UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-CSR
CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED
MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES
Investment Company Act File Number: 811-02958
T. Rowe Price International Funds, Inc. |
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(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter) |
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100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202 |
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(Address of principal executive offices) |
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David Oestreicher |
100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202 |
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(Name and address of agent for service) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (410) 345-2000
Date of fiscal year end: December 31
Date of reporting period: December 31, 2018
Item 1. Report to Shareholders
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund | December 31, 2018 |
Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by SEC regulations, paper copies of the T. Rowe Price funds’ annual and semiannual shareholder reports will no longer be mailed, unless you specifically request them. Instead, shareholder reports will be made available on the funds’ website (troweprice.com/prospectus), and you will be notified by mail with a website link to access the reports each time a report is posted to the site.
If you already elected to receive reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and need not take any action. At any time, shareholders who invest directly in T. Rowe Price funds may generally elect to receive reports or other communications electronically by enrolling attroweprice.com/paperlessor, if you are a retirement plan sponsor or invest in the funds through a financial intermediary (such as an investment advisor, broker-dealer, insurance company, or bank), by contacting your representative or your financial intermediary.
You may elect to continue receiving paper copies of future shareholder reports free of charge. To do so, if you invest directly with T. Rowe Price, please call T. Rowe Price as follows: IRA, nonretirement account holders, and institutional investors,1-800-225-5132; small business retirement accounts,1-800-492-7670. If you are a retirement plan sponsor or invest in the T. Rowe Price funds through a financial intermediary, please contact your representative or financial intermediary or follow additional instructions if included with this document. Your election to receive paper copies of reports will apply to all funds held in your account with your financial intermediary or, if you invest directly in the T. Rowe Price funds, with T. Rowe Price. Your election can be changed at any time in the future.
T. ROWE PRICE EMERGING MARKETS LOCAL CURRENCY BOND FUND |
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HIGHLIGHTS
■ | The Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund underperformed its benchmark index and the Lipper peer group average for the 12 months ended December 31, 2018. |
■ | Our country allocation and exposure to interest rate changes accounted for the majority of the portfolio’s underperformance. |
■ | In the second half of the year, we began to modestly increase the portfolio’s risk exposure to try to take advantage of bond and currency valuations that had reached attractive levels. |
■ | We expect to see investor sentiment toward emerging markets local currency bonds improve in 2019, likely supported by a peak in global interest rates as well as attractive valuations. |
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CIO Market Commentary
Dear Shareholder
The year 2018 was not one that investors will remember fondly. The major stock indexes recorded their worst declines in a decade, with most falling over 20% from recent peaks and bringing a technical end to the bull market that began in 2009. In direct contrast to 2017, financial assets performed poorly across asset classes and geographies. The broadest measure of domestic bond returns, the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index, returned exactly nothing (0.0%) for the year, and nearly all overseas bond and equity markets also performed poorly. “Cash was king,” in Wall Street parlance, which never makes for a happy reign.
Many issues were behind the market weakness, but we can point to four primary factors that weighed on sentiment:
Rising interest rates.Wage pressures appeared to be accelerating early in the year, sending longer-term bond yields to multiyear highs and sparking a sell-off in equities in early February. Wage gains soon moderated, but a continued decline in the unemployment rate—which reached a five-decade low of 3.7% in September—kept investors on the lookout for higher inflation ahead. In October, yields returned to their peaks on the back of good economic data and suggestions from Federal Reserve officials that they might keep hiking interest rates more quickly than expected. This was subsequently followed by a decline in long-term rates as investors sought safety late in the year and questioned the pace of future interest rate hikes.
Trade tensions.On March 1, President Donald Trump took markets by surprise in announcing a new series of metal tariffs. His administration quickly adopted a decidedly protectionist stance, with pro-trade advocates leaving and the announcement of plans for a range of new trade restrictions. Many threats never materialized, and the White House announced a renegotiated trade deal with Canada and Mexico. Trade tensions with China only appeared to deepen as the year progressed, however.
Slowing global growth. A global slowdown became apparent in the second half of 2018. Environmental and financial reforms put the brakes on the Chinese economy, as planned, but trade frictions caused growth to slow below official targets. Other emerging markets suffered from a stronger U.S. dollar and higher U.S. interest rates. In Europe, trade worries also hampered business spending, while unresolved Brexit fears and further threats to the eurozone from Italy and elsewhere also took a toll. Plummeting oil prices late in the year seemed to confirm a general weakening in global economic conditions.
Peaking fundamentals.The U.S. economy stood apart by accelerating in 2018, but a moderation in 2019 appears all but inevitable as the effects of fiscal stimulus moderate. Of specific concern to investors is the almost certain slowdown in corporate profits in the coming year. Overall profits for the S&P 500 grew by 25% versus the year before in the first three quarters of 2018—a pace sure to slow as the year-over-year impact of the tax cut fades, wage gains pressure margins, and the global economy cools.
The market’s dramatic pullback in the final weeks of 2018—stocks suffered their worst December since the Great Depression—seemed to reflect fears that a recession might even be imminent. I think such concerns are overblown. The Fed has already completed most of its planned rate hikes, promising less of a headwind for the economy and markets. China and Europe are likely to respond to slowing growth with stimulus, and both will benefit from lower oil prices. As I write, some encouraging signs have also emerged on the trade front, although whether the U.S. and China can resolve their differences remains perhaps the largest uncertainty facing markets.
In terms of stock performance, the painful end to 2018 served to improve valuations, making gains in the coming year less of a hurdle. I would also note that a further stock market “bust” in 2019 seems unlikely given that we never experienced the concentrated “boom” that has preceded past bad bear markets. In the final stages of the dot-com boom of the late 1990s, for example, investors flooded in to telecom shares, and huge amounts of capital and risk flowed in to housing in the mid-2000s. Currently, I simply do not see those sorts of distortions in the financial system.
Of course, opinions about what 2019 holds vary among our investment professionals at T. Rowe Price, and we sharpen each other’s thinking by constantly sharing opinions and insights. Please rest assured that your fund’s manager is drawing on the insights and perspectives across our global organization as he or she charts the course ahead.
Thank you for your continued confidence in T. Rowe Price.
Sincerely,
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Robert Sharps
Group Chief Investment Officer
Management’s Discussion of Fund Performance
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The fund seeks to provide high income and capital appreciation.
FUND COMMENTARY
How did the fund perform in the past 12 months?
The T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund returned -7.63% for the 12 months ended December 31, 2018, underperforming the benchmark J.P. Morgan Government Bond Index–Emerging Markets GlobalDiversified and the Lipper peer group average. (Results for Advisor and I Class shares varied slightly, reflecting their different fee structures.Past performance cannot guarantee future results.)
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What factors influenced the fund’s performance?
In a very difficult year for locally denominated emerging markets bonds, our country allocation and exposure to interest rate changes accounted for the majority of the portfolio’s underperformance. The portfolio’s overweightposition in Indonesia was among the most significant detractors as the country’s sovereign bonds declined more than the broad index after the Indonesian central bank raised rates to support its currency. An underweight position in Poland, which offers relatively low yields, also detracted from relative returns as the high-quality bonds held up better than most countries in 2018’s sell-off in the asset class. On the positive side, the fund was underweight Turkey, which declined sharply in the third quarter as President Recep Tayyip Erdogan consolidated his power following his reelection and investors continued to lose confidence in the independence of the country’s central bank. However, the relative performance contribution from our underweight to Turkey did not offset the drag from the overweight to Indonesia and underweight to Poland.
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The portfolio’s overall currency positioning had a neutral effect on relative performance. Some of the largest relative performance contributions came from underweight positions as most emerging markets currencies declined steeply against the U.S. dollar in 2018. An underweight to the Turkish lira, which fell almost 29%, was particularly helpful. Underweight positioning in the South Korean won and the Taiwan dollar, which tend to be less volatile but still declined against the U.S. dollar, also contributed. We also had relative value trades within regions, such as an overweight to the Serbian dinar versus the Polish zloty and a long position in the Colombian peso against the Chilean peso, that benefited relative performance. On the negative side, a smalloverweight to the Argentine peso, which declined by 50% against the U.S. dollar despite Argentina reaching a funding agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), weighed on relative returns. Similarly, modest overweights to the Brazilian real and the Russian ruble detracted.
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The depth of our research resources allows us to evaluate non-benchmark debt and currencies that may offer stronger relative value than the bonds and currencies of the countries that make up the benchmark. We maintained exposure to debt and currencies that arenot included in the benchmark to increase diversification and add yield. These positions included overweights to the Nigerian naira and the Egyptian pound, which contributed to relative performance as their relatively high yields more than offset modest price weakness versus the U.S. dollar. The portfolio also had out-of-benchmark allocations to Sri Lanka’s bonds and currency, partly as a result of the country’s support from the IMF, which has allowed its economy to strengthen.
How is the fund positioned?
In the second half of 2018, we modestly increased the portfolio’s risk exposure to try to take advantage of bond and currency valuations that had reached attractively cheap levels—historically cheap, for some currencies—during the rapid sell-off in the second quarter. Most of this increase in riskier positions focused on bonds as opposed to currencies. We continued to emphasize exposure in countries with relatively attractive inflation-adjusted interest rates or the potential for central bank rate cuts, such as Brazil, Indonesia, and South Africa. In Latin America, we also favor Mexico, where both inflation and political uncertainty seem to have peaked following the election of President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador. In Asia, we added to the portfolio’s position in Indonesia, which offers relatively high inflation-adjusted yields, and Malaysia, where we expect slower growth and lower inflation to be supportive.
In currencies, we added incrementally to emerging markets currencies with particularly attractive valuations while keeping this exposure modest in light of ongoing pressure from Federal Reserve rate hikes and the threat of trade wars. In Latin America, the portfolio continued to be overweight the Brazilian real and the Colombian peso as a result of the improving external positions and potential for structural reforms in both countries. We maintained underweight positions in Asian currencies such as the Taiwan dollar and the Singapore dollar as hedges against the risk of an abrupt slowdown in the Chinese economy resulting from a trade conflict with the U.S. If we see signs that trade concerns are easing, we will revisit these positions.
Market liquidity is a key variable that we are closely monitoring amid the uncertainty about the timing and pace of further Fed rate increases because market volatility can limit our ability to buy and sell emerging markets bonds at efficient prices. We will continue to actively consider market depth and liquidity when evaluating bonds for purchase or sale.
The portfolio maintains allocations to various types of derivatives for hedging purposes or to gain exposure to certain currencies or countries. The fund had meaningful exposure to currency forward contracts in the reporting period, which contributed to absolute returns.
What is portfolio management’s outlook?
We expect to see investor sentiment toward emerging markets local currency bonds improve in 2019, likely supported by a peak in global interest rates as well as attractive valuations. The Fed has made clear that its rate hikes going forward will depend on the strength of U.S. economic data, and the fading stimulus from fiscal policy and well-contained inflation should give the central bank the ability to stop tightening monetary policy in 2019. This would reduce some of the pressure on emerging markets debt and currencies. We also expect investors to return to locally denominated emerging markets debt to take advantage of index yields that climbed above 6.5% in late 2018 and emerging markets currencies that are close to historically cheap levels relative to the U.S. dollar.
Although the Chinese economy appears to be softening in the near term, we anticipate that the country’s government will succeed in stabilizing growth by preventing a major yuan devaluation and by further easing both fiscal and monetary policy. However, trade tensions with the U.S. could hamper the Chinese government’s efforts to support growth, which would likely weigh on other emerging markets, particularly China’s major trading partners in Asia. In this environment, solid fundamental research and analysis are essential, and we believe that the extended reach of T. Rowe Price’s global sovereign, credit, and equity research platforms, combined with our emphasis on collaboration across those platforms, gives us a critical edge in analyzing both risks and opportunities in emerging fixed income markets.
The views expressed reflect the opinions of T. Rowe Price as of the date of this report and are subject to change based on changes in market, economic, or other conditions. These views are not intended to be a forecast of future events and are no guarantee of future results.
RISK OF INTERNATIONAL BOND INVESTING
Funds that invest overseas generally carry more risk than funds that invest strictly in U.S. assets, including unpredictable changes in currency values. Investments in emerging markets are subject to abrupt and severe price declines and should be regarded as speculative. The economic and political structures of developing nations, in most cases, do not compare favorably with the U.S. or other developed countries in terms of wealth and stability, and their financial markets often lack liquidity. Some countries also have legacies of hyperinflation, currency devaluations, and governmental interference in markets.
International investments are subject to currency risk, a decline in the value of a foreign currency versus the U.S. dollar, which reduces the dollar value of securities denominated in that currency. The overall impact on a fund’s holdings can be significant and long-lasting depending on the currencies represented in the portfolio, how each one appreciates or depreciates in relation to the U.S. dollar, and whether currency positions are hedged. Further, exchange rate movements are unpredictable, and it is not possible to effectively hedge the currency risks of many developing countries.
Bonds are also subject to interest rate risk, the decline in bond prices that usually accompanies a rise in interest rates, andcredit risk, the chance that any fund holding could have its credit rating downgraded or that a bond issuer will default (fail to make timely payments of interest or principal), potentially reducing the fund’s income level and share price.
BENCHMARK INFORMATION
Note: Information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but J.P. Morgan does not warrant its completeness or accuracy. The index is used with permission. The index may not be copied, used, or distributed without J.P. Morgan’s prior written approval. Copyright 2018, J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. All rights reserved.
GROWTH OF $10,000
This chart shows the value of a hypothetical $10,000 investment in the fund over the past 10 fiscal year periods or since inception (for funds lacking 10-year records). The result is compared with benchmarks, which include a broad-based market index and may also include a peer group average or index. Market indexes do not include expenses, which are deducted from fund returns as well as mutual fund averages and indexes.
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AVERAGE ANNUAL COMPOUND TOTAL RETURN
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EXPENSE RATIO
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FUND EXPENSE EXAMPLE
As a mutual fund shareholder, you may incur two types of costs: (1) transaction costs, such as redemption fees or sales loads, and (2) ongoing costs, including management fees, distribution and service (12b-1) fees, and other fund expenses. The following example is intended to help you understand your ongoing costs (in dollars) of investing in the fund and to compare these costs with the ongoing costs of investing in other mutual funds. The example is based on an investment of $1,000 invested at the beginning of the most recent six-month period and held for the entire period.
Please note that the fund has three share classes: The original share class (Investor Class) charges no distribution and service (12b-1) fee, Advisor Class shares are offered only through unaffiliated brokers and other financial intermediaries and charge a 0.25% 12b-1 fee, and I Class shares are available to institutionally oriented clients and impose no 12b-1 or administrative fee payment. Each share class is presented separately in the table.
Actual Expenses
The first line of the following table (Actual) provides information about actual account values and expenses based on the fund’s actual returns. You may use the information on this line, together with your account balance, to estimate the expenses that you paid over the period. Simply divide your account value by $1,000 (for example, an $8,600 account value divided by $1,000 = 8.6), then multiply the result by the number on the first line under the heading “Expenses Paid During Period” to estimate the expenses you paid on your account during this period.
Hypothetical Example for Comparison Purposes
The information on the second line of the table (Hypothetical) is based on hypothetical account values and expenses derived from the fund’s actual expense ratio and an assumed 5% per year rate of return before expenses (not the fund’s actual return). You may compare the ongoing costs of investing in the fund with other funds by contrasting this 5% hypothetical example and the 5% hypothetical examples that appear in the shareholder reports of the other funds. The hypothetical account values and expenses may not be used to estimate the actual ending account balance or expenses you paid for the period.
Note:T. Rowe Price charges an annual account service fee of $20, generally for accounts with less than $10,000. The fee is waived for any investor whose T. Rowe Price mutual fund accounts total $50,000 or more; accounts electing to receive electronic delivery of account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, and shareholder reports; or accounts of an investor who is a T. Rowe Price Personal Services or Enhanced Personal Services client (enrollment in these programs generally requires T. Rowe Price assets of at least $250,000). This fee is not included in the accompanying table. If you are subject to the fee, keep it in mind when you are estimating the ongoing expenses of investing in the fund and when comparing the expenses of this fund with other funds.
You should also be aware that the expenses shown in the table highlight only your ongoing costs and do not reflect any transaction costs, such as redemption fees or sales loads. Therefore, the second line of the table is useful in comparing ongoing costs only and will not help you determine the relative total costs of owning different funds. To the extent a fund charges transaction costs, however, the total cost of owning that fund is higher.
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
T. Rowe Price International Funds, Inc. (the corporation) is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). The Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund (the fund) is a nondiversified, open-end management investment company established by the corporation. The fund seeks to provide high income and capital appreciation. The fund has three classes of shares: the Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund (Investor Class), the Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund–Advisor Class (Advisor Class), and the Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund–I Class (I Class). Advisor Class shares are sold only through unaffiliated brokers and other unaffiliated financial intermediaries. I Class shares generally are available only to investors meeting a $1,000,000 minimum investment, although the minimum is generally waived for certain client accounts. The Advisor Class operates under a Board-approved Rule 12b-1 plan pursuant to which the class compensates financial intermediaries for distribution, shareholder servicing, and/or certain administrative services; the Investor and I Classes do not pay Rule 12b-1 fees. Each class has exclusive voting rights on matters related solely to that class; separate voting rights on matters that relate to all classes; and, in all other respects, the same rights and obligations as the other classes.
NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of PreparationThe fund is an investment company and follows accounting and reporting guidance in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)Accounting Standards CodificationTopic 946 (ASC 946). The accompanying financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), including, but not limited to, ASC 946. GAAP requires the use of estimates made by management. Management believes that estimates and valuations are appropriate; however, actual results may differ from those estimates, and the valuations reflected in the accompanying financial statements may differ from the value ultimately realized upon sale or maturity. Certain ratios in the accompanying Financial Highlights have been included to conform to the current year presentation.
Investment Transactions, Investment Income, and DistributionsInvestment transactions are accounted for on the trade date basis. Income and expenses are recorded on the accrual basis. Realized gains and losses are reported on the identified cost basis. Premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized for financial reporting purposes. Inflation adjustments to the principal amount of inflation-indexed bonds are reflected as interest income. Income tax-related interest and penalties, if incurred, arerecorded as income tax expense. Dividends received from mutual fund investments are reflected as dividend income; capital gain distributions are reflected as realized gain/loss. Dividend income and capital gain distributions are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Distributions to shareholders are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Income distributions are declared by each class daily and paid monthly. A capital gain distribution may also be declared and paid by the fund annually.
Currency TranslationAssets, including investments, and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollar values each day at the prevailing exchange rate, using the mean of the bid and asked prices of such currencies against U.S. dollars as quoted by a major bank. Purchases and sales of securities, income, and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rate on the respective date of such transaction. The effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on realized and unrealized security gains and losses is not bifurcated from the portion attributable to changes in market prices.
Class AccountingShareholder servicing, prospectus, and shareholder report expenses incurred by each class are charged directly to the class to which they relate. Expenses common to all classes and investment income are allocated to the classes based upon the relative daily net assets of each class’s settled shares; realized and unrealized gains and losses are allocated based upon the relative daily net assets of each class’s outstanding shares. The Advisor Class pays Rule 12b-1 fees, in an amount not exceeding 0.25% of the class’s average daily net assets.
Redemption FeesA 2% fee is assessed on redemptions of fund shares held for 90 days or less or less than 365 days to deter short-term trading and to protect the interests of long-term shareholders. Redemption fees are withheld from proceeds that shareholders receive from the sale or exchange of fund shares. The fees are paid to the fund and are recorded as an increase to paid-in capital. The fees may cause the redemption price per share to differ from the net asset value per share.
New Accounting GuidanceIn March 2017, the FASB issued amended guidance to shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium. The guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Adoption will have no effect on the fund’s net assets or results of operations.
IndemnificationIn the normal course of business, the fund may provide indemnification in connection with its officers and directors, service providers, and/or private company investments. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown; however, the risk of material loss is currently considered to be remote.
NOTE 2 - VALUATION
The fund’s financial instruments are valued and each class’s net asset value (NAV) per share is computed at the close of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), normally 4 p.m. ET, each day the NYSE is open for business. However, the NAV per share may be calculated at a time other than the normal close of the NYSE if trading on the NYSE is restricted, if the NYSE closes earlier, or as may be permitted by the SEC.
Fair ValueThe fund’s financial instruments are reported at fair value, which GAAP defines as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The T. Rowe Price Valuation Committee (the Valuation Committee) is an internal committee that has been delegated certain responsibilities by the fund’s Board of Directors (the Board) to ensure that financial instruments are appropriately priced at fair value in accordance with GAAP and the 1940 Act. Subject to oversight by the Board, the Valuation Committee develops and oversees pricing-related policies and procedures and approves all fair value determinations. Specifically, the Valuation Committee establishes procedures to value securities; determines pricing techniques, sources, and persons eligible to effect fair value pricing actions; oversees the selection, services, and performance of pricing vendors; oversees valuation-related business continuity practices; and provides guidance on internal controls and valuation-related matters. The Valuation Committee reports to the Board and has representation from legal, portfolio management and trading, operations, risk management, and the fund’s treasurer.
Various valuation techniques and inputs are used to determine the fair value of financial instruments. GAAP establishes the following fair value hierarchy that categorizes the inputs used to measure fair value:
Level 1 – quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical financial instruments that the fund can access at the reporting date
Level 2 – inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly (including, but not limited to, quoted prices for similar financial instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar financial instruments in inactive markets, interest rates and yield curves, implied volatilities, and credit spreads)
Level 3 – unobservable inputs
Observable inputs are developed using market data, such as publicly available information about actual events or transactions, and reflect the assumptions that market participants would use to price the financial instrument. Unobservable inputs are those for which market data are not available and are developed using the best information available about the assumptions that market participants would use to price the financial instrument. GAAP requires valuation techniques to maximize the use of relevant observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. When multiple inputs are used to derive fair value, the financial instrument is assigned to the level within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest-level input that is significant to the fair value of the financial instrument. Input levels are not necessarily an indication of the risk or liquidity associated with financial instruments at that level but rather the degree of judgment used in determining those values.
Valuation TechniquesDebt securities generally are traded in the over-the-counter (OTC) market and are valued at prices furnished by dealers who make markets in such securities or by an independent pricing service, which considers the yield or price of bonds of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, and type, as well as prices quoted by dealers who make markets in such securities. Generally, debt securities are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; however, to the extent the valuations include significant unobservable inputs, the securities would be categorized in Level 3.
Investments in mutual funds are valued at the mutual fund’s closing NAV per share on the day of valuation and are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Listed options, and OTC options with a listed equivalent, are valued at the mean of the closing bid and asked prices and generally are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Exchange-traded options on futures contracts are valued at closing settlement prices and generally are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Financial futures contracts are valued at closing settlement prices and are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Forward currency exchange contracts are valued using the prevailing forward exchange rate and are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Swaps are valued at prices furnished by an independent pricing service or independent swap dealers and generally are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; however, if unobservable inputs are significant to the valuation, the swap would be categorized in Level 3. Assets and liabilities other than financial instruments, including short-term receivables and payables, are carried at cost, or estimated realizable value, if less, which approximates fair value.
Thinly traded financial instruments and those for which the above valuation procedures are inappropriate or are deemed not to reflect fair value are stated at fair value as determined in good faith by the Valuation Committee. The objective of any fair value pricing determination is to arrive at a price that could reasonably be expected from a current sale. Financial instruments fair valued by the Valuation Committee are primarily private placements, restricted securities, warrants, rights, and other securities that are not publicly traded.
Subject to oversight by the Board, the Valuation Committee regularly makes good faith judgments to establish and adjust the fair valuations of certain securities as events occur and circumstances warrant. For instance, in determining the fair value of troubled or thinly traded debt instruments, the Valuation Committee considers a variety of factors, which may include, but are not limited to, the issuer’s business prospects, its financial standing and performance, recent investment transactions in the issuer, strategic events affecting the company, market liquidity for the issuer, and general economic conditions and events. In consultation with the investment and pricing teams, the Valuation Committee will determine an appropriate valuation technique based on available information, which may include both observable and unobservable inputs. The Valuation Committee typically will afford greatest weight to actual prices in arm’s length transactions, to the extent they represent orderly transactions between market participants, transaction information can be reliably obtained, and prices are deemed representative of fair value. However, the Valuation Committee may also consider other valuation methods such as a discount or premium from market value of a similar, freely traded security of the same issuer; discounted cash flows; yield to maturity; or some combination. Fair value determinations are reviewed on a regular basis and updated as information becomes available, including actual purchase and sale transactions of the issue. Because any fair value determination involves a significant amount of judgment, there is a degree of subjectivity inherent in such pricing decisions, and fair value prices determined by the Valuation Committee could differ from those of other market participants. Depending on the relative significance of unobservable inputs, including the valuation technique(s) used, fair valued securities may be categorized in Level 2 or 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Valuation InputsThe following table summarizes the fund’s financial instruments, based on the inputs used to determine their fair values on December 31, 2018 (for further detail by category, please refer to the accompanying Portfolio of Investments):
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There were no material transfers between Levels 1 and 2 during the year ended December 31, 2018.
NOTE 3 - DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the fund invested in derivative instruments. As defined by GAAP, a derivative is a financial instrument whose value is derived from an underlying security price, foreign exchange rate, interest rate, index of prices or rates, or other variable; it requires little or no initial investment and permits or requires net settlement. The fund invests in derivatives only if the expected risks and rewards are consistent with its investment objectives, policies, and overall risk profile, as described in its prospectus and Statement of Additional Information. The fund may use derivatives for a variety of purposes, such as seeking to hedge against declines in principal value, increase yield, invest in an asset with greater efficiency and at a lower cost than is possible through direct investment, to enhance return, or to adjust portfolio duration and credit exposure. The risks associated with the use of derivatives are different from, and potentially much greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the instruments on which the derivatives are based. The fund at all times maintains sufficient cash reserves, liquid assets, or other SEC-permitted asset types to cover its settlement obligations under open derivative contracts.
The fund values its derivatives at fair value and recognizes changes in fair value currently in its results of operations. Accordingly, the fund does not follow hedge accounting, even for derivatives employed as economic hedges. Generally, the fund accounts for its derivatives on a gross basis. It does not offset the fair value of derivative liabilities against the fair value of derivative assets on its financial statements, nor does it offset the fair value of derivative instruments against the right to reclaim or obligation to return collateral.
The following table summarizes the fair value of the fund’s derivative instruments held as of December 31, 2018, and the related location on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities, presented by primary underlying risk exposure:
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Additionally, the amount of gains and losses on derivative instruments recognized in fund earnings during the year ended December 31, 2018, and the related location on the accompanying Statement of Operations is summarized in the following table by primary underlying risk exposure:
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Counterparty Risk and CollateralThe fund invests in derivatives in various markets, which expose it to differing levels of counterparty risk. Counterparty risk on exchange-traded and centrally cleared derivative contracts, such as futures, exchange-traded options, and centrally cleared swaps, is minimal because the clearinghouse provides protection against counterparty defaults. For futures and centrally cleared swaps, thefund is required to deposit collateral in an amount specified by the clearinghouse and the clearing firm (margin requirement), and the margin requirement must be maintained over the life of the contract. Each clearinghouse and clearing firm, in its sole discretion, may adjust the margin requirements applicable to the fund.
Derivatives, such as bilateral swaps, forward currency exchange contracts, and OTC options, that are transacted and settle directly with a counterparty (bilateral derivatives) may expose the fund to greater counterparty risk. To mitigate this risk, the fund has entered into master netting arrangements (MNAs) with certain counterparties that permit net settlement under specified conditions and, for certain counterparties, also require the exchange of collateral to cover mark-to-market exposure. MNAs may be in the form of International Swaps and Derivatives Association master agreements (ISDAs) or foreign exchange letter agreements (FX letters).
MNAs provide the ability to offset amounts the fund owes a counterparty against amounts the counterparty owes the fund (net settlement). Both ISDAs and FX letters generally allow termination of transactions and net settlement upon the occurrence of contractually specified events, such as failure to pay or bankruptcy. In addition, ISDAs specify other events, the occurrence of which would allow one of the parties to terminate. For example, a downgrade in credit rating of a counterparty below a specified rating would allow the fund to terminate, while a decline in the fund’s net assets of more than a specified percentage would allow the counterparty to terminate. Upon termination, all transactions with that counterparty would be liquidated and a net termination amount settled. ISDAs include collateral agreements whereas FX letters do not. Collateral requirements are determined daily based on the net aggregate unrealized gain or loss on all bilateral derivatives with a counterparty, subject to minimum transfer amounts that typically range from $100,000 to $250,000. Any additional collateral required due to changes in security values is typically transferred the same business day.
The following table summarizes the fund’s derivatives at the reporting date by loss exposure to each counterparty, clearinghouse or clearing firm after consideration of collateral, if any. Exchange-traded and centrally cleared derivatives that settle variation margin daily are presented at the variation margin receivable or payable on the reporting date, and exchange-traded options are presented at value.
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Collateral may be in the form of cash or debt securities issued by the U.S. government or related agencies. Cash posted by the fund is reflected as cash deposits in the accompanying financial statements and generally is restricted from withdrawal by the fund; securities posted by the fund are so noted in the accompanying Portfolio ofInvestments; both remain in the fund’s assets. Collateral pledged by counterparties is not included in the fund’s assets because the fund does not obtain effective control over those assets. For bilateral derivatives, collateral posted by the fund is held in a segregated account at the fund’s custodian.
While typically not sold in the same manner as equity or fixed income securities, exchange-traded or centrally cleared derivatives may be closed out only on the exchange or clearinghouse where the contracts were traded, and OTC and bilateral derivatives may be unwound with counterparties or transactions assigned to other counterparties to allow the fund to exit the transaction. This ability is subject to the liquidity of underlying positions.
Forward Currency Exchange ContractsThe fund is subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk in the normal course of pursuing its investment objectives. It uses forward currency exchange contracts (forwards) primarily to protect its non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities from adverse currency movements and to increase exposure to a particular foreign currency or to shift the fund’s foreign currency exposure from one country to another, or to enhance the fund’s return. A forward involves an obligation to purchase or sell a fixed amount of a specific currency on a future date at a price set at the time of the contract. Although certain forwards may be settled by exchanging only the net gain or loss on the contract, most forwards are settled with the exchange of the underlying currencies in accordance with the specified terms. Forwards are valued at the unrealized gain or loss on the contract, which reflects the net amount the fund either is entitled to receive or obligated to deliver, as measured by the difference between the forward exchange rates at the date of entry into the contract and the forward rates at the reporting date. Appreciated forwards are reflected as assets and depreciated forwards are reflected as liabilities on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Risks related to the use of forwards include the possible failure of counterparties to meet the terms of the agreements; that anticipated currency movements will not occur, thereby reducing the fund’s total return; and the potential for losses in excess of the fund’s initial investment. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the volume of the fund’s activity in forwards, based on underlying notional amounts, was generally between 43% and 51% of net assets.
Futures ContractsThe fund is subject to interest rate risk in the normal course of pursuing its investment objectives and uses futures contracts to help manage such risk. The fund may enter into futures contracts to manage exposure to interest rate and yield curve movements, security prices, foreign currencies, credit quality, and mortgage prepayments; as an efficient means of adjusting exposure to all or part of a target market; to enhance income; as a cash management tool; or to adjust portfolio duration and credit exposure. A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another of a specified amount of a specific underlying financial instrument at an agreed upon price, date, time, and place. The fund currently invests only in exchange-traded futures, which generally are standardized as to maturity date, underlying financial instrument, and other contract terms. Payments are made or received by the fund each day to settle daily fluctuations in the value of the contract (variation margin), which reflect changes in the value of the underlying financial instrument. Variation margin is recorded as unrealized gain or loss until the contract is closed. The value of a futures contract included in net assets is the amount of unsettled variation margin; net variation margin receivable is reflected as an asset and net variation margin payable is reflected as a liability on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Risks related to the use of futures contracts include possible illiquidity of the futures markets, contract prices that can be highly volatile and imperfectly correlated to movements in hedged security values and/or interest rates, and potential losses in excess of the fund’s initial investment. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the volume of the fund’s activity in futures, based on underlying notional amounts, was generally between 1% and 5% of net assets.
OptionsThe fund is subject to interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk in the normal course of pursuing its investment objectives and uses options to help manage such risks. The fund may use options to manage exposure to security prices, interest rates, foreign currencies, and credit quality; as an efficient means of adjusting exposure to all or a part of a target market; to enhance income; as a cash management tool; or to adjust credit exposure. Options are included in net assets at fair value, options purchased are included in Investments in Securities, and Options written are separately reflected as a liability on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Premiums on unexercised, expired options are recorded as realized gains or losses; premiums on exercised options are recorded as an adjustment to the proceeds from the sale or cost of the purchase. The difference between the premium and the amount received or paid in a closing transaction is also treated as realized gain or loss. In return for a premium paid, currency options give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy and sell currency at a specified exchange rate. In return for a premium paid, call and putoptions on futures give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to purchase or sell, respectively, a position in a particular futures contract at a specified exercise price. Risks related to the use of options include possible illiquidity of the options markets; trading restrictions imposed by an exchange or counterparty; movements in the underlying asset values and interest rates, and currency values; and, for Options written, potential losses in excess of the fund’s initial investment. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the volume of the fund’s activity in options, based on underlying notional amounts, was generally between 0% and 6% of net assets.
SwapsThe fund is subject to interest rate risk and credit risk in the normal course of pursuing its investment objectives and uses swap contracts to help manage such risks. The fund may use swaps in an effort to manage both long and short exposure to changes in interest rates, inflation rates, and credit quality; to adjust overall exposure to certain markets; to enhance total return or protect the value of portfolio securities; to serve as a cash management tool; or to adjust portfolio duration and credit exposure. Swap agreements can be settled either directly with the counterparty (bilateral swap) or through a central clearinghouse (centrally cleared swap). Fluctuations in the fair value of a contract are reflected in unrealized gain or loss and are reclassified to realized gain or loss upon contract termination or cash settlement. Net periodic receipts or payments required by a contract increase or decrease, respectively, the value of the contract until the contractual payment date, at which time such amounts are reclassified from unrealized to realized gain or loss. For bilateral swaps, cash payments are made or received by the fund on a periodic basis in accordance with contract terms; unrealized gain on contracts and premiums paid are reflected as assets and unrealized loss on contracts and premiums received are reflected as liabilities on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities. For bilateral swaps, premiums paid or received are amortized over the life of the swap and are recognized as realized gain or loss in the Statement of Operations. For centrally cleared swaps, payments are made or received by the fund each day to settle the daily fluctuation in the value of the contract (variation margin). Accordingly, the value of a centrally cleared swap included in net assets is the unsettled variation margin; net variation margin receivable is reflected as an asset and net variation margin payable is reflected as a liability on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities.
Interest rate swaps are agreements to exchange cash flows based on the difference between specified interest rates applied to a notional principal amount for a specified period of time. Risks related to the use of interest rate swaps include the potential for unanticipated movements in interest or currency rates, the possible failure of acounterparty to perform in accordance with the terms of the swap agreements, potential government regulation that could adversely affect the fund’s swap investments, and potential losses in excess of the fund’s initial investment.
Credit default swaps are agreements where one party (the protection buyer) agrees to make periodic payments to another party (the protection seller) in exchange for protection against specified credit events, such as certain defaults and bankruptcies related to an underlying credit instrument, or issuer or index of such instruments. Upon occurrence of a specified credit event, the protection seller is required to pay the buyer the difference between the notional amount of the swap and the value of the underlying credit, either in the form of a net cash settlement or by paying the gross notional amount and accepting delivery of the relevant underlying credit. For credit default swaps where the underlying credit is an index, a specified credit event may affect all or individual underlying securities included in the index and will be settled based upon the relative weighting of the affected underlying security(ies) within the index. Generally, the payment risk for the seller of protection is inversely related to the current market price or credit rating of the underlying credit or the market value of the contract relative to the notional amount, which are indicators of the markets’ valuation of credit quality.As of December 31, 2018, the notional amount of protection sold by the fund totaled $4,405,000 (0.7% of net assets), which reflects the maximum potential amount the fund could be required to pay under such contracts. Risks related to the use of credit default swaps include the possible inability of the fund to accurately assess the current and future creditworthiness of underlying issuers, the possible failure of a counterparty to perform in accordance with the terms of the swap agreements, potential government regulation that could adversely affect the fund’s swap investments, and potential losses in excess of the fund’s initial investment.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the volume of the fund’s activity in swaps, based on underlying notional amounts, was generally between 5% and 14% of net assets.
NOTE 4 - OTHER INVESTMENT TRANSACTIONS
Consistent with its investment objective, the fund engages in the following practices to manage exposure to certain risks and/or to enhance performance. The investment objective, policies, program, and risk factors of the fund are described more fully in the fund’s prospectus and Statement of Additional Information.
Emerging and Frontier MarketsThe fund may invest, either directly or through investments in T. Rowe Price institutional funds, in securities of companies located in, issued by governments of, or denominated in or linked to the currencies of emerging and frontier market countries; at period-end, approximately 85% of the fund’s net assets were invested in emerging markets and 11% in frontier markets. Emerging markets, and to a greater extent frontier markets, generally have economic structures that are less diverse and mature, and political systems that are less stable, than developed countries. These markets may be subject to greater political, economic, and social uncertainty and differing regulatory environments that may potentially impact the fund’s ability to buy or sell certain securities or repatriate proceeds to U.S. dollars. Such securities are often subject to greater price volatility, less liquidity, and higher rates of inflation than U.S. securities. Investing in frontier markets is significantly riskier than investing in other countries, including emerging markets.
Noninvestment-Grade DebtAt December 31, 2018, approximately 36% of the fund’s net assets were invested, either directly or through its investment in T. Rowe Price institutional funds, in noninvestment-grade debt including “high yield” or “junk” bonds or leveraged loans. Noninvestment-grade debt issuers are more likely to suffer an adverse change in financial condition that would result in the inability to meet a financial obligation. The noninvestment-grade debt market may experience sudden and sharp price swings due to a variety of factors, including changes in economic forecasts, stock market activity, large sustained sales by major investors, a high-profile default, or a change in market sentiment. These events may decrease the ability of issuers to make principal and interest payments and adversely affect the liquidity or value, or both, of such securities. Accordingly, securities issued by such companies carry a higher risk of default and should be considered speculative.
Restricted SecuritiesThe fund may invest in securities that are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. Prompt sale of such securities at an acceptable price may be difficult and may involve substantial delays and additional costs.
OtherPurchases and sales of portfolio securities other than short-term securities aggregated $376,887,000 and $259,783,000, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2018.
NOTE 5 - FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
No provision for federal income taxes is required since the fund intends to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code and distribute to shareholders all of its taxable income and gains. Distributions determined in accordance with federal income tax regulations may differ in amount or character from net investment income and realized gains for financial reporting purposes. Financial reporting records are adjusted for permanent book/tax differences to reflect tax character but are not adjusted for temporary differences.
The fund files U.S. federal, state, and local tax returns as required. The fund’s tax returns are subject to examination by the relevant tax authorities until expiration of the applicable statute of limitations, which is generally three years after the filing of the tax return but which can be extended to six years in certain circumstances. Tax returns for open years have incorporated no uncertain tax positions that require a provision for income taxes.
Reclassifications between income and gain relate primarily to the character of net currency losses. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the following reclassifications were recorded to reflect tax character (there was no impact on results of operations or net assets):
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Distributions during the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, were characterized for tax purposes as follows:
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At December 31, 2018, the tax-basis cost of investments, including derivatives, and components of net assets were as follows:
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The difference between book-basis and tax-basis net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) is attributable to the deferral of losses from wash sales and the realization of gains/losses on certain open derivative contracts for tax purposes. The fund intends to retain realized gains to the extent of available capital loss carryforwards. Net realized capital losses may be carried forward indefinitely to offset future realized capital gains.
NOTE 6 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The fund is managed by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (Price Associates), a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. (Price Group). The investment management agreement between the fund and Price Associates provides for an annual investment management fee, which is computed daily and paid monthly. The fee consists of an individual fund fee, equal to 0.45% of the fund’s average daily net assets, and a group fee. The group fee rate is calculated based on the combined net assets of certain mutual funds sponsored by Price Associates (the group) applied to a graduated fee schedule, with rates ranging from 0.48% for the first $1 billion of assets to 0.265% for assets in excess of $650 billion. The fund’s group fee is determined by applying the group fee rate to the fund’s average daily net assets. At December 31, 2018, the effective annual group fee rate was 0.29%.
The Investor Class and Advisor Class are each subject to a contractual expense limitation through the limitation dates indicated in the table below. During the limitation period, Price Associates is required to waive its management fee or pay any expenses (excluding interest, expenses related to borrowings, taxes, brokerage, and other non-recurring expenses permitted by the investment management agreement) that would otherwise cause the class’s ratio of annualized total expenses to average net assets (net expense ratio) to exceed its expense limitation. Each class is required to repay Price Associates for expenses previously waived/paid to the extent the class’s net assets grow or expenses decline sufficiently to allow repayment without causing the class’s net expense ratio (after the repayment is taken into account) to exceed both: (1) the expense limitation in place at the time such amounts were waived; and (2) the class’s current expense limitation. However, no repayment will be made more than three years after the date of a payment or waiver.
The I Class is also subject to an operating expense limitation (I Class limit) pursuant to which Price Associates is contractually required to pay all operating expenses of the I Class, excluding management fees, interest, expenses related to borrowings, taxes, brokerage, and other non-recurring expenses permitted by the investment management agreement, to the extent such operating expenses, on an annualized basis, exceed the I Class limit. This agreement will continue through the limitation date indicated in the table below, and may be renewed, revised, or revoked only with approval of the fund’s Board. The I Class is required to repay Price Associates for expenses previously paid to the extent the class’s net assets grow or expenses decline sufficiently to allow repayment without causing the class’s operating expenses (after the repayment is taken into account) to exceed both: (1) the I Class limit in place at the time such amounts were paid; and (2) the current I Class limit. However, no repayment will be made more than three years after the date of a payment or waiver.
Pursuant to these agreements, expenses were waived/paid by and/or repaid to Price Associates during the year ended December 31, 2018 as indicated in the table below. Including these amounts, expenses previously waived/paid by Price Associates in the amount of $586,000 remain subject to repayment by the fund at December 31, 2018. To the extent any expenses are waived or reimbursed in accordance with an expense limitation, the waiver or reimbursement is charged to the applicable class or allocated across the classes in the same manner as the related expense. Any repayment of expensespreviously waived/paid by Price Associates during the period, if any, would be included in the net investment income and expense ratios presented on the accompanying Financial Highlights.
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In addition, the fund has entered into service agreements with Price Associates and two wholly owned subsidiaries of Price Associates, each an affiliate of the fund (collectively, Price). Price Associates provides certain accounting and administrative services to the fund. T. Rowe Price Services, Inc. provides shareholder and administrative services in its capacity as the fund’s transfer and dividend-disbursing agent. T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. provides subaccounting and recordkeeping services for certain retirement accounts invested in the Investor Class and Advisor Class. For the year ended December 31, 2018, expenses incurred pursuant to these service agreements were $79,000 for Price Associates; $39,000 for T. Rowe Price Services, Inc.; and less than $1,000 for T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. All amounts due to and due from Price, exclusive of investment management fees payable, are presented net on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities.
The fund is also one of several mutual funds sponsored by Price Associates (underlying Price Funds) in which the T. Rowe Price Spectrum Funds (Spectrum Funds) may invest. The Spectrum Funds do not invest in the underlying Price Funds for the purpose of exercising management or control. Pursuant to special servicing agreements, expenses associated with the operation of the Spectrum Funds are borne by each underlying Price Fund to the extent of estimated savings to it and in proportion to the average daily value of its shares owned by the Spectrum Funds. Expenses allocated under these special servicing agreements are reflected as shareholder servicing expense in the accompanying financial statements. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the fund was allocated $417,000 of Spectrum Funds’ expenses. Of these amounts, $263,000 related to services provided by Price. All amounts due to and due from Price, exclusive of investmentmanagement fees payable, are presented net on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities. At December 31, 2018, approximately 83% of the outstanding shares of the Investor Class were held by the Spectrum Funds.
In addition, other mutual funds, trusts, and other accounts managed by Price Associates or its affiliates (collectively, Price funds and accounts) may invest in the fund and are not subject to the special servicing agreements disclosed above. No Price fund or account may invest for the purpose of exercising management or control over the fund. At December 31, 2018, approximately 5% of the Investor’s Class outstanding shares were held by Price funds and accounts.
The fund may invest its cash reserves in certain open-end management investment companies managed by Price Associates and considered affiliates of the fund: the T. Rowe Price Government Reserve Fund or the T. Rowe Price Treasury Reserve Fund, organized as money market funds, or the T. Rowe Price Short-Term Fund, a short-term bond fund (collectively, the Price Reserve Funds). The Price Reserve Funds are offered as short-term investment options to mutual funds, trusts, and other accounts managed by Price Associates or its affiliates and are not available for direct purchase by members of the public. Cash collateral from securities lending is invested in the T. Rowe Price Short-Term Fund. The Price Reserve Funds pay no investment management fees.
As of December 31, 2018, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., or its wholly owned subsidiaries owned 25,084 shares of the Advisor Class, representing 72% of the Advisor Class’s net assets.
The fund may participate in securities purchase and sale transactions with other funds or accounts advised by Price Associates (cross trades), in accordance with procedures adopted by the fund’s Board and Securities and Exchange Commission rules, which require, among other things, that such purchase and sale cross trades be effected at the independent current market price of the security. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the fund had no purchases or sales cross trades with other funds or accounts advised by Price Associates.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors of T. Rowe Price International Funds, Inc. and
Shareholders of T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities, including the portfolio of investments, of T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund (one of the funds constituting T. Rowe Price International Funds, Inc., hereafter referred to as the “Fund”) as of December 31, 2018, the related statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018, the statement of changes in net assets for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018, including the related notes, and the financial highlights for each of the periods indicated therein (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Fund as of December 31, 2018, the results of its operations for the year then ended, the changes in its net assets for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018 and the financial highlights for each of the periods indicated therein, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Fund’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Fund in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our procedures included confirmation of securities owned as of December 31, 2018 by correspondence with the custodians, transfer agent and brokers; when replies were not received from brokers, we performed other auditing procedures. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Baltimore, Maryland
February 15, 2019
We have served as the auditor of one or more investment companies in the T. Rowe Price group of investment companies since 1973.
TAX INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) FOR THE TAX YEAR ENDED 12/31/18
We are providing this information as required by the Internal Revenue Code. The amounts shown may differ from those elsewhere in this report because of differences between tax and financial reporting requirements.
The fund will pass through foreign source income of $16,129,000 and foreign taxes paid of $1,199,000.
INFORMATION ON PROXY VOTING POLICIES, PROCEDURES, AND RECORDS
A description of the policies and procedures used by T. Rowe Price funds and portfolios to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities is available in each fund’s Statement of Additional Information. You may request this document by calling 1-800-225-5132 or by accessing the SEC’s website, sec.gov.
The description of our proxy voting policies and procedures is also available on our corporate website. To access it, please visit the following Web page:
https://www3.troweprice.com/usis/corporate/en/utility/policies.html
Scroll down to the section near the bottom of the page that says, “Proxy Voting Policies.” Click on the Proxy Voting Policies link in the shaded box.
Each fund’s most recent annual proxy voting record is available on our website and through the SEC’s website. To access it through T. Rowe Price, visit the website location shown above, and scroll down to the section near the bottom of the page that says, “Proxy Voting Records.” Click on the Proxy Voting Records link in the shaded box.
HOW TO OBTAIN QUARTERLY PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
Effective for reporting periods on or after March 1, 2019, the fund files a complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year as an exhibit to its reports on Form N-PORT. Prior to March 1, 2019, the fund filed a complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the SEC for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year on Form N-Q. The fund’s Forms N-PORT and N-Q are available electronically on the SEC’s website (sec.gov).
ABOUT THE FUND’S DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
Your fund is overseen by a Board of Directors (Board) that meets regularly to review a wide variety of matters affecting or potentially affecting the fund, including performance, investment programs, compliance matters, advisory fees and expenses, service providers, and business and regulatory affairs. The Board elects the fund’s officers, who are listed in the final table. At least 75% of the Board’s members are independent of the Boards of T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (T. Rowe Price), and its affiliates; “inside” or “interested” directors are employees or officers of T. Rowe Price. The business address of each director and officer is 100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. The Statement of Additional Information includes additional information about the fund directors and is available without charge by calling a T. Rowe Price representative at 1-800-638-5660.
INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS(a) |
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Name (Year of Birth) Year Elected [Number of T. Rowe Price Portfolios Overseen] | | Principal Occupation(s) and Directorships of Public Companies and Other Investment Companies During the Past Five Years |
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Teresa Bryce Bazemore(b) (1959) 2018 [189] | | President, Radian Guaranty (2008 to 2017); Member, Bazemore Consulting LLC (2018 to present); Member, Chimera Investment Corporation (2017 to present); Member, Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (2017 to present) |
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Ronald J. Daniels(b) (1959) 2018 [189] | | President, The Johns Hopkins University(c)and Professor, Political Science Department, The Johns Hopkins University (2009 to present); Director, Lyndhurst Holdings (2015 to present) |
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Bruce W. Duncan (1951) 2013 [189] | | Chief Executive Officer and Director (January 2009 to December 2016), Chairman of the Board (January 2016 to present), and President (January 2009 to September 2016), First Industrial Realty Trust, an owner and operator of industrial properties; Chairman of the Board (2005 to September 2016) and Director (1999 to September 2016), Starwood Hotels & Resorts, a hotel and leisure company; Director, Boston Properties (May 2016 to present); Director, Marriott International, Inc. (September 2016 to present) |
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Robert J. Gerrard, Jr. (1952) 2012 [189] | | Advisory Board Member, Pipeline Crisis/Winning Strategies, a collaborative working to improve opportunities for young African Americans (1997 to present); Chairman of the Board, all funds (since July 2018) |
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Paul F. McBride (1956) 2013 [189] | | Advisory Board Member, Vizzia Technologies (2015 to present); Board Member, Dunbar Armored (2012 to present) |
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Cecilia E. Rouse, Ph.D. (1963) 2012 [189] | | Dean, Woodrow Wilson School (2012 to present); Professor and Researcher, Princeton University (1992 to present); Member of National Academy of Education (2010 to present); Director, MDRC, a nonprofit education and social policy research organization (2011 to present); Research Associate of Labor Studies Program at the National Bureau of Economic Research (2011 to 2015); Board Member of the National Bureau of Economic Research (2011 to present); Chair of Committee on the Status of Minority Groups in the Economic Profession of the American Economic Association (2012 to 2017); Vice President (2015 to 2016), American Economic Association |
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John G. Schreiber (1946) 2001 [189] | | Owner/President, Centaur Capital Partners, Inc., a real estate investment company (1991 to present); Cofounder, Partner, and Cochairman of the Investment Committee, Blackstone Real Estate Advisors, L.P. (1992 to 2015); Director, General Growth Properties, Inc. (2010 to 2013); Director, Blackstone Mortgage Trust, a real estate finance company (2012 to 2016); Director and Chairman of the Board, Brixmor Property Group, Inc. (2013 to present); Director, Hilton Worldwide (2013 to present); Director, Hudson Pacific Properties (2014 to 2016); Director, Invitation Homes (2014 to present) |
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Mark R. Tercek (1957) 2009 [189] | | President and Chief Executive Officer, The Nature Conservancy (2008 to present) |
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(a)All information about the independent directors was current as of December 31, 2017, except for the information provided for Ms. Bazemore and Mr. Daniels, which is current as of January 1, 2018. |
(b)Effective January 1, 2018, Ms. Bazemore and Mr. Daniels were elected as independent directors of the Price Funds. |
(c)William J. Stromberg, president and chief executive officer of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., the parent company of the Price Funds’ investment advisor, has served on the Board of Trustees of Johns Hopkins University since 2014 and is a member of the Johns Hopkins University Board’s Compensation Committee. |
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INSIDE DIRECTORS | | |
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Name (Year of Birth) Year Elected* [Number of T. Rowe Price Portfolios Overseen] | | Principal Occupation(s) and Directorships of Public Companies and Other Investment Companies During the Past Five Years |
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Edward C. Bernard** (1956) 2006 [0] | | Director and Vice President, T. Rowe Price; Vice Chairman of the Board, Director, and Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, Director, and Vice President, T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board and Director, T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, Director, and President, T. Rowe Price International and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chairman of the Board, all funds (2006 to July 2018) |
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David Oestreicher (1967) 2018 [189] | | Chief Legal Officer, Vice President, and Secretary, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Director, Vice President, and Secretary, T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Vice President and Secretary, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Hong Kong, and T. Rowe Price International; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Japan and T. Rowe Price Singapore; Principal Executive Officer and Executive Vice President, all funds |
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Robert W. Sharps, CFA, CPA (1971) 2017 [135] | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company |
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*Each inside director serves until retirement, resignation, or election of a successor. |
**Effective at the conclusion of a meeting of the Boards of the Price Funds held on July 25, 2018, Mr. Bernard resigned from his role as a director and chairman of the Boards of all the Price Funds. |
OFFICERS | | |
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Name (Year of Birth) Position Held With International Funds | | Principal Occupation(s) |
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Jason R. Adams (1979) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly, Research Analyst, Caxton Associates (to 2015) |
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Ulle Adamson, CFA (1979) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Roy H. Adkins (1970) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Christopher D. Alderson (1962) President | | Director and Vice President, T. Rowe Price International; Vice President, Price Hong Kong, Price Singapore, and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Syed H. Ali (1970) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Singapore and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Kennard W. Allen (1977) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Paulina Amieva (1981) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Malik S. Asif (1981) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Ziad Bakri, M.D., CFA (1980) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Harishankar Balkrishna (1983) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Sheena L. Barbosa (1983) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Peter J. Bates, CFA (1974) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Luis M. Baylac (1982) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Timothy Bei (1973) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Oliver D.M. Bell, IMC (1969) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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R. Scott Berg, CFA (1972) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Steven E. Boothe, CFA (1977) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Peter I. Botoucharov (1965) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Tala Boulos (1984) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Darrell N. Braman (1963) Vice President and Secretary | | Vice President, Price Hong Kong, Price Singapore, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price International, T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Services, Inc. |
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Ryan N. Burgess, CFA (1974) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Sheldon Chan (1981) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Andrew Chang (1983) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Tak Yiu Cheng, CFA, CPA (1974) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Carolyn Hoi Che Chu (1974) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Archibald Ciganer Albeniz, CFA (1976) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Richard N. Clattenburg, CFA (1979) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, Price Singapore, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Michael J. Conelius, CFA (1964) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price International, and T. Rowe Price Trust Company |
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Michael F. Connelly, CFA (1977) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Andrew S. Davis (1978) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Richard de los Reyes (1975) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company |
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Michael Della Vedova (1969) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Shawn T. Driscoll (1975) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company |
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Bridget A. Ebner (1970) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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David J. Eiswert, CFA (1972) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Henry M. Ellenbogen (1973) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company |
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Ryan W. Ferro (1985) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly, student, Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth (to 2014) |
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Mark S. Finn, CFA, CPA (1963) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company |
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Quentin S. Fitzsimmons (1968) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International; formerly, Portfolio Manager, Royal Bank of Scotland Group (to 2015) |
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Melissa C. Gallagher (1974) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Justin T. Gerbereux, CFA (1975) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company |
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Aaron Gifford, CFA (1987) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price; formerly, Strategist, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (to 2017); formerly, Strategist, HSBC Securities (to 2013) |
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John R. Gilner (1961) Chief Compliance Officer | | Chief Compliance Officer and Vice President, T. Rowe Price; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc. |
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Vishnu Vardhan Gopal (1979) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Joel Grant (1978) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly, Analyst, Fidelity International (to 2014) |
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Gary J. Greb (1961) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, and T. Rowe Price Trust Company |
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Paul D. Greene II (1978) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Benjamin Griffiths, CFA (1977) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Gianluca Guicciardi (1983) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International; formerly, summer associate, AT Kearney (to 2014) |
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Amanda B. Hall, CFA (1985) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International; formerly, student, Stanford Graduate School of Business (to 2014) |
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Richard L. Hall (1979) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Nabil Hanano, CFA (1984) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Daniel Hirsch, CFA (1985) Vice President | | Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly, Global Equity Analyst, Turner Investments (to 2013) |
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Steven C. Huber, CFA, FSA (1958) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Stefan Hubrich, Ph.D., CFA (1974) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Arif Husain, CFA (1972) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Hiromasa Ikeda (1971) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly, Manager, Fidelity Korea (to 2014) |
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Tetsuji Inoue (1971) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Michael Jacobs (1971) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Randal S. Jenneke (1971) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Prashant G. Jeyaganesh (1983) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Nina P. Jones, CPA (1980) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Yoichiro Kai (1973) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Jacob Kann, CFA (1987) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price |
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Jai Kapadia (1982) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Andrew J. Keirle (1974) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Takanori Kobayashi (1981) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Japan and T. Rowe Price International; formerly, Research Analyst, Allianz Global Investors (to 2017); formerly, Research Analyst, Point72 Asia Asset Management (to 2014) |
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Paul J. Krug, CPA (1964) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company |
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Christopher J. Kushlis, CFA (1976) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Shengrong Lau (1982) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Singapore and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Mark J. Lawrence (1970) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Jacqueline Liu (1979) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly, Investment Analyst, Fidelity International Hong Kong Limited (to 2014) |
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Johannes Loefstrand (1988) Vice President | | Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly, Investment Analyst, Arisaig Partners (to 2013) |
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Anh Lu (1968) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Oxana Lyalina (1987) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price International |
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Sebastien Mallet (1974) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Ryan Martyn (1979) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Catherine D. Mathews (1963) Treasurer and Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company |
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Jonathan H.W. Matthews, CFA (1975) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Raymond A. Mills, Ph.D., CFA (1960) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price International, and T. Rowe Price Trust Company |
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Jihong Min (1979) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Singapore and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Eric C. Moffett (1974) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Ivan Morozov, CFA (1987) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Samy B. Muaddi, CFA (1984) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Tobias F. Mueller (1980) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Thibault Nardin (1983) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Joshua Nelson (1977) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Philip A. Nestico (1976) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Michael Niedzielski (1979) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International; formerly, Manager and Analyst, Fidelity Investments, Boston and London Offices (to 2015) |
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Sridhar Nishtala (1975) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Singapore and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Jason Nogueira, CFA (1974) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Kenneth A. Orchard (1975) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Curt J. Organt, CFA (1968) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Paul T. O’Sullivan (1973) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Oluwaseun A. Oyegunle, CFA (1984) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Gonzalo Pángaro, CFA (1968) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Vivek Rajeswaran (1985) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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John W. Ratzesberger (1975) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; formerly, North American Head of Listed Derivatives Operation, Morgan Stanley (to 2013) |
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Shannon H. Rauser (1987) Assistant Secretary | | Employee, T. Rowe Price |
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Melanie A. Rizzo (1982) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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David L. Rowlett, CFA (1975) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Mariel Santiago (1981) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly, Equity Research Analyst, HSBC Securities, Inc. (to 2014) |
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Federico Santilli, CFA (1974) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Sebastian Schrott (1977) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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John C.A. Sherman (1969) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Gabriel Solomon (1977) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Eunbin Song, CFA (1980) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Singapore and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Joshua K. Spencer, CFA (1973) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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David A. Stanley (1963) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Saurabh Sud, CFA (1985) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly, Senior Vice President, PIMCO (to 2018) |
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Taymour R. Tamaddon, CFA (1976) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Ju Yen Tan (1972) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Sin Dee Tan, CFA (1979) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Dean Tenerelli (1964) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Siby Thomas (1979) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Justin Thomson (1968) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Mitchell J.K. Todd (1974) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Mark J. Vaselkiv (1958) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company |
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Rupinder Vig (1979) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International; formerly, Partner, Egerton Capital (to 2016); formerly, Executive Director, Morgan Stanley (to 2014) |
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Chris Vost (1989) Vice President | | Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly, Investment Banking Analyst, HSBC (to 2013) |
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Zenon Voyiatzis (1971) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International; formerly, Managing Director, UBS Global Asset Management (to 2015) |
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Verena E. Wachnitz, CFA (1978) Executive Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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David J. Wallack (1960) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company |
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Dai Wang (1989) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly, student, Harvard Business School (to 2014) |
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Megan Warren (1968) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; formerly, Executive Director, JP Morgan Chase (to 2017) |
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Hiroshi Watanabe, CFA (1975) Vice President | | Director, Price Japan; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Christopher S. Whitehouse (1972) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Clive M. Williams (1966) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Hong Kong, Price Singapore, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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J. Howard Woodward, CFA (1974) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Marta Yago (1977) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International |
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Benjamin T. Yeagle (1978) Vice President | | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Ernest C. Yeung, CFA (1979) Executive Vice President | | Director, Responsible Officer, and Vice President, Price Hong Kong; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Alison Mei Ling Yip (1966) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
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Eric Yuan (1984) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Hong Kong; formerly, student, Columbia Business School (to 2016); Analyst, Yulan Capital Management (to 2014) |
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Wenli Zheng (1979) Vice President | | Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. |
Unless otherwise noted, officers have been employees of T. Rowe Price or T. Rowe Price International for at least 5 years.
Item 2. Code of Ethics.
The registrant has adopted a code of ethics, as defined in Item 2 of Form N-CSR, applicable to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. A copy of this code of ethics is filed as an exhibit to this Form N-CSR. No substantive amendments were approved or waivers were granted to this code of ethics during the period covered by this report.
Item 3. Audit Committee Financial Expert.
The registrant’s Board of Directors/Trustees has determined that Mr. Bruce W. Duncan qualifies as an audit committee financial expert, as defined in Item 3 of Form N-CSR. Mr. Duncan is considered independent for purposes of Item 3 of Form N-CSR.
Item 4. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
(a) – (d) Aggregate fees billed for the last two fiscal years for professional services rendered to, or on behalf of, the registrant by the registrant’s principal accountant were as follows:
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Audit fees include amounts related to the audit of the registrant’s annual financial statements and services normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings. Audit-related fees include amounts reasonably related to the performance of the audit of the registrant’s financial statements and specifically include the issuance of a report on internal controls and, if applicable, agreed-upon procedures related to fund acquisitions. Tax fees include amounts related to services for tax compliance, tax planning, and tax advice. The nature of these services specifically includes the review of distribution calculations and the preparation of Federal, state, and excise tax returns. All other fees include the registrant’s pro-rata share of amounts for agreed-upon procedures in conjunction with service contract approvals by the registrant’s Board of Directors/Trustees.
(e)(1) The registrant’s audit committee has adopted a policy whereby audit and non-audit services performed by the registrant’s principal accountant for the registrant, its investment adviser, and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the investment adviser that provides ongoing services to the registrant require pre-approval in advance at regularly scheduled audit committee meetings. If such a service is required between regularly scheduled audit committee meetings, pre-approval may be authorized by one audit committee member with ratification at the next scheduled audit committee meeting. Waiver of pre-approval for audit or non-audit services requiring fees of a de minimis amount is not permitted.
(2) No services included in (b) – (d) above were approved pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.
(f) Less than 50 percent of the hours expended on the principal accountant’s engagement to audit the registrant’s financial statements for the most recent fiscal year were attributed to work performed by persons other than the principal accountant’s full-time, permanent employees.
(g) The aggregate fees billed for the most recent fiscal year and the preceding fiscal year by the registrant’s principal accountant for non-audit services rendered to the registrant, its investment adviser, and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the investment adviser that provides ongoing services to the registrant were $2,544,000 and $2,169,000, respectively.
(h) All non-audit services rendered in (g) above were pre-approved by the registrant’s audit committee. Accordingly, these services were considered by the registrant’s audit committee in maintaining the principal accountant’s independence.
Item 5. Audit Committee of Listed Registrants.
Not applicable.
Item 6. Investments.
(a) Not applicable. The complete schedule of investments is included in Item 1 of this Form N-CSR.
(b) Not applicable.
Item 7. Disclosure of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures for Closed-End Management Investment Companies.
Not applicable.
Item 8. Portfolio Managers of Closed-End Management Investment Companies.
Not applicable.
Item 9. Purchases of Equity Securities by Closed-End Management Investment Company and Affiliated Purchasers.
Not applicable.
Item 10. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
Not applicable.
Item 11. Controls and Procedures.
(a) The registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have evaluated the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures within 90 days of this filing and have concluded that the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of that date, in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the registrant in this Form N-CSR was recorded, processed, summarized, and reported timely.
(b) During the period, the Price Funds’ accounting agent, The Bank of New York Mellon (BNYM), converted the fund’s books and records from a legacy fund accounting system / operating model to a BNYM fund accounting system / operating model.
Item 12. Exhibits.
(a)(1) The registrant’s code of ethics pursuant to Item 2 of Form N-CSR is attached.
(2) Separate certifications by the registrant's principal executive officer and principal financial officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and required by Rule 30a-2(a) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, are attached.
(3) Written solicitation to repurchase securities issued by closed-end companies: not applicable.
(b) A certification by the registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and required by Rule 30a-2(b) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, is attached.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
T. Rowe Price International Funds, Inc.
| By | | /s/ David Oestreicher |
| | | David Oestreicher |
| | | Principal Executive Officer |
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Date | | February 15, 2019 | | | | |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| By | | /s/ David Oestreicher |
| | | David Oestreicher |
| | | Principal Executive Officer |
|
Date | | February 15, 2019 | | | | |
|
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| By | | /s/ Catherine D. Mathews |
| | | Catherine D. Mathews |
| | | Principal Financial Officer |
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Date | | February 15, 2019 | | | | |