Portfolio loans | Note 4: Portfolio loans The distribution of portfolio loans is as follows (dollars in thousands) : September 30, December 31, 2019 2018 Commercial $ 1,680,491 $ 1,405,106 Commercial real estate 2,793,380 2,366,823 Real estate construction 426,559 288,197 Retail real estate 1,717,555 1,480,133 Retail other 51,430 28,169 Portfolio loans $ 6,669,415 $ 5,568,428 Allowance for loan losses (52,965) (50,648) Portfolio loans, net $ 6,616,450 $ 5,517,780 Net deferred loan origination costs included in the table above were $5.4 million as of September 30, 2019 and $5.6 million as of December 31, 2018. Net accretable purchase accounting adjustments included in the table above reduced loans by $22.5 million as of September 30, 2019 and $13.9 million as of December 31, 2018. The Company utilizes a loan grading scale to assign a risk grade to all of its loans. A description of the general characteristics of each grade is as follows: ● Pass - This category includes loans that are all considered acceptable credits, ranging from investment or near investment grade, to loans made to borrowers who exhibit credit fundamentals that meet or exceed industry standards. ● Watch- This category includes loans that warrant a higher than average level of monitoring to ensure that weaknesses do not cause the inability of the credit to perform as expected. These loans are not necessarily a problem due to other inherent strengths of the credit, such as guarantor strength, but have above average concern and monitoring. ● Special mention- This category is for “Other Assets Specially Mentioned” loans that have potential weaknesses, which may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s credit position at some future date. ● Substandard- This category includes “Substandard” loans, determined in accordance with regulatory guidelines, for which the accrual of interest has not been stopped. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. ● Substandard Non-accrual- This category includes loans that have all the characteristics of a “Substandard” loan with additional factors that make collection in full highly questionable and improbable. Such loans are placed on non-accrual status and may be dependent on collateral with a value that is difficult to determine. All loans are graded at their inception. Most commercial lending relationships that are $1.0 million or less are processed through an expedited underwriting process. If the credit receives a pass grade, it is aggregated into a homogenous pool of either: $0.35 million or less, or $0.35 million to $1.0 million. These pools are monitored on a regular basis and reviewed annually. Most commercial loans greater than $1.0 million are included in a portfolio review at least annually. Commercial loans greater than $0.35 million that have a grading of special mention or worse are reviewed on a quarterly basis. Interim reviews may take place if circumstances of the borrower warrant a more timely review. The following table is a summary of risk grades segregated by category of portfolio loans (excluding accretable purchase accounting adjustments and clearings) (dollars in thousands) : September 30, 2019 Special Substandard Pass Watch Mention Substandard Non-accrual Commercial $ 1,393,420 $ 167,439 $ 63,516 $ 47,765 $ 10,708 Commercial real estate 2,474,248 189,443 91,689 38,018 11,852 Real estate construction 397,377 24,050 5,151 1,130 611 Retail real estate 1,670,187 14,231 7,565 7,963 8,591 Retail other 51,752 79 — 13 65 Total $ 5,986,984 $ 395,242 $ 167,921 $ 94,889 $ 31,827 December 31, 2018 Special Substandard Pass Watch Mention Substandard Non-accrual Commercial $ 1,126,257 $ 172,449 $ 47,000 $ 42,532 $ 17,953 Commercial real estate 2,106,711 137,214 85,148 36,205 10,298 Real estate construction 268,069 14,562 3,899 1,888 18 Retail real estate 1,448,964 6,425 6,792 5,435 6,698 Retail other 26,707 — — — 30 Total $ 4,976,708 $ 330,650 $ 142,839 $ 86,060 $ 34,997 An analysis of portfolio loans that are past due and still accruing or on a non-accrual status is as follows (dollars in thousands) : September 30, 2019 Loans past due, still accruing Non-accrual 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+Days Loans Commercial $ 464 $ 584 $ 698 $ 10,708 Commercial real estate 474 3,040 222 11,852 Real estate construction 229 198 — 611 Retail real estate 4,119 3,252 354 8,591 Retail other 66 8 2 65 Total $ 5,352 $ 7,082 $ 1,276 $ 31,827 December 31, 2018 Loans past due, still accruing Non-accrual 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+Days Loans Commercial $ 158 $ 140 $ 775 $ 17,953 Commercial real estate 148 558 — 10,298 Real estate construction 121 — 58 18 Retail real estate 4,578 1,368 766 6,698 Retail other 48 2 2 30 Total $ 5,053 $ 2,068 $ 1,601 $ 34,997 The gross interest income that would have been recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 if impaired loans had been current in accordance with their original terms was $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The gross interest income that would have been recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 if impaired loans had been current in accordance with their original terms was $1.6 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The amount of interest collected on those loans and recognized on a cash basis that was included in interest income was insignificant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. A summary of troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) loans is as follows (dollars in thousands) : September 30, December 31, 2019 2018 In compliance with modified terms $ 8,778 $ 8,319 30 — 89 days past due — 127 Included in non-performing loans 3,557 392 Total $ 12,335 $ 8,838 Loans classified as a TDR during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 included one commercial loan for short-term interest rate relief, with a recorded investment of $0.3 million. There were no loans classified as TDRs during the three months ended September 30, 2018. Loans classified as a TDR during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 included one retail real estate modification for short-term interest rate relief, with a recorded investment of $0.1 million. The gross interest income that would have been recorded in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 if TDRs had performed in accordance with their original terms compared with their modified terms was insignificant. One commercial real estate TDR, with a recorded investment of $3.2 million, that was entered into during the last 12 months, was subsequently classified as non-performing and had payment defaults (a default occurs when a loan is 90 days or more past due or transferred to non-accrual) during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. There were no TDRs that were entered into during the prior twelve months that were subsequently classified as non-performing and had payment defaults during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. At September 30, 2019, the Company had $3.1 million of residential real estate in the process of foreclosure. The following tables provide details of loans identified as impaired, segregated by category. The unpaid contractual principal balance represents the recorded balance prior to any partial charge-offs. The recorded investment represents customer balances net of any partial charge-offs recognized on the loan. The average recorded investment is calculated using the most recent four quarters (dollars in thousands) . September 30, 2019 Unpaid Recorded Contractual Investment Recorded Total Average Principal with No Investment Recorded Related Recorded Balance Allowance with Allowance Investment Allowance Investment Commercial $ 16,593 $ 9,237 $ 3,262 $ 12,499 $ 2,671 $ 16,070 Commercial real estate 19,011 8,566 8,823 17,389 2,497 18,104 Real estate construction 1,071 929 — 929 — 759 Retail real estate 14,869 13,141 474 13,615 474 13,569 Retail other 98 67 — 67 — 37 Total $ 51,642 $ 31,940 $ 12,559 $ 44,499 $ 5,642 $ 48,539 December 31, 2018 Unpaid Recorded Contractual Investment Recorded Total Average Principal with No Investment Recorded Related Recorded Balance Allowance with Allowance Investment Allowance Investment Commercial $ 21,442 $ 6,858 $ 12,001 $ 18,859 $ 4,319 $ 13,364 Commercial real estate 19,079 13,082 4,498 17,580 1,181 18,077 Real estate construction 478 453 — 453 — 712 Retail real estate 14,418 13,196 61 13,257 61 14,110 Retail other 117 33 — 33 — 40 Total $ 55,534 $ 33,622 $ 16,560 $ 50,182 $ 5,561 $ 46,303 Management's evaluation as to the ultimate collectability of loans includes estimates regarding future cash flows from operations and the value of property, real and personal, pledged as collateral. These estimates are affected by changing economic conditions and the economic prospects of borrowers. The Company holds acquired loans from business combinations with uncollected principal balances. These loans are carried net of a fair value adjustment for credit risk and interest rates and are only included in the allowance calculation to the extent that the reserve requirement exceeds the fair value adjustment. As the acquired loans renew, it is generally necessary to establish an allowance, which represents an amount that, in management’s opinion, will be adequate to absorb probable credit losses in such loans. The recorded investment of all acquired loans as of September 30, 2019 totaled approximately $1.7 billion. The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories (dollars in thousands) : As of and for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Commercial Real Estate Retail Real Commercial Real Estate Construction Estate Retail Other Total Beginning balance $ 16,733 $ 20,188 $ 3,305 $ 10,613 $ 536 $ 51,375 Provision for loan losses 463 3,167 (359) (86) 226 3,411 Charged-off (817) (1,168) — (226) (288) (2,499) Recoveries 147 33 164 221 113 678 Ending balance $ 16,526 $ 22,220 $ 3,110 $ 10,522 $ 587 $ 52,965 As of and for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Commercial Real Estate Retail Real Commercial Real Estate Construction Estate Retail Other Total Beginning balance $ 17,829 $ 21,137 $ 2,723 $ 8,471 $ 488 $ 50,648 Provision for loan losses 3,417 1,981 54 2,212 375 8,039 Charged-off (5,187) (1,183) — (943) (596) (7,909) Recoveries 467 285 333 782 320 2,187 Ending balance $ 16,526 $ 22,220 $ 3,110 $ 10,522 $ 587 $ 52,965 As of and for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Commercial Real Estate Retail Real Commercial Real Estate Construction Estate Retail Other Total Beginning balance $ 17,586 $ 23,047 $ 2,915 $ 9,293 $ 464 $ 53,305 Provision for loan losses 2,388 (1,291) (15) (399) 75 758 Charged-off (1,144) (62) — (695) (286) (2,187) Recoveries 136 58 32 423 218 867 Ending balance $ 18,966 $ 21,752 $ 2,932 $ 8,622 $ 471 $ 52,743 As of and for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Commercial Real Estate Retail Real Commercial Real Estate Construction Estate Retail Other Total Beginning balance $ 14,779 $ 21,813 $ 2,861 $ 13,783 $ 346 $ 53,582 Provision for loan losses 7,111 1,154 22 (4,609) 346 4,024 Charged-off (3,841) (1,487) (97) (1,637) (608) (7,670) Recoveries 917 272 146 1,085 387 2,807 Ending balance $ 18,966 $ 21,752 $ 2,932 $ 8,622 $ 471 $ 52,743 The following table presents the allowance for loan losses and recorded investments in portfolio loans by category (dollars in thousands) : As of September 30, 2019 Commercial Real Estate Retail Real Commercial Real Estate Construction Estate Retail Other Total Allowance for loan losses Ending balance attributed to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,671 $ 2,497 $ — $ 474 $ — $ 5,642 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 13,855 19,723 3,110 10,048 587 47,323 Ending balance $ 16,526 $ 22,220 $ 3,110 $ 10,522 $ 587 $ 52,965 Loans: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 12,481 $ 14,954 $ 494 $ 12,693 $ 67 $ 40,689 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,667,992 2,775,991 425,630 1,703,940 51,363 6,624,916 PCI loans evaluated for impairment 18 2,435 435 922 — 3,810 Ending balance $ 1,680,491 $ 2,793,380 $ 426,559 $ 1,717,555 $ 51,430 $ 6,669,415 As of December 31, 2018 Commercial Real Estate Retail Real Commercial Real Estate Construction Estate Retail Other Total Allowance for loan losses Ending balance attributed to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 4,319 $ 1,181 $ — $ 61 $ — $ 5,561 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 13,510 19,956 2,723 8,410 488 45,087 Ending balance $ 17,829 $ 21,137 $ 2,723 $ 8,471 $ 488 $ 50,648 Loans: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 18,441 $ 15,318 $ 453 $ 13,159 $ 33 $ 47,404 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,386,247 2,349,243 287,744 1,466,876 28,136 5,518,246 PCI loans evaluated for impairment 418 2,262 — 98 — 2,778 Ending balance $ 1,405,106 $ 2,366,823 $ 288,197 $ 1,480,133 $ 28,169 $ 5,568,428 |