Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 4 — Allowance for Credit Losses The estimation of the ACL is based on a loss-rate methodology that measures lifetime losses on loan pools that have similar risk characteristics. Loans that do not have similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. The segmentation of the loan portfolio into pools requires a balancing process between capturing similar risk characteristics and containing sufficient loss history to provide meaningful results. Our segmentation starts at the general loan category with further sub-segmentation based on collateral types that may be of meaningful size and/or may contain sufficient differences in risk characteristics based on management’s judgement that would warrant further segmentation. The general loan categories along with primary risk characteristics used in our calculation are as follows: Commercial and industrial loans. Construction and land development loans. Commercial real estate loans. This category includes loans secured by farmland, multifamily properties, owner occupied commercial properties, and non-owner occupied commercial properties. Owner occupied commercial properties include warehouses often along the border for import/export operations, office space where the borrower is the primary tenant, restaurants and other single-tenant retail. Non-owner occupied commercial properties include hotels, retail centers, office and professional buildings, and leased warehouses. These loans carry risk of repayment when market values deteriorate, the business experiences turnover in key management, the business has an inability to attract or keep occupancy levels stable, or when the market experiences an exit of a specific business type that is significant to the local economy, such as a manufacturing plant. 1-4 family mortgages. This category includes both first and second lien mortgages for the purpose of home purchases or refinancing of existing mortgage loans. A small portion of this loan category is related to home equity lines of credits, lots purchases, and home construction. Loan repayments may be affected by unemployment or underemployment and deteriorating market values of real estate. Consumer loans. The loan pools are further broken down using a risk-based segmentation based on internal classifications for commercial loans and past due status for consumer mortgage loans. Non-mortgage consumer loans are evaluated as one segment. On a weekly basis, commercial loan past due reports are reviewed by the credit quality committee to determine if a loan has any potential problems and if a loan should be placed on our internal Watch List report. Additionally, our credit department reviews the majority of our loans for proper internal classification purposes regardless of whether they are past due and segregates any loans with potential problems for further review. The credit department will discuss the potential problem loans with the servicing loan officers to determine any relevant issues that were not discovered in the evaluation. Also, an analysis of loans that is provided through examinations by regulatory authorities is considered in the review process. After the above analysis is completed, we will determine if a loan should be placed on an internal Watch List report because of issues related to the analysis of the credit, credit documents, collateral and/or payment history. Our internal Watch List report is segregated into the following categories: (i) Pass, (ii) Economic Monitoring, (iii) Special Review, (iv) Watch List—Pass, (v) Watch List—Substandard, and (vi) Watch List—Doubtful. The loans placed in the Special Review category and lower rated credits reflect our opinion that the loans reflect potential weakness which require monitoring on a more frequent basis. Credits in those categories are reviewed and discussed on a regular basis, no less frequently than quarterly, with the credit department and the lending staff to determine if a change in category is warranted. The loans placed in the Watch List—Pass category and lower rated credits reflect our opinion that the credit contains weaknesses which represent a greater degree of risk, which warrant “extra attention.” Credits in this category are reviewed and discussed on a regular basis with the credit department and the lending staff to determine if a change in category is warranted. The loans placed in the Watch List—Substandard category are considered to be potentially inadequately protected by the current sound worth and debt service capacity of the borrower or of any pledged collateral. These credit obligations, even if apparently protected by collateral value, have shown defined weaknesses related to adverse financial, managerial, economic, market or political conditions which may jeopardize repayment of principal and interest. Furthermore, there is the possibility that we may sustain some future loss if such weaknesses are not corrected. The loans placed in the Watch List—Doubtful category have shown defined weaknesses and it is likely, based on current information and events, that we will be unable to collect all principal and/or interest amounts contractually due. Watch List—Doubtful loans are placed on non-accrual when they are moved to that category. For the purposes of the ACL, in order to maintain segments with sufficient history for meaningful results, the credits in the Pass and Economic Monitoring categories are aggregated, the credits in the Special Review and Watch List—Pass credits are aggregated, and the credits in the Watch List—Substandard category remain in their own segment. For loans that are classified as Watch List—Doubtful, management evaluates these credits in accordance with ASC 310-10, “Receivables,” and, if deemed necessary, a specific reserve is allocated to the loan. The specific reserve allocated under ASC 310-10, is based on (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (ii) the loan’s observable market price; or (iii) net realizable value of the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Substantially all of our loans evaluated as Watch List—Doubtful under ASC 310-10 are measured using the fair value of collateral method. In rare cases, we may use other methods to determine the specific reserve of a loan under ASC 310-10 if such loan is not collateral dependent. Within each collectively evaluated pool, the robustness of the lifetime historical loss-rate is evaluated and, if needed, is supplemented with peer loss rates through a model risk adjustment. Certain qualitative loss factors are then evaluated to incorporate management’s two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period followed by a reversion to the pool’s average lifetime loss-rate. Those qualitative loss factors are: (i) trends in portfolio volume and composition, (ii) volume and trends in classified loans, delinquencies, non-accruals and TDR’s, (iii) concentration risk, (iv) trends in underlying collateral value, (v) changes in policies, procedures, and strategies, and (vi) economic conditions. Qualitative factors also include potential losses stemming from operational risk factors arising from fraud, natural disasters, pandemics and geopolitical events. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the ACL change, our estimate could also change, which could affect the level of future credit loss expense. We have elected to not measure an ACL for accrued interest receivable given our timely approach in identifying and writing off uncollectible accrued interest. An ACL for off-balance sheet exposure is derived from a projected usage rate of any unfunded commitment multiplied by the historical loss rate, plus model risk adjustment, if any, of the on-balance sheet loan pools. Our management continually reviews the ACL of the Subsidiary Banks using the amounts determined from the estimates established on specific doubtful loans, the estimate established on quantitative historical loss percentages, and the estimate based on qualitative current conditions and reasonable and supportable two-year forecasted data. Our methodology reverts to the average lifetime loss-rate beyond the forecast period when we can no longer develop reasonable and supportable forecasts. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the estimate for current expected credit losses change, our estimate of current expected credit losses could also change, which could affect the level of future credit loss expense. While the calculation of our ACL utilizes management’s best judgment and all information reasonably available, the adequacy of the ACL is dependent on a variety of factors beyond our control, including, among other things, the performance of the entire loan portfolio, the economy, government actions, changes in interest rates and the view of regulatory authorities towards loan classifications. A summary of the transactions in the allowance for credit loan losses by loan class is as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Domestic Foreign Commercial Real Estate: Other Commercial Construction & Real Estate: Commercial Land Farmland & Real Estate: Residential: Residential: Commercial Development Commercial Multifamily First Lien Junior Lien Consumer Foreign Total (Dollars in Thousands) Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 23,178 $ 35,390 $ 35,654 $ 3,291 $ 4,073 $ 7,754 $ 272 $ 762 $ 110,374 Losses charged to allowance (2,112) (2) — — (99) (28) (88) — (2,329) Recoveries credited to allowance 602 2 8 — 30 48 11 — 701 Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance (1,510) — 8 — (69) 20 (77) — (1,628) Credit loss expense 2,233 982 (808) (229) 12 (728) 69 (50) 1,481 Balance at March 31, 2022 $ 23,901 $ 36,372 $ 34,854 $ 3,062 $ 4,016 $ 7,046 $ 264 $ 712 $ 110,227 Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Domestic Foreign Commercial Real Estate: Other Commercial Construction & Real Estate: Commercial Land Farmland & Real Estate: Residential: Residential: Commercial Development Commercial Multifamily First Lien Junior Lien Consumer Foreign Total (Dollars in Thousands) Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 21,908 $ 37,612 $ 30,000 $ 5,051 $ 3,874 $ 9,570 $ 291 $ 753 $ 109,059 Losses charged to allowance (1,893) — (356) — (72) — (32) — (2,353) Recoveries credited to allowance 458 — 12 — 11 21 8 — 510 Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance (1,435) — (344) — (61) 21 (24) — (1,843) Credit loss expense 1,690 (3,206) 2,547 884 104 (855) 12 16 1,192 Balance at March 31, 2021 $ 22,163 $ 34,406 $ 32,203 $ 5,935 $ 3,917 $ 8,736 $ 279 $ 769 $ 108,408 The pool specific qualitative loss factors management deemed appropriate for the ACL calculation at December 31, 2021 remained constant in the March 31, 2022 ACL calculation. The table below provides additional information on the balance of loans individually or collectively evaluated for impairment and their related allowance, by loan class as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: March 31, 2022 Loans Individually Loans Collectively Evaluated For Evaluated For Impairment Impairment Recorded Recorded Investment Allowance Investment Allowance (Dollars in Thousands) Domestic Commercial $ 263 $ 29 $ 1,461,358 $ 23,872 Commercial real estate: other construction & land development 567 70 1,742,131 36,302 Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial 554 — 2,560,990 34,854 Commercial real estate: multifamily 123 — 255,427 3,062 Residential: first lien 207 — 398,642 4,016 Residential: junior lien — — 441,524 7,046 Consumer — — 41,019 264 Foreign — — 145,472 712 Total $ 1,714 $ 99 $ 7,046,563 $ 110,128 December 31, 2021 Loans Individually Loans Collectively Evaluated For Evaluated For Impairment Impairment Recorded Recorded Investment Allowance Investment Allowance (Dollars in Thousands) Domestic Commercial $ 298 $ 29 $ 1,501,554 $ 23,149 Commercial real estate: other construction & land development 589 70 1,667,524 35,320 Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial 562 — 2,710,494 35,654 Commercial real estate: multifamily 131 — 284,405 3,291 Residential: first lien 87 — 403,571 4,073 Residential: junior lien — — 464,173 7,754 Consumer — — 40,966 272 Foreign — — 134,797 762 Total $ 1,667 $ 99 $ 7,207,484 $ 110,275 The table below provides additional information on loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis by loan class at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 (Dollars in Thousands) Domestic Commercial $ 263 $ 298 Commercial real estate: other construction & land development 567 589 Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial 554 562 Commercial real estate: multifamily 123 131 Residential: first lien 423 341 Total non-accrual loans $ 1,930 $ 1,921 The following table details loans accounted for as “troubled debt restructuring,” segregated by loan class. Loans accounted for as troubled debt restructuring are included in Watch List—Doubtful loans. March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 (Dollars in Thousands) Domestic Residential: first lien $ 1,815 $ 2,254 Residential: junior lien 104 105 Consumer 831 878 Foreign 61 16 Total troubled debt restructuring $ 2,811 $ 3,253 We have worked with our customers affected by the prolonged economic crisis arising from COVID-19. We have offered and are prepared to continue to offer assistance in accordance with current regulatory guidance. That includes continuously reaching out to our customers and, in some cases, offering deferral plans. As of May 2, 2022, we had approximately s with some degree of payment deferrals in our system. In accordance with interagency regulatory guidance, these short-term deferrals are not considered troubled debt restructurings. T primarily of loans related to industries that have been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, including the hospitality sector and special use facilities. With the passage of the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), administered by the Small Business Association (“SBA”), we assisted our customers with applications for loans through the PPP. PPP loans earn interest at 1% and PPP loans made prior to June 5, 2020 have a two-year term, while those made after June 5, 2020 have a five-year however, PPP loans also include forgiveness provisions that we expect most customers will utilize. Customers began submitting applications for the forgiveness program in the third quarter of 2020. PPP loans were intended to support up to weeks of payroll and certain other costs to help those businesses remain viable and allow their employees to pay their bills. As of May 2, 2022, we had 590 PPP loans totaling approximately $35,793,000 outstanding. The PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government through the SBA. The Subsidiary Banks charge-off that portion of any loan which management considers to represent a loss as well as that portion of any other loan which is classified as a “loss” by bank examiners. Commercial and industrial or real estate loans are generally considered by management to represent a loss, in whole or part, when an exposure beyond any collateral coverage is apparent and when no further collection of the loss portion is anticipated based on the borrower’s financial condition and general economic conditions in the borrower’s industry. Generally, unsecured consumer loans are charged-off when 90 days past due. While our management believes that it is generally able to identify borrowers with financial problems reasonably early and to monitor credit extended to such borrowers carefully, there is no precise method of predicting loan losses. The determination that a loan is likely to be uncollectible and that it should be wholly or partially charged-off as a loss is an exercise of judgment. Similarly, the determination of the adequacy of the ACL can be made only on a subjective basis. It is the judgment of our management that the ACL at March 31, 2022 was adequate to absorb probable losses from loans in the portfolio at that date. The following tables present information regarding the aging of past due loans by loan class at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: March 31, 2022 90 Days or Total 30 - 59 60 - 89 90 Days or greater & Past Total Days Days Greater still accruing Due Current Portfolio (Dollars in Thousands) Domestic Commercial $ 2,160 $ 261 $ 442 $ 442 $ 2,863 $ 1,458,757 $ 1,461,620 Commercial real estate: other construction & land development 1,302 39 536 536 1,877 1,740,821 1,742,698 Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial 2,973 1,384 337 — 4,694 2,556,851 2,561,545 Commercial real estate: multifamily 10 — — — 10 255,540 255,550 Residential: first lien 2,541 693 5,164 4,887 8,398 390,451 398,849 Residential: junior lien 218 420 1,168 1,168 1,806 439,718 441,524 Consumer 243 99 6 6 348 40,671 41,019 Foreign 562 67 215 215 844 144,628 145,472 Total past due loans $ 10,009 $ 2,963 $ 7,868 $ 7,254 $ 20,840 $ 7,027,437 $ 7,048,277 December 31, 2021 90 Days or Total 30 - 59 60 - 89 90 Days or greater & Past Total Days Days Greater still accruing Due Current Portfolio (Dollars in Thousands) Domestic Commercial $ 2,534 $ 303 $ 577 $ 577 $ 3,414 $ 1,498,438 $ 1,501,852 Commercial real estate: other construction & land development 499 334 188 188 1,021 1,667,092 1,668,113 Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial 18,164 172 644 307 18,980 2,692,076 2,711,056 Commercial real estate: multifamily — — — — — 284,536 284,536 Residential: first lien 2,342 1,212 5,129 4,937 8,683 394,975 403,658 Residential: junior lien 747 115 1,055 1,055 1,917 462,256 464,173 Consumer 231 88 4 4 323 40,643 40,966 Foreign 1,319 232 1,574 1,574 3,125 131,672 134,797 Total past due loans $ 25,836 $ 2,456 $ 9,171 $ 8,642 $ 37,463 $ 7,171,688 $ 7,209,151 A summary of the loan portfolio by credit quality indicator by loan class and by year of origination at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is presented below: 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total (Dollars in Thousands) Balance at March 31, 2022 Domestic Commercial Pass $ 157,913 $ 895,087 $ 130,593 $ 69,495 $ 56,082 $ 37,946 $ 1,347,116 Special Review 81 75,098 492 139 — — 75,810 Watch List - Pass 29,841 7,087 — 807 — — 37,735 Watch List - Substandard — 324 316 — 56 — 696 Watch List - Doubtful — 206 — — — 57 263 Total Commercial $ 187,835 $ 977,802 $ 131,401 $ 70,441 $ 56,138 $ 38,003 $ 1,461,620 Commercial real estate: other construction & land development Pass $ 170,274 $ 996,912 $ 206,608 $ 295,325 $ 33,305 $ 16,189 $ 1,718,613 Special Review — — — 211 — — 211 Watch List - Pass — — 23,100 — — — 23,100 Watch List - Substandard — 207 — — — — 207 Watch List - Doubtful — 465 102 — — — 567 Total Commercial real estate: other construction & land development $ 170,274 $ 997,584 $ 229,810 $ 295,536 $ 33,305 $ 16,189 $ 1,742,698 Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial Pass $ 220,689 $ 721,404 $ 639,609 $ 280,518 $ 403,252 $ 167,803 $ 2,433,275 Special Review 2,984 1,077 1,272 — 343 60 5,736 Watch List - Pass 51,890 260 9,312 — — 92 61,554 Watch List - Substandard — — 54,053 3,583 — 2,790 60,426 Watch List - Doubtful — — 216 337 — 1 554 Total Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial $ 275,563 $ 722,741 $ 704,462 $ 284,438 $ 403,595 $ 170,746 $ 2,561,545 Commercial real estate: multifamily Pass $ 3,335 $ 132,852 $ 62,874 $ 31,231 $ 6,901 $ 18,234 $ 255,427 Watch List - Doubtful — — 123 — — — 123 Total Commercial real estate: multifamily $ 3,335 $ 132,852 $ 62,997 $ 31,231 $ 6,901 $ 18,234 $ 255,550 Residential: first lien Pass $ 61,506 $ 89,814 $ 58,393 $ 47,861 $ 39,298 $ 100,671 $ 397,543 Watch List - Substandard — 999 — 101 — — 1,100 Watch List - Doubtful — — 83 — — 123 206 Total Residential: first lien $ 61,506 $ 90,813 $ 58,476 $ 47,962 $ 39,298 $ 100,794 $ 398,849 Residential: junior lien Pass $ 19,714 $ 128,627 $ 110,051 $ 50,272 $ 26,346 $ 106,514 $ 441,524 Total Residential: junior lien $ 19,714 $ 128,627 $ 110,051 $ 50,272 $ 26,346 $ 106,514 $ 441,524 Residential: junior lien Consumer Pass $ 9,251 $ 25,436 $ 3,552 $ 985 $ 137 $ 1,658 $ 41,019 Total Consumer $ 9,251 $ 25,436 $ 3,552 $ 985 $ 137 $ 1,658 $ 41,019 Foreign Pass $ 39,094 $ 71,591 $ 16,628 $ 6,359 $ 6,133 $ 5,667 $ 145,472 Total Foreign $ 39,094 $ 71,591 $ 16,628 $ 6,359 $ 6,133 $ 5,667 $ 145,472 Total Loans $ 766,572 $ 3,147,446 $ 1,317,377 $ 787,224 $ 571,853 $ 457,805 $ 7,048,277 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total (Dollars in Thousands) Balance at December 31, 2021 Domestic Commercial Pass $ 1,041,763 $ 167,691 $ 77,579 $ 58,439 $ 37,104 $ 5,144 $ 1,387,720 Special Review 74,559 497 139 81 — — 75,276 Watch List - Pass 33,920 — — — — 10 33,930 Watch List - Substandard 3,581 273 716 57 — 1 4,628 Watch List - Doubtful 224 — — — 74 — 298 Total Commercial $ 1,154,047 $ 168,461 $ 78,434 $ 58,577 $ 37,178 $ 5,155 $ 1,501,852 Commercial Commercial real estate: other construction & land development Pass $ 966,946 $ 312,389 $ 308,673 $ 37,124 $ 16,642 $ 2,439 $ 1,644,213 Special Review — — 211 — — — 211 Watch List - Pass — 23,100 — — — — 23,100 Watch List - Doubtful 485 104 — — — — 589 Total Commercial real estate: other construction & land development $ 967,431 $ 335,593 $ 308,884 $ 37,124 $ 16,642 $ 2,439 $ 1,668,113 Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial Pass $ 1,001,335 $ 680,777 $ 288,333 $ 417,353 $ 96,096 $ 97,119 $ 2,581,013 Special Review 929 1,292 — 3,448 61 — 5,730 Watch List - Pass 18,790 44,059 — — 94 1 62,944 Watch List - Substandard — 54,097 3,899 — 2,355 456 60,807 Watch List - Doubtful — 224 337 — — 1 562 Total Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial $ 1,021,054 $ 780,449 $ 292,569 $ 420,801 $ 98,606 $ 97,577 $ 2,711,056 Commercial real estate: multifamily Pass $ 133,152 $ 40,766 $ 78,609 $ 10,632 $ 14,217 $ 7,029 $ 284,405 Watch List - Doubtful — 131 — — — — 131 Total Commercial real estate: multifamily $ 133,152 $ 40,897 $ 78,609 $ 10,632 $ 14,217 $ 7,029 $ 284,536 Residential: first lien Pass $ 128,742 $ 52,725 $ 57,249 $ 49,259 $ 29,477 $ 85,838 $ 403,290 Watch List - Substandard 56 — 103 — 122 — 281 Watch List - Doubtful — 87 — — — — 87 Total Residential: first lien $ 128,798 $ 52,812 $ 57,352 $ 49,259 $ 29,599 $ 85,838 $ 403,658 Residential: junior lien Pass $ 130,629 $ 123,062 $ 59,113 $ 30,603 $ 40,855 $ 79,911 $ 464,173 Total Residential: junior lien $ 130,629 $ 123,062 $ 59,113 $ 30,603 $ 40,855 $ 79,911 $ 464,173 Consumer Pass $ 32,053 $ 5,693 $ 1,370 $ 189 $ 9 $ 1,652 $ 40,966 Total Consumer $ 32,053 $ 5,693 $ 1,370 $ 189 $ 9 $ 1,652 $ 40,966 Foreign Pass $ 74,811 $ 33,360 $ 9,223 $ 8,852 $ 4,790 $ 3,761 $ 134,797 Total Foreign $ 74,811 $ 33,360 $ 9,223 $ 8,852 $ 4,790 $ 3,761 $ 134,797 Total Loans $ 3,641,975 $ 1,540,327 $ 885,554 $ 616,037 $ 241,896 $ 283,362 $ 7,209,151 |