INVESTMENT OPERATIONS | INVESTMENT OPERATIONS Major categories of net investment income are summarized as follows: For The Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 (Dollars In Thousands) Fixed maturities $ 2,475,295 $ 2,465,902 $ 2,043,183 Equity securities 24,492 30,647 35,282 Commercial mortgage loans 442,752 388,656 322,206 Investment real estate 989 1,045 1,778 Short-term investments 137,943 118,172 103,676 3,081,471 3,004,422 2,506,125 Investment expenses 198,508 185,592 167,223 Net investment income $ 2,882,963 $ 2,818,830 $ 2,338,902 Net realized gains (losses) are summarized as follows: For The Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 (Dollars In Thousands) Fixed maturities $ 45,324 $ 47,711 $ 9,851 Equity securities 13,092 46,989 (49,275) Modco trading portfolio 182,591 247,330 (185,900) Net credit losses recognized in operations (1) (125,470) — — Net impairment losses recognized in operations (2) — (34,453) (29,724) Commercial mortgage loans (151,994) (2,263) (2,040) Other investments (3,349) 3,231 4,088 Realized gains (losses) - investments (39,806) 308,545 (253,000) Realized gains (losses) - derivatives (3) 8,679 (131,459) 79,097 Realized gains (losses) $ (31,127) $ 177,086 $ (173,903) (1) Represents net credit losses recognized under FASB ASC 326 (2) Represents other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized in prior periods under FASB ASC 320 (3) Refer to Note 6, Derivative Financial Instruments Gross realized gains and gross realized losses on investments available-for-sale (fixed maturities and short-term investments) are as follows: For The Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 (Dollars In Thousands) Gross realized gains $ 50,247 $ 61,608 $ 28,034 Gross realized losses: Credit losses (1) $ (125,470) $ — $ — Impairment losses (2) $ — $ (34,453) $ (29,724) Other realized losses $ (4,923) $ (13,897) $ (18,183) (1) Represents net credit losses recognized under FASB ASC 326 (2) Represents other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized in prior periods under FASB ASC 320 The chart below summarizes the fair value proceeds and the gains (losses) realized on securities the Company sold that were in an unrealized gain position and an unrealized loss position. For The Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 (Dollars In Thousands) Securities in an unrealized gain position: Fair value proceeds $ 1,713,162 $ 2,511,764 $ 1,291,826 Gains realized $ 50,247 $ 61,608 $ 28,034 Securities in an unrealized loss Fair value proceeds $ 33,816 $ 542,733 $ 472,371 Losses realized $ (4,923) $ (13,897) $ (18,183) The chart below summarizes the realized gains (losses) on equity securities sold during the period and equity securities still held at the reporting date. For The Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 (Dollars In Thousands) Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities still held $ 12,810 $ 50,214 $ (43,110) Net gains (losses) recognized on equity securities sold during the period 282 (3,225) (6,165) Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities $ 13,092 $ 46,989 $ (49,275) The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, losses, allowance for expected credit losses, and fair value of the Company’s investments classified as available-for-sale are as follows: Amortized Gross Gross Allowance for Expected Credit Losses Fair Value (Dollars In Thousands) As of December 31, 2020 Fixed maturities: (1) Residential mortgage-backed securities $ 6,501,358 $ 158,468 $ (1,235) $ — $ 6,658,591 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 2,403,218 126,871 (19,707) (3,598) 2,506,784 Other asset-backed securities 1,546,204 40,368 (6,714) (1,402) 1,578,456 U.S. government-related securities 1,341,599 26,110 (1,701) — 1,366,008 Other government-related securities 621,247 95,743 (997) — 715,993 States, municipals, and political subdivisions 3,900,517 519,227 (749) — 4,418,995 Corporate securities 45,997,229 6,058,681 (99,415) (17,742) 51,938,753 Redeemable preferred stocks 182,840 11,139 — — 193,979 62,494,212 7,036,607 (130,518) (22,742) 69,377,559 Short-term investments 386,265 — — — 386,265 $ 62,880,477 $ 7,036,607 $ (130,518) $ (22,742) $ 69,763,824 (1) Included in the total above, as of December 31, 2020, the Company had public utility securities that had an amortized cost and fair value of $6.3 billion and $7.0 billion, respectively and foreign government securities that had an amortized cost and fair value of $555.6 million and $642.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2019 Fixed maturities: (2) Residential mortgage-backed securities $ 5,812,170 $ 125,493 $ (6,322) $ — $ 5,931,341 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 2,588,575 54,385 (3,292) — 2,639,668 Other asset-backed securities 1,764,120 32,041 (14,926) — 1,781,235 U.S. government-related securities 1,032,048 5,664 (5,316) — 1,032,396 Other government-related securities 548,136 51,024 (1,991) — 597,169 States, municipals, and political subdivisions 4,415,008 225,072 (1,230) — 4,638,850 Corporate securities 44,493,799 2,603,636 (288,334) — 46,809,101 Redeemable preferred stocks 87,237 3,677 (4,249) — 86,665 60,741,093 3,100,992 (325,660) — 63,516,425 Short-term investments 1,229,651 — — — 1,229,651 $ 61,970,744 $ 3,100,992 $ (325,660) $ — $ 64,746,076 (2) Included in the total above, as of December 31, 2019, the Company had public utility securities that had an amortized cost and fair value of $6.3 billion and $6.5 billion, respectively and foreign government securities that had an amortized cost and fair value of $483.8 million and $528.4 million, respectively. The Company holds certain investments pursuant to certain modified coinsurance (“Modco”) arrangements. The fixed maturities, equity securities, and short-term investments held as part of these arrangements are classified as trading securities. The fair value of the investments held pursuant to these Modco arrangements are as follows: As of December 31, 2020 2019 (Dollars In Thousands) Fixed maturities: (1) Residential mortgage-backed securities $ 209,240 $ 209,521 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 214,107 201,284 Other asset-backed securities 162,641 143,361 U.S. government-related securities 91,288 47,067 Other government-related securities 30,060 28,775 States, municipals, and political subdivisions 281,803 293,791 Corporate securities 1,860,273 1,590,936 Redeemable preferred stocks 12,956 12,832 2,862,368 2,527,567 Equity securities 19,627 6,656 Short-term investments 76,150 91,213 $ 2,958,145 $ 2,625,436 (1) Included in the total above, as of December 31, 2020, the Company had public utility and foreign government securities that had a fair value of $144.1 million and $30.1 million, respectively and as of December 31, 2019, the Company had public utility and foreign government securities that had a fair value of $111.2 million and $28.8 million, respectively. The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale fixed maturities as of December 31, 2020, by expected maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities of securities without a single maturity date are allocated based on estimated rates of prepayment that may differ from actual rates of prepayment. Available-for-sale Amortized Fair (Dollars In Thousands) Due in one year or less $ 2,307,167 $ 2,315,529 Due after one year through five years 12,633,015 13,265,798 Due after five years through ten years 13,900,080 15,225,192 Due after ten years 33,653,950 38,571,040 $ 62,494,212 $ 69,377,559 The following chart is a rollforward of the available-for-sale allowance for expected credit losses on fixed maturities held by the Company: For The Year Ended December 31, 2020 Corporate Securities CMBS ABS Total (Dollars In Thousands) Beginning balance $ — $ — $ — $ — Additions for securities for which allowance was not previously recorded 62,442 3,598 658 66,698 Adjustments on previously recorded allowances due to change in expected cash flows 19,887 — 770 20,657 Reductions on previously recorded allowances due to disposal of security in the current period (969) — (26) (995) Write-offs of previously recorded allowances due to intent or requirement to sell (63,618) — — (63,618) Ending balance $ 17,742 $ 3,598 $ 1,402 $ 22,742 The following chart is a rollforward of the available-for-sale credit losses on fixed maturities held by the Company for which a portion of an other-than-temporary impairment was recognized in other comprehensive income: For The Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 (Dollars In Thousands) Beginning balance $ 24,868 $ 3,268 Additions for newly impaired securities 30,299 24,858 Additions for previously impaired securities 3,553 12 Reductions on previously impaired securities due to a change in expected cash flows (21,332) — Reductions for previously impaired securities that were sold in the current period (7,294) (3,270) Ending balance $ 30,094 $ 24,868 The following table includes the gross unrealized losses for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded and fair value of the Company’s AFS fixed maturities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2020: Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized (Dollars In Thousands) Residential mortgage-backed securities $ 386,013 $ (935) $ 9,096 $ (300) $ 395,109 $ (1,235) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 262,752 (15,623) 30,239 (4,084) 292,991 (19,707) Other asset-backed securities 146,141 (1,920) 326,132 (4,794) 472,273 (6,714) U.S. government-related securities 162,293 (1,678) 736 (23) 163,029 (1,701) Other government-related securities 18,622 (438) 6,975 (559) 25,597 (997) States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 32,169 (692) 4,876 (57) 37,045 (749) Corporate securities 1,058,838 (33,291) 726,481 (66,124) 1,785,319 (99,415) Redeemable preferred stocks — — — — — — $ 2,066,828 $ (54,577) $ 1,104,535 $ (75,941) $ 3,171,363 $ (130,518) CMBS had gross unrealized losses greater than twelve months of $4.1 million, as of December 31, 2020. Factors such as the credit enhancement within the deal structure, the average life of the securities, and the performance of the underlying collateral support the recoverability of these investments. The other asset-backed securities have a gross unrealized loss greater than twelve months of $4.8 million as of December 31, 2020. This category predominately includes student-loan backed auction rate securities, the underlying collateral, of which is at least 97% guaranteed by the Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”). At this time, the Company has no reason to believe that the U.S. Department of Education would not honor the FFELP guarantee, if it were necessary. The corporate securities category has gross unrealized losses greater than twelve months of $66.1 million as of December 31, 2020, excluding losses of $17.7 million that were considered credit related. The overall deterioration in the macroeconomic environment as a result of the impact of COVID-19 as well as the continued pressure on commodity prices has negatively affected the values of certain of our investments. The largest impacts have been in the oil & gas, real estate, and consumer and retail industries. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we have recognized $125.5 million of impairments for the Company which primarily reflect declines in the value of certain oil and gas securities. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had a total of 429 positions that were in an unrealized loss position, including 7 positions for which an allowance for expected credit losses was established. For unrealized losses for which an allowance for credit losses was not established, the Company does not consider these unrealized loss positions to be credit related. This is based on the aggregate factors discussed previously and because the Company has the ability and intent to hold these investments until the fair values recover, and the Company does not intend to sell or expect to be required to sell the securities before recovering the Company’s amortized cost of the securities. The following table includes the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s investments that are not deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2019: Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized (Dollars In Thousands) Residential mortgage-backed securities $ 851,333 $ (4,231) $ 220,843 $ (2,091) $ 1,072,176 $ (6,322) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 371,945 (1,721) 115,566 (1,571) 487,511 (3,292) Other asset-backed securities 482,547 (6,516) 214,058 (8,410) 696,605 (14,926) U.S. government-related securities 383,451 (3,373) 353,517 (1,943) 736,968 (5,316) Other government-related securities 22,962 (669) 6,230 (1,322) 29,192 (1,991) States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 56,470 (1,001) 12,907 (229) 69,377 (1,230) Corporate securities 3,176,489 (68,289) 2,886,648 (220,045) 6,063,137 (288,334) Redeemable preferred stocks — — 16,689 (4,249) 16,689 (4,249) $ 5,345,197 $ (85,800) $ 3,826,458 $ (239,860) $ 9,171,655 $ (325,660) As of December 31, 2020, the Company had securities in its available-for-sale portfolio which were rated below investment grade with a fair value of $2.6 billion and had an amortized cost of $2.5 billion. In addition, included in the Company’s trading portfolio, the Company held $140.4 million of securities which were rated below investment grade. The Company held $493.2 million of the below investment grade securities that were not publicly traded. The change in unrealized gains (losses), excluding the allowance for expected credit losses, net of income tax, on fixed maturities classified as available-for-sale is summarized as follows: For The Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 (Dollars In Thousands) Fixed maturities $ 3,263,298 $ 4,210,114 $ (2,032,573) The Company’s held-to-maturity securities were issued by affiliates of the Company which were considered VIEs. The Company is not the primary beneficiary of these entities and thus the securities were not eliminated in consolidation. These securities were collateralized by non-recourse funding obligations issued by captive insurance companies that were affiliates of the Company. As of December 31, 2020, the Company no longer held any held-to-maturity securities. Refer to Note 3, Significant Transactions for additional information on Red Mountain, LLC and Steel City, LLC. The amortized cost and fair value of the Company’s investments classified as held-to-maturity as of December 31, 2019, is as follows: Amortized Gross Gross Fair As of December 31, 2019 (Dollars In Thousands) Fixed maturities: Securities issued by affiliates: Red Mountain LLC $ 795,881 $ 81,022 $ — $ 876,903 Steel City LLC 2,028,000 120,887 — 2,148,887 $ 2,823,881 $ 201,909 $ — $ 3,025,790 During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded no credit losses on held-to-maturity securities. The Company held $28.3 million and $155.1 million of non-income producing securities for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. |