

substandard loans, see “Note 4, Mortgage Loans.”

Our multifamily serious delinquency rate increased to 0.57% as of December 31, 2024, compared with 0.46% as of

December 31, 2023, primarily due to a portfolio of approximately $600 million of adjustable-rate conventional loans that

became seriously delinquent in the third quarter of 2024. Approximately 21% of our seriously delinquent multifamily loan

population as of December 31, 2024 was comprised of seniors housing loans and the serious delinquency rate of our

seniors housing loans was 4.21% as of December 31, 2024. Our multifamily serious delinquency rate consists of

multifamily loans that were 60 days or more past due based on unpaid principal balance, expressed as a percentage of

our multifamily guaranty book of business.

Management monitors the multifamily serious delinquency rate as an indicator of potential future credit losses and loss

mitigation activities. Typically, higher serious delinquency rates result in a higher allowance for loan losses. Serious

delinquency rates are reflective of our performance in assessing and managing credit risk associated with multifamily

loans in our guaranty book of business. The percentage of loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business that were

180 days or more delinquent was 0.44% as of December 31, 2024 compared with 0.29% as of December 31, 2023.

In addition to the credit performance information on our multifamily loans provided in this report, we provide additional

information about the performance of our multifamily loans that back MBS and whole loan REMICs in the “Data

Collections” section of our DUS Disclose® tool, available at www.fanniemae.com/dusdisclose. Information on our

website is not incorporated into this report. Information in Data Collections may differ from similar measures presented

in our financial statements and other public disclosures for a variety of reasons, including as a result of variations in the

loan population covered, timing differences in reporting and other factors.

Multifamily REO Management

As of December 31, 2024, we held 139 multifamily REO properties with a carrying value of $638 million, compared with

61 properties with a carrying value of $378 million as of December 31, 2023. The increase in foreclosure activity was

primarily driven by properties included in a specific seniors housing portfolio that had write-offs during 2023. A majority

of properties in this portfolio have completed the foreclosure or sale process as of December 31, 2024; however, we

expect the foreclosure process to take longer for properties in the portfolio that are located in certain judicial foreclosure

states with historically long foreclosure timelines.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 114

MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management

Multifamily Credit Loss Performance Metrics

The amount of multifamily credit losses or gains we realize in a given period is driven by foreclosures, pre-foreclosure

sales, post-foreclosure REO activity and other events that trigger write-offs and recoveries. Our multifamily credit loss

performance metrics are not defined terms and may not be calculated in the same manner as similarly titled measures

reported by other companies. For the purposes of our multifamily credit loss performance metrics, credit losses or gains

represent write-offs net of recoveries and foreclosed property income or expense. We believe our multifamily credit

losses, and our multifamily credit losses net of freestanding loss-sharing arrangements, provide useful information about

our multifamily credit performance because they display our multifamily credit losses in the context of our multifamily

guaranty book of business, including changes to the benefit we expect to receive from loss-sharing arrangements.

Management views multifamily credit losses, net of freestanding loss-sharing arrangements, as a key metric related to

our multifamily business model and our strategy to share multifamily credit risk.

The table below displays the components of our multifamily credit loss performance metrics, as well as our multifamily

initial write-off severity rate and write-off loan count.

Multifamily Credit Loss Performance Metrics
	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2022
	(Dollars in millions)
Write-offs(1)	$(505)		$(401)		$(43)
Recoveries	86		59		23
Foreclosed property income (expense)	(234)		(174)		(40)
Credit gains (losses)	(653)		(516)		(60)
Change in expected benefits from freestanding loss-sharing arrangements(2)	148		41		(2)
Credit gains (losses), net of freestanding loss-sharing arrangements	$(505)		$(475)		$(62)
Credit gain (loss) ratio (in bps)(3)	(13.5)		(11.3)		(1.4)
Credit gain (loss) ratio, net of freestanding loss-sharing arrangements (in bps)(2)(3)	(10.5)		(10.4)		(1.5)
Multifamily initial write-off severity rate on liquidated loans(4)(5)	25	%	8	%	5	%
Multifamily write-off loan count on liquidated loans(6)	23		18		9

(1)Represents write-offs when a loan is determined to be uncollectible prior to a liquidation event, which includes foreclosure, a deed-in-lieu of

foreclosure or a short-sale (collectively a “liquidation event”), as well as write-offs at liquidation. Write-offs associated with non-REO sales

are net of loss sharing.

(2)Represents changes to the benefit we expect to receive only from write-offs as a result of certain freestanding loss-sharing arrangements,

primarily multifamily DUS lender risk-sharing transactions. Changes to the expected benefits we will receive are recorded in “Change in

expected credit enhancement recoveries” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

(3)Calculated based on the amount of “Credit gains (losses)” and “Credit gains (losses), net of freestanding loss-sharing arrangements,”

divided by the average multifamily guaranty book of business during the period.

(4)Rate is calculated as the initial write-off amount divided by the written-off unpaid principal balance.

(5)Based on write-offs associated with a liquidation event. The rate excludes any costs, gains or losses associated with REO after initial

acquisition through final disposition. The rate also excludes write-offs when a loan is determined to be uncollectible prior to a liquidation

event. Write-offs are net of lender loss-sharing agreements.

(6)Represents the number of loans that experienced write-offs associated with a liquidation event during the period.

Our multifamily credit losses in 2024 were primarily driven by write-offs of adjustable-rate conventional loans that

became seriously delinquent during the third quarter of 2024 as well as foreclosed property expenses. See “Multifamily

Problem Loan Management” for additional information.

Our multifamily credit losses in 2023 were primarily driven by the write-off of $300 million related to a seniors housing

portfolio as well as foreclosed property expenses.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 115

MD&A | Multifamily Business | Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management

Multifamily Maturity Information

The below table shows the contractual maturities and interest rate sensitivities of our multifamily mortgage loan portfolio

as recorded on our consolidated balance sheets. Although loans in our consolidated portfolio have varying contractual

terms, the actual life of the loans may be less than their contractual term as a result of prepayment.

Multifamily Loans: Maturities and Terms of the Consolidated Mortgage Loan Portfolio(1)
	As of December 31, 2024
		Due within 1 year	Greater than 1 year but within 5 years	Greater than 5 years but within 15 years	Greater than 15 years	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Multifamily mortgage loan portfolio:(2)
Loans held for investment:
Of Fannie Mae		$535	$1,670	$1,326	$20	$3,551
Of consolidated trusts		16,066	193,443	272,485	5,681	487,675
Total unpaid principal balance of multifamily mortgage loans		16,601	195,113	273,811	5,701	491,226
Cost basis adjustments, net						(2,531)
Total multifamily mortgage loans(2)		$16,601	$195,113	$273,811	$5,701	$488,695
Multifamily mortgage loan portfolio by interest rate sensitivity:
Fixed-rate		$14,782	$181,486	$257,732	$5,584	$459,584
Adjustable-rate		1,819	13,627	16,079	117	31,642
Total unpaid principal balance of multifamily mortgage loans		$16,601	$195,113	$273,811	$5,701	$491,226

(1)We report the scheduled repayments in the maturity category in which the payment is due, such that a loan’s balance may be presented

across multiple maturity categories.

(2)Excludes accrued interest receivable. The unpaid principal balance of multifamily loans is based on the amount of contractual unpaid

principal balance due and excludes any write-offs for amounts deemed uncollectible. Those write-offs are presented as a component of

cost basis adjustments, net.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 116

MD&A | Consolidated Credit Ratios and Select Credit Information

Consolidated Credit Ratios and Select Credit Information

The table below displays select credit ratios on our single-family conventional guaranty book of business and our

multifamily guaranty book of business, as well as the inputs used in calculating these ratios.

Consolidated Credit Ratios and Select Credit Information
	As of
	December 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Single-family		Multifamily		Consolidated Total		Single-family		Multifamily		Consolidated Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Credit loss reserves as a percentage of:
Guaranty book of business	0.15	%	0.48	%	0.19	%	0.18	%	0.44	%	0.21	%
Nonaccrual loans at amortized cost	19.95		95.27		26.43		28.50		109.21		34.51
Nonaccrual loans as a percentage of:
Guaranty book of business	0.74	%	0.50	%	0.71	%	0.65	%	0.40	%	0.62	%
Select financial information used in calculating credit ratios:
Credit loss reserves(1)	$(5,332)		$(2,398)		$(7,730)		$(6,696)		$(2,064)		$(8,760)
Guaranty book of business(2)	3,617,267		499,652		4,116,919		3,636,735		470,398		4,107,133
Nonaccrual loans at amortized cost	26,728		2,517		29,245		23,497		1,890		25,387

(1)Credit loss reserves are comprised of our allowance for loan losses, allowance for accrued interest receivable, and reserve for guaranty

losses. Reserve for guaranty losses is recorded in “Other liabilities” in our consolidated balance sheets. Our multifamily credit loss

reserves exclude the expected benefit of freestanding credit enhancements on multifamily loans of $844 million as of December 31, 2024

and $599 million as of December 31, 2023, which are recorded in “Other assets” in our consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Guaranty book of business is as of period end. For single-family, represents the conventional guaranty book of business.

Our credit loss reserves decreased as of December 31, 2024 compared with December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of

a benefit for credit losses, which reduced our allowance for loan losses, as we describe in “Consolidated Results of

Operations—Benefit (Provision) for Credit Losses.”

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 117

MD&A | Consolidated Credit Ratios and Select Credit Information

Consolidated Write-off Ratio and Select Credit Information
	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024			2023			2022
	Single- family	Multifamily	Total	Single- family	Multifamily	Total		Single- family	Multifamily	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Select credit ratio:
Write-offs, net of recoveries, as a percentage of the average guaranty book of business (in bps)	1.3	8.7	2.2	1.8	7.5	2.5		1.7	0.5	1.6
Select financial information used in calculating credit ratio:
Write-offs(1)	$728	$505	$1,233	$881	$401	$1,282		$890	$43	$933
Recoveries	(258)	(86)	(344)	(210)	(59)	(269)		(288)	(23)	(311)
Write-offs, net of recoveries	$470	$419	$889	$671	$342	$1,013		$602	$20	$622
Average guaranty book of business(2)	$3,626,208	$482,541	$4,108,749	$3,634,426	$455,137	$4,089,563		$3,585,714	$425,695	$4,011,409

(1)Represents write-offs when a loan is determined to be uncollectible. For single-family, also includes any write-offs upon the redesignation

of mortgage loans from HFI to HFS.

(2)Average guaranty book of business is based on the average of quarter-end balances.

Liquidity and Capital Management

Liquidity Management

Our business activities require that we maintain adequate liquidity to fund our operations. Our liquidity risk management

requirements are designed to address our liquidity risk, which is the risk that we will not be able to meet our obligations

when they come due, including the risk associated with the inability to access funding sources or manage fluctuations in

funding levels. Liquidity risk management involves forecasting funding requirements, maintaining sufficient funding

capacity to meet our needs based on our ongoing assessment of financial market liquidity and adhering to our

regulatory requirements.

Primary Sources and Uses of Funds

Our liquidity depends largely on our ability to issue debt in the capital markets, including both corporate debt and sales

of our MBS securities. We believe that our status as a government-sponsored enterprise and continued federal

government support are essential to maintaining our access to the debt markets. Substantially all of our sources and

uses of funds identified below are both short-term and long-term in nature.

Our primary sources of cash include:

•issuance of long-term and short-term corporate debt;

•proceeds from the sale of mortgage-related securities, mortgage loans, corporate liquidity portfolio assets, and

REO assets;

•principal and interest payments received on mortgage loans, mortgage-related securities and non-mortgage

investments we own;

•guaranty fees received on Fannie Mae MBS, including the TCCA fees collected by us on behalf of Treasury;

•payments received from mortgage insurance counterparties and other providers of credit enhancement; and

•borrowings we may make under a secured intraday funding line of credit or against mortgage-related securities

and other investment securities we hold pursuant to repurchase agreements and loan agreements.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 118

MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management

Our primary uses of funds include:

•the repayment of matured, redeemed and repurchased debt;

•the purchase of mortgage loans (including delinquent loans from MBS trusts), mortgage-related securities and

other investments;

•interest payments on outstanding debt;

•administrative expenses;

•losses, including advances for past due principal and interest, incurred in connection with our Fannie Mae MBS

guaranty obligations; 

•payments of federal income taxes;

•payments of TCCA fees to Treasury; and

•payments associated with our credit risk transfer program expenses.

Liquidity Risk Management Practices and Contingency Planning

Many factors, both internal and external to our business, could influence our debt activity, affect the amount, mix and

cost of our debt funding, reduce demand for our debt securities, increase our liquidity or roll over risk, or otherwise have

a material adverse impact on our liquidity position, including:

•changes or perceived changes in federal government support of our business or our debt securities;

•changes in or the elimination of our status as a government-sponsored enterprise;

•changes by investors in how they view our debt or regulatory changes causing our debt to no longer be

considered a high-quality liquid asset;

•actions taken by FHFA, the Federal Reserve, Treasury or other government agencies;

•legislation relating to us or our business;

•a change or perceived change in the creditworthiness of the U.S. government, due to our reliance on the U.S.

government’s support;

•a U.S. government payment default on its debt obligations;

•a downgrade in the credit ratings of our senior unsecured debt or the U.S. government’s debt from the major

ratings organizations;

•future changes or disruptions in the financial markets;

•a systemic event leading to the withdrawal of liquidity from the market;

•an extreme market-wide widening of credit spreads;

•public statements by key policy makers;

•a significant decline in our net worth;

•potential investor concerns about the adequacy of funding available to us under or about changes to the senior

preferred stock purchase agreement;

•loss of demand for our debt, or certain types of our debt, from a significant number of investors;

•a significant credit or operational (including cybersecurity) event involving us or one of our major institutional

counterparties; or

•a sudden catastrophic operational failure in the financial sector.

See “Risk Factors” for a discussion of the risks we face relating to:

•the uncertain future of our company;

•our reliance on the issuance of debt securities to obtain funds for our operations and the relative cost to obtain

these funds;

•our liquidity contingency plans;

•our credit ratings; and

•other factors that could adversely affect our ability to obtain adequate debt funding or otherwise negatively

impact our liquidity, including the factors listed above.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 119

MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management

Also see “Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements—Treasury Agreements.”

We maintain a liquidity management framework and conduct liquidity contingency planning to prepare for an event in

which our access to the unsecured debt markets becomes limited.

Our liquidity requirements established by FHFA have four components we must meet:

•a short-term cash flow metric that requires us to meet our expected cash outflows and continue to provide

liquidity to the market over a 30-day period of stress, plus an additional $10 billion buffer;

•an intermediate cash flow metric that requires us to meet our expected cash outflows and continue to provide

liquidity to the market over a 365-day period of stress;

•a specified minimum long-term debt to less-liquid asset ratio. Less-liquid assets are those that are not eligible

to be pledged as collateral to Fixed Income Clearing Corporation; and

•a requirement that we fund our assets with liabilities that have a specified minimum term relative to the term of

the assets.

As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with these requirements.

We execute operational testing of our ability to rely upon our U.S. Treasury collateral to obtain financing. We enter into

relatively small repurchase agreements to confirm that we have the operational and systems capability to do so. In

addition, we have positioned collateral in advance to clearing banks in the event we seek to enter into repurchase

agreements in the future. We do not, however, have committed repurchase agreements with specific counterparties, as

historically we have not relied on this form of funding. As a result, our use of such facilities and our ability to enter into

them in significant dollar amounts may be challenging in a stressed market environment. See “Corporate Liquidity

Portfolio” for further discussions of our alternative sources of liquidity if our access to the debt markets were to become

limited.

While our liquidity contingency planning attempts to address stressed market conditions and our status in

conservatorship, we believe accessing all liquidity sources in those plans could be difficult or impossible to execute

under stressed conditions for a company of our size in our circumstances. See “Risk Factors—Liquidity Risk” for a

description of the risks associated with our ability to fund operations and our liquidity contingency planning.

Debt Funding

We separately present the debt from consolidations (“Debt of consolidated trusts”) and the debt issued by us (“Debt of

Fannie Mae”) in our consolidated balance sheets. This discussion regarding debt funding focuses on the debt of Fannie

Mae. We primarily fund our business through MBS issuances, retained earnings, and the issuance of a variety of short-

term and long-term debt securities in the domestic and international capital markets. Accordingly, we are subject to “roll

over,” or refinancing, risk on our outstanding debt.

Our debt securities are actively traded in the over-the-counter market. We have a diversified funding base of domestic

and international investors. Purchasers of our debt securities are geographically diversified and include fund managers,

commercial banks, pension funds, insurance companies, foreign central banks, corporations, state and local

governments, and other municipal authorities. We compete for low-cost debt funding with institutions that hold mortgage

portfolios, including Freddie Mac and the FHLBs.

Our debt funding needs and debt funding activity may vary from period to period depending on market conditions,

including refinance volumes, our capital and liquidity management, and the size of our retained mortgage portfolio. See

“Retained Mortgage Portfolio” for information about our retained mortgage portfolio and limits on its size.

The unpaid principal balance of our aggregate indebtedness was $143.1 billion as of December 31, 2024. Pursuant to

the terms of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, we are prohibited from issuing debt without the prior

consent of Treasury if it would result in our aggregate indebtedness exceeding our outstanding debt limit, which is set to

$270 billion. The calculation of our indebtedness for purposes of complying with our debt limit reflects the unpaid

principal balance and excludes debt basis adjustments and debt of consolidated trusts.

Outstanding Debt

Total outstanding debt of Fannie Mae includes short-term and long-term debt and excludes debt of consolidated trusts.

Short-term debt of Fannie Mae consists of borrowings with an original contractual maturity of one year or less and,

therefore, does not include the current portion of long-term debt. Long-term debt of Fannie Mae consists of borrowings

with an original contractual maturity of greater than one year.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 120

MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management

The following chart and table display information on our outstanding short-term and long-term debt based on original

contractual maturity. Our total debt increased in 2024, primarily due to higher long-term debt issuances compared to

2023. We issued additional long-term debt to enhance our liquidity position, taking advantage of favorable market

conditions.

Debt of Fannie Mae1

(Dollars in billions)

Short-term debt

Long-term debt maturing within one year

Long-term debt, excluding portion maturing within one year

(1)Outstanding debt balance consists of the unpaid principal balance, premiums and discounts, fair value adjustments, hedge-related basis

adjustments and other cost basis adjustments. Reported amounts include net discount unamortized cost basis adjustments and fair value

adjustments of $3.7 billion and $4.0 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Selected Debt Information
	As of December 31,
	2024	2023
	(Dollars in billions)
Selected Weighted-Average Interest Rates(1)
Interest rate on short-term debt	4.33%	5.13%
Interest rate on long-term debt, including portion maturing within one year	3.30	2.63
Interest rate on callable debt	2.83	2.41
Selected Maturity Data
Weighted-average maturity of debt maturing within one year (in days)	160	135
Weighted-average maturity of debt maturing in more than one year (in months)	43	46
Other Data
Outstanding callable debt(2)	$41.0	$43.8
Connecticut Avenue Securities debt(3)	2.1	2.8

(1)Excludes the effects of fair value adjustments and hedge-related basis adjustments.

(2)Includes short-term callable debt of $95 million and $2.6 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(3)Represents CAS debt issued prior to November 2018. See “Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—

Single-Family Credit Enhancement and Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk—Credit Risk Transfer Transactions” for information regarding our

Connecticut Avenue Securities.

We intend to repay our short-term and long-term debt obligations as they become due primarily through cash from

business operations, the sale of assets in our corporate liquidity portfolio and the issuance of additional debt securities.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 121

MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management

For information on the maturity profile of our outstanding long-term debt for each of the years 2025 through 2029 and

thereafter, see “Note 8, Short-Term and Long-Term Debt.”

Debt Funding Activity

The table below displays activity in debt of Fannie Mae. This activity excludes the debt of consolidated trusts and

intraday borrowing. The reported amounts of debt issued and paid off during each period represent the face amount of

the debt at issuance and redemption.

Activity in Debt of Fannie Mae
	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2022
	(Dollars in millions)
Issued during the period:
Short-term:
Amount	$259,586	$227,787	$137,310
Weighted-average interest rate(1)	5.06%	4.86%	1.56%
Long-term:(2)
Amount	$49,422	$8,636	$1,961
Weighted-average interest rate	4.90%	5.27%	3.54%
Total issued:
Amount	$309,008	$236,423	$139,271
Weighted-average interest rate	5.03%	4.87%	1.59%
Paid off during the period:(3)
Short-term:
Amount	$265,743	$220,645	$129,877
Weighted-average interest rate(1)	4.57%	4.18%	1.26%
Long-term:(2)
Amount	$28,294	$26,918	$72,570
Weighted-average interest rate	3.09%	1.65%	1.35%
Total paid off:
Amount	$294,037	$247,563	$202,447
Weighted-average interest rate	4.43%	3.91%	1.29%

(1)Includes interest generated from negative interest rates on certain repurchase agreements, which offset our short-term funding costs.

(2)Includes credit risk-sharing securities issued as CAS debt prior to November 2018. For information on our credit risk transfer transactions,

see “Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Single-Family Credit Enhancement and Transfer of

Mortgage Credit Risk—Credit Risk Transfer Transactions.”

(3)Consists of all payments on debt, including regularly scheduled principal payments, payments at maturity, payments resulting from calls

and payments for any other repurchases. Repurchases of debt and early retirements of zero-coupon debt are reported at original face

value, which does not equal the amount of actual cash payment.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 122

MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management

Corporate Liquidity Portfolio

The chart below displays information on the composition of our corporate liquidity portfolio. The balance and

composition of our corporate liquidity portfolio fluctuates as a result of changes in our cash flows, liquidity in the fixed-

income markets, and our liquidity risk management framework and practices. Our corporate liquidity portfolio increased

in 2024, primarily due to investing the proceeds of debt issued during the second half of 2024 in U.S. Treasury

securities.

Corporate Liquidity Portfolio

(Dollars in billions)

(1)Cash equivalents are composed of overnight reverse repurchase agreements and U.S. Treasuries that have a maturity at the date of

acquisition of three months or less.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We enter into certain business arrangements to facilitate our statutory purpose of providing liquidity to the secondary

mortgage market and to reduce our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. Some of these arrangements are not

recorded in our consolidated balance sheets or may be recorded in amounts different from the full contract or notional

amount of the transaction, depending on the nature or structure of, and the accounting required to be applied to, the

arrangement. These arrangements are commonly referred to as “off-balance sheet arrangements” and expose us to

potential losses in excess of the amounts recorded in our consolidated balance sheets.

Our off-balance sheet arrangements result primarily from the following:

•our guaranty of mortgage loan securitization and resecuritization transactions over which we have no control,

which are reflected in our unconsolidated Fannie Mae MBS net of any beneficial ownership interest we retain,

and other financial guarantees that we do not control;

•liquidity support transactions; and

•partnership interests.

The total amount of our off-balance sheet exposure related to unconsolidated Fannie Mae MBS net of any beneficial

interest that we retain, and other financial guarantees was $211.5 billion as of December 31, 2024 and $227.5 billion as

of December 31, 2023. The majority of the other financial guarantees consists of Freddie Mac securities backing Fannie

Mae structured securities. See “Guaranty Book of Business” and “Note 7, Financial Guarantees” for more information

regarding our maximum exposure to loss on unconsolidated Fannie Mae MBS and Freddie Mac securities.

Our total outstanding liquidity commitments to advance funds for securities backed by multifamily housing revenue

bonds totaled $4.3 billion as of December 31, 2024 and $4.5 billion as of December 31, 2023. These commitments

require us to advance funds to third parties that enable them to repurchase tendered bonds or securities that are unable

to be remarketed.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 123

MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management

We have investments in various limited partnerships and similar legal entities, which consist of LIHTC investments,

community investments and investments in other entities. When we do not have a controlling financial interest in those

entities, our consolidated balance sheets reflect only our investment rather than the full amount of the partnership’s

assets and liabilities. See “Note 3, Consolidations and Transfers of Financial Assets—Unconsolidated VIEs” for

information regarding our investments in limited partnerships and similar legal entities.

Equity Funding

At this time, as a result of the covenants under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, Treasury’s ownership of

the warrant to purchase up to 79.9% of the total shares of our common stock outstanding and the uncertainty regarding

our future, we do not have access to equity funding except through draws under the senior preferred stock purchase

agreement. For a description of the funding available and the covenants under the senior preferred stock purchase

agreement, see “Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements—Treasury Agreements.”

Contractual Obligations

We have contractual obligations that affect our liquidity and capital resource requirements. These contractual obligations

primarily consist of debt obligations (and associated interest payment obligations) and mortgage purchase commitments

recognized on our consolidated balance sheet.

•For information about the amounts, maturities and contractual interest rates of our obligations related to debt,

see “Note 8, Short-Term and Long-Term Debt.”

•For information about our mortgage purchase commitments, leases and other purchase obligations, see “Note

17, Commitments and Contingencies.”

Our contractual obligations also include $2.3 billion in cash received as collateral, unrecognized tax benefits, and future

cash payments due under our unconditional and legally binding obligations to fund LIHTC partnership investments and

other partnerships. These amounts are recognized on our consolidated balance sheets under “Other liabilities.”

In addition, our short- and long-term liquidity and capital resource needs may be affected by our contractual obligations

to make the payments listed below. The amounts of these payments are uncertain and will depend on future events:

•payments on our obligations to stand ready to perform under our guarantees relating to Fannie Mae MBS and

other financial guarantees, including Fannie Mae commingled structured securities. The amount and timing of

payments under these arrangements are generally contingent upon the occurrence of future events. For a

description of the amount of our on- and off-balance sheet Fannie Mae MBS and other financial guarantees as

of December 31, 2024, see “Guaranty Book of Business” and “Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements;”

•payments associated with our CIRT, CAS REMIC, MCAS, and Connecticut Avenue Securities Credit-Linked

Notes transactions, the amount and timing of which are contingent upon the occurrence of future credit and

prepayment events for the related reference pool of mortgage loans. For more information on these

transactions, see “Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Single-Family

Credit Enhancement and Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk—Credit Risk Transfer Transactions” and “Multifamily

Business—Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Multifamily Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk;” and

•payments related to our interest-rate risk management derivatives that may require cash settlement in future

periods, the amount and timing of which depend on changes in interest rates. For more information on these

transactions, see “Note 9, Derivative Instruments.”

Credit Ratings

Our credit ratings from the major credit ratings organizations, as well as the credit ratings of the U.S. government, are

primary factors that could affect our ability to access the capital markets and our cost of funds. In addition, our credit

ratings are important when we seek to engage in certain long-term transactions, such as derivative transactions. S&P,

Moody’s and Fitch have all indicated that, if they were to lower the sovereign credit ratings on the U.S., they would likely

lower their ratings on the debt of Fannie Mae and certain other government-related entities. In addition, actions by

governmental entities impacting Treasury’s support for our business or our debt securities could adversely affect the

credit ratings of our senior unsecured debt. See “Risk Factors—Liquidity Risk” for a discussion of the risks to our

business relating to a decrease in our credit ratings.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 124

MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management

The table below displays the credit ratings issued by the three major credit rating agencies.

Fannie Mae Credit Ratings
	As of December 31, 2024
	S&P	Moody’s	Fitch
Long-term senior debt	AA+	Aaa	AA+
Short-term senior debt	A-1+	P-1	F1+
Preferred stock	D	Ca(hyb)	C/RR6
Outlook	Stable	Negative	Stable

Cash Flows

Year Ended December 31, 2024. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents increased from

$68.7 billion as of December 31, 2023 to $78.8 billion as of December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by

cash inflows from (1) proceeds from repayments of loans, (2) the sale of Fannie Mae MBS to third parties, (3) issuances

of funding debt, which outpaced redemptions, and (4) investments in securities purchased under agreements to resell.

Partially offsetting these cash inflows were cash outflows primarily from (1) payments on outstanding debt of

consolidated trusts, (2) purchases of loans acquired as held for investment, and (3) advances to lenders.

Year Ended December 31, 2023. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents decreased from

$87.8 billion as of December 31, 2022 to $68.7 billion as of December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by

cash outflows from (1) payments on outstanding debt of consolidated trusts, (2) purchases of loans acquired as held for

investment, and (3) advances to lenders.

Partially offsetting these cash outflows were cash inflows primarily from (1) proceeds from repayments of loans and (2)

the sale of Fannie Mae MBS to third parties.

Capital Management

Capital Requirements

For a description of our capital requirements under the enterprise regulatory capital framework, see “Business—

Legislation and Regulation—Capital Requirements.” Although the enterprise regulatory capital framework went into

effect in February 2021, we are not required to hold capital according to the framework’s requirements until the date of

termination of our conservatorship, or such later date as may be ordered by FHFA.

The table below sets forth information about our capital requirements under the standardized approach of the enterprise

regulatory capital framework. Available capital for purposes of the enterprise regulatory capital framework excludes the

stated value of the senior preferred stock ($120.8 billion) and other amounts specified in the Regulatory Capital

Components table below. Because of these exclusions, we had a deficit in available capital as of December 31, 2024

even though we had positive net worth under GAAP of $94.7 billion as of December 31, 2024.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 125

MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management

As of December 31, 2024, we had a $227 billion shortfall to our risk-based adjusted total capital requirement, including

buffers, of $190 billion, as we had an available capital deficit of $37 billion. Our capital shortfall as of December 31,

2024 to our minimum risk-based adjusted total capital requirement excluding buffers was $146 billion. From December

31, 2023 to December 31, 2024, our capital shortfall including buffers declined by $16 billion and our capital shortfall

excluding buffers declined by $18 billion. These declines were primarily driven by the increase in our retained earnings

during 2024 and the impact of the amendments to the enterprise regulatory capital framework that became effective in

April 2024.

Capital Metrics under the Enterprise Regulatory Capital Framework as of December 31, 2024(1)
(Dollars in billions)
				Stress capital buffer				$33
				Stability capital buffer				48
Adjusted total assets		$4,460		Countercyclical capital buffer				—
Risk-weighted assets		1,364		Prescribed capital conservation buffer amount				$81
		Minimum Capital Ratio Requirement	Minimum Capital Requirement	Available Capital (Deficit)	Capital Shortfall (without Buffers)(2)	Applicable Buffers(3)	Total Capital Requirement (including Buffers)	Capital Shortfall (including Buffers)(4)
Risk-based capital:
	Total capital (statutory)	8.0%	$109	$(18)	$(127)	N/A	$109	$(127)
	Common equity tier 1 capital	4.5	61	(56)	(117)	$81	142	(198)
	Tier 1 capital	6.0	82	(37)	(119)	81	163	(200)
	Adjusted total capital	8.0	109	(37)	(146)	81	190	(227)
Leverage capital:
	Core capital (statutory)	2.5	111	(26)	(137)	N/A	111	(137)
	Tier 1 capital	2.5	111	(37)	(148)	24	135	(172)

Capital Metrics under the Enterprise Regulatory Capital Framework as of December 31, 2023(1)
(Dollars in billions)
				Stress capital buffer				$34
				Stability capital buffer				45
Adjusted total assets		$4,552		Countercyclical capital buffer				—
Risk-weighted assets		1,357		Prescribed capital conservation buffer amount				$79
		Minimum Capital Ratio Requirement	Minimum Capital Requirement	Available Capital (Deficit)	Capital Shortfall (without Buffers)(2)	Applicable Buffers(3)	Total Capital Requirement (including Buffers)	Capital Shortfall (including Buffers)(4)
Risk-based capital:
	Total capital (statutory)	8.0%	$109	$(34)	$(143)	N/A	$109	$(143)
	Common equity tier 1 capital	4.5	61	(74)	(135)	$79	140	(214)
	Tier 1 capital	6.0	81	(55)	(136)	79	160	(215)
	Adjusted total capital	8.0	109	(55)	(164)	79	188	(243)
Leverage capital:
	Core capital (statutory)	2.5	114	(43)	(157)	N/A	114	(157)
	Tier 1 capital	2.5	114	(55)	(169)	23	137	(192)

(1)Ratios are calculated as a percentage of risk-weighted assets for risk-based capital metrics and as a percentage of adjusted total assets

for leverage capital metrics.

(2)The capital shortfall in this column is the difference between the capital requirement (excluding buffers) and the available capital deficit.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 126

MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management

(3)PCCBA for risk-based capital and PLBA for leverage capital.

(4)The capital shortfall in this column is the difference between the capital requirement (including buffers) and the available capital deficit.

While it is not applicable until the date of termination of our conservatorship, our maximum payout ratio represents the

percentage of eligible retained income that we are permitted to pay out in the form of distributions or discretionary bonus

payments under the enterprise regulatory capital framework. As a result of our capital shortfall, our maximum payout

ratio under the enterprise regulatory capital framework as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was 0%. See

“Note 13, Regulatory Capital Requirements” for information on our capital ratios as of December 31, 2024 and

December 31, 2023 under the enterprise regulatory capital framework.

The table below presents certain components of our regulatory capital.

Regulatory Capital Components
		As of December 31,
		2024	2023
		(Dollars in millions)
Total equity		$94,657	$77,682
Less:
	Senior preferred stock	120,836	120,836
	Preferred stock	19,130	19,130
Common equity		(45,309)	(62,284)
	Less: deferred tax assets arising from temporary differences that exceed 10% of common equity tier 1 capital and other regulatory adjustments	10,545	11,681
Common equity tier 1 capital (deficit)		(55,854)	(73,965)
	Add: perpetual, noncumulative preferred stock	19,130	19,130
Tier 1 capital (deficit)		(36,724)	(54,835)
Tier 2 capital adjustments		—	—
Adjusted total capital (deficit)		$(36,724)	$(54,835)

The table below presents certain components of our core capital.

Statutory Capital Components
		As of December 31,
		2024	2023
		(Dollars in millions)
Total equity		$94,657	$77,682
Less:
	Senior preferred stock	120,836	120,836
	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes	29	32
Core capital (deficit)		(26,208)	(43,186)
	Less: general allowance for foreclosure losses	(7,876)	(8,934)
Total capital (deficit)		$(18,332)	$(34,252)

Capital Activity

Under the terms governing the senior preferred stock, no dividends were payable to Treasury for the fourth quarter of

2024 and none are payable for the first quarter of 2025.

Under the terms governing the senior preferred stock, through and including the capital reserve end date, any increase

in our net worth during a fiscal quarter results in an increase in the same amount of the aggregate liquidation preference

of the senior preferred stock in the following quarter. The capital reserve end date is defined as the last day of the

second consecutive fiscal quarter during which we have had and maintained capital equal to, or in excess of, all of the

capital requirements and buffers under the enterprise regulatory capital framework.

As a result of these terms governing the senior preferred stock, the aggregate liquidation preference of the senior

preferred stock increased to $212.0 billion as of December 31, 2024 due to the $4.0 billion increase in our net worth in

the third quarter of 2024. The aggregate liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock will further increase to

$216.1 billion as of March 31, 2025, due to the $4.1 billion increase in our net worth in the fourth quarter of 2024. See

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MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management

“Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements—Treasury Agreements” for more information on the terms of

our senior preferred stock, including how the aggregate liquidation preference is determined.

Treasury Funding Commitment

Treasury made a commitment under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement to provide funding to us under

certain circumstances if we have a net worth deficit. As of December 31, 2024, the remaining amount of Treasury’s

funding commitment to us was $113.9 billion. See “Note 2, Conservatorship, Senior Preferred Stock Purchase

Agreement and Related Matters” for more information on Treasury’s funding commitment under the senior preferred

stock purchase agreement.

Risk Management

Overview

We manage the risks that arise from our business activities through our enterprise risk management program. Our risk

management activities are aligned with the requirements of FHFA’s Enterprise Risk Management Program Advisory

Bulletin, which are consistent with the general principles set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the

Treadway Commission’s (“COSO”) Enterprise Risk Management—Integrating with Strategy and Performance

framework.

Risk Categories

We are exposed to the following principal risk categories:

•Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from another party’s failure to meet its contractual obligations.

For financial securities or instruments, credit risk is the risk of not receiving principal, interest or other financial

obligation on a timely basis. Our credit risk exposure exists primarily in connection with our guaranty book of

business and our institutional counterparties.

•Market Risk. Market risk is the risk of loss resulting from changes in the economic environment. Market risk

arises from fluctuations in interest rates, exchange rates and other market rates and prices. Market risk

includes interest-rate risk, which is the risk that movements in interest rates will adversely affect the value of

our assets or liabilities or our future earnings or capital. Market risk also includes spread risk, which is the risk

from changes in an instrument’s value that relate to factors other than changes in interest rates.

•Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk is the risk to our financial condition and resilience arising from an inability to meet

obligations when they come due, including the risk associated with the inability to access funding sources or

manage fluctuations in funding levels.

•Operational Risk. Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes,

people, systems, and third parties, or disruptions from external events. Operational risk includes cyber and

other information security risk.

•Model Risk. Model risk is the risk of potential adverse consequences (such as financial loss or reputational

damage) due to: inappropriate model design; errors in model coding, implementation, inputs or assumptions;

inadequate model performance; or incorrect use or application of model outputs or reports.

•Strategic Risk. Strategic risk is the risk of loss resulting from poor implementation of business decisions or the

failure to respond appropriately to changes in the industry or external environment.

•Compliance Risk. Compliance risk is the risk of legal or regulatory sanctions, damage to current or projected

financial condition, damage to business resilience or damage to reputation resulting from nonconformance with

compliance obligations.

•Reputational Risk. Reputational risk is the risk that substantial negative publicity may cause a decline in public

perception of us, a decline in our customer base, costly litigation, revenue reductions or losses.

We are also exposed to climate risk. We view climate risk as a cross-cutting risk that can impact a variety of our existing

risk categories, particularly credit risk. See “Climate and Natural Disaster Risk Management” for a discussion of climate

risks and climate risk management.

See “Risk Factors” for a more detailed discussion of these and other risks that could materially adversely affect our

business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and net worth. The following discussion, as well as the

“Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management,” “Multifamily Business—Multifamily

Mortgage Credit Risk Management” and “Liquidity and Capital Management” sections of this report, address how we

manage the categories of risk we have determined present the most significant exposure.

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MD&A | Risk Management

Components of Risk Management

Our risk management program is composed of four inter-related components.

•Governance & Organizational Structure. Our risk governance structure establishes authority, responsibility

and accountability for risk management, which we conduct through a variety of controls designed to act in

concert, including delegations of authority, risk committees, risk policies, risk appetite and risk limits.

•Risk Appetite Framework. We manage and govern our risk-taking activities through a risk appetite and limits

framework that is aligned to our corporate strategy and defines boundaries across businesses and risk types.

•Risk Identification, Assessment, Control & Monitoring. We identify, assess, respond to, control, and

monitor risks generated in the pursuit of our strategy and objectives. Performing these activities across the

company allows us to address risks arising from different sources and tailor appropriate responses.

•Reporting & Communication Processes. We identify, capture and communicate relevant information so that

stakeholders can carry out their responsibilities and make sound and informed risk management decisions.

Risk Management Governance

We manage risk by using the “three lines model.” Our Board of Directors and management-level risk committees are

also integral to our risk management program.

Board of Directors

•Oversees our enterprise risk management program and its alignment with our strategy and business objectives

•Approves Board-level risk policies, risk appetite and risk limits

•Delegates authorities to the President and CEO and Enterprise Risk Committee

•Certain activities require conservator decision or notification

Risk Policy & Capital Committee

•Assists the Board in overseeing enterprise risk management and recommends for Board approval Board-level

risk policies, risk appetite and limits

Audit Committee

•Oversees our accounting, reporting, and financial practices, including the integrity of our financial statements

and internal control over financial reporting, as well as our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements

Management-Level Risk Committees

•Consist of an Enterprise Risk Committee chaired by our Chief Risk Officer and additional committees

overseeing risk across the company

•Include members of management from the first, second and third line functions

•Approve management-level policies, establish risk parameters, and recommend risk policies

•Provide a cross-functional forum for discussing and documenting risks and responses

•Review decisions on matters that may expose our enterprise to significant, new or unusual risk

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MD&A | Risk Management

Business Units & Corporate Functions (First Line)

•Accountable for identifying, assessing, controlling, monitoring and reporting on all risks in executing their

functions and operating in a sound control environment

•Conform to the risk appetite, policies, standards, and limits or thresholds approved by FHFA, the Board and the

relevant management-level risk committees

•Includes control functions that provide control and oversight

Corporate Risk & Compliance Division (Second Line)

•Oversees all first-line activities to create an aggregate view of the company’s financial and non-financial risks

relative to risk appetite

•Second-line functions are independent and report directly to the Board of Directors and President and CEO

Internal Audit (Third Line)

•An independent, objective assurance and advisory function

•Provides an independent evaluation of the effectiveness of internal controls, risk management, and governance

Credit Risk Management Overview

Below we discuss how we manage mortgage credit risk, institutional counterparty credit risk, and climate and natural

disaster risk.

Mortgage Credit Risk Management

Mortgage credit risk arises from the risk of loss resulting from the failure of a borrower to make required mortgage

payments. We are exposed to credit risk on our book of business because we either hold mortgage assets, have issued

a guaranty in connection with the creation of Fannie Mae MBS backed by mortgage assets or have provided other credit

enhancements on mortgage assets. For information on how we manage mortgage credit risk, see “Single-Family

Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management” and “Multifamily Business—Multifamily Mortgage Credit

Risk Management.”

Institutional Counterparty Credit Risk Management

Overview

Institutional counterparty credit risk is the risk of loss resulting from the failure of an institutional counterparty to fulfill its

contractual obligations to us. Our primary exposure to institutional counterparty credit risk exists with our:

•credit guarantors, including mortgage insurers, reinsurers and multifamily lenders with risk sharing

arrangements;

•mortgage lenders that sell loans to us and mortgage lenders and other counterparties that service our loans;

and

•financial institutions that issue the investments held in our corporate liquidity portfolio.

We also have direct counterparty exposure to: derivatives counterparties, custodial depository institutions; mortgage

originators, investors and dealers; debt security dealers; central counterparty clearing institutions; and document

custodians.

We routinely enter into a high volume of transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry resulting in a

significant credit concentration with respect to this industry. We also may have multiple exposures to particular

counterparties, as many of our institutional counterparties perform several types of services for us. Accordingly, if one of

these counterparties were to become insolvent or otherwise default on its obligations to us, it could harm our business

and financial results in a variety of ways. Our overall objective in managing institutional counterparty credit risk is to

maintain individual and portfolio-level counterparty exposures within acceptable ranges based on our risk-based rating

system. We seek to achieve this objective through the following:

•establishment and observance of counterparty eligibility standards appropriate to each exposure type and level;

•establishment of risk limits;

•requiring collateralization of exposures where appropriate; and

•exposure monitoring and management.

See “Risk Factors—Credit Risk” for additional discussion of the risks to our business if one or more of our institutional

counterparties fails to fulfill their contractual obligations to us.

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MD&A | Risk Management | Institutional Counterparty Credit Risk Management

Counterparty Risk Management Framework

Establishment and Observance of Counterparty Eligibility Standards

The institutions with which we do business vary in size, complexity and geographic footprint. Because of this,

counterparty eligibility criteria vary depending upon the type and magnitude of the risk exposure incurred. We use a risk-

based approach to assess the credit risk of our counterparties through regular examination of their financial statements,

confidential communication with the management of those counterparties and regular monitoring of publicly available

credit rating information. This and other information is used to develop proprietary credit rating metrics that we use to

assess credit quality. Factors including corporate or third-party support or guarantees, our knowledge of the

counterparty and its management, reputation, quality of operations and experience are also important in determining the

initial and continuing eligibility of a counterparty.

Establishment of Risk Limits

Institutions are assigned a risk limit to ensure that our risk exposure is maintained at a level appropriate for the

institution’s credit assessment and the time horizon for the exposure, as well as to diversify exposure so that we

adequately manage our concentration risk. A corporate risk limit is first established at the counterparty level for the

aggregate of all activity and then is divided among our individual business units. Our business units may further

subdivide limits among products or activities.

Collateralization of Exposures

We may require collateral, letters of credit or investment agreements as a condition to approving exposure to a

counterparty. Collateral requirements are determined after a comprehensive review of the credit quality and the level of

risk exposure of each counterparty. We may require that a counterparty post collateral in the event of an adverse event

such as a ratings downgrade. Collateral requirements are monitored and generally adjusted each business day.

Exposure Monitoring and Management

The risk management functions of the individual business units are responsible for managing the counterparty

exposures associated with their activities within risk limits. An oversight team that reports to our Chief Risk Officer is

responsible for establishing and enforcing corporate policies and procedures regarding counterparties, establishing

corporate limits and aggregating and reporting institutional counterparty exposure. We regularly update exposure limits

for individual institutions and communicate changes to the relevant business units. We regularly report exposures

against the risk limits to the Risk Policy and Capital Committee of the Board of Directors.

Mortgage Insurers

We are generally required, pursuant to our charter, to obtain credit enhancements on single-family conventional

mortgage loans that we purchase or securitize with LTV ratios over 80% at the time of purchase. We use several types

of credit enhancements to manage our single-family mortgage credit risk, including primary and pool mortgage

insurance coverage. Our primary exposure associated with mortgage insurers is that they will fail to fulfill their

obligations to reimburse us for claims under our insurance policies.

Actions we take to manage this risk include:

•maintaining financial and operational eligibility requirements that an insurer must meet to become and remain a

qualified mortgage insurer;

•regularly monitoring our exposure to individual mortgage insurers and mortgage insurer credit ratings, including

in-depth financial reviews and analyses of the insurers’ portfolios and capital adequacy under hypothetical

stress scenarios;

•requiring certification and supporting documentation annually from each mortgage insurer; and

•performing periodic reviews of mortgage insurers to confirm compliance with eligibility requirements and to

evaluate their management, control and underwriting practices.

The master policies issued by our primary mortgage insurers govern their claim-paying obligations to us, including

circumstances in which significant underwriting or servicing defects might permit the mortgage insurer to rescind

coverage or deny a claim. Where a claim has not been properly paid as a result of lender non-compliance with their

obligation to maintain coverage, the lender is required to make us whole for losses not covered by the insurer. The risk

of coverage rescission is mitigated by the rescission relief principles we require in mortgage insurer master policies, and

may also be mitigated by the quality control standards required by our private mortgage insurer eligibility requirements

(“PMIERs”). Generally, the rescission relief principles align with our representation and warranty framework and require

our primary mortgage insurers to waive their rescission rights after a mortgage has performed for at least 36 months or

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MD&A | Risk Management | Institutional Counterparty Credit Risk Management

if they have completed a full review of the loan and found no significant defects. See below for a discussion of the

PMIERs.

In describing our mortgage insurance coverage, “insurance in force” refers to the unpaid principal balance of single-

family loans in our conventional guaranty book of business covered under the applicable mortgage insurance policies.

Our total mortgage insurance in force was $753.5 billion, or 21% of our single-family conventional guaranty book of

business, as of December 31, 2024, compared with $755.8 billion, or 21% of our single-family conventional guaranty

book of business, as of December 31, 2023.

“Risk in force” refers to the maximum potential loss recovery under the applicable mortgage insurance policies in force

and is generally based on the loan-level insurance coverage percentage and, if applicable, any aggregate pool loss

limit, as specified in the policy. As of December 31, 2024, our total mortgage insurance risk in force was $202.3 billion,

or 6% of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business, compared with $200.1 billion, or 6% of our single-

family conventional guaranty book of business, as of December 31, 2023.

Our total mortgage insurance in force and risk in force excludes insurance coverage provided by federal government

entities and credit insurance obtained through CIRT deals.

The charts below display our mortgage insurer counterparties that provided 10% or more of the risk-in-force mortgage

insurance coverage on the loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business.

Mortgage Insurer Concentration(1)

Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corp.	Radian Guaranty, Inc.	Arch Capital Group Ltd.
Enact Mortgage Insurance Corp.	Essent Guaranty, Inc.	National Mortgage Insurance Corp.

(1)Insurance coverage amounts provided for each counterparty may include coverage provided by affiliates and subsidiaries of the

counterparty.

Mortgage insurers must meet and maintain compliance with PMIERs to be eligible to write mortgage insurance on loans

acquired by Fannie Mae. The PMIERs are designed to ensure that mortgage insurers have sufficient liquid assets to

pay all claims under a hypothetical future stress scenario. In August 2024, FHFA announced that Fannie Mae and

Freddie Mac are issuing updates to the PMIERs, which are the financial and operational standards that private

mortgage insurance companies must meet to provide insurance on the mortgage loans that we and Freddie Mac

acquire. The updated standards primarily are designed to address the risk associated with the quality of a mortgage

insurer’s investment portfolio and the potential for that portfolio to lose value. FHFA stated that the updated standards

will improve Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac’s counterparty risk management and better prepare them to withstand a

future stress situation while fulfilling their mission to serve as a reliable source of liquidity for equitable and sustainable

housing finance throughout the economic cycle. The updated standards are expected to be implemented through a 24-

month phased-in approach, with a fully effective date of September 30, 2026.

Mortgage insurance only covers losses that are realized after the borrower defaults and title to the property is

subsequently transferred, such as after a foreclosure, short-sale, or a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. Also, mortgage

insurance does not protect us from all losses on covered loans. For example, mortgage insurance is not intended to

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MD&A | Risk Management | Institutional Counterparty Credit Risk Management

cover property damage from hazards, including natural disasters; and the mortgage insurance policy permits the

exclusion of any material loss directly related to property damage.

We require single-family and multifamily borrowers to obtain and maintain property insurance to cover the risk of

damage to their homes or properties resulting from hazards such as fire, wind and, for properties in areas identified by

FEMA as Special Flood Hazard Areas, flooding. Since we generally permit borrowers to select and obtain required

hazard insurance policies, our requirements for hazard insurance coverage are verified by the lender or servicer, as

applicable. For single-family loans, we require a minimum financial strength rating for non-governmental hazard insurers

that must be provided by S&P Global, Demotech, AM Best or KBRA. For multifamily loans, we require a minimum

financial strength rating for non-governmental hazard insurers that must be provided by Demotech or AM Best. We do

not independently verify the financial condition of these hazard insurers and rely on these rating agencies for their

assessment of the financial condition of these insurers.

See “Risk Factors—Credit Risk” for a discussion of the risks to our business of claims under our mortgage insurance

policies not being paid in full or at all, as well as a discussion of risks if borrowers suffer property damage as a result of

hazards for which the borrowers have no or insufficient insurance.

Reinsurers

We use CIRT deals to transfer credit risk on a pool of loans to an insurance provider that retains the risk, or to an

insurance provider that simultaneously cedes all of its risk to one or more reinsurers. In CIRT transactions, we select the

insurance providers and approve the allocation of coverage that may be simultaneously transferred to reinsurers by a

direct provider of our CIRT insurance coverage. We take certain steps to increase the likelihood that we will recover on

the claims we file with the insurers, including the following:

•In our approval and selection of CIRT insurers and reinsurers, we take into account the financial strength of

those companies and the concentration risk that we have with those counterparties.

•We monitor the financial strength of CIRT insurers and reinsurers to confirm compliance with our requirements

and to minimize potential exposure. Changes in the financial strength of an insurer or reinsurer may impact our

future allocation of new CIRT insurance coverage to those providers. In addition, a material deterioration of the

financial strength of a CIRT insurer or reinsurer may permit us to terminate existing CIRT coverage pursuant to

terms of the CIRT insurance policy.

•We require a portion of the insurers’ or reinsurers’ obligations in a CIRT transaction to be collateralized with

highly-rated liquid assets held in a trust account. The required amount of collateral is initially determined

according to the ratings of the insurer or reinsurer. Contractual provisions require additional collateral to be

posted in the event of adverse developments with the counterparty, such as a ratings downgrade to specified

levels.

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The charts below display the concentration of our credit risk exposure to our top five CIRT counterparties, measured by

maximum liability to us, excluding the benefit of collateral we hold to secure the counterparties’ obligations. For

purposes of determining our top five CIRT counterparties, we separately consider affiliated entities and do not combine

their concentrations.

CIRT Counterparty Concentration

Top 5 Others

•As of December 31, 2024, our CIRT counterparties had a maximum liability to us of $17.5 billion.

•As of December 31, 2024, $4.8 billion in liquid assets securing CIRT counterparties’ obligations were held in

trust accounts.

•Our top five CIRT counterparties had a maximum liability to us of $8.5 billion as of December 31, 2024 and

$8.6 billion as of December 31, 2023.

For information on our credit risk transfer transactions, see “Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit

Risk Management—Single-Family Credit Enhancement and Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk—Credit Risk Transfer

Transactions” and “Multifamily Business—Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Multifamily Transfer of

Mortgage Credit Risk.”

Multifamily Lenders with Risk Sharing

We enter into risk sharing agreements with multifamily lenders, primarily through the DUS program, pursuant to which

the lenders agree to bear a portion of the credit losses on the covered loans. Our maximum potential loss recovery from

lenders under risk sharing agreements on multifamily loans was $119.8 billion as of December 31, 2024, compared with

$111.9 billion as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, 52% of our maximum

potential loss recovery on multifamily loans was from five DUS lenders.

As noted above in “Multifamily Business—Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Multifamily Transfer of

Mortgage Credit Risk,” our primary multifamily delivery channel is our DUS program, which is composed of lenders that

range from large depositories to independent non-bank financial institutions. As of December 31, 2024, approximately

30% of the unpaid principal balance of loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business serviced by our DUS lenders

was from institutions with an external investment grade credit rating or a guaranty from an affiliate with an external

investment grade credit rating, compared with approximately 31% as of December 31, 2023. Given the recourse nature

of the DUS program, DUS lenders are bound by eligibility standards that dictate, among other items, minimum capital

and liquidity levels, and the posting of collateral at a highly rated custodian to secure a portion of the lenders’ future

obligations. We actively monitor the financial condition of these lenders to help ensure the level of risk remains within

our standards and to ensure required capital levels are maintained and are in alignment with actual and modeled loss

projections.

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Mortgage Servicers and Sellers

The primary risk associated with mortgage servicers that service the loans in our guaranty book of business is that they

will fail to fulfill their servicing obligations. See “Single-Family Business—Single-Family Primary Business Activities—

Single-Family Mortgage Servicing” and “Multifamily Business—Multifamily Primary Business Activities—Multifamily

Mortgage Servicing” for more discussion on the services performed by our mortgage servicers.

A servicing contract breach could result in credit losses for us or could cause us to incur the cost of finding a

replacement servicer. Replacing a mortgage servicer can result in potentially significant increases in our costs, as well

as increased operational risks. If a mortgage servicer fails, it could result in a temporary disruption in servicing and loss

mitigation activities relating to the loans serviced by that mortgage servicer, particularly if there is a loss of experienced

servicing personnel. See “Risk Factors—Credit Risk” for a discussion of additional risks to our business and financial

results associated with mortgage servicers.

We mitigate these risks in several ways, including by:

•establishing minimum standards and financial requirements for our servicers;

•monitoring financial and portfolio performance as compared with peers and internal benchmarks;

•for our largest mortgage servicers, conducting periodic financial reviews to confirm compliance with servicing

guidelines and servicing performance expectations; and

•identifying a group of servicers as potential contingency sub-servicers to which we could transfer the servicing

of some of the loans in our guaranty book in the event one or more of our top mortgage servicers is not able or

permitted to continue servicing our loans on our behalf.

We may take one or more of the following actions to mitigate our credit exposure to mortgage servicers that present a

higher risk:

•require a guaranty of obligations by higher-rated entities;

•transfer exposure to third parties;

•require collateral;

•establish more stringent financial requirements;

•work with underperforming major servicers to improve operational processes; and

•suspend or terminate the selling and servicing relationship if deemed appropriate.

As of December 31, 2024, over half of our single-family guaranty book and over half of our multifamily guaranty book

were serviced by non-depository servicers. Compared with depository financial institutions, these institutions pose

additional risks to us because they generally have lower financial strength and liquidity as compared with our mortgage

servicer counterparties that are depository institutions. Unlike for depository servicers, much of the capital of non-

depository servicers is represented by the value of mortgage servicing rights, which is subject to variability based on

market conditions and therefore is an important factor in determining capital adequacy. Non-depository servicers also

are generally not subject to the same level of regulatory oversight as our mortgage servicer counterparties that are

depository institutions. We require non-depository servicers to meet minimum liquidity requirements to maintain

eligibility with Fannie Mae. We actively monitor the financial condition and capital adequacy of non-depository servicers,

including their compliance with our requirements.

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The charts below display the percentage of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business serviced by our

top five depository single-family mortgage servicers and top five non-depository single-family mortgage servicers.

Single-Family Mortgage Servicer Concentration

Top 5 depository servicers Top 5 non-depository servicers Others

None of our single-family mortgage servicers serviced 10% or more of our single-family conventional guaranty book of

business as of December 31, 2024 or 2023. See “Risk Factors—Credit Risk” for more information about risks relating to

non-depository servicers.

The charts below display the percentage of our multifamily guaranty book of business serviced by our top five

depository multifamily mortgage servicers and top five non-depository multifamily mortgage servicers.

Multifamily Mortgage Servicer Concentration

Top 5 depository servicers Top 5 non-depository servicers Others

As of December 31, 2024, Walker & Dunlop, Inc. serviced 14% of our multifamily guaranty book of business based on

unpaid principal balance. As of December 31, 2023, Walker & Dunlop, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (together with its

affiliates) serviced 13% and 10%, respectively, of our multifamily guaranty book of business based on unpaid principal

balance. No other multifamily mortgage servicers serviced 10% or more of our multifamily guaranty book of business as

of December 31, 2024 or 2023. Walker & Dunlop, Inc. is a non-depository servicer and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. is a

depository servicer.

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Counterparty Credit Exposure Relating to our Corporate Liquidity Portfolio

The primary credit exposure associated with assets held in our corporate liquidity portfolio is that issuers will not repay

principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms. If one of these counterparties fails to meet its obligations

to us under the terms of the investments, it could result in financial losses to us and have a material adverse effect on

our earnings, liquidity, financial condition and net worth. We believe the risk of default is low because our corporate

liquidity portfolio primarily consists of cash and cash equivalents, reverse repurchase agreements with a central

counterparty clearing institution or The Federal Reserve Bank of New York and U.S. Treasury securities.

As of December 31, 2024, our corporate liquidity portfolio totaled $132.4 billion and included $77.6 billion of U.S.

Treasury securities. As of December 31, 2023, our corporate liquidity portfolio totaled $114.3 billion and included $47.8

billion of U.S. Treasury securities. We mitigate our risk by monitoring the credit risk position of our corporate liquidity

portfolio. As of December 31, 2024, we held $11.7 billion in overnight unsecured deposits with six financial institutions,

compared with $11.8 billion held with six financial institutions as of December 31, 2023. The short-term credit ratings for

each of these financial institutions by S&P, Moody’s and Fitch were at least A-1 or the Moody’s or Fitch equivalent of

A-1.

See “Liquidity and Capital Management—Liquidity Management—Corporate Liquidity Portfolio” for more information on

our corporate liquidity portfolio.

Other Counterparties

Derivative Counterparty Credit Exposure

The primary credit exposure that we have on a derivative transaction is that a counterparty will default on payments

due, which could result in us having to acquire a replacement derivative from a different counterparty at a higher cost or

we may be unable to find a suitable replacement. Our derivative counterparty credit exposure relates principally to

interest-rate derivative contracts.

Derivative instruments may be privately negotiated contracts, which are often referred to as OTC derivatives, or they

may be listed and traded on an exchange where they are accepted for clearing by a derivatives clearing organization as

our cleared derivative transactions.

Actions we take to manage our derivative counterparty credit exposure relating to our OTC derivative transactions

include:

•entering into enforceable master netting arrangements with these counterparties, which allow us to net

derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty; and

•requiring counterparties to post collateral, which includes cash, U.S. Treasury securities, agency debt and

agency mortgage-related securities.

We manage our credit exposure relating to our cleared derivative transactions through enforceable master netting

arrangements. These arrangements allow us to net our exposure to cleared derivatives by clearing organization and by

clearing member.

Our cleared derivative transactions are submitted to a derivatives clearing organization on our behalf through a clearing

member of the organization. A contract accepted by a derivatives clearing organization is governed by the terms of the

clearing organization’s rules and arrangements between us and the clearing member of the clearing organization. As a

result, we are exposed to the institutional credit risk of both the derivatives clearing organization and the member who is

acting on our behalf. As of December 31, 2024, approximately 82% of our derivatives transactions were cleared through

a clearing organization, compared with 81% as of December 31, 2023.

See “Note 9, Derivative Instruments” and “Note 15, Netting Arrangements” for additional information on our derivative

contracts as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Counterparty Credit Risk Exposure Arising from the Resecuritization of Freddie Mac-Issued Securities

We have been resecuritizing Freddie Mac-issued securities since June 2019 when we began issuing UMBS, which has

increased our credit risk exposure and operational risk exposure to Freddie Mac. Although we have an indemnification

agreement with Freddie Mac, in the event Freddie Mac were to fail (for credit or operational reasons) to make a

payment on Freddie Mac securities that we had resecuritized in a Fannie Mae-issued structured security, we would be

responsible for making the entire payment on the Freddie Mac securities included in that structured security in order to

make payments on any of our outstanding single-family Fannie Mae MBS to be paid on that payment date. Accordingly,

if Freddie Mac were to fail to meet its obligations under the terms of these securities, it could have a material adverse

effect on our earnings and financial condition. We believe the risk of default by Freddie Mac is negligible because of the

funding commitment available to Freddie Mac through its senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury.

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As of December 31, 2024, $200.1 billion in Freddie Mac securities were backing Fannie Mae-issued structured

securities, compared with $215.6 billion as of December 31, 2023. See “Risk Factors—GSE and Conservatorship Risk”

for more information on risks associated with our issuance of UMBS.

Central Counterparty Clearing Institutions

Fannie Mae is a clearing member of two divisions of Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (“FICC”), a central counterparty

(“CCP”). One FICC division clears our trades involving securities purchased under agreements to resell, securities sold

under agreements to repurchase, and other non-mortgage related securities. The other division clears our forward

purchase and sale commitments of mortgage-related securities, including dollar roll transactions. As a result of these

trades, we are required to post initial and variation margin payments as well as settle certain positions each business

day in cash. As a clearing member of FICC, we are exposed to the risk that the FICC or one or more of the CCP’s

clearing members fails to perform its obligations as described below.

•A default by or the financial or operational failure of FICC would require us to replace transactions cleared

through FICC, thereby increasing operational costs and potentially resulting in losses.

•We may also be exposed to losses if a clearing member of FICC defaults on its obligations as each clearing

member is required to absorb a portion of those fellow-clearing member losses. As a result, we could lose the

margin that we have posted to FICC. Moreover, our exposure could exceed the amount of margin that we

previously posted to FICC, since FICC’s rules require non-defaulting clearing members to cover, on a pro rata

basis, losses caused by a clearing member’s default.

We are unable to develop an estimate of the maximum potential amount of future payments that we could be required to

make to FICC under these arrangements as our exposure is dependent on the volume of trades FICC clearing

members execute now and in the future, which varies daily. Although we are unable to develop an estimate of our

maximum exposure, we expect that losses caused by any clearing member would be partially offset by the fair value of

margin posted by the defaulting clearing member and any other available assets of the CCP for those purposes. We

believe that the risk of a material loss is remote due to the FICC's margin and settlement requirements, guarantee funds

and other resources that are available in the event of a default.

We actively monitor the risks associated with the FICC in order to effectively manage this counterparty risk and our

associated liquidity exposure.

Custodial Depository Institutions

Our mortgage servicer counterparties are required by our Servicing Guide to use custodial depository institutions to hold

remittances of borrower payments of principal and interest on our behalf. If a custodial depository institution were to fail

while holding such remittances, we would be exposed to risk for balances in excess of the deposit insurance protection

and might not be able to recover all of the principal and interest payments being held by the depository on our behalf, or

there might be a substantial delay in receiving these amounts. If this were to occur, we would be required to replace

these amounts with our own funds to make payments that are due to Fannie Mae MBS certificateholders. Accordingly,

the insolvency of one of our principal custodial depository institutions could result in significant financial losses to us. To

mitigate these risks, our Servicing Guide requires our mortgage servicer counterparties to use custodial depository

institutions that are insured, that are rated as “well capitalized” by their regulator and that meet certain minimum

financial ratings from third-party agencies.

Mortgage Originators, Investors and Dealers

We are routinely exposed to pre-settlement risk through the purchase or sale of mortgage loans and mortgage-related

securities with mortgage originators, mortgage investors and mortgage dealers. The risk is the possibility that the

counterparty will be unable or unwilling to either deliver mortgage assets or compensate us for the cost to cancel or

replace the transaction. We manage this risk by determining position limits with these counterparties, based upon our

assessment of their creditworthiness, and by monitoring and managing these exposures.

Debt Security Dealers

The credit risk associated with dealers that commit to place our debt securities is that they will fail to honor their

contracts to take delivery of the debt, which could result in delayed issuance of the debt through another dealer. We

manage these risks by establishing approval standards, monitoring our exposure positions and monitoring changes in

the credit quality of dealers.

Document Custodians

We use third-party document custodians to provide loan document certification and custody services for some of the

loans that we purchase and securitize. In many cases, our lenders or their affiliates also serve as document custodians

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for us. Our ownership rights to the mortgage loans that we own or that back our Fannie Mae MBS could be challenged if

a lender intentionally or negligently pledges or sells the loans that we purchased or fails to obtain a release of prior liens

on the loans that we purchased, which could result in financial losses to us. When a lender or one of its affiliates acts as

a document custodian for us, the risk that our ownership interest in the loans may be adversely affected is increased,

particularly in the event the lender were to become insolvent. We mitigate these risks through legal and contractual

arrangements with these custodians that identify our ownership interest, as well as by establishing qualifying standards

for document custodians and requiring removal of the documents to our possession or to an independent third-party

document custodian if we have concerns about the solvency or competency of the document custodian.

The MERS System

The MERS® System is an electronic registry owned by Intercontinental Exchange that is widely used by participants in

the mortgage finance industry to track servicing rights and ownership of loans in the United States. A majority of the

loans we own or guarantee are registered and tracked in the MERS System. Though we believe it is unlikely, if we are

unable to use the MERS System, or if our use of the MERS System adversely affects our ability to enforce our rights

with respect to our loans registered and tracked in the MERS System, it could create operational and legal risks for us

and increase the costs and time it takes to record loans or foreclose on loans.

Climate and Natural Disaster Risk Management

Overview

Recent years have seen frequent and severe natural disasters in the U.S., including hurricanes, wildfires and floods. We

believe the frequency and intensity of major weather-related events in recent years are indicative of the impacts of

climate change, which we expect to persist and worsen in the future. Climate change presents immediate and long-term

risks to our business and other stakeholders in the housing system, including borrowers, renters, lenders, investors and

insurers. Climate risks are divided into two main categories:

•Physical risks, which relate to the physical impact of climate change and include both: acute risks, which are

event-driven risks relating to shorter-term extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods and tornadoes;

or chronic risks, which are longer-term shifts in climate patterns, such as sustained higher temperatures, sea

level rise, water scarcity and increased wildfires.

•Transition risks, which relate to a potential transition to a lower-carbon economy and may be driven by

additional regulatory and legislative requirements, adoption of new technologies and shifts in consumer

behavior. The transition to a lower-carbon economy may cause stress to households and certain business

sectors.

We are developing a comprehensive, integrated approach to identifying, assessing, and managing climate-related risks

and opportunities. Our efforts are directed towards analyzing our physical and transition risks, refining climate scenario

methodologies, and evaluating third-party climate models. We also continue to integrate climate risk considerations into

our Enterprise Risk Management framework.

Climate-Related Risk Exposure and Risk Mitigation

Major weather events or other natural disasters expose us to credit risk in a variety of ways, including by damaging

properties that secure mortgage loans in our book of business and by negatively impacting the ability of borrowers to

make payments on their mortgage loans. The amount of losses we incur as a result of a major weather event or natural

disaster depends significantly on the extent to which the resulting property damage is covered by hazard or flood

insurance and whether borrowers can continue making payments on their mortgages. The amount of losses we incur

can also be affected by the extent that a disaster impacts the region, especially if it depresses the local economy, and

by the availability of federal, state, or local assistance to borrowers affected by a disaster. To date, our losses from

natural disasters have been limited by geographic diversity in our book of business, the availability of insurance

coverage for damages sustained, the availability of federal, state, or local disaster assistance, and borrowers with equity

in their homes continuing to pay their mortgages. Fannie Mae is obligated to support residential mortgage liquidity

nationwide. We generally do not disqualify any single-family or multifamily property on the basis of its geographic

location in the U.S., nor do we charge higher guaranty fees in geographic areas that may pose potentially higher

climate-related risk.

We require borrowers to obtain and maintain property insurance to cover the risk of damage to their property resulting

from hazards such as fire, wind and, for properties in areas identified by FEMA as Special Flood Hazard Areas, flooding.

At the time of origination, a borrower is required to provide proof of such insurance, and our servicers have the right and

the obligation to obtain such insurance, at the borrower’s cost, if the borrower allows the required coverage to lapse. In

addition, our servicers monitor flood maps, and will require a flood insurance policy if a mortgaged property is remapped

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into a Special Flood Hazard Area during the life of the loan. We do not require property insurance to cover damages

from flooding in areas outside a Special Flood Hazard Area, or to cover earthquake damage to single-family properties

or to multifamily properties unless required by a seismic-risk assessment. We estimate that, as of December 31, 2024,

3.3% of loans in our single-family guaranty book of business and 7.4% of loans in our multifamily guaranty book of

business were located in a Special Flood Hazard Area.

We also mitigate climate-related risks, in part, through credit risk transfer and risk-sharing transactions. To the extent

weather and disaster-related losses on loans covered by these transactions exceed the amount of losses we retain, a

portion of those losses would be covered by these credit risk transfer transactions. We also enter into risk-sharing

agreements with multifamily lenders, primarily through the DUS program. For more information on our single-family

credit risk transfer transactions, see “Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—

Single-Family Credit Enhancement and Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk—Credit Risk Transfer Transactions” and for

more information on our multifamily credit risk transfer transactions and our DUS program, see “Multifamily Business—

Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Multifamily Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk.”

In the event of a natural or other disaster, our servicers work with affected borrowers to develop a plan that addresses

the borrower’s specific situation. Depending on the circumstances, the plan may include one or more of the following: a

payment forbearance plan; a repayment or reinstatement plan; a payment deferral; loan modification; coordination with

insurance companies and administration of insurance proceeds; and, if appropriate, foreclosure alternatives such as

short sales and deeds-in-lieu of foreclosure, or foreclosure.

Climate Risk Governance

The Board’s Risk Policy and Capital Committee has primary oversight of climate-related risks to the company. The

Board’s Community Responsibility and Sustainability Committee oversees development and implementation of the

company’s strategic initiatives regarding climate resiliency. The Audit Committee provides oversight of corporate

responsibility and impact reporting, which includes climate-related reporting. In addition, our Climate Risk Committee

provides management-level engagement and oversight of climate risk. The Climate Risk Committee is chaired by our

Chief Risk Officer and supports the Enterprise Risk Committee.

See “Risk Factors—Credit Risk” for additional information on the risks we face from the occurrence of major natural or

other disasters and the impact of climate change.

Market Risk Management, including Interest-Rate Risk Management

We are subject to market risk, which includes interest-rate risk and spread risk. These risks arise primarily from our

mortgage asset investments. Interest-rate risk is the risk that movements in interest rates will adversely affect the value

of our assets or liabilities or our future earnings or capital. Spread risk is the risk from changes in an instrument’s value

that relate to factors other than changes in interest rates.

Interest-Rate Risk Management

Our exposure to interest-rate risk primarily arises from two sources: our net portfolio and our consolidated MBS trusts.

Our goal is to manage interest-rate risk from our net portfolio to be neutral to changes in interest rates and volatility on

an economic basis, subject to model constraints and prevailing market conditions. We collectively define our net

portfolio as: our retained mortgage portfolio assets; our corporate liquidity portfolio; outstanding debt of Fannie Mae

used to fund the retained mortgage portfolio assets and corporate liquidity portfolio; mortgage commitments; and risk

management derivatives.

We employ an integrated interest-rate risk management strategy that allows for informed risk taking within pre-defined

corporate risk limits. Decisions regarding our strategy in managing interest-rate risk are based upon our corporate

market risk policy and limits that are approved by our Board of Directors.

We monitor current market conditions, including the interest-rate environment, to assess the impact of these conditions

on individual positions and our interest-rate risk profile. In addition to qualitative factors, we use various quantitative risk

metrics in determining the appropriate composition of our retained mortgage portfolio, our investments in non-mortgage

securities and relative mix of debt and derivatives positions in order to remain within pre-defined risk tolerance levels

that we consider acceptable. We regularly disclose two interest-rate risk metrics that estimate our interest-rate

exposure: (1) fair value sensitivity to changes in interest-rate levels and the slope of the yield curve and (2) duration

gap.

The metrics used to measure our interest-rate exposure are generated using internal models. Our internal models,

consistent with standard practice for models used in our industry, require numerous assumptions. There are inherent

limitations in any methodology used to estimate the exposure to changes in market interest rates. The reliability of our

prepayment estimates and interest-rate risk metrics depends on the availability and quality of historical data for each of

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the types of securities in our net portfolio, as discussed below. When market conditions change rapidly and dramatically,

the assumptions of our models may no longer accurately capture or reflect the changing conditions. See “Risk Factors

—Operational and Model Risk” for a discussion of the risks associated with our reliance on models to manage risk.

Sources of Interest-Rate Risk Exposure

Our mortgage assets consist mainly of single-family and multifamily mortgage loans. For single-family loans, borrowers

have the option to prepay at any time before the scheduled maturity date. This prepayment uncertainty results in a

potential mismatch between the timing of receipt of cash flows related to our assets and the timing of payment of cash

flows related to our liabilities. Changes in interest rates, as well as other factors, influence mortgage prepayment rates

and duration and also affect the value of our mortgage assets. When interest rates decrease, prepayment rates on

fixed-rate mortgages generally accelerate because borrowers usually can pay off their existing mortgages and refinance

at lower rates. Accelerated prepayment rates have the effect of shortening the duration and average life of the fixed-rate

mortgage assets we hold in our net portfolio. In a declining interest-rate environment, existing mortgage assets held in

our net portfolio tend to increase in value or price because these mortgages are likely to have higher interest rates than

new mortgages, which are being originated at the then-current lower interest rates. Conversely, when interest rates

increase, prepayment rates generally slow, which extends the duration and average life of our mortgage assets and

results in a decrease in value. Interest rates also affect the value of our non-mortgage assets, which are primarily fixed-

rate securities. As interest rates decline, the value of our fixed-rate securities tend to increase with the opposite impact

when rates rise.

We are also exposed to interest-rate risk in connection with cost basis adjustments related to mortgage assets, mainly

single-family and multifamily mortgage loans, held by our consolidated MBS trusts. These cost basis adjustments often

result from upfront cash fees exchanged at the time of loan acquisition, which include buy-ups, buy-downs, and loan-

level risk-based price adjustments. The timing of when we recognize amortization income related to cost basis

adjustments may be affected by prepayments, thereby impacting our earnings. Changes in the timing of income

recognition related to cost basis adjustments impact the present value of this income. See “Consolidated Results of

Operations—Net Interest Income—Analysis of Unamortized Deferred Guaranty Fee Income” for more information on

our outstanding net cost basis adjustments related to consolidated MBS trusts.

We are also exposed to interest-rate risk in connection with the float income earned by MBS trusts on the short-term

reinvestment of loan payments received from borrowers in highly liquid investments with short maturities, such as U.S.

Treasury securities. This float income is paid to us as trust management income and recorded within “Net interest

income” in our consolidated financial statements. Changes in interest rates impact the amount of float income generated

by MBS trusts and our float reinvestment yields. Typically, interest-rate driven changes in the timing of income

recognition related to cost basis amortization are partially offset by interest-rate driven changes in the amount of float

income earned.

For additional discussion of how interest rates can affect our financial results, see “Key Market Economic Indicators—

How Interest Rates Can Affect Our Financial Results.”

Interest-Rate Risk Management Strategy

Our goal for managing the interest-rate risk of our net portfolio is to be neutral to movements in interest rates and

volatility. This involves asset selection and structuring of our liabilities to match and offset the interest-rate

characteristics of our retained mortgage portfolio and our investments in non-mortgage securities. We actively manage

the interest-rate risk of our net portfolio through a strategy incorporating the following principal elements:

•Debt Instruments. We issue a broad range of both callable and non-callable debt instruments to manage the

duration and prepayment risk of expected cash flows of the mortgage assets we own.

•Derivative Instruments. We supplement our issuance of debt with derivative instruments to further reduce

duration and prepayment risks.

•Monitoring and Active Portfolio Rebalancing. We continually monitor our risk positions and actively rebalance

our portfolio of interest rate-sensitive financial instruments to maintain a close match between the duration of

our assets and liabilities.

•Fair Value Hedge Accounting. We utilize fair value hedge accounting to align the timing of when we recognize

the interest-rate driven fair value changes in hedged mortgage loans and funding debt with derivative hedging

instruments to mitigate GAAP earnings exposure to interest-rate changes, including any short-term earnings

volatility that might result from economic hedging.

We do not currently actively manage or hedge, on an economic basis, our spread risk, or the interest-rate risk arising

from cost basis adjustments and float income associated with mortgage assets held by our consolidated MBS trusts.

Our spread risk includes the impact of changes in the spread between our mortgage assets and debt (referred to as

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mortgage-to-debt spreads) after we purchase mortgage assets. For mortgage assets in our portfolio that we intend to

hold to maturity to realize the contractual cash flows, we accept period-to-period volatility in our financial performance

attributable to changes in mortgage-to-debt spreads that occur after our purchase of mortgage assets. See “Risk

Factors—Market and Industry Risk” for a discussion of the risks to our business posed by changes in interest rates and

changes in spreads. See “Earnings Exposure to Interest-Rate Risk” below for the impact of market risk on our earnings.

Debt Instruments

Historically, the primary tool we have used to fund the purchase of mortgage assets and manage the interest-rate risk

implicit in our mortgage assets is the variety of debt instruments we issue. The debt we issue is a mix that typically

consists of short- and long-term, non-callable and callable debt. The varied maturities and flexibility of these debt

combinations help us in reducing the mismatch of cash flows between assets and liabilities in order to manage the

duration risk associated with an investment in long-term fixed-rate assets. Callable debt helps us manage the

prepayment risk associated with fixed-rate mortgage assets because the duration of callable debt changes when

interest rates change in a manner similar to changes in the duration of mortgage assets. See “Liquidity and Capital

Management—Liquidity Management—Debt Funding” for additional information on our debt activity.

Derivative Instruments

Derivative instruments also are an integral part of our strategy in managing interest-rate risk. See “Note 9, Derivative

Instruments” for a description of the derivatives we use for interest-rate risk management purposes and the factors we

consider in deciding whether to use derivatives.

We use interest-rate swaps, interest-rate options and futures, in combination with our issuance of debt securities, to

better match the duration of our assets with the duration of our liabilities. We are generally an end-user of derivatives;

our principal purpose in using derivatives is to manage our aggregate interest-rate risk profile within prescribed risk

parameters. We generally only use derivatives that are relatively liquid and straightforward to value. We use derivatives

for four primary purposes:

•as a substitute for notes and bonds that we issue in the debt markets;

•to achieve risk management objectives not obtainable with debt market securities;

•to quickly and efficiently rebalance our portfolio; and

•to hedge foreign currency exposure.

Decisions regarding the repositioning of our derivatives portfolio are based upon current assessments of our interest-

rate risk profile and economic conditions, including the composition of our retained mortgage portfolio, our investments

in non-mortgage securities and relative mix of our debt and derivative positions, the interest-rate environment and

expected trends.

Measurement of Interest-Rate Risk

Below we present two quantitative metrics that provide estimates of our interest-rate risk exposure: (1) fair value

sensitivity of our net portfolio to changes in interest-rate levels and slope of yield curve; and (2) duration gap. The

metrics presented are calculated using internal models that require standard assumptions regarding interest rates and

future prepayments of principal over the remaining life of our securities. These assumptions are derived based on the

characteristics of the underlying structure of the securities and historical prepayment rates experienced at specified

interest-rate levels, taking into account current market conditions, the current mortgage rates of our existing outstanding

loans, loan age and other factors. On a regular basis, management makes judgments about the appropriateness of the

risk assessments and will make adjustments as necessary to properly assess our interest-rate exposure and manage

our interest-rate risk. The methodologies used to calculate risk estimates are periodically changed on a prospective

basis to reflect improvements in the underlying estimation process.

Interest-Rate Sensitivity to Changes in Interest-Rate Level and Slope of Yield Curve

Pursuant to a disclosure commitment with FHFA, we disclose on a monthly basis the estimated adverse impact on the

fair value of our net portfolio that would result from the following hypothetical situations:

•a 50 basis point shift in interest rates; and

•a 25 basis point change in the slope of the yield curve.

In measuring the estimated impact of changes in the level of interest rates, we assume a parallel shift in all maturities of

the SOFR interest-rate swap curve.

In measuring the estimated impact of changes in the slope of the yield curve, we assume a constant 7-year rate and a

shift of 16.7 basis points for the 1-year rate and shorter tenors and an opposite shift of 8.3 basis points for the 30-year

rate. Rate shocks for remaining maturity points are interpolated. Our practice is to allow interest rates to go below zero

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in the downward shock models unless otherwise prevented through contractual floors. We believe the aforementioned

interest-rate shocks for our monthly disclosures represent moderate movements in interest rates over a one-month

period.

Duration Gap

Duration gap measures the price sensitivity of our assets and liabilities in our net portfolio to changes in interest rates by

quantifying the difference between the estimated durations of our assets and liabilities. Our duration gap analysis

reflects the extent to which the estimated maturity and repricing cash flows for our assets are matched, on average,

over time and across interest-rate scenarios to those of our liabilities. A positive duration gap indicates that the duration

of our assets exceeds the duration of our liabilities. We disclose duration gap on a monthly basis under the caption

“Interest Rate Risk Disclosures” in our Monthly Summary report, which is available on our website.

While our goal is to reduce the price sensitivity of our net portfolio to movements in interest rates, various factors can

contribute to a duration gap that is either positive or negative. For example, changes in the market environment can

increase or decrease the price sensitivity of our mortgage assets relative to the price sensitivity of our liabilities because

of prepayment uncertainty associated with our assets. In a declining interest-rate environment, prepayment rates tend to

accelerate, thereby shortening the duration and average life of the fixed-rate mortgage assets we hold in our net

portfolio. Conversely, when interest rates increase, prepayment rates generally slow, which extends the duration and

average life of our mortgage assets. Our debt and derivative instrument positions are used to manage the interest-rate

sensitivity of our retained mortgage portfolio and our investments in non-mortgage securities. As a result, the degree to

which the interest-rate sensitivity of our retained mortgage portfolio and our investments in non-mortgage securities is

offset will be dependent upon, among other factors, the mix of funding and other risk management derivative

instruments we use at any given point in time.

The market value sensitivities of our net portfolio are a function of both the duration and the convexity of our net

portfolio. Duration provides a measure of the price sensitivity of a financial instrument to changes in interest rates while

convexity reflects the degree to which the duration of the assets and liabilities in our net portfolio changes in response to

a given change in interest rates. We use convexity measures to provide us with information about how quickly and by

how much our net portfolio’s duration may change in different interest-rate environments. The market value sensitivity of

our net portfolio will depend on a number of factors, including the interest-rate environment, modeling assumptions and

the composition of assets and liabilities in our net portfolio, which vary over time.

Results of Interest-Rate Sensitivity Measures

The interest-rate risk measures discussed below exclude the impact of changes in the fair value of our guaranty assets

and liabilities resulting from changes in interest rates. We exclude our guaranty business from these sensitivity

measures based on our current assumption that the guaranty fee income generated from future business activity will

largely replace guaranty fee income lost due to mortgage prepayments.

The table below displays the pre-tax market value sensitivity of our net portfolio to changes in the level of interest rates

and the slope of the applicable yield curve as measured on the last day of each period presented. The table below also

provides the daily average, minimum, maximum and standard deviation values for duration gap and for the most

adverse market value impact on the net portfolio to changes in the level of interest rates and the slope of the applicable

yield curve for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The sensitivity measures displayed in the table below, which we disclose on a quarterly basis pursuant to a disclosure

commitment with FHFA, are an extension of our monthly sensitivity measures discussed above. There are three primary

differences between our monthly sensitivity disclosure and the quarterly sensitivity disclosure presented below:

•the quarterly disclosure is expanded to include the sensitivity results for larger rate level shocks of positive or

negative 100 basis points;

•the monthly disclosure reflects the estimated pre-tax impact on the market value of our net portfolio calculated

based on a daily average, while the quarterly disclosure reflects the estimated pre-tax impact calculated based

on the estimated financial position of our net portfolio and the market environment as of the last business day of

the quarter; and

•the monthly disclosure shows the most adverse pre-tax impact on the market value of our net portfolio from the

hypothetical interest-rate shocks, while the quarterly disclosure includes the estimated pre-tax impact of both

up and down interest-rate shocks.

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Interest-Rate Sensitivity of Net Portfolio to Changes in Interest-Rate Level and Slope of Yield Curve
	As of December 31,(1)(2)
	2024		2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Rate level shock:
-100 basis points		$83		$53
-50 basis points		33		39
+50 basis points		(18)		(47)
+100 basis points		(29)		(93)
Rate slope shock:
-25 basis points (flattening)		(4)		(7)
+25 basis points (steepening)		4		5

	For the Three Months Ended December 31,(1)(3)
	2024					2023
	Duration Gap	Rate Slope Shock 25 bps		Rate Level Shock 50 bps		Duration Gap	Rate Slope Shock 25 bps		Rate Level Shock 50 bps
		Market Value Sensitivity					Market Value Sensitivity
	(In years)	(Dollars in millions)				(In years)	(Dollars in millions)
Average	—		$(2)		$(11)	0.03		$(11)		$(27)
Minimum	(0.05)		(6)		(37)	(0.01)		(22)		(47)
Maximum	0.03		1		4	0.06		(1)		2
Standard deviation	0.02		2		8	0.02		4		12

(1)Computed based on changes in SOFR interest-rates swap curve.

(2)Measured on the last business day of each period presented.

(3)Computed based on daily values during the period presented.

The market value sensitivity of our net portfolio varies across a range of interest-rate shocks depending upon the

duration and convexity profile of our net portfolio. The market value sensitivity of the net portfolio is measured by

quantifying the change in the present value of the cash flows of our financial assets and liabilities that would result from

an instantaneous shock to interest rates, assuming spreads are held constant.

We use derivatives to help manage the residual interest-rate risk exposure between the assets and liabilities in our net

portfolio. Derivatives have enabled us to keep our economic interest-rate risk exposure at consistently low levels in a

wide range of interest-rate environments. The table below displays an example of how derivatives impacted the net

market value exposure for a 50 basis point parallel interest-rate shock. For additional information on our derivative

positions, see “Note 9, Derivative Instruments.”

Derivative Impact on Interest-Rate Risk (50 Basis Points)
	As of December 31,(1)
	2024		2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Before derivatives		$(654)		$(449)
After derivatives		(18)		(47)
Effect of derivatives		636		402

(1)Measured on the last business day of each period presented.

Earnings Exposure to Interest-Rate Risk

While we manage the interest-rate risk of our net portfolio with the objective of remaining neutral to movements in

interest rates and volatility on an economic basis, our earnings can experience volatility due to interest-rate changes

and differing accounting treatments that apply to certain financial instruments on our balance sheet. Specifically, we

have exposure to earnings volatility that is driven by changes in interest rates in two primary areas: our net portfolio and

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our consolidated MBS trusts. The exposure in the net portfolio is primarily driven by changes in the fair value of risk

management derivatives, mortgage commitments, and certain assets, primarily securities, that are carried at fair value.

The exposure related to our consolidated MBS trusts relates to changes in our credit loss reserves and to the

amortization of cost basis adjustments resulting from changes in interest rates.

We apply fair value hedge accounting to address some of the exposure to interest rates, particularly the earnings

volatility related to changes in benchmark interest rates. Our hedge accounting program is specifically designed to

address the volatility of our financial results associated with changes in fair value related to changes in these

benchmark interest rates. As such, earnings variability driven by other factors, such as spreads or changes in cost basis

amortization recognized in net interest income, remains. In addition, our ability to effectively reduce earnings volatility is

dependent upon the volume and type of interest-rate swaps available for hedging, which is driven by our interest-rate

risk management strategy discussed above. As our range of available interest-rate swaps varies over time, our ability to

reduce earnings volatility through hedge accounting may vary as well. When the shape of the yield curve shifts

significantly from period to period, hedge accounting may be less effective. In our current program, we establish new

hedging relationships each business day to provide flexibility in our overall risk management strategy.

See “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 9, Derivative Instruments” for additional information

on our fair value hedge accounting policy and related disclosures.

Liquidity Risk Management

See “Liquidity and Capital Management” for a discussion of how we manage liquidity risk.

Operational Risk Management

Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, systems, and third

parties, or disruptions from external events. Our corporate operational risk framework aligns with our Enterprise Risk

policy and has evolved based on the changing needs of our business and FHFA regulatory guidance. The Operational

Risk Management group is responsible for overseeing and monitoring compliance with our operational risk program’s

requirements. The Operational Risk Management group reports to the Chief Risk Officer and works in conjunction with

other second line teams, such as the Corporate Risk & Compliance division, to oversee and aggregate the full range of

operational risks, including fraud, resiliency, business interruptions, processing errors, damage to physical assets,

workplace safety and employment practices. To quantify our operational risk exposure, we rely on the Basel

Standardized Approach, which is based on a percentage of gross income. In addition, where we deem it appropriate, we

purchase insurance policies to mitigate the impact of operational losses.

We currently use artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in our models that support a number of business

needs. Generative artificial intelligence, or generative AI, is an evolution of artificial intelligence that is rapidly developing

and is expected to transform the way many businesses operate and make decisions, creating both opportunities for and

risks to our business. We expect to gradually increase our use of artificial intelligence to support our business needs,

including using more advanced generative AI. Our initial uses of artificial intelligence have been focused on areas that

we believe pose lower risk, such as applications focused on improving operational efficiency and employee productivity.

We have enhanced our governance and controls to support the development and implementation of artificial intelligence

in our business processes, including implementing guiding ethical principles on the appropriate use of artificial

intelligence and enhancing our risk management framework. We believe the use of artificial intelligence tools has

significant potential to enhance employee productivity, improve our business processes, and change the way we

engage with our stakeholders. We also believe that if we do not effectively use and appropriately adopt artificial

intelligence and machine learning technologies in our business processes, it could result in a competitive disadvantage

to us.

See “Risk Factors—Operational and Model Risk” for more information regarding our operational risk, including risks

associated with artificial intelligence, and “Risk Management—Overview—Risk Management Governance” for more

information regarding our governance of operational risk management. See “Cybersecurity” for a discussion of

cybersecurity risk management.

Model Risk Management

Model risk is the risk of potential adverse consequences (such as financial loss or reputational damage) due to:

inappropriate model design; errors in model coding, implementation, inputs or assumptions; inadequate model

performance; or incorrect use or application of model outputs or reports. The use of models requires numerous

assumptions and there are inherent limitations in any methodology used to estimate macroeconomic factors such as

home prices, multifamily property values, unemployment and interest rates, and their impact on borrower behavior.

When market conditions change rapidly and dramatically, the assumptions used by models may no longer accurately

capture or reflect the changing conditions. Given the challenges of predicting future behavior, management judgment is

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MD&A | Risk Management | Model Risk Management

used throughout the modeling process, from model design decisions regarding core underlying assumptions, to

interpreting and applying final model output.

We manage model risk through a model risk management framework that establishes the roles and responsibilities for

managing model risk through the model management lifecycle, as well as related governance requirements. Under our

model risk management framework, model owners and users have responsibility for monitoring whether models are

performing accurately and complying with the framework’s control requirements. We have an independent model risk

management team within our Corporate Risk & Compliance division that is responsible for establishing and maintaining

the model risk management framework, as well as providing independent review and approval of models prior to use.

We also have a management-level Model Risk Committee that oversees risk management activities related to model

risk. In addition to internally-developed models, we also use third-party models.

While we employ strategies to manage and govern the risks associated with our use of models, they have not always

been fully effective. Errors were previously discovered in some of the models we use, and we continue to have

deficiencies in our current processes for managing model risk. We are currently working on a number of remediation

activities relating to our models, including improving our processes for model governance, development, implementation

and testing.

See “Risk Factors—Operational and Model Risk” for a discussion of the risks associated with the use of models,

including our use of third-party models and third-party data providers.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make a number of

judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, income and expenses in our

consolidated financial statements. Understanding our accounting policies and the extent to which we use management

judgment and estimates in applying these policies is integral to understanding our financial statements. We describe our

most significant accounting policies in “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”

We evaluate our critical accounting estimates and judgments required by our policies on an ongoing basis and update

them as necessary based on changing conditions. Management has discussed any significant changes in judgments

and assumptions in applying our critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. See

“Risk Factors—General Risk” for a discussion of the risks associated with the need for management to make judgments

and estimates in applying our accounting policies and methods. We have identified one of our accounting estimates,

allowance for loan losses, as critical because it involves significant judgments and assumptions about highly complex

and inherently uncertain matters, and the use of reasonably different judgments and assumptions could have a material

impact on our reported results of operations or financial condition.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is an estimate of single-family and multifamily HFI loan receivables that we expect will not

be collected related to loans held by Fannie Mae or by consolidated Fannie Mae MBS trusts. The expected credit losses

are deducted from the amortized cost basis of HFI loans to present the net amount expected to be received.

The allowance for loan losses involves substantial judgment on a number of matters including the development and

weighting of macroeconomic forecasts, the reversion period applied, the assessment of similar risk characteristics,

which determines the historic loss experience used to derive probability of loan default, the valuation of collateral, which

includes judgments about the property condition at the time of foreclosure, and the determination of a loan’s remaining

expected life. Our most significant judgments involved in estimating our allowance for loan losses relate to the modeled

macroeconomic data used to develop reasonable and supportable forecasts for key economic drivers, which are subject

to significant inherent uncertainty. Most notably, for single-family, the model uses forecasted single-family home prices

as well as a range of possible future interest rate environments. For multifamily, the model uses forecasted net

operating income and property valuations. In developing a reasonable and supportable forecast, the model simulates

multiple paths of interest rates, rental income and property values based on current market conditions.

Quantitative Component

We use a discounted cash flow method to measure expected credit losses on our single-family mortgage loans and an

undiscounted loss method to measure expected credit losses on our multifamily mortgage loans.

Our modeled loan performance is based on our historical experience of loans with similar risk characteristics adjusted to

reflect current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Our historical loss experience and our loan loss

estimates capture the possibility of a multitude of events, including remote events that could result in credit losses on

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MD&A | Critical Accounting Estimates

loans that are considered low risk. Our credit loss models, including the macroeconomic forecast data used as key

inputs, are subject to our model oversight and review processes as well as other established governance and controls.

Qualitative Component

Our process for measuring expected credit losses is complex and involves significant management judgment, including

a reliance on historical loss information and current economic forecasts that may not be representative of credit losses

we ultimately realize. Management adjustments may be necessary to take into consideration external factors and

current macroeconomic events that have occurred but are not yet reflected in the data used to derive the model outputs.

Qualitative factors and events not previously observed by the models through historical loss experience may also be

considered, as well as the uncertainty of their impact on credit loss estimates.

Macroeconomic Variables and Sensitivities

Our benefit or provision for credit losses can vary substantially from period to period based on forecasted

macroeconomic inputs. For single-family, we have determined that our most significant key macroeconomic inputs used

in determining our allowance for loan losses consist of: forecasted home price growth rates and interest rates. For

multifamily, we have determined that our most significant key macroeconomic inputs used in determining our allowance

for loan losses consist of: net operating income and property value growth rates.

In evaluating the sensitivities of our allowance to these macroeconomic inputs, it is difficult to estimate how potential

changes in any one factor or input might affect the overall credit loss estimates, because management considers a wide

variety of factors and inputs in estimating the allowance for loan losses. Changes in the factors and inputs considered

may not occur at the same rate and may not be consistent across all geographies or loan types, and changes in factors

and inputs may be directionally inconsistent, such that improvement in one factor or input may offset deterioration in

others. Changes in our assumptions and forecasts of economic conditions could significantly affect our estimate of

expected credit losses and lead to significant changes in the estimate from one reporting period to the next.

We provide more detailed information on our accounting for the allowance for loan losses in “Note 1, Summary of

Significant Accounting Policies.” See “Note 5, Allowance for Loan Losses” for additional information about our current

period benefit (provision) for loan losses.

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MD&A | Critical Accounting Estimates

Single-Family Sensitivities and Inputs

The table below provides information about our most significant key macroeconomic inputs used in determining our

single-family allowance for loan losses: forecasted home price growth rates and interest rates. Although the model

consumes a wide range of possible regional home price forecasts and interest rate scenarios that take into account

inherent uncertainty, the forecasts below represent the mean path of those simulations used in determining the

allowance for each quarter during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and how those forecasts have

changed between periods of estimate. Below we present our home price growth and interest rate estimates used in our

estimate of expected credit losses. Our forecasts include estimates for periods beyond 2026 that are not presented in

the table below.

Select Single-Family Macroeconomic Model Inputs(1)
Forecasted home price growth (decline) rate by period of estimate:(2)
	For the Full Year ending December 31,
	2024	2025	2026
Fourth Quarter 2024	5.9%	3.5%	1.7%
Third Quarter 2024	5.9	3.6	1.7
Second Quarter 2024	6.6	3.0	0.8
First Quarter 2024	4.8	1.5	*
	For the Full Year ending December 31,
	2023	2024	2025
Fourth Quarter 2023	7.1%	3.2%	0.3%
Third Quarter 2023	6.7	2.8	(0.4)
Second Quarter 2023	3.9	(0.7)	(1.5)
First Quarter 2023	(1.2)	(2.2)	(1.1)
Forecasted 30-year interest rates by period of estimate:(3)
	Through the end of December 31,	For the Full Year ending December 31,
	2024	2025	2026
Fourth Quarter 2024	6.8%	6.8%	6.7%
Third Quarter 2024	6.2	5.9	5.9
Second Quarter 2024	7.0	6.6	6.4
First Quarter 2024	6.8	6.4	6.2
	Through the end of December 31,	For the Full Year ending December 31,
	2023	2024	2025
Fourth Quarter 2023	6.8%	6.4%	6.0%
Third Quarter 2023	7.5	7.2	6.8
Second Quarter 2023	6.7	6.0	5.8
First Quarter 2023	6.2	5.7	5.5

*Represents less than 0.05% of home price growth (decline).

(1) These forecasts are provided solely for the purpose of providing insight into our credit loss model. Forecasts for future periods are subject

to significant uncertainty, which increases for periods that are further in the future. We provide our most recent forecasts for certain

macroeconomic and housing market conditions in “Key Market Economic Indicators.” In addition, each month our Economic and Strategic

Research group provides its forecast of economic and housing market conditions, which are available in the “About Us/Research and

Insights” section of our website, www.fanniemae.com. Information on our website is not incorporated into this report.

(2) These estimates are based on our national home price index, which is calculated differently from the S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller U.S.

National Home Price Index and therefore results in different percentages for comparable growth. We periodically update our home price

growth estimates and forecasts as new data become available. As a result, the forecast data in this table may also differ from the

forecasted home price growth rate presented in “Key Market Economic Indicators,” because that section reflects our most recent forecast

as of the filing date of this report, while this table reflects the quantitative forecast data we used in our model to estimate credit losses for

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MD&A | Critical Accounting Estimates

the periods shown. Management continues to monitor macroeconomic updates to our inputs in our credit loss model from the time they are

approved as part of our established governance process, to ensure the reasonableness of the inputs used to calculate estimated credit

losses. The forecast data excludes the impact of any qualitative adjustments.

(3)Forecasted 30-year interest rates represent the mean of possible future interest rate environments that are simulated by our interest rate

model and used in the estimation of credit losses. Forecasts through the end of December 31, 2024 and 2023, represent the average

forecasted rate from the quarter-end through the calendar year end of December 31st. The fourth quarter of 2024 and 2023 interest rates

represent the 30-year interest rate as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. This table reflects the forecasted

interest rate data we used in estimating credit losses for the periods shown and does not reflect changes in interest rates that occurred

after the forecast date.

As noted above, our single-family allowance for loan losses is sensitive to changes in home prices and interest rate

changes. We present in the table below the impact of hypothetical changes in home prices and 30-year interest rates,

with all other factors held constant.

Single-Family Sensitivities - Hypothetical Changes to Model Inputs
Forecasted change to the first 12 months of the forecast:	Allowance Impact	Approximate Change in Allowance as of December 31, 2024(1)
Change in home prices growth rate:(2)
+1%		3%
-1%		4%
Change in 30-year interest rates:
+0.5%		4%
-0.5%		4%

(1) Calculated as a percentage of our single-family allowance for loan losses. 

(2) Change in home price shown on a normalized basis.

The above sensitivity analyses are hypothetical and are provided solely for the purpose of providing insight into our

credit loss model inputs. In addition, sensitivities for home price and interest rate changes are non-linear. As a result,

changes in these estimates are not always incrementally proportional. The purpose of this analysis is to provide an

indication of the impact of changes in home prices and 30-year interest rates on the estimate of the single-family

allowance for credit losses. This analysis is not intended to imply management’s expectation of future changes in our

forecasts or any other variables that may change as a result.

See “Key Market Economic Indicators” for additional information about how home prices and interest rates can affect

our credit loss estimates, including a discussion of home price growth rates and our home price forecast. Also see

“Consolidated Results of Operations—Benefit (Provision) for Credit Losses” for information on how our home price and

interest rate forecasts impacted our single-family benefit (provision) for credit losses.

Multifamily Sensitivities and Inputs

The table below provides information about our most significant key macroeconomic inputs used in determining our

multifamily allowance for loan losses: multifamily property net operating income and property value growth rates.

Although the model consumes a wide range of possible future economic scenarios, the forecasts below represent the

mean path of those simulations used in determining the allowance during the years ended December 31, 2024 and

2023, and how those forecasts have changed between periods of estimate. Our forecasts include estimates for periods

beyond those presented below.

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MD&A | Critical Accounting Estimates

Select Multifamily Macroeconomic Model Inputs(1)
Forecasted net operating income growth (decline) rate by period of estimate:
	For the Full Year ending December 31,
	2023	2024	2025	2026
Fourth Quarter 2024	N/A	3.1%	1.7%	0.3%
Fourth Quarter 2023	5.6%	2.6%	(0.2)%	N/A
Forecasted property value growth (decline) rate by period of estimate:
	For the Full Year ending December 31,
	2023	2024	2025	2026
Fourth Quarter 2024	N/A	(8.7)%	(1.1)%	3.7%
Fourth Quarter 2023	(10.0)%	(4.4)%	1.9%	N/A

N/ANot applicable. For purposes of this disclosure, we provide the forecasted net operating income growth rate and property value growth rate

for the period of estimate and the two years following the period of estimate.

(1)These forecasts are provided solely for the purpose of providing insight into our credit loss model. Forecasts for future periods are

subject to significant uncertainty, which increases for periods that are further in the future.

As noted above, our multifamily allowance for loan losses is sensitive to changes in net operating income and property

value changes. We present in the table below the impact of hypothetical changes in net operating income and property

value changes, with all other factors held constant.

Multifamily Sensitivities - Hypothetical Changes to Model Inputs
Forecasted change to the first 12 months of the forecast:	Allowance Impact	Approximate Change in Allowance as of December 31, 2024(1)
Change in net operating income growth rate:
+1%		2%
-1%		2%
Change in property value growth rate:
+1%		3%
-1%		3%

(1) Calculated as a percentage of our multifamily allowance for loan losses.

The above sensitivity analyses are hypothetical and are provided solely for the purpose of providing insight into our

credit loss model inputs. In addition, sensitivities for net operating income and property value changes are non-linear. As

a result, changes in these estimates are not always incrementally proportional. The purpose of this analysis is to provide

an indication of the impact of net operating income and property value changes on the estimate of the multifamily

allowance for credit losses. This analysis is not intended to imply management’s expectation of future changes in our

forecasts or any other variables that may change as a result.

See “Consolidated Results of Operations—Benefit (Provision) for Credit Losses” for information on how our NOI

forecast impacted our multifamily benefit (provision) for credit losses.

Impact of Future Adoption of New Accounting Guidance

We identify and discuss the expected impact on our consolidated financial statements of recently issued accounting

guidance in “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”

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MD&A | Glossary of Terms Used in This Report

Glossary of Terms Used in This Report

Terms used in this report have the following meanings, unless the context indicates otherwise.

“Agency mortgage-related securities” refers to mortgage-related securities issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and

Ginnie Mae.

“Back-end credit risk transfer transactions” refers to credit enhancements that we obtain after acquiring a loan.

“Business volume” refers to the sum in any given period of the unpaid principal balance of: (1) the mortgage loans and

mortgage-related securities we purchase for our retained mortgage portfolio; (2) the mortgage loans we securitize into

Fannie Mae MBS that are acquired by third parties; and (3) credit enhancements that we provide on our mortgage

assets. It excludes mortgage loans we securitize from our retained mortgage portfolio and the purchase of Fannie Mae

MBS for our retained mortgage portfolio.

“Capital reserve end date” refers to the date that is the last day of the second consecutive fiscal quarter during which we

have had and maintained capital equal to, or in excess of, all of the capital requirements and buffers under the

enterprise regulatory capital framework.

“CEO” refers to Chief Executive Officer.

“CFO” refers to Chief Financial Officer.

“Connecticut Avenue Securities” or “CAS” refers to a type of security that allows Fannie Mae to transfer a portion of the

credit risk from loan reference pools, consisting of certain mortgage loans in our guaranty book of business, to third-

party investors.

“Connecticut Avenue Securities REMICs” or “CAS REMICs” refers to Connecticut Avenue Securities that are structured

as notes issued by trusts that qualify as REMICs.

“Conventional mortgage” refers to a mortgage loan that is not guaranteed or insured by the U.S. government or its

agencies, such as the VA, the FHA or the Rural Development Housing and Community Facilities Program of the

Department of Agriculture.

“COO” refers to Chief Operating Officer.

“Credit enhancement” refers to an agreement used to reduce credit risk by requiring collateral, letters of credit,

mortgage insurance, corporate guarantees, inclusion in a credit risk transfer transaction reference pool, or other

agreements to provide an entity with some assurance that it will be compensated to some degree in the event of a

financial loss.

“Credit Insurance Risk Transfer” or “CIRT” refers to insurance transactions whereby we obtain actual loss coverage on

pools of loans either directly from an insurance provider that retains the risk, or from an insurance provider that

simultaneously cedes all of its risk to one or more reinsurers.

“CRO” refers to Chief Risk Officer.

“Debt service coverage ratio” or “DSCR” refers to a ratio of net cash flow to the annualized debt service, which may

include both principal and interest payments, of a multifamily property.

“Deferred guaranty fee income” refers to income primarily from the upfront fees that we receive at the time of loan

acquisition related to single-family loan-level price adjustments or other fees we receive from lenders, which are

amortized over the contractual life of the loan. Deferred guaranty fee income also includes the amortization of cost basis

adjustments on our mortgage loans and debt of consolidated trusts that are not associated with upfront fees.

“Desktop Underwriter” or “DU” refers to our proprietary automated underwriting system used by mortgage lenders to

evaluate the substantial majority of our single-family loan acquisitions.

“Delegated Underwriting and Servicing program” or “DUS program” refers to our multifamily business program whereby

DUS lenders, who must be pre-approved by us, are delegated the authority to underwrite and service loans for delivery

to us in accordance with our standards and requirements.

“Enterprise regulatory capital framework” refers to the regulatory capital framework established by FHFA applicable to

us that was initially published in December 2020 and subsequently amended in 2022 and 2023, as described in

“Business—Legislation and Regulation—Capital Requirements.”

“FHFA” refers to the Federal Housing Finance Agency. FHFA is an independent agency of the federal government with

general supervisory and regulatory authority over Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Federal Home Loan Banks. FHFA

is our safety and soundness regulator and our mission regulator. FHFA also has been acting as our conservator since

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MD&A | Glossary of Terms Used in This Report

September 2008. For more information on FHFA’s authority as our conservator and as our regulator, see “Business—

Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements” and “Business—Legislation and Regulation.”

“Front-end credit enhancements” refers to credit enhancements that we obtain at the time we acquire a loan.

“GSE” refers to the government-sponsored enterprises Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.

“GSE Act” refers to the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as amended. 

“Guaranty book of business” refers to the sum of the unpaid principal balance of: (1) Fannie Mae MBS outstanding

(excluding the portions of any structured securities Fannie Mae issues that are backed by Freddie Mac securities);

(2) mortgage loans of Fannie Mae held in our retained mortgage portfolio; and (3) other credit enhancements that we

provide on mortgage assets. It also excludes non-Fannie Mae mortgage-related securities held in our retained mortgage

portfolio for which we do not provide a guaranty.

“Guaranty fee income” or “guaranty fees” refers to compensation we receive for assuming the credit risk on our single-

family and multifamily guaranty books of business that we recognize in net interest income. There are two components

of our single-family guaranty fee: (1) base fees, which are ongoing fees that factor into a mortgage loan’s interest rate

and are collected each month over the life of the mortgage loan; and (2) upfront fees, which are one-time payments

made by lenders upon loan delivery and are amortized into net interest income over the life of the loan. For multifamily

loans, base fees are the primary component of our guaranty fee. Multifamily guaranty fee income does not include

upfront fees.

“HFI loans” or “held-for-investment loans” refer to mortgage loans we acquire for which we have the ability and intent to

hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity.

“HFS loans” or “held-for-sale loans” refer to mortgage loans we acquire that we intend to sell or securitize via trusts that

will not be consolidated.

“Low Income Housing Tax Credit program” or “LIHTC program” refers to a federal program that encourages private

equity investment in creating and preserving affordable units throughout the country by awarding federal tax credits to

affordable housing developers, who then exchange those tax credits with corporate investors in return for capital

contributions.

“Loans,” “mortgage loans” and “mortgages” refer to both whole loans and loan participations, secured by residential real

estate, cooperative shares or by manufactured housing units.

“Loss reserves” consists of our allowance for loan losses and our reserve for guaranty losses.

“Mortgage assets,” when referring to our assets, refers to both mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities we hold

in our retained mortgage portfolio. For purposes of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, the definition of

mortgage assets is based on the unpaid principal balance of such assets and does not reflect market valuation

adjustments, allowance for loan losses, impairments, unamortized premiums and discounts and the impact of our

consolidation of variable interest entities. Our mortgage asset calculation also includes 10% of the notional value of

interest-only securities we hold. We disclose the amount of our mortgage assets for purposes of the senior preferred

stock purchase agreement on a monthly basis in the “Endnotes” to our Monthly Summary reports, which are available

on our website.

“Mortgage-backed securities” or “MBS” refers generally to securities that represent beneficial interests in pools of

mortgage loans or other mortgage-related securities. These securities may be issued by Fannie Mae or by others.

“Multifamily Connecticut Avenue Securities” or “MCAS” refers to Connecticut Avenue Securities that are structured as

notes issued by trusts to transfer credit risk on our multifamily guaranty book of business to third-party investors.

“Multifamily mortgage loan” refers to a mortgage loan secured by a property containing five or more residential dwelling

units.

“New business purchases” refers to single-family and multifamily whole mortgage loans purchased during the period

and single-family and multifamily mortgage loans underlying Fannie Mae MBS issued during the period pursuant to

lender swaps.

“Notional amount” refers to the hypothetical dollar amount in an interest rate swap transaction on which exchanged

payments are based. The notional amount in an interest rate swap transaction generally is not paid or received by either

party to the transaction, or generally perceived as being at risk. The notional amount is typically significantly greater

than the potential market or credit loss that could result from such transaction.

“Outstanding Fannie Mae MBS” refers to the total unpaid principal balance of any type of mortgage-backed security that

we issue, including UMBS, Supers, REMICs and other types of single-family or multifamily mortgage-backed securities

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MD&A | Glossary of Terms Used in This Report

that are held by third-party investors or in our retained mortgage portfolio. For securities held by third-party investors, it

excludes the portions of any structured securities Fannie Mae issues that are backed by Freddie Mac-issued securities.

“Private-label securities” refers to mortgage-related securities issued by entities other than agency issuers Fannie Mae,

Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae.

“Refi Plus loans” refers to loans we acquired under our Refi Plus initiative, which offered refinancing flexibility to eligible

Fannie Mae borrowers who were current on their loans and who applied prior to the initiative’s December 31, 2018

sunset date. Refi Plus had no limits on maximum LTV ratio and provided mortgage insurance flexibilities for loans with

LTV ratios greater than 80%.

“REMIC” or “Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit” refers to a type of mortgage-related security in which interest

and principal payments from mortgages or mortgage-related securities are structured into separately traded securities.

“REO” refers to real-estate owned by Fannie Mae because we have foreclosed on the property or obtained the property

through a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure.

“Representations and warranties” refers to a lender’s assurance that a mortgage loan sold to us complies with the

standards outlined in our Mortgage Selling and Servicing Contract, which incorporates the Selling and Servicing Guides,

including underwriting and documentation. Violation of any representation or warranty is a breach of the lender contract,

including the warranty that the loan complies with all applicable requirements of the contract, which provides us with

certain rights and remedies.

“Retained mortgage portfolio” refers to the mortgage-related assets we own (excluding the portion of assets that back

mortgage-related securities owned by third parties).

“Single-family mortgage loan” refers to a mortgage loan secured by a property containing four or fewer residential

dwelling units.

“Structured Fannie Mae MBS” refers to Fannie Mae securitizations that are resecuritizations of UMBS, MBS, or

previously-issued structured securities. Our structured securities can be commingled—that is, they can include Freddie

Mac securities as part or all of the underlying collateral for the security.

“TCCA fees” refers to the expense recognized as a result of the 10 basis point increase in guaranty fees on all single-

family mortgages delivered to us on or after April 1, 2012 pursuant to the Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of

2011 and as extended by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, which we pay to Treasury on a quarterly basis.

“Uniform Mortgage-Backed Securities” or “UMBS” refers to uniform single-family mortgage-backed securities issued by

Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac that are directly backed by fixed-rate mortgage loans and generally eligible for trading in the

to-be-announced (“TBA”) market.

“Write-off” refers to loan amounts written off as uncollectible bad debts. These loan amounts are removed from our

consolidated balance sheet and charged against our loss reserves when the balance is deemed uncollectible, which is

generally at foreclosure or other liquidation events (such as a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure or a short-sale). Also includes

write-offs related to the redesignation of loans from held for investment to held for sale.

“Yield maintenance fees” refers to multifamily prepayment premiums, which are fees that a multifamily borrower typically

pays when they prepay their loan.

Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Information about market risk is set forth in “MD&A—Risk Management—Market Risk Management, including Interest-

Rate Risk Management.”

Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto are included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K as

described below in “Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.”

Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on

Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 153

Controls and Procedures

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures

Overview

We are required under applicable laws and regulations to maintain controls and procedures, which include disclosure

controls and procedures as well as internal control over financial reporting, as further described below.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures refer to controls and other procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance

that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed,

summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and

procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that

information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated

and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to

allow timely decisions regarding our required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and

procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can

provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply

its judgment in evaluating and implementing possible controls and procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, management has evaluated, with the participation of our Chief

Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures in effect as of

December 31, 2024, the end of the period covered by this report. As a result of management’s evaluation, our Chief

Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at

a reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2024, or as of the date of filing this report.

Our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2024 or as of the date of filing this report

because they did not adequately ensure the accumulation and communication to management of information known to

FHFA that is needed to meet our disclosure obligations under the federal securities laws. As a result, we were not able

to rely upon the disclosure controls and procedures that were in place as of December 31, 2024, or as of the date of this

filing, and we continue to have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. This material

weakness is described in more detail below under “Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

—Description of Material Weakness.” Based on discussions with FHFA and the structural nature of this material

weakness, we do not expect to remediate this material weakness while we are under conservatorship.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Overview

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.

Internal control over financial reporting, as defined in rules promulgated under the Exchange Act, is a process designed

by, or under the supervision of, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and effected by our Board of

Directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial

reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Internal control

over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

•pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and

dispositions of our assets;

•provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial

statements in accordance with GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in

accordance with authorizations of our management and our Board of Directors; and

•provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or

disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives

because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence

and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control

over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper override. Because of such limitations, there is

a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 154

Controls and Procedures

reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process, and it is possible to

design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In

making its assessment, management used the criteria established in the Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued

by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in May 2013. Management’s

assessment of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 identified a material weakness,

which is described below. Because of this material weakness, management has concluded that our internal control over

financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2024 or as of the date of filing this report.

Our independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, has issued an audit report on our internal

control over financial reporting, expressing an adverse opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial

reporting as of December 31, 2024. This report is included below under the heading “Report of Independent Registered

Public Accounting Firm.”

Description of Material Weakness

The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board’s Auditing Standard 2201 defines a material weakness as a

deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable

possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or

detected on a timely basis.

Management has determined that we continued to have the following material weakness as of December 31, 2024, and

as of the date of filing this report:

•Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We have been under the conservatorship of FHFA since September 2008.

Under the GSE Act, FHFA is an independent agency that currently functions as both our conservator and our

regulator with respect to our safety, soundness and mission. Because of the nature of the conservatorship

under the GSE Act, which places us under the “control” of FHFA (as that term is defined by securities laws),

some of the information that we may need to meet our disclosure obligations may be solely within the

knowledge of FHFA. As our conservator, FHFA has the power to take actions without our knowledge that could

be material to our stockholders and other stakeholders, and could significantly affect our financial performance

or our continued existence as an ongoing business. Although we and FHFA attempted to design and implement

disclosure policies and procedures that would account for the conservatorship and accomplish the same

objectives as a disclosure controls and procedures policy of a typical reporting company, there are inherent

structural limitations on our ability to design, implement, operate and test effective disclosure controls and

procedures. As both our regulator and our conservator under the GSE Act, FHFA is limited in its ability to design

and implement a complete set of disclosure controls and procedures relating to Fannie Mae, particularly with

respect to current reporting pursuant to Form 8-K. Similarly, as a regulated entity, we are limited in our ability to

design, implement, operate and test the controls and procedures for which FHFA is responsible.

Due to these circumstances, we have not been able to update our disclosure controls and procedures in a

manner that adequately ensures the accumulation and communication to management of information known to

FHFA that is needed to meet our disclosure obligations under the federal securities laws, including disclosures

affecting our consolidated financial statements. As a result, we did not maintain effective controls and

procedures designed to ensure complete and accurate disclosure as required by GAAP as of December 31,

2024, or as of the date of filing this report. Based on discussions with FHFA and the structural nature of this

weakness, we do not expect to remediate this material weakness while we are under conservatorship.

Mitigating Actions Related to Material Weakness

We and FHFA have engaged in the following practices intended to permit accumulation and communication to

management of information needed to meet our disclosure obligations under the federal securities laws:

•FHFA has established the Division of Conservatorship Oversight and Readiness, which is intended to facilitate

operation of the company with the oversight of the conservator.

•We have provided drafts of our SEC filings to FHFA personnel for their review and comment prior to filing. We

also have provided drafts of external press releases, statements and speeches to FHFA personnel for their

review and comment prior to release.

•FHFA personnel, including senior officials, have reviewed our SEC filings prior to filing, including this annual

report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (“2024 Form 10-K”), and engaged in discussions

regarding issues associated with the information contained in those filings. Prior to filing our 2024 Form 10-K,

FHFA provided Fannie Mae management with written acknowledgment that it had reviewed the 2024 Form 10-

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 155

Controls and Procedures

K, and it was not aware of any material misstatements or omissions in the 2024 Form 10-K and had no

objection to our filing the 2024 Form 10-K.

•Our senior management meets regularly with senior leadership at FHFA.

•FHFA representatives attend meetings frequently with various groups within the company to enhance the flow

of information and to provide oversight on a variety of matters, including accounting, credit and market risk

management, external communications and legal matters.

•Senior officials within FHFA’s Office of the Chief Accountant have met frequently with our senior finance

executives regarding our accounting policies, practices and procedures.

In view of these activities, we believe that our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024

have been prepared in conformity with GAAP.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management has evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, whether

any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter have materially

affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes

in our internal control over financial reporting from October 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024 that management

believes have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial

reporting.

In the ordinary course of business, we review our system of internal control over financial reporting and make changes

that we believe will improve these controls and increase efficiency, while continuing to ensure that we maintain effective

internal controls. Changes may include implementing new, more efficient systems, automating manual processes, and

updating existing systems.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 156

Controls and Procedures

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To Fannie Mae:

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Fannie Mae and consolidated entities (in

conservatorship) (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control –

Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission

(COSO). In our opinion, because of the effect of the material weakness identified below on the achievement of the

objectives of the control criteria, the Company has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of

December 31, 2024, based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by

COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United

States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, of the

Company and our report dated February 14, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and

included an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company’s dependence upon the continued support from the United

States Government through the United States Department of Treasury and the Federal Housing Finance Agency.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its

assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the

Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with

the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal

securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and

perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was

maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial

reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating

effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered

necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding

the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with

generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies

and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the

transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are

recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting

principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of

management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely

detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on

the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.

Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become

inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may

deteriorate.

Material Weakness

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such

that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial

statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weakness has been identified and

included in management’s assessment:

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 157

Controls and Procedures

•Disclosure Controls and Procedures – The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures did not adequately

ensure the accumulation and communication to management of information known to the Federal Housing

Finance Agency (as conservator) that is needed to meet their disclosure obligations under the federal securities

laws as they relate to financial reporting.

This material weakness was considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit

of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, of the Company and this

report does not affect our report on such financial statements.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

McLean, Virginia

February 14, 2025

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 158

Other Information

Item 9B.  Other Information

During the quarter ended December 31, 2024, no Fannie Mae director or officer (as that term is defined by the SEC in

Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1

trading arrangement for transactions in Fannie Mae securities.

Item 9C.  Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent

Inspections

Not applicable.

PART III

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Directors

Our current directors are listed below. They have provided the following information about their principal occupation,

business experience and other matters.

	Priscilla Almodovar
	Age 57 President and CEO Director since December 2022 Board committees:   • Community Responsibility and Sustainability

Ms. Almodovar is a Senior Executive with over 30 years of expertise in finance, real estate and community development

across a number of leading institutions and organizations. She brings significant experience in business operations,

large complex organizations, audit and financial reporting, risk and asset management, human capital, and strategic

planning. 

Experience and Qualifications

•President and CEO of Enterprise Community Partners (2019–2022), a national organization focused on investing in

and increasing the supply of affordable housing

•Managing Director at JPMorgan Chase, Inc. (2010–2019), where she led two of the company’s national real estate

businesses

•President and CEO of the New York State Housing Finance Agency and the State of New York Mortgage Agency

(2007–2009)

•Partner at White & Case LLP (1990–2004 ), a global law firm, specializing in international project finance

•Member of the Board of Realty Income Corporation (2021–present), a real estate investment trust, where she also

serves as Chair of the Board’s Audit Committee. Former member of the Board of Directors (2021) and Audit

Committee of VEREIT, Inc., which was acquired by Realty Income Corporation

	Amy E. Alving
	Age 62 Independent director since October 2013 Board committees:   • Nominating and Corporate Governance (Vice Chair)   • Risk Policy and Capital (Chair)

Dr. Alving has over 30 years of experience in technology, cybersecurity, and governance in business, government and

academic roles, including as a senior executive, member of public, non-profit, and university boards, as well as a

tenured university faculty member.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 159

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Directors

Experience and Qualifications

•Chief Technology Officer and Senior Vice President at Science Applications International Corporation (“SAIC”), now

known as Leidos Holdings, Inc., a scientific, engineering and technology applications company (2007–2013)

•Director of the Special Projects Office at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (1998–2005)

•White House Fellow (1997–1998)

•Tenured faculty member at the University of Minnesota (1990–1999)

•Member of the Board of Directors of Howmet Aerospace, Inc. and its predecessor Arconic, Inc. (2016–2017, and

2018–present); member of the Governance and Nominating Committee and the Cybersecurity Committee

•Member of the Board of Directors of DXC Technology Company (2017–2023); member of Audit and Nominating &

Governance Committees and Chair of Risk Committee

•Member of the Board of Directors of Pall Corporation (2010–2015); member of the Audit Committee and the

Nominating/Governance Committee

•Member of the Department of the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board, a body that advises the Secretary of the Air

Force and other Air Force senior leaders on scientific and technical matters (2021–present)

•Trustee of Princeton University (2019–2023)

	Christopher J. Brummer
	Age 49 Independent director since February 2021 Board committees:   • Community Responsibility and Sustainability (Vice Chair)   • Risk Policy and Capital

Dr. Brummer has extensive experience in financial technology and the law. He brings expertise on the regulatory

dimensions of finance, trade, and global economic issues. He is a tenured university professor and has lent his

expertise to policymakers, founders, startups, and nonprofits.

Experience and Qualifications

•Professor at Georgetown University Law Center (2009–present), where he serves as Agnes N. Williams

Sesquicentennial Professor of Financial Technology and as Faculty Director of Georgetown’s Institute of

International Economic Law

•Nonresident Senior Fellow for the Atlantic Council’s GeoEconomics Center (2012–present)

•Member of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission’s Subcommittee on Virtual Currencies (2018–present)

•Advisory Council Member for the Alliance for Innovative Regulation (2021–present)

•Advisory group member for the Digital Dollar Project (2022–present)

•Advisor to the investment fund Paradigm Operations LP (2021–2023)

•Founder of DC Fintech Week, a public policy conference on finance and technology (2016–present)

•Co-founder of the Fintech Beat podcast and newsletter for CQ Roll Call (2019) and author of a number of

publications

•Member of the Biden-Harris Presidential Transition Team (2020–2021)

•Senior Fellow for the Milken Institute’s Center for Financial Markets (2011–2017)

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 160

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Directors

	Renée Lewis Glover
	Age 75 Independent director since January 2016 Board committees:   • Community Responsibility and Sustainability   • Nominating and Corporate Governance (Chair)

Ms. Glover is a thought leader in urban strategy and a sponsor of community transformation. She is an experienced

business leader and public servant known for influencing the national conversation about housing affordability and

economic development.

Experience and Qualifications

•Founder and Managing Member of The Catalyst Group, LLC (2015–present), a national consulting firm focused on

urban revitalization, real estate development and community building, urban policy, and business transformation

•Member of the Board of Directors of Tricon Residential Inc. (2021–May 2024); member of the Audit Committee and

the Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

•Member of the Board of Trustees of Enterprise Community Partners, Inc. (2015–2022); member of the Executive

Committee; Chair of the Compensation and Human Resources Committee

•Member of the Board of Directors of Habitat for Humanity International (2006–2015); Chair of the Board of Directors

(2013–2015); member of the Audit, Finance, Operations and Executive Committees

•Member of the Board of Directors of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (2009–2014); member of the Audit and

Operational Risk Committee

•Commissioner of the Bipartisan Policy Center Housing Commission (2011–2014), which developed a set of

bipartisan recommendations concerning federal housing policy and housing finance

•President and CEO of the Atlanta Housing Authority and its affiliates (1994–2013)

•Corporate finance attorney in New York (1975–1986) and Atlanta (1986–1994)

•Member of the Board of Trustees of Starwood Waypoint Homes (2017); member of the Nominating and Corporate

Governance Committee and the Audit Committee

•Member of the Azimuth GRC Advisory Board (2020–present)

•Member of the Advisory Board for the J. Ronald Terwilliger Center for Housing Policy (2015–present)

•Member of the Advisory Board of the Penn Institute for Urban Research (until 2023)

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 161

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Directors

	Michael J. Heid
	Age 67 Independent director since May 2016 Board Chair since May 2022 Board committees:   • None Mr. Heid serves as an alternate member of each Board committee for the purpose of establishing a meeting quorum if needed.

Mr. Heid has over 30 years of senior executive experience in highly complex financial services organizations operating

in a heavily regulated environment.

Experience and Qualifications

•Executive Vice President (Home Lending) of Wells Fargo & Company (1997–2016)

•Various positions at Wells Fargo Home Mortgage, the mortgage banking division of Wells Fargo, and predecessor

companies (1998–2016), including President (2011–2015), Co-President (2004–2011), and Chief Financial Officer

(“CFO”) and Head of Loan Servicing

•Member of the Board of Directors of GreenSky, Inc. (2024–current); member of the Audit and Credit Risk and Asset

Liability Committees; Chair of the Compliance Committee

•Member of the Advisory Board for Home Partners of America (2016–2023)

•Member of the Board of Directors of Roosevelt Management Company LLC (2016–2023); Chair of the Risk

Committee; member of the Strategy Committee

	Simon Johnson
	Age 62 Independent director since February 2021 Board committees:   • Audit (Vice Chair)   • Risk Policy & Capital

Dr. Johnson is a global economist who brings expertise in entrepreneurship, finance, and policy-related matters. His

experience includes advising private nonpartisan organizations and serving as a tenured university professor. In 2024,

he won the Nobel Prize in Economics.

Experience and Qualifications

•Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (“MIT”) Sloan School of Management (1997–present),

Ronald A. Kurtz Professor of Entrepreneurship and Head of the Global Economics and Management Group at the

MIT Sloan School of Management (2004–present)

•Research Associate for the National Bureau of Economic Research, a private nonpartisan organization that

facilitates cutting-edge investigation and analysis of major economic issues (2009–present)

•Member of the Center for a New Economy’s Growth Commission on Puerto Rico (2017–2019)

•Member of the Financial Research Advisory Committee of the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Financial

Research (2014–2016); Chair of the Global Vulnerabilities Working Group

•Member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s Systemic Resolution Advisory Committee (2011–2016)

•Member of the Congressional Budget Office’s Panel of Economic Advisers (2009–2015)

•Senior follow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics (2008–2019)

•Chief Economist at the International Monetary Fund (2007–2008)

•Co-chair of the CFA Institute Systemic Risk Council, a public interest group that monitors progress on the

implementation of financial reforms (2022–present)

•Advisory Board member for the Institute for New Economic Thinking (2010–present)

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 162

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Directors

	Karin J. Kimbrough
	Age 56 Independent director since March 2019 Board committees:   • Community Responsibility and Sustainability (Chair)   • Compensation and Human Capital (Vice Chair)

Ms. Kimbrough is an economist with over 20 years of experience in business, banking, and finance. She provides

extensive private and public sector experience focused on consumer trends and financial and capital markets, as well

as expertise in financial stability risk assessments.

Experience and Qualifications

•Chief Economist for LinkedIn Corporation (2020–present)

•Assistant Treasurer for Google (2017–2019)

•Managing Director and Head of Macroeconomic Policy at Bank of America Merrill Lynch (2014–2017)

•Various positions at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, including Vice President and a director for the Financial

Stability Monitoring Function in the Markets Group (2010–2014) and Manager for Analytical Development (2005–

2010)

•Economist and strategist at Morgan Stanley (2000–2005)

•Member of the Board of Directors of Bread Financial Holdings, Inc. (2021–2023); member of the Compensation and

Risk Committees

•Member of the Board of Directors of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (2024–present); member of the

Audit & Risk Management Committee

•Member of the Board of Directors of the National Bureau of Economic Research (2023–present)

•Member of the academic advisory council of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago (2023–present)

	Diane N. Lye
	Age 63 Independent director since May 2024 Board committees:   • Audit   • Risk Policy and Capital

Dr. Lye has over 30 years of experience in data science and technology. She brings experience from a variety of

technology-centered leadership roles where she has transformed data and analytics technology environments through

big data and machine learning technology.

Experience and Qualifications

•Chief Information Officer at Rivian Automotive, Inc., an electric vehicle manufacturer (2022–2023)

•Various positions at Capital One, N.A., including Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer for Card

Technology (2019–2022) and Senior Vice President of Enterprise Data, Machine Learning, Risk and Finance

Technology (2016–2019)

•Variety of technology-centered leadership roles at Amazon, Citigroup, and Bank of America (2001–2016)

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 163

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Directors

	Diane C. Nordin
	Age 66 Independent director since November 2013; Board Vice Chair since April 2019 Board committees:   • Audit   • Compensation and Human Capital (Chair) Ms. Nordin also serves as an alternate member of each other Board committee for the purpose of establishing a meeting quorum if needed.

Ms. Nordin brings extensive experience in accounting and finance, talent management, and executive compensation.

She has over 30 years of experience as a chartered financial analyst, as well as in executive roles in asset

management and financial service companies.

Experience and Qualifications

•Various positions of increasing authority at private asset management company Wellington Management Company,

LLP after joining in 1991, including Partner (1995–2011), head of Fixed Income, Vice Chair of the Compensation

Committee, and Audit Chair of the Wellington Management Trust Company

•Fidelity Investments and Putnam Investments (1980–1991)

•Member of the Board of Directors of Principal Financial Group, Inc. (2017–present); Chair of the Audit Committee;

member of the Finance Committee

•Member of the Board of Directors of Antares Midco, Inc. (2016–present); Chair of the Compensation Committee

•Trustee of the Financial Accounting Foundation (2022–present)

•Chair of the Board of Governors of the CFA Institute (2019–2020); Chair of the Governance Committee

•Advanced Leadership Initiative Fellow at Harvard University (2011–2012)

•Chartered Financial Analyst

	Chetlur “Chet” S. Ragavan
	Age 70 Independent director since June 2023 Board committees:   • Nominating and Corporate Governance   • Risk Policy and Capital (Vice Chair)

Mr. Ragavan brings over 30 years of experience in risk management at financial services institutions with expertise

including significant risk oversight, financial services acumen, and broad strategic execution.

Experience and Qualifications

•Founder and Principal of Risk Response LLC (2019), which provides risk advisory and consulting services to global

financial institutions

•Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”) of Voya Financial, Inc. (formerly known as ING U.S., Inc.)

(2014–2019)

•Managing Director and CRO for Voya Investment Management (2008–2014)

•Managing Director and Co-Head of the Portfolio Analytics Group for BlackRock (2006–2008)

•Various positions of increasing authority at Merrill Lynch beginning in 1980, which include Managing Director and

Global Head of Fixed-Income Research of Merrill Lynch Investment Managers (2000–2006) and Managing Director

and Head of Risk Management of Merrill Lynch Asset Management (1992–2000)

•Member of the Board of Directors of CNO Financial Group, Inc. (2021–present); Chair of the Audit and Enterprise

Risk Committee; member of the Investment Committee

•Member of the Board of the Council for Economic Education (2016–present)

•Chartered Financial Analyst

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 164

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Directors

	Manuel “Manolo” Sánchez Rodríguez
	Age 59 Independent director since September 2018 Board committees:   • Compensation and Human Capital   • Nominating and Corporate Governance

Mr. Sánchez has extensive experience in the banking industry, including real estate, community, corporate, and

investment banking. He brings global insight, as well as his in-depth knowledge of banking and finance.

Experience and Qualifications

•President and CEO of Compass Bank, Inc. (“Compass Bank”), a U.S. subsidiary of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya

Argentaria, S.A. (“BBVA”) (2008–2017); Member of BBVA’s worldwide Executive Committee; Country Manager for

U.S. operations (2010–2017); Chairman of the Board of Directors of Compass Bank and its holding company, BBVA

Compass Bancshares, Inc. (2010–2017)

•Adjunct Professor at Rice University’s Jones Graduate School of Business (2018–present), where he teaches

disruption in financial services with a focus on crypto currencies and blockchain

•Member of the Board of Directors of Stewart Information Services Corporation (2019–present); member of the Audit

Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

•Member of the Board of Directors of Affirm Holdings, Inc. (2023–present); member of the Audit Committee and the

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

•Member of the Board of Directors of Elevate Credit, Inc. (2021–2023)

•Member of the Board of Directors of BanCoppel S.A. Institución de Banca Múltiple in Mexico City (2019–2021)

•Member of the Board of Directors of On Deck Capital, Inc. (2018–2020); member of the Audit Committee and the

Compensation Committee

•Founder of Adelante Ventures LLC (2018)

	Michael A. Seelig
	Age 62 Independent director since March 2023 Board committees:   • Audit (Chair)   • Compensation and Human Capital

Mr. Seelig recently retired as a senior executive and partner at a global accounting firm. He has over 35 years of diverse

experience serving clients in the financial services industry, with duties including risk navigation, regulatory matters, and

financial reporting.

Experience and Qualifications

•Partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (1997–2022); served in a variety of leadership roles within

PricewaterhouseCoopers, where he was responsible for driving various aspects of the firm’s strategy and

operations in several national, market and sector-based capacities

•Member of the Audit Committee of the University of Florida Foundation Board (2023–present); Vice Chair

•Licensed certified public accountant

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 165

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Directors

	Scott D. Stowell
	Age 67 Independent director since November 2024 Board committees:   • Community Responsibility and Sustainability   • Nominating and Corporate Governance

Mr. Stowell has nearly 40 years of experience in the U.S. homebuilding industry, including single-family homes, mixed-

use communities, and projects meeting local governments’ affordability requirements.

Experience and Qualifications

•Founder, CEO, and President of Capital Thirteen LLC, an advisory, real estate, and angel investing company

(2019–present)

•Executive chairman of CalAtlantic Group, Inc., a publicly-traded company that specialized in homebuilding (2015–

2018); after CalAtlantic Group’s merger with Lennar Corporation, retired as executive chairman and served on the

board of directors of Lennar Corporation (2018–2021)

•Various positions at Standard Pacific Homes (CalAtlantic Group’s predecessor) beginning in 1986, including as

CEO (2012–2015), President (2011–2015), and Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) (2007–2011)

•HomeAid America Inc., a non-profit organization whose mission is to help people experiencing or at risk of

homelessness build new lives through construction, community engagement, and education: member of the Board

of Directors (2013–current), former Executive Committee member (2013–2023), past Chair (2017–2018)

•Member of the Board of Directors at Toll Brothers, Inc., a home-building company (2021–present); lead independent

director and member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

•Board member of Pacific Mutual Holding Company (2013–present); member of the Governance and Nominating

Committee and Chair of the Talent Development and Compensation Committee

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 166

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Corporate Governance

Corporate Governance

Conservatorship and Board Authorities

Overview

In September 2008, the FHFA Director appointed FHFA as our conservator in accordance with the GSE Act. As

conservator, FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of Fannie Mae, and of any stockholder, officer or

director of Fannie Mae with respect to Fannie Mae and its assets. As a result, our Board of Directors no longer had the

power or duty to manage, direct or oversee our business and affairs.

As conservator, FHFA reconstituted our Board of Directors and provided the Board with specified functions and

authorities. Our directors serve on behalf of the conservator and exercise their authority as directed by and with the

approval, where required, of the conservator. Our directors owe their fiduciary duties of care and loyalty solely to the

conservator. Thus, while we are in conservatorship, the Board has no fiduciary duties to the company or its

stockholders.

Our Board of Directors exercises specified functions and authorities provided to it pursuant to an order from FHFA, as

our conservator.

FHFA Instructions

The conservator also provided instructions regarding matters for which conservator decision or notification is required.

The conservator retains the authority to amend or withdraw its order and instructions at any time.

FHFA’s instructions require that we obtain the conservator’s decision before taking action on matters that require the

consent of or consultation with Treasury under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement. See “Business—

Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements—Treasury Agreements—Covenants” for matters that require the approval of

Treasury under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement.

FHFA’s instructions also require us to obtain the conservator’s decision before taking action in the areas identified

below. FHFA’s instructions specify that our Board (or in some cases a Board committee) must review and approve the

matters listed below before we request FHFA decision:

•redemptions or repurchases of our subordinated debt, except as may be necessary to comply with the senior

preferred stock purchase agreement;

•creation of any subsidiary or affiliate, or entering into a substantial transaction with a subsidiary or affiliate,

except for routine ongoing transactions with CSS or the creation of, or a transaction with, a subsidiary or

affiliate undertaken in the ordinary course of business;

•changes to or removal of Board risk limits that would result in an increase in the amount of risk that we may

take;

•retention and termination of the external auditor;

•terminations of law firms serving as consultants to the Board;

•proposed amendments to our bylaws or to charters of our Board committees;

•setting or increasing the compensation or benefits payable to members of the Board; and

•establishing the annual operating budget.

For the following matters, FHFA’s instructions require us to obtain the conservator’s decision, and the Board is expected

to determine the appropriate level of its engagement:

•material changes in accounting policy;

•proposed changes in our business operations, activities, and transactions that in the reasonable business

judgment of management are more likely than not to result in a significant increase in credit, market,

reputational, operational or other key risks;

•matters that impact or question the conservator’s powers, our conservatorship status, the legal effect of the

conservatorship, interpretations of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement or the Financial Agency

Agreement with Treasury or our performance under the Financial Agency Agreement;

•agreements relating to litigation, lawsuits, claims, demands, prosecutions, regulatory proceedings or tax

matters where the amount in dispute exceeds a specified threshold, including related matters that aggregate to

more than the threshold;

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 167

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Corporate Governance

•mergers, acquisitions and changes in control of key counterparties where we have a direct contractual right to

cease doing business with the entity or object to the merger or acquisition;

•changes to requirements, policies, frameworks, standards or products that are aligned with Freddie Mac’s,

pursuant to FHFA’s direction;

•credit risk transfer transactions that are a new transaction type, involve a material change in terms, or involve a

new type of collateral;

•transfers of mortgage servicing rights that meet minimum size thresholds and would increase the transferee’s

servicing of Fannie Mae seriously delinquent loans by more than a specified threshold; and

•changes in employee compensation that could significantly impact our employees, including special incentive

plans, merit increase pool funding, and retention awards for executives.

FHFA’s instructions also require us to provide timely notice to FHFA of: activities that represent a significant change in

current business practices, operations, policies or strategies not otherwise addressed in the instructions; exceptions and

waivers to aligned requirements, policies, frameworks, standards or products if not otherwise submitted to FHFA for

decision as required above; and accounting error corrections to previously-issued financial statements that are not de

minimis. FHFA will then determine whether any such items require its decision as conservator. For more information on

the conservatorship, refer to “Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements.”

Composition of Board of Directors

FHFA has directed that our Board of Directors should have a minimum of nine and not more than thirteen directors.

There is a non-executive Chair of the Board and Vice Chair of the Board, and our President and CEO is the only

corporate officer serving as a director. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines, in accordance with FHFA corporate

governance regulations, require a majority of Fannie Mae’s directors to be independent. The Board currently has

thirteen members, all of whom are independent except for our President and CEO. See “Certain Relationships and

Related Transactions, and Director Independence—Director Independence” for more information about our

independence requirements and our directors’ independence.

Under the Charter Act, each director is elected for a term ending on the date of our next annual stockholders’ meeting.

Fannie Mae’s bylaws provide that each director holds office for the term for which they were elected or appointed, and

will hold office until their successor is chosen and qualified, or until the Board member’s earlier resignation, retirement,

removal, or death. Following our entry into conservatorship in 2008, the conservator appointed an initial group of

directors to our Board, provided the Board with the authority to appoint directors to subsequent vacancies subject to

conservator review, and defined the term of service of directors during conservatorship. The conservator’s 2008 order

provides that each director serves on the Board until the earlier of (1) resignation or removal by the conservator or

(2) the election of a successor director at an annual meeting of stockholders. FHFA as our conservator has all powers of

our stockholders and suspended stockholder meetings after we entered into conservatorship. As a result, we have not

held stockholders’ meetings since that time. Subsequent vacancies have been, and may continue to be, filled by the

Board, subject to review by the conservator.

We implemented an annual election schedule for Board members in 2024. In December 2024, FHFA, exercising the

voting power of holders of our common stock, elected each of our current Board members. Each Board member will

serve for a term that ends on the date of our next annual stockholders’ meeting, or when the conservator next elects our

Board members by written consent. This schedule replaces a three-year term limit established in 2021 for some of our

Board members. Ms. Almodovar’s service on the Board ceases at the termination of her employment as CEO unless

otherwise requested by the Board.

Absent a waiver from FHFA, FHFA corporate governance regulations limit service on our Board to ten years or age 72,

whichever comes first. FHFA has approved waivers of the Board age limit to allow Ms. Glover to serve on the Board

until November 2025 and Mr. Ragavan until May 2029. FHFA has also approved waivers of the ten-year Board term limit

to allow Ms. Alving to serve through October 2026, Ms. Nordin through November 2026, and Mr. Heid until May 2029.

In determining whether to recommend a director for reelection, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

will consider, among other factors, (1) the director’s independence, (2) the director’s willingness to continue to serve on

the Board and devote the necessary time, including their attendance at Board and Board committee meetings and

whether their service on outside boards and other activities permits them sufficient time to continue to serve on the

Board, (3) the contributions they have made to Board and Committee discussions and decision-making, (4) their

continued involvement in business and professional activities relevant to Fannie Mae, (5) the skills and experience that

should be represented on the Board, and (6) the diversity in ideas and perspectives represented on the Board.

Under the Charter Act, our Board shall at all times have as members at least one person from each of the homebuilding,

mortgage lending and real estate industries, and at least one person from an organization that has represented

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 168

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Corporate Governance

consumer or community interests for not less than two years or one person who has demonstrated a career

commitment to the provision of housing for low-income households. In addition, under our Corporate Governance

Guidelines, the Board as a group must be knowledgeable in business, finance, capital markets, accounting, risk

management, public policy, mortgage lending, real estate, low-income housing, homebuilding, regulation of financial

institutions, technology, and any other areas as may be relevant to the safe and sound operation of Fannie Mae. In

addition to expertise in the areas noted above, our Corporate Governance Guidelines specify that the Nominating and

Corporate Governance Committee also seeks prospective Board candidates who possess the highest personal values,

judgment and integrity, and who understand the regulatory and policy environment in which Fannie Mae does business.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also considers whether a prospective Board candidate has the

ability to attend meetings and fully participate in the activities of the Board.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also considers diversity when evaluating the composition of the

Board. Under our Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is

committed to considering minorities, women and individuals with disabilities in identifying prospective Board candidates,

and the Committee also seeks Board members who represent diversity in ideas and perspectives. These provisions of

our Corporate Governance Guidelines implement FHFA regulations that require us to implement and maintain policies

and procedures that, among other things, encourage the consideration of diversity in nominating or soliciting nominees

for positions on our Board.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee evaluates the qualifications and performance of current

directors on an annual basis, taking into consideration factors related to a Board member’s contribution to the effective

functioning of the Board. Ms. Almodovar serves as a member of our Board of Directors in connection with her role as

our CEO. In its assessment of our independent directors and its evaluation of potential candidates for director, the

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also considers each individual’s particular experience, qualifications,

attributes and skills in areas identified in our Corporate Governance Guidelines and listed in the table below. In

concluding our independent directors should serve as directors, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

took into account their expertise in these areas, which our directors gained from their experience described in

“Directors.”

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 169

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Corporate Governance

Director Experience, Qualifications, Attributes and Skills

Board Leadership Structure

FHFA corporate governance regulations and our Corporate Governance Guidelines require separate Chair of the Board

and CEO positions and require that the Chair of the Board be an independent director. A non-executive Chair structure

enables non-management directors to raise issues and concerns for Board consideration without immediately involving

management and is consistent with the Board’s emphasis on independent oversight of management, including

independent risk oversight.

Our Board has five standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Community Responsibility and Sustainability

Committee, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee,

and the Risk Policy and Capital Committee. Pursuant to FHFA direction, with such exceptions as the conservator may

direct, the Board and the standing Board committees function in accordance with:

•their designated duties and authorities as set forth in the Charter Act, other applicable federal law, FHFA’s

corporate governance rules, FHFA’s prudential management and operations standards, FHFA written

supervisory guidance and direction, and, to the extent not inconsistent with the foregoing, Delaware law (insofar

as Fannie Mae has adopted its provisions for corporate governance purposes);

•Fannie Mae’s bylaws and the applicable charters of Fannie Mae’s Board committees; and

•such other duties or authorities as the conservator may provide.

Such duties or authorities may be modified by the conservator at any time.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 170

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Corporate Governance

Committee Charters and Corporate Governance

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines and charters for each of the Board’s standing committees are posted on our

website, www.fanniemae.com, in the “About Us—Corporate Governance” section. Although our equity securities are no

longer listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), we are required by FHFA corporate governance regulations to

follow specified NYSE corporate governance requirements relating to, among other things, the independence of our

directors and the charter, independence, composition, expertise, duties, responsibilities and other requirements of our

Board committees.

Risk Management Oversight

Our Board of Directors oversees risk management primarily through the Risk Policy and Capital Committee of the

Board. FHFA corporate governance regulations set forth risk management requirements for our Board and our Risk

Policy and Capital Committee, as described below. These regulations require that our Board approve, have in effect at

all times, and periodically review an enterprise-wide risk management program that establishes our risk appetite, aligns

the risk appetite with our strategies and objectives, and addresses our exposure to credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk,

business risk and operational risk. Our risk management program must align with our risk appetite and include risk

limitations appropriate to each line of business, appropriate policies and procedures relating to risk management

governance, risk oversight infrastructure, and processes and systems for identifying and reporting risks, including

emerging risks. Our program must also include provisions for monitoring compliance with our risk limit structure and

policies relating to risk management governance, risk oversight, and effective and timely implementation of corrective

actions. Additional provisions must specify management’s authority and independence to carry out risk management

responsibilities and the integration of risk management with management’s goals and compensation structure. FHFA

corporate governance regulations require our Risk Policy and Capital Committee to assist the Board in carrying out its

oversight of our risk management program. These regulations also require that our Risk Policy and Capital Committee

must:

•be chaired by a director not serving Fannie Mae in a management capacity;

•have at least one member with risk management experience that is commensurate with our capital structure,

risk appetite, complexity, activities, size and other appropriate risk-related factors;

•have committee members with a practical understanding of risk management principles and practices relevant

to Fannie Mae;

•fully document and maintain records of its meetings; and

•report directly to the Board and not as part of, or combined with, another committee.

FHFA corporate governance regulations set forth specific responsibilities for our Risk Policy and Capital Committee,

including that it must:

•periodically review and recommend for Board approval an appropriate enterprise-wide risk management

program that is commensurate with our capital structure, risk appetite, complexity, activities, size and other

appropriate risk-related factors;

•receive and review regular reports from our CRO; and

•periodically review the capabilities for, and adequacy of resources allocated to, enterprise-wide risk

management.

Our Risk Policy and Capital Committee Charter also sets forth the Risk Policy and Capital Committee’s duties and

responsibilities in overseeing risk management for all of our major categories of risk and any other emerging risks. For

more information on the role of our Board and management in risk oversight, see “MD&A—Risk Management—

Overview—Risk Management Governance” and “Cybersecurity—Cybersecurity Governance—Board Oversight.”

Human Capital Management Oversight

The Compensation and Human Capital Committee of the Board has oversight of Fannie Mae’s human capital

management. As part of its oversight role, the Committee reviews our primary compensation programs and benefits,

succession planning for executives, as well as corporate culture and employee engagement.

Audit Committee Membership

Our Board of Directors has a standing Audit Committee consisting of Mr. Seelig, who is the Chair, Dr. Johnson, who is

the Vice Chair, Dr. Lye, and Ms. Nordin. Mr. Heid also serves as an alternate member of the Audit Committee for the

purpose of establishing a meeting quorum if needed. All of the Audit Committee members are financially literate and

independent under the requirements of independence set forth in FHFA corporate governance regulations (which

requires the standard of independence adopted by the NYSE), Fannie Mae’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, and

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 171

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Corporate Governance

other SEC rules and regulations applicable to audit committees. The Board has determined that Mr. Seelig, Dr.

Johnson, Ms. Nordin, and Mr. Heid each have the requisite experience, as discussed in “Directors,” to qualify as an

“audit committee financial expert” under the rules and regulations of the SEC and has designated each of them as such.

Executive Sessions

Our non-management directors meet in executive session on a regularly scheduled basis. Our Board of Directors

reserves time for an executive session at every regularly scheduled in-person Board meeting. The non-executive Chair

of the Board presides over these sessions.

Communications with Directors or Audit Committee

Interested parties wishing to communicate any concerns or questions about Fannie Mae to the non-executive Chair of

the Board or to our non-management directors individually or as a group may do so by electronic mail addressed to

“board@fanniemae.com,” or by U.S. mail addressed to Board of Directors, c/o Office of the Corporate Secretary, Fannie

Mae, 1100 15th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Communications may be addressed to a specific director or

directors, including Mr. Heid, the Board Chair, or to groups of directors, such as the independent or non-management

directors.

Interested parties wishing to communicate with the Audit Committee regarding accounting, internal accounting controls

or auditing matters may do so by electronic mail addressed to “auditcommittee@fanniemae.com,” or by U.S. mail

addressed to Audit Committee, c/o Office of the Corporate Secretary, Fannie Mae, 1100 15th Street, NW, Washington,

DC 20005.

The Office of the Corporate Secretary is responsible for processing all communications to a director or directors.

Communications that are deemed by the Office of the Corporate Secretary to be commercial solicitations, ordinary

course customer inquiries or complaints, incoherent or obscene are not forwarded to directors.

Director Nominations; Stockholder Proposals

Under the GSE Act, FHFA, as conservator, has all rights, titles, powers and privileges of the stockholders and Board of

Directors of Fannie Mae. As a result, Fannie Mae’s common stockholders no longer have the ability to recommend

director nominees or elect the directors of Fannie Mae or bring business before any meeting of stockholders pursuant to

the procedures in our bylaws. We currently do not plan to hold an annual meeting of stockholders in 2025.

Codes of Conduct

We have a Code of Conduct that is applicable to all officers and employees (our “Employee Code of Conduct”) and a

Code of Conduct for the Board of Directors (our “Director Code of Conduct”). Our Employee Code of Conduct also

serves as the code of ethics for our CEO and senior financial officers required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and

implementing regulations of the SEC. We have posted these codes on our website, at www.fanniemae.com, in “About

Us—Corporate Governance—Code of Conduct,” which is also where we intend to provide any required disclosure about

waivers of or amendments to these codes.

Insider Trading Policy, including Prohibitions against Hedging and Pledging

We have policies and procedures that govern the purchase, sale, and other disposition of Fannie Mae securities by our

directors, officers, or employees. These policies and procedures also provide that we take steps to manage the flow of

information to employees authorized to engage in certain trades on behalf of Fannie Mae. We believe these policies and

procedures are reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules, regulations and applicable

listing standards. A copy of our Insider Trading Policy is filed with this report as Exhibit 19.

Among other provisions, our Insider Trading Policy prohibits all Fannie Mae employees, officers and directors from:

•buying or selling Fannie Mae securities while in possession of material, nonpublic information or outside of

applicable trading windows;

•engaging in short-term or speculative transactions relating to Fannie Mae securities:

◦options, puts, calls or other derivative securities;

◦short sales;

◦hedging transactions such as prepaid variable forwards, equity swaps, collars and exchange funds,

and other derivatives; and

•holding Fannie Mae securities in an account with a margin loan balance or otherwise pledging Fannie Mae

securities as collateral for a loan.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 172

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors

Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors

The Audit Committee’s charter sets forth the Audit Committee’s duties and responsibilities, and provides that the Audit

Committee’s purpose is to:

•oversee (a) our accounting, reporting, and financial practices and those of our subsidiaries, including the

integrity of our financial statements and internal control over financial reporting, (b) our compliance with legal

and regulatory requirements, (c) the external auditor’s qualifications, independence, and performance, and

(d) the qualifications, independence, and performance of our internal audit function and chief audit executive;

•approve, or recommend for Board approval, as appropriate, certain of our policies relating to the Audit

Committee’s oversight of the external auditor relationship, internal audit function, and the compliance

department; and

•prepare the report required by the rules of the SEC to be included in our annual proxy statement in years in

which Fannie Mae holds an Annual Meeting of Stockholders and files a proxy statement.

In accordance with this purpose, the Audit Committee has the authority to appoint, compensate, retain, oversee,

evaluate and terminate our independent external auditor (referred to as the “independent auditor”); however, the Audit

Committee is required to consult and obtain the decision of the conservator before exercising some of these authorities.

The independent auditor reports directly to the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee is responsible for fee

negotiations with the independent auditor and pre-approves the fees for and the terms of all audit and permissible non-

audit services to be provided by the independent auditor. The Audit Committee has delegated to its Chair the authority

to pre-approve such services up to $1 million per engagement, which pre-approval must be ratified by the Audit

Committee at its next scheduled meeting. The Audit Committee has the authority to retain counsel, accountants, experts

and other advisors to assist the Audit Committee members in carrying out their duties; however, the Audit Committee’s

authority to terminate law firms serving as consultants to the Committee is subject to the conservator’s decision.

As described in “Corporate Governance—Audit Committee Membership,” the Board has determined that all members of

Fannie Mae’s Audit Committee are financially literate and all are independent under the independence requirements set

forth in FHFA corporate governance regulations (which require compliance with the independence standards adopted by

the NYSE) and that Mr. Seelig, Dr. Johnson, Ms. Nordin, and Mr. Heid are “audit committee financial experts” under the

rules and regulations of the SEC.

The Audit Committee serves in an oversight capacity. Management is responsible for the financial reporting process,

including the system of internal controls, for the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with

GAAP and for the report on the company’s internal control over financial reporting. The company’s independent auditor,

Deloitte & Touche LLP (“Deloitte”), is responsible for planning and conducting an independent audit of those financial

statements and expressing an opinion as to their conformity with GAAP and expressing an opinion on the effectiveness

of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Audit Committee’s responsibility is to oversee the financial

reporting process and to review and discuss management’s report on the company’s internal control over financial

reporting. The Audit Committee relies, without independent verification, on the information provided to it and on the

representations made by management, the internal audit function and the independent auditor, representatives of whom

generally attend each Audit Committee meeting.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Audit Committee, among other things:

•reviewed and discussed the company’s quarterly earnings releases, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and this

Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the consolidated financial statements;

•together with the Board and the other Board Committees, reviewed the company’s major legal and compliance

risk exposures and the guidelines and policies that govern the process for risk assessment and risk

management;

•reviewed and discussed reports from management on the company’s policies regarding applicable legal and

regulatory requirements;

•reviewed and discussed the plan and scope of the 2024 audit work for the independent auditor;

•reviewed and discussed with management the company’s 2023 Corporate Responsibility & Impact Report;

•reviewed, discussed and approved the 2024 internal audit plan and budget, and reviewed and discussed

summaries of the significant reports by the internal audit function;

•reviewed the performance and compensation of the Chief Audit Executive and Chief Compliance Officer;

•reviewed the engagement, independence and quality control procedures of the independent auditor, as

described in further detail below;

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 173

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors

•met with and/or received reports from senior representatives of the following divisions or departments of the

company: Finance, Legal, Compliance and Ethics, and Internal Audit; and

•met regularly in executive sessions with each of Deloitte, the internal audit function and company management,

including the CFO, the Chief Compliance Officer and the Chief Audit Executive, which provided an additional

opportunity for Deloitte and the others noted to provide candid feedback to the Committee.

The Audit Committee also reviewed and discussed with management, the Chief Audit Executive and Deloitte:

•the audited consolidated financial statements for 2024;

•the critical accounting estimates that are set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K;

•management’s annual report on the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

•Deloitte’s opinion on the consolidated financial statements, including the critical audit matters addressed during

the audit, and the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

The Audit Committee has discussed with Deloitte the matters required to be discussed by the applicable requirements

of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) and the SEC. The Audit Committee has received from

Deloitte the written communications required by applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding Deloitte’s

communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence, and also has discussed with Deloitte its

independence from the company.

In evaluating Deloitte’s independence, the Audit Committee considered whether services it provided to the company

beyond those rendered in connection with its audit of the company’s consolidated financial statements, reviews of the

company’s interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and its

opinion on the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting would impair its independence.

The Committee also reviewed and pre-approved, among other things, the audit, audit-related and non-audit-related

services performed by Deloitte. The Committee received regular updates on the amount of fees and scope of audit,

audit-related and non-audit-related services provided. The Committee concluded that the provision of services by

Deloitte did not impair its independence.

Deloitte has served as the company’s independent auditor since 2005. The Audit Committee selects Deloitte’s lead audit

partner who, along with the engagement quality review partner, rotates every five years. Pursuant to this schedule, in

2022 the Audit Committee selected a new lead audit partner, who began in the role with the fiscal year 2023 audit. The

Audit Committee evaluates the independent auditor’s qualifications, performance and independence on at least an

annual basis. The factors the Audit Committee considered in evaluating and approving Deloitte’s appointment as the

company’s independent auditor included:

•Deloitte’s technical expertise and industry experience;

•its institutional knowledge of the company’s business, significant accounting practices and system of internal

control over financial reporting;

•audit effectiveness, including the quality of Deloitte’s audit work, its quality control procedures, the expertise

and performance of the lead audit partner, and the professionalism and demonstrated objectivity and

skepticism of Deloitte’s team;

•the frequency and quality of Deloitte’s communication with the Committee, and the level of support provided to

the Committee;

•external data on audit quality and performance and legal and regulatory matters involving Deloitte, including the

results of PCAOB inspection reports and Deloitte’s peer review reports, and actions by Deloitte to continue to

enhance the quality of its audit practice; and

•Deloitte’s independence and its policies and procedures regarding independence.

Based on the reviews, reports, meetings and discussions referred to above, and subject to the limitations on the Audit

Committee’s role and responsibilities described above and in the Audit Committee Charter, the Audit Committee

recommended to the Board of Directors that the company’s audited consolidated financial statements for 2024 be

included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for filing with the SEC. In addition, the Audit Committee approved the

appointment of Fannie Mae’s independent auditor, Deloitte & Touche LLP, for 2025. FHFA, as the company’s

conservator, approved Deloitte’s appointment as Fannie Mae’s independent auditor for 2025.

Audit Committee:

Michael A. Seelig, Chair

Simon Johnson, Vice Chair

Diane N. Lye

Diane C. Nordin

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 174

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Executive Officers

Executive Officers

Under our bylaws, each executive officer holds office until their successor is chosen and qualified or until they die,

resign, retire or are removed from office, whichever occurs first.

Ms. Almodovar, our President and CEO, has served as a member of our Board of Directors since December 2022.

Information about her business experience and other matters is provided in “Directors.” As of February 14, 2025, we

have seven other executive officers:

	Peter Akwaboah
	Age 55	Executive Vice President—COO Joined Fannie Mae in 2024

Mr. Akwaboah has served as Executive Vice President—COO since May 2024. In this capacity, he oversees a portfolio

of enterprise shared services, including the Chief Information Office, Enterprise Security and Resilience, Operations,

and Workplace functions. These functions are core to fostering operational excellence, advancing innovation, and

ensuring alignment with our long-term strategic objectives. Mr. Akwaboah has nearly 30 years of leadership experience

in financial services, transforming operations and technology on a global scale. Before joining Fannie Mae, he served as

Managing Director at Morgan Stanley from 2015 to May 2024, where he ultimately served as COO of Technology and

Head of Innovation and helped shape the firm’s technology strategy. Additionally, from 2017 to 2020, he led Morgan

Stanley’s Global Shared Services and Banking Operations. Mr. Akwaboah also contributed to industry advancements as

a member of the Federal Reserve Bank’s Payments Risk Committee and as a director on the Board of the Morgan

Stanley Foundation. Prior to his tenure at Morgan Stanley, Mr. Akwaboah spent more than a decade at the Royal Bank

of Scotland, where he served as Asia Pacific COO. Earlier in his career, he held leadership roles in operations,

technology, and strategic consulting at Deutsche Bank, KPMG and IBM, where he led cross-functional initiatives and

enterprise-level transformation. Mr. Akwaboah serves on the Boards of the Foundation of Orthopedics and Complex

Spine and the Museum of American Finance.

	Malloy Evans
	Age 51	Executive Vice President—Single-Family Joined Fannie Mae in 2004

Mr. Evans has served as Executive Vice President—Single-Family since May 2021. He is responsible for our single-

family business functions, including leading the teams responsible for maintaining our single-family mortgage acquisition

and servicing standards, providing liquidity to the single-family mortgage market, and facilitating access to

homeownership across America. Mr. Evans has served in various leadership roles at Fannie Mae, most recently as

Senior Vice President and Chief Credit Officer for Single-Family from 2019 to 2021, where he was responsible for first-

line credit risk management from mortgage acquisition through disposition. He started his Fannie Mae career in 2004 as

an attorney in our legal department, where he advised the business on our multi-class securitization program and later

supported the company’s administration of the Treasury Department’s Making Home Affordable program.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 175

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Executive Officers

	Michele M. Evans
	Age 61	Executive Vice President—Multifamily Joined Fannie Mae in 1992

Ms. Evans has served as Executive Vice President—Multifamily since August 2020. In this role, she has been

responsible for our multifamily business functions, including leading the teams responsible for maintaining our

multifamily mortgage acquisition and servicing standards, providing liquidity to the multifamily mortgage market, and

facilitating access to quality affordable rental housing across America. Ms. Evans has notified us that she plans to retire

from Fannie Mae in March 2025. Ms. Evans has served in various roles at Fannie Mae, most recently as Senior Vice

President and COO for Multifamily, from 2009 to 2020, where she was responsible for driving the digital transformation

of our Multifamily business; managing loan products; innovating with data; operational risk; and leading Multifamily’s

strategy. After joining Fannie Mae in 1992 as an analyst, Ms. Evans managed DUS and non-DUS lender relationships,

including affordable transactions and credit responsibilities, and held other leadership roles across the Multifamily

business.

	Chryssa C. Halley
	Age 58	Executive Vice President and CFO Joined Fannie Mae in 2006

Ms. Halley has served as Executive Vice President and CFO since November 2021. In this role, she is responsible for

our financial management as well as modeling, climate-related risk management, and corporate strategy. Previously,

Ms. Halley served as Fannie Mae’s Senior Vice President and Controller, from 2017 to 2021. Since joining Fannie Mae

in 2006, she has held a variety of positions, including Senior Vice President and Deputy Controller; Vice President and

Assistant Controller for Capital Markets and Operations; Vice President for Tax, Debt and Derivatives, and Securities

Accounting; and Vice President for Corporate Tax.

	Danielle M. McCoy
	Age 48	Senior Vice President, General Counsel, and Corporate Secretary Joined Fannie Mae in 2006

Ms. McCoy has served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel, and Corporate Secretary since January 2024. Ms.

McCoy served as Senior Vice President, Enterprise Deputy General Counsel and Deputy Corporate Secretary from

2021 to 2023, overseeing four areas within the legal department: corporate governance, fair lending, corporate data and

technology, and data privacy and cybersecurity. Before assuming this position, from 2015 to 2021, she served as

Fannie Mae’s Fair Lending Officer in her role as Vice President and Deputy General Counsel of Fair Lending and was

responsible for fair lending compliance, legal analysis, and analytics activities. Prior to that role, Ms. McCoy served as

Deputy General Counsel for Corporate Governance, providing legal advice to senior management and the Fannie Mae

Board of Directors. Ms. McCoy joined Fannie Mae in 2006.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 176

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Executive Officers

	Anthony Moon
	Age 60	Executive Vice President and CRO Joined Fannie Mae in 2022

Mr. Moon has served as Fannie Mae’s Executive Vice President and CRO since December 2022. In this role, he is

responsible for our Corporate Risk & Compliance division, which oversees the company’s governance and strategy for

global risk management, including establishing our overarching risk governance framework as well as risk appetite. Mr.

Moon has over 30 years of experience in financial services and over 25 years of experience in risk management. Mr.

Moon previously served as CRO for Wealth Management and the Morgan Stanley Private Bank at Morgan Stanley, from

2015 to December 2022. In that role, he was responsible for risk management oversight for market, credit, operational,

liquidity, model, and strategic risks. He previously held risk leadership positions at GE Capital, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi,

and Bankers Trust. Mr. Moon also serves as a Board Member for the Cortland College Foundation.

	Stergios “Terry” Theologides
	Age 58	Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer Joined Fannie Mae in 2019

Mr. Theologides has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer since January 2024. In this

role, he is responsible for leading our Legal, Communications, Government and Industry Relations, Marketing,

Economic and Strategic Research, and Mission & Impact groups. From 2019 to 2023, Mr. Theologides served as

Fannie Mae’s Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary. Prior to joining Fannie Mae, from

2017 to 2019, Mr. Theologides was in private legal practice at Theologides Law, P.C. He served as Senior Vice

President, General Counsel and Secretary of CoreLogic, Inc. from 2010 to 2017, and served as Senior Vice President

and General Counsel, Information Solutions Group, of The First American Corporation, CoreLogic’s predecessor, from

2009 to 2010. Mr. Theologides was Executive Vice President and General Counsel for Morgan Stanley’s U.S. residential

mortgage businesses from 2007 to 2009. He was Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary for New

Century Financial Corporation from 1998 to 2007. Mr. Theologides was in private legal practice at O’Melveny & Myers

LLP from 1992 to 1996.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 177

Executive Compensation | Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Item 11.  Executive Compensation

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Named Executives for 2024

This Compensation Discussion and Analysis focuses on our compensation decisions and arrangements for 2024

relating to the following executive officers, whom we refer to as our “named executives”:

•Priscilla AlmodovarPresident and CEO

•Chryssa C. HalleyExecutive Vice President and CFO

•Peter A. Akwaboah  Executive Vice President and COO

•Malloy Evans              Executive Vice President—Single-Family

•Anthony MoonExecutive Vice President and CRO

Executive Summary

Due to our conservatorship status and other legal requirements, FHFA, our conservator and regulator, has substantial

oversight and approval rights over our executive compensation arrangements and determinations. While conserving

taxpayer resources is an important objective of FHFA’s design of our executive compensation program, we and FHFA

understand that this objective must be balanced with our need to attract and retain qualified and experienced

executives. In addition to FHFA’s oversight, Congress has also enacted legislation that significantly impacts the

compensation we pay our named executives, as we describe in “Restrictions on Executive Compensation.”

Compensation for our President and CEO is limited by statute while we are in conservatorship or receivership. Our 2024

compensation arrangements with our other named executives, which we refer to as the “2024 executive compensation

program,” were developed by FHFA in consultation with Treasury. Named executives other than our President and CEO

receive two principal elements of compensation: base salary, which is paid throughout the year, and deferred salary,

which is paid after a deferral period. There are two components to deferred salary: (1) a fixed portion that is generally

subject to reduction if an executive leaves the company within one year following the end of the performance year,

unless they have met specified age and years of service requirements; and (2) an at-risk portion that is subject to

reduction based on corporate and individual performance. Named executives do not receive bonuses or any form of

equity compensation.

Under the leadership of our executives, including our named executives, in 2024 we provided $381 billion in liquidity to

the market, earned $17.0 billion in net income, increased our net worth as of December 31, 2024 to $94.7 billion, and

managed our $4.1 trillion guaranty book of business. Our 2024 goals included a set of corporate performance goals for

2024 set by FHFA as our conservator, which we refer to as the 2024 scorecard, and a set of goals established by our

Board of Directors, which we refer to as the 2024 Board of Directors’ goals. We discuss our performance against these

goals in “Assessment of Corporate Performance against 2024 Scorecard” and “Assessment of Corporate Performance

against 2024 Board of Directors’ Goals.”

Overview of 2024 Executive Compensation Program

FHFA has advised us that the design of our executive compensation program is intended to fulfill and balance three

primary objectives:

•Maintain Lower Pay Levels to Conserve Taxpayer Resources. Given our conservatorship status, our executive

compensation program is designed generally to provide for lower pay levels relative to large financial services

companies that are not in conservatorship.

•Attract and Retain Executive Talent. Our executive compensation program is intended to attract and retain

executive talent with the specialized skills and knowledge necessary to effectively manage a large financial

services company. Executives with these qualifications are needed for us to continue to fulfill our important role

in providing liquidity to the mortgage market and supporting the housing market, as well as to prudently

manage our guaranty book of business. We face competition for qualified executives from other companies.

The Compensation and Human Capital Committee regularly considers the level of our executives’

compensation and whether changes are needed to attract and retain executives. 

•Reduce Pay if Goals Are Not Achieved. To support FHFA’s goals for our conservatorship and encourage

performance in furtherance of these goals, 30% of an executive’s total target direct compensation consists of

at-risk deferred salary subject to reduction based on corporate and individual performance.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 178

Executive Compensation | Compensation Discussion and Analysis

FHFA’s objectives for our executive compensation program and the restrictions on our executive compensation

described below limit our ability to make changes to the program and limit the amount and type of compensation we

may pay our executives.

Restrictions on Executive Compensation

Our executive compensation program and policies are significantly affected by requirements that apply to us as a result

of conservatorship and as a result of requirements in applicable legislation and in our senior preferred stock purchase

agreement with Treasury.

Requirements Applicable During Conservatorship

While we are in conservatorship, we are subject to additional legal, regulatory and conservator requirements relating to

our executive compensation, including the following:

•Equity in Government Compensation Act. The Equity in Government Compensation Act of 2015 limits the

compensation and benefits for our CEO role to the same level in effect as of January 1, 2015 while we are in

conservatorship or receivership. This law also provides that compensation and benefits for our CEO role may

not be increased while we are in conservatorship or receivership. Accordingly, annual direct compensation for

our CEO role is limited to base salary at an annual rate of $600,000.

•The Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act of 2012, known as the STOCK Act. Pursuant to the STOCK

Act and related FHFA regulations, our senior executives, including the named executives, are prohibited from

receiving bonuses during conservatorship. FHFA defines a bonus as a payment that rewards an employee for

work performed, where details of the award (such as the decision to grant it or its amounts) are determined

after the performance period using discretion or inherently subjective measures.

•FHFA authority to set executive compensation. The powers of FHFA as our conservator include the authority to

set executive compensation. As our conservator, FHFA has retained the authority to approve the terms and

amounts of our executive compensation. In its instructions to us, FHFA has directed management to obtain

FHFA’s decision before entering into new compensation arrangements or increasing amounts or benefits

payable under existing compensation arrangements of named executives or other executive officers as defined

in SEC rules.

•FHFA requirements for employee compensation. Pursuant to FHFA instructions, FHFA’s decision as

conservator is required with regard to any changes in employee compensation that could significantly impact

our employees, including but not limited to special incentive plans, merit increase pool funding, and retention

awards for executives.

•Key FHFA compensation directives. As our conservator, from time to time, FHFA issues or updates directives

that relate to compensation of our executives and other employees. Currently applicable FHFA directives

provide as follows:

◦Base salaries for all executives are limited to no more than $600,000.

◦Our policies and procedures must include penalties for executive officers and certain other covered

employees who are found to have engaged in specified restricted activity, including the clawback of

compensation in appropriate circumstances to the extent permitted by law.

◦We may target between the 25th and 50th percentiles of appropriate market data for both new

executive hires and compensation increase requests for existing executives, unless FHFA has granted

an exception.

◦As directed by FHFA, we implemented a new peer group and benchmarking approach for executive

compensation beginning with 2024 compensation, and we are required to apply a 20% discount to the

benchmarking data for the roles of CFO, COO and President.

•Stockholder Powers. As our conservator, FHFA has all powers of our stockholders. Accordingly, we have not

held stockholders’ meetings since entering into conservatorship, nor have we held any stockholder advisory

votes on executive compensation.

•Golden Parachute Regulation. A golden parachute payment generally refers to a compensatory payment that is

contingent on or provided in connection with termination of employment. FHFA regulation pursuant to the GSE

Act generally prohibits us from making golden parachute payments to any current or former director, officer, or

employee during any period in which we are in conservatorship, receivership or other troubled condition, unless

either a specific exemption applies or the Director of FHFA approves the payments. Specific exemptions

include qualified pension or retirement plans, nondiscriminatory employee plans or programs that meet

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 179

Executive Compensation | Compensation Discussion and Analysis

specified requirements, and bona fide deferred compensation plans or arrangements that meet specified

requirements.

Other Applicable Requirements

We are also subject to legal and regulatory requirements relating to our executive compensation that apply whether or

not we are in conservatorship, including the following:

•Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement. Under the terms of our senior preferred stock purchase

agreement with Treasury, until the senior preferred stock is repaid or redeemed in full:

◦We may not enter into any new compensation arrangements with, or increase amounts or benefits

payable under existing compensation arrangements of, any named executives or other executive

officers as defined in SEC rules without the consent of the Director of FHFA, in consultation with the

Secretary of the Treasury.

◦We may not sell or issue any equity securities without the prior written consent of Treasury except

under limited circumstances, which effectively eliminates our ability to offer stock-based compensation.

•Charter Act. Under the Charter Act and related FHFA regulations, FHFA as our regulator must approve any

termination benefits we offer to our named executives and certain other officers identified by FHFA.

•GSE Act. Pursuant to the GSE Act and related FHFA regulations, FHFA as our regulator has specified oversight

authority over our executive compensation. The GSE Act directs FHFA to prohibit us from providing

compensation to our named executives and certain other officers identified by FHFA that is not reasonable or

comparable with compensation for employment in other similar businesses (including other publicly held

financial institutions or major financial services companies) involving similar duties and responsibilities. FHFA

may at any time review the reasonableness and comparability of an executive officer’s compensation and may

require us to withhold any payment to the officer during such review. The GSE Act also provides that, if we are

classified as significantly undercapitalized, FHFA’s prior written approval is required to pay any bonus to an

executive officer or to provide certain increases in compensation to an executive officer.

President and CEO Compensation

Direct compensation for our President and CEO consists solely of a base salary at an annual rate of $600,000 and has

been limited to this amount for our CEO role by statute since the enactment of the Equity in Government Compensation

Act of 2015. For purposes of this disclosure, “direct compensation” includes salary and other cash compensation, but

excludes health and welfare, retirement, relocation, secure transportation, and other benefits. Ms. Almodovar, who

serves as President and CEO, does not receive any additional compensation for serving as President. See

“Compensation Tables and Other Information—Summary Compensation Table” for information about our President and

CEO’s total 2024 compensation.

Total direct compensation for our President and CEO is significantly below the market median for 2023 CEO

compensation at comparable businesses. See “Risk Factors—GSE and Conservatorship Risk” for a discussion of the

risks associated with executive retention and succession planning.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 180

Executive Compensation | Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Elements of 2024 Executive Compensation

Direct Compensation

The table below summarizes the principal elements, objectives and key features of our 2024 executive compensation

program for our named executives other than our President and CEO, who receives no deferred salary. All elements of

our named executives’ direct compensation are paid in cash.

Compensation Element	Form	Primary Compensation Objectives	Key Features
Base Salary	Fixed cash payments, which are paid during the year on a biweekly basis.	Attract and retain named executives by providing a fixed level of current cash compensation.	Base salary reflects each named executive’s level of responsibility and experience, as well as individual performance over time.  Base salary rate may not exceed $600,000 for any executive while we are in conservatorship.
Deferred Salary	Deferred salary is earned in biweekly increments over the course of the performance year and is subject to reduction in certain circumstances. There are two elements of deferred salary: • a fixed portion; and • an at-risk portion.  Deferred salary is paid, with interest, in quarterly installments in the year after it is earned for fixed deferred salary and in the second year for at-risk deferred salary.	Fixed Deferred Salary
		Retain named executives.	Earned but unpaid fixed deferred salary is generally subject to reduction if a named executive leaves Fannie Mae within one year following the end of the performance year, unless they have met specified age and years of service requirements or in the case of death or long-term disability, as described in “Compensation Tables and Other Information— Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change- in-Control.” The amount of earned but unpaid fixed deferred salary received by the named executive will be reduced by 2% for each full or partial month by which the executive’s separation date precedes January 31 of the second year following the performance year (or, if later, the end of the twenty- fourth month following the month in which the named executive first earned deferred salary).
		At-Risk Deferred Salary
		Retain named executives and encourage them to achieve corporate and individual performance objectives.	Equal to 30% of each named executive’s total target direct compensation. Half of at-risk deferred salary was subject to reduction based on corporate performance against the 2024 scorecard. The remaining half of at-risk deferred salary was subject to reduction based on individual performance, taking into account corporate performance against the 2024 Board of Directors’ goals. There is no potential for at-risk deferred salary to be paid out at greater than 100% of target.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 181

Executive Compensation | Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Employee Benefits

Our employee benefits serve as an important tool in attracting and retaining senior executives. We describe the

employee benefits available in 2024 to our named executives, including our President and CEO, in the table below. We

provide more detail on our retirement plans in “Compensation Tables and Other Information.”

Benefit	Form	Primary Objective
401(k) Plan (“Retirement Savings Plan”)	The Retirement Savings Plan is a tax-qualified defined contribution plan (“401(k) plan”) available to our employee population as a whole.	Attract and retain named executives by providing retirement savings in a tax-efficient manner.
Non-qualified Deferred Compensation (“Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan”)	The Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan is an unfunded, non-tax-qualified defined contribution plan. The plan supplements our Retirement Savings Plan by providing benefits to participants whose annual eligible earnings exceed the IRS limit on eligible compensation for 401(k) plans.	Attract and retain named executives by providing additional retirement savings.
Health, Welfare and Other Benefits	In general, the named executives are eligible for the same benefits available to our employee population as a whole, including our medical insurance plans and life insurance program. The named executives are also eligible to participate in our voluntary supplemental long-term disability plan, which is available to many of our employees.	Provide for the well-being of the named executives and their families.

Sign-on Awards and Relocation Benefits

In addition to the direct compensation and employee benefits described above, we sometimes offer sign-on awards and

relocation benefits to attract new executives to Fannie Mae. Our sign-on awards are designed to compensate new

executives for compensation forfeited upon leaving their prior employer. We offer relocation benefits to attract new

executives who do not already live in the Washington, DC area.

Mr. Akwaboah, who joined Fannie Mae in May 2024, received a sign-on award payable in two installments. The amount

of his sign-on award was initially set at $1,750,000 but was subsequently increased to $2,427,000 to more accurately

reflect the amount of incentive compensation Mr. Akwaboah forfeited to join Fannie Mae. Mr. Akwaboah received a first

installment pursuant to this award, in the amount of $1,250,000, in May 2024. He is scheduled to receive a second and

final installment of $1,177,000 in May 2025, subject to his continued employment through such date. Mr. Moon received

a sign-on award of $2,100,000 when he joined Fannie Mae in December 2022, payable in three installments. Mr. Moon

received the first two installments of this award in 2023 and the final installment, in the amount of $525,000, in

December 2024. Each installment of these sign-on awards is subject to repayment if, within one year after its payment,

the recipient resigns or his employment with Fannie Mae is terminated involuntarily due to his misconduct.

Mr. Akwaboah was also offered benefits upon joining Fannie Mae under our relocation plan, conditioned on his

continued employment with us for a minimum of 18 months. He must reimburse us 100% of these benefits if his

employment terminates (either voluntarily or involuntarily due to misconduct) within 12 months of his May 2024 start

date, or 50% if his employment terminates from the 13th through the 18th month.

Secure Transportation Services

For her safety, we provide Ms. Almodovar with the services of a car and executive protection driver for local commuting

and related travel pursuant to the recommendation of a third-party security study.

Severance Benefits

We have not entered into agreements with any of our named executives that entitle the executive to severance benefits.

See “Compensation Tables and Other Information—Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change-in-Control” for

information on earned but unpaid deferred salary (and related interest) that we may pay to a named executive in certain

circumstances following termination of employment.

2024 Compensation Actions

The table below displays the 2024 direct compensation targets for each of our named executives compared to the

actual amounts that will be paid to them based on the assessments and determinations made by FHFA, the

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 182

Executive Compensation | Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Compensation and Human Capital Committee, and the Board of Directors. This table is presented on a different basis

from, and is not intended to replace, the Summary Compensation Table required under applicable SEC rules, which is

included in “Compensation Tables and Other Information—Summary Compensation Table” and includes additional

forms of compensation not included in the table below.

Summary of 2024 Compensation Actions
			2024 Corporate Performance-Based At-Risk Deferred Salary		2024 Individual Performance-Based At-Risk Deferred Salary		Total
Name and Principal Position	2024 Base Salary	2024 Fixed Deferred Salary	Target	Actual % of Target	Target	Actual % of Target	Target	Actual
Priscilla Almodovar	$600,000	$—	$—	—%	$—	—%	$600,000	$600,000
President and CEO
Chryssa Halley(1)	600,000	1,722,115	497,596	89	497,596	95	3,317,307	3,237,691
Executive Vice President and CFO
Peter Akwaboah(2)	369,231	1,246,154	346,154	89	346,154	95	2,307,693	2,252,308
Executive Vice President and COO
Malloy Evans(1)	600,000	1,648,077	481,731	89	481,731	95	3,211,539	3,134,462
Executive Vice President—Single Family
Anthony Moon(1)(2)	564,615	1,460,000	433,846	89	433,846	95	2,892,307	2,822,892
Executive Vice President and CRO

(1)Compensation amounts shown reflect compensation levels before and after increases during 2024 for Ms. Halley, Mr.

Evans and Mr. Moon, prorated as appropriate. The increases were approved by the Board of Directors and FHFA to better

align Ms. Halley’s and Mr. Evans’s compensation with the market and to reflect role changes and new responsibilities for

Mr. Moon. Ms. Halley’s total annual direct compensation target increased to $3,750,000, consisting of base salary of

$600,000, fixed deferred salary of $2,025,000 and at-risk deferred salary of $1,125,000; Mr. Evans’ total annual direct

compensation target increased to $3,500,000, consisting of base salary of $600,000, fixed deferred salary of $1,850,000

and at-risk deferred salary of $1,050,000. Mr. Moon’s total annual direct compensation target increased to $2,900,000,

consisting of base salary of $570,000, fixed deferred salary of $1,460,000 and at-risk deferred salary of $870,000. 

(2)This table excludes the sign-on award amounts Mr. Akwaboah and Mr. Moon received in 2024, which are discussed in

“Elements of 2024 Executive Compensation—Sign-on Awards and Relocation Benefits.”

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 183

Executive Compensation | Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Assessment of Corporate Performance against 2024 Scorecard

Overview

In January 2024, FHFA issued the 2024 scorecard, a set of corporate performance objectives and related targets for

2024. Half of 2024 at-risk deferred salary, or 15% of overall 2024 total target direct compensation, for each named

executive other than Ms. Almodovar was subject to reduction based on FHFA’s assessment in its discretion of our

performance against the 2024 scorecard and related objectives.

The elements of the 2024 scorecard are shown below under “FHFA Assessment.” FHFA developed these objectives and

related targets with input from management. The 2024 scorecard established that our performance would be assessed

based on the following criteria:

•Our products and programs foster liquid, competitive, efficient, and resilient housing finance markets that

support affordable, sustainable, and equitable access to homeownership and rental housing.

•We conduct business in a safe and sound manner.

•We meet expectations under all FHFA requirements, including those pertaining to capital, liquidity, and credit

risk transfer.

•We continue to manage operations while in conservatorship in a manner that preserves and conserves assets

through the prudent stewardship of resources.

•We cooperate and collaborate with FHFA to meet the conservator’s priorities and guidance throughout the

course of the year in alignment with FHFA’s FAIR values (Fairness, Accountability, Integrity, and Respect).

•We deliver work products that are high quality, thorough, creative, effective, and timely, and that consider

effects on homeowners, multifamily property owners, renters, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the industry, and

other stakeholders.

•We ensure that diversity, equity, and inclusion remain top priorities in strategic planning, operations, and

business development.

FHFA Assessment

We provided updates to and maintained a dialogue with FHFA throughout 2024 on our performance against the 2024

scorecard. In January 2025, FHFA reviewed and assessed our performance against the 2024 scorecard, with input from

management. In its assessment of our performance, the factors FHFA considered included our performance against the

qualitative assessment criteria identified above as well as the 2024 scorecard and related objectives. FHFA determined

that we completed all our objectives, while noting concerns with our performance in meeting a few of them. FHFA

determined that the portion of 2024 at-risk deferred salary for senior executives that is based on corporate performance

would be paid at 89% of target.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 184

Executive Compensation | Compensation Discussion and Analysis

The table below sets forth the 2024 scorecard. For purposes of the 2024 scorecard, “Enterprise” refers to each of

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

FHFA 2024 Scorecard

Promote Equitable Access to Affordable and Sustainable Housing (50%)

Conduct business and undertake initiatives that support affordable, sustainable, and equitable access to

homeownership and rental housing, and fulfill all statutory mandates.

Take significant actions to ensure that all borrowers and renters have equitable access to sustainable long-

term affordable housing opportunities, including efforts that further energy efficiency, resiliency, and cost

savings in the mortgage process, considering the impact on all geographies, including rural areas as

defined under Duty to Serve. Develop and implement strategies to support and advance the following:

•Sustainable and affordable homeownership

◦Explore the evolving single-family property insurance market, identifying opportunities to mitigate risk while

furthering sustainable homeownership. 

◦Continue efforts to expand energy efficiency and resiliency that improve long-term sustainable

homeownership. 

◦Explore opportunities to further sustainable homeownership through measures that support first-time and

mission-oriented homebuyers, and positively influence affordability, including transaction costs, in a manner

that maintains safety and soundness. 

•Multifamily rental housing

◦Enhance resident-centered practices, such as tenant protections, at Enterprise-backed multifamily

properties.

◦Strengthen multifamily asset management capabilities, including identifying and managing legal risk

appropriately.

◦Explore and identify innovative ways to address multifamily market needs.

◦Manage new multifamily purchases to remain within the multifamily cap requirements, including an

expanded focus on workforce/moderate-income housing.

•Equitable access to housing

◦Take meaningful actions to achieve the goals and objectives of the Equitable Housing Finance Plans.

◦Continue efforts to minimize single-family appraisal bias and improve valuation equity, including by

supporting FHFA’s implementation of the Property and Valuation Equity (PAVE) action plan.

•Efficiency in the mortgage market

◦Continue modernization of single-family property valuation processes and practices, including traditional

appraisals and valuation alternatives. 

◦Leverage data, technology, and other innovations to promote efficiency and cost savings in mortgage

processes.

◦Plan for implementation of the approved credit score models, informed by stakeholder outreach.

•Climate risks

◦Identify and pursue measures to enhance consumer awareness of climate risks in housing.

◦Continue research to monitor climate-related market developments; identify at-risk borrowers, properties,

and communities; inform policy; and improve climate-resiliency and energy efficiency efforts.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 185

Executive Compensation | Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Operate the Business in a Safe and Sound Manner (50%)

Operate with heightened focus on safety and soundness and with a prudent risk profile consistent with continued

support for housing finance markets throughout the economic cycle, while minimizing the risk of requiring a draw

against the Treasury commitment.

Ensure that the Enterprise is resilient to operational, market, credit, counterparty, economic, legal/litigation,

and climate risks.

•Maintain effective risk management systems appropriate for entities that need to minimize risk to capital as

they rebuild their capital buffers.

•Take appropriate action to address risk exposure and enhance Enterprise counterparty risk controls.

•Strengthen risk management capabilities in identifying, assessing, controlling, monitoring, and reporting on

climate risk and incorporating these capabilities into the overall Enterprise risk framework.

•Maintain ability to respond to operational events without significant disruption to the primary or secondary

mortgage market.

•Maintain liquidity at levels required by FHFA and sufficient to sustain Enterprise operations through severe

stress events.

•Explore opportunities to harmonize the Enterprises’ processes supporting the Single-Family Selling

Representations and Warranties Framework, including defect identification, remedies, and repurchase

alternatives.

Transfer a meaningful amount of credit risk to private investors in a commercially reasonable and safe and

sound manner, reducing risk to taxpayers.

Ensure CSS operates in a safe and sound manner in support of Enterprise securitization activities.

(Measures with respect to this objective applied only to CSS, not Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.)

Assessment of Corporate Performance against 2024 Board of Directors’ Goals

In January 2024, the Board of Directors established the 2024 Board of Directors’ goals, which are presented in the table

below. Performance against these goals was a factor the Board of Directors used in determining the individual

performance-based component of 2024 at-risk deferred salary.

The Compensation and Human Capital Committee and the full Board of Directors reviewed our performance in

December 2024. In connection with the review, the Committee considered a report management provided that assessed

the company’s performance against the Board of Directors’ goals. Information in this assessment was reviewed for

reasonableness by our Internal Audit group. The Compensation and Human Capital Committee discussed Fannie Mae’s

2024 performance with the full Board, including the Chairs of the Audit Committee and the Risk Policy and Capital

Committee. The Board of Directors and the Compensation and Human Capital Committee did not assign any relative

weight to the Board of Directors’ goals and used their judgment in determining the overall level of company

performance.

The Compensation and Human Capital Committee commended management on a number of accomplishments in

2024, including providing liquidity to the mortgage market, addressing climate-related risk, excelling against the

workforce Board of Directors’ goal, advancing a number of technology-related objectives, increasing our net worth,

reducing our capital shortfall, and implementing a new budgeting model. The Compensation and Human Capital

Committee also acknowledged concerns with the manner in which management initially responded to issues that arose

during the year. Taking a holistic view of our 2024 performance, in December 2024 the Compensation and Human

Capital Committee recommended, and the Board of Directors determined, that management should be credited with

95% achievement of corporate performance against the Board of Directors’ goals.

In December 2024, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee provided FHFA with its assessment of corporate

performance against the 2024 Board of Directors’ goals. In January 2025, the Chair of the Board of Directors reviewed

an updated performance report provided by management with information available as of year-end and determined that

there was no material change in the updated information requiring reconsideration of the Board’s determination.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 186

Executive Compensation | Compensation Discussion and Analysis

The table below sets forth our 2024 Board of Directors’ goals and a summary of our achievement against these goals.

Board of Directors’ Goals
Goals		Performance
Goals Relating to Strategic Objectives
Improve Equitable & Sustainable Access to Housing	Take action to ensure that borrowers and renters have equitable access to long-term affordable housing opportunities.	The goal was assessed as achieved. We believe Fannie Mae met or exceeded its multifamily housing goals, its duty to serve targets, and the benchmark levels for all but two of its single-family housing goals. Those two single-family housing goals may also be met based on the level of goals-eligible originations in the primary mortgage market in 2024, which will not be available until later this year. FHFA will make the final determination on whether the company has met its 2024 housing goals and duty to serve targets.
	Take targeted actions to address climate-related risks to Fannie Mae while also guiding efforts to support sustainable housing.	The goal was assessed as achieved. Fannie Mae researched and worked on developing climate risk measurements, further incorporated climate risks into its risk management framework, continued climate risk reporting, education, and awareness, and engaged with industry stakeholders to address environmental resiliency.
Enhance our Financial & Risk Position
	Manage our business, risk, and financial position to ensure safety and soundness and enable pursuit of our mission-first approach to business.	The goal was assessed as partially achieved. Fannie Mae adhered to Board-approved risk limits and managed administrative expenses within Board-approved limits. The Compensation and Human Capital Committee noted concerns with the manner in which management initially responded to certain issues that arose in connection with other objectives.
Goals Relating to Other Objectives
Evolve our Technology	Support delivery of our business objectives to benefit borrowers and renters and expand adoption of our modernized technology, data, and cybersecurity capabilities to increase our operational agility, stability and efficiency.	The goal was assessed as achieved. Fannie Mae made progress in migrating on-premise technology assets to the cloud and made technological advancements that are expected to result in cost savings, streamlined lender processes, and increased efficiency.
Strengthen our Workforce	Develop and maintain our workforce to ensure continuity of operations, support our strategy, and continue to enhance our culture.	The goal was assessed as achieved. Fannie Mae successfully navigated several significant senior leadership changes in 2024, spotlighting the effectiveness of its succession planning. Fannie Mae also maintained strong employee engagement and low attrition rates.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 187

Executive Compensation | Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Board of Directors’ Goals, continued
Goals		Performance
Promote Diversity & Inclusion	Promote diversity and the inclusion and utilization of minorities, women and individuals with disabilities in all aspects of our business.	The goal was assessed as achieved. Fannie Mae met its 2024 diversity and inclusion goals consistent with the principles of equal opportunity in employment and contracting.
Deliver our Regulatory Commitments	Ensure we are meeting commitments to FHFA.	The goal was assessed as achieved. Fannie Mae completed the objectives in the 2024 scorecard and timely submitted requested documents and remediation plans to FHFA for all FHFA-identified risk and control matters within established timeframes or mutually acceptable extensions.

Assessment of 2024 Individual Performance

For each named executive eligible to receive at-risk deferred salary, half of 2024 at-risk deferred salary was subject to

reduction based on individual performance, taking into account corporate performance against the 2024 Board of

Directors’ goals, as determined by the Board of Directors with FHFA’s approval. Although Ms. Almodovar is not eligible

to receive at-risk deferred salary, the Board of Directors also reviewed Ms. Almodovar’s performance.

The Board’s determinations regarding individual performance were based on the recommendation of the Compensation

and Human Capital Committee. For Mr. Moon, our CRO, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee’s

recommendation was made in consultation with the Risk Policy and Capital Committee. These committees met in

December to assess the 2024 performance of our named executives. The committees also discussed the individual

performance of our other named executives with Ms. Almodovar. Upon recommendation from the committees, the

Board of Directors determined performance and approved individual performance-based at-risk deferred salary for 2024

as shown above in “2024 Compensation Actions.” FHFA approved the performance-based at-risk deferred salary

payments for the eligible named executives in January 2025.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 188

Executive Compensation | Compensation Discussion and Analysis

In addition to the company’s performance against the 2024 Board of Directors’ goals, the Compensation and Human

Capital Committee reviewed the following individual contributions of our named executives.

Chryssa Halley Executive Vice President and CFO	•Developed and implemented a new budgeting model to improve prioritization of work and capacity by increasing transparency and visibility into how funds are allocated and used •Made progress on major corporate initiatives relating to model remediation and forecast transformation •Created and socialized a new return metric to support future decision-making on single- family pricing •Improved Board reporting on liquidity, capital and return information to enhance awareness and understanding •Oversaw work supporting multiple system releases, preparation for climate reporting, and resolution planning, including development of a new machine learning tool •Met business needs and developed talent at senior levels in the Finance division through several key leadership changes
Peter Akwaboah Executive Vice President and COO	•Conducted an assessment of the COO organization through benchmarking and stakeholder interviews to create comprehensive strategy across three core dimensions: commercial orientation and innovation, risk and resilience, and effectiveness •Supported new budgeting model •Redefined the leadership structure of the COO organization to position our technology and operational capabilities for the future •Made progress in migrating assets to cloud-based systems
Malloy Evans Executive Vice President—Single- Family	•Managed competing single-family business objectives through a volatile macroeconomic environment and challenging competitive dynamics •Supported the development and approval of updates to DU that reflect our ongoing commitment to managing mortgage credit risk and being a reliable source of mortgage financing for the U.S. housing system •Oversaw the transition to our cloud-based underwriting platform •Oversaw continued innovation to support responsible access to credit for credit-invisible and underserved borrowers •Supported development and execution of new structures for credit risk transfers that improved capital efficiency in both CAS and CIRT deals •Worked closely with the Finance organization to begin using new budgeting model
Anthony Moon Executive Vice President and CRO	•Provided leadership in addressing FHFA concerns with multifamily risk management •Executed reviews of Fannie Mae functions to enable increased focus on high priority areas •Co-led efforts with the CFO to make progress on model remediation •Launched a new single-family mortgage industry CRO roundtable, establishing foundational relationships and opportunities for sharing best practices and learning

Other Executive Compensation Considerations

Role of Compensation Consultants

The Compensation and Human Capital Committee’s independent compensation consultant is Frederic W. Cook & Co.,

Inc. (“FW Cook”). Management’s outside compensation consultant is McLagan, a business unit of Aon plc.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 189

Executive Compensation | Compensation Discussion and Analysis

For 2024, consultants from FW Cook attended meetings and advised the Compensation and Human Capital Committee

and the Board of Directors on various executive compensation matters, including:

•preparing analyses of compensation for our President and CEO, CFO, and COO positions in comparison to

comparable positions at companies in our peer group approved by FHFA in 2023, based on information in

proxy statements and other reports filed by those companies with the SEC;

•reviewing McLagan’s analysis of market compensation data for select senior management positions;

•reviewing various management proposals relating to compensation levels, and for new hires and promotions;

•reviewing our risk assessment of our 2024 compensation program;

•assisting the Compensation and Human Capital Committee in its evaluation of our performance against the

2024 Board of Directors’ goals;

•facilitating the Compensation and Human Capital Committee’s review of our President and CEO’s performance;

•informing the Compensation and Human Capital Committee of regulatory updates and market trends in

compensation and benefits; and

•assisting with the preparation of executive compensation disclosure in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

For 2024, consultants from McLagan attended meetings as needed and advised management and the Compensation

and Human Capital Committee on various compensation and human resources matters, including:

•providing guidance and feedback on our 2024 executive compensation program;

•providing market compensation data for senior management positions leveraging the peer group approved by

FHFA in 2023;

•providing supplemental benchmark information to support Fannie Mae in meeting FHFA directions for

compensation actions;

•defining the protocol regarding benchmarking for executives;

•advising on market trends, competitive pay levels and various compensation proposals for new hires and

promotions; and

•reviewing market data and trends, and providing Compensation and Human Capital Committee members with

an opportunity to ask questions and discuss implications of trends on Fannie Mae.

Compensation Consultant Independence Assessment

Pursuant to SEC and NYSE rules, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee assessed the independence of

FW Cook and McLagan most recently in December 2024. Based on its assessments, the Compensation and Human

Capital Committee determined that FW Cook is independent from Fannie Mae management and has no conflicts of

interest.

Because McLagan was retained by and provides services to management, it is not an independent advisor. McLagan’s

work raises no material conflicts of interest, and we believe any conflict of interest raised by McLagan’s retention and

provision of services to management as well as to the Compensation and Human Capital Committee is addressed by

the Compensation and Human Capital Committee’s receipt of advice from and access to FW Cook as its independent

compensation consultant.

Peer Group and Role of Benchmark Data

Our Compensation and Human Capital Committee considers benchmark data to assess the comparability of our senior

executives’ compensation. This data is one of a number of factors that informs the Committee’s compensation

decisions.

Finding comparable companies for benchmarking executive compensation is challenging due to our unique business,

structure and mission, and the large size of our book of business compared to other financial services companies. We

believe the only directly comparable company to us is Freddie Mac. At FHFA’s request, we and Freddie Mac use the

same peer group to provide consistency in the market data used for compensation decisions. In 2023, FHFA developed

and approved a revised peer group and benchmarking approach for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The Compensation

and Human Capital Committee also approved the revised peer group and approach, which first applied to compensation

in 2024.

Under the revised approach, we benchmark against compensation for roles involving similar duties and responsibilities

at companies in a primary peer group. We use all the relevant data points that result from this benchmarking. If the

primary peer group does not yield at least nine data points for a particular role, we include data for the companies in a

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 190

Executive Compensation | Compensation Discussion and Analysis

secondary peer group and, if needed, market data from other similar companies. For roles other than the CFO and

COO, FHFA may pre-approve the use of market data from companies in our secondary peer group on a case-by-case

basis even when nine data points have been obtained from the primary peer group. For the roles of CFO and COO, we

are required to apply a 20% discount to the benchmarking data.

Factors relevant to the selection of our peer group companies included their status as U.S. public companies, the

industry in which they operate and the size of their assets and employee population relative to ours. Our new primary

peer group consists of 20 companies in the regional banking, diversified banking, consumer finance, insurance, and

asset management industries, as well as Freddie Mac:

•	Ally Financial Inc.	•	KeyCorp
•	American Express Company	•	MetLife, Inc.
•	American International Group, Inc.	•	Northern Trust Corporation
•	The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation	•	The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc.
•	Capital One Financial Corporation	•	Principal Financial Group, Inc.
•	Chubb Limited	•	Prudential Financial, Inc.
•	Citizens Financial Group, Inc.	•	State Street Corporation
•	Discover Financial Services	•	Synchrony Financial
•	Fifth Third Bancorp	•	Truist Financial Corporation
•	Freddie Mac	•	U.S. Bancorp
•	The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc.

Our new secondary peer group consists of four large money center banks:

•	Bank of America Corporation	•	JPMorgan Chase & Co.
•	Citigroup Inc.	•	Wells Fargo & Company

In late 2023, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee reviewed and discussed compensation benchmarking

data for our named executives other than Mr. Akwaboah, whose benchmarking was reviewed in early 2024 in

connection with his appointment. The benchmarking was primarily based on 2022 performance year compensation at

peer companies, although in most cases 2023 base salary information was included if available. The named executives’

total target direct compensation was compared with compensation for the comparable position at companies in our

primary peer group, to the extent those companies had executives in comparable positions.

Compensation Recoupment Policies

Compensation Recoupment Policy

A portion of our executive officers’ compensation is subject to forfeiture or repayment upon the occurrence of specified

events. We provide a summary of these repayment provisions, also known as “clawback” provisions, in the table below.

Because our President and CEO does not receive deferred salary or incentive payments, the provisions in the table

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 191

Executive Compensation | Compensation Discussion and Analysis

below do not apply to Ms. Almodovar’s compensation. The full text of our repayment provisions is provided in

Exhibit 10.1 to this report.

Forfeiture Event	Compensation Subject to Forfeiture/Repayment
Materially Inaccurate Information
The executive officer has been granted deferred salary or incentive payments based on materially inaccurate financial statements or any other materially inaccurate performance metric criteria.	Amounts of deferred salary and incentive payments granted in excess of the amounts the Board of Directors determines would likely have been granted using accurate metrics.
Termination for Cause
The executive officer’s employment is terminated for cause. For a description of what constitutes termination for cause, see “Compensation Tables and Other Information—Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change-in-Control.”	All deferred salary and incentive payments that have not yet become payable.
Subsequent Determination of Cause
The Board of Directors later determines (within a specified period of time) that the executive officer could have been terminated for cause and that the officer’s actions materially harmed the business or reputation of the company.	Deferred salary and incentive payments to the extent the Board of Directors deems appropriate.
Willful Misconduct
The executive officer’s employment: •is terminated for cause (or the Board of Directors later determines that cause for termination existed within a specified period of time) due to willful misconduct in connection with the performance of their duties for the company; and •the Board of Directors determines this has materially harmed the business or reputation of the company.	All deferred salary and incentive payments that have not yet become payable, and, to the extent the Board of Directors deems appropriate, deferred salary and annual incentives or long-term awards paid in the two-year period prior to the officer’s employment termination date.

In addition to these provisions, under Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, certain of the incentive-based

compensation for individuals serving as our CEO or CFO, including compensation received for prior years, could

become subject to reimbursement.

Because Fannie Mae is in conservatorship and not listed on a national securities exchange, we are not required to and

have not adopted a recoupment policy designed to comply with SEC and listing exchange rules requiring specific

provisions in such policies for listed companies. 

Clawback Provision under Confidentiality and Proprietary Rights Agreement

In addition to the compensation recoupment policy described above, the named executives’ at-risk deferred salary is

subject to a compensation clawback provision pursuant to a Confidentiality and Proprietary Rights Agreement (the

“Agreement”) and related Covered Employee External Employment Activities Standard (the “Standard”). All specified

covered employees, including the named executives, are required to enter into the Agreement and are subject to the

Standard. Ms. Almodovar does not receive the at-risk deferred salary that is subject to the clawback provision.

Covered employees’ obligations under the Agreement include, among other things, compliance with the Standard. The

Agreement provides that, unless otherwise required by law, covered employees’ at-risk compensation is subject to

reduction, forfeiture, recoupment, and repayment for violations of the Standard. Covered employees are required to sign

a statement acknowledging their at-risk compensation is subject to these requirements.

The Standard defines the following as restricted activity: directly or indirectly seeking, negotiating, creating, developing

or accepting employment or other commercial and business opportunities in which the covered employee has a

personal interest outside of Fannie Mae with firms that have, or seek to have, a business relationship with Fannie Mae

either during, or within the six-month period following, the covered employee’s employment at Fannie Mae. To address

the risks associated with a covered employee engaging in restricted activities, the Standard requires covered

employees to:

•disclose timely prospective employment discussions in alignment with applicable Fannie Mae policies;

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 192

Executive Compensation | Compensation Discussion and Analysis

•abide by specified mitigation activities to address the conflicts of interest posed by such disclosures;

•for a six-month period after the termination of their Fannie Mae employment, refrain from representing any

person (including themselves) or any commercial entity to Fannie Mae or its employees in any way with respect

to any matter on which the covered employee had direct and substantial involvement or participation while

employed by Fannie Mae;

•maintain the confidentiality of Fannie Mae confidential information to which they had access in connection with

their Fannie Mae employment after termination of their Fannie Mae employment;

•inform Fannie Mae at the time of their departure whether they have accepted an offer of employment and/or

taken steps to form a new business and provide the name of the subsequent employer/company;

•abide by the one-year non-solicitation/non-inducement of key employees to leave provisions of the Agreement;

and

•inform any subsequent employer that engages in business with Fannie Mae of these requirements of the

Standard to the extent that they remain applicable.

A covered employee’s failure to comply with the above-listed requirements of the Standard would be a violation of the

Standard.

At-risk compensation for the named executives consists of the at-risk portion of deferred salary and excludes base

salary and the fixed portion of deferred salary. The current named executives may be subject to:

•forfeiture of up to 100% of at-risk deferred salary that has not yet been paid; and

•recoupment of up to 100% of at-risk deferred salary that was paid during the period one year before or ending

one year after the violation.

In determining whether to take these actions, the decisionmaker may consider the seriousness of the violation, the level

and responsibilities of the covered employee, the intentional nature of the conduct of the covered employee, whether

the covered employee was unjustly enriched, whether seeking the recovery would prejudice the company’s interests in

any way, including in a proceeding or investigation, and any other factors they deem relevant to the determination.

The full text of the company’s Confidentiality and Proprietary Rights Agreement is provided in Exhibit 10.21 to this report

and forms of the statement that covered employees are required to sign are provided in Exhibit 10.22 and Exhibit 10.23

to this report.

Policies Related to Stock Ownership and the Timing of Option Awards

We ceased paying new stock-based compensation to our executives after entering into conservatorship in September

2008, and our Board of Directors eliminated our stock ownership requirements in 2009. Because we do not issue stock-

based compensation, we do not have a specific policy regarding the timing of option awards.

Compensation Committee Report

The Compensation and Human Capital Committee of the Board of Directors of Fannie Mae has reviewed and discussed

the Compensation Discussion and Analysis included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K with management. Based on

such review and discussions, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee has recommended to the Board of

Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Compensation and Human Capital Committee:

Diane C. Nordin, Chair

Karin J. Kimbrough, Vice Chair

Manolo Sánchez

Michael Seelig

Compensation Risk Assessment

Our Corporate Risk & Compliance division conducted a risk assessment of our 2024 employee compensation policies

and practices. In conducting this risk assessment, the division reviewed the following, among other things:

•our compensation policy;

•our performance goals and performance appraisal process;

•our compensation structure (including incentives and pay mix);

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 193

Executive Compensation | Compensation Risk Assessment

•our severance arrangements and compensation clawback provisions;

•the restrictions on compensation applicable during conservatorship, including the limit on annual direct

compensation for our CEO role; and

•the oversight of aspects of our compensation by the Compensation and Human Capital Committee, the Board

of Directors and FHFA.

The division also assessed whether mitigating factors existed that would reduce the opportunity for inappropriate risk-

taking driven by our compensation policies and practices. The risk assessment of the company’s 2024 compensation

policies and practices was shared with the Compensation and Human Capital Committee.

Based on the risk assessment, management concluded that our 2024 employee compensation policies and practices do

not create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the company. The following factors

contributed to this conclusion:

•the overall design of our compensation structure does not incentivize material risk taking;

•deferred salary for our executive officers is subject to clawback provisions;

•our control environment for compensation, including a defined and consistently applied annual performance

appraisal process; a comprehensive total rewards program, inclusive of adequate people, process and system

coverage to support that program; incentives for vice presidents, fellows and below; compensation adjustment

guidelines and criteria; succession planning; and retention planning and monitoring;

•our 2024 performance goals are neither designed nor intended to incentivize employees to engage in activities

contrary to our Employee Code of Conduct, risk appetite or any other activity that would involve taking

inappropriate risks or result in a material adverse effect on the company;

•our Board risk limits, which inhibit excessive risk taking, allow for transparency and action when the limits are

exceeded; the Board risk limits define the maximum amount of risk the company is willing to take in pursuit of

its objectives, and the company regularly monitors, reports and escalates limit levels and the actions that may

be taken to manage to risk limits; and

•informed decisions on compensation that include performance assessments, taking into account company

performance. Our performance evaluation process for primary business units does not vary, and performance

goals are not driven by profitability. We also do not prescribe incentives that are based solely on an employee’s

accomplishment of a single task or performance goal; nor do we have a performance horizon longer than one

year, and we do not include incentives with long- or short-term growth potential such as stock.

Management stated in its risk assessment that the cap on our CEO compensation under the Equity in Government

Compensation Act of 2015 continues to be a risk factor for the company. In addition, restrictions on our compensation

result in an asymmetrical approach to risk management because they prevent our incentivizing and rewarding

appropriate risk-taking. See “Risk Factors—GSE and Conservatorship Risk” for a discussion of the challenges and risks

posed by limitations on our executive and employee compensation.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 194

Executive Compensation | Compensation Tables and Other Information

Compensation Tables and Other Information

Summary Compensation Table

The following table shows summary compensation information for the named executives for 2024, 2023, and 2022.

Summary Compensation Table
		Salary
Name and Principal Position	Year	Base Salary(1)	Fixed Deferred Salary (Service-Based)(2)	Bonus(3)	Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation(4)	All Other Compensation(5)	Total
Priscilla Almodovar	2024	$600,000	$—	$—	$—	$115,307	$715,307
President and CEO	2023	600,000	—	—	—	94,467	694,467
	2022	46,154	—	—	—	—	46,154
Chryssa Halley	2024	600,000	1,722,115	—	959,432	136,630	3,418,177
Executive Vice President	2023	592,308	1,486,154	—	890,922	112,533	3,081,917
and CFO	2022	500,000	1,018,462	—	642,882	58,386	2,219,730
Peter Akwaboah	2024	369,231	1,246,154	1,250,000	667,432	116,515	3,649,332
Executive Vice President
and COO
Malloy Evans	2024	600,000	1,648,077	—	928,843	129,594	3,306,514
Executive Vice President	2023	592,308	1,486,154	—	890,922	108,394	3,077,778
Single Family	2022	500,000	1,029,231	—	647,442	64,930	2,241,603
Anthony Moon	2024	564,615	1,460,000	525,000	836,514	111,045	3,497,174
Executive Vice President	2023	500,000	1,460,000	1,575,000	840,144	65,551	4,440,695
and CRO

(1)Consists of base salary paid during the year on a biweekly basis.

(2)Consists of the fixed, service-based portion of deferred salary. Unlike at-risk deferred salary, which is shown in the

“Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” column, the fixed deferred salary shown in this column for 2024 generally

will be paid in installments in March, June, September and December of 2025. Deferred salary accrues interest at

one-half of the one-year Treasury Bill rate in effect on the last business day preceding the year in which the deferred

salary is earned. For deferred salary earned in 2024, this rate is 2.395% per year. For deferred salary earned in 2023

and 2022, this rate was 2.365% and 0.195% per year, respectively. Interest payable on the named executives’ fixed

deferred salary earned in a given year is shown in the “All Other Compensation” column for that year. Fixed deferred

salary shown for 2023 was paid to our named executives during 2024, and fixed deferred salary shown for 2022 was

paid to our named executives during 2023.

(3)Consists of payments pursuant to sign-on awards Mr. Akwaboah and Mr. Moon received when they joined Fannie

Mae. These awards do not constitute bonuses under the STOCK Act as defined by FHFA. Mr. Akwaboah is

scheduled to receive a second and final installment pursuant to his award in 2025. See “Compensation Discussion

and Analysis—Elements of 2024 Executive Compensation—Sign-on Awards and Relocation Benefits” for more

information on the terms of these awards.

(4)Consists of the performance-based at-risk portion of deferred salary earned during the year and interest payable on

that deferred salary. At-risk deferred salary shown for 2024 and 2023 generally will be paid in installments in March,

June, September and December of the second year after the performance year (so in 2026 for deferred salary

earned during 2024). Half of at-risk deferred salary shown for 2022 was paid to our named executives during 2023

and the remaining half was paid in 2024. The table below provides more detail on the 2024 at-risk deferred salary

awarded to our named executives.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 195

Executive Compensation | Compensation Tables and Other Information

Performance-Based At-Risk Deferred Salary
Name	2024 Corporate Performance-Based At-Risk Deferred Salary	2024 Individual Performance-Based At-Risk Deferred Salary	Interest Payable on 2024 At-Risk Deferred Salary	Total
Priscilla Almodovar	$—	$—	$—	$—
Chryssa Halley	442,860	472,716	43,856	959,432
Peter Akwaboah	308,077	328,846	30,509	667,432
Malloy Evans	428,741	457,644	42,458	928,843
Anthony Moon	386,123	412,154	38,237	836,514

(5)The table below provides more detail on the amounts reported for 2024 in the “All Other Compensation” column.

All Other Compensation for 2024
Name	Company Contributions to Retirement Savings (401(k)) Plan	Company Credits to Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan	Matching Charitable Award Program	Interest Payable on 2024 Fixed Deferred Salary	Other	Total
Priscilla Almodovar	$27,600	$20,400	$5,000	$—	$62,307	$115,307
Chryssa Halley	27,600	67,785	—	41,245	—	136,630
Peter Akwaboah	27,600	1,938	—	19,698	67,279	116,515
Malloy Evans	27,600	67,785	5,000	29,209	—	129,594
Anthony Moon	27,600	57,569	—	25,876	—	111,045

See “Pension Benefits” for the vesting provisions for company contributions to the Retirement Savings Plan and

“Nonqualified Deferred Compensation” for the vesting provisions for company credits to the Supplemental

Retirement Savings Plan.

Amounts shown in the “Matching Charitable Award Program” column consist of gifts we made on behalf of our

named executives under our matching charitable gifts program, under which gifts made by our employees and

directors to Internal Revenue Code Section 501(c)(3) charities were matched, up to an aggregate total of $5,000 for

the 2024 calendar year.

The amount shown for Ms. Almodovar in the “Other” column represents our incremental costs in providing her the

services of a car and executive protection driver to enhance her safety and security, pursuant to the recommendation

of a third-party security study. Some of these trips were provided by Fannie Mae security employees in a Fannie Mae

vehicle maintained for business-related transportation. Accordingly, we calculated our incremental costs of providing

secure transportation services based on (1) fuel costs incurred for trips in our vehicle and (2) the costs incurred to

retain the services of an executive security travel vendor for services not provided by Fannie Mae personnel. The

costs of these services are being reported as “All Other Compensation” as required by SEC disclosure rules. We

also provided internet surveillance services to Ms. Almodovar, for which we incurred no incremental costs. The

amount shown in the “Other” column for Mr. Akwaboah consists of our incremental costs for providing relocation

benefits in connection with his hire. These costs were for temporary lodging and transportation costs and include

fees and interest paid by Fannie Mae to the relocation benefit administrator.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 196

Executive Compensation | Compensation Tables and Other Information

Plan-Based Awards

The following table shows the annual at-risk deferred salary targets for each of the named executives for 2024. The

terms of 2024 at-risk deferred salary are described in “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Elements of 2024

Executive Compensation—Direct Compensation.” Deferred salary amounts shown represent only the target

performance-based at-risk portion of the named executives’ 2024 deferred salary.

Grants of Plan-Based Awards in 2024
		Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards(1)
Name	Award Type	Threshold	Target	Maximum
Priscilla Almodovar	At-risk deferred salary—Corporate	$—	$—	$—
	At-risk deferred salary—Individual	—	—	—
	Total at-risk deferred salary	—	—	—
Chryssa Halley	At-risk deferred salary—Corporate	—	497,596	497,596
	At-risk deferred salary—Individual	—	497,596	497,596
	Total at-risk deferred salary	—	995,192	995,192
Peter Akwaboah	At-risk deferred salary—Corporate	—	346,154	346,154
	At-risk deferred salary—Individual	—	346,154	346,154
	Total at-risk deferred salary	—	692,308	692,308
Malloy Evans	At-risk deferred salary—Corporate	—	481,731	481,731
	At-risk deferred salary—Individual	—	481,731	481,731
	Total at-risk deferred salary	—	963,462	963,462
Anthony Moon	At-risk deferred salary—Corporate	—	433,846	433,846
	At-risk deferred salary—Individual	—	433,846	433,846
	Total at-risk deferred salary	—	867,692	867,692

(1)Amounts shown are the target amounts of the performance-based at-risk portion of the named executives’ 2024

deferred salary. Half of 2024 at-risk deferred salary was subject to reduction based on corporate performance

against the 2024 scorecard and half was subject to reduction based on individual performance in 2024, taking into

account corporate performance against the 2024 Board of Directors’ goals. No amounts are shown in the

“Threshold” column because deferred salary does not specify a minimum amount payable. The amounts shown in

the “Maximum” column are the same as the amounts shown in the “Target” column because amounts higher than the

target amount of at-risk deferred salary could not be awarded. The actual amounts of the at-risk portion of deferred

salary that will be paid to the named executives for 2024 performance are included in the “Non-Equity Incentive Plan

Compensation” column of the “Summary Compensation Table.”

Pension Benefits

Retirement Savings Plan

The Retirement Savings Plan is a tax-qualified defined contribution plan for which all of our employees are generally

eligible that includes a 401(k) before-tax feature, a regular after-tax feature and a Roth after-tax feature. Under the plan,

eligible employees may allocate investment balances to a variety of investment options.

We match in cash employee contributions to the plan up to 6% of base salary and eligible incentive compensation,

subject to applicable IRS limits. This matching contribution is immediately vested. We also make a cash contribution to

the plan equal to 2% of base salary and eligible incentive compensation, subject to applicable IRS limits. Participants

are fully vested in this 2% contribution after three years of service.

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation

Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan

We provide nonqualified deferred compensation to the named executives pursuant to our Supplemental Retirement

Savings Plan. Our Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan is an unfunded, non-tax-qualified defined contribution plan.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 197

Executive Compensation | Compensation Tables and Other Information

The Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan is intended to supplement our Retirement Savings Plan, or 401(k) plan, by

providing benefits to participants whose eligible earnings exceed the IRS annual limit on eligible compensation for

401(k) plans (for 2024, the annual eligible earnings limit was $345,000).

For the 2024 plan year, we credited 8% of the eligible compensation for our named executives that exceeded the

applicable IRS annual limit. Eligible compensation in any year consists of base salary plus any eligible incentive

compensation (which includes deferred salary) earned for that year, up to a combined maximum of two times base

salary. The 8% credit consists of two parts: (1) a 2% credit that vests after the participant has completed three years of

service with us; and (2) a 6% credit that is immediately vested.

While the Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan is not funded, amounts credited on behalf of a participant under the

Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan are deemed to be invested in mutual fund investments selected by the

participant that are similar to the investments offered under our Retirement Savings Plan.

Amounts deferred under the Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan are payable to participants in the January or July

following separation from service with us, subject to a six-month delay in payment for our 50 most highly compensated

officers. Participants generally may not withdraw amounts from the Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan while they

are employees.

The table below provides information on the nonqualified deferred compensation of the named executives in 2024, all of

which was provided pursuant to our Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan.

Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation for 2024
Name	Company Contributions  in 2024(1)	Aggregate Earnings in 2024(2)	Aggregate Balance at December 31, 2024(3)
Priscilla Almodovar	$20,400	$2,422	$45,772
Chryssa Halley	67,785	86,380	942,981
Peter Akwaboah	1,938	(15)	1,924
Malloy Evans	67,785	131,608	937,948
Anthony Moon	57,569	3,800	75,826

(1)All amounts reported in this column are also reported as 2024 compensation in the “All Other Compensation” column

of the “Summary Compensation Table.”

(2)None of the earnings reported in this column are reported as 2024 compensation in the “Summary Compensation

Table” because the earnings are neither above-market nor preferential.

(3)Amounts reported in this column reflect company contributions to the Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan that

are also reported in the “All Other Compensation” column of the “Summary Compensation Table” as follows:

Balance Amounts Reported in “All Other Compensation” in the Summary Compensation Table
Name	Amounts in Aggregate Balance Column that Represent Company Contributions Reported as Compensation for 2023 in the Summary Compensation Table	Amounts in Aggregate Balance Column that Represent Company Contributions Reported as Compensation for 2022 in the Summary Compensation Table
Priscilla Almodovar	$21,600	$—
Chryssa Halley	50,985	38,100
Peter Akwaboah	—	—
Malloy Evans	50,985	39,623
Anthony Moon	13,600	—

Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change-in-Control

The information below describes and quantifies certain compensation and benefits that would have become payable to

each of our current named executives under our existing plans and arrangements if the named executive’s employment

had terminated on December 31, 2024 under each of the circumstances described below, taking into account the

named executive’s compensation and service levels as of that date. The discussion below does not reflect retirement or

deferred compensation plan benefits to which our named executives may be entitled, as these benefits are described

above under “Pension Benefits” and “Nonqualified Deferred Compensation.” The information below also does not

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 198

Executive Compensation | Compensation Tables and Other Information

generally reflect compensation and benefits available to all salaried employees upon termination of employment with us

under similar circumstances. We are not obligated to provide any additional compensation to our named executives in

connection with a change-in-control.

Potential Payments to Named Executives

We have not entered into agreements with any of our named executives that would entitle the executive to severance

benefits. If a named executive’s employment terminated for any reason other than for cause, the named executive

would be entitled to receive a specified portion of their unpaid deferred salary that was earned in 2023 and 2024.

Below we discuss various elements of the current named executives’ compensation that would become payable in the

event a named executive dies, resigns, retires, terminates employment due to long-term disability, or the company

terminates their employment. We then quantify the amounts that would be paid to our named executives in these

circumstances, in each case assuming the triggering event occurred on December 31, 2024. Named executives’

deferred salary may also be subject to reduction, forfeiture, recoupment or repayment in the event of a forfeiture event

under our Compensation Recoupment Policy or a violation of our Covered Employee External Employment Activities

Standard, as described in “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Compensation Recoupment Policies.”

•Deferred salary

◦Termination other than for cause. If a named executive is separated from employment with the company for

any reason other than termination for cause, they would receive the following:

▪Fixed deferred salary. The earned but unpaid portion of their fixed deferred salary, reduced by 2% for

each full or partial month by which the named executive’s termination precedes January 31 of the

second year following the performance year (or, if later, the end of the twenty-fourth month following

the month in which the named executive first earned deferred salary), except that the reduction will

not apply if: (1) at the time of separation the named executive has reached age 62, or age 55 with ten

years of service with Fannie Mae, or (2) the named executive’s employment terminates as a result of

death or long-term disability.

▪At-risk deferred salary. The earned but unpaid portion of their at-risk deferred salary, subject to

reduction from the target level for corporate and individual performance for the applicable

performance year, except that the reduction will not apply if an officer’s employment terminates as a

result of death or long-term disability prior to the Board of Directors’ and FHFA’s determinations of

performance for at-risk deferred salary.

▪Interest on deferred salary. Interest on deferred salary payments. Deferred salary accrues interest at

one-half of the one-year Treasury Bill rate in effect on the last business day preceding the year in

which the deferred salary is earned.

▪Payment dates. Installment payments of deferred salary and related interest would be made on the

original payment schedule, except that payments will be made within 90 days in case of the named

executive’s death.

◦Termination for cause. If we terminate a named executive’s employment for cause, the named executive

would not receive any of the earned but unpaid portion of their deferred salary. The named executive’s

employment will be considered to have been terminated for cause if we determine that the executive has:

(a) materially harmed the company by, in connection with the performance of their duties for Fannie Mae,

engaging in gross misconduct or performing their duties in a grossly negligent manner; or (b) been convicted

of, or pleaded nolo contendere with respect to, a felony.

•Retiree medical benefits. We currently make certain retiree medical benefits available to our full-time employees

who meet certain age and service requirements at the time of retirement.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 199

Executive Compensation | Compensation Tables and Other Information

The table below shows the amounts that would have become payable to each of our current named executives if their

employment had terminated on December 31, 2024 for the reasons specified. No amounts are shown for Ms.

Almodovar, as she did not receive deferred salary.

Potential Payments Upon Termination as of December 31, 2024
Name	2024 Fixed Deferred  Salary(1)		2024 At-Risk Deferred Salary(2)	Interest on 2024 Deferred Salary(3)	Remaining Unpaid 2023 At-Risk Deferred Salary(4)		Interest on Remaining Unpaid 2023 At-Risk Deferred Salary(5)
Priscilla Almodovar
Resignation, retirement, or termination without cause		$—	$—	$—	$—		$—
Long-term disability		—	—	—	—		—
Death		—	—	—	—		—
Termination for cause		—	—	—	—		—
Chryssa Halley
Resignation, retirement, or termination without cause		1,722,115	915,576	85,101	850,685		40,237
Long-term disability		1,722,115	995,192	88,915	850,685		40,237
Death		1,722,115	995,192	37,963	850,685		32,419
Termination for cause		—	—	—	—	—	—
Peter Akwaboah
Resignation, retirement, or termination without cause		822,462	636,923	50,207	—		—
Long-term disability		1,246,154	692,308	63,007	—		—
Death		1,246,154	692,308	20,311	—		—
Termination for cause		—	—	—	—		—
Malloy Evans
Resignation, retirement, or termination without cause		1,219,577	886,385	71,667	850,685		40,237
Long-term disability		1,648,077	963,462	85,621	850,685		40,237
Death		1,648,077	963,462	37,099	850,685		32,419
Termination for cause		—	—	—	—		—
Anthony Moon
Resignation, retirement, or termination without cause		1,080,400	798,277	64,113	802,200		37,944
Long-term disability		1,460,000	867,692	76,529	802,200		37,944
Death		1,460,000	867,692	34,285	802,200		30,647
Termination for cause		—	—	—	—		—

(1)In the case of resignation, retirement or termination without cause, Mr. Akwaboah, Mr. Evans and Mr. Moon each

would have received 74% of their 2024 fixed deferred salary, which is the earned but unpaid portion of their 2024

fixed deferred salary as of December 31, 2024, reduced by 2% for each full or partial month by which their

separation from employment preceded January 31, 2026. Ms. Halley would have received 100% of her 2024 fixed

deferred salary, with no reduction, because she had reached age 55 with ten years of service with Fannie Mae.

(2)The amounts in this column in the event of resignation, retirement, or termination without cause reflect the corporate

and individual performance determinations affecting 2024 at-risk deferred salary. The amounts in this column in the

event of a termination due to death or long-term disability do not reflect any performance-based reduction, because

the hypothetical December 31, 2024 termination date occurred prior to the performance determinations for at-risk

deferred salary in early 2025.

(3)Interest payable on the payments of 2024 deferred salary, which reflects that: (a) in the event of resignation,

retirement, termination without cause, or long-term disability, installment payments of 2024 deferred salary would be

paid on the original payment schedule, as described in “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Elements of 2024

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 200

Executive Compensation | Compensation Tables and Other Information

Executive Compensation; and (b) in the event of death, payments of deferred salary would be made within 90 days

of the executive’s death. Interest on 2024 deferred salary payments accrues at an annual rate of 2.395%.

(4)At-risk deferred salary earned in 2023 is paid in quarterly installments during 2025. The amounts in this column

reflect the portion of 2023 at-risk deferred salary that was earned but remained unpaid as of December 31, 2024

and, accordingly, reflects the corporate and individual performance determinations made in early 2024.

(5)Interest payable on the payments of 2023 deferred salary, which reflects that: (a) in the event of resignation,

retirement, termination without cause, or long-term disability, installment payments of deferred salary would be paid

on the original payment schedule; and (b) in the event of death, payments of deferred salary would be made within

90 days of the executive’s death. Interest on 2023 deferred salary payments accrues at an annual rate of 2.365%.

CEO to Median Employee Pay Ratio

The following table shows the compensation paid to our CEO for 2024, the total 2024 compensation of our median

employee (which was calculated based on the methodology described below the table), and the estimated ratio of the

CEO’s pay to the median employee’s pay for 2024.

2024 President and CEO to Median Employee Pay Ratio
Individual	Compensation	Ratio
President and CEO	$715,307	4.0 to 1
Median Employee	180,743

We took the following steps to identify our median employee and determine this employee’s compensation:

•We identified our employee population as of the last day of our final pay period in 2024, December 28, 2024.

On that date, we had approximately 8,200 full-time and part-time employees.

•In order to identify the median employee, we considered for each employee other than our President and CEO

the sum of their salary for 2024 (including any overtime pay), performance awards paid in 2024 and the value

of company contributions made in 2024 on their behalf to retirement plans. We did not annualize the

compensation of employees who were employed for less than the full year, nor did we make any full-time

equivalent adjustments to part-time employees. For employees whose sum fell at or close to the midpoint, we

considered their 2024 benefits and awards and other relevant factors and identified an employee whose

compensation best reflected Fannie Mae employees’ median 2024 compensation.

•We then determined that median employee’s total 2024 compensation using the approach required by the SEC

when calculating our named executives’ compensation, as reported in the Summary Compensation Table.

In general, we offer employees salary, the opportunity to receive awards for performance, company retirement plan

contributions and other benefits. In accordance with SEC rules, the median employee compensation amount for 2024

provided in the table above consists of salary, an award for 2024 performance and company retirement plan

contributions, but does not reflect benefits relating to group life or health plans generally available to all salaried

employees, parking or transit benefits that are generally available to all salaried employees, or personal benefits with an

aggregate value of less than $10,000.

Given the different methodologies that companies may use to determine their CEO pay ratios, the estimated ratio we

report above may not be comparable to that reported by other companies.

Director Compensation

Overview

FHFA’s Corporate Governance regulations provide that we may pay Board members reasonable and appropriate

compensation for the time required of them, and their necessary and reasonable expenses, in the performance of their

duties. Our non-management directors receive cash compensation pursuant to a program authorized by FHFA in 2008.

The compensation we provide to directors has not increased since this program was implemented in 2008.

Ms. Almodovar served on our Board of Directors in 2024 in connection with her service as CEO. We did not provide her

any additional compensation for her service on the Board of Directors.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 201

Executive Compensation | Director Compensation

Board Compensation Levels

Board compensation levels under the program authorized by FHFA are shown in the table below. Our directors receive

no equity compensation and no meeting fees.

Board Compensation Levels
Board Service	Cash Compensation
Annual retainer for non-executive Chair	$290,000
Annual retainer for non-management directors (other than the non-executive Chair)	160,000
Committee Service	Cash Compensation
Annual retainer for Audit Committee Chair	$25,000
Annual retainer for Risk Policy and Capital Committee Chair	15,000
Annual retainer for all other Committee Chairs	10,000
Annual retainer for Audit Committee members (other than the Audit Committee Chair)	10,000

Additional Arrangements with our Non-Management Directors

Expenses. We pay for or reimburse directors for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with their service on the

Board of Directors, including travel to and from our meetings, accommodations, meals and education.

Matching Charitable Gifts Program. Gifts made in 2024 by our directors and employees to Internal Revenue Code

Section 501(c)(3) charities were matched up to an aggregate total of $5,000 for the calendar year.

Stock Ownership Guidelines for Directors. In 2009, our Board of Directors eliminated our stock ownership requirements

for directors.

2024 Non-Management Director Compensation

The total 2024 compensation for our non-management directors is shown in the table below.

2024 Non-Management Director Compensation Table
Name	Fees Earned or Paid in Cash	All Other Compensation(1)	Total
Amy Alving	$175,000	$—	$175,000
Christopher Brummer	160,000	—	160,000
Renée Glover	170,000	—	170,000
Michael Heid	290,000	—	290,000
Simon Johnson	170,000	5,000	175,000
Karin Kimbrough	170,000	—	170,000
Diane Lye(2)	106,962	—	106,962
Diane Nordin	180,000	5,000	185,000
Chet Ragavan	160,000	5,000	165,000
Manolo Sánchez	160,000	5,000	165,000
Michael Seelig	180,792	—	180,792
Scott Stowell(3)	24,889	—	24,889
Former director
Robert Herz(4)	89,208	—	89,208

(1)Amounts shown in the “All Other Compensation” column consist of gifts we made on behalf of the directors under our

matching charitable gifts program.

(2)Dr. Lye joined Fannie Mae’s Board of Directors in May 2024.

(3)Mr. Stowell joined Fannie Mae’s Board of Directors in November 2024.

(4)Mr. Herz resigned from Fannie Mae’s Board of Directors in June 2024.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 202

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |

Beneficial Ownership

Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and

Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Beneficial Ownership

Stock Ownership of Directors and Executive Officers

The following table shows the beneficial ownership of our stock by each of our directors, each of our named executives,

and all directors and executive officers as a group, as of February 1, 2025. As of that date, no director or named

executive, nor all directors and executive officers as a group, owned as much as 1% of our outstanding common stock

or owned any series of our preferred stock.

Beneficial Ownership of Stock by Directors and Executive Officers
Directors and Named Executives	Position	Number of Shares of Common Stock Beneficially Owned(1)
Amy Alving	Director	0
Christopher Brummer	Director	0
Renée Glover	Director	0
Michael Heid	Director (Board Chair)	0
Simon Johnson	Director	0
Karin Kimbrough	Director	0
Diane Lye	Director	0
Diane Nordin	Director	0
Chet Ragavan	Director	0
Manolo Sánchez	Director	0
Michael Seelig	Director	0
Scott Stowell	Director	0
Priscilla Almodovar	President, CEO and Director	0
Chryssa Halley	Executive Vice President and CFO	0
Peter Akwaboah	Executive Vice President and COO	23
Malloy Evans	Executive Vice President—Single-Family	0
Anthony Moon	Executive Vice President and CRO	0
All directors and executive officers as a group (20 persons)(2)		29,169

(1)Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC for computing the number of shares of

common stock beneficially owned by each person and the percentage owned. Each holder has sole investment and

voting power over the shares referenced in this table, except that Mr. Akwaboah shares investment and voting power

over his shares with his spouse and one other executive officer shares investment and voting power for 9,146 shares

with their spouse. None of our directors, named executives or other executive officers held any series of our

preferred stock as of the date of this table.

(2) Group consists of all current directors, named executives, and all other current executive officers (some of whom are

not listed in the table above).

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 203

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |

Beneficial Ownership

Stock Ownership of Greater-Than 5% Holders

The following table shows the beneficial ownership of our common stock by the only person or entity we know of that

held more than 5% of our common stock as of February 1, 2025.

Beneficial Ownership of Stock by 5%+ Holders(1)
5%+ Holders	Common Stock Beneficially Owned	Percent of Class
U.S. Department of the Treasury 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20220	Variable(2)	79.9%

(1)Pershing Square Capital Management, L.P., PS Management GP, LLC, and William A. Ackman (“Pershing”) filed a

Schedule 13D with the SEC on November 15, 2013, and an amendment to the Schedule 13D on March 31, 2014. In

that amendment, Pershing reported a beneficial ownership of 115,569,796 shares of common stock, or 9.98% of our

1,158,080,657 shares of common stock outstanding as of January 31, 2014, as reported in our Annual Report on

Form 10-K filed on February 21, 2014. In the amendment, Pershing reported additional economic exposure to

approximately 15,434,715 notional shares of common stock under certain cash-settled total return swaps, bringing

their total aggregate economic exposure to 131,004,511 shares of common stock (approximately 11.31% of the

outstanding common stock on January 31, 2014). Information regarding these shares and the ownership interests of

their holders is based solely on information contained in the Schedule 13D and the amendment to the Schedule 13D.

In the amendment, Pershing indicated that they would forgo future reporting on Schedule 13D based on their

determination that shares of the common stock are not voting securities as such term is used in Rule 13d-1(i) under

the Exchange Act. As a result, this information does not reflect any acquisitions or dispositions that occurred after

March 31, 2014, and we do not know Pershing’s current beneficial ownership of our common stock.

(2)In September 2008, we issued to Treasury a warrant to purchase, for one one-thousandth of a cent ($0.00001) per

share, shares of our common stock equal to 79.9% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding

on a fully diluted basis at the time the warrant is exercised. The warrant may be exercised in whole or in part at any

time until September 7, 2028. As of February 14, 2025, Treasury has not exercised the warrant. The information

above assumes Treasury beneficially owns no other shares of our common stock.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

As of December 31, 2024, we had no outstanding options, warrants or rights under any equity compensation plan.

Although we have a legacy equity compensation plan that was previously approved by stockholders, our 1985

Employee Stock Purchase Plan, we do not anticipate issuing additional shares under that plan. Moreover, we are

prohibited from issuing any stock or other equity securities as compensation without the approval of FHFA and the prior

written consent of Treasury under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, except under limited circumstances.

Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and

Director Independence

Policies and Procedures Relating to Transactions with Related

Persons

Overview. We review transactions in which Fannie Mae is a participant and in which we have reason to believe any of

our directors or executive officers or their immediate family members may have a material interest to determine whether

any of those persons has or will have a material interest in the transaction. Our written policies and procedures for the

review, approval or ratification of transactions with related persons we must report under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K

are set forth in our:

•Director Code of Conduct;

•Corporate Governance Guidelines;

•Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter;

•Board of Directors’ delegation of authorities and reservation of powers;

•Employee Code of Conduct; and

•Oversight of Designated Executive Officers’ Conflicts of Interest and Business Courtesies Matters Policy.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 204

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence |

Policies and Procedures Relating to Transactions with Related Persons

In addition, depending on the circumstances, relationships and transactions with related persons may require

conservator decision pursuant to the instructions issued to the Board of Directors by the conservator or may require the

consent of Treasury pursuant to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement.

Director Code of Conduct. Our directors owe their fiduciary duties of care and loyalty solely to the conservator. Our

Director Code of Conduct prohibits them from engaging in conduct or activity that is inconsistent with our best interests,

as defined by the conservator’s express directions, its policies and applicable law. Our Director Code of Conduct

requires our directors to excuse themselves from voting on any issue before the Board that could result in a conflict,

self-dealing or other circumstance where their position as directors would be detrimental to us or result in a

noncompetitive, favored or unfair advantage to either themselves or their associates. In addition, our directors must

disclose any situation that involves or appears to involve a conflict of interest to the Chair of the Nominating and

Corporate Governance Committee or another member of the Committee. This includes, for example, a financial interest

of a director, an immediate family member of a director or a business associate of a director in any transaction being

considered by the Board. Directors must also disclose any financial interest they have in an organization doing business

with us. The Committee Chair or member receiving such information must report it to our General Counsel, and the

Committee must consider the issue and take further action as necessary. Our directors must comply with the company’s

procedures for the review, approval, or ratification of related person transactions. Each of our directors also must

annually certify compliance with our Director Code of Conduct. Our Director Code of Conduct also requires any director

who serves as an officer of Fannie Mae to disclose any conflict or apparent conflict to Fannie Mae’s Chief Compliance

Officer or designee and to comply with our Employee Code of Conduct as well as our Director Code of Conduct.

Corporate Governance Guidelines. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that our Board of Directors,

directly or through its committees, reviews and approves any action that in the reasonable business judgment of

management at the time the action is taken is likely to cause significant reputational risk to Fannie Mae or result in

substantial negative publicity. Depending on management’s business judgment, this requirement might apply to a

related person transaction.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

Charter requires the Committee to conduct a reasonable prior review and oversight of transactions with any directors,

nominees for director or executive officer, or any immediate family member of any of them, that we must report under

Item 404 of Regulation S-K. The Committee must prohibit such a transaction if it determines inconsistency with our

interests.

Board Delegation of Authorities and Reservation of Powers. Our Board’s delegation of authorities and reservation

of powers requires the Board to approve any action that in the reasonable business judgment of management would

result in substantial negative publicity regarding our business practices and may cause a decline in public perception

and the customer base, costly litigation, revenue reductions, or a comprehensive income loss, or otherwise are likely to

cause us negative publicity. Depending on management’s business judgment, this requirement might apply to a related

person transaction. Our Board’s delegation of authorities and reservation of powers also requires the same Committee

review and oversight as the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter described immediately above.

Employee Code of Conduct. Our Employee Code of Conduct requires our employees to seek to avoid any actual or

apparent conflicts between our business interests and their personal interests, activities, and relationships. It also

requires them to seek to avoid situations that could expose the company to reputational risk. Our Employee Code of

Conduct requires our employees to raise compliance or ethics concerns, including concerns relating to suspected or

known violations of our Employee Code of Conduct, with any people manager or officer of the company, a member of

our Human Resources division or our Compliance and Ethics division.

Designated Executive Officer Conflicts Policy. Our Oversight of Designated Executive Officers’ Conflicts of Interest

and Business Courtesies Matters Policy (“Designated Executive Officer Conflicts Policy”) requires that our executive

officers report to the Compliance and Ethics division any transaction, series of transactions, arrangement, or

relationships with us in which the executive officer or any immediate family member of the executive officer has a direct

or indirect interest, including any transaction that is required to be disclosed under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K. The

Designated Executive Officer Conflicts Policy provides that the Compliance and Ethics division will present

documentation of relevant facts on each reported transaction to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

The Designated Executive Officer Conflicts Policy also provides that, if the Compliance and Ethics division has

determined the reported transaction poses a conflict or if the reported transaction involves the CEO, the division will

submit its initial determination and any recommended mitigation activities regarding such transaction to the Nominating

and Corporate Governance Committee to approve, deny or further condition.

Conservator Instructions. We are required by the conservator to obtain its decision for various matters, some of which

may involve relationships or transactions with related persons. These matters include: actions requiring the consent of

or consultation with Treasury under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement (including any declaration of

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 205

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence |

Policies and Procedures Relating to Transactions with Related Persons

dividends and transactions with affiliates on terms less favorable to us than comparable arms’ length transactions); the

creation of any subsidiary or affiliate, or entering into a substantial transaction with a subsidiary or affiliate, except for

routine ongoing transactions with CSS or the creation of, or a transaction with, a subsidiary or affiliate undertaken in the

ordinary course of business; changes in employee compensation that could significantly impact our employees; new

compensation arrangements with or increases in compensation or benefits for our executive officers; setting or

increasing the compensation or benefits payable to members of the Board; and changes in our business operations,

activities, and transactions that in the reasonable business judgment of management are more likely than not to result in

a significant increase in credit, market, reputational, operational or other key risks.

Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement. The senior preferred stock purchase agreement requires us to obtain

written Treasury approval of transactions with affiliates unless, among other things, the transaction is upon terms no

less favorable to us than would be obtained in a comparable arm’s-length transaction with a non-affiliate or the

transaction is undertaken in the ordinary course or pursuant to a contractual obligation or customary employment

arrangement in existence at the time the senior preferred stock purchase agreement was entered into.

Director and Officer Disclosures. We require our directors and executive officers, not less than annually, to describe

to us any transaction with us in which a director or executive officer could potentially have an interest that would require

disclosure under Item 404 of Regulation S-K.

Transactions with Related Persons

Transactions with Treasury

Treasury beneficially owns more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock by virtue of the warrant we

issued to Treasury on September 7, 2008. The warrant entitles Treasury to purchase shares of our common stock equal

to 79.9% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis on the date of exercise, for an exercise price of

$0.00001 per share, and is exercisable in whole or in part at any time on or before September 7, 2028. We describe

below our current agreements with Treasury, as well as payments we are making to Treasury pursuant to the Temporary

Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the GSE Act.

FHFA, as conservator, approved the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, the amendments to the agreement

and the letter agreements relating to the agreement, the senior preferred stock, and the warrant.

Treasury Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, Senior Preferred Stock, and

Warrant

We issued the warrant to Treasury pursuant to the terms of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement we entered

into with Treasury in September 2008. Under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, we also issued to

Treasury one million shares of senior preferred stock. We issued the warrant and the senior preferred stock as an initial

commitment fee in consideration of Treasury’s commitment to provide funds to us under the terms and conditions set

forth in the senior preferred stock purchase agreement. The senior preferred stock purchase agreement was

subsequently amended in September 2008, May 2009, December 2009 and August 2012. We, through FHFA, in its

capacity as conservator, and Treasury entered into letter agreements modifying the senior preferred stock purchase

agreement, the senior preferred stock and/or the warrant in December 2017, September 2019, January 2021,

September 2021 and January 2025. See “Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements—Treasury

Agreements” for a description of the terms, as amended, of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, the senior

preferred stock and the warrant.

As of December 31, 2024, we had received an aggregate of $119.8 billion from Treasury under the senior preferred

stock purchase agreement, none of which was received in 2024, and the remaining amount of funding available to us

under the agreement was $113.9 billion. Through December 31, 2024, we had paid an aggregate of $181.4 billion to

Treasury in dividends on the senior preferred stock, none of which was paid in 2024.

Obligation to Pay TCCA Fees to Treasury

In December 2011, Congress enacted the Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011 which, among other

provisions, required that we increase our single-family guaranty fees by at least 10 basis points and pay this increase to

Treasury. To meet our obligations under the TCCA and at the direction of FHFA, we increased the guaranty fee on all

single-family mortgages delivered to us by 10 basis points in April 2012. In November 2021, the Infrastructure

Investment and Jobs Act was enacted, which extended to October 1, 2032 our obligation under the TCCA to collect 10

basis points in guaranty fees on single-family mortgages delivered to us and pay the associated revenue to Treasury. In

January 2022, FHFA advised us to continue to collect and pay these TCCA fees on and after October 1, 2032 with

respect to loans we acquired before this date until those loans are paid off or otherwise liquidated. In 2024, we

recognized $3.4 billion for our obligations to Treasury under the TCCA.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 206

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence |

Transactions with Related Persons

Treasury Interest in Affordable Housing Allocations

The GSE Act requires us to set aside in each fiscal year an amount equal to 4.2 basis points for each dollar of the

unpaid principal balance of our total new business purchases and to pay this amount to specified HUD and Treasury

funds. New business purchases consist of single-family and multifamily whole mortgage loans purchased during the

period and single-family and multifamily mortgage loans underlying Fannie Mae MBS issued during the period pursuant

to lender swaps. In December 2014, FHFA directed us to set aside amounts for these contributions during each fiscal

year, except for any fiscal year for which a draw from Treasury was made under the terms of the senior preferred stock

purchase agreement, or in which such allocation or transfer would cause such a draw. We paid $155 million to the funds

in 2024 based on our new business purchases in 2023. Pursuant to the GSE Act and directions from FHFA, we paid

$54 million of this amount to Treasury’s Capital Magnet Fund and $101 million of this amount to HUD’s Housing Trust

Fund.

Our new business purchases were $381.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024. Accordingly, we recognized an

expense of $160 million related to this obligation for the year ended December 31, 2024. Of this amount, $56 million is

payable to Treasury’s Capital Magnet Fund and $104 million is payable to HUD’s Housing Trust Fund. We expect to pay

these amounts to the funds in 2025.

Director Independence

Independence Requirements

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines, in accordance with FHFA corporate governance regulations, require a majority

of Fannie Mae’s directors to be independent as defined under the rules set forth by the NYSE, as amended from time to

time. The Board determines whether a relationship is material to independence, and whether a Board member is

independent, based upon the recommendation of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and in

accordance with NYSE rules. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines also provide that the Board must determine an

independent director has no material relationship with us, either directly or through an organization that has a material

relationship with us; for this purpose, a relationship is “material” if, in the judgment of the Board, it would interfere with

the Board member’s independent judgment. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines are posted on our website,

www.fanniemae.com, under “Corporate Governance Guidelines” in the “About Us—Corporate Governance” section.

In addition, under FHFA corporate governance regulations, Board committee members must meet the independence

requirements set forth under NYSE rules. The NYSE’s listing standards include additional independence criteria for

members of the Audit Committee and Compensation and Human Capital Committee.

Our Board of Directors

Our Board of Directors, with the assistance of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board, has

reviewed the independence of all current Board members pursuant to the requirements described in “Independence

Requirements” above. Based on its review, the Board has determined that all of our current directors are independent,

other than Ms. Almodovar (because she is our President and CEO). Our Board of Directors also determined Robert

Herz was independent during his 2024 service on our Board of Directors. The Board of Directors considered the

following relationships, transactions or arrangements and determined they were not material to Board member

independence:

•Board Memberships with Business Partners. Dr. Brummer, Ms. Glover, Mr. Heid, Mr. Herz, Ms. Kimbrough, Ms.

Nordin, Mr. Sánchez, and Mr. Stowell are, were, or expect to be directors or advisory Board members of

companies that engage in business with Fannie Mae or that have an interest in one or more entities that engage in

business with Fannie Mae. The Board considered that each of these directors was solely a director or advisory

board member of such company, and none of these directors served in a management role or had ownership

interests other than as incidental to their board service. The Board also considered other relevant information

including, to the extent available, information regarding payments between these companies and Fannie Mae

during the past three years.

•Board Memberships with Investors in Our Fixed Income Securities. Mr. Herz, Ms. Kimbrough, and Ms. Nordin

serve as directors or advisory Board members of companies that invest or may invest in Fannie Mae fixed-income

securities. It is generally not possible for Fannie Mae to determine the extent of the holdings of these companies in

Fannie Mae fixed-income securities as payments to holders are made through the Federal Reserve, and most of

these securities are held in turn by financial intermediaries. We understand that the investments by these

companies in Fannie Mae fixed-income securities are entered into at arm’s length in the ordinary course of

business, upon market terms and conditions, and are not entered into at the direction of, or upon approval by, the

director in his or her capacity as a director or advisory Board member of these companies.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 207

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | Director Independence

•Current Employment with Business Partners. Dr. Brummer, Dr. Johnson and Ms. Kimbrough are each employed at

entities that engage in business with Fannie Mae.

◦Dr. Brummer is a columnist at CQ Roll Call, a provider of congressional news, legislative tracking, and

advocacy services. He is also the co-founder of a podcast that is affiliated with CQ Roll Call. Fannie Mae pays

subscription fees providing access to CQ Roll Call. The payments made by Fannie Mae to CQ Roll Call during

the past three years fall below the NYSE independence standards’ thresholds of materiality for a director who is

a current employee of a company to which Fannie Mae made, or from which Fannie Mae received, payments.

◦Dr. Brummer is a professor at Georgetown University Law Center and founder of the DC Fintech Week

conference. In 2024, Fannie Mae co-hosted a portion of the event at its offices and paid vendors for event

registration, food and beverage, and other services. We did not make these payments to Georgetown

University or to Dr. Brummer; had we paid the university, they would have fallen below the NYSE independence

standards’ thresholds of materiality for a director who is a current employee of a company to which Fannie Mae

made, or from which Fannie Mae received, payments.

◦Dr. Johnson is a professor at MIT, which Fannie Mae has engaged for certain data analysis and training. He is

also a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, a nonprofit organization that facilitates

issue analysis, to which Fannie Mae has paid subscription fees. The payments made by Fannie Mae to each

during the past three years fall below the NYSE independence standards’ thresholds of materiality for a director

who is a current employee of a company to which Fannie Mae made, or from which Fannie Mae received,

payments.

◦Ms. Kimbrough is employed by LinkedIn Corporation, a subsidiary of Microsoft Corporation. Fannie Mae has

engaged in transactions directly and indirectly with LinkedIn for advertising, recruiting, and educational

programs. Fannie Mae has engaged Microsoft in connection with Office 365 applications and for other

technology services. The payments made by Fannie Mae to Microsoft during the past three years fall below the

NYSE independence standards’ thresholds of materiality for a director who is a current employee of a company

to which Fannie Mae made, or from which Fannie Mae received, payments.

The Board also determined that each member of the Audit Committee, Compensation and Human Capital Committee,

and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (including Mr. Herz during his 2024 service) met the NYSE’s

independence criteria for members of such committees.

The Board did not consider the Board’s duties to the conservator, together with the federal government’s controlling

beneficial ownership of Fannie Mae, in determining independence of the Board members.

Item 14.  Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The Audit Committee of our Board of Directors is directly responsible for the appointment, oversight and evaluation of

our independent registered public accounting firm, subject to conservator approval of matters relating to retention and

termination. Deloitte & Touche LLP (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board ID No. 34) was our independent

registered public accounting firm for the years ended 2024 and 2023. Deloitte & Touche LLP has advised the Audit

Committee that they are independent accountants with respect to the company, within the meaning of standards

established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and federal securities laws administered by the SEC.

The following table displays the aggregate estimated or actual fees for professional services provided by Deloitte &

Touche LLP, including audit fees.

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Description of fees:
Audit fees	$37,325,580	$39,099,000
Audit-related fees(1)	348,435	314,800
Tax fees(2)	101,079	20,000
All other fees(3)	543,000	394,000
Total fees	$38,318,094	$39,827,800

(1)Consists of fees billed for attest-related services on debt offerings and compliance with the covenants in the senior preferred stock

purchase agreement with Treasury.

(2)Consists of tax fees related to non-audit tax consulting and compliance services.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 208

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

(3)Consists of fees billed for non-audit engagements, including attestation for the Corporate Responsibility and Impact report and

predecessor report, and other compliance assessments. These services were permissible under the Audit Committee's pre-approval policy

discussed below.

Pre-Approval Policy

In accordance with its charter, the Audit Committee must approve, in advance of the service, all audit and permissible

non-audit services to be provided by our independent registered public accounting firm and establish policies and

procedures for the engagement of the external auditor to provide audit and permissible non-audit services. The

independent registered public accounting firm and management are required to present reports on the nature of the

services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm for the past year and the fees for such services,

categorized into audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services. The firm may not be retained to

perform the non-audit services specified in Section 10A(g) of the Exchange Act.

The Audit Committee has delegated to its Chair the authority to pre-approve any additional audit and permissible non-

audit services up to $1 million per engagement. The Audit Committee must ratify such pre-approvals at the next

scheduled meeting of the Audit Committee.

In 2024, we paid no fees to the independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to the de minimis exception

established by the SEC, and all services were pre-approved.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 209

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

PART IV

Item 15.  Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

Documents filed as part of this report

Consolidated Financial Statements

An index to our consolidated financial statements has been filed as part of this report beginning on page F-1 and is

incorporated herein by reference.

Financial Statement Schedules

None.

Exhibits

The table below lists exhibits that are filed with or incorporated by reference into this report.

Item	Description
3.1	Fannie Mae Charter Act (12 U.S.C. § 1716 et seq.) as amended through July 25, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Fannie Mae’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, filed October 31, 2019)
3.2	Fannie Mae Bylaws, as amended through January 29, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Fannie Mae’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed February 14, 2019)
4.1	Description of Registrant's Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Fannie Mae’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed February 15, 2024)
4.2	Certificate of Designation of Terms of Fannie Mae Preferred Stock, Series D (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Fannie Mae’s registration statement on Form 10, filed March 31, 2003)
4.3	Certificate of Designation of Terms of Fannie Mae Preferred Stock, Series E (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Fannie Mae’s registration statement on Form 10, filed March 31, 2003)
4.4	Certificate of Designation of Terms of Fannie Mae Preferred Stock, Series F (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Fannie Mae’s registration statement on Form 10, filed March 31, 2003)
4.5	Certificate of Designation of Terms of Fannie Mae Preferred Stock, Series G (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Fannie Mae’s registration statement on Form 10, filed March 31, 2003)
4.6	Certificate of Designation of Terms of Fannie Mae Preferred Stock, Series H (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Fannie Mae’s registration statement on Form 10, filed March 31, 2003)
4.7	Certificate of Designation of Terms of Fannie Mae Preferred Stock, Series I (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to Fannie Mae’s registration statement on Form 10, filed March 31, 2003)
4.8	Certificate of Designation of Terms of Fannie Mae Preferred Stock, Series L (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Fannie Mae’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2008)
4.9	Certificate of Designation of Terms of Fannie Mae Preferred Stock, Series M (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to Fannie Mae’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2008)
4.10	Certificate of Designation of Terms of Fannie Mae Preferred Stock, Series N (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to Fannie Mae’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2008)
4.11	Certificate of Designation of Terms of Fannie Mae Non-Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, Series 2004-1 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to Fannie Mae’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, filed February 26, 2010)
4.12	Certificate of Designation of Terms of Fannie Mae Preferred Stock, Series O (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to Fannie Mae’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, filed February 26, 2010)
4.13	Certificate of Designation of Terms of Fannie Mae Preferred Stock, Series P (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to Fannie Mae’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, filed April 2, 2013)
4.14	Certificate of Designation of Terms of Fannie Mae Preferred Stock, Series Q (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to Fannie Mae’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, filed April 2, 2013)
4.15	Certificate of Designation of Terms of Fannie Mae Preferred Stock, Series R (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.14 to Fannie Mae’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, filed April 2, 2013)
4.16	Certificate of Designation of Terms of Fannie Mae Preferred Stock, Series S (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.15 to Fannie Mae’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, filed April 2, 2013)
4.17	Certificate of Designation of Terms of Fannie Mae Preferred Stock, Series T (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed May 19, 2008)
4.18	Fannie Mae Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Terms of Variable Liquidation Preference Senior Preferred Stock, Series 2008-2, effective as of January 2, 2025

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 210

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

4.19	Federal National Mortgage Association Amended and Restated Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, effective as of January 2, 2025
4.20	Amended and Restated Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 26, 2008, between the United States Department of the Treasury and Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 2, 2008)
4.21	Amendment to Amended and Restated Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 6, 2009, between the United States Department of the Treasury and Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.21 to Fannie Mae’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, filed May 8, 2009)
4.22	Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 24, 2009, between the United States Department of the Treasury and Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 30, 2009)
4.23	Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 17, 2012, between the United States Department of the Treasury and Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August 17, 2012)
4.24	Letter Agreement between the United States Department of the Treasury and the Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator, dated December 21, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 22, 2017)
4.25	Letter Agreement between the United States Department of the Treasury and the Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator, dated September 27, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 1, 2019)
4.26	Letter Agreement between the United States Department of the Treasury and the Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator, dated January 14, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 20, 2021)
4.27	Letter Agreement between the United States Department of the Treasury and the Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator, dated September 14, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 20, 2021)
4.28	Letter Agreement between the United States Department of the Treasury and the Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its conservator, dated January 2, 2025 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 7, 2025)
10.1	Repayment Provisions for SEC Executive Officers, amended and restated as of March 8, 2012† (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44 to Fannie Mae’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012, filed May 9, 2012)
10.2	Fannie Mae Form of Indemnification Agreement for directors and officers of Fannie Mae (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Fannie Mae’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, filed February 26, 2009.)
10.3	Fannie Mae Form of Indemnification Agreement for directors and officers of Fannie Mae (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Fannie Mae’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed February 17, 2017)
10.4	Fannie Mae Form of Indemnification Agreement for directors and officers of Fannie Mae (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Fannie Mae’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed February 14, 2019)
10.5	Fannie Mae Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan, as amended through April 29, 2008† (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Fannie Mae’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, filed August 8, 2008)
10.6	Amendment to Fannie Mae Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan, effective October 8, 2008† (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to Fannie Mae’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, filed February 26, 2009)
10.7	Amendment to Fannie Mae Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan, effective May 14, 2010† (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Fannie Mae’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010, filed August 5, 2010)
10.8	Amendment to Fannie Mae Supplemental Retirement Savings plan for 2012 Executive Compensation Program, adopted May 18, 2012† (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Fannie Mae’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012, filed August 8, 2012)
10.9	Amendment to Fannie Mae Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan, effective July 1, 2013† (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Fannie Mae’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2013, filed November 7, 2013)
10.10	Amendment to Fannie Mae Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan, effective December 31, 2020† (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Fannie Mae's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed February 12, 2021)
10.11	Amendment to Fannie Mae Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan, effective January 1, 2023† (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Fannie Mae’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed February 14, 2023)
10.12	Amended and Restated Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 26, 2008, between the United States Department of the Treasury and Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator (Incorporated by reference Exhibit 4.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8- K, filed October 2, 2008)

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 211

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

10.13	Amendment to Amended and Restated Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 6, 2009, between the United States Department of the Treasury and Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.21 to Fannie Mae’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed May 8, 2009)
10.14	Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 24, 2009, between the United States Department of the Treasury and Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 30, 2009)
10.15	Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 17, 2012, between the United States Department of the Treasury and Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August 17, 2012)
10.16	Letter Agreement between the United States Department of the Treasury and the Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator, dated December 21, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2017)
10.17	Letter Agreement between the United States Department of the Treasury and the Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator, dated September 27, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 1, 2019)
10.18	Letter Agreement between the United States Department of the Treasury and the Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator, dated January 14, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 20, 2021)
10.19	Letter Agreement between the United States Department of the Treasury and the Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its duly appointed conservator, dated September 14, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 20, 2021)
10.20	Letter Agreement between the United States Department of the Treasury and the Federal National Mortgage Association, acting through the Federal Housing Finance Agency as its conservator, dated January 2, 2025 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 7, 2025)
10.21	Confidentiality and Proprietary Rights Agreement† (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Fannie Mae’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, filed August 3, 2021)
10.22	Form of Covered Employee Statement Under Confidentiality and Proprietary Rights Agreement† (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to Fannie Mae’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed February 15, 2022)
10.23	Form of Covered Employee Statement Under Confidentiality and Proprietary Rights Agreement (first used with 2023 executive compensation)†  (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Fannie Mae’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed February 14, 2023)
10.24	Form of Relocation Repayment Agreement for Officers of Fannie Mae† (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Fannie Mae’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, filed July 30, 2024)
19.1	Insider Trading Policy^
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
99.1	First Amendment of the Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Common Securitization Solutions, LLC, effective date February 2, 2024 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Fannie Mae’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, filed April 30, 2024)
99.2	Side Letter Agreement between the Federal Housing Finance Agency and the United States Department of the Treasury, dated January 2, 2025 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Fannie Mae’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 7, 2025)
101. INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document* - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101. SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema*
101. CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation*
101. DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition*
101. LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label*
101. PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation*
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

__________

†This Exhibit is a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

*The financial information contained in these XBRL documents is unaudited.

^Portions of this exhibit have been redacted pursuant to Item 601(a)(6) of Regulation S-K.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 212

Form 10-K Summary

Item 16.  Form 10-K Summary

None.

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 213

Signatures

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly

caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Federal National Mortgage Association

/s/ Priscilla Almodovar

Priscilla Almodovar

President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: February 14, 2025

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and

appoints Priscilla Almodovar and Chryssa C. Halley, and each of them severally, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-

fact with power of substitution and resubstitution to sign in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to

do any and all things and execute any and all instruments that such attorney may deem necessary or advisable under

the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and any rules, regulations and requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange

Commission in connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K and any and all amendments hereto, as fully for all

intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, and hereby ratifies and confirms all said attorneys-in-fact

and agents, each acting alone, and his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue

hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following

persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Michael J. Heid	Chair of the Board of Directors	February 14, 2025
Michael J. Heid
/s/ Priscilla Almodovar	President and Chief Executive Officer and Director	February 14, 2025
Priscilla Almodovar
/s/ Chryssa C. Halley	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	February 14, 2025
Chryssa C. Halley
/s/ James L. Holmberg	Senior Vice President and Controller	February 14, 2025
James L. Holmberg
/s/ Amy E. Alving	Director	February 14, 2025
Amy E. Alving

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K 214

Signatures

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Christopher J. Brummer	Director	February 14, 2025
Christopher J. Brummer
/s/ Renée L. Glover	Director	February 14, 2025
Renée L. Glover
/s/ Simon Johnson	Director	February 14, 2025
Simon Johnson
/s/ Karin J. Kimbrough	Director	February 14, 2025
Karin J. Kimbrough
/s/ Diane N. Lye	Director	February 14, 2025
Diane N. Lye
/s/ Diane C. Nordin	Director	February 14, 2025
Diane C. Nordin
/s/ Chetlur S. Ragavan	Director	February 14, 2025
Chetlur S. Ragavan
/s/ Manuel Sánchez Rodríguez	Director	February 14, 2025
Manuel Sánchez Rodríguez
/s/ Michael Seelig	Director	February 14, 2025
Michael Seelig
/s/ Scott D. Stowell	Director	February 14, 2025
Scott D. Stowell

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K F-1

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
		Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		F-4
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		F-6
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		F-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		F-8
	Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	F-8
	Note 2—Conservatorship, Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and Related Matters . . . . . . . .	F-16
	Note 3—Consolidations and Transfers of Financial Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	F-22
	Note 4—Mortgage Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	F-24
	Note 5—Allowance for Loan Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	F-37
	Note 6—Investments in Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	F-40
	Note 7—Financial Guarantees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	F-40
	Note 8—Short-Term and Long-Term Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	F-41
	Note 9—Derivative Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	F-43
	Note 10—Income Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	F-47
	Note 11—Segment Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	F-49
	Note 12—Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	F-52
	Note 13—Regulatory Capital Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	F-56
	Note 14—Concentrations of Credit Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	F-58
	Note 15—Netting Arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	F-64
	Note 16—Fair Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	F-66
	Note 17—Commitments and Contingencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	F-77

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K F-2

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To Fannie Mae:

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Fannie Mae and consolidated entities (in

conservatorship) (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of

operations and comprehensive income, cash flows, and changes in equity for each of the three years in the period

ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion,

the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31,

2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended

December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United

States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria

established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of

the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 14, 2025, expressed an adverse opinion on the Company’s

internal control over financial reporting because of a material weakness.

Emphasis of a Matter

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company is currently under the control of the

Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) as conservator. Further, the Company directly and indirectly received

substantial support from the United States Government through the United States Department of the Treasury

(“Treasury”) and FHFA. The Company is dependent upon continued support of Treasury and FHFA.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an

opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the

PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities

laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and

perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material

misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material

misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to

those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in

the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates

made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our

audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements

that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or

disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or

complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial

statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate

opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Allowance for Loan Losses — Refer to Notes 1 and 5 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company’s allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance that reflects an estimate of expected credit losses

related to its recorded investment in single-family and multifamily held-for-investment loans. The allowance for loan

losses requires consideration of a broad range of information about current conditions and reasonable and supportable

forecast information to develop loan loss estimates. The Company uses internal models to estimate credit losses that

incorporate historical credit loss experience, adjusted for current economic forecasts and the current credit risk profile of

the Company’s single-family and multifamily loan books of business. Management adjusts the modeled estimate when it

identifies relevant information not yet reflected in the allowance for loan losses.

For its single-family mortgage loan allowance for loan losses, the Company uses a discounted cash flow method to

measure expected credit losses. The model uses the current credit risk profile and reasonable and supportable

Fannie Mae 2024 Form 10-K F-3

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

forecasts for key economic drivers for single-family mortgage loans, including home prices and interest rates. For its

multifamily mortgage loan allowance for loan losses, the Company uses an undiscounted cash flow method to measure

expected credit losses. The model uses the current credit risk profile and reasonable and supportable forecasts for key

economic drivers for multifamily mortgage loans, including net operating income and property valuations.

We identified the allowance for loan losses for single-family and multifamily mortgage loans held-for-investment,

excluding the portion related to single-family reverse mortgage loans, as a critical audit matter because of the

complexity of the Company’s internal models and the significant assumptions and judgments used by management.

This required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve credit

specialists when performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s internal models and

significant assumptions.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the internal models, key data inputs, and management’s significant assumptions used to

estimate the allowance for loan losses described in the preceding paragraph, included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls, including those related to the internal models, key data inputs, and

significant management assumptions.

•With the assistance of our credit specialists, we evaluated:

◦The appropriateness of the internal models and methodologies.

◦The reasonableness of management’s significant assumptions, including the development of forecasted

home price growth (single-family), forecasted interest rates (single-family), forecasted net operating income

(multifamily), and forecasted property valuations (multifamily).

◦The appropriateness of any qualitative adjustments (or lack thereof) to the modeled expected cash flow

output, including additional risk characteristics identified by management that are not yet reflected in the

model.

•We tested the accuracy of key data inputs, including historical loan data and economic data consumed by the

internal models used to calculate expected credit losses.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

McLean, Virginia

February 14, 2025

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2005.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-4

Financial Statements | Consolidated Balance Sheets

FANNIE MAE

(In conservatorship)

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in millions)

	As of December 31,
	2024		2023
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents		$38,853		$35,817
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (includes $31,893 and $25,836, respectively, related to consolidated trusts)		39,958		32,889
Securities purchased under agreements to resell		15,975		30,700
Investments in securities, at fair value		79,197		53,116
Mortgage loans:
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value		373		2,149
Loans held for investment, at amortized cost:
Of Fannie Mae		50,053		48,199
Of consolidated trusts		4,095,287		4,094,013
Total loans held for investment (includes $3,744 and $3,315, respectively, at fair value)		4,145,340		4,142,212
Allowance for loan losses		(7,707)		(8,730)
Total loans held for investment, net of allowance		4,137,633		4,133,482
Total mortgage loans		4,138,006		4,135,631
Advances to lenders		1,825		1,389
Deferred tax assets, net		10,545		11,681
Accrued interest receivable (includes $10,666 and $10,132, respectively, related to consolidated trusts)		11,364		10,724
Other assets		14,008		13,490
Total assets		$4,349,731		$4,325,437
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities:
Accrued interest payable (includes $10,858 and $10,212, respectively, related to consolidated trusts)		$11,585		$10,931
Debt:
Of Fannie Mae (includes $385 and $761, respectively, at fair value)		139,422		124,065
Of consolidated trusts (includes $13,292 and $14,343, respectively, at fair value)		4,088,675		4,098,653
Other liabilities (includes $1,699 and $1,713, respectively, related to consolidated trusts)		15,392		14,106
Total liabilities		4,255,074		4,247,755
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)		—		—
Fannie Mae stockholders’ equity:
Senior preferred stock (liquidation preference of $212,029 and $195,224, respectively)		120,836		120,836
Preferred stock, 700,000,000 shares are authorized—555,374,922 shares issued and outstanding		19,130		19,130
Common stock, no par value, no maximum authorization—1,308,762,703 shares issued and 1,158,087,567 shares outstanding		687		687
Accumulated deficit		(38,625)		(55,603)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		29		32
Treasury stock, at cost, 150,675,136 shares		(7,400)		(7,400)
Total stockholders’ equity		94,657		77,682
Total liabilities and equity		$4,349,731		$4,325,437

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-5

Financial Statements | Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

FANNIE MAE

(In conservatorship)

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Interest income:
Investments in securities		$3,916		$4,158		$1,828
Mortgage loans		144,152		133,234		117,813
Other		2,498		2,322		656
Total interest income		150,566		139,714		120,297
Interest expense:
Short-term debt		(595)		(672)		(76)
Long-term debt		(121,223)		(110,269)		(90,798)
Total interest expense		(121,818)		(110,941)		(90,874)
Net interest income		28,748		28,773		29,423
Benefit (provision) for credit losses		186		1,670		(6,277)
Net interest income after benefit (provision) for credit losses		28,934		30,443		23,146
Fair value gains (losses), net		1,821		1,304		1,284
Investment gains (losses), net		(38)		(53)		(297)
Fee and other income		321		275		312
Non-interest income		2,104		1,526		1,299
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits		(2,004)		(1,906)		(1,671)
Professional services, technology, and occupancy		(1,615)		(1,539)		(1,526)
Legislative assessments		(3,766)		(3,745)		(3,788)
Credit enhancement expense		(1,641)		(1,512)		(1,323)
Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries		194		(193)		727
Other expenses, net		(937)		(1,118)		(631)
Total non-interest expense		(9,769)		(10,013)		(8,212)
Income before federal income taxes		21,269		21,956		16,233
Provision for federal income taxes		(4,291)		(4,548)		(3,310)
Net income		16,978		17,408		12,923
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(3)		(3)		(3)
Total comprehensive income		$16,975		$17,405		$12,920
Net income		$16,978		$17,408		$12,923
Dividends distributed or amounts attributable to senior preferred stock		(16,975)		(17,405)		(12,920)
Net income attributable to common stockholders		$3		$3		$3
Earnings per share:
Basic		$0.00		$0.00		$0.00
Diluted		0.00		0.00		0.00
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic		5,867		5,867		5,867
Diluted		5,893		5,893		5,893

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-6

Financial Statements | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

FANNIE MAE

(In conservatorship)

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Dollars in millions)

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2022
Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities:
Net income	$16,978	$17,408	$12,923
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Amortization of cost basis adjustments	(1,590)	(2,535)	(5,731)
Net impact of hedged mortgage assets and debt	11	210	(423)
Provision (benefit) for credit losses	(186)	(1,670)	6,277
Valuation (gains) losses	(1,116)	(760)	361
Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries	(194)	193	(727)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	1,137	1,231	(195)
Net gains related to the disposition of acquired property and preforeclosure sales, including credit enhancements	(769)	(1,182)	(1,782)
Net change in accrued interest receivable	(733)	(1,110)	(1,826)
Net change in servicer advances	30	31	(217)
Net change in accrued interest payable	891	1,014	731
Other, net	331	130	(352)
Net change in trading securities	(25,310)	(1,077)	34,787
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(10,520)	11,883	43,826
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities:
Mortgage loans acquired held for investment:
Purchases	(135,865)	(124,372)	(247,016)
Proceeds from sales	3,833	2,182	7,501
Proceeds from repayments	366,164	335,240	500,158
Advances to lenders	(95,139)	(103,364)	(178,450)
Proceeds from disposition of acquired property, preforeclosure sales and insurance proceeds	3,636	5,718	2,860
Net change in federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	14,725	(16,135)	6,178
Other, net	441	(119)	(1,103)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	157,795	99,150	90,128
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of debt of Fannie Mae	469,637	415,790	340,708
Payments to redeem debt of Fannie Mae	(454,693)	(427,161)	(403,967)
Proceeds from issuance of debt of consolidated trusts	224,003	228,976	469,955
Payments to redeem debt of consolidated trusts	(376,114)	(347,773)	(561,440)
Other, net	(3)	—	—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(137,170)	(130,168)	(154,744)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents	10,105	(19,135)	(20,790)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	68,706	87,841	108,631
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$78,811	$68,706	$87,841
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$128,770	$118,897	$101,469
Income taxes, net of refunds	2,871	2,750	3,511
Supplemental information on non-cash activities related to mortgage loans (see Note 4)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-7

Financial Statements | Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

FANNIE MAE

(In conservatorship)

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

(Dollars and shares in millions)

	Fannie Mae Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares Outstanding			Senior Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Treasury Stock	Total Equity
	Senior Preferred	Preferred	Common
Balance as of December 31, 2021	1	556	1,158	$120,836	$19,130	$687	$(85,934)	$38	$(7,400)	$47,357
Comprehensive income:
Net income:	—	—	—	—	—	—	12,923	—	—	12,923
Other comprehensive income, net of tax effect:
Changes in net unrealized losses on available- for-sale securities (net of taxes of $8)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	(33)	—	(33)
Reclassification adjustment for gains (losses) included in net income (net of taxes of $3)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	13	—	13
Other (net of taxes of $4)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	17	—	17
Total comprehensive income										12,920
Balance as of December 31, 2022	1	556	1,158	120,836	19,130	687	(73,011)	35	(7,400)	60,277
Comprehensive income:
Net income	—	—	—	—	—	—	17,408	—	—	17,408
Other comprehensive income, net of tax effect:
Changes in net unrealized losses on available- for-sale securities (net of taxes of $1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	(4)	—	(4)
Reclassification adjustment for gains (losses) included in net income (net of taxes of $0)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	2	—	2
Other (net of taxes of $0)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	(1)	—	(1)
Total comprehensive income										17,405
Balance as of December 31, 2023	1	556	1,158	120,836	19,130	687	(55,603)	32	(7,400)	77,682
Comprehensive income:
Net income	—	—	—	—	—	—	16,978	—	—	16,978
Other comprehensive income, net of tax effect:
Changes in net unrealized losses on available- for-sale securities (net of taxes of $0)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	(1)	—	(1)
Reclassification adjustment for gains (losses) included in net income (net of taxes of $1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	2	—	2
Other (net of taxes of $1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	(4)	—	(4)
Total comprehensive income										16,975
Balance as of December 31, 2024	1	556	1,158	$120,836	$19,130	$687	$(38,625)	$29	$(7,400)	$94,657

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-8

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

FANNIE MAE

(In conservatorship)

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

Fannie Mae is a leading source of financing for residential mortgages in the United States. We are a government-

sponsored, stockholder-owned corporation, chartered by Congress to provide liquidity and stability to the U.S. housing

market and to promote access to mortgage credit. We primarily do this by buying residential mortgage loans that are

originated by lenders. We place these loans into trusts and issue guaranteed mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) that

global investors buy from us. We do not originate mortgage loans or lend money directly to borrowers.

We have two reportable business segments: Single-Family and Multifamily. The Single-Family business operates in the

secondary mortgage market relating to loans secured by properties containing four or fewer residential dwelling units.

The Multifamily business operates in the secondary mortgage market relating primarily to loans secured by properties

containing five or more residential units. We describe the management reporting and allocation process used to

generate our segment results in “Note 11, Segment Reporting.”

We have been under conservatorship with the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) acting as conservator since

September 2008. See “Note 2, Conservatorship, Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and Related Matters,” for

information on our conservatorship, the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, the impact of U.S. government

support on our business, and related party relationships.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles

generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). To conform to our current-period presentation, we have

reclassified certain amounts reported in our prior period consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

Preparing consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and

assumptions that affect our reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities

as of the dates of our consolidated financial statements, as well as our reported amounts of revenues and expenses

during the reporting periods. Management has made significant estimates in a variety of areas including, but not limited

to, the allowance for loan losses. Actual results could be different from these estimates.

Principles of Consolidation

Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts as well as the accounts of the other entities in which we

have a controlling financial interest. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The typical

condition for a controlling financial interest is ownership of a majority of the voting interests of an entity. A controlling

financial interest may also exist in an entity such as a variable interest entity (“VIE”) through arrangements that do not

involve voting interests, such as control over the servicing of the collateral held by the VIE. Fannie Mae’s controlling

interest generally arises from arrangements with VIEs.

We consolidate VIEs when we have a controlling financial interest in the VIE and are therefore considered the primary

beneficiary of the VIE. We are the primary beneficiary of a VIE when we have both the power to direct the activities of

the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and exposure to losses or benefits of the VIE that could

potentially be significant to the VIE. The primary beneficiary determination may change over time as our interest in the

VIE changes. Therefore, we evaluate whether we are the primary beneficiary of VIEs in which we have variable

interests at both inception and on an ongoing basis. Generally, the assets of our consolidated VIEs can be used only to

settle obligations of the VIE, and the creditors of our consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to Fannie Mae, except

when we provide a guarantee to the VIE.

The measurement of assets and liabilities of VIEs that we consolidate depends on whether we are the transferor of

assets into a VIE. When we are the transferor of assets into a VIE that we consolidate at the time of the transfer, we

continue to recognize the assets and liabilities of the VIE at the amounts that they would have been recognized if we

had not transferred the assets and no gain or loss is recognized. We are the transferor to the VIEs created during our

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-9

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

portfolio securitizations; this execution occurs when we purchase loans from third-party sellers for cash and later deposit

these loans into an MBS trust. The securities issued through a portfolio securitization are then sold to investors for cash.

When we are not the transferor of assets into a VIE that we consolidate, we recognize the assets and liabilities of the

VIE in our consolidated financial statements at fair value and a gain or loss for the difference between (1) the fair value

of the consideration paid, fair value of noncontrolling interests and the reported amount of any previously held interests,

and (2) the net amount of the fair value of the assets and liabilities recognized upon consolidation. However, for the

VIEs established under our lender swap program, we do not recognize a gain or loss if the VIEs are consolidated at

formation as there is no difference in the respective fair value of (1) and (2) above. We record gains or losses that are

associated with the consolidation of VIEs as a component of “Investment gains (losses), net” in our consolidated

statements of operations and comprehensive income. A lender swap transaction occurs when a mortgage lender

delivers a pool of loans to us, which we immediately deposit into an MBS trust.

If we cease to be deemed the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we deconsolidate the VIE. We use fair value to measure the

initial cost basis for any retained interests that are recorded upon the deconsolidation of a VIE. Any difference between

the fair value and the previous carrying amount of our investment in the VIE is recorded in “Investment gains (losses),

net” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Transfers of Financial Assets

We evaluate each transfer of financial assets to determine whether we have surrendered control and the transfer

qualifies as a sale. If a transfer does not meet the criteria for sale treatment, the transferred assets remain in our

consolidated balance sheets and we record a liability to the extent of any proceeds received in connection with the

transfer.

When a transfer that qualifies as a sale is completed, we derecognize all assets transferred and recognize all assets

received and liabilities incurred at fair value. The difference between the carrying basis of the assets transferred and the

fair value of the net proceeds from the sale is recorded as a component of “Investment gains (losses), net” in our

consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. We retain interests from the transfer and sale of

mortgage-related securities to unconsolidated single-class and multi-class portfolio securitization trusts. Retained

interests are primarily derived from transfers associated with our portfolio securitizations in the form of Fannie Mae

securities. We separately describe the subsequent accounting, as well as how we determine fair value, for our retained

interests in the “Investments in Securities” section of this note.

Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Short-term investments that have a maturity at the date of acquisition of three months or less and are readily convertible

to known amounts of cash are generally considered cash equivalents. We also include securities purchased under

agreements to resell on an overnight basis in “Cash and cash equivalents” in our consolidated balance sheets. We may

pledge as collateral certain short-term investments classified as cash equivalents.

“Restricted cash and cash equivalents” in our consolidated balance sheets primarily represents cash held in accounts

that are for the benefit of MBS certificateholders (inclusive of amounts that have been advanced by us under the terms

of our guaranty) that will be distributed to the MBS certificateholders on a future date in accordance with the terms of the

MBS trust agreements. Fannie Mae, in its role as trustee, invests funds held by consolidated trusts directly in eligible

short-term third-party investments, which may include investments in cash equivalents that are composed of overnight

repurchase agreements and U.S. Treasuries that have a maturity at the date of acquisition of three months or less. The

funds underlying these short-term investments are restricted per the MBS trust agreements. Cash may also be

recognized as restricted cash for certain collateral arrangements for which we do not have the right to use the cash.

Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell

We enter into repurchase agreements that involve contemporaneous trades to purchase and sell securities. As the

transferor has not relinquished control over the securities, these transactions are accounted for as secured financings

and reported as securities purchased under agreements to resell in our consolidated balance sheets except for

securities purchased under agreements to resell on an overnight basis, which are included in cash and cash equivalents

in our consolidated balance sheets. We present cash flows from securities purchased under agreements to resell as

investing activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

These repurchase agreements may allow us to repledge all, or a portion, of the transferred collateral, and we may

repledge such collateral periodically, although it is not typically our practice to repledge collateral that has been

transferred to us.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-10

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Investments in Securities

We classify and account for our investments in securities as either trading or available-for-sale (“AFS”).

Both trading and AFS securities are measured at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets and the related purchase

discounts or premiums are amortized into interest income on a level-yield basis over the contractual term of the security.

When securities are sold, we recognize realized gains (losses) on AFS securities using the specific identification

method.

Gains (losses) are classified in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as follows.

	Classification
	Trading	AFS
Unrealized gains (losses)	Fair value gains (losses), net	Other comprehensive income (loss)
Realized gains (losses)	Fair value gains (losses), net	Investment gains (losses), net

An AFS security is impaired if the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost. The amount of impairment that

represents credit loss is recorded in “Benefit (provision) for credit losses” in our consolidated statements of operations

and comprehensive income.

When we own Fannie Mae MBS issued by unconsolidated trusts, the asset is recorded in “Investments in securities, at

fair value” in our consolidated balance sheets. We determine the fair value of Fannie Mae MBS based on observable

market prices because most Fannie Mae MBS are actively traded. For any subsequent purchase or sale of Fannie Mae

MBS issued by unconsolidated trusts, we continue to account for any outstanding recorded amounts associated with the

guaranty transaction on the same basis of accounting. We do not derecognize any components of the guaranty assets,

guaranty obligations, or any other outstanding recorded amounts associated with the guaranty transaction for the

Fannie Mae MBS because our contractual obligation to the MBS trust remains in force until the trust is liquidated.

Mortgage Loans

Loans Held for Sale

When we acquire mortgage loans that we intend to sell or securitize via trusts that will not be consolidated, we classify

the loans as held for sale (“HFS”). We report the carrying value of HFS loans at the lower of cost or fair value. Any

excess of an HFS loan’s cost over its fair value is recognized as a valuation allowance with the corresponding amount

and subsequent changes in the valuation allowance recognized as “Investment gains (losses), net” in our consolidated

statements of operations and comprehensive income. We recognize interest income on HFS loans on an accrual basis

unless we determine that the ultimate collection of contractual principal or interest payments in full is not reasonably

assured. Purchased premiums and discounts on HFS loans are deferred upon loan acquisition, included in the cost

basis of the loan, and not amortized. We determine any lower of cost or fair value adjustment on HFS loans at an

individual loan level.

In the presentation of our consolidated statements of cash flows, we present cash flows from loans classified as HFS at

acquisition as operating activities. If a loan is initially classified as held for investment (“HFI”) and it is transferred to

HFS, the principal cash flows and sales proceeds from such loans continue to be presented as investing activities in our

consolidated statements of cash flows.

Our accounting for transfers to HFS differs based upon the loan’s classification as either nonperforming or performing.

Nonperforming loans include both seriously delinquent and reperforming loans. For both single-family and multifamily

loans, reperforming loans are loans that were previously delinquent but are performing again because payments on the

loan have become current with or without the use of a loan modification plan. Single-family seriously delinquent loans

are loans that are 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process. Multifamily seriously delinquent loans are

loans that are 60 days or more past due. All other loans are considered performing.

For nonperforming loans transferred from HFI to HFS, based upon a change in our intent, we record the loans at the

lower of cost or fair value on the date of transfer. When the fair value of the nonperforming loan is less than its

amortized cost, we record a write-off against the allowance for loan losses in an amount equal to the excess of the

amortized cost basis over the fair value of the loan. Any difference between the amount written off upon transfer and the

recorded valuation allowance related to the transferred loan is recognized in “Benefit (provision) for credit losses” in our

consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

For performing loans transferred from HFI to HFS, based upon a change in our intent, the allowance for loan losses

previously recorded on the HFI mortgage loan is reversed through “Benefit (provision) for credit losses” at the time of

transfer. The loan is transferred to HFS at its amortized cost basis and a valuation allowance is established to the extent

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

that the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds its fair value. The initial recognition of the valuation allowance and any

subsequent changes are recorded as a gain or loss in “Investment gains (losses), net.”

Upon reclassification from HFS to HFI, we reverse the valuation allowance on the loan, if any, and establish an

allowance for loan losses as needed.

Loans Held for Investment

When we acquire loans that we have the ability and the intent to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity, we

classify the loans as HFI. When we consolidate a securitization trust, we recognize the loans underlying the trust in our

consolidated balance sheets. The trusts do not have the ability to sell loans and the use of such loans is limited

exclusively to the settlement of obligations of the trusts. Therefore, loans acquired when we have the intent to securitize

via consolidated trusts are generally classified as HFI in our consolidated balance sheets both prior to and subsequent

to their securitization.

In the presentation of our consolidated statements of cash flows, we present principal cash flows from loans classified

as HFI as investing activities and interest cash flows as operating activities.

We report the carrying value of HFI loans at the unpaid principal balance (“UPB”), net of unamortized premiums and

discounts, other cost basis adjustments, and allowance for loan losses. We define the amortized cost of HFI loans as

UPB and accrued interest receivable, net, including any unamortized premiums, discounts, and other cost basis

adjustments. We present accrued interest receivable separately from the amortized cost of our HFI loans in our

consolidated balance sheets. We recognize interest income on HFI loans on an accrual basis using the effective yield

method over the contractual life of the loan, including the amortization of any deferred cost basis adjustments, such as

the premium or discount at acquisition, unless we determine that the ultimate collection of contractual principal or

interest payments in full is not reasonably assured.

Nonaccrual Loans

We recognize interest income on an accrual basis except when we believe the collection of principal and interest in full

is not reasonably assured. This generally occurs when a single-family loan is three or more months past due and a

multifamily loan is two or more months past due according to its contractual terms. A loan is reported as past due if a full

payment of principal and interest is not received within one month of its due date. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual

status based on delinquency status, interest previously accrued but not collected on the loan is reversed through

interest income.

Cost basis adjustments on HFI loans are amortized into interest income over the contractual life of the loan using the

effective interest method. Cost basis adjustments on the loan are not amortized into income while a loan is on

nonaccrual status. We have elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable

balances as we have a nonaccrual policy to ensure the timely reversal of unpaid accrued interest.

For single-family loans, we recognize any contractual interest payments received on the loan while on nonaccrual status

as interest income on a cash basis. For multifamily loans, we account for interest income on a cost recovery basis and

we apply any payment received while on nonaccrual status to reduce the amortized cost of the loan. Thus, we do not

recognize any interest income on a multifamily loan placed on nonaccrual status until the amortized cost of the loan has

been reduced to zero.

A nonaccrual loan is returned to accrual status when the full collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured.

We generally determine that the full collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured when the loan returns to

current payment status. If a loan is restructured for a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, we require a performance

period of up to 6 months before we return the loan to accrual status. Upon a loan’s return to accrual status, we resume

the recognition of interest income on an accrual basis and the amortization of cost basis adjustments, if any, into interest

income. If interest is capitalized pursuant to a restructuring, any capitalized interest that had not been previously

recognized as interest income or that had been reversed through interest income when the loan was placed on

nonaccrual status is recorded as a discount to the loan and amortized into interest income over the remaining

contractual life of the loan.

Allowance for Loan Losses

Our allowance for loan losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of HFI loans to

present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. The allowance for loan losses reflects an estimate of

expected credit losses on single-family and multifamily HFI loans held by Fannie Mae and by consolidated MBS trusts.

Estimates of credit losses are based on expected cash flows derived from internal models that estimate loan

performance under simulated ranges of economic environments. Our modeled loan performance is based on our

historical experience of loans with similar risk characteristics, adjusted to reflect current conditions and reasonable and

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-12

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supportable forecasts. Our historical loss experience and our credit loss estimates capture the possibility of remote

events that could result in credit losses on loans that are considered low risk. The allowance for loan losses does not

consider benefits from freestanding credit enhancements, such as our Connecticut Avenue Securities® (“CAS”) and

Credit Insurance Risk Transfer™ (“CIRT™”) programs and multifamily Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS®”)

lender risk-sharing arrangements, which are recorded in “Other assets” in our consolidated balance sheets.

Changes to our estimate of expected credit losses, including changes due to the passage of time, are recorded through

the “Benefit (provision) for credit losses” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

When calculating our allowance for loan losses, we consider only our amortized cost in the loans at the balance sheet

date. We record write-offs as a reduction to the allowance for loan losses when amounts are deemed uncollectible.

When losses are confirmed through the receipt of assets in satisfaction of a loan, such as the underlying collateral upon

foreclosure or cash upon completion of a short sale, we record a write-off in an amount equal to the excess of a loan’s

amortized cost over fair value of assets received. We include expected recoveries of amounts previously written off and

expected to be written off in determining our allowance for loan losses.

We present foreclosed property in “Other assets” in our consolidated balance sheets. We held $1.7 billion and $1.8

billion of acquired property, net as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Single-Family Loans

We estimate the amount expected to be collected on our single-family loans using a discounted cash flow approach.

Our allowance for loan losses is calculated as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the

present value of expected cash flows on the loan. Expected cash flows include payments from the borrower, net of fees

retained by a third-party for servicing, contractually attached credit enhancements and proceeds from the sale of the

underlying collateral, net of selling costs.

When foreclosure of a single-family loan is probable, the allowance for loan losses is calculated as the difference

between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the fair value of the collateral as of the reporting date, adjusted for the

estimated costs to sell the property and the amount of expected recoveries from contractually attached credit

enhancements or other proceeds we expect to receive.

Expected cash flows are developed using internal models that capture market and loan characteristic inputs. Market

inputs include information such as actual and forecasted home prices, interest rates, volatility and spreads, while loan

characteristic inputs include information such as mark-to-market loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios, delinquency status,

geography and borrower FICO credit scores. The model assigns a probability to borrower events including contractual

payment, loan payoff and default under various economic environments based on historical data, current conditions and

reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The two primary drivers of our forecasted economic environments are interest rates and home prices. Our model

projects the range of possible interest rate scenarios over the life of the loan based on actual interest rates and

observed option pricing volatility in the capital markets. For single-family home prices, we develop regional forecasts

based on Metropolitan Statistical Area data using a multi-path simulation that captures home price projections over a

five-year period, the period for which we can develop reasonable and supportable forecasts. After the five-year period,

the home price forecast reverts to a historical long-term growth rate.

Expected cash flows on the loan are discounted at the effective interest rate on the loan, adjusted for expected

prepayments. We update the discount rate of the loan each reporting period to reflect changes in expected

prepayments.

Multifamily Loans

Our allowance for loan losses on multifamily loans is calculated based on estimated probabilities of default and loss

severities to derive expected loss ratios, which are then applied to the amortized cost basis of the loans. Our

probabilities of default and severity are estimated using internal models based on historical loss experience of loans

with similar risk characteristics that affect credit performance, such as debt service coverage ratio (“DSCR”), mark-to-

market LTV ratio, collateral type, age, loan size, geography, prepayment penalty term and note type. Our models

simulate a range of possible future economic scenarios, which are used to estimate probabilities of default and loss

severities. Key inputs to our models include net operating income and property values. These inputs are both projected

based on Metropolitan Statistical Area data over the expected life of each loan.

When foreclosure of a multifamily loan is probable, the allowance for loan losses is calculated as the difference between

the amortized cost basis of the loan and the fair value of the collateral as of the reporting date, adjusted for the

estimated costs to sell the property.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-13

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Restructured Loans

We may modify loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as part of our loss mitigation activities and consider

the effects of both actual and estimated restructurings in our estimate of expected credit losses. Loan restructurings are

evaluated to determine whether they result in a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. Loan restructurings are

generally accounted for as a continuation of the existing loan when borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty as the

terms of the restructured loans are typically not at market rates. Further, the allowance for loan losses does not

measure the economic concession that is provided to the borrower because, when a discount rate is used to measure

impairment, it is based on the loan’s restructured terms. 

For most restructurings that occurred prior to January 1, 2022, we continue to apply the troubled debt restructuring

(“TDR”) accounting model. Under the TDR accounting model, we use the discount rate in effect prior to the restructuring

to measure impairment on each loan, which results in the recognition of the economic concession granted to borrowers

as part of the restructuring in the allowance for loan losses. As a result, the economic concession related to these loans

will continue to be measured in our allowance for loan losses and may increase or decrease as we update our cash flow

assumptions related to the loan’s expected life. Further, the component of the allowance for loan losses representing

economic concessions will decrease as the borrower makes payments in accordance with the restructured terms of the

loan and as the loan is sold, liquidated, or subsequently restructured.

Advances to Lenders

Advances to lenders represent our payments of cash in exchange for the receipt of loans from lenders in a transfer that

is accounted for as a secured lending arrangement. These transfers primarily occur when we provide early funding to

lenders for loans that they will subsequently either sell to us or securitize into a Fannie Mae MBS that they will deliver to

us. We individually negotiate early lender funding advances with our lenders. Early lender funding advances have terms

up to 60 days and earn a short-term market rate of interest.

We report cash outflows from advances to lenders as an investing activity in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

Settlements of the advances to lenders, other than through lender repurchases of loans, are not collected in cash, but

rather in the receipt of either loans or Fannie Mae MBS. Accordingly, this activity is reflected as non-cash supplemental

information, which is disclosed in the “Non-Cash Activities Related to Mortgage Loans” table of “Note 4, Mortgage

Loans” in the line item entitled “Mortgage loans received by consolidated trusts to satisfy advances to lenders.”

Income Taxes

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences in the book and tax bases of assets and

liabilities. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that are applicable to the periods that

the differences are expected to reverse. We adjust deferred tax assets and liabilities for the effects of changes in tax

laws and rates in the period of enactment. We recognize investment and other tax credits through our effective tax rate

calculation assuming that we will be able to realize the full benefit of the credits.

We invest in Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (“LIHTC”) projects pursuant to Section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code,

which generate both tax credits and net operating losses. We elect the proportional amortization method and amortize

the cost of a LIHTC investment each reporting period in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits received. We

recognize the resulting amortization as a component of the “Provision for federal income taxes” in our consolidated

statements of operations and comprehensive income.

We present deferred taxes net in our consolidated balance sheets. We reduce our deferred tax assets by an allowance

if, based on the weight of available positive and negative evidence, it is more likely than not (a probability of greater than

50%) that we will not realize some portion, or all, of the deferred tax asset.

We account for uncertain tax positions using a two-step approach whereby we recognize an income tax benefit if, based

on the technical merits of a tax position, it is more likely than not that the tax position would be sustained upon

examination by the taxing authority, which includes all related appeals and litigation. We then measure the recognized

tax benefit based on the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement with

the taxing authority, considering all information available at the reporting date. Our tax years 2021 through 2023 remain

open to examination by the IRS.

Derivative Instruments

We recognize derivatives in a gain position in “Other assets” and derivatives in a loss position in “Other liabilities” in our

consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a trade date basis. Changes in fair value and interest accruals on

derivatives not in qualifying fair value hedging relationships are recorded as “Fair value gains (losses), net” in our

consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. We offset the carrying amounts of certain

derivatives that are in gain positions and loss positions as well as cash collateral receivables and payables associated

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-14

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

with derivative positions pursuant to the terms of enforceable master netting arrangements. We offset these amounts

only when we have the legal right to offset under the contract and we have met all the offsetting conditions. For our

over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative positions, our master netting arrangements allow us to net derivative assets and

liabilities with the same counterparty. For our cleared derivative contracts, our master netting arrangements allow us to

net our exposure by clearing organization and by clearing member.

We present cash flows from derivatives that do not contain financing elements and their related gains and losses as

operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

We evaluate financial instruments that we purchase or issue and other financial and non-financial contracts for

embedded derivatives. To identify embedded derivatives that we must account for separately, we determine whether: (1)

the economic characteristics of the embedded derivative are not clearly and closely related to the economic

characteristics of the financial instrument or other contract (i.e., the host contract); (2) the financial instrument or other

contract itself is not already measured at fair value with changes in fair value included in earnings; and (3) a separate

instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet the definition of a derivative. If the embedded

derivative meets all three of these conditions, we elect to carry the hybrid contract in its entirety at fair value with

changes in fair value recorded in earnings.

Fair Value Hedge Accounting

To reduce earnings volatility related to changes in benchmark interest rates, we apply fair value hedge accounting to

certain pools of single-family loans and certain issuances of our funding debt by designating such instruments as the

hedged item in hedging relationships with interest-rate swaps. In these relationships, we have designated the change in

the benchmark interest rate, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), as the risk being hedged. We have

elected to use the portfolio layer method to hedge certain pools of single-family loans. This election involves

establishing fair value hedging relationships on the portion of each loan pool that is not expected to be affected by

prepayments, defaults and other events that affect the timing and amount of cash flows. The term of each hedging

relationship is generally one business day and we establish hedging relationships each business day to align our hedge

accounting with our risk management practices.

We apply hedge accounting to qualifying hedging relationships. A qualifying hedging relationship exists when changes

in the fair value of a derivative hedging instrument are expected to be highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair

value of the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged during the term of the hedging relationship. We assess

hedge effectiveness using statistical regression analysis. A hedging relationship is considered highly effective if the total

change in fair value of the hedging instrument and the change in the fair value of the hedged item due to changes in the

benchmark interest rate offset each other within a range of 80% to 125% and certain other statistical tests are met.

If a hedging relationship qualifies for hedge accounting, the change in the fair value of the interest-rate swap and the

change in the fair value of the hedged item for the risk being hedged are recorded through net interest income. A

corresponding basis adjustment is recorded against the hedged item, either the pool of loans or the debt, for the

changes in the fair value attributable to the risk being hedged. For hedging relationships that hedge pools of single-

family loans, basis adjustments are allocated to individual single-family loans based on the relative UPB of each loan at

the termination of the hedging relationship. The cumulative basis adjustments on the hedged item are amortized into

earnings using the effective interest method over the contractual life of the hedged item, with amortization beginning

upon termination of the hedging relationship.

All changes in fair value of the designated portion of the derivative hedging instrument (i.e., interest-rate swap),

including interest accruals, are recorded in the same line item in the consolidated statements of operations and

comprehensive income used to record the earnings effect of the hedged item. Therefore, changes in the fair value of the

hedged loans and debt attributable to the risk being hedged are recognized in “Interest income” or “Interest expense,”

respectively, along with the changes in the fair value of the respective derivative hedging instruments.

The recognition of basis adjustments on the hedged item and the subsequent amortization are noncash activities and

are removed from net income to derive the “Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities” in our consolidated

statements of cash flows. Cash paid or received on designated derivative instruments during a hedging relationship is

reported as “Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities” in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Commitments to Purchase and Sell Loans and Securities

We enter into commitments to purchase and sell mortgage-backed securities and to purchase single-family and

multifamily loans. Certain of these commitments to purchase or sell mortgage-backed securities and to purchase single-

family loans are accounted for as derivatives, while other commitments are not within the scope of the derivative

accounting criteria or do not meet the definition of a derivative.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Our commitments for the purchase and sale of regular way securities trades are exempt from derivative accounting and

are recorded on their trade date.

When derivative purchase commitments settle, we include the fair value on the settlement date in the cost basis of the

loan or unconsolidated security we purchase. When derivative commitments to sell securities settle, we include the fair

value of the commitment on the settlement date in the cost basis of the security we sell. Purchases and sales of

securities issued by our consolidated single-class securitization trusts and certain resecuritization trusts where the

security that has been issued by the trust is substantially the same as the underlying collateral are treated as

extinguishments or issuances of the underlying MBS debt, respectively. For commitments to purchase and sell

securities issued by these trusts, we recognize the fair value of the commitment on the settlement date as a component

of debt extinguishment gains and losses or in the cost basis of the debt issued, respectively.

Collateral

We enter into various transactions where we pledge and accept collateral, the most common of which are our derivative

transactions. Required collateral levels vary depending on the credit rating and type of counterparty. We also pledge

and receive collateral under our repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements. In order to reduce potential exposure

to counterparties for securities purchased under agreements to resell, a third-party custodian typically maintains the

collateral and any margin. We monitor the fair value of the collateral received from our counterparties, and we may

require additional collateral from those counterparties, as we deem appropriate.

Cash Collateral

We record cash collateral accepted from a counterparty that we have the right to use as “Cash and cash equivalents”

and cash collateral accepted from a counterparty that we do not have the right to use as “Restricted cash and cash

equivalents” in our consolidated balance sheets. We net our obligation to return cash collateral pledged to us against

the fair value of derivatives in a gain position recorded in “Other assets” in our consolidated balance sheets when the

offsetting requirements have been met as part of our counterparty netting calculation.

For derivative positions with the same counterparty under master netting arrangements where we pledge cash

collateral, we remove it from “Cash and cash equivalents” and net the right to receive it against the fair value of

derivatives in a loss position recorded in “Other liabilities” in our consolidated balance sheets as a part of our

counterparty netting calculation.

Non-Cash Collateral

We classify securities pledged to counterparties as “Investments in securities, at fair value” or “Cash and cash

equivalents” in our consolidated balance sheets. Securities that we own that are pledged to counterparties may include

securities issued by consolidated VIEs. The pledged collateral is classified as “Mortgage loans” when the trust that

issued the security has been consolidated to align with the classification of the underlying asset.

Debt

Our consolidated balance sheets contain debt of Fannie Mae as well as debt of consolidated trusts. We report debt

issued by us as “Debt of Fannie Mae” and by consolidated trusts as “Debt of consolidated trusts.” Debt issued by us

represents debt that we issue to third parties to fund our general business activities and certain credit risk-sharing

securities. The debt of consolidated trusts represents the amount of Fannie Mae MBS issued from such trusts that is

held by third-party certificateholders and prepayable without penalty at any time. We report deferred items, including

premiums, discounts and other cost basis adjustments, as adjustments to the related debt balances in our consolidated

balance sheets. Our liability to third-party holders of Fannie Mae MBS that arises as the result of a consolidation of a

securitization trust is collateralized by the underlying loans and/or mortgage-related securities.

We classify interest expense as either short-term or long-term based on the contractual maturity of the related debt. We

recognize the amortization of premiums, discounts and other cost basis adjustments through interest expense using the

effective interest method over the contractual term of the debt. Amortization of premiums, discounts and other cost basis

adjustments begins at the time of debt issuance.

We purchase and sell guaranteed MBS that have been issued through lender swap and portfolio securitization

transactions. When we purchase or sell a Fannie Mae MBS issued from a consolidated single-class securitization trust

and certain resecuritization trusts where the security that has been issued by the trust is substantially the same as the

underlying collateral, we extinguish or issue, respectively, the related debt of the consolidated trust to reflect the debt

that is owed to a third-party. For the extinguishment of debt, we record debt extinguishment gains or losses related to

debt of consolidated trusts for any difference between the purchase price of the MBS and the carrying value of the

related consolidated MBS debt reported in our consolidated balance sheets (including unamortized premiums, discounts

and other cost basis adjustments) at the time of purchase as a component of “Other expenses, net” in our consolidated

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-16

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

statements of operations and comprehensive income. When we issue consolidated debt, the debt is recorded at its fair

value with any premiums or discounts amortized over the securities’ contractual life.

New Accounting Guidance

Segment Reporting

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)

2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The ASU enhances

disclosure of an entity’s reportable segments by requiring additional information about significant segment expenses,

interim disclosures of certain segment information that previously were only required on an annual basis and other

detailed segment-related disclosures. The ASU was adopted retrospectively for the annual period ended December 31,

2024. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax

Disclosures, which enhances the required disclosures primarily related to the income tax rate reconciliation and income

taxes paid. The ASU requires an entity’s income tax rate reconciliation to provide additional information for reconciling

items meeting a quantitative threshold, and to disclose certain selected categories within the income tax rate

reconciliation. The ASU also requires entities to disclose the amount of income taxes paid, disaggregated by federal,

state and foreign taxes. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, though early

adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our financial

statements.

Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense

Disaggregation Disclosures. The guidance enhances the disclosures about an entity’s expenses by requiring more

detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. This guidance is effective

for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. We are

currently evaluating the impact that the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.

2.  Conservatorship, Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and

Related Matters

Conservatorship

In September 2008, FHFA was appointed as our conservator pursuant to authority provided by the Federal Housing

Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as amended (the “GSE Act”). Conservatorship is a statutory

process designed to preserve and conserve our assets and property and put the company in a sound and solvent

condition. Our conservatorship has no specified termination date.

FHFA, as conservator, succeeded to:

•all rights, titles, powers and privileges of Fannie Mae, and of any stockholder, officer or director of Fannie Mae

with respect to Fannie Mae and its assets; and

•title to the books, records and assets of any other legal custodian of Fannie Mae.

As conservator, FHFA has broad authority over our business and operations, including the authority to:

•direct us to enter into contracts or enter into contracts on our behalf; and

•transfer or sell our assets or liabilities.

The GSE Act provides special protections for mortgage loans and mortgage-related assets we hold in trust. Specifically,

mortgage loans and mortgage-related assets that have been transferred to a Fannie Mae MBS trust must be held by the

conservator for the beneficial owners of such MBS and cannot be used to satisfy the company’s general creditors.

While we are operating in conservatorship, our directors:

•serve on behalf of the conservator;

•exercise their authority as directed by and with the approval (where required) of the conservator;

•owe their fiduciary duties of care and loyalty solely to the conservator, and not to either the company or the

stockholders; and

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-17

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Conservatorship, Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and

Related Matters

•are elected by the conservator, not by our stockholders.

FHFA, as conservator, has issued an order authorizing our Board of Directors to exercise specified functions and

authorities, and instructions regarding matters for which conservator decision or notification is required. The conservator

retains the authority to amend or withdraw its order and instructions at any time.

The conservator has suspended stockholder meetings since conservatorship, and our common stockholders are not

empowered to vote on directors or any other matters. The conservator also eliminated dividends on our common and

preferred stock (other than dividends on the senior preferred stock issued to the U.S. Department of Treasury described

below) during the conservatorship.

Receivership

Under the GSE Act, the FHFA Director must place us into receivership if they determine that our assets are less than

our obligations (that is, we have a net worth deficit) or if we have not been paying our debts as they become due, in

either case, for a period of 60 days. FHFA has clarified that the 60-day measurement period will commence no earlier

than the SEC filing deadline for our Form 10-K or Form 10-Q for the relevant period. In addition, the FHFA Director may,

with the prior consent of Treasury, place us into receivership at the Director’s discretion at any time for other reasons set

forth in the GSE Act, including if we are critically undercapitalized or if we are undercapitalized and have no reasonable

prospect of becoming adequately capitalized. Should we be placed into receivership, different assumptions would be

required to determine the carrying value of our assets, which would likely lead to substantially different financial results.

We are not aware of any plans of FHFA: (1) to fundamentally change our business model, or (2) to reduce the

aggregate amount available under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement or held by the company under our

equity structure.

Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement

Overview

FHFA, as conservator, entered into a senior preferred stock purchase agreement with the U.S. Department of the

Treasury (“Treasury”) on our behalf in September 2008. In connection with that agreement, we issued Treasury one

million shares of Variable Liquidation Preference Senior Preferred Stock, Series 2008-2, which we refer to as the “senior

preferred stock,” and a warrant to purchase shares equal to 79.9% of our common stock, on a fully diluted basis, for a

nominal price of $0.00001. We have assigned a value of $4.5 billion to Treasury’s commitment, which was recorded as

a reduction to additional paid-in-capital at the time of the issuance and was partially offset by the aggregate fair value of

the warrant of $3.5 billion. We received no cash consideration for issuing either the senior preferred stock or the

warrant.

The senior preferred stock purchase agreement and the terms of the senior preferred stock have been amended

multiple times since 2008 by FHFA (acting on our behalf) and Treasury. On January 2, 2025, modifications were made

to certain provisions of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, senior preferred stock and warrant, including the

following:

•Removed the restrictive covenants in the senior preferred stock purchase agreement that had previously been

suspended by a September 2021 letter agreement.

•Amended provisions of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement that permitted FHFA to terminate our

conservatorship in certain limited circumstances without Treasury’s prior consent. As modified, the senior

preferred stock purchase agreement now requires Treasury’s prior written consent for the termination of our

conservatorship in all cases, except if receivership is required under the GSE Act.

•Amended the requirement in the senior preferred stock purchase agreement that we comply with the terms of

the enterprise regulatory capital framework as published in the Federal Register on December 17, 2020,

disregarding any subsequent amendment or other modifications to that rule, to now require that we comply with

the terms of the enterprise regulatory capital framework as amended from time to time.

•Additional miscellaneous changes, including modifying the notice provisions of the senior preferred stock

purchase agreement, senior preferred stock and warrant.

The amendment to the senior preferred stock qualifies as a modification rather than an extinguishment and issuance of

a new equity instrument. As a result, this amendment will not trigger a change in the carrying value of the senior

preferred stock during the first quarter of 2025. 

The senior preferred stock purchase agreement and accompanying stock certificate include key provisions that impact

us, including those described in the table below. For a discussion of the terms of the senior preferred stock related to

dividends, liquidation preference, and limits on redemptions and paydowns, see “Note 12, Equity.”

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-18

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Conservatorship, Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and

Related Matters

Treasury Funding Commitment	•On a quarterly basis, we may draw funds from Treasury to cover the amount that our total liabilities exceed our total assets for the applicable fiscal quarter (referred to as the “deficiency amount”), up to the amount of remaining funding commitment under the agreement. •As of the date of this filing: ◦$119.8 billion has been paid to us by Treasury under this funding commitment; and ◦$113.9 billion of funding commitment from Treasury remains; this amount would be reduced by any future payments by Treasury under the commitment.
Termination Provisions for Funding Commitment	•Treasury’s funding commitment has no specified end date, but will terminate upon: ◦our liquidation and the fulfillment of Treasury’s obligations under its funding commitment; ◦the payment in full of, or reasonable provision for, our liabilities (whether or not contingent, including guaranty obligations); or ◦Treasury funding the maximum amount under the agreement. •Treasury also may terminate its funding commitment and void the agreement if a court vacates, modifies, amends, conditions, enjoins, stays or otherwise affects the appointment of the conservator or curtails the conservator’s powers.
Rights of Debt and MBS Holders	•Holders of our debt securities or our guaranteed MBS may file a claim in the United States Court of Federal Claims for relief if we default on our payment obligations on those securities and: ◦we and the conservator fail to exercise all rights under the agreement to draw on Treasury’s funding commitment, or ◦Treasury fails to perform its obligations under its funding commitment and we and/or the conservator are not diligently pursuing remedies for Treasury’s failure. •Holders may seek to require Treasury to fund us up to: ◦the amount necessary to cure the relevant payment defaults; ◦the deficiency amount; or ◦the amount of remaining funding under the agreement, whichever is the least. Any Treasury funding provided under these circumstances would increase the liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock. •The terms of the agreement generally may be amended or waived; however, no such amendment or waiver may decrease Treasury’s aggregate funding commitment or add conditions to Treasury’s funding commitment that would adversely affect in any material respect the holders of our debt or guaranteed MBS.
Commitment Fee	•The agreement provides for the payment of an unspecified quarterly commitment fee to Treasury to compensate it for its ongoing support under the agreement. •Until the capital reserve end date, the periodic commitment fee will not be set, accrue, or be payable. The capital reserve end date is defined as the last day of the second consecutive fiscal quarter during which we have had and maintained capital equal to or exceeding the capital requirements and buffers set forth in the enterprise regulatory capital framework. •No later than the capital reserve end date, we and Treasury, in consultation with the Chair of the Federal Reserve, will agree on the amount of the periodic commitment fee.

Covenants

The senior preferred stock purchase agreement contains covenants that prohibit us (and, in one instance, FHFA) from

taking several actions without the prior written consent of Treasury or require us to take specified actions, including the

following described in the table below:

Dividends and Share Repurchases •We may not pay dividends or make other distributions on or repurchase our equity securities (other than the senior preferred stock).

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-19

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Conservatorship, Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and

Related Matters

Issuances of Equity Securities	•We may not issue equity securities, except for common stock issued: ◦upon exercise of the warrant; ◦as required by any pre-conservatorship agreements; and ◦following the satisfaction of two conditions: (a) the exercise of the warrant in full, and (b) the resolution of all currently pending significant litigation relating to the conservatorship and the August 2012 amendment to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement.
Termination of Conservatorship	•Neither we nor FHFA may terminate or seek to terminate the conservatorship without the prior consent of Treasury, other than through a mandatory receivership.
Asset Dispositions	•We may not sell, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of any assets, except for dispositions for fair market value in limited circumstances, including if: ◦the transaction is in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice; or ◦the assets have a fair market value individually or in the aggregate of less than $250 million.
Subordinated Debt	•We may not issue any subordinated debt securities.
Mortgage Assets Limit	•We may not hold mortgage assets in excess of $225 billion; however, we are currently managing our business to a $202.5 billion mortgage asset cap according to FHFA instructions.
Indebtedness Limit	•We may not have indebtedness in excess of $270 billion.
Executive Compensation	•We may not enter into any new compensation arrangements or increase amounts or benefits payable under existing compensation arrangements with any of our executive officers (as defined by Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules) without the consent of the FHFA Director, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury.
Equitable Access and Offers for Single-Family Mortgage Loans	•We may not vary our pricing or acquisition terms for single-family loans based on the business characteristics of the seller, including the seller’s size, charter type, or volume of business with us. •We must offer to purchase at all times, for equivalent cash consideration and on substantially the same terms, any single-family mortgage loan that: ◦is of a class of loans that we then offer to acquire for inclusion in our MBS or for other non- cash consideration; ◦is offered by a seller that has been approved to do business with us; and ◦has been originated and sold in compliance with our underwriting standards.
Single-Family Loan Eligibility Program	•We must maintain a program reasonably designed to ensure that the single-family loans we acquire are limited to: ◦qualified mortgages; ◦government-backed loans; ◦loans exempt from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s (the “CFPB’s”) ability-to- repay and qualified mortgage rule (other than loans secured by timeshares and home equity lines of credit, which, we are not allowed to buy); ◦loans secured by an investment property; ◦refinancing loans with streamlined underwriting originated in accordance with our eligibility criteria for high LTV ratio refinancings; ◦loans originated with temporary underwriting flexibilities during times of exigent circumstances, as determined in consultation with FHFA; ◦loans secured by manufactured housing; and ◦such other loans that FHFA may designate that were eligible for purchase by us as of January 2021.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-20

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Conservatorship, Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and

Related Matters

Enterprise Regulatory Capital Framework	•We are required to comply with the enterprise regulatory capital framework rule as amended from time to time.
Risk Management Plan	•While in conservatorship, we must provide an annual risk management plan to Treasury.

Senior Preferred Stock and Common Stock Warrant

For information about the senior preferred stock and the common stock warrant, see “Note 12, Equity.”

Impact of U.S. Government Support

We have been operating under the control of FHFA as conservator since 2008, which is a form of government support.

We continue to rely on financial support from Treasury pursuant to our senior preferred stock purchase agreement to

eliminate any net worth deficits we may experience in the future, which would otherwise trigger our being placed into

receivership by FHFA. Treasury also has authority under the Charter Act to purchase up to $2.25 billion of the debt

obligations that we issue. We believe that continued support from Treasury and our status as a government-sponsored

enterprise are essential to maintaining our access to debt funding and maintaining the liquidity necessary to conduct our

normal business activities. Therefore, changes or perceived changes in (i) our status as a government-sponsored

enterprise, (ii) our support from Treasury and/or (iii) the creditworthiness of the U.S. government could have a material

adverse impact on our access to debt funding or the cost of debt funding. These events would have a negative impact

on our liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. Our reliance on support from the U.S. government is

critical to keeping us operating as a going concern.

Related Parties

Because Treasury holds a warrant to purchase shares of Fannie Mae common stock equal to 79.9% of the total number

of shares of Fannie Mae common stock, we and Treasury are deemed related parties. As of December 31, 2024,

Treasury held an investment in our senior preferred stock with an aggregate liquidation preference of $212.0 billion.

On January 2, 2025, certain provisions of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, senior preferred stock and

warrant were modified by FHFA (acting on our behalf) and Treasury, as described above in the “Senior Preferred Stock

Purchase Agreement” section.

FHFA’s control of both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac has caused Fannie Mae, FHFA and Freddie Mac to be deemed

related parties. Additionally, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac jointly own Common Securitization Solutions, LLC (“CSS”), a

limited liability company created to operate a common securitization platform; as a result, CSS is deemed a related

party.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-21

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Conservatorship, Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and

Related Matters

Recurring transactions with our related parties are described below:

Related Party	Transaction	Description
Treasury	Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011 (“TCCA”)	Under the TCCA, we have an obligation to collect 10 basis points in guaranty fees on single-family mortgages delivered to us and pay the associated revenue to Treasury. The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act was enacted in November 2021 and extended our obligation under the TCCA to October 1, 2032. In January 2022, FHFA advised us to continue to collect and pay these TCCA fees on and after October 1, 2032 with respect to loans we acquired before this date until those loans are paid off or otherwise liquidated.
	Capital Magnet Fund	The GSE Act requires us to set aside funding obligations for Treasury’s Capital Magnet Fund. These funding obligations are measured as the product of 4.2 basis points and the UPB of our total new business purchases for the respective period, with 35% of this amount payable to Treasury’s Capital Magnet Fund.
FHFA	Annual Assessments under the GSE Act	The GSE Act authorizes FHFA to establish an annual assessment for regulated entities, including Fannie Mae, for FHFA’s costs and expenses, as well as to maintain FHFA’s working capital.
Treasury & Freddie Mac	Making Home Affordable Program	We served as program administrator for Treasury’s Home Affordable Modification Program (“HAMP”) and other initiatives under Treasury’s Making Home Affordable Program. Our role as program administrator concluded in the third quarter of 2023. We received reimbursements from Treasury and Freddie Mac for expenses incurred in this role and our final reimbursement was received in the fourth quarter of 2023.
CSS & Freddie Mac	Equity Investment in CSS	Our investment in CSS is accounted for using the equity method. As a part of our joint ownership, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and CSS are parties to several agreements which set forth the overall framework for the joint venture and the terms under which CSS provides mortgage securitization services to us and Freddie Mac. CSS operates as a separate company from us and Freddie Mac, with all funding and limited administrative support services and other resources provided to it by us and Freddie Mac.

The following table provides the income statement impact of our related party transactions for the periods presented in

addition to the associated liability at period end. The associated liability represents amounts accrued with respect to the

related party transactions that have not yet been paid to the applicable related parties. In addition to the impact

described in the table below, our equity investment in CSS is classified as “Other assets” in our consolidated balance

sheets. We contributed $68 million and $72 million to CSS for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023,

respectively.

Related Party	Activity	Income Statement Classification	For the Year Ended December 31,			Other Liabilities as of December 31,
			2024	2023	2022	2024	2023
			(Dollars in millions)
Treasury	TCCA fees	Legislative assessments	$3,442	$3,431	$3,369	$861	$861
Treasury	Treasury’s Capital Magnet Fund	Legislative assessments	56	54	101	56	54
FHFA	FHFA assessments	Legislative assessments	164	159	132	—	—
Treasury & Freddie Mac	Making Home Affordable Program reimbursements	Other expenses, net	—	6	15	—	—
CSS & Freddie Mac	Net operating losses associated with our investment in CSS	Other expenses, net	68	72	65	—	—

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-22

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Conservatorship, Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and

Related Matters

In the ordinary course of business, Fannie Mae may purchase and sell securities issued by Treasury and Freddie Mac

in the capital markets. Some of the structured securities we issue are backed in whole or in part by Freddie Mac

securities. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac each have agreed to indemnify the other party for losses caused by: its failure

to meet its payment or other specified obligations under the trust agreements pursuant to which the underlying

resecuritized securities were issued; its failure to meet its obligations under the customer services agreement; its

violations of laws; or with respect to material misstatements or omissions in offering documents, ongoing disclosures

and materials relating to the underlying resecuritized securities. Additionally, we make regular income tax payments to

and receive tax refunds from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), a bureau of Treasury.

3.  Consolidations and Transfers of Financial Assets

We have interests in various entities that are considered to be VIEs. The primary types of entities are:

•securitization trusts;

•resecuritization trusts;

•housing partnerships that are established to finance the acquisition, construction, development or rehabilitation

of affordable multifamily housing; and

•certain credit risk transfer special purpose entities.

These interests may include guarantees to the VIE on behalf of the holders of the securities issued by the VIE and/or

investments in the securities issued by VIEs, such as Fannie Mae MBS created pursuant to our securitization

transactions. We consolidate the substantial majority of our single-class securitization trusts because our role as

guarantor and master servicer provides us with the power to direct activities (primarily the servicing of mortgage loans)

that impact the credit risk to which we are exposed. In contrast, we do not consolidate single-class securitization trusts

when other organizations have the power to direct these activities unless we have the unilateral ability to dissolve the

trust. We also do not consolidate our resecuritization trusts unless we have the unilateral ability to dissolve the trust. We

may include securities issued by Freddie Mac in some of our resecuritization trusts. The mortgage loans that serve as

collateral for Freddie Mac-issued securities are not held in trusts that are consolidated by Fannie Mae.

Types of VIEs

Securitization Trusts

We create single-class securitization trusts to issue single-class Fannie Mae MBS that evidence an undivided interest in

the mortgage loans held in the trust. Investors in Fannie Mae MBS receive principal and interest payments in proportion

to their percentage ownership of the Fannie Mae MBS issued. We guarantee to each single-class securitization trust

that we will supplement amounts received by the securitization trust as required to permit timely payments of principal

and interest on the related Fannie Mae MBS. This guaranty exposes us to credit losses on the loans underlying Fannie

Mae MBS.

Single-class securitization trusts are used for lender swap and portfolio securitization transactions. We consolidate

single-class securitization trusts that are created under these programs when our role as master servicer provides us

with the power to direct activities, such as the servicing of the mortgage loans, that impact the credit risk to which we

are exposed. In contrast, we do not consolidate single-class securitization trusts when other organizations have the

power to direct these activities (for example, when the mortgage loan collateral is subject to a Federal Housing

Administration guaranty and related Servicing Guide).

Resecuritization Trusts

Fannie Mae single-class resecuritization trusts, which include Fannie Megas® and Supers®, are created by depositing

MBS into a new securitization trust for the purpose of aggregating multiple mortgage-related securities (generally

Fannie Mae MBS, Freddie Mac MBS or combinations of both) into one combined security. Fannie Mae multi-class

resecuritization trusts are trusts we create to issue multi-class Fannie Mae structured securities, including real-estate

mortgage investment conduits (“REMIC”) and stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”), in which the cash flows of

the underlying mortgage assets are divided, creating several classes of securities, each of which represents a beneficial

ownership interest in a separate portion of the cash flows.

We guaranty to each Fannie Mae resecuritization trust that we will supplement amounts received by the trust as

required to permit timely principal and interest payments on the related Fannie Mae security. As the underlying collateral

may have been previously guaranteed by Fannie Mae, we are only exposed to incremental credit risk when we guaranty

the timely payment of principal and interest on underlying securities that were issued by Freddie Mac and were not

previously guaranteed by us. We may also be exposed to prepayment risk via our ownership of securities issued by

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-23

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Consolidations and Transfers of Financial Assets

these trusts. Additionally, we earn a fee for assisting the lenders and dealers with the design and issuance of these

securities.

We do not have any incremental rights or powers related to resecuritization trusts that would enable us to direct any

activities of the underlying trust. As a result, we have concluded that we are not the primary beneficiary of, and therefore

do not consolidate, our resecuritization trusts unless we have the unilateral right to dissolve the trust. We have this right

when we hold 100% of the beneficial interests issued by the resecuritization trust.

Limited Partnerships

Our LIHTC investments primarily represent limited partnership interests in entities that have been organized by a fund

manager who acts as the general partner. These LIHTC partnerships seek out equity investments in LIHTC operating

partnerships that have been established to identify, develop and operate affordable multifamily housing that is leased to

qualifying residential tenants. Fannie Mae does not consolidate these entities because our limited partnership interest

does not provide us with a controlling financial interest.

Special Purpose Vehicles Associated with Our Credit Risk Transfer Programs

We transfer mortgage credit risk to investors through both Connecticut Avenue Securities (“CAS”) special purpose

vehicles (“SPVs”) and Multifamily Connecticut Avenue Securities (“MCAS”) SPVs. CAS and MCAS SPVs are separate

legal entities that issue notes that are fully collateralized by cash deposited into a collateral account held by the

respective CAS or MCAS SPV and is invested in short-term highly rated investments. To the extent that collateral held

by the CAS or MCAS SPV and the earnings thereon are insufficient relative to the payments due to holders of the CAS

or MCAS notes, we may be required to make payments to the CAS or MCAS SPVs. The CAS and MCAS SPV qualify

as VIEs. We do not have the power to direct significant activities of the CAS or MCAS SPVs while the CAS and MCAS

SPVs are outstanding, and, therefore, we do not consolidate CAS or MCAS SPVs.

Unconsolidated VIEs

We do not consolidate VIEs when we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary. The following table displays the

carrying amount and classification of our assets and liabilities that relate to our involvement with unconsolidated

securitization and resecuritization trusts.

	As of December 31,
	2024		2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Assets and liabilities recorded in our consolidated balance sheets related to unconsolidated mortgage-backed trusts:
Investments in securities, at fair value		$1,182		$4,863
Other assets		33		37
Other liabilities		(38)		(42)
Net carrying amount		$1,177		$4,858

Our maximum exposure to loss generally represents the greater of our carrying amount related to our involvement with

unconsolidated securitization and resecuritization trusts or the unpaid principal balance of the assets covered by our

guaranty. Our involvement in unconsolidated resecuritization trusts may give rise to additional exposure to loss

depending on the type of resecuritization trust. Fannie Mae resecuritization trusts that are backed entirely by Fannie

Mae MBS are not consolidated and do not give rise to any additional exposure to loss as we already consolidate the

underlying collateral. In contrast, Fannie Mae resecuritization trusts that are backed in whole or in part by Freddie Mac

securities may increase our exposure to loss to the extent that we are providing a guaranty for the timely payment and

interest on the underlying Freddie Mac securities that we have not previously guaranteed. Our maximum exposure to

loss for these unconsolidated trusts is measured by the amount of Freddie Mac securities that are held in these

resecuritization trusts.

Our maximum exposure to loss related to unconsolidated securitization and resecuritization trusts, which includes but is

not limited to our exposure to these Freddie Mac securities, was approximately $203 billion and $223 billion as of

December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The total assets of our unconsolidated securitization and resecuritization

trusts were approximately $204 billion and $273 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The maximum exposure to loss for our unconsolidated limited partnerships and similar legal entities, which consist

primarily of LIHTC investments, was $669 million and the related net carrying value was $669 million as of December

31, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the maximum exposure to loss was $530 million and the related net carrying value

was $528 million. The total assets of these limited partnership investments were $6.4 billion and $5.8 billion as of

December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-24

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Consolidations and Transfers of Financial Assets

The maximum exposure to loss related to our involvement with unconsolidated SPVs that transfer credit risk represents

the unpaid principal balance and accrued interest payable of obligations issued by the CAS and MCAS SPVs. The

maximum exposure to loss related to these unconsolidated SPVs was $23.2 billion and $21.4 billion as of December 31,

2024 and 2023, respectively. The total assets related to these unconsolidated SPVs were $23.2 billion and $21.4 billion

as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The unpaid principal balance of our multifamily loan portfolio was $490.4 billion as of December 31, 2024. As our

lending relationship does not provide us with a controlling financial interest in the borrower entity, we do not consolidate

these borrowers regardless of their status as either a VIE or a voting interest entity. We have excluded these entities

from our VIE disclosures. However, the disclosures we have provided in “Note 4, Mortgage Loans,” “Note 5, Allowance

for Loan Losses” and “Note 7, Financial Guarantees” with respect to this population are consistent with the FASB’s

stated objectives for the disclosures related to unconsolidated VIEs.

Transfers of Financial Assets and Portfolio Securitizations

We issue single-class Fannie Mae MBS through portfolio securitization transactions by transferring pools of mortgage

loans or mortgage-related securities to one or more trusts or special purpose entities. For the years ended December

31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the unpaid principal balance of portfolio securitizations was $139.7 billion, $131.6 billion and

$270.5 billion, respectively. We consolidate the substantial majority of our portfolio securitization trusts.

We retain interests from the transfer and sale of mortgage-related securities to unconsolidated single-class portfolio

securitization trusts and unconsolidated single class and multi-class portfolio resecuritization trusts. As of December 31,

2024, the unpaid principal balance of retained interests was $661 million and its related fair value was $1.0 billion. As of

December 31, 2023, the unpaid principal balance of retained interests was $821 million and its related fair value was

$1.3 billion. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the principal, interest and other fees received on

retained interests was $253 million, $282 million and $397 million, respectively.

4.  Mortgage Loans

We own single-family mortgage loans, which are secured by four or fewer residential dwelling units, and multifamily

mortgage loans, which are secured by five or more residential dwelling units. We classify these loans as either HFI or

HFS. Unless otherwise noted, within “Note 4, Mortgage Loans,” we report the amortized cost of HFI loans for which we

have not elected the fair value option at the unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized premiums and discounts,

hedge-related basis adjustments, other cost basis adjustments, and accrued interest receivable. Within our consolidated

balance sheets, we present accrued interest receivable, net separately from the amortized cost of our loans held for

investment. We report the carrying value of HFS loans at the lower of cost or fair value and record valuation changes in

“Investment gains (losses), net” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Within our single-family mortgage loan disclosures below, we display loans by class of financing receivable type.

Financing receivable classes used for disclosure consist of: “20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate,” “15-year or

less, amortizing fixed-rate,” “Adjustable-rate,” and “Other.” The “Other” class primarily consists of reverse mortgage

loans, interest-only loans, negative-amortizing loans and second liens.

The following table displays the carrying value of our mortgage loans and allowance for loan losses.

	As of December 31,
	2024	2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Single-family	$3,619,838	$3,641,385
Multifamily	490,358	461,247
Total unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans	4,110,196	4,102,632
Cost basis and fair value adjustments, net	35,517	41,729
Allowance for loan losses for HFI loans	(7,707)	(8,730)
Total mortgage loans(1)	$4,138,006	$4,135,631

(1)Excludes $10.8 billion and $10.4 billion of accrued interest receivable as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-25

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans

The following table displays information about our purchase of HFI loans, redesignation of loans and the sales of

mortgage loans during the period.

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2022
	(Dollars in millions)
Purchase of HFI loans:
Single-family unpaid principal balance	$325,243	$315,990	$614,836
Multifamily unpaid principal balance	54,661	52,829	69,206
Single-family loans redesignated from HFI to HFS:
Amortized cost	$2,329	$3,334	$7,825
Lower of cost or fair value adjustment at time of redesignation(1)	(270)	(658)	(679)
Allowance reversed at time of redesignation	21	42	373
Single-family loans redesignated from HFS to HFI:
Amortized cost	$77	$372	$2,004
Single-family loans sold:
Unpaid principal balance	$4,488	$2,573	$8,069
Realized gains, net	35	10	126

(1)Consists of the write-off against the allowance at the time of redesignation.

Aging Analysis

The following tables display an aging analysis of the total amortized cost of our HFI mortgage loans by portfolio

segment and class of financing receivable, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option.

	As of December 31, 2024
		30 - 59 Days Delinquent	60 - 89 Days Delinquent	Seriously Delinquent(1)	Total Delinquent	Current	Total	Loans 90 Days or More Delinquent and Accruing Interest	Nonaccrual Loans with No Allowance
	(Dollars in millions)
Single-family:
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate		$34,339	$9,582	$20,004	$63,925	$3,183,403	$3,247,328	$329	$3,790
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate		1,545	352	616	2,513	367,214	369,727	16	208
Adjustable-rate		158	45	92	295	24,723	25,018	3	18
Other(2)		488	143	407	1,038	19,568	20,606	21	184
Total single-family		36,530	10,122	21,119	67,771	3,594,908	3,662,679	369	4,200
Multifamily(3)		491	N/A	2,060	2,551	487,176	489,727	76	1,070
Total		$37,021	$10,122	$23,179	$70,322	$4,082,084	$4,152,406	$445	$5,270

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-26

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans

	As of December 31, 2023
	30 - 59 Days Delinquent	60 - 89 Days Delinquent	Seriously Delinquent(1)	Total Delinquent	Current	Total	Loans 90 Days or More Delinquent and Accruing Interest	Nonaccrual Loans with No Allowance
	(Dollars in millions)
Single-family:
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate	$33,119	$8,093	$18,659	$59,871	$3,148,171	$3,208,042	$1,371	$3,457
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate	1,846	319	650	2,815	425,598	428,413	74	176
Adjustable-rate	184	42	100	326	26,032	26,358	11	21
Other(2)	586	171	562	1,319	23,772	25,091	148	228
Total single-family	35,735	8,625	19,971	64,331	3,623,573	3,687,904	1,604	3,882
Multifamily(3)	449	N/A	1,699	2,148	459,206	461,354	171	594
Total	$36,184	$8,625	$21,670	$66,479	$4,082,779	$4,149,258	$1,775	$4,476

(1)Single-family seriously delinquent loans are loans that are 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process. Multifamily seriously

delinquent loans are loans that are 60 days or more past due.

(2)Reverse mortgage loans included in “Other” are not aged due to their nature and are included in the current column.

(3)Multifamily loans 60-89 days delinquent are included in the seriously delinquent column.

The amortized cost of single-family mortgage loans for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process was $4.7

billion and $4.6 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As a result of our various loss mitigation and

foreclosure prevention efforts, we expect that a portion of the loans in the process of formal foreclosure proceedings will

not ultimately foreclose.

Credit Quality Indicators and Write-offs by Year of Origination

The estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio is a primary factor we consider when estimating our allowance for loan losses

for single-family loans. As LTV ratios increase, the borrower’s equity in the home decreases, which may negatively

affect the borrower’s ability to refinance or to sell the property for an amount at or above the outstanding balance of the

loan.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-27

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans

The following tables display information about the credit quality of our single-family HFI loans, based on total amortized

cost as well as current year write-offs of our single-family HFI mortgage loans by class of financing receivable and year

of origination, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option.

	Credit Quality Indicators as of December 31, 2024 and Write-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024, by Year of Origination(1)
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	Prior	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio:(2)
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate:
Less than or equal to 80%	$156,136	$161,237	$324,160	$849,984	$714,620	$710,162	$2,916,299
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90%	53,904	67,163	71,059	18,333	2,078	1,338	213,875
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100%	67,749	27,468	16,801	1,757	233	205	114,213
Greater than 100%	266	670	1,616	208	48	133	2,941
Total 20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate	278,055	256,538	413,636	870,282	716,979	711,838	3,247,328
Current-year 20- and 30-year or more,     amortizing fixed-rate write-offs	$2	$43	$130	$114	$71	$261	$621
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate:
Less than or equal to 80%	7,508	6,455	31,140	145,254	102,032	75,904	368,293
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90%	576	314	168	11	—	—	1,069
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100%	323	24	16	1	—	—	364
Greater than 100%	—	—	1	—	—	—	1
Total 15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate	8,407	6,793	31,325	145,266	102,032	75,904	369,727
Current-year 15-year or less, amortizing      fixed-rate write-offs	—	1	2	2	1	4	10
Adjustable-rate:
Less than or equal to 80%	1,471	1,790	4,369	5,400	1,478	8,159	22,667
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90%	434	502	729	44	5	2	1,716
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100%	272	154	165	4	1	1	597
Greater than 100%	—	8	29	1	—	—	38
Total adjustable-rate	2,177	2,454	5,292	5,449	1,484	8,162	25,018
Current-year adjustable-rate write-offs	—	—	1	—	—	1	2
Other:
Less than or equal to 80%	—	—	—	—	—	16,945	16,945
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90%	—	—	—	—	—	58	58
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100%	—	—	—	—	—	27	27
Greater than 100%	—	—	—	—	—	24	24
Total other	—	—	—	—	—	17,054	17,054
Current-year other write-offs	—	—	—	—	—	37	37
Total for all classes by LTV ratio:(2)
Less than or equal to 80%	$165,115	$169,482	$359,669	$1,000,638	$818,130	$811,170	$3,324,204
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90%	54,914	67,979	71,956	18,388	2,083	1,398	216,718
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100%	68,344	27,646	16,982	1,762	234	233	115,201
Greater than 100%	266	678	1,646	209	48	157	3,004
Total	$288,639	$265,785	$450,253	$1,020,997	$820,495	$812,958	$3,659,127
Total current-year write-offs	$2	$44	$133	$116	$72	$303	$670

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-28

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans

	Credit Quality Indicators of December 31, 2023, and Write-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023, by Year of Origination(1)
	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	Prior	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio:(2)
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate:
Less than or equal to 80%	$148,641	$314,384	$889,434	$767,596	$136,654	$648,964	$2,905,673
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90%	57,686	95,509	38,790	3,424	804	1,082	197,295
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100%	61,658	35,602	4,002	363	71	189	101,885
Greater than 100%	1,000	1,764	189	47	17	172	3,189
Total 20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate	268,985	447,259	932,415	771,430	137,546	650,407	3,208,042
Current-year 20- and 30-year or more,     amortizing fixed-rate write-offs	$2	$35	$53	$45	$108	$560	$803
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate:
Less than or equal to 80%	7,110	35,224	165,294	117,795	17,162	84,222	426,807
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90%	581	647	52	2	—	1	1,283
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100%	259	58	1	—	—	1	319
Greater than 100%	1	2	—	—	—	1	4
Total 15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate	7,951	35,931	165,347	117,797	17,162	84,225	428,413
Current-year 15-year or less, amortizing      fixed-rate write-offs	—	—	1	1	1	5	8
Adjustable-rate:
Less than or equal to 80%	1,566	4,452	5,945	1,654	710	9,716	24,043
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90%	499	1,030	90	6	2	3	1,630
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100%	299	330	11	—	—	1	641
Greater than 100%	14	29	1	—	—	—	44
Total adjustable-rate	2,378	5,841	6,047	1,660	712	9,720	26,358
Current-year adjustable-rate write-offs	—	1	—	—	—	2	3
Other:
Less than or equal to 80%	—	—	—	—	27	19,418	19,445
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90%	—	—	—	—	—	81	81
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100%	—	—	—	—	—	39	39
Greater than 100%	—	—	—	—	—	35	35
Total other	—	—	—	—	27	19,573	19,600
Current-year other write-offs	—	—	—	—	—	52	52
Total for all classes by LTV ratio:(2)
Less than or equal to 80%	$157,317	$354,060	$1,060,673	$887,045	$154,553	$762,320	$3,375,968
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90%	58,766	97,186	38,932	3,432	806	1,167	200,289
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100%	62,216	35,990	4,014	363	71	230	102,884
Greater than 100%	1,015	1,795	190	47	17	208	3,272
Total	$279,314	$489,031	$1,103,809	$890,887	$155,447	$763,925	$3,682,413
Total current-year write-offs	$2	$36	$54	$46	$109	$619	$866

(1)Excludes $3.6 billion and $5.5 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, of mortgage loans guaranteed or insured, in whole

or in part, by the U.S. government or one of its agencies, which represents primarily reverse mortgages for which we do not calculate an

estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, it also excludes write-offs of $47 million and $7

million, respectively, of mortgage loans guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government or one of its agencies. Year of

loan origination may not be the same as the period in which we subsequently acquired the loan.

(2)The aggregate estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio is based on the unpaid principal balance of the loan divided by the estimated current

value of the property as of the end of each reported period, which we calculate using an internal valuation model that estimates periodic

changes in home value.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-29

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans

The following tables display the total amortized cost of our multifamily HFI loans by year of origination and credit-risk

rating, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option. Property rental income and property valuations

are key inputs to our internally assigned credit risk ratings. The tables below also include current year write-offs of our

multifamily HFI mortgage loans by year of origination, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option.

	Credit Quality Indicators as of December 31, 2024 and Write-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024, by Year of Origination(1)
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	Prior	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Internally assigned credit risk rating:
Pass(2)	$49,867	$51,194	$49,570	$59,687	$71,657	$175,887	$457,862
Special mention(3)	54	68	165	353	162	280	1,082
Substandard(4)	429	2,626	9,045	3,259	2,500	12,820	30,679
Doubtful(5)	—	42	—	62	—	—	104
Total	$50,350	$53,930	$58,780	$63,361	$74,319	$188,987	$489,727
Current-year write-offs	$—	$81	$192	$16	$27	$189	$505

	Credit Quality Indicators as of December 31, 2023 and Write-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023, by Year of Origination(1)
	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	Prior	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Internally assigned credit risk rating:
Pass(2)	$49,944	$51,380	$60,563	$72,791	$56,901	$136,860	$428,439
Special mention(3)	4	11	181	32	46	130	404
Substandard(4)	521	9,517	3,654	2,703	3,893	12,188	32,476
Doubtful(5)	25	—	—	—	10	—	35
Total	$50,494	$60,908	$64,398	$75,526	$60,850	$149,178	$461,354
Current-year write-offs	$—	$3	$4	$6	$23	$365	$401

(1)Year of loan origination may not be the same as the period in which we subsequently acquired the loan.

(2)A loan categorized as “Pass” is current or adequately protected by the current financial strength and debt service capability of the

borrower.

(3)“Special mention” refers to loans that are otherwise performing but have potential weaknesses that, if left uncorrected, may result in

deterioration in the borrower’s ability to repay in full.

(4)Loans classified as “Substandard” have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the timely full repayment. We had loans in our seniors

housing portfolio with an amortized cost of $3.8 billion and $6.9 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, classified as

substandard.

(5)“Doubtful” refers to a loan with a weakness that makes collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable based on existing

conditions and values.

Loss Mitigation Options for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

As part of our loss mitigation activities, we may agree to modify the contractual terms of a loan to a borrower

experiencing financial difficulty. In addition to loan modifications, we also provide other loss mitigation options to assist

borrowers who experience financial difficulties.

Below we provide disclosures relating to loan restructurings where borrowers were experiencing financial difficulty,

including restructurings that resulted in an insignificant payment delay. The disclosures exclude loans classified as held

for sale and those for which we have elected the fair value option. See “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting

Policies” for additional information on our accounting policies for single-family and multifamily loans that have been

restructured.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-30

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans

Single-Family Loan Restructurings

We offer several types of restructurings to single-family borrowers that may result in a payment delay, interest rate

reduction, term extension, or combination thereof. We do not typically offer principal forgiveness.

We offer the following types of restructurings to single-family borrowers that only result in a payment delay:

•a forbearance plan is a short-term loss mitigation option which grants a period of time (typically in 6-month

increments and generally do not exceed a total of 12 months) during which the borrower’s monthly payment

obligations are reduced or suspended. A forbearance plan does not impact our reporting of when a loan is

considered past due, which remains based on the contractual terms of the loan. Borrowers may exit a

forbearance plan by repaying all past due amounts to fully reinstate the loan, paying off the loan in full, or

entering into another loss mitigation option, such as a repayment plan, a payment deferral, or a loan

modification.

•a repayment plan is a short-term loss mitigation option that allows borrowers a specific period of time to return

the loan to current status by paying the regular monthly payment plus additional agreed-upon delinquent

amounts (generally for a period up to 12 months and the monthly repayment plan amount must not exceed

150% of the contractual mortgage payment). A repayment plan does not impact our reporting of when a loan is

considered past due, which remains based on the contractual terms of the loan. At the end of the repayment

plan, the borrower resumes making the regular monthly payment; and

•a payment deferral is a loss mitigation option which defers the repayment of the delinquent principal and

interest payments and other eligible default-related amounts that were advanced on behalf of the borrower by

converting them into a non-interest-bearing balance due at the earlier of the payoff date, the maturity date, or

sale or transfer of the property. The remaining mortgage terms, interest rate, payment schedule, and maturity

date remain unchanged, and no trial period is required. The number of months of payments deferred varies

based on the types of hardships the borrower is facing.

We also offer single-family borrowers loan modifications, which contractually change the terms of the loan. Our loan

modification programs generally require completion of a trial period of three to four months where the borrower makes

reduced monthly payments prior to receiving the modification. During the trial period, the mortgage loan is not

contractually modified and continues to be reported as past due according to its contractual terms. The reduced

payments that are made by the borrower during the trial period will result in a payment delay with respect to the original

contractual terms of the loan. After successful completion of the trial period, and the borrower’s execution of a

modification agreement, the mortgage loan is contractually modified.

Loan modifications include the following concessions as necessary to achieve a targeted payment reduction as outlined

by our Servicing Guide:

•capitalization of past due amounts, a form of payment delay, which capitalizes interest and other eligible default

related amounts that were advanced on behalf of the borrower that are past due into the unpaid principal

balance; and

•a term extension, which may extend the contractual maturity date of the loan up to 40 years from the effective

date of the modification.

In addition to these concessions, loan modifications may also include an interest rate reduction, which reduces the

contractual interest rate of the loan, or a principal forbearance, which is another form of payment delay that includes

forbearing repayment of a portion of the principal balance as a non-interest bearing amount that is due at the earlier of

the payoff date, the maturity date, or sale or transfer of the property.

Multifamily Loan Restructurings

For multifamily borrowers, loan restructurings include short-term forbearance plans and loan modification programs,

which primarily result in term extensions of up to one year with no change to the loan’s interest rate. In certain cases,

we may make more significant modifications of terms for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, such as reducing the

interest rate, converting to interest-only payments, extending the maturity for longer than one year, providing principal

forbearance, or some combination of these terms. In some instances when a loan is restructured, we may require

additional collateral, which may take the form of a guaranty from another entity, to further mitigate the risk of

nonperformance.

Restructurings for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The following tables display the amortized cost of HFI mortgage loans that were restructured, during the periods

indicated, presented by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-31

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
	Payment Delay (Only)
	Forbearance Plan	Payment Deferral	Trial Modification and Repayment Plans	Payment Delay and Term Extension(1)	Payment Delay, Term Extension, Interest Rate Reduction, and Other(1)	Total	Percentage of Total by Financing Class(2)
	(Dollars in millions)
Single-family:
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate	$11,545	$10,786	$8,473	$8,750	$165	$39,719	1%
15-year or less, amortizing fixed- rate	476	342	276	4	1	1,099	*
Adjustable-rate	58	38	29	—	8	133	1
Other	67	122	102	76	37	404	2
Total single-family	12,146	11,288	8,880	8,830	211	41,355	1
Multifamily	151	—	—	—	1,119	1,270	*
Total(3)	$12,297	$11,288	$8,880	$8,830	$1,330	$42,625	1%

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Payment Delay (Only)
	Forbearance Plan	Payment Deferral	Trial Modification and Repayment Plans	Payment Delay and Term Extension(1)	Payment Delay, Term Extension, Interest Rate Reduction, and Other(1)	Total	Percentage of Total by Financing Class(2)
	(Dollars in millions)
Single-family:
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate	$10,935	$10,653	$7,146	$6,728	$380	$35,842	1%
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate	472	421	273	2	1	1,169	*
Adjustable-rate	65	36	27	—	9	137	1
Other	120	136	142	115	74	587	2
Total single-family	11,592	11,246	7,588	6,845	464	37,735	1
Multifamily	562	—	—	—	992	1,554	*
Total(3)	$12,154	$11,246	$7,588	$6,845	$1,456	$39,289	1%

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-32

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Payment Delay (Only)
	Forbearance Plan	Payment Deferral	Trial Modification and Repayment Plans	Payment Delay and Term Extension(1)	Payment Delay, Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction(1)	Total	Percentage of Total by Financing Class(2)
	(Dollars in millions)
Single-family:
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate	$15,697	$16,875	$5,287	$4,109	$11,342	$53,310	2%
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate	794	875	233	3	2	1,907	*
Adjustable-rate	90	76	36	—	39	241	1
Other	296	369	181	121	450	1,417	4
Total single-family	16,877	18,195	5,737	4,233	11,833	56,875	2
Multifamily	283	—	—	—	40	323	*
Total(3)	$17,160	$18,195	$5,737	$4,233	$11,873	$57,198	1%

*Represents less than 0.5% of total by financing class.

(1)Represents loans that received a contractual modification.

(2)Based on the amortized cost basis as of period end, divided by the period end amortized cost basis of the corresponding class of financing

receivable.

(3)Excludes $1.7 billion, $1.8 billion and $4.0 billion for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, for loans that were

the subject of loss mitigation activity during the period that paid off, were repurchased or were sold prior to period end. Also excludes loans

that liquidated either through foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, or a short sale. Loans may move from one category to another, as a

result of the restructuring(s) they received during the period.

Our estimate of future credit losses uses a lifetime methodology, derived from modeled loan performance based on

extensive historical experience of loans with similar risk characteristics, adjusted to reflect current conditions and

reasonable and supportable forecasts. The historical loss experience used in our single-family and multifamily credit

loss models includes the impact of the loss mitigation options provided to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, and

also includes the impact of projected loss severities as a result of a loan default

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-33

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans

The following tables summarize the financial impacts of loan modifications and payment deferrals made to single-family

HFI loans presented by class of financing receivable. We discuss the qualitative impacts of forbearance plans,

repayment plans, and trial modifications earlier in this footnote. As a result, those loss mitigation options are excluded

from the table below.

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
	Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction	Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months)	Average Amount Capitalized as a Result of a Payment Delay(1)
Loan by class of financing receivable:(2)
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate	0.68%	161	$13,000
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate	1.77	80	10,534
Adjustable-rate	2.55	—	10,710
Other	0.82	168	18,511

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction	Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months)	Average Amount Capitalized as a Result of a Payment Delay(1)
Loan by class of financing receivable:(2)
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate	1.06%	171	$16,186
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate	1.62	72	14,236
Adjustable-rate	1.62	—	14,608
Other	1.36	189	20,910

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction	Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months)	Average Amount Capitalized as a Result of a Payment Delay(1)
Loan by class of financing receivable:(2)
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate	1.42%	179	$22,248
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate	2.54	55	19,276
Adjustable-rate	0.70	—	22,153
Other	1.80	187	22,773

(1)Represents the average amount of delinquency-related amounts that were capitalized as part of the loan balance. Amounts are in whole

dollars.

(2)Excludes the financial effects of modifications for loans that were paid off or otherwise liquidated as of period end.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-34

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans

The following tables display the amortized cost of HFI loans that defaulted during the period and had received a

completed modification or payment deferral in the twelve months prior to the payment default. For purposes of this

disclosure, we define loans that had a payment default as single-family loans with completed modifications that are two

or more months delinquent during the period; or multifamily loans with completed modifications that are one or more

months delinquent during the period. For loans that receive a forbearance plan, repayment plan or trial modification,

these loss mitigation options generally remain in default until the loan is no longer delinquent as a result of the payment

of all past-due amounts or as a result of a loan modification or payment deferral. Therefore, forbearance plans,

repayment plans and trial modifications are not included in default tables below.

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
		Payment Delay as a Result of a Payment Deferral (Only)	Payment Delay and Term Extension	Payment Delay, Term Extension, Interest Rate Reduction, and Other	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Single-family:
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate		$3,209	$1,786	$35	$5,030
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate		79	—	—	79
Adjustable-rate		12	—	3	15
Other		37	13	14	64
Total single-family		3,337	1,799	52	5,188
Multifamily		—	—	—	—
Total loans that subsequently defaulted(1)(2)		$3,337	$1,799	$52	$5,188

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
		Payment Delay as a Result of a Payment Deferral (Only)	Payment Delay and Term Extension	Payment Delay, Term Extension, Interest Rate Reduction, and Other	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Single-family:
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate		$1,933	$1,078	$233	$3,244
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate		57	—	1	58
Adjustable-rate		5	—	2	7
Other		23	22	19	64
Total single-family		2,018	1,100	255	3,373
Multifamily		—	—	—	—
Total loans that subsequently defaulted(1)(2)		$2,018	$1,100	$255	$3,373

(1)Represents amortized cost as of period end. Excludes loans that liquidated either through foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, or a

short sale.

(2)The substantial majority of loans that received a completed modification or a payment deferral during the three months ended December

31, 2024 did not default during the fourth quarter of 2024. The substantial majority of loans that received a completed modification or a

payment deferral during the three months ended December 31, 2023 did not default during the fourth quarter of 2023.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-35

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans

The following table displays the amortized cost of HFI loans that received a completed modification or payment deferral

on or after January 1, 2022, the date we adopted ASU 2022-02, through December 31, 2022 and that defaulted in the

period presented.

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
		Payment Delay as a Result of a Payment Deferral (Only)	Payment Delay and Term Extension	Payment Delay, Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Single-family:
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate		$1,695	$258	$648	$2,601
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate		56	—	—	56
Adjustable-rate		7	—	3	10
Other		41	11	42	94
Total single-family		1,799	269	693	2,761
Multifamily		—	—	—	—
Total loans that subsequently defaulted(1)(2)		$1,799	$269	$693	$2,761

(1)Represents amortized cost as of period end. Excludes loans that liquidated either through foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, or a

short sale.

(2)The substantial majority of loans that received a completed modification or a payment deferral during for the three months ended

December 31, 2022 did not default during the fourth quarter of 2022.

The following tables display an aging analysis of HFI mortgage loans that were restructured during the twelve months

prior to December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, presented by portfolio segment and class of financing

receivable.

	As of December 31, 2024(1)
	30-59 Days Delinquent	60-89 Days Delinquent(2)	Seriously Delinquent	Total Delinquent	Current	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Single-family:
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate	$4,560	$3,649	$13,343	$21,552	$12,986	$34,538
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate	123	113	398	634	372	1,006
Adjustable-rate	17	16	50	83	41	124
Other	48	34	129	211	132	343
Total single-family loans modified	4,748	3,812	13,920	22,480	13,531	36,011
Multifamily	35	N/A	61	96	1,174	1,270
Total loans restructured(3)	$4,783	$3,812	$13,981	$22,576	$14,705	$37,281

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-36

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans

	As of December 31, 2023(1)
	30-59 Days Delinquent	60-89 Days Delinquent(2)	Seriously Delinquent	Total Delinquent	Current	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Single-family:
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate	$3,520	$2,323	$11,955	$17,798	$13,598	$31,396
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate	111	76	409	596	473	1,069
Adjustable-rate	11	9	56	76	50	126
Other	61	39	165	265	252	517
Total single-family loans modified	3,703	2,447	12,585	18,735	14,373	33,108
Multifamily	—	N/A	557	557	998	1,555
Total loans restructured(3)	$3,703	$2,447	$13,142	$19,292	$15,371	$34,663

	As of December 31, 2022(1)
	30-59 Days Delinquent	60-89 Days Delinquent(2)	Seriously Delinquent	Total Delinquent	Current	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Single-family:
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate	$4,113	$2,785	$13,995	$20,893	$27,379	$48,272
15-year or less, amortizing fixed-rate	147	114	552	813	962	1,775
Adjustable-rate	15	14	79	108	117	225
Other	113	67	365	545	755	1,300
Total single-family loans modified	4,388	2,980	14,991	22,359	29,213	51,572
Multifamily	3	N/A	265	268	55	323
Total loans restructured(3)	$4,391	$2,980	$15,256	$22,627	$29,268	$51,895

(1)As of December 31, 2024, the substantial majority of loans that received a completed modification or a payment deferral during the fourth

quarter of 2024 were not delinquent as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the substantial majority of loans that received a

completed modification or a payment deferral during the fourth quarter of 2023 were not delinquent as of December 31, 2023. As of

December 31, 2022, the substantial majority of loans that received a completed modification or a payment deferral during the fourth

quarter of 2022 were not delinquent as of December 31, 2022.

(2)Multifamily loans 60-89 days delinquent are included in the seriously delinquent column.

(3)Represents the amortized cost basis as of period end.

Nonaccrual Loans

The table below displays the accrued interest receivable written off through the reversal of interest income for

nonaccrual loans. See “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for more information about our policy for

nonaccrual loans.

		For the Year Ended December 31,
		2024	2023	2022
	(Dollars in millions)
Accrued interest receivable written off through the reversal of interest income:
Single-family		$391	$325	$61
Multifamily		32	49	1

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-37

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans

The table below includes the amortized cost of and interest income recognized on our HFI single-family and multifamily

loans on nonaccrual status by class, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option.

	As of December 31,				For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2024	2023	2022
	Amortized Cost(1)				Total Interest Income Recognized(2)
	(Dollars in millions)
Single-family:
20- and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate	$25,218	$21,971	$9,447	$17,599	$481	$379	$207
15-year or less, amortizing fixed- rate	770	727	200	430	11	9	4
Adjustable-rate	114	109	53	107	3	2	1
Other	482	508	617	1,101	10	10	11
Total single-family	26,584	23,315	10,317	19,237	505	400	223
Multifamily	2,517	1,890	2,200	1,259	55	41	75
Total nonaccrual loans	$29,101	$25,205	$12,517	$20,496	$560	$441	$298

(1)Amortized cost is presented net of any write-offs, which are recognized when a loan balance is deemed uncollectible.

(2)Interest income recognized includes amortization of any deferred cost basis adjustments while the loan is performing and that is not

reversed when the loan is placed on nonaccrual status. For single-family, interest income recognized includes payments received on

nonaccrual loans held as of period end.

Non-Cash Activities Related to Mortgage Loans

The table below displays non-cash activities related to mortgage loans.

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2022
	(Dollars in millions)
Non-cash activities related to mortgage loans:
Mortgage loans acquired by assuming debt	$151,123	$140,162	$246,883
Net transfers from mortgage loans of Fannie Mae to mortgage loans of consolidated trusts	123,333	117,885	265,066
Mortgage loans received by consolidated trusts to satisfy advances to lenders	94,294	103,141	185,203
Transfers from mortgage loans to other assets(1)	2,799	4,160	2,344

(1)Transfers from mortgage loans to other assets includes foreclosures, pre-foreclosure sales, third-party sales and conveyances.

5.  Allowance for Loan Losses

We maintain an allowance for loan losses for HFI loans held by Fannie Mae and by consolidated Fannie Mae MBS

trusts, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option. When calculating our allowance for loan losses,

we consider the unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized premiums and discounts, and other cost basis

adjustments of HFI loans at the balance sheet date. We record write-offs as a reduction to our allowance for loan losses

at the point of foreclosure, completion of a short sale, upon the redesignation of nonperforming and reperforming loans

from HFI to HFS or when a loan is determined to be uncollectible.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-38

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table displays changes in our allowance for single-family loans, multifamily loans and total allowance for

loan losses. The benefit or provision for loan losses excludes provision for accrued interest receivable losses, guaranty

loss reserves and credit losses on available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities. Cumulatively, these amounts are

recognized as “Benefit (provision) for credit losses” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive

income.

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2022
	(Dollars in millions)
Single-family allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$(6,671)	$(9,443)	$(4,950)
Benefit (provision) for loan losses	888	2,079	(5,061)
Write-offs	717	873	883
Recoveries	(253)	(203)	(276)
Other	—	23	(39)
Ending balance	$(5,319)	$(6,671)	$(9,443)
Multifamily allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$(2,059)	$(1,904)	$(679)
Benefit (provision) for loan losses	(748)	(497)	(1,245)
Write-offs	505	401	43
Recoveries	(86)	(59)	(23)
Ending balance	$(2,388)	$(2,059)	$(1,904)
Total allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$(8,730)	$(11,347)	$(5,629)
Benefit (provision) for loan losses	140	1,582	(6,306)
Write-offs	1,222	1,274	926
Recoveries	(339)	(262)	(299)
Other	—	23	(39)
Ending balance	$(7,707)	$(8,730)	$(11,347)

Our benefit or provision for loan losses can vary substantially from period to period based on a number of factors, such

as changes in actual and forecasted home prices or property valuations, fluctuations in actual and forecasted interest

rates, borrower payment behavior, events such as natural disasters or pandemics, the type, volume and effectiveness of

our loss mitigation activities, including forbearances and loan modifications, the volume of foreclosures completed, and

the volume and pricing of loans redesignated from HFI to HFS. Our benefit or provision can also be impacted by

updates to the models, assumptions, and data used in determining our allowance for loan losses.

Our single-family benefit for loan losses in 2024 was primarily driven by improvements to our longer-term single-family

home price forecast, partially offset by provision from the risk profile of newly acquired loans, and provision related to

higher mortgage interest rates.

•Home price forecast benefit. We recognized a benefit from improvements to our longer-term single-family home

price forecast. Higher home prices decrease the likelihood that loans will default and reduce the amount of

losses on loans that default, which impacts our estimate of losses and ultimately reduces our loss reserves and

provision for loan losses.

•Provision for newly acquired loans. The provision for newly acquired loans was primarily driven by the credit

risk profile of our 2024 single-family acquisitions, which primarily consisted of purchase loans. Purchase loans

generally have higher origination LTV ratios than refinance loans; therefore, purchase loans generally have a

higher estimated risk of default and loss severity in the allowance than refinance loans and a correspondingly

higher loan loss provision at the time of acquisition.

•Provision for higher interest rates. We also recognized provision from higher mortgage interest rates. As

mortgage rates increase, we expect a decrease in future prepayments on single-family loans. Lower expected

prepayments extend the expected life of the loan, which increases our expectation of loan losses.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-39

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Allowance for Loan Losses

Our single-family benefit for loan losses for 2023 was primarily driven by a benefit from actual and forecasted home

price growth, partially offset by a provision from changes in loan activity and a provision relating to the redesignation of

loans from HFI to HFS, as described below:

•Benefit from actual and forecasted home price growth. During 2023, we observed stronger than expected

actual and forecasted home price appreciation.

•Provision from changes in loan activity. This includes provision on newly acquired loans and was primarily

driven by the credit risk profile of our 2023 single-family acquisitions, which had a higher proportion of purchase

loans compared with our 2022 single-family acquisitions.

•Provision from redesignation of loans from HFI to HFS. In 2023 we redesignated certain nonperforming and

reperforming single-family loans from HFI to HFS, as we no longer intended to hold them for the foreseeable

future or to maturity. Upon redesignation, these loans had an amortized cost of $3.3 billion with a related

allowance of $42 million. Since interest rates on the loans were below current market interest rates, their

carrying value exceeded their fair value at the time of redesignation, which resulted in a write-off against the

allowance of $658 million, with a net impact of $616 million in additional provision for loan losses.

Our multifamily provision for loan losses in 2024 was primarily driven by declining multifamily property values, an

increase in multifamily loan delinquencies, and provision related to our estimate of losses on loans involving fraud or

suspected fraud. These factors were partially offset by an improved long-term forecast of multifamily property net

operating income (“NOI”).

•Provision relating to declining multifamily property values. During 2024, multifamily property values declined,

primarily due to elevated interest rates resulting in higher market yield requirements. This decrease in property

values led to higher LTV ratios for loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business, which drove higher

estimated risk of default and loss severity in the allowance and therefore a higher loan loss provision.

•Provision relating to increased delinquencies. Multifamily loan delinquencies increased in 2024, particularly for

adjustable-rate conventional loans that became seriously delinquent and were written down to their net

recoverable amount, which contributed to the multifamily provision for loan losses.

•Provision relating to fraud or suspected fraud. Expected losses relating to multifamily lending transactions

involving fraud or suspected fraud further heightened the risk of default and added to our multifamily loan loss

provision.

•Benefit relating to improved NOI forecast. Our forecast of NOI on multifamily properties improved compared to

our prior forecast, which also positively impacted our projection of multifamily property values. This

improvement in our NOI forecast was primarily due to a refinement of our forecast assumptions to use the

average NOI historical growth rate for a longer period of the forecast.

The primary factors that contributed to our multifamily provision for loan losses in 2023 were:

•Provision from changes in loan activity. This was primarily driven by new acquisitions resulting in book growth,

as well as increased delinquencies and declining DSCRs on the multifamily guaranty book, particularly in

instances where the DSCR declined to at or below a 1.0x coverage ratio.

•Provision from actual and projected economic data. Multifamily property values decreased throughout 2023,

which resulted in higher estimated LTV ratios on the loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business,

resulting in a provision for loan losses.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-40

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Investments in Securities

6.  Investments in Securities

The following table displays our investments in securities.

	As of December 31,
	2024	2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Trading securities:
Mortgage-related securities (includes $300 million and $364 million, respectively, related to consolidated trusts)	$1,098	$4,770
Non-mortgage-related securities (includes $8.9 billion and $5.7 billion, respectively, pledged as collateral)(1)	77,630	47,782
Total trading securities	78,728	52,552
Available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $487 million and $584 million, respectively)	469	564
Total investments in securities	$79,197	$53,116

(1)Primarily includes U.S. Treasury securities.

The following table displays information about our net trading gains (losses).

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2022
	(Dollars in millions)
Net trading gains (losses)		$570		$1,006		$(3,504)
Net trading gains (losses) recognized in the period related to securities still held at period end		367		1,041		(2,865)

There were no significant gross unrealized gains or losses on our AFS investment portfolio at December 31, 2024 or

2023. Additionally, the allowance for credit losses on our AFS investment portfolio was not significant at December 31,

2024 or 2023.

There were no sales of AFS securities during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, or 2022.

7.  Financial Guarantees

We recognize a guaranty obligation for our obligation to stand ready to perform on our guarantees to unconsolidated

trusts and other guaranty arrangements. These off-balance sheet guarantees expose us to credit losses primarily

relating to the unpaid principal balance of our unconsolidated Fannie Mae MBS and other financial guarantees. As of

December 31, 2024, the maximum remaining contractual term of our guarantees was 28 years; however, the actual

term of each guaranty may be significantly less than the contractual term based on the prepayment characteristics of

the related mortgage loans. We measure our guaranty reserve for estimated credit losses for off-balance sheet

exposures over the contractual period for which they are exposed to the credit risk, unless that obligation is

unconditionally cancellable by the issuer.

As the guarantor of structured securities backed in whole or in part by Freddie Mac-issued securities, we extend our

guaranty to the underlying Freddie Mac securities in our resecuritization trusts. However, Freddie Mac continues to

guarantee the payment of principal and interest on the underlying Freddie Mac securities that we have resecuritized.

When we began issuing UMBS, we entered into an indemnification agreement under which Freddie Mac agreed to

indemnify us for losses caused by its failure to meet its payment or other specified obligations under the trust

agreements pursuant to which the underlying resecuritized securities were issued. As a result, and due to the funding

commitment available to Freddie Mac through its senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury, we have

concluded that the associated credit risk is negligible. Accordingly, we exclude from the following table Freddie Mac

securities backing unconsolidated Fannie Mae-issued structured securities of $200.1 billion and $215.6 billion as of

December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-41

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Financial Guarantees

The following table displays our off-balance sheet maximum exposure, guaranty obligation recognized in our

consolidated balance sheets and the potential maximum recovery from third parties through available credit

enhancements and recourse related to our financial guarantees.

	As of December 31,
	2024						2023
	Maximum Exposure		Guaranty Obligation		Maximum Recovery(1)		Maximum Exposure		Guaranty Obligation		Maximum Recovery(1)
		(Dollars in millions)
Unconsolidated Fannie Mae MBS		$2,484		$13		$2,432		$2,778		$14		$2,713
Other guaranty arrangements(2)		8,914		56		1,954		9,154		65		1,967
Total		$11,398		$69		$4,386		$11,932		$79		$4,680

(1)Recoverability of such credit enhancements and recourse is subject to, among other factors, the ability of our mortgage insurers and the

U.S. government, as a financial guarantor, to meet their obligations to us. For information on our mortgage insurers, see “Note 14,

Concentrations of Credit Risk.”

(2)Primarily consists of credit enhancements and long-term standby commitments.

8.  Short-Term and Long-Term Debt

Short-Term Debt

The following table displays our outstanding short-term debt (debt with an original contractual maturity of one year or

less) and weighted-average interest rates of this debt.

	As of December 31,
	2024		2023
	Outstanding	Weighted- Average Interest Rate(1)	Outstanding	Weighted- Average Interest Rate(1)
	(Dollars in millions)
Short-term debt of Fannie Mae	$11,188	4.33%	$17,314	5.13%

(1)Includes the effects of discounts, premiums and other cost basis adjustments.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-42

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Short-Term and Long-Term Debt

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt represents debt with an original contractual maturity of greater than one year. The following table

displays our outstanding long-term debt.

	As of December 31,
	2024			2023
	Maturities	Outstanding(1)	Weighted- Average Interest Rate(2)	Maturities	Outstanding(1)	Weighted- Average Interest Rate(2)
	(Dollars in millions)
Senior fixed:
Benchmark notes and bonds	2025 - 2030	$44,655	2.87%	2024 - 2030	$54,727	2.79%
Medium-term notes(3)	2025 - 2034	42,208	2.21	2024 - 2031	42,217	1.58
Other(4)	2025 - 2038	6,632	3.98	2024 - 2038	6,787	3.98
Total senior fixed		93,495	2.66		103,731	2.40
Senior floating:
Medium-term notes(3)	2026 - 2027	32,435	4.67	N/A	—	—
Connecticut Avenue Securities(5)	2025 - 2031	2,055	10.99	2024 - 2031	2,752	11.12
Other(6)	2037	249	8.10	2037	268	8.79
Total senior floating		34,739	5.07		3,020	10.92
Total long-term debt of Fannie Mae(7)		128,234	3.30		106,751	2.63
Debt of consolidated trusts	2025 - 2063	4,088,675	2.96	2024 - 2062	4,098,653	2.56
Total long-term debt		$4,216,909	2.97%		$4,205,404	2.57%

(1)Outstanding debt balance consists of the unpaid principal balance, premiums and discounts, fair value adjustments, hedge-related basis

adjustments, and other cost basis adjustments.

(2)Excludes the effects of fair value adjustments and hedge-related basis adjustments.

(3)Includes long-term debt with an original contractual maturity of greater than 1 year and up to 10 years, excluding zero-coupon debt.

(4)Includes other long-term debt with an original contractual maturity of greater than 10 years and foreign exchange bonds.

(5)Consists of CAS debt issued prior to November 2018, a portion of which is reported at fair value.

(6)Consists of structured debt instruments that are reported at fair value.

(7)Includes unamortized discounts and premiums, fair value adjustments, hedge-related cost basis adjustments, and other cost basis

adjustments in a net discount position of $3.6 billion and $4.0 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Our long-term debt includes a variety of debt types. We issue fixed and floating-rate medium-term notes with maturities

greater than one year that are issued through dealer banks. We also offer Benchmark Notes® that provide increased

efficiency, liquidity and tradability to the market through regularly-scheduled issuance dates during the year that we have

the option to use. Additionally, we have historically issued notes and bonds denominated in a foreign currency but have

not issued any foreign currency debt in the periods presented. We effectively convert all outstanding foreign currency-

denominated transactions into U.S. dollars through the use of foreign currency swaps for the purpose of funding our

mortgage assets. Our long-term debt also includes CAS securities issued prior to November 2018, which are credit risk-

sharing securities that transfer a portion of the credit risk on specified pools of single-family mortgage loans to the

investors in these securities.

Our other long-term debt includes callable and non-callable securities, which include all long-term non-Benchmark

securities, such as zero-coupon bonds, fixed rate and other long-term securities, and are generally negotiated

underwritings with one or more dealers or dealer banks.

Characteristics of Debt

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the face amount of our debt securities of Fannie Mae was $143.1 billion and

$128.1 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had zero-coupon debt with a face amount of $11.5 billion,

which had an effective interest rate of 4.36%. As of December 31, 2023, we had zero-coupon debt with a face amount

of $11.6 billion, which had an effective interest rate of 5.06%.

We issue callable debt instruments to manage the duration and prepayment risk of expected cash flows of the mortgage

assets we own. Our outstanding debt as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 included $41.0 billion and $43.8 billion,

respectively, of callable debt that could be redeemed, in whole or in part, at our option on or after a specified date.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-43

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Short-Term and Long-Term Debt

The following table displays the amount of our long-term debt as of December 31, 2024 by year of maturity for each of

the years 2025 through 2029 and thereafter. The first column assumes that we pay off this debt at maturity or on the call

date if the call has been announced, while the second column assumes that we redeem our callable debt at the next

available call date.

	Long-Term Debt by Year of Maturity		Assuming Callable Debt Redeemed at Next Available Call Date
	(Dollars in millions)
2025		$38,265		$63,236
2026		40,249		38,317
2027		13,437		6,859
2028		5,501		1,391
2029		8,350		2,890
Thereafter		22,432		15,541
Total long-term debt of Fannie Mae(1)		128,234		128,234
Debt of consolidated trusts(2)		4,088,675		4,088,675
Total long-term debt		$4,216,909		$4,216,909

(1)Includes unamortized discounts and premiums, fair value adjustments, hedge-related cost basis adjustments, and other cost basis

adjustments.

(2)Contractual maturity of debt of consolidated trusts is not a reliable indicator of expected maturity because borrowers of the underlying

loans generally have the right to prepay their obligations at any time.

9.  Derivative Instruments

Derivative instruments are an integral part of our strategy in managing interest-rate risk. Derivative instruments may be

privately-negotiated, bilateral contracts, or they may be listed and traded on an exchange. We refer to our derivative

transactions made pursuant to bilateral contracts as our over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative transactions and our

derivative transactions accepted for clearing by a derivatives clearing organization as our cleared derivative

transactions. We typically do not settle the notional amount of our risk management derivatives; rather, notional

amounts provide the basis for calculating actual payments or settlement amounts. The derivative contracts we use for

interest-rate risk management purposes fall into these broad categories:

•Interest-rate swap contracts. An interest-rate swap is a transaction between two parties in which each party

agrees to exchange payments tied to different interest rates or indices for a specified period of time, generally

based on a notional amount of principal. The types of interest-rate swaps we use include pay-fixed swaps,

receive-fixed swaps and basis swaps.

•Interest-rate option contracts. These contracts primarily include pay-fixed swaptions, receive-fixed swaptions,

cancellable swaps and interest-rate caps. A swaption is an option contract that allows us or a counterparty to

enter into a pay-fixed or receive-fixed swap at some point in the future.

•Foreign currency swaps. These swaps convert debt that we issue in foreign denominated currencies into U.S.

dollars. We enter into foreign currency swaps only to the extent that we hold foreign currency debt.

•Futures. These are standardized exchange-traded contracts that either obligate a buyer to buy an asset at a

predetermined date and price or a seller to sell an asset at a predetermined date and price. The types of

futures contracts we enter into include SOFR and U.S. Treasury.

We account for certain forms of credit risk transfer transactions as derivatives. In our credit risk transfer transactions, a

portion of the credit risk associated with losses on a reference pool of mortgage loans is transferred to a third party. We

enter into derivative transactions that are associated with some of our credit risk transfer transactions, whereby we

manage investment risk to guarantee that certain unconsolidated VIEs have sufficient cash flows to pay their contractual

obligations.

We enter into forward purchase and sale commitments that lock in the future delivery of mortgage loans and mortgage-

related securities at a fixed price or yield. Certain commitments to purchase mortgage loans and purchase or sell

mortgage-related securities meet the criteria of a derivative. We typically settle the notional amount of our mortgage

commitments that are accounted for as derivatives.

We recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a

trade-date basis. See “Note 16, Fair Value” for additional information on derivatives recorded at fair value.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-44

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Derivative Instruments

Fair Value Hedge Accounting

Pursuant to our fair value hedge accounting program, we may designate certain interest-rate swaps as hedging

instruments in hedges of the change in fair value attributable to the designated benchmark interest rate for certain

closed pools of fixed-rate, single-family mortgage loans or our funding debt. For hedged items in qualifying fair value

hedging relationships, changes in fair value attributable to the designated risk are recognized as a basis adjustment to

the hedged item. We also report changes in the fair value of the derivative hedging instrument in the same consolidated

statements of operations and comprehensive income line item used to recognize the earnings effect of the hedged

item’s basis adjustment. The objective of our fair value hedges is to reduce GAAP earnings volatility related to changes

in benchmark interest rates.

Notional and Fair Value Position of our Derivatives

The following table displays the notional amount and estimated fair value of our asset and liability derivative

instruments.

	As of December 31,
	2024			2023
	Notional Amount	Estimated Fair Value		Notional Amount	Estimated Fair Value
		Asset Derivatives	Liability Derivatives		Asset Derivatives	Liability Derivatives
	(Dollars in millions)
Risk management derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Swaps:(1)
Pay-fixed	$26,704	$—	$—	$9,954	$—	$—
Receive-fixed	10,057	—	—	28,587	—	—
Total risk management derivatives designated as hedging instruments	36,761	—	—	38,541	—	—
Risk management derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Swaps:(1)
Pay-fixed	146,628	—	—	136,648	—	—
Receive-fixed	135,686	71	(2,164)	115,288	76	(3,085)
Basis	250	26	—	250	44	—
Foreign currency	310	—	(81)	316	—	(66)
Swaptions:(1)
Pay-fixed	7,006	280	(31)	5,816	195	(12)
Receive-fixed	5,916	24	(92)	2,666	13	(60)
Futures(1)	86	—	—	32	—	—
Total risk management derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	295,882	401	(2,368)	261,016	328	(3,223)
Netting adjustment(2)	—	(362)	2,367	—	(283)	3,200
Total risk management derivatives portfolio	332,643	39	(1)	299,557	45	(23)
Mortgage commitment derivatives:
Mortgage commitments to purchase whole loans	2,634	1	(9)	2,734	14	—
Forward contracts to purchase mortgage- related securities	31,883	3	(118)	14,264	98	(2)
Forward contracts to sell mortgage-related securities	78,934	108	(10)	43,942	—	(102)
Total mortgage commitment derivatives	113,451	112	(137)	60,940	112	(104)
Credit enhancement derivatives	28,775	28	(16)	27,624	45	(13)
Derivatives at fair value	$474,869	$179	$(154)	$388,121	$202	$(140)

(1)Centrally cleared derivatives have no ascribable fair value because the positions are settled daily.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-45

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Derivative Instruments

(2)The netting adjustment represents the effect of the legal right to offset under legally enforceable master netting arrangements to settle with

the same counterparty on a net basis, including cash collateral posted and received. Cash collateral posted was $2.0 billion and $2.9

billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Cash collateral received was $3 million and $5 million as of December 31, 2024

and 2023, respectively.

We record all gains and losses, including accrued interest, on derivatives while they are not in a qualifying hedging

relationship in “Fair value gains (losses), net” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

The following table displays, by type of derivative instrument, the fair value gains and losses, net on our derivatives.

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2022
	(Dollars in millions)
Risk management derivatives:
Swaps:
Pay-fixed	$1,472	$(1,441)	$5,541
Receive-fixed	242	2,441	(4,788)
Basis	(22)	39	(143)
Foreign currency	(15)	32	(87)
Swaptions:
Pay-fixed	66	(2)	142
Receive-fixed	(20)	(10)	(19)
Futures	1	—	(1)
Net contractual interest expense on interest-rate swaps	(964)	(711)	(265)
Total risk management derivatives fair value gains (losses), net	760	348	380
Mortgage commitment derivatives fair value gains (losses), net	533	120	2,708
Credit enhancement derivatives fair value gains (losses), net	(82)	46	(97)
Total derivatives fair value gains (losses), net	$1,211	$514	$2,991

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-46

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Derivative Instruments

Effect of Fair Value Hedge Accounting

The following table displays the effect of fair value hedge accounting on our consolidated statements of operations and

comprehensive income, including gains and losses recognized on fair value hedging relationships.

		For the Year Ended December 31,
		2024		2023
		Interest Income: Mortgage Loans	Interest Expense: Long- Term Debt	Interest Income: Mortgage Loans	Interest Expense: Long- Term Debt
	(Dollars in millions)
Total amounts presented in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income		$144,152	$(121,223)	$133,234	$(110,269)
Gains (losses) from fair value hedging relationships:
Mortgage loans HFI and related interest-rate contracts:
Hedged items		$(675)	$—	$398	$—
Discontinued hedge-related basis adjustment amortization		33	—	56	—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments		636	—	(430)	—
Interest accruals on derivative hedging instruments		315	—	155	—
Debt of Fannie Mae and related interest-rate contracts:
Hedged items		—	502	—	(128)
Discontinued hedge-related basis adjustment amortization		—	(863)	—	(834)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments		—	(363)	—	682
Interest accruals on derivative hedging instruments		—	(425)	—	(888)
Gains (losses) recognized in net interest income on fair value hedging relationships		$309	$(1,149)	$179	$(1,168)

Hedged Items in Fair Value Hedging Relationships

The following table displays the carrying amounts of the hedged items that have been in qualifying fair value hedges

recorded in our consolidated balance sheets, including the hedged item’s cumulative basis adjustments and the closed

portfolio balances under the portfolio layer method. The hedged item carrying amounts and total basis adjustments

include both open and discontinued hedges. The amortized cost and designated UPB consists only of open hedges as

of December 31, 2024.

	As of December 31, 2024
	Carrying Amount Assets (Liabilities)	Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Basis Adjustments Included in the Carrying Amount		Closed Portfolio of Mortgage Loans Under Portfolio Layer Method
		Total Basis Adjustments(1)(2)	Remaining Adjustments - Discontinued Hedge	Total Amortized Cost	Designated UPB
	(Dollars in millions)
Mortgage loans HFI	$1,109,445	$(816)	$(816)	$813,536	$26,825
Debt of Fannie Mae	(47,849)	3,390	3,390	N/A	N/A

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-47

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Derivative Instruments

	As of December 31, 2023
	Carrying Amount Assets (Liabilities)	Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Basis Adjustments Included in the Carrying Amount		Closed Portfolio of Mortgage Loans Under Portfolio Layer Method
		Total Basis Adjustments(1)(2)	Remaining Adjustments - Discontinued Hedge	Total Amortized Cost	Designated UPB
	(Dollars in millions)
Mortgage loans HFI	$449,137	$(174)	$(174)	$218,419	$9,955
Debt of Fannie Mae	(59,462)	3,751	3,751	N/A	N/A

(1)No basis adjustment associated with open hedges, as all hedges are designated at the close of business, with a one-day term.

(2)Based on the unamortized balance of the hedge-related cost basis.

Derivative Counterparty Credit Exposure

Our derivative counterparty credit exposure relates principally to interest-rate derivative contracts. We are exposed to

the risk that a counterparty in a derivative transaction will default on payments due to us, which may require us to seek

a replacement derivative from a different counterparty. This replacement may be at a higher cost, or we may be unable

to find a suitable replacement. We manage our derivative counterparty credit exposure relating to our risk management

derivative transactions mainly through enforceable master netting arrangements, which allow us to net derivative assets

and liabilities with the same counterparty or clearing organization and clearing member. For our OTC derivative

transactions, we require counterparties to post collateral, which may include cash, U.S. Treasury securities, agency debt

and agency mortgage-related securities. See “Note 15, Netting Arrangements” for information on our rights to offset

assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

For certain OTC derivatives, the amount of collateral we pledge to counterparties related to our derivative instruments is

determined after considering our credit ratings. Currently, our long-term senior debt is rated AA+ or above by the three

major rating agencies. If our long-term senior debt credit ratings were downgraded to established thresholds in our OTC

derivative contracts, which range from A3/A- to Baa2/BBB or below, we would be required to provide additional

collateral to certain counterparties. The aggregate fair value of our OTC derivative instruments with credit-risk-related

contingent features that were in a net liability position was $1.3 billion and $1.8 billion, for which we posted collateral of

$948 million and $1.6 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. If our credit ratings were downgraded to

Baa2/BBB or below, the maximum additional collateral we would have been required to post to our counterparties as of

December 31, 2024 and 2023 would have been $725 million and $798 million, respectively.

10.  Income Taxes

Provision for Federal Income Taxes

We are subject to federal income tax, but we are exempt from state and local income taxes. The following table displays

the components of our provision for federal income taxes.

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2022
	(Dollars in millions)
Current income tax benefit (provision)	$(3,154)	$(3,317)	$(3,505)
Deferred income tax benefit (provision)(1)	(1,137)	(1,231)	195
Provision for federal income taxes	$(4,291)	$(4,548)	$(3,310)

(1)Amount excludes the current income tax effect of items recognized directly in “Total stockholders' equity.”

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-48

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Income Taxes

The following table displays the difference between the statutory corporate tax rate and our effective tax rate.

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024			2023			2022
Statutory corporate tax rate		21.0	%		21.0	%		21.0	%
Research tax credits		(0.3)			(0.2)			(1.5)
Equity investments in affordable housing projects		(0.3)			(0.2)			(0.1)
Valuation allowance		(0.1)			0.1			0.7
Other		(0.1)			—			0.3
Effective tax rate		20.2	%		20.7	%		20.4	%

Our effective tax rate is the provision for federal income taxes expressed as a percentage of income or loss before

federal income taxes. Our effective tax rates for the years 2024, 2023, and 2022 were impacted by benefits for research

tax credits, investments in housing projects eligible for low-income housing tax credits, and changes in the valuation

allowance against our capital loss carryforward tax asset.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

We evaluate our deferred tax assets for recoverability using a consistent approach which considers the relative impact

of negative and positive evidence, including our historical profitability and projections of future taxable income. Our

framework for assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets requires us to weigh all available evidence, to the

extent it exists, including:

•the sustainability of recent profitability required to realize the deferred tax assets;

•the cumulative net income or losses in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income

in recent years;

•unsettled circumstances that, if unfavorably resolved, would adversely affect future operations and profit levels

on a continuing basis in future years;

•the funding available to us under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement;

•the carryforward period for capital losses; and

•tax planning strategies.

Based on all positive and negative evidence available as of December 31, 2024, we concluded that it is more likely than

not that our deferred tax assets will be realized, except the deferred tax asset relating to capital loss carryforwards. For

the deferred tax asset relating to capital loss carryforwards, we concluded that the negative evidence outweighed the

positive evidence, and it is more likely than not that these capital loss carryforwards will not be utilized during the

allowable five-year carryforward period, which will expire in 2027 and 2028 if unused. Therefore, a valuation allowance

has been recorded against our capital loss carryforward deferred tax asset, which is included in “Other, net” in the table

below.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-49

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Income Taxes

The following table displays our deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities.

	As of December 31,
	2024		2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Deferred tax assets:
Mortgage and mortgage-related assets		$5,060		$5,944
Allowance for loan losses and basis in acquired property, net		1,392		1,571
Derivative instruments		291		766
Partnership and other equity investments		9		21
Interest-only securities		3,982		3,801
Other, net		749		617
Total deferred tax assets		11,483		12,720
Deferred tax liabilities:
Debt instruments		811		894
Valuation allowance		(127)		(145)
Deferred tax assets, net		$10,545		$11,681

11.  Segment Reporting

We have two reportable business segments, which are based on the type of business activities each perform: Single-

Family and Multifamily. Results of our two business segments are intended to reflect each segment as if it were a stand-

alone business. Ms. Almodovar, our President and CEO, is the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for our two

reportable business segments. The CODM uses both net revenues and income before federal income taxes, on a

quarterly basis, to assess the financial performance of the segments and for purposes of allocating resources. The

accounting policies of our two reportable business segments are the same as those described in “Note 1, Summary of

Significant Accounting Policies.”

The section below provides a discussion of our reportable business segments.

Single-Family Business Segment

•Works with lenders to acquire and securitize single-family mortgage loans delivered to us by lenders into

Fannie Mae MBS.

•Issues structured Fannie Mae MBS backed by single-family mortgage assets and provides other services to

single-family lenders.

•Prices and manages the credit risk on loans in our single-family guaranty book of business, which includes

establishing underwriting and servicing standards. Also enters into transactions that transfer a portion of the

credit risk on some of the loans in our single-family guaranty book of business to third parties.

•Works to reduce costs of defaulted single-family loans, including through forbearance plans, home retention

solutions, foreclosure alternatives, management of foreclosures and our REO inventory, selling nonperforming

loans and pursuing contractual remedies from lenders, servicers and providers of credit enhancements.

Multifamily Business Segment

•Works with lenders to acquire and securitize multifamily mortgage loans delivered to us by lenders into Fannie

Mae MBS.

•Issues structured multifamily Fannie Mae MBS through our Fannie Mae Guaranteed Multifamily Structures

(“Fannie Mae GeMSTM”) program and provides other services to our multifamily lenders.

•Prices and manages the credit risk on loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business, which includes

establishing underwriting and servicing standards. Lenders retain a portion of the credit risk in most multifamily

transactions.

•Enters into additional transactions that transfer a portion of the credit risk on some of the loans in our

multifamily guaranty book of business to third parties.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-50

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Segment Reporting

•Works to reduce costs of defaulted multifamily loans, including through loss mitigation strategies such as

forbearance and modification, management of foreclosures and our REO inventory, and pursuing contractual

remedies from lenders, servicers, borrowers, sponsors, and providers of credit enhancements.

Segment Allocations and Results

The majority of our assets, revenues and expenses are directly associated with each respective business segment and

are included in determining its asset balance and operating results. Those assets, revenues and expenses that are not

directly attributable to a particular business segment are allocated based on the size of each segment’s guaranty book

of business. As a result, the sum of each income statement line item for the two reportable segments is equal to that

same income statement line item for the consolidated entity. In addition, the sum of the total assets for the two

reportable segments is equal to the total assets of the consolidated entity.

The substantial majority of the gains and losses associated with our risk management derivatives, including the impact

of hedge accounting, are allocated to our Single-Family business segment. In the current period, there were no

significant changes to our segment allocation methodology.

The following table displays total assets by segment.

	As of December 31,
	2024	2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Single-Family	$3,823,840	$3,833,540
Multifamily	525,891	491,897
Total assets	$4,349,731	$4,325,437

We operate our business solely in the United States and its territories, and accordingly, we generate no revenue from

and have no long-lived assets, other than financial instruments, in geographic locations other than the United States

and its territories.

The following tables display our segment results.

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
	Single-Family	Multifamily	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Net interest income(1)	$24,130	$4,618	$28,748
Fee and other income(2)	245	76	321
Net revenues	24,375	4,694	29,069
Benefit (provision) for credit losses(3)	938	(752)	186
Fair value gains (losses), net(4)	1,745	76	1,821
Investment gains (losses), net(5)	(53)	15	(38)
Non-interest expense:
Administrative expenses(6)	(3,000)	(619)	(3,619)
Legislative assessments(7)	(3,719)	(47)	(3,766)
Credit enhancement expense(8)	(1,349)	(292)	(1,641)
Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries(9)	(134)	328	194
Other expenses, net(10)	(683)	(254)	(937)
Total non-interest expense	(8,885)	(884)	(9,769)
Income before federal income taxes	18,120	3,149	21,269
Provision for federal income taxes	(3,690)	(601)	(4,291)
Net income	$14,430	$2,548	$16,978

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-51

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Segment Reporting

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Single-Family	Multifamily	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Net interest income(1)	$24,229	$4,544	$28,773
Fee and other income(2)	205	70	275
Net revenues	24,434	4,614	29,048
Benefit (provision) for credit losses(3)	2,165	(495)	1,670
Fair value gains (losses), net(4)	1,231	73	1,304
Investment gains (losses), net(5)	(41)	(12)	(53)
Non-interest expense:
Administrative expenses(6)	(2,858)	(587)	(3,445)
Legislative assessments(7)	(3,699)	(46)	(3,745)
Credit enhancement expense(8)	(1,281)	(231)	(1,512)
Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries(9)	(310)	117	(193)
Other expenses, net(10)	(851)	(267)	(1,118)
Total non-interest expense	(8,999)	(1,014)	(10,013)
Income before federal income taxes	18,790	3,166	21,956
Provision for federal income taxes	(3,935)	(613)	(4,548)
Net income	$14,855	$2,553	$17,408

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Single-Family	Multifamily	Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Net interest income(1)	$24,736	$4,687	$29,423
Fee and other income(2)	224	88	312
Net revenues	24,960	4,775	29,735
Benefit (provision) for credit losses(3)	(5,029)	(1,248)	(6,277)
Fair value gains (losses), net(4)	1,364	(80)	1,284
Investment gains (losses), net(5)	(223)	(74)	(297)
Non-interest expense:
Administrative expenses(6)	(2,677)	(520)	(3,197)
Legislative assessments(7)	(3,739)	(49)	(3,788)
Credit enhancement expense(8)	(1,062)	(261)	(1,323)
Change in expected credit enhancement recoveries(9)	470	257	727
Other expenses, net(10)	(520)	(111)	(631)
Total non-interest expense	(7,528)	(684)	(8,212)
Income before federal income taxes	13,544	2,689	16,233
Provision for federal income taxes	(2,774)	(536)	(3,310)
Net income	$10,770	$2,153	$12,923

(1)Net interest income primarily consists of guaranty fees received as compensation for assuming the credit risk on loans underlying Fannie

Mae MBS held by third parties for the respective business segment, and the difference between the interest income earned on the

respective business segment’s assets in our retained mortgage portfolio and our corporate liquidity portfolio and the interest expense

associated with the debt funding those assets. Revenues from single-family guaranty fees include revenues generated by the 10 basis

point increase in guaranty fees pursuant to the TCCA, the incremental revenue from which is paid to Treasury and not retained by us. Also

includes yield maintenance revenue we recognized on the prepayment of multifamily loans.

(2)Single-family fee and other income primarily consists of compensation for engaging in structured transactions and providing other lender

services. Multifamily fee and other income consists of fees associated with certain Multifamily business activities, such as credit

enhancements for tax-exempt multifamily housing revenue bonds.

(3)Benefit (provision) for credit losses is based on loans underlying the segment’s guaranty book of business.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-52

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Segment Reporting

(4)Single-family fair value gains (losses) primarily consist of fair value gains and losses on risk management and mortgage commitment

derivatives, trading securities, fair value option debt, and other financial instruments associated with our single-family guaranty book of

business. Multifamily fair value gains (losses) primarily consist of fair value gains and losses on MBS commitment derivatives, trading

securities and other financial instruments associated with our multifamily guaranty book of business.

(5)Single-family investment gains (losses) primarily consist of gains and losses on the sale of mortgage assets. Multifamily investment gains

(losses) primarily consist of gains and losses on resecuritization activity.

(6)Consists of (1) salaries and employee benefits, and (2) professional services, technology and occupancy expenses.

(7)For single-family, consists of the portion of our single-family guaranty fees that is paid to Treasury pursuant to the TCCA, affordable

housing allocations and FHFA assessments. For multifamily, consists of the affordable housing allocations and FHFA assessments.

(8)Single-family credit enhancement expense consists of costs associated with our freestanding credit enhancements, which include primarily

costs associated with our CIRTTM, CAS and enterprise-paid mortgage insurance (“EPMI”) programs. Multifamily credit enhancement

expense primarily consists of costs associated with our Multifamily CIRTTM (“MCIRTTM”) and Multifamily CAS (“MCASTM“) programs as well

as amortization expense for certain lender risk-sharing programs. Excludes CAS transactions accounted for as debt instruments and credit

risk transfer programs accounted for as derivative instruments.

(9)Consists of change in benefits recognized from our freestanding credit enhancements, primarily from our CAS and CIRT programs, as well

as certain lender risk-sharing arrangements, including our multifamily DUS® program.

(10)Consists of debt extinguishment gains and losses, expenses associated with legal claims, foreclosed property income (expense), gains

and losses from partnership investments, loan subservicing costs, and servicer fees paid in connection with certain loss mitigation

activities.

12.  Equity

Senior Preferred Stock

Liquidation Preference

There were one million shares of the senior preferred stock authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31,

2024 and 2023. Shares of the senior preferred stock have no par value and have a stated value and initial liquidation

preference equal to $1,000 per share, for an aggregate initial liquidation preference of $1 billion. The senior preferred

stock is non-participating and non-voting.

Under the terms that currently govern the senior preferred stock, the aggregate liquidation preference will be increased

by the following:

•any amounts Treasury pays to us pursuant to its funding commitment under the agreement (as of the date of

this filing, the cumulative amount Treasury has paid to us under its funding commitment is $119.8 billion);

•any quarterly commitment fees that are payable but not paid by us (no such fees have become payable, nor will

such fees be set until the capital reserve end date, as defined in “Note 2, Conservatorship, Senior Preferred

Stock Purchase Agreement and Related Matters”);

•any senior preferred stock dividends that are payable but not paid to Treasury, regardless of whether or not

they are declared; and

•for each fiscal quarter through and including the capital reserve end date, an amount equal to the increase in

our net worth, if any, during the immediately prior fiscal quarter.

The aggregate liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock was $212.0 billion as of December 31, 2024 and will

further increase to $216.1 billion as of March 31, 2025, due to the $4.1 billion increase in our net worth during the fourth

quarter of 2024.

The senior preferred stock ranks ahead of our common stock and our preferred stock as to both dividends and rights

upon liquidation. As a result, if we are liquidated, the holder of the senior preferred stock is entitled to its then-current

liquidation preference before any distributions are made to the holders of other equity securities.

Dividend Provisions

Treasury, as the holder of the senior preferred stock, is entitled to receive, when, as and if declared, out of legally

available funds, cumulative quarterly cash dividends. The dividends we have paid to Treasury on the senior preferred

stock were declared by, and paid at the direction of, our conservator. Dividend payments we make to Treasury do not

restore or increase the amount of Treasury’s funding commitment under the agreement.

We are currently not required to pay or accumulate new dividends to Treasury until our net worth exceeds the amount of

adjusted total capital necessary for us to meet the capital requirements and buffers set forth in the enterprise regulatory

capital framework. Our net worth is the amount, if any, by which our total assets (excluding Treasury’s funding

commitment and any unfunded amounts related to the commitment) exceed our total liabilities (excluding any obligation

with respect to equity securities). After the capital reserve end date, the quarterly dividends due to Treasury under the

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-53

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Equity

senior preferred stock will be the lesser of (i) any quarterly increase in our net worth, and (ii) a 10% annual rate on the

then-current liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock (or 12% if we fail to pay dividends to Treasury).

We had no dividends declared or paid on the senior preferred stock for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or

2022.

Limitations on Redemption and Paydown of Liquidation Preference; Requirement to Pay Net Proceeds of Capital

Stock Issuances to Reduce Liquidation Preference

We are not permitted to redeem or retire the senior preferred stock prior to the termination of Treasury’s funding

commitment under the agreement. Moreover, we are not permitted to reduce or pay down the liquidation preference of

the senior preferred stock out of regular corporate funds except to the extent of (1) accumulated and unpaid dividends

previously added to the liquidation preference; and (2) quarterly commitment fees previously added to the liquidation

preference. While the senior preferred stock remains outstanding, we are required to use the net cash proceeds of

issuances of equity securities to pay down the liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock; however, we are

permitted to retain up to $70 billion in aggregate gross cash proceeds from issuances of common stock. The liquidation

preference of the senior preferred stock may not be paid down below $1,000 per share prior to the termination of

Treasury’s funding commitment. After termination, we may fully pay down the liquidation preference of the senior

preferred stock.

Common Stock Warrant

On September 7, 2008, we, through FHFA in its capacity as conservator, issued to Treasury a warrant to purchase, at a

nominal price of $0.00001, shares of our common stock equal to 79.9% of the total number of shares of our common

stock outstanding on a fully diluted basis on the date the warrant is exercised. The warrant may be exercised in whole

or in part at any time on or before September 7, 2028.

If the market price of one share of common stock is greater than the exercise price, in lieu of exercising the warrant by

payment of the exercise price, Treasury may elect to receive shares equal to the value of the warrant (or portion thereof

being canceled) pursuant to the formula specified in the warrant. Upon exercise of the warrant, Treasury may assign the

right to receive the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise to any other person. If the warrant is exercised, the

stated value of the common stock issued will be reclassified as “Common stock” in our consolidated balance sheets. As

of February 14, 2025, Treasury has not exercised the warrant.

We recorded the warrant at fair value in our stockholders’ equity as a component of additional paid-in-capital. The fair

value of the warrant was calculated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. Since the warrant has an exercise

price of $0.00001 per share, the model is insensitive to the risk-free rate and volatility assumptions used in the

calculation and the share value of the warrant is equal to the price of the underlying common stock. We estimated that

the fair value of the warrant at issuance was $3.5 billion based on the price of our common stock on September 8, 2008,

which was after the dilutive effect of the warrant had been reflected in the market price. Subsequent changes in the fair

value of the warrant are not recognized in our financial statements.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-54

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Equity

Preferred Stock

The following table displays our preferred stock outstanding.

		Authorized, Issued and Outstanding as of December 31,					Annual Dividend Rate as of December 31, 2024
		2024		2023		Stated Value per Share
Title	Issue Date	Shares	Amount	Shares	Amount				Redeemable on or After
(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)
Series D	September 30, 1998	3	$150	3	$150	$50	5.250%		September 30, 1999
Series E	April 15, 1999	3	150	3	150	50	5.100		April 15, 2004
Series F	March 20, 2000	14	690	14	690	50	4.482	(1)	March 31, 2002	(2)
Series G	August 8, 2000	6	288	6	288	50	3.368	(3)	September 30, 2002	(2)
Series H	April 6, 2001	8	400	8	400	50	5.810		April 6, 2006
Series I	October 28, 2002	6	300	6	300	50	5.375		October 28, 2007
Series L	April 29, 2003	7	345	7	345	50	5.125		April 29, 2008
Series M	June 10, 2003	9	460	9	460	50	4.750		June 10, 2008
Series N	September 25, 2003	5	225	5	225	50	5.500		September 25, 2008
Series O	December 30, 2004	50	2,500	50	2,500	50	7.000	(4)	December 31, 2007
Convertible Series 2004-I(5)	December 30, 2004	—	2,492	—	2,492	100,000	5.375		January 5, 2008
Series P	September 28, 2007	40	1,000	40	1,000	25	5.340	(6)	September 30, 2012
Series Q	October 4, 2007	15	375	15	375	25	6.750		September 30, 2010
Series R(7)	November 21, 2007	21	530	21	530	25	7.625		November 21, 2012
Series S	December 11, 2007	280	7,000	280	7,000	25	8.820	(8)	December 31, 2010	(9)
Series T(10)	May 19, 2008	89	2,225	89	2,225	25	8.250		May 20, 2013
Total		556	$19,130	556	$19,130

(1)Rate effective March 31, 2024. Variable dividend rate resets every two years at a per annum rate equal to the two-year Constant Maturity

U.S. Treasury Rate (“CMT”) minus 0.16% with a cap of 11% per year.

(2)Represents initial call date. Redeemable every two years thereafter.

(3)Rate effective September 30, 2024. Variable dividend rate resets every two years at a per annum rate equal to the two-year CMT rate

minus 0.18% with a cap of 11% per year.

(4)Rate effective December 31, 2024. Variable dividend rate resets quarterly thereafter at a per annum rate equal to the greater of 7% or 10-

year CMT rate plus 2.375%.

(5)Issued and outstanding shares were 24,922 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(6)Rate effective December 31, 2024. In accordance with the Federal Reserve Board’s Regulation ZZ implementing the Adjustable Interest

Rate (LIBOR) Act (“Regulation ZZ”), for quarterly periods beginning after June 30, 2023, the quarterly dividend resets at a per annum rate

equal to the greater of 4.50% or the sum of 3-month CME Term SOFR plus 0.26161% plus 0.75%.

(7)On November 21, 2007, we issued 20 million shares of preferred stock in the amount of $500 million. Subsequent to the initial issuance,

we issued an additional 1.2 million shares in the amount of $30 million on December 14, 2007 under the same terms as the initial

issuance.

(8)Rate effective December 31, 2024. In accordance with Regulation ZZ, for quarterly periods beginning after June 30, 2023, the quarterly

dividend resets at a per annum rate equal to the greater of 7.75% or the sum of 3-month CME Term SOFR plus 0.26161% plus 4.23%.

(9)Represents initial call date. Redeemable every five years thereafter.

(10)On May 19, 2008, we issued 80 million shares of preferred stock in the amount of $2 billion. Subsequent to the initial issuance, we issued

an additional 8 million shares in the amount of $200 million on May 22, 2008 and 1 million shares in the amount of $25 million on June 4,

2008 under the same terms as the initial issuance.

The preferred stock ranks junior to the senior preferred stock as to both dividends and distributions upon dissolution,

liquidation or winding down of the company. Each series of our preferred stock has no par value, is non-participating, is

non-voting and has a liquidation preference equal to the stated value per share.

Holders of preferred stock are entitled to receive non-cumulative, quarterly dividends when, and if, declared by our

Board of Directors, but have no right to require redemption of any shares of preferred stock. Payment of dividends on

preferred stock is not mandatory but has priority over payment of dividends on common stock, which are also declared

by the Board of Directors. If dividends on the preferred stock are not paid or set aside for payment for a given dividend

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-55

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Equity

period, dividends may not be paid on our common stock for that period. The senior preferred stock purchase agreement

prohibits the payment of dividends on preferred stock without the prior written consent of Treasury, and the conservator

has separately confirmed the elimination of such dividends. In addition, FHFA’s regulations relating to conservatorship

and receivership operations prohibit us from paying any dividends while in conservatorship unless authorized by the

FHFA Director. As such, we had no dividends declared or paid on the preferred stock for the years ended December 31,

2024, 2023 or 2022.

After a specified period, we have the option to redeem preferred stock at its redemption price plus the dividend (whether

or not declared) for the then-current period accrued to, but excluding, the date of redemption. The redemption price is

equal to the stated value for all issues of preferred stock except Series O, which has a redemption price of $50 to

$52.50 depending on the year of redemption and Convertible Series 2004-1, which has a redemption price of $105,000

per share.

None of our preferred stock is convertible into or exchangeable for any of our other stock or obligations, with the

exception of the Convertible Series 2004-1 which are convertible at any time, at the option of the holders, into shares of

Fannie Mae common stock at a conversion price of $94.31 per share of common stock (equivalent to a conversion rate

of 1,060.3329 shares of common stock for each share of Series 2004-1 Preferred Stock). The conversion price is

adjustable, as necessary, to maintain the stated conversion rate into common stock. Events which may trigger an

adjustment to the conversion price include certain changes in our common stock dividend rate, subdivisions of our

outstanding common stock into a greater number of shares, combinations of our outstanding common stock into a

smaller number of shares and issuances of any shares by reclassification of our common stock. No such events have

occurred.

Our preferred stock is traded in the over-the-counter market.

Common Stock

The common stock ranks junior to the senior preferred stock and the preferred stock as to both dividends and

distributions upon dissolution, liquidation or winding down of the company. Shares of common stock outstanding, net of

shares held as treasury stock, totaled 1.2 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

During conservatorship, the rights and powers of stockholders are suspended. Accordingly, our common stockholders

have no ability to elect directors or to vote on other matters during the conservatorship unless FHFA elects to delegate

this authority to them. In addition, we issued a warrant to Treasury that provides Treasury with the right to purchase for a

nominal price shares of our common stock equal to 79.9% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding

on a fully diluted basis on the date of exercise, which would substantially dilute the ownership in Fannie Mae of our

common stockholders at the time of exercise. Refer to the “Senior Preferred Stock” and “Common Stock Warrant”

sections of this note for more information.

The senior preferred stock purchase agreement prohibits the payment of dividends on common stock without the prior

written consent of Treasury and the conservator has separately confirmed the elimination of such dividends. In addition,

FHFA’s regulations relating to conservatorship and receivership operations prohibit us from paying any dividends while

in conservatorship unless authorized by the FHFA Director. As such, we had no dividends declared or paid on the

common stock for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.

Earnings per Share

Earnings per share (“EPS”) is presented for basic and diluted EPS. However, as a result of our conservatorship status

and the terms of the senior preferred stock, no amounts would be available to distribute as dividends to common or

preferred stockholders (other than to Treasury as the holder of the senior preferred stock).

We compute basic EPS by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of

shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Net income attributable to common stockholders excludes

amounts attributable to the senior preferred stock because such amounts increase the liquidation preference of the

senior preferred stock and therefore are required to be excluded from basic EPS. See further information on the senior

preferred stock above in “Senior Preferred Stock.”

The calculation of diluted EPS includes all the components of basic earnings per share, plus the dilutive effect of

common stock equivalents such as convertible securities and stock options. Weighted-average common shares

outstanding is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the

dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Our diluted EPS weighted-average common shares outstanding

includes 26 million shares of convertible preferred stock for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

During periods in which a net loss attributable to common stockholders has been incurred, potential common equivalent

shares outstanding are not included in the calculation because it would have an anti-dilutive effect.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-56

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Equity

We include the shares of common stock that would be issuable upon full exercise of the common stock warrant in the

weighted average shares of outstanding for the computation of both basic and diluted earnings per share because the

warrant’s exercise prices per share is considered non-substantive (compared to the market price of our common stock)

and therefore was determined to have characteristics of non-voting common stock. For the years ended December 31,

2024, 2023 and 2022, the common stock warrant added 4.7 billion shares to weighted average common shares

outstanding.

13.  Regulatory Capital Requirements

The enterprise regulatory capital framework went into effect in February 2021; however, we are not required to hold

capital according to the framework’s requirements until the date of termination of our conservatorship, or such later date

as may be ordered by FHFA.

The enterprise regulatory capital framework establishes requirements under the standardized approach related to the

amount and form of capital we must hold, including supplemental leverage and risk-based minimum capital

requirements based largely on definitions of capital used in U.S. banking regulators’ regulatory capital framework.

Additionally, the enterprise regulatory capital framework includes a requirement that we hold prescribed capital buffers

that can be drawn down in periods of financial stress. In general, once we are required to be in compliance with the

capital buffers, if our capital levels fall below the prescribed buffer amounts, we must restrict capital distributions, such

as stock repurchases and dividends, as well as discretionary bonus payments to executives, until the buffer amounts

are restored.

Risk-Based Capital Requirements

Under the risk-based capital requirements, we must maintain common equity tier 1 capital, tier 1 capital, and adjusted

total capital equal to at least 4.5%, 6.0%, and 8.0%, respectively, of risk-weighted assets. We are required to hold

common equity tier 1 capital that exceeds the risk-based capital requirements by at least the amount of the prescribed

capital conservation buffer amount (“PCCBA”) in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions and discretionary

bonus payments tied to executive compensation. The PCCBA is comprised of the following three components:

•A stability capital buffer, which is based on our share of mortgage debt outstanding, and the calculation to

determine the buffer is made on annual basis. The stability capital buffer will be updated based on this

calculation with an effective date that depends on whether it increases or decreases relative to the previously

calculated value.

•A stress capital buffer, which is calculated by multiplying prescribed factors by adjusted total assets as of the

last day of the previous calendar quarter.

•A countercyclical capital buffer, which is currently set at 0.0% of our adjusted total assets. FHFA indicated in the

adopting release for the enterprise regulatory capital framework rule that it will adjust the countercyclical capital

buffer taking into account the macro-financial environment in which we operate, such that the buffer would be

deployed only when excess aggregate credit growth is judged to be associated with a build-up of system-wide

risk.

Leverage Capital Requirements

Under the leverage capital requirement, we must maintain tier 1 capital equal to at least 2.5% of adjusted total assets.

The prescribed leverage buffer amount (“PLBA”) represents the amount of tier 1 capital we are required to hold above

the minimum tier 1 leverage capital requirement in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions and discretionary

bonus payments tied to executive compensation. The PLBA for 2024 was set at 50% of the stability capital buffer.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-57

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Regulatory Capital Requirements

The table below sets forth information about our capital requirements under the standardized approach of the enterprise

regulatory capital framework.

Capital Metrics under the Enterprise Regulatory Capital Framework as of December 31, 2024(1)
(Dollars in billions)
Adjusted total assets		$4,460
Risk-weighted assets		1,364
		Amounts			Ratios
		Available Capital (Deficit)(2)	Minimum Capital Requirement	Total Capital Requirement (including Buffers)(3)	Available Capital (Deficit) Ratio	Minimum Capital Ratio Requirement	Total Capital Requirement Ratio (including Buffers)
Risk-based capital:
	Total capital (statutory)(4)	$(18)	$109	$109	(1.3)%	8.0%	8.0%
	Common equity tier 1 capital	(56)	61	142	(4.1)	4.5	10.4
	Tier 1 capital	(37)	82	163	(2.7)	6.0	11.9
	Adjusted total capital	(37)	109	190	(2.7)	8.0	13.9
Leverage capital:
	Core capital (statutory)(5)	(26)	111	111	(0.6)	2.5	2.5
	Tier 1 capital	(37)	111	135	(0.8)	2.5	3.0

Capital Metrics under the Enterprise Regulatory Capital Framework as of December 31, 2023(1)
(Dollars in billions)
Adjusted total assets		$4,552
Risk-weighted assets		1,357
		Amounts			Ratios
		Available Capital (Deficit)(2)	Minimum Capital Requirement	Total Capital Requirement (including Buffers)(3)	Available Capital (Deficit) Ratio	Minimum Capital Ratio Requirement	Total Capital Requirement Ratio (including Buffers)
Risk-based capital:
	Total capital (statutory)(4)	$(34)	$109	$109	(2.5)%	8.0%	8.0%
	Common equity tier 1 capital	(74)	61	140	(5.5)	4.5	10.3
	Tier 1 capital	(55)	81	160	(4.1)	6.0	11.8
	Adjusted total capital	(55)	109	188	(4.1)	8.0	13.9
Leverage capital:
	Core capital (statutory)(5)	(43)	114	114	(0.9)	2.5	2.5
	Tier 1 capital	(55)	114	137	(1.2)	2.5	3.0

(1)Ratios are calculated as a percentage of risk-weighted assets for risk-based capital metrics and as a percentage of adjusted total assets

for leverage capital metrics.

(2)Available capital deficit for all line items excludes the stated value of the senior preferred stock ($120.8 billion).

(3)PCCBA for risk-based capital and PLBA for leverage capital.

(4)The sum of (a) core capital (see definition in footnote 5 below); and (b) a general allowance for foreclosure losses.

(5)The sum of (a) the stated value of our outstanding common stock (common stock less treasury stock); (b) the stated value of our

outstanding perpetual, noncumulative preferred stock; (c) our paid-in capital; and (d) our retained earnings (accumulated deficit).

Restrictions on Capital Distributions, including Dividends

Statutory Restrictions. Under the GSE Act, FHFA has authority to prohibit capital distributions, including payment of

dividends, if we fail to meet our capital requirements. If FHFA classifies us as significantly undercapitalized, the approval

of the FHFA Director is required for any dividend payment. Under the Charter Act and the GSE Act, we are not permitted

to make a capital distribution if, after making the distribution, we would be undercapitalized. The FHFA Director,

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-58

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Regulatory Capital Requirements

however, may permit us to repurchase shares if the repurchase is made in connection with the issuance of additional

shares or obligations in at least an equivalent amount and will reduce our financial obligations or otherwise improve our

financial condition.

Restrictions Relating to Conservatorship and Under Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement. Consistent with the

prohibition on the payment of dividends in the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, the conservator eliminated

dividends on our common and preferred stock (other than the senior preferred stock issued to the U.S. Department of

Treasury described below) during the conservatorship. For additional information on the dividend provisions for our

equity instruments and the restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, see “Note 12, Equity.”

Restrictions Under Enterprise Regulatory Capital Framework. The enterprise regulatory capital framework rule

establishes prior notice and approval requirements for capital distributions. In addition, while not currently applicable,

our payment of dividends and capital distributions will be subject to the following restrictions under the enterprise

regulatory capital framework effective on the date of termination of our conservatorship:

During a calendar quarter, we will not be permitted to pay dividends or make any other capital distributions (or create an

obligation to make such distributions) that, in the aggregate, exceed the amount equal to our eligible retained income for

the quarter multiplied by our maximum payout ratio. The maximum payout ratio for a given quarter is the lowest of the

payout ratios determined by our capital conservation buffer and our leverage buffer. We will not be subject to this

limitation on distributions if we have a capital conservation buffer that is greater than our prescribed capital conservation

buffer amount and a leverage buffer that is greater than our prescribed leverage buffer amount. Notwithstanding the

above-described limitations, FHFA may permit us to make a distribution upon our request, if FHFA determines that the

distribution would not be contrary to the purposes of this section of the enterprise regulatory capital framework or to our

safety and soundness. We will not be permitted to make any distributions during a quarter if our eligible retained income

is negative and either (a) our capital conservation buffer is less than our stress capital buffer or (b) our leverage buffer is

less than our prescribed leverage buffer amount.

14.  Concentrations of Credit Risk

Concentrations of credit risk arise when a number of lenders and counterparties engage in similar activities or have

similar economic characteristics that make them susceptible to similar changes in industry conditions, which could affect

their ability to meet their contractual obligations. Based on our assessment of business conditions that could impact our

financial results, we have determined that concentrations of credit risk exist among:

•single-family and multifamily borrowers (including geographic concentrations and loans with certain higher-risk

characteristics);

•mortgage insurers;

•mortgage lenders that sell loans to us and mortgage lenders and other counterparties that service our loans;

•multifamily lenders with risk sharing; and

•derivative counterparties.

Concentrations for each of these groups are discussed below.

Single-Family Loan Borrowers

Regional economic conditions may affect a borrower’s ability to repay a mortgage loan and the property value

underlying the loan. Geographic concentrations increase the exposure of our guaranty book of business to changes in

credit risk. Our single-family allowance is primarily affected by home prices and interest rates.

To manage credit risk and comply with our charter requirements, we typically require primary mortgage insurance or

other credit enhancements if the current LTV ratio (i.e., the ratio of the unpaid principal balance of a loan to the current

value of the property that serves as collateral) of a single-family conventional mortgage loan is greater than 80% when

the loan is delivered to us.

Multifamily Loan Borrowers

Numerous factors affect a multifamily borrower’s ability to repay the loan and the value of the property underlying the

loan. Multifamily loans are generally non-recourse to the borrower. The most significant factors affecting credit risk are

rental income, property valuations, and general economic conditions. The average unpaid principal balance for

multifamily loans is significantly larger than for single-family borrowers and, therefore, individual defaults for multifamily

borrowers can result in more significant losses. We continually monitor the performance and risk characteristics of our

multifamily loans, underlying properties and borrowers on an ongoing basis.

As part of our multifamily risk management activities, we perform detailed loan reviews that evaluate property

performance, borrower and geographic concentrations, lender qualifications, counterparty risk and contract compliance.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-59

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Concentrations of Credit Risk

We generally require mortgage servicers to obtain and submit periodic property operating information and condition

reviews, allowing us to monitor the performance of individual loans. We use this information to evaluate the credit

quality of our portfolio, identify potential problem loans and initiate appropriate loss mitigation activities.

Geographic Concentration

The following table displays the regional geographic concentration of single-family and multifamily loans in our guaranty

book of business, measured by the unpaid principal balance of the loans.

	Geographic Concentration(1)
	Percentage of Single- Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business						Percentage of Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business
	As of December 31,						As of December 31,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Midwest		14	%		14	%		12	%		12	%
Northeast		16			16			15			15
Southeast		23			23			27			27
Southwest		19			19			22			22
West		28			28			24			24
Total		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%

(1)Midwest consists of IL, IN, IA, MI, MN, NE, ND, OH, SD and WI. Northeast consists of CT, DE, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, PR, RI, VT and

VI. Southeast consists of AL, DC, FL, GA, KY, MD, MS, NC, SC, TN, VA and WV. Southwest consists of AZ, AR, CO, KS, LA, MO, NM, OK,

TX and UT. West consists of AK, CA, GU, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, WA and WY.

Risk Characteristics of our Guaranty Book of Business

One of the measures by which management gauges our credit risk is the delinquency status of the mortgage loans in

our guaranty book of business.

For single-family and multifamily loans, management uses this information, in conjunction with housing market data,

other economic data, our capital requirements and our mission objectives, to help inform changes to our eligibility and

underwriting criteria. Management also uses this data together with other credit risk measures to identify key trends that

guide the development of our loss mitigation strategies.

We report the delinquency status of our single-family and multifamily guaranty book of business below.

Single-Family Credit Risk Characteristics

For single-family loans, management monitors the serious delinquency rate, which is the percentage of single-family

loans, based on number of loans, that are 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process, and loans that have

higher risk characteristics, such as high mark-to-market LTV ratios.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-60

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Concentrations of Credit Risk

The following tables display the delinquency status and serious delinquency rates for specified loan categories of our

single-family conventional guaranty book of business.

	As of December 31,
	2024			2023
	30 Days Delinquent	60 Days Delinquent	Seriously Delinquent(1)	30 Days Delinquent	60 Days Delinquent	Seriously Delinquent(1)
Percentage of single-family conventional guaranty book of business based on UPB	1.00%	0.28%	0.60%	0.98%	0.24%	0.56%
Percentage of single-family conventional loans based on loan count	1.05	0.29	0.56	1.06	0.26	0.55

	As of December 31,
	2024		2023
	Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business Based on UPB	Seriously Delinquent Rate(1)	Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business Based on UPB	Seriously Delinquent Rate(1)
Estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio:
80.01% to 90%	6%	0.97%	5%	0.81%
90.01% to 100%	3	0.77	3	0.59
Greater than 100%	*	2.82	*	2.05
Geographical distribution:
California	19	0.41	19	0.42
Florida	6	0.96	6	0.73
Illinois	3	0.69	3	0.70
New York	4	0.79	5	0.92
Texas	8	0.73	7	0.64
All other states	60	0.51	60	0.52

*Represents less than 0.5% of single-family conventional book of business.

(1)Based on loan count, consists of single-family conventional loans that were 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process as of

December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Multifamily Credit Risk Characteristics

For multifamily loans, management monitors the serious delinquency rate, which is the percentage of multifamily loans,

based on unpaid principal balance, that are 60 days or more past due, and loans with other higher risk characteristics to

determine the overall credit quality of our multifamily book of business. Higher risk characteristics include, but are not

limited to, current DSCR below 1.0 and original LTV ratio greater than 80%. We stratify multifamily loans into different

internal risk categories based on the credit risk inherent in each individual loan.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-61

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Concentrations of Credit Risk

The following tables display the delinquency status and serious delinquency rates for specified loan categories of our

multifamily guaranty book of business.

	As of December 31,
	2024(1)		2023(1)
	30 Days Delinquent	Seriously Delinquent(2)	30 Days Delinquent	Seriously Delinquent(2)
Percentage of multifamily guaranty book of business	0.10%	0.57%	0.10%	0.46%

	As of December 31,
	2024		2023
	Percentage of Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business(1)	Serious Delinquency Rate(2)(3)	Percentage of Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business(1)	Serious Delinquency Rate(2)(3)
Original LTV ratio:
Greater than 80%	1%	0.12%	1%	0.13%
Less than or equal to 80%	99	0.58	99	0.46
Current DSCR below 1.0(4)	6	4.94	4	7.04

(1)Calculated based on the aggregate unpaid principal balance of multifamily loans for each category divided by the aggregate unpaid

principal balance of loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business.

(2)Consists of multifamily loans that were 60 days or more past due as of the dates indicated.

(3)Calculated based on the unpaid principal balance of multifamily loans that were seriously delinquent divided by the aggregate unpaid

principal balance of multifamily loans for each category included in our multifamily guaranty book of business.

(4)Our estimates of current DSCRs are based on the latest available income information covering a 12 month period, from quarterly and

annual statements for these properties including the related debt service.

Other Concentrations

Mortgage Insurers. Mortgage insurance “risk in force” refers to our maximum potential loss recovery under the

applicable mortgage insurance policies in force and is generally based on the loan-level insurance coverage percentage

and, if applicable, any aggregate pool loss limit, as specified in the policy.

The following table displays our total mortgage insurance risk in force by primary and pool insurance, as well as the total

risk-in-force mortgage insurance coverage as a percentage of the single-family conventional guaranty book of business.

	As of December 31,
	2024		2023
	Risk in Force - Mortgage Insurance	Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business	Risk in Force - Mortgage Insurance	Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business
	(Dollars in millions)
Mortgage insurance risk in force:
Primary mortgage insurance	$202,277		$200,023
Pool mortgage insurance	53		98
Total mortgage insurance risk in force	$202,330	6%	$200,121	6%

Mortgage insurance only covers losses that are realized after the borrower defaults and title to the property is

subsequently transferred, such as after a foreclosure, short-sale, or a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. Also, mortgage

insurance does not protect us from all losses on covered loans. For example, mortgage insurance is not intended to

cover property damage from hazards, including natural disasters; and the mortgage insurance policy permits the

exclusion of any material loss directly related to property damage.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-62

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Concentrations of Credit Risk

The table below displays our mortgage insurer counterparties that provided 10% or more of the risk in force mortgage

insurance coverage on mortgage loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business.

	Percentage of Risk-in-Force Coverage by Mortgage Insurer
	As of December 31,
	2024	2023
Counterparty:(1)
Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corp.	19%	19%
Radian Guaranty, Inc.	18	18
Arch Capital Group Ltd.	17	18
Enact Mortgage Insurance Corp.	17	16
Essent Guaranty, Inc.	16	16
National Mortgage Insurance Corp.	13	13
Total	100%	100%

(1)Insurance coverage amounts provided for each counterparty may include coverage provided by affiliates and subsidiaries of the

counterparty.

We have counterparty credit risk relating to the potential insolvency of, or non-performance by, monoline mortgage

insurers that insure single-family loans we purchase or guarantee. There is risk that these counterparties may fail to

fulfill their obligations to pay our claims under insurance policies. On at least a quarterly basis, we assess our mortgage

insurer counterparties’ respective abilities to fulfill their obligations to us. Our assessment includes financial reviews and

analyses of the insurers’ portfolios and capital adequacy. If we determine that it is probable that we will not collect all of

our claims from one or more of our mortgage insurer counterparties, it could increase our loss reserves, which could

adversely affect our results of operations, liquidity, financial condition and net worth.

When we estimate the credit losses that are inherent in our mortgage loans and under the terms of our guaranty

obligations, we also consider the recoveries that we expect to receive from primary mortgage insurance, as mortgage

insurance recoveries reduce the severity of the loss associated with defaulted loans if the borrower defaults and title to

the property is subsequently transferred. Mortgage insurance does not cover credit losses that result from a reduction in

mortgage interest paid by the borrower in connection with a loan modification, forbearance of principal, or forbearance

of scheduled loan payments. We evaluate the financial condition of our mortgage insurer counterparties and adjust the

contractually due recovery amounts to ensure that expected credit losses as of the balance sheet date are included in

our loss reserve estimate. As a result, if our assessment of one or more of our mortgage insurer counterparties’ ability to

fulfill their respective obligations to us worsens, it could increase our loss reserves. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023,

our estimated benefit from mortgage insurance, which is based on estimated credit losses as of period end, reduced our

loss reserves by $1.0 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively.

When an insured loan held in our retained mortgage portfolio subsequently goes into foreclosure, we charge off the

loan, eliminating any previously-recorded loss reserves, and record REO and a mortgage insurance receivable for the

claim proceeds deemed probable of recovery, as appropriate. However, if a mortgage insurer rescinds, cancels or

denies insurance coverage, the initial receivable becomes due from the mortgage seller or servicer. We had outstanding

receivables of $472 million recorded in “Other assets” in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and

$471 million as of December 31, 2023 related to amounts claimed on insured, defaulted loans excluding government-

insured loans. We assessed these outstanding receivables for collectability, and established a valuation allowance of

$403 million as of December 31, 2024 and $417 million as of December 31, 2023, which reduced our claim receivable

to the amount considered probable of collection.

Mortgage Servicers and Sellers. Mortgage servicers collect mortgage and escrow payments from borrowers, pay taxes

and insurance costs from escrow accounts, monitor and report delinquencies, and perform other required activities,

including loss mitigation, on our behalf. Our mortgage servicers and sellers may also be obligated to repurchase loans

or foreclosed properties, reimburse us for losses or provide other remedies under certain circumstances, such as if it is

determined that the mortgage loan did not meet our underwriting or eligibility requirements, if certain loan

representations and warranties are violated or if mortgage insurers rescind coverage. Our representation and warranty

framework does not require repurchase for loans that have breaches of certain selling representations and warranties if

they have met specified criteria for relief.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-63

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Concentrations of Credit Risk

Our business with mortgage servicers is concentrated. The table below displays the percentage of our single-family

conventional guaranty book of business serviced by our top five depository single-family mortgage servicers and top five

non-depository single-family mortgage servicers (i.e., servicers that are not insured depository institutions) based on

unpaid principal balance. There were no servicers that serviced 10% or more of our single-family guaranty book of

business as of December 31, 2024 or 2023.

	Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business
	As of December 31,
	2024	2023
Top five depository servicers	21%	22%
Top five non-depository servicers	30	27
Total	51%	49%

As of December 31, 2024, 42% of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business was serviced by depository

servicers, and 58% of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business was serviced by non-depository

servicers. As of December 31, 2023, 44% of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business was serviced by

depository servicers, and 56% of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business was serviced by non-

depository servicers.

The table below displays the percentage of our multifamily guaranty book of business serviced by our top five

depository multifamily mortgage servicers and top five non-depository multifamily mortgage servicers. As of December

31, 2024, one servicer serviced 10% or more of our multifamily guaranty book of business, Walker & Dunlop, Inc. As of

December 31, 2024, Walker & Dunlop, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (together with its affiliates) serviced 14% and

9%, respectively, of our multifamily guaranty book of business based on unpaid principal balance, compared with 13%

and 10% as of December 31, 2023. Walker & Dunlop, Inc. is a non-depository servicer and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. is a

depository servicer.

	Percentage of Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business
	As of December 31,
	2024	2023
Top five depository servicers	26%	27%
Top five non-depository servicers	44	44
Total	70%	71%

As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, 31% of our multifamily guaranty book of business was serviced by

depository servicers and 69% of our multifamily guaranty book of business was serviced by non-depository servicers.

Compared with depository financial institutions, our non-depository servicers pose additional risks because they may

not have the same financial strength or operational capacity, or be subject to the same level of regulatory oversight as

depository financial institutions.

Multifamily Lenders with Risk Sharing. We enter into risk sharing agreements with lenders pursuant to which the lenders

agree to bear all or some portion of the credit losses on the covered loans. Our maximum potential loss recovery from

lenders under these risk sharing agreements on both DUS and non-DUS multifamily loans was $119.8 billion as of

December 31, 2024, compared with $111.9 billion as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2024 and December

31, 2023, 52% of our maximum potential loss recovery on multifamily loans was from five DUS lenders.

Derivatives Counterparties. For information on credit risk associated with our derivative transactions and repurchase

agreements see “Note 9, Derivative Instruments” and “Note 15, Netting Arrangements.”

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-64

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Netting Arrangements

15.  Netting Arrangements

We use master netting arrangements, which allow us to offset certain financial instruments and collateral with the same

counterparty, to minimize counterparty credit exposure. The tables below display information related to derivatives and

securities purchased under agreements to resell, which are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or

similar agreement that are either offset or not offset in our consolidated balance sheets.

	As of December 31, 2024
		Gross Amount Offset(1)	Net Amount Presented in our Consolidated Balance Sheets		Amounts Not Offset in our Consolidated Balance Sheets
	Gross Amount				Financial Instruments(2)	Collateral(3)		Net Amount
	(Dollars in millions)
Assets:
OTC risk management derivatives	$401	$(383)	$18		$—		$—	$18
Cleared risk management derivatives	—	21	21		—		—	21
Mortgage commitment derivatives	112	—	112		(91)		(14)	7
Total derivative assets	513	(362)	151	(4)	(91)		(14)	46
Securities purchased under agreements to resell(5)	56,250	—	56,250		—		(56,250)	—
Total assets	$56,763	$(362)	$56,401		$(91)		$(56,264)	$46

Liabilities:
OTC risk management derivatives	$(2,368)	$2,368	$—		$—	$—	$—
Cleared risk management derivatives	—	(1)	(1)		—	1	—
Mortgage commitment derivatives	(137)	—	(137)		91	9	(37)
Total liabilities	$(2,505)	$2,367	$(138)	(4)	$91	$10	$(37)

	As of December 31, 2023
		Gross Amount Offset(1)	Net Amount Presented in our Consolidated Balance Sheets		Amounts Not Offset in our Consolidated Balance Sheets
	Gross Amount				Financial Instruments(2)	Collateral(3)		Net Amount
	(Dollars in millions)
Assets:
OTC risk management derivatives	$328	$(294)	$34		$—		$—	$34
Cleared risk management derivatives	—	11	11		—		—	11
Mortgage commitment derivatives	112	—	112		(23)		(9)	80
Total derivative assets	440	(283)	157	(4)	(23)		(9)	125
Securities purchased under agreements to resell(5)	65,425	—	65,425		—		(65,425)	—
Total assets	$65,865	$(283)	$65,582		$(23)		$(65,434)	$125
Liabilities:
OTC risk management derivatives	$(3,223)	$3,203	$(20)		$—		$—	$(20)
Cleared risk management derivatives	—	(3)	(3)		—		3	—
Mortgage commitment derivatives	(104)	—	(104)		23		77	(4)
Total liabilities	$(3,327)	$3,200	$(127)	(4)	$23		$80	$(24)

(1)Represents the effect of the right to offset under legally enforceable master netting arrangements to settle with the same counterparty on a

net basis, including cash collateral posted and received and accrued interest.

(2)Mortgage commitment derivative amounts reflect where we have recognized both an asset and a liability with the same counterparty under

an enforceable master netting arrangement but we have not elected to offset the related amounts in our consolidated balance sheets.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-65

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Netting Arrangements

(3)Represents collateral received that has not been recognized and not offset in our consolidated balance sheets as well as collateral posted

which has been recognized but not offset in our consolidated balance sheets. Does not include collateral held or posted in excess of our

exposure. The fair value of non-cash collateral we pledged which the counterparty was permitted to sell or repledge was $2.7 billion and

$2.2 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The fair value of non-cash collateral received was $56.3 billion and $65.5

billion, of which $49.0 billion and $55.4 billion could be sold or repledged as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. None of the

underlying collateral was sold or repledged as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(4)Excludes derivative assets recognized in our consolidated balance sheets of $28 million and $45 million as of December 31, 2024 and

2023, and derivative liabilities recognized in our consolidated balance sheets of $16 million and $13 million as of December 31, 2024 and

2023, respectively, that were not subject to enforceable master netting arrangements.

(5)Includes $25.4 billion and $21.8 billion of securities purchased under agreements to resell classified as “Cash and cash equivalents” in our

consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Includes $14.9 billion and $12.9 billion in securities

purchased under agreements to resell classified as “Restricted cash and cash equivalents” in our consolidated balance sheets as of

December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Derivative instruments are recorded at fair value and securities purchased under agreements to resell are recorded at

amortized cost in our consolidated balance sheets.

We determine our rights to offset the assets and liabilities presented above with the same counterparty, including

collateral posted or received, based on the contractual arrangements entered into with our individual counterparties and

various rules and regulations that would govern the insolvency of a derivative counterparty. The following is a

description, under various agreements, of the nature of those rights and their effect or potential effect on our financial

position.

The terms of the majority of our contracts for OTC risk management derivatives are governed under master agreements

of the International Swaps and Derivatives Association Inc. (“ISDA”). These agreements provide that all transactions

entered into under the agreement with the counterparty constitute a single contractual relationship. An event of default

by the counterparty allows the early termination of all outstanding transactions under the same ISDA agreement and we

may offset all outstanding amounts related to the terminated transactions including collateral posted or received.

The terms of our contracts for cleared derivatives are governed under the rules of the clearing organization and the

agreement between us and the clearing member of that clearing organization. In the event of a clearing organization

default, all open positions at the clearing organization are closed and a net position (on a clearing member by clearing

member basis) is calculated. Unless otherwise transferred, in the event of a clearing member default, all open positions

cleared through that clearing member are closed and a net position is calculated.

The terms of our contracts for mortgage commitment derivatives are primarily governed by the Fannie Mae Single-

Family Selling Guide (“Selling Guide”), for Fannie Mae-approved lenders, or Master Securities Forward Transaction

Agreements (“MSFTA”), for counterparties that are not Fannie Mae-approved lenders. In the event of default by the

counterparty, both the Selling Guide and the MSFTA allow us to terminate all outstanding transactions under the

applicable agreement and offset all outstanding amounts related to the terminated transactions including collateral

posted or received. Under the Selling Guide, upon a lender event of default, we generally may offset any amounts owed

to a lender against any amounts a lender may owe us under any other existing agreement, regardless of whether or not

such other agreements are in default or payments are immediately due.

The terms of our contracts for securities purchased under agreements to resell are governed by Master Repurchase

Agreements, which are based on the guidelines prescribed by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets

Association. Master Repurchase Agreements provide that all transactions under the agreement constitute a single

contractual relationship. An event of default by the counterparty allows the early termination of all outstanding

transactions under the same agreement and we may offset all outstanding amounts related to the terminated

transactions including collateral posted or received.

In addition to these contractual relationships, we are also a clearing member of two divisions of Fixed Income Clearing

Corporation (“FICC”), a central counterparty (“CCP”). One FICC division clears our trades involving securities

purchased under agreements to resell, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and other non-mortgage

related securities. The other division clears our forward purchase and sale commitments of mortgage-related securities,

including dollar roll transactions. As a result of these trades, we are required to post initial and variation margin

payments as well as settle certain positions each business day in cash. As a clearing member of FICC, we are exposed

to the risk that the FICC or one or more of the CCP’s clearing members fails to perform its obligations as described

below.

•A default by or the financial or operational failure of FICC would require us to replace transactions cleared

through FICC, thereby increasing operational costs and potentially resulting in losses.

•We may also be exposed to losses if a clearing member of FICC defaults on its obligations as each clearing

member is required to absorb a portion of those fellow-clearing member losses. As a result, we could lose the

margin that we have posted to FICC. Moreover, our exposure could exceed the amount of margin that we

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-66

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Netting Arrangements

previously posted to FICC, since FICC’s rules require non-defaulting clearing members to cover, on a pro rata

basis, losses caused by a clearing member’s default.

We are unable to develop an estimate of the maximum potential amount of future payments that we could be required to

make to FICC under these arrangements as our exposure is dependent on the volume of trades FICC clearing

members execute now and in the future, which varies daily. Although we are unable to develop an estimate of our

maximum exposure, we expect that losses caused by any clearing member would be partially offset by the fair value of

margin posted by the defaulting clearing member and any other available assets of the CCP for those purposes. We

believe that the risk of a material loss is remote due to FICC’s margin and settlement requirements, guarantee funds

and other resources that are available in the event of a default.

We actively monitor the risks associated with FICC in order to effectively manage this counterparty risk and our

associated liquidity exposure.

16.  Fair Value

We use fair value measurements for the initial recording of certain assets and liabilities and periodic remeasurement of

certain assets and liabilities on a recurring or nonrecurring basis.

Fair Value Measurement

Fair value measurement guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and sets forth

disclosures around fair value measurements. This guidance applies whenever other accounting guidance requires or

permits assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value. The guidance establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that

prioritizes the inputs into the valuation techniques used to measure fair value as follows:

•Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2: Limited observable inputs or observable inputs for similar assets and liabilities.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs.

Recurring Changes in Fair Value

The following tables display our assets and liabilities measured in our consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a

recurring basis subsequent to initial recognition, including instruments for which we have elected the fair value option.

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2024
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Netting Adjustment(1)		Estimated Fair Value
Recurring fair value measurements:	(Dollars in millions)
Assets:
Trading securities:
Mortgage-related		$—		$1,070		$28		$—		$1,098
Non-mortgage-related(2)		77,610		20		—		—		77,630
Total trading securities		77,610		1,090		28		—		78,728
Available-for-sale securities:
Agency(3)		—		38		301		—		339
Other mortgage-related		—		4		126		—		130
Total available-for-sale securities		—		42		427		—		469
Mortgage loans		—		3,345		399		—		3,744
Derivative assets		—		487		54		(362)		179
Total assets at fair value		$77,610		$4,964		$908		$(362)		$83,120
Liabilities:
Long-term debt:
Of Fannie Mae		$—		$136		$249		$—		$385
Of consolidated trusts		—		13,188		104		—		13,292
Total long-term debt		—		13,324		353		—		13,677
Derivative liabilities		—		2,506		15		(2,367)		154
Total liabilities at fair value		$—		$15,830		$368		$(2,367)		$13,831

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-67

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2023
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Netting Adjustment(1)		Estimated Fair Value
Recurring fair value measurements:	(Dollars in millions)
Assets:
Trading securities:
Mortgage-related		$—		$4,744		$26		$—		$4,770
Non-mortgage-related(2)		47,764		18		—		—		47,782
Total trading securities		47,764		4,762		26		—		52,552
Available-for-sale securities:
Agency(3)		—		46		331		—		377
Other mortgage-related		—		4		183		—		187
Total available-for-sale securities		—		50		514		—		564
Mortgage loans		—		2,838		477		—		3,315
Derivative assets		—		395		90		(283)		202
Total assets at fair value		$47,764		$8,045		$1,107		$(283)		$56,633
Liabilities:
Long-term debt:
Of Fannie Mae		$—		$493		$268		$—		$761
Of consolidated trusts		—		14,226		117		—		14,343
Total long-term debt		—		14,719		385		—		15,104
Derivative liabilities		—		3,327		13		(3,200)		140
Total liabilities at fair value		$—		$18,046		$398		$(3,200)		$15,244

(1)Derivative contracts are reported on a gross basis by level. The netting adjustment represents the effect of the legal right to offset under

legally enforceable master netting arrangements to settle with the same counterparty on a net basis, including cash collateral posted and

received.

(2)Primarily includes U.S. Treasury securities.

(3)Agency securities consist of securities issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-68

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value

The following tables display a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using

significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).

	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Trading Securities	Available-for- Sale Securities	Mortgage Loans	Net Derivatives	Long-term Debt
	(Dollars in millions)
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$57	$753	$755	$131	$(468)
Purchases	—	—	—	—	—
Sales	—	—	(4)	—	—
Issuances	—	—	—	—	(86)
Settlements	(1)	(90)	(135)	36	39
Net transfers	(1)	(1)	(6)	—	—
Total gains (losses) realized & unrealized(1)	(8)	(28)	(67)	(204)	137
Balance as of December 31, 2022	47	634	543	(37)	(378)
Purchases	—	—	—	—	—
Sales	—	—	(1)	—	—
Issuances	—	—	—	—	—
Settlements	(1)	(124)	(79)	36	17
Net transfers	(11)	—	2	—	1
Total gains (losses) realized & unrealized(1)	(9)	4	12	78	(25)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	26	514	477	77	(385)
Purchases	—	—	—	—	—
Sales	—	—	(14)	—	—
Issuances	—	—	—	—	—
Settlements	(1)	(92)	(63)	54	16
Net transfers	3	(1)	(9)	—	—
Total gains (losses) realized & unrealized(1)	—	6	8	(92)	16
Balance as of December 31, 2024	$28	$427	$399	$39	$(353)

(1)We had no significant unrealized gains or losses related to assets and liabilities still held in either “Net income” or “Other comprehensive

income (loss)” at December 31, 2024, 2023, or 2022.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-69

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value

The following tables display valuation techniques and the range and the weighted average of significant unobservable

inputs for our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding instruments for which

we have elected the fair value option. Changes in these unobservable inputs can result in significantly higher or lower

fair value measurements of these assets and liabilities as of the reporting date.

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2024
	Fair Value	Significant Valuation Techniques
	(Dollars in millions)
Recurring fair value measurements:
Trading securities:
Mortgage-related(1)	$28	Primarily Consensus
Available-for-sale securities:
Agency(1)	$301	Consensus
Other mortgage-related	126	Primarily Discounted Cash Flow, Single Vendor, and Consensus
Total available-for-sale securities	$427
Net derivatives	$39	Dealer Mark and Discounted Cash Flow

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2023
	Fair Value	Significant Valuation Techniques
	(Dollars in millions)
Recurring fair value measurements:
Trading securities:
Mortgage-related(1)	$26	Primarily Consensus
Available-for-sale securities:
Agency(1)	$331	Consensus
Other mortgage-related	183	Primarily Discounted Cash Flow, Single Vendor, and Consensus
Total available-for-sale securities	$514
Net derivatives	$77	Dealer Mark and Discounted Cash Flow

(1)Includes Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac securities.

In our consolidated balance sheets certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that

is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in

certain circumstances (for example, when we evaluate loans for impairment).

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-70

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value

Our nonrecurring fair value measures consist primarily of Level 3 assets, for which the valuation techniques are

displayed in the following table.

		Fair Value Measurements as of December 31,
	Valuation Techniques	2024	2023
		(Dollars in millions)
Nonrecurring fair value measurements:
Mortgage loans:(1)
Mortgage loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value	Consensus	$113	$1,994
Single-family mortgage loans held for investment, at amortized cost	Internal Model	267	407
Multifamily mortgage loans held for investment, at amortized cost	Appraisal	448	33
	Broker Price Opinion	851	769
	Internal Model	172	218
Total multifamily mortgage loans held for investment, at amortized cost		1,471	1,020
Acquired property, net:
Single-family	Accepted Offer and Appraisal	74	66
	Internal Model and Walk Forward	294	324
Total single-family		368	390
Multifamily	Broker Price Opinion	278	182
Total nonrecurring assets at fair value		$2,497	$3,993

(1)When we measure impairment, including recoveries, based on the fair value of the loan or the underlying collateral and impairment is

recorded on any component of the mortgage loan, including accrued interest receivable and amounts due from the borrower for advances

of taxes and insurance, we present the entire fair value measurement amount with the corresponding mortgage loan.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-71

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value

We use valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The following is a description of the valuation techniques we use for fair value measurement and disclosure as well as

our basis for classifying these measurements as Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy in more specific

situations.

Instruments	Valuation Techniques	Classification
U.S Treasury Securities and Futures	We classify securities whose values are based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets as Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. These are comprised of US Treasury securities and futures which are classified as trading securities.	Level 1
Other Trading Securities and Available-for-Sale Securities	We classify securities in active markets as Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy if quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets are not available. For all valuation techniques used for securities where there is limited activity or less transparency around these inputs to the valuation, these securities are classified as Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Single Vendor: Uses a single vendor price that represents estimated fair value. Consensus: Uses an average of two or more vendor prices or dealer marks that represents estimated fair value.	Level 2 and 3
	Discounted Cash Flow: In the absence of prices provided by third-party pricing services supported by observable market data, we estimate the fair value of a portion of our securities using a discounted cash flow technique that uses inputs such as default rates, prepayment speeds, loss severity and spreads based on market assumptions where available. For private-label securities, an increase in unobservable prepayment speeds in isolation would generally result in an increase in fair value, and an increase in unobservable spreads, severity rates or default rates in isolation would generally result in a decrease in fair value. For mortgage revenue bonds classified as Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy, an increase in unobservable spreads would result in a decrease in fair value. Although we have disclosed unobservable inputs for the fair value of our recurring Level 3 securities above, interrelationships exist among these inputs such that a change in one unobservable input typically results in a change to one or more of the other inputs.
Mortgage Loans Held for Investment	Build-up: We derive the fair value of performing mortgage loans using a build-up valuation technique starting with the base value for our Fannie Mae MBS with similar characteristics and then add or subtract the fair value of the associated guaranty asset, guaranty obligation (“GO”) and master servicing arrangement. We set the GO equal to the estimated fair value we would receive if we were to issue our guaranty to an unrelated party in a stand-alone arm’s length transaction at the measurement date. The fair value of the GO is estimated based on our current guaranty pricing for loans underwritten after 2008 and our internal valuation models considering management’s best estimate of key loan characteristics for loans underwritten before 2008. Our performing loans are generally classified as Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy to the extent that significant inputs are observable. To the extent that unobservable inputs are significant, the loans are classified as Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.	Level 2 and 3
	Consensus: Calculated through the extrapolation of indicative sample bids obtained from multiple active market participants plus the estimated value of any applicable mortgage insurance, the estimated fair value using the Consensus method represents an estimate of the prices we would receive if we were to sell these single-family nonperforming and certain reperforming loans in the whole loan market. The fair value of any mortgage insurance on a nonperforming or reperforming loan is estimated using product-specific pricing grids that have been derived from loan-level bids on whole loan transactions. These loans are generally classified as Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy because significant inputs are unobservable. To the extent that significant inputs are observable, the loans are classified as Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. We estimate the fair value for a portion of our senior-subordinated trust structures using the prices at the security level as a proxy for estimating loan fair value. These loans are classified as Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy because significant inputs are unobservable.
	Single Vendor: We estimate the fair value of our reverse mortgages using the single vendor valuation technique. Internal Model: The internal model used to value collateral contains four sub-component models: 1) Location Model, 2) Neighborhood Model, 3) Automated Valuation Model (“AVM”) Imputation Model and 4) Final Valuation Model. These models consider characteristics of the property, neighborhood, local housing markets, underlying loan and home price growth to derive a final estimated value. These loans are classified as Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy because significant inputs are unobservable.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-72

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value

Instruments	Valuation Techniques	Classification
Mortgage Loans Held for Investment	Appraisal: We use appraisals to estimate the fair value for a portion of our multifamily loans based on either estimated replacement cost, the present value of future cash flows, or sales of similar properties. Significant unobservable inputs include estimated replacement or construction costs, property net operating income, capitalization rates, and adjustments made to sales of comparable properties based on characteristics such as financing, conditions of sale, and physical characteristics of the property. Broker Price Opinion: We use broker price opinions to estimate the fair value for a portion of our multifamily loans. This technique uses both current property value and the property value adjusted for stabilization and market conditions. The unobservable inputs used in this technique are property net operating income and market capitalization rates to estimate property value. Asset Manager Estimate: This technique uses the net operating income and tax assessments of the specific property as well as Metropolitan Statistical Area-specific market capitalization rates and average per unit sales values to estimate property fair value.	Level 2 and 3
	An increase in prepayment speeds in isolation would generally result in an increase in the fair value of our mortgage loans classified as Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy, and an increase in severity rates, default rates or spreads in isolation would generally result in a decrease in fair value. Although we have disclosed unobservable inputs for the fair value of the mortgage loans classified as Level 3 above, interrelationships exist among these inputs such that a change in one unobservable input typically results in a change to one or more of the other inputs.
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale	Loans are reported at the lower of cost or fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. The valuation methodology and inputs used in estimating the fair value of HFS loans are the same as our HFI loans and are described above in “Mortgage Loans Held for Investment.” To the extent that significant inputs are unobservable, the loans are classified within level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.	Level 2 and 3
Acquired Property, Net and Other Assets	Single-family acquired property valuation techniques Accepted Offer: An Offer to Purchase Real Estate that has been submitted by a potential purchaser of an acquired property and accepted by Fannie Mae in a pending sale. Appraisal: An appraisal is an estimate based on recent historical data of the value of a specific property by a certified or licensed appraiser. Adjustments are made for differences between comparable properties for unobservable inputs such as square footage, location, and condition of the property. At times, we may use similar valuation techniques to appraisals, such as Broker Price Opinion, Evaluation, and Property Inspection Report with Value. These additional techniques are included in the ‘Appraisal’ category within the table above. Broker Price Opinion: This technique provides an estimate of what the property is worth based upon a real estate broker’s use of specific market research and a sales comparison approach that is similar to the appraisal process. This information, all of which is unobservable, is used along with recent and pending sales and current listings of similar properties to arrive at an estimate of value. Property Inspection Report with Value: This technique provides an estimate of what the property is worth based upon a third party model that is adjusted for condition of the property and/or any other factors impacting the marketability. Evaluation: This technique provides an estimate of what the property is worth based upon a valuation professional’s use of data gathered during an inspection, market research and a sales comparison approach that is similar to the appraisal process. This information is used along with recent and pending sales and current listings of similar properties to arrive at an estimate of value.	Level 3
	Walk Forward: A walk forward is a technique to adjust an existing valuation or sales price for changing market conditions by applying a walk forward factor based on local price movements. Internal Model: We use an internal model to estimate fair value for distressed properties. The valuation methodology and inputs used are described under “Mortgage Loans Held for Investment.”
	Multifamily acquired property valuation techniques Broker Price Opinion: We use this method to estimate property values for distressed properties. The valuation methodology and inputs used are described under “Mortgage Loans Held for Investment.”

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-73

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value

Instruments	Valuation Techniques	Classification
Asset and Liability Derivative Instruments (collectively “Derivatives”)	The valuation process for the majority of our risk management derivatives uses observable market data provided by third-party sources, resulting in Level 2 classification of the valuation hierarchy. Single Vendor: We use one vendor price to estimate fair value. We generally validate these observations of fair value through the use of a discounted cash flow technique. Clearing House: We use the clearing house-provided value for interest-rate derivatives which are transacted through a clearing house. Internal Model: We use internal models to value interest-rate derivatives which are valued by referencing yield curves derived from observable interest rates and spreads to project and discount cash flows to present value. Discounted Cash Flow: We use discounted cash flow to estimate fair value for credit enhancement derivatives related to credit risk transfer transactions. Dealer Mark: Certain highly complex structured swaps primarily use a single dealer mark due to lack of transparency in the market and may be modeled using observable interest rates and volatility levels as well as significant unobservable assumptions, resulting in Level 3 classification of the valuation hierarchy. Mortgage commitment derivatives that use observable market data, quotes and actual transaction price levels adjusted for market movement are typically classified as Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. To the extent mortgage commitment derivatives include adjustments for market movement that cannot be corroborated by observable market data, we classify them as Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.	Level 2 and 3
Debt of Fannie Mae and Consolidated Trusts	We classify debt instruments that have quoted market prices in active markets for similar liabilities when traded as assets as Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. For all valuation techniques used for debt instruments where there is limited activity or less transparency around these inputs to the valuation, these debt instruments are classified as Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Consensus: Uses an average of two or more vendor prices or dealer marks that represents estimated fair value for similar liabilities when traded as assets. Single Vendor: Uses a single vendor price that represents estimated fair value for these liabilities when traded as assets. Discounted Cash Flow: Uses spreads based on market assumptions where available. The valuation methodology and inputs used in estimating the fair value of MBS assets are described under “Trading Securities and Available-for-Sale Securities.”	Level 2 and 3

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-74

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table displays the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments. The fair value of

financial instruments we disclose includes commitments to purchase multifamily and single-family mortgage loans that

we do not record in our consolidated balance sheets. The fair values of these commitments are included as “Mortgage

loans held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses.” The disclosure excludes all non-financial instruments;

therefore, the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities does not represent the underlying fair value of our total

consolidated assets and liabilities.

	As of December 31, 2024
	Carrying Value	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)	Netting Adjustment	Estimated Fair Value
	(Dollars in millions)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash and cash equivalents	$78,811	$38,536	$40,275	$—	$—	$78,811
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	15,975	—	15,975	—	—	15,975
Trading securities	78,728	77,610	1,090	28	—	78,728
Available-for-sale securities	469	—	42	427	—	469
Mortgage loans held for sale	373	—	130	258	—	388
Mortgage loans held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses	4,137,633	—	3,496,803	127,763	—	3,624,566
Advances to lenders	1,825	—	1,825	—	—	1,825
Derivative assets at fair value	179	—	487	54	(362)	179
Guaranty assets and buy-ups	64	—	—	160	—	160
Total financial assets	$4,314,057	$116,146	$3,556,627	$128,690	$(362)	$3,801,101
Financial liabilities:
Short-term debt:
Of Fannie Mae	$11,188	$—	$11,193	$—	$—	$11,193
Long-term debt:
Of Fannie Mae	128,234	—	129,152	567	—	129,719
Of consolidated trusts	4,088,675	—	3,557,237	274	—	3,557,511
Derivative liabilities at fair value	154	—	2,506	15	(2,367)	154
Guaranty obligations	69	—	—	60	—	60
Total financial liabilities	$4,228,320	$—	$3,700,088	$916	$(2,367)	$3,698,637

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-75

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value

	As of December 31, 2023
	Carrying Value	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)	Netting Adjustment	Estimated Fair Value
	(Dollars in millions)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash and cash equivalents	$68,706	$33,981	$34,725	$—	$—	$68,706
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	30,700	—	30,700	—	—	30,700
Trading securities	52,552	47,764	4,762	26	—	52,552
Available-for-sale securities	564	—	50	514	—	564
Mortgage loans held for sale	2,149	—	93	2,196	—	2,289
Mortgage loans held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses	4,133,482	—	3,571,555	130,022	—	3,701,577
Advances to lenders	1,389	—	1,389	—	—	1,389
Derivative assets at fair value	202	—	395	90	(283)	202
Guaranty assets and buy-ups	73	—	—	155	—	155
Total financial assets	$4,289,817	$81,745	$3,643,669	$133,003	$(283)	$3,858,134
Financial liabilities:
Short-term debt:
Of Fannie Mae	$17,314	$—	$17,317	$—	$—	$17,317
Long-term debt:
Of Fannie Mae	106,751	—	106,701	605	—	107,306
Of consolidated trusts	4,098,653	—	3,633,157	293	—	3,633,450
Derivative liabilities at fair value	140	—	3,327	13	(3,200)	140
Guaranty obligations	79	—	—	65	—	65
Total financial liabilities	$4,222,937	$—	$3,760,502	$976	$(3,200)	$3,758,278

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-76

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value

The following is a description of the valuation techniques we use for fair value measurement of our financial instruments

as well as our basis for classifying these measurements as Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy in

certain specific situations.

Instruments	Description	Classification
Financial Instruments for which Fair Value Approximates Carrying Value	We hold certain financial instruments that are not carried at fair value but for which the carrying value approximates fair value due to the short-term nature and negligible credit risk inherent in them. These financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, the majority of advances to lenders, and securities sold/purchased under agreements to repurchase/resell.	Level 1 and 2
Securities Sold/ Purchased Under Agreements to Repurchase/Resell	The carrying value for the majority of these specific instruments approximates the fair value due to the short-term nature and the negligible inherent credit risk, as they involve the exchange of collateral that is easily traded. Were we to calculate the fair value of these instruments, we would use observable inputs.	Level 2
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale	Loans are reported at the lower of cost or fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. The valuation methodology and inputs used in estimating the fair value of HFS loans are the same as for our HFI loans and are described under “Fair Value Measurement—Mortgage Loans Held for Investment” in the valuation techniques for assets and liabilities held at fair value table. To the extent that significant inputs are unobservable, the loans are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.	Level 2 and 3
Mortgage Loans Held for Investment	For a description of loan valuation techniques, refer to “Fair Value Measurement—Mortgage Loans Held for Investment” in the valuation techniques for assets and liabilities held at fair value table. We measure the fair value of certain loans that are delivered under the Home Affordable Refinance Program (“HARP”) using a modified build-up approach while the loan is performing. Under this modified approach, we set the credit component of the consolidated loans (that is, the guaranty obligation) equal to the compensation we would currently receive for a loan delivered to us under the program because the total compensation for these loans is equal to their current exit price in the government-sponsored enterprise securitization market. If, subsequent to delivery, the refinanced loan becomes past due or is modified, the fair value of the guaranty obligation is then measured consistent with other loans that have similar characteristics.	Level 2 and 3
Advances to Lenders	The carrying value for the majority of our advances to lenders approximates the fair value due to the short-term nature and the negligible inherent credit risk. If we were to calculate the fair value of these instruments, we would use discounted cash flow models that use observable inputs such as spreads based on market assumptions, resulting in Level 2 classification. Advances to lenders also include loans that do not qualify for Fannie Mae MBS securitization and are valued using a discounted cash flow technique that uses estimated credit spreads of similar collateral and prepayment speeds that consider recent prepayment activity. We classify these valuations as Level 3 given that significant inputs are not observable or are determined by extrapolation of observable inputs.	Level 2 and 3
Guaranty Assets and Buy-ups	Guaranty assets related to our portfolio securitizations are recorded in our consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a recurring basis and are classified as Level 3. Guaranty assets in lender swap transactions are recorded in our consolidated balance sheets at the lower of cost or fair value. These assets, which are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, are also classified as Level 3. We estimate the fair value of guaranty assets by using proprietary models to project cash flows based on management’s best estimate of key assumptions such as prepayment speeds and forward yield curves. Because guaranty assets are similar to an interest-only income stream, the projected cash flows are discounted at rates that consider the current spreads on interest-only swaps that reference Fannie Mae MBS and also liquidity considerations of the guaranty assets. The fair value of guaranty assets includes the fair value of any associated buy-ups.	Level 3
Guaranty Obligations	The fair value of all guaranty obligations, measured subsequent to their initial recognition, is our estimate of a hypothetical transaction price we would receive if we were to issue our guaranty to an unrelated party in a standalone arm’s-length transaction at the measurement date. The valuation methodology and inputs used in estimating the fair value of the guaranty obligations are described under “Fair Value Measurement—Mortgage loans held for investment—build-up” in the valuation techniques for assets and liabilities held at fair value.	Level 3

Fair Value Option

We generally elect the fair value option on a financial instrument when the accounting guidance would otherwise require

us to separately account for a derivative that is embedded in an instrument at fair value. Under the fair value option, we

carry this type of instrument, in its entirety, at fair value instead of separately accounting for the derivative.

Interest income for the mortgage loans is recorded in “Interest income: Mortgage loans” and interest expense for the

debt instruments is recorded in “Interest expense: Long-term debt” in our consolidated statements of operations and

comprehensive income.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-77

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value

The following table displays the fair value and unpaid principal balance of the financial instruments for which we have

made fair value elections.

	As of December 31,
	2024			2023
	Loans(1)	Long-Term Debt of Fannie Mae	Long-Term Debt of Consolidated Trusts	Loans(1)	Long-Term Debt of Fannie Mae	Long-Term Debt of Consolidated Trusts
	(Dollars in millions)
Fair value	$3,744	$385	$13,292	$3,315	$761	$14,343
Unpaid principal balance	4,079	383	13,766	3,442	731	14,383

(1)Includes nonaccrual loans with a fair value of $31 million and $32 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Includes loans

that are 90 days or more past due with a fair value of $25 million and $31 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Changes in Fair Value under the Fair Value Option Election

We recorded losses of $26 million, gains of $108 million and losses of $503 million for the years ended December 31,

2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, from changes in the fair value of loans recorded at fair value in “Fair value gains

(losses), net” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

We recorded gains of $59 million, losses of $308 million, and gains of $2.3 billion for the years ended December 31,

2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, from changes in the fair value of long-term debt recorded at fair value in “Fair value

gains (losses), net” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

17.  Commitments and Contingencies

We are party to various types of legal actions and proceedings, including actions brought on behalf of various classes of

claimants. We also are subject to regulatory examinations, inquiries and investigations, and other information gathering

requests. In some of the matters, indeterminate amounts are sought. Modern pleading practice in the U.S. permits

considerable variation in the assertion of monetary damages or other relief. Jurisdictions may permit claimants not to

specify the monetary damages sought or may permit claimants to state only that the amount sought is sufficient to

invoke the jurisdiction of the trial court. This variability in pleadings, together with our and our counsel’s actual

experience in litigating or settling claims, leads us to conclude that the monetary relief that may be sought by plaintiffs

bears little relevance to the merits or disposition value of claims.

Legal actions and proceedings of all types are subject to many uncertain factors that generally cannot be predicted with

assurance. Accordingly, the outcome of any given matter and the amount or range of potential loss at particular points in

time is frequently difficult to ascertain. Uncertainties can include how fact finders will evaluate documentary evidence

and the credibility and effectiveness of witness testimony, and how the court will apply the law. Disposition valuations

are also subject to the uncertainty of how opposing parties and their counsel may view the evidence and applicable law.

On a quarterly basis, we review relevant information about pending legal actions and proceedings for the purpose of

evaluating and revising our contingencies, accruals and disclosures. We establish an accrual only for matters when the

likelihood of a loss is probable and we can reasonably estimate the amount of such loss. We are often unable to

estimate the possible losses or ranges of losses, particularly for proceedings that are in their early stages of

development, where plaintiffs seek indeterminate or unspecified damages, where there may be novel or unsettled legal

questions relevant to the proceedings, or where settlement negotiations have not occurred or progressed. Given the

uncertainties involved in any action or proceeding, regardless of whether we have established an accrual, the ultimate

resolution of certain of these matters may be material to our operating results for a particular period, depending on,

among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of our net income or loss for that period.

In addition to the matters specifically described below, we are involved in a number of legal and regulatory proceedings

that arise in the ordinary course of business that we do not expect will have a material impact on our business or

financial condition.

Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements Litigation

A consolidated class action (“In re Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement Class Action

Litigations”) and a non-class action lawsuit, Fairholme Funds v. FHFA, filed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac

stockholders against us, FHFA as our conservator, and Freddie Mac were filed in the U.S. District Court for the District

of Columbia. The lawsuits challenge the August 2012 amendment to each company’s senior preferred stock purchase

agreement with Treasury.

Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) 2024 Form 10-K F-78

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Commitments and Contingencies

Plaintiffs in these lawsuits allege that the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock that were

implemented pursuant to the August 2012 amendments nullified certain of the stockholders’ rights and caused them

harm. Plaintiffs in the class action represent a class of Fannie Mae preferred stockholders and classes of Freddie Mac

common and preferred stockholders. The cases were tried before a jury at a trial that commenced on July 24, 2023. On

August 14, 2023, the jury returned a verdict for the plaintiffs and awarded damages of $299.4 million to Fannie Mae

preferred stockholders. On October 24, 2023, the court held that these stockholders were entitled to receive

prejudgment interest on the damage award. On March 20, 2024, the court entered final judgment and set the amount of

prejudgment interest owed by Fannie Mae at $199.7 million. On April 17, 2024, the defendants filed a motion for

judgment as a matter of law, which has been fully briefed and remains pending. The parties will have 30 days to appeal

following the court’s decision on the motion. Until the motion and any subsequent appeals are resolved and any final

judgment amount has been paid, post-judgment interest on the damages and prejudgment interest awards will accrue at

a rate of 5.01%, starting on March 20, 2024, to be computed daily and compounded annually. We recognized

$495 million in 2023 related to the jury verdict and estimated prejudgment interest through December 31, 2023 in “Other

expenses, net.” We recognized an additional $24 million of expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024

related to the prejudgment and post-judgment interest.

Unconditional Purchase and Lease Commitments

We have unconditional commitments related to the purchase of loans and mortgage-related securities. These are

primarily mortgage commitment derivatives and include both on- and off-balance sheet commitments. A portion of these

have been recorded as derivatives in our consolidated balance sheets.

We lease certain office buildings and equipment accounted for as either operating or financing leases pursuant to

agreements that expire at various dates through May 31, 2045. Some of these leases provide for payment by the lessee

of property taxes, insurance premiums, cost of maintenance and other costs.

The following table summarizes by remaining maturity, non-cancelable future commitments related to loan and

mortgage purchases, operating and finance leases and other agreements.

	As of December 31, 2024
	Loans and Mortgage- Related Securities	Operating Leases(1)	Finance Leases(2)	Other(3)
	(Dollars in millions)
2025	$35,327	$63	$19	$200
2026	9	61	19	157
2027	—	60	20	110
2028	—	59	20	72
2029	—	48	7	2
Thereafter	—	311	343	3
Total	$35,336	$602	$428	$544

(1)Consists of amounts related to office buildings and equipment leases.

(2)Consists of amounts related to office buildings.

(3)Includes purchase commitments for certain telecommunications services, computer software and services, and other agreements and

commitments.