Portfolio loans | Note 4: Portfolio loans The distribution of portfolio loans is as follows (dollars in thousands) : March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Commercial $ 1,767,191 $ 1,748,368 Commercial real estate 2,825,003 2,793,417 Real estate construction 448,313 401,861 Retail real estate 1,656,628 1,693,769 Retail other 48,364 49,834 Portfolio loans $ 6,745,499 $ 6,687,249 Allowance (84,384) (53,748) Portfolio loans, net $ 6,661,115 $ 6,633,501 Net deferred loan origination costs included in the table above were $6.4 million as of March 31, 2020 and $6.2 million as of December 31, 2019. Net accretable purchase accounting adjustments included in the table above reduced loans by $17.7 million as of March 31, 2020 and $20.2 million as of December 31, 2019. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company purchased $43.9 million of retail real estate loans. The Company utilizes a loan grading scale to assign a risk grade to all of its loans. A description of the general characteristics of each grade is as follows: ● Pass - This category includes loans that are all considered acceptable credits, ranging from investment or near investment grade, to loans made to borrowers who exhibit credit fundamentals that meet or exceed industry standards. ● Watch- This category includes loans that warrant a higher than average level of monitoring to ensure that weaknesses do not cause the inability of the credit to perform as expected. These loans are not necessarily a problem due to other inherent strengths of the credit, such as guarantor strength, but have above average concern and monitoring. ● Special mention- This category is for “Other Assets Specially Mentioned” loans that have potential weaknesses, which may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s credit position at some future date. ● Substandard- This category includes “Substandard” loans, determined in accordance with regulatory guidelines, for which the accrual of interest has not been stopped. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. ● Substandard Non-accrual- This category includes loans that have all the characteristics of a “Substandard” loan with additional factors that make collection in full highly questionable and improbable. Such loans are placed on non-accrual status and may be dependent on collateral with a value that is difficult to determine. All loans are graded at their inception. Most commercial lending relationships that are $1.0 million or less are processed through an expedited underwriting process. Most commercial loans greater than $1.0 million are included in a portfolio review at least annually. Commercial loans greater than $0.35 million that have a grading of special mention or worse are reviewed on a quarterly basis. Interim reviews may take place if circumstances of the borrower warrant a more timely review. The following table is a summary of risk grades segregated by category of portfolio loans. March 31, 2020 includes purchase discounts and clearings in the pass rating. December 31, 2019 excludes purchase discounts and clearings. (dollars in thousands) : March 31, 2020 Special Substandard Pass Watch Mention Substandard Non-accrual Commercial $ 1,481,538 $ 150,303 $ 85,231 $ 42,727 $ 7,392 Commercial real estate 2,509,301 178,151 100,365 28,245 8,941 Real estate construction 415,302 28,808 3,222 699 282 Retail real estate 1,624,543 13,075 3,652 6,387 8,971 Retail other 48,273 — — 5 86 Total $ 6,078,957 $ 370,337 $ 192,470 $ 78,063 $ 25,672 December 31, 2019 Special Substandard Pass Watch Mention Substandard Non-accrual Commercial $ 1,458,416 $ 172,526 $ 66,337 $ 41,273 $ 9,096 Commercial real estate 2,477,398 186,963 105,487 26,204 9,178 Real estate construction 351,923 45,262 3,928 737 630 Retail real estate 1,661,691 9,125 5,355 7,001 8,935 Retail other 47,698 — — — 57 Total $ 5,997,126 $ 413,876 $ 181,107 $ 75,215 $ 27,896 Risk grades of portfolio loans, further sorted by origination year at March 31, 2020 is as follows (dollars in thousand) : Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Revolving As of March 31, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior loans Total Commercial: Risk rating Pass $ 183,585 $ 217,732 $ 158,089 $ 136,995 $ 84,025 $ 129,623 $ 571,489 $ 1,481,538 Watch 11,686 29,396 17,424 10,367 4,617 12,958 63,855 150,303 Special Mention 12,010 5,723 1,918 7,316 7,148 15,166 35,950 85,231 Substandard 2,860 6,108 4,640 5,646 1,939 1,425 20,109 42,727 Substandard non-accrual — 3,245 1,871 541 997 738 — 7,392 Total commercial $ 210,141 $ 262,204 $ 183,942 $ 160,865 $ 98,726 $ 159,910 $ 691,403 $ 1,767,191 Commercial real estate: Risk rating Pass $ 154,317 $ 597,120 $ 485,314 $ 551,251 $ 262,300 $ 425,072 $ 33,927 $ 2,509,301 Watch 20,142 61,908 37,717 19,038 19,039 17,375 2,932 178,151 Special Mention 15,788 15,758 18,964 14,042 6,810 28,508 495 100,365 Substandard 2,802 12,855 3,741 6,211 1,884 637 115 28,245 Substandard non-accrual — 1,345 3,813 1,484 564 1,735 — 8,941 Total commercial real estate $ 193,049 $ 688,986 $ 549,549 $ 592,026 $ 290,597 $ 473,327 $ 37,469 $ 2,825,003 Real estate construction: Risk rating Pass $ 26,489 $ 204,437 $ 139,119 $ 20,465 $ 412 $ 1,534 $ 22,846 $ 415,302 Watch 10,936 12,936 2,582 2,140 214 28,808 Special Mention 2,367 703 — — 152 — — 3,222 Substandard — — 655 44 — — — 699 Substandard non-accrual — — 275 — — 7 — 282 Total real estate construction $ 39,792 $ 218,076 $ 142,631 $ 22,649 $ 778 $ 1,541 $ 22,846 $ 448,313 Retail real estate: Risk rating Pass $ 51,441 $ 201,517 $ 199,235 $ 204,376 $ 184,629 $ 381,085 $ 402,260 $ 1,624,543 Watch 296 3,599 1,893 441 1,034 736 5,076 13,075 Special Mention 108 — 180 — 2,001 1,363 — 3,652 Substandard — 1,285 447 537 761 2,904 453 6,387 Substandard non-accrual 100 209 863 486 254 5,541 1,518 8,971 Total retail real estate $ 51,945 $ 206,610 $ 202,618 $ 205,840 $ 188,679 $ 391,629 $ 409,307 $ 1,656,628 Retail other: Risk rating Pass $ 6,126 $ 13,896 $ 9,331 $ 4,942 $ 1,601 $ 1,419 $ 10,958 $ 48,273 Watch — — — — — — — — Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 5 5 Substandard non-accrual 16 47 — 3 17 — 3 86 Total retail other $ 6,142 $ 13,943 $ 9,331 $ 4,945 $ 1,618 $ 1,419 $ 10,966 $ 48,364 An analysis of the amortized cost basis of portfolio loans that are past due and still accruing or on a non-accrual status is as follows (dollars in thousands) : March 31, 2020 Loans past due, still accruing Non-accrual 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+Days Loans Commercial $ 1,047 $ — $ — $ 7,392 Commercial real estate 690 387 159 8,941 Real estate construction — — — 282 Retail real estate 6,910 997 1,287 8,971 Retail other 107 12 94 86 Total $ 8,754 $ 1,396 $ 1,540 $ 25,672 December 31, 2019 Loans past due, still accruing Non-accrual 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+Days Loans Commercial $ 1,075 $ 1,014 $ 199 $ 9,096 Commercial real estate 2,653 3,121 584 9,178 Real estate construction 19 — — 630 Retail real estate 5,021 1,248 828 8,935 Retail other 52 68 — 57 Total $ 8,820 $ 5,451 $ 1,611 $ 27,896 The gross interest income that would have been recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 if non-accrual loans and 90+ days past due loans had been current in accordance with their original terms was $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The amount of interest collected on those loans and recognized on a cash basis that was included in interest income was insignificant for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. A summary of troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) loans is as follows (dollars in thousands) : March 31, December 31, 2020 2019 In compliance with modified terms $ 4,949 $ 5,005 30 — 89 days past due — — Included in non-performing loans 1,686 702 Total $ 6,635 $ 5,707 There were no loans newly classified as TDRs in compliance with modified terms during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Loans newly classified as a TDR in compliance with modified terms during the three months ended March 31, 2019 consisted of one commercial modification for short-term payment relief, with an amortized cost of $3.1 million. Commercial non-performing loans of $0.5 million and commercial real estate non-performing loans of $0.7 million were newly classified as TDRs included in non-performing loans for short-term payment relief during the three months ended March 31, 2020. The gross interest income that would have been recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 if TDRs had performed in accordance with their original terms compared with their modified terms was insignificant. There were no TDRs that were entered into during the prior twelve months that were subsequently classified as non-performing and had payment defaults during the three months ended March 31, 2020 or 2019. At March 31, 2020, the Company had $1.3 million of residential real estate in the process of foreclosure. The following tables provide details of loans evaluated individually, segregated by category. With the adoption of CECL, the Company only evaluated loans with disparate risk characteristics on an individual basis. The unpaid contractual principal balance represents the customer outstanding balance excluding any partial charge-offs. The amortized cost represents customer balances net of any partial charge-offs recognized on the loan. The average amortized cost is calculated using the most recent four quarters (dollars in thousands) . March 31, 2020 Unpaid Amortized Contractual Cost Amortized Total Average Principal with No Cost Amortized Related Amortized Balance Allowance with Allowance Cost Allowance Cost Commercial $ 11,795 $ 3,751 $ 3,671 $ 7,422 $ 2,822 $ 11,493 Commercial real estate 11,992 9,111 1,206 10,317 642 15,226 Real estate construction 579 562 — 562 — 888 Retail real estate 7,642 6,597 474 7,071 474 12,767 Retail other — — — — — 34 Total $ 32,008 $ 20,021 $ 5,351 $ 25,372 $ 3,938 $ 40,408 December 31, 2019 Unpaid Amortized Contractual Cost Amortized Total Average Principal with No Cost Amortized Related Amortized Balance Allowance with Allowance Cost Allowance Cost Commercial $ 14,415 $ 4,727 $ 5,026 $ 9,753 $ 3,330 $ 13,774 Commercial real estate 14,487 9,883 2,039 11,922 1,049 16,678 Real estate construction 1,116 974 — 974 — 873 Retail real estate 15,581 13,898 474 14,372 474 14,003 Retail other 87 58 — 58 — 42 Total $ 45,686 $ 29,540 $ 7,539 $ 37,079 $ 4,853 $ 45,370 Management's evaluation as to the ultimate collectability of loans includes estimates regarding future cash flows from operations and the value of property, real and personal, pledged as collateral. These estimates are affected by changing economic conditions and the economic prospects of borrowers. Collateral dependent loans are loans in which repayment is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral and there are no other available and reliable sources of repayment. They are written down to the lower of cost or fair value of underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell. As of March 31, 2020, there were $13.5 million of collateral dependent loans which are secured by real estate or business assets. Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The cumulative loss rate used as the basis for the estimate of credit losses is comprised of the Company’s historical loss experience from 2010-2019. As of March 31, 2020, the Company expects the markets in which it operates to experience a decline in economic conditions and an increase in the unemployment rate and level of delinquencies over the next 12 months. Management adjusted the historical loss experience for these expectations with an immediate reversion to historical loss rate beyond this forecast period. The following table details activity in the allowance. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories (dollars in thousands) : As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Commercial Real Estate Retail Real Commercial Real Estate Construction Estate Retail Other Total Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASC 326 $ 18,291 $ 21,190 $ 3,204 $ 10,495 $ 568 $ 53,748 Adoption of ASC 326 715 9,306 2,954 3,292 566 16,833 Provision for credit losses 5,673 6,526 889 4,037 91 17,216 Charged-off (2,042) (1,099) — (708) (299) (4,148) Recoveries 88 44 146 338 119 735 Ending balance $ 22,725 $ 35,967 $ 7,193 $ 17,454 $ 1,045 $ 84,384 As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Commercial Real Estate Retail Real Commercial Real Estate Construction Estate Retail Other Total Beginning balance $ 17,829 $ 21,137 $ 2,723 $ 8,471 $ 488 $ 50,648 Provision for loan losses 1,793 (1,089) 2 1,357 48 2,111 Charged-off (1,807) (15) — (517) (130) (2,469) Recoveries 183 64 82 192 104 625 Ending balance $ 17,998 $ 20,097 $ 2,807 $ 9,503 $ 510 $ 50,915 The following table presents the allowance and amortized cost of portfolio loans by category (dollars in thousands) : As of March 31, 2020 Commercial Real Estate Retail Real Commercial Real Estate Construction Estate Retail Other Total Allowance Ending balance attributed to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,822 $ 642 $ — $ 474 $ — $ 3,938 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 19,903 35,325 7,193 16,980 1,045 80,446 Ending balance $ 22,725 $ 35,967 $ 7,193 $ 17,454 $ 1,045 $ 84,384 Loans: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 7,414 $ 8,452 $ 307 $ 6,618 $ — $ 22,791 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,759,769 2,814,686 447,751 1,649,557 48,364 6,720,127 PCD loans evaluated for impairment 8 1,865 255 453 — 2,581 Ending balance $ 1,767,191 $ 2,825,003 $ 448,313 $ 1,656,628 $ 48,364 $ 6,745,499 As of December 31, 2019 Commercial Real Estate Retail Real Commercial Real Estate Construction Estate Retail Other Total Allowance Ending balance attributed to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 3,330 $ 1,049 $ — $ 474 $ — $ 4,853 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 14,961 20,141 3,204 10,021 568 48,895 Ending balance $ 18,291 $ 21,190 $ 3,204 $ 10,495 $ 568 $ 53,748 Loans: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 9,740 $ 10,018 $ 539 $ 13,676 $ 58 $ 34,031 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,738,615 2,781,495 400,887 1,679,397 49,776 6,650,170 PCI loans evaluated for impairment 13 1,904 435 696 — 3,048 Ending balance $ 1,748,368 $ 2,793,417 $ 401,861 $ 1,693,769 $ 49,834 $ 6,687,249 |