Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities (Fair Value Hierarchy for Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Sep. 30, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | $ 500 | $ 539 |
Available for sale securities | 57,558 | 49,995 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 2,540 | 2,727 |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 1,950 | 5,856 |
Other securities owned | 500 | 539 |
Available for sale securities | 57,558 | 49,995 |
Total | 62,548 | 59,117 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Money market funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 552 | 2,727 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Commercial paper [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 1,988 | |
Available for sale securities | 518 | 313 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Certificates of deposit [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 1,950 | 2,198 |
Available for sale securities | 2,769 | 2,041 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | U.S. Government securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | | 3,658 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Equity and bond mutual funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 394 | 318 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Schwab Funds money market funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 21 | 135 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | State and municipal debt obligations [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 44 | 52 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Equity, U.S. Government and corporate debt, and other securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 41 | 34 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 23,955 | 20,929 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | U.S. Treasury securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 12,243 | 9,500 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Asset-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 9,387 | 9,047 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Corporate debt securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 6,922 | 6,169 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | U.S. agency notes [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 1,682 | 1,906 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Foreign government agency securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 48 | 50 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 34 | 40 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 552 | 2,727 |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 0 | 0 |
Other securities owned | 418 | 455 |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 970 | 3,182 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Money market funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 552 | 2,727 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Commercial paper [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 0 | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Certificates of deposit [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 0 | 0 |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | U.S. Government securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Equity and bond mutual funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 394 | 318 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Schwab Funds money market funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 21 | 135 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | State and municipal debt obligations [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Equity, U.S. Government and corporate debt, and other securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 3 | 2 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | U.S. Treasury securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Asset-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Corporate debt securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | U.S. agency notes [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Foreign government agency securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 1,988 | 0 |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 1,950 | 5,856 |
Other securities owned | 82 | 84 |
Available for sale securities | 57,558 | 49,995 |
Total | 61,578 | 55,935 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Money market funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Commercial paper [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 1,988 | |
Available for sale securities | 518 | 313 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Certificates of deposit [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 1,950 | 2,198 |
Available for sale securities | 2,769 | 2,041 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | U.S. Government securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | | 3,658 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Equity and bond mutual funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Schwab Funds money market funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | State and municipal debt obligations [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 44 | 52 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Equity, U.S. Government and corporate debt, and other securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 38 | 32 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 23,955 | 20,929 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | U.S. Treasury securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 12,243 | 9,500 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Asset-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 9,387 | 9,047 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Corporate debt securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 6,922 | 6,169 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | U.S. agency notes [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 1,682 | 1,906 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Foreign government agency securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 48 | 50 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 34 | 40 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 0 | 0 |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 0 | 0 |
Other securities owned | 0 | 0 |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Money market funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Commercial paper [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Cash equivalents | 0 | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Certificates of deposit [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 0 | 0 |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | U.S. Government securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Equity and bond mutual funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Schwab Funds money market funds [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | State and municipal debt obligations [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Equity, U.S. Government and corporate debt, and other securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Other securities owned | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | U.S. Treasury securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Asset-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Corporate debt securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | U.S. agency notes [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Foreign government agency securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities [Member] | | |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items] | | |
Available for sale securities | $ 0 | $ 0 |