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| | Three months ended | | | Six months ended | |
| | June 30, | | | June 30, | |
| | 2018 | | | 2017 | | | 2018 | | | 2017 | |
GAAP cost of sales | | $ | 1,024 | | | $ | 1,024 | | | $ | 1,968 | | | $ | 2,020 | |
Adjustments to cost of sales: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Acquisition-related expenses (a) | | | (279 | ) | | | (314 | ) | | | (545 | ) | | | (628 | ) |
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Total adjustments to cost of sales | | | (279 | ) | | | (314 | ) | | | (545 | ) | | | (628 | ) |
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Non-GAAP cost of sales | | $ | 745 | | | $ | 710 | | | $ | 1,423 | | | $ | 1,392 | |
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GAAP cost of sales as a percentage of product sales | | | 18.0 | % | | | 18.4 | % | | | 17.9 | % | | | 18.8 | % |
Acquisition-related expenses (a) | | | -4.9 | | | | -5.7 | | | | -5.0 | | | | -5.9 | |
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Non-GAAP cost of sales as a percentage of product sales | | | 13.1 | % | | | 12.7 | % | | | 12.9 | %�� | | | 12.9 | % |
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GAAP research and development expenses | | $ | 869 | | | $ | 873 | | | $ | 1,629 | | | $ | 1,642 | |
Adjustments to research and development expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Acquisition-related expenses(a) | | | (19 | ) | | | (19 | ) | | | (40 | ) | | | (38 | ) |
Certain net charges pursuant to our restructuring initiative | | | — | | | | (3 | ) | | | — | | | | (5 | ) |
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Total adjustments to research and development expenses | | | (19 | ) | | | (22 | ) | | | (40 | ) | | | (43 | ) |
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Non-GAAP research and development expenses | | $ | 850 | | | $ | 851 | | | $ | 1,589 | | | $ | 1,599 | |
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GAAP research and development expenses as a percentage of product sales | | | 15.3 | % | | | 15.7 | % | | | 14.8 | % | | | 15.2 | % |
Acquisition-related expenses(a) | | | -0.3 | | | | -0.3 | | | | -0.4 | | | | -0.3 | |
Certain net charges pursuant to our restructuring initiative | | | 0.0 | | | | -0.1 | | | | 0.0 | | | | -0.1 | |
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Non-GAAP research and development expenses as a percentage of product sales | | | 15.0 | % | | | 15.3 | % | | | 14.4 | % | | | 14.8 | % |
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GAAP selling, general and administrative expenses | | $ | 1,353 | | | $ | 1,209 | | | $ | 2,480 | | | $ | 2,273 | |
Adjustments to selling, general and administrative expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Acquisition-related expenses(a) | | | (20 | ) | | | (32 | ) | | | (45 | ) | | | (57 | ) |
Certain net charges pursuant to our restructuring initiative | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3 | ) | | | — | |
Other | | | — | | | | (3 | ) | | | — | | | | (3 | ) |
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Total adjustments to selling, general and administrative expenses | | | (20 | ) | | | (35 | ) | | | (48 | ) | | | (60 | ) |
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Non-GAAP selling, general and administrative expenses | | $ | 1,333 | | | $ | 1,174 | | | $ | 2,432 | | | $ | 2,213 | |
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GAAP selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of product sales | | | 23.8 | % | | | 21.7 | % | | | 22.5 | % | | | 21.1 | % |
Acquisition-related expenses(a) | | | -0.3 | | | | -0.5 | | | | -0.4 | | | | -0.6 | |
Certain net charges pursuant to our restructuring initiative | | | 0.0 | | | | 0.0 | | | | 0.0 | | | | 0.0 | |
Other | | | 0.0 | | | | -0.1 | | | | 0.0 | | | | 0.0 | |
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Non-GAAP selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of product sales | | | 23.5 | % | | | 21.1 | % | | | 22.1 | % | | | 20.5 | % |
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GAAP operating expenses | | $ | 3,227 | | | $ | 3,112 | | | $ | 6,055 | | | $ | 5,985 | |
Adjustments to operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adjustments to cost of sales | | | (279 | ) | | | (314 | ) | | | (545 | ) | | | (628 | ) |
Adjustments to research and development expenses | | | (19 | ) | | | (22 | ) | | | (40 | ) | | | (43 | ) |
Adjustments to selling, general and administrative expenses | | | (20 | ) | | | (35 | ) | | | (48 | ) | | | (60 | ) |
Certain net charges pursuant to our restructuring initiative(b) | | | 7 | | | | (9 | ) | | | 6 | | | | (46 | ) |
Certain other expenses | | | (25 | ) | | | — | | | | (25 | ) | | | — | |
Acquisition-related adjustments(c) | | | 37 | | | | 3 | | | | 41 | | | | (4 | ) |
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Total adjustments to operating expenses | | | (299 | ) | | | (377 | ) | | | (611 | ) | | | (781 | ) |
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Non-GAAP operating expenses | | $ | 2,928 | | | $ | 2,735 | | | $ | 5,444 | | | $ | 5,204 | |
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GAAP operating income | | $ | 2,832 | | | $ | 2,698 | | | $ | 5,558 | | | $ | 5,289 | |
Adjustments to operating expenses | | | 299 | | | | 377 | | | | 611 | | | | 781 | |
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Non-GAAP operating income | | $ | 3,131 | | | $ | 3,075 | | | $ | 6,169 | | | $ | 6,070 | |
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GAAP operating income as a percentage of product sales | | | 49.9 | % | | | 48.4 | % | | | 50.4 | % | | | 49.1 | % |
Adjustments to cost of sales | | | 4.9 | | | | 5.7 | | | | 5.0 | | | | 5.9 | |
Adjustments to research and development expenses | | | 0.3 | | | | 0.4 | | | | 0.4 | | | | 0.4 | |
Adjustments to selling, general and administrative expenses | | | 0.3 | | | | 0.6 | | | | 0.4 | | | | 0.6 | |
Certain net charges pursuant to our restructuring initiative(b) | | | 0.0 | | | | 0.2 | | | | 0.0 | | | | 0.3 | |
Certain other expenses | | | 0.4 | | | | 0.0 | | | | 0.2 | | | | 0.0 | |
Acquisition-related adjustments(c) | | | -0.7 | | | | -0.1 | | | | -0.4 | | | | 0.0 | |
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Non-GAAP operating income as a percentage of product sales | | | 55.1 | % | | | 55.2 | % | | | 56.0 | % | | | 56.3 | % |
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GAAP interest and other income, net | | $ | 162 | | | $ | 165 | | | $ | 393 | | | $ | 360 | |
Adjustments to other income (d) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (75 | ) | | | — | |
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Non-GAAP interest and other income, net | | $ | 162 | | | $ | 165 | | | $ | 318 | | | $ | 360 | |
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GAAP income before income taxes | | $ | 2,647 | | | $ | 2,542 | | | $ | 5,266 | | | $ | 5,002 | |
Adjustments to operating expenses | | | 299 | | | | 377 | | | | 611 | | | | 781 | |
Adjustments to other income (d) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (75 | ) | | | — | |
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Non-GAAP income before income taxes | | $ | 2,946 | | | $ | 2,919 | | | $ | 5,802 | | | $ | 5,783 | |
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GAAP provision for income taxes | | $ | 351 | | | $ | 391 | | | $ | 659 | | | $ | 780 | |
Adjustments to provision for income taxes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax effect of the above adjustments(e) | | | 74 | | | | 117 | | | | 138 | | | | 236 | |
Other income tax adjustments(f) | | | (8 | ) | | | 1 | | | | 10 | | | | 24 | |
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Total adjustments to provision for income taxes | | | 66 | | | | 118 | | | | 148 | | | | 260 | |
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Non-GAAP provision for income taxes | | $ | 417 | | | $ | 509 | | | $ | 807 | | | $ | 1,040 | |
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GAAP tax as a percentage of income before taxes | | | 13.3 | % | | | 15.4 | % | | | 12.5 | % | | | 15.6 | % |
Adjustments to provision for income taxes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax effect of the above adjustments(e) | | | 1.2 | | | | 2.0 | | | | 1.2 | | | | 2.0 | |
Other income tax adjustments(f) | | | -0.3 | | | | 0.0 | | | | 0.2 | | | | 0.4 | |
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Total adjustments to provision for income taxes | | | 0.9 | | | | 2.0 | | | | 1.4 | | | | 2.4 | |
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Non-GAAP tax as a percentage of income before taxes | | | 14.2 | % | | | 17.4 | % | | | 13.9 | % | | | 18.0 | % |
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GAAP net income | | $ | 2,296 | | | $ | 2,151 | | | $ | 4,607 | | | $ | 4,222 | |
Adjustments to net income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adjustments to income before income taxes, net of the income tax effect | | | 225 | | | | 260 | | | | 398 | | | | 545 | |
Other income tax adjustments(f) | | | 8 | | | | (1 | ) | | | (10 | ) | | | (24 | ) |
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Total adjustments to net income | | | 233 | | | | 259 | | | | 388 | | | | 521 | |
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Non-GAAP net income | | $ | 2,529 | | | $ | 2,410 | | | $ | 4,995 | | | $ | 4,743 | |
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