Portfolio loans | Note 4: Portfolio loans The distribution of portfolio loans is as follows (dollars in thousands) : September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Commercial $ 2,281,031 $ 1,748,368 Commercial real estate 2,912,408 2,793,417 Real estate construction 407,266 401,861 Retail real estate 1,480,520 1,693,769 Retail other 40,086 49,834 Portfolio loans $ 7,121,311 $ 6,687,249 Allowance (98,841) (53,748) Portfolio loans, net $ 7,022,470 $ 6,633,501 Net deferred loan origination fees included in the balances above were $(6.0) million as of September 30, 2020 compared to $6.2 million of net deferred loan origination costs as of December 31, 2019. Net accretable purchase accounting adjustments included in the balances above reduced loans by $13.2 million as of September 30, 2020 and $20.2 million as of December 31, 2019. The September 30, 2020 commercial balance includes loans originated under PPP with an amortized cost of $736.4 million. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company purchased $43.9 million of retail real estate loans. There were no purchases during the second or third quarters of 2020. The Company utilizes a loan grading scale to assign a risk grade to all of its loans. A description of the general characteristics of each grade is as follows: ● Pass - This category includes loans that are all considered acceptable credits, ranging from investment or near investment grade, to loans made to borrowers who exhibit credit fundamentals that meet or exceed industry standards. ● Watch- This category includes loans that warrant a higher than average level of monitoring to ensure that weaknesses do not cause the inability of the credit to perform as expected. These loans are not necessarily a problem due to other inherent strengths of the credit, such as guarantor strength, but have above average concern and monitoring. ● Special mention- This category is for “Other Assets Specially Mentioned” loans that have potential weaknesses, which may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s credit position at some future date. ● Substandard- This category includes “Substandard” loans, determined in accordance with regulatory guidelines, for which the accrual of interest has not been stopped. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. ● Substandard Non-accrual- This category includes loans that have all the characteristics of a “Substandard” loan with additional factors that make collection in full highly questionable and improbable. Such loans are placed on non-accrual status and may be dependent on collateral with a value that is difficult to determine. All loans are graded at their inception. Most commercial lending relationships that are $1.0 million or less are processed through an expedited underwriting process. Most commercial loans greater than $1.0 million are included in a portfolio review at least annually. Commercial loans greater than $0.35 million that have a grading of special mention or worse are reviewed on a quarterly basis. Interim reviews may take place if circumstances of the borrower warrant a more timely review. The following table is a summary of risk grades segregated by category of portfolio loans. September 30, 2020 includes purchase discounts and clearings in the pass rating. December 31, 2019 excludes purchase discounts and clearings. (dollars in thousands) : September 30, 2020 Special Substandard Pass Watch Mention Substandard Non-accrual Commercial $ 2,011,113 $ 145,817 $ 82,942 $ 33,247 $ 7,912 Commercial real estate 2,541,455 255,447 71,315 37,052 7,139 Real estate construction 376,787 26,820 603 2,797 259 Retail real estate 1,452,145 10,960 4,069 4,848 8,498 Retail other 39,996 — — — 90 Total $ 6,421,496 $ 439,044 $ 158,929 $ 77,944 $ 23,898 December 31, 2019 Special Substandard Pass Watch Mention Substandard Non-accrual Commercial $ 1,458,416 $ 172,526 $ 66,337 $ 41,273 $ 9,096 Commercial real estate 2,477,398 186,963 105,487 26,204 9,178 Real estate construction 351,923 45,262 3,928 737 630 Retail real estate 1,661,691 9,125 5,355 7,001 8,935 Retail other 47,698 — — — 57 Total $ 5,997,126 $ 413,876 $ 181,107 $ 75,215 $ 27,896 Risk grades of portfolio loans, further sorted by origination year at September 30, 2020 is as follows (dollars in thousand) : Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Revolving As of September 30, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior loans Total Commercial: Risk rating Pass $ 1,029,324 $ 173,103 $ 117,434 $ 100,388 $ 67,473 $ 87,096 $ 436,295 $ 2,011,113 Watch 24,601 21,566 16,918 14,606 3,488 13,653 50,985 145,817 Special Mention 6,011 2,572 2,166 7,181 6,853 14,949 43,210 82,942 Substandard 8,450 3,578 2,528 4,437 935 1,292 12,027 33,247 Substandard non-accrual 348 3,076 586 540 792 70 2,500 7,912 Total commercial $ 1,068,734 $ 203,895 $ 139,632 $ 127,152 $ 79,541 $ 117,060 $ 545,017 $ 2,281,031 Commercial real estate: Risk rating Pass $ 557,205 $ 565,460 $ 425,448 $ 439,438 $ 215,498 $ 315,026 $ 23,380 $ 2,541,455 Watch 52,304 71,844 62,609 28,787 21,629 18,186 88 255,447 Special Mention 8,429 14,981 5,479 12,664 6,096 23,170 496 71,315 Substandard 19,809 4,662 1,197 7,165 2,137 1,587 495 37,052 Substandard non-accrual 923 795 1,939 1,475 287 1,720 — 7,139 Total commercial real estate $ 638,670 $ 657,742 $ 496,672 $ 489,529 $ 245,647 $ 359,689 $ 24,459 $ 2,912,408 Real estate construction: Risk rating Pass $ 107,927 $ 188,254 $ 60,326 $ 1,188 $ 568 $ 1,868 $ 16,656 $ 376,787 Watch 17,661 4,266 2,515 2,205 173 26,820 Special Mention 592 11 — — — — — 603 Substandard 2,577 — 47 25 148 — — 2,797 Substandard non-accrual — — 256 — — 3 — 259 Total real estate construction $ 128,757 $ 192,531 $ 63,144 $ 3,418 $ 889 $ 1,871 $ 16,656 $ 407,266 Retail real estate: Risk rating Pass $ 273,752 $ 180,799 $ 152,772 $ 158,192 $ 157,611 $ 293,570 $ 235,449 $ 1,452,145 Watch 1,570 2,090 1,255 320 570 255 4,900 10,960 Special Mention 516 — 70 589 1,975 919 — 4,069 Substandard 1,642 100 330 82 770 1,655 269 4,848 Substandard non-accrual 275 81 697 688 239 4,929 1,589 8,498 Total retail real estate $ 277,755 $ 183,070 $ 155,124 $ 159,871 $ 161,165 $ 301,328 $ 242,207 $ 1,480,520 Retail other: Risk rating Pass $ 6,974 $ 10,695 $ 6,798 $ 3,336 $ 961 $ 777 $ 10,455 $ 39,996 Watch — — — — — — — — Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Substandard non-accrual 15 7 — 2 1 64 1 90 Total retail other $ 6,989 $ 10,702 $ 6,798 $ 3,338 $ 962 $ 841 $ 10,456 $ 40,086 An analysis of the amortized cost basis of portfolio loans that are past due and still accruing or on a non-accrual status is as follows (dollars in thousands) : September 30, 2020 Loans past due, still accruing Non-accrual 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+Days Loans Commercial $ 53 $ — $ — $ 7,912 Commercial real estate 74 294 — 7,139 Real estate construction — — — 259 Retail real estate 4,606 1,558 262 8,498 Retail other 98 25 17 90 Total $ 4,831 $ 1,877 $ 279 $ 23,898 December 31, 2019 Loans past due, still accruing Non-accrual 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+Days Loans Commercial $ 1,075 $ 1,014 $ 199 $ 9,096 Commercial real estate 2,653 3,121 584 9,178 Real estate construction 19 — — 630 Retail real estate 5,021 1,248 828 8,935 Retail other 52 68 — 57 Total $ 8,820 $ 5,451 $ 1,611 $ 27,896 The gross interest income that would have been recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 if non-accrual loans and 90+ days past due loans had been current in accordance with their original terms was $0.5 million. The gross interest income that would have been recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 if non-accrual loans and 90+ days past due loans had been current in accordance with their original terms was $1.4 million and $1.6 million, respectively. The amount of interest collected on those loans and recognized on a cash basis that was included in interest income was insignificant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. A summary of troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) loans is as follows (dollars in thousands) : September 30, December 31, 2020 2019 In compliance with modified terms $ 3,927 $ 5,005 30 — 89 days past due 291 — Included in non-performing loans 1,253 702 Total $ 5,471 $ 5,707 Loans newly classified as a TDR in compliance with modified terms during the three months ended September 30, 2020, included one retail real estate loan for payment modification with a recorded investment of $0.2 million. Loans newly classified as a TDR in compliance with modified terms during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, included two retail real estate loans for payment modifications with a recorded investment of $0.4 million. Loans newly classified as a TDR in compliance with modified terms during the three months ended September 30, 2019, included one commercial loan for short-term interest rate relief, with a recorded investment of $0.3 million. Loans newly classified as a TDR in compliance with modified terms during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, included one commercial loan for payment modification with a recorded investment of $0.6 million and one commercial loan for short-term interest rate relief, with a recorded investment of $0.3 million. The gross interest income that would have been recorded in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 if TDRs had performed in accordance with their original terms compared with their modified terms was insignificant. There were no TDRs that were entered into during the last 12 months that were subsequently classified as non-performing and had payment defaults (a default occurs when a loan is 90 days or more past due or transferred to non-accrual) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. One commercial real estate TDR, with a recorded investment of $3.2 million, that was entered into during the prior 12 months, was subsequently classified as non-performing and had payment defaults during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Modified loans with payment deferrals that fall under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) or revised Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions that suspended requirements under GAAP related to TDR classification are not included in the Company’s TDR totals. At September 30, 2020, the Company had $1.2 million of residential real estate in the process of foreclosure. The Company has elected to follow the Federal Housing Finance Agency guidelines on single-family foreclosures and real estate owned evictions on portfolio loans. The agency has extended the moratoriums on single-family foreclosures and real estate owned evictions until at least December 31, 2020 which will delay many foreclosures into 2021. The following tables provide details of loans evaluated individually, segregated by category. With the adoption of CECL, the Company only evaluated loans with disparate risk characteristics on an individual basis. The unpaid contractual principal balance represents the customer outstanding balance excluding any partial charge-offs. The amortized cost represents customer balances net of any partial charge-offs recognized on the loan. The average amortized cost is calculated using the most recent four quarters (dollars in thousands) . September 30, 2020 Unpaid Amortized Contractual Cost Amortized Total Average Principal with No Cost Amortized Related Amortized Balance Allowance with Allowance Cost Allowance Cost Commercial $ 15,464 $ 2,554 $ 5,205 $ 7,759 $ 1,694 $ 8,746 Commercial real estate 9,047 7,737 594 8,331 236 11,613 Real estate construction 569 552 — 552 — 709 Retail real estate 5,285 4,578 474 5,052 474 9,059 Retail other — — — — — 23 Total $ 30,365 $ 15,421 $ 6,273 $ 21,694 $ 2,404 $ 30,150 December 31, 2019 Unpaid Amortized Contractual Cost Amortized Total Average Principal with No Cost Amortized Related Amortized Balance Allowance with Allowance Cost Allowance Cost Commercial $ 14,415 $ 4,727 $ 5,026 $ 9,753 $ 3,330 $ 13,774 Commercial real estate 14,487 9,883 2,039 11,922 1,049 16,678 Real estate construction 1,116 974 — 974 — 873 Retail real estate 15,581 13,898 474 14,372 474 14,003 Retail other 87 58 — 58 — 42 Total $ 45,686 $ 29,540 $ 7,539 $ 37,079 $ 4,853 $ 45,370 Management's evaluation as to the ultimate collectability of loans includes estimates regarding future cash flows from operations and the value of property, real and personal, pledged as collateral. These estimates are affected by changing economic conditions and the economic prospects of borrowers. Collateral dependent loans are loans in which repayment is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral and there are no other available and reliable sources of repayment. Loans are written down to the lower of cost or fair value of underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell. As of September 30, 2020, there were $17.5 million of collateral dependent loans which are secured by real estate or business assets. Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The cumulative loss rate used as the basis for the estimate of credit losses is comprised of the Company’s historical loss experience beginning in 2010. As of September 30, 2020, the Company expects the markets in which it operates to experience declines in economic conditions and increases in the unemployment rates and levels of delinquencies over the next 12 months. Management adjusted the historical loss experience for these expectations with an immediate reversion to historical loss rate beyond this forecast period. PPP loans were excluded from the allowance calculation as they are 100% government guaranteed. The following table details activity in the allowance. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories (dollars in thousands) : As of and for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Commercial Real Estate Retail Real Commercial Real Estate Construction Estate Retail Other Total Beginning balance $ 24,146 $ 42,680 $ 7,792 $ 20,405 $ 1,023 $ 96,046 Provision for credit losses 2,593 3,703 (381) (383) 17 5,549 Charged-off (2,500) (569) (18) (139) (171) (3,397) Recoveries 124 103 26 301 89 643 Ending balance $ 24,363 $ 45,917 $ 7,419 $ 20,184 $ 958 $ 98,841 As of and for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Commercial Real Estate Retail Real Commercial Real Estate Construction Estate Retail Other Total Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASC 326 $ 18,291 $ 21,190 $ 3,204 $ 10,495 $ 568 $ 53,748 Adoption of ASC 326 715 9,306 2,954 3,292 566 16,833 Provision for credit losses 10,739 17,090 1,082 6,635 110 35,656 Charged-off (5,682) (1,833) (18) (1,139) (575) (9,247) Recoveries 300 164 197 901 289 1,851 Ending balance $ 24,363 $ 45,917 $ 7,419 $ 20,184 $ 958 $ 98,841 As of and for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Commercial Real Estate Retail Real Commercial Real Estate Construction Estate Retail Other Total Beginning balance $ 16,733 $ 20,188 $ 3,305 $ 10,613 536 $ 51,375 Provision for loan losses 463 3,167 (359) (86) 226 3,411 Charged-off (817) (1,168) — (226) (288) (2,499) Recoveries 147 33 164 221 113 678 Ending balance $ 16,526 $ 22,220 $ 3,110 $ 10,522 $ 587 $ 52,965 As of and for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Commercial Real Estate Retail Real Commercial Real Estate Construction Estate Retail Other Total Beginning balance $ 17,829 $ 21,137 $ 2,723 $ 8,471 $ 488 $ 50,648 Provision for loan losses 3,417 1,981 54 2,212 375 8,039 Charged-off (5,187) (1,183) — (943) (596) (7,909) Recoveries 467 285 333 782 320 2,187 Ending balance $ 16,526 $ 22,220 $ 3,110 $ 10,522 $ 587 $ 52,965 The following table presents the allowance and amortized cost of portfolio loans by category (dollars in thousands) : As of September 30, 2020 Commercial Real Estate Retail Real Commercial Real Estate Construction Estate Retail Other Total Allowance Ending balance attributed to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,694 $ 236 $ — $ 474 $ — $ 2,404 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 22,669 45,681 7,419 19,710 958 96,437 Ending balance $ 24,363 $ 45,917 $ 7,419 $ 20,184 $ 958 $ 98,841 Loans: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 7,759 $ 6,415 $ 297 $ 4,666 $ — $ 19,137 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 2,273,272 2,904,077 406,714 1,475,468 40,086 7,099,617 PCD loans evaluated for impairment — 1,916 255 386 — 2,557 Ending balance $ 2,281,031 $ 2,912,408 $ 407,266 $ 1,480,520 $ 40,086 $ 7,121,311 As of December 31, 2019 Commercial Real Estate Retail Real Commercial Real Estate Construction Estate Retail Other Total Allowance Ending balance attributed to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 3,330 $ 1,049 $ — $ 474 $ — $ 4,853 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 14,961 20,141 3,204 10,021 568 48,895 Ending balance $ 18,291 $ 21,190 $ 3,204 $ 10,495 $ 568 $ 53,748 Loans: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 9,740 $ 10,018 $ 539 $ 13,676 $ 58 $ 34,031 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,738,615 2,781,495 400,887 1,679,397 49,776 6,650,170 PCI loans evaluated for impairment 13 1,904 435 696 — 3,048 Ending balance $ 1,748,368 $ 2,793,417 $ 401,861 $ 1,693,769 $ 49,834 $ 6,687,249 |