Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities (Fair Value Hierarchy for Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | $ 564 | $ 449 |
Available for sale securities | 50,588 | 77,365 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 1,782 | 1,514 |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 8,657 | 8,636 |
Other securities owned | 564 | 449 |
Available for sale securities | 50,588 | 77,365 |
Total assets | 61,591 | 87,964 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Money market funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 1,483 | 1,514 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Commercial paper [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 299 | |
Available for sale securities | 213 | 214 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Certificates of deposit [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 1,868 | 2,525 |
Available for sale securities | 1,722 | 2,071 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | U.S. Government securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 6,789 | 6,111 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Equity and bond mutual funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 390 | 272 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Schwab Funds money market funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 113 | 108 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | State and municipal debt obligations [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 35 | 41 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Equity, U.S. Government and corporate debt, and other securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 26 | 28 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 19,321 | 33,195 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Asset-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 11,447 | 20,335 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Corporate debt securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 7,505 | 9,852 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | U.S. Treasury securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 8,430 | 8,623 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | U.S. agency notes [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 1,907 | 1,907 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | U.S. state and municipal securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | | 1,123 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 43 | 45 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 1,483 | 1,514 |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 0 | 0 |
Other securities owned | 505 | 382 |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Total assets | 1,988 | 1,896 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Money market funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 1,483 | 1,514 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Commercial paper [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 0 | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Certificates of deposit [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 0 | 0 |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | U.S. Government securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Equity and bond mutual funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 390 | 272 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Schwab Funds money market funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 113 | 108 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | State and municipal debt obligations [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Equity, U.S. Government and corporate debt, and other securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 2 | 2 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Asset-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Corporate debt securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | U.S. Treasury securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | U.S. agency notes [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | U.S. state and municipal securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 299 | 0 |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 8,657 | 8,636 |
Other securities owned | 59 | 67 |
Available for sale securities | 50,588 | 77,365 |
Total assets | 59,603 | 86,068 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Money market funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Commercial paper [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 299 | |
Available for sale securities | 213 | 214 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Certificates of deposit [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 1,868 | 2,525 |
Available for sale securities | 1,722 | 2,071 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | U.S. Government securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 6,789 | 6,111 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Equity and bond mutual funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Schwab Funds money market funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | State and municipal debt obligations [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 35 | 41 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Equity, U.S. Government and corporate debt, and other securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 24 | 26 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 19,321 | 33,195 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Asset-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 11,447 | 20,335 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Corporate debt securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 7,505 | 9,852 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | U.S. Treasury securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 8,430 | 8,623 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | U.S. agency notes [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 1,907 | 1,907 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | U.S. state and municipal securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | | 1,123 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 43 | 45 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 0 | 0 |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 0 | 0 |
Other securities owned | 0 | 0 |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Total assets | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Money market funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Commercial paper [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 0 | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Certificates of deposit [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 0 | 0 |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | U.S. Government securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Equity and bond mutual funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Schwab Funds money market funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | State and municipal debt obligations [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Equity, U.S. Government and corporate debt, and other securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Asset-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Corporate debt securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | U.S. Treasury securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | U.S. agency notes [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | U.S. state and municipal securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | $ 0 | $ 0 |