Loans and Leases | Loans and Leases Peoples' loan portfolio consists of various types of loans and leases originated primarily as a result of lending opportunities within Peoples' footprint. Peoples also originates insurance premium finance loans nationwide through its Peoples Premium Finance division, and originates leases nationwide through its North Star Leasing ("NSL") division and its Vantage Financial, LLC ("Vantage") subsidiary. The major classifications of loan balances (in each case, net of deferred fees and costs) excluding loans held for sale, were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, December 31, 2023 Construction $ 314,687 $ 364,019 Commercial real estate, other 2,243,780 2,196,957 Commercial and industrial 1,214,615 1,184,986 Premium finance 238,962 203,177 Leases 422,694 414,060 Residential real estate 781,888 791,095 Home equity lines of credit 221,079 208,675 Consumer, indirect 650,228 666,472 Consumer, direct 113,588 128,769 Deposit account overdrafts 1,306 986 Total loans, at amortized cost $ 6,202,827 $ 6,159,196 Accrued interest receivable is not included within the loan balances, but is presented in the “Other assets” line of the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets, with no recorded allowance for credit losses. Total interest receivable on loans was $24.3 million at March 31, 2024 and $24.5 million at December 31, 2023. Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans A loan is considered past due if any required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were required to be made under the terms of the loan agreement. A loan may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loan is considered past due. The amortized cost of loans on nonaccrual status and of loans delinquent for 90 days or more and accruing was as follows: March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Nonaccrual (a) Accruing Loans 90+ Days Past Due Nonaccrual (a) Accruing Loans 90+ Days Past Due Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate, other 3,773 231 2,816 78 Commercial and industrial 6,205 10 2,758 316 Premium finance — 2,208 — 1,355 Leases 10,136 4,070 8,436 3,826 Residential real estate 7,450 780 7,921 877 Home equity lines of credit 1,134 181 1,022 171 Consumer, indirect 2,506 134 2,412 68 Consumer, direct 157 48 112 25 Total loans, at amortized cost $ 31,361 $ 7,662 $ 25,477 $ 6,716 (a) There were $3.8 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2024 and $1.2 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2023. During the first three months of 2024, nonaccrual loans increased compared to at December 31, 2023, which was primarily due to one large commercial and industrial loan of approximately $1.9 million that went on nonaccrual status during the first quarter of 2024. Further, two leases went on nonaccrual status during the quarter which increased the amount reported by $1.4 million. The increase in accruing loans 90+ days past due at March 31, 2024 when compared to at December 31, 2023, was primarily due to an increase in premium finance loans of approximately $0.9 million which was partially offset by a decrease in commercial and industrial loans. The amount of interest income recognized on accruing loans 90+ days past due during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $0.5 million. The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost of past due loans: Loans Past Due Current Loans Total Loans (Dollars in thousands) 30 - 59 days 60 - 89 days 90 + Days Total March 31, 2024 Construction $ — $ 15 $ — $ 15 $ 314,672 $ 314,687 Commercial real estate, other 2,369 1,332 2,315 6,016 2,237,764 2,243,780 Commercial and industrial 2,482 850 3,772 7,104 1,207,511 1,214,615 Premium finance 1,436 889 2,208 4,533 234,429 238,962 Leases 15,567 2,496 13,902 31,965 390,729 422,694 Residential real estate 11,726 1,179 4,177 17,082 764,806 781,888 Home equity lines of credit 1,386 731 870 2,987 218,092 221,079 Consumer, indirect 5,448 569 1,421 7,438 642,790 650,228 Consumer, direct 553 129 105 787 112,801 113,588 Deposit account overdrafts — — — — 1,306 1,306 Total loans, at amortized cost $ 40,967 $ 8,190 $ 28,770 $ 77,927 $ 6,124,900 $ 6,202,827 December 31, 2023 Construction $ 13 $ 52 $ — $ 65 $ 363,954 $ 364,019 Commercial real estate, other 2,728 4,556 1,572 8,856 2,188,101 2,196,957 Commercial and industrial 1,717 1,491 3,052 6,260 1,178,726 1,184,986 Premium finance 1,288 867 1,355 3,510 199,667 203,177 Leases 12,743 4,932 12,014 29,689 384,371 414,060 Residential real estate 14,021 2,733 4,481 21,235 769,860 791,095 Home equity lines of credit 1,561 691 683 2,935 205,740 208,675 Consumer, indirect 7,488 1,550 1,230 10,268 656,204 666,472 Consumer, direct 536 282 43 861 127,908 128,769 Deposit account overdrafts — — — — 986 986 Total loans, at amortized cost $ 42,095 $ 17,154 $ 24,430 $ 83,679 $ 6,075,517 $ 6,159,196 Delinquency trends improved slightly, as 98.7% of Peoples' loan portfolio was considered “current” at March 31, 2024, compared to 98.6% at December 31, 2023. Pledged Loans Peoples has pledged certain loans secured by one-to-four family and multifamily residential mortgages, home equity lines of credit and commercial real estate loans under a blanket collateral agreement to secure borrowings from the FHLB. Peoples also has pledged eligible commercial and industrial loans to secure borrowings with the FRB. Loans pledged are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Loans pledged to FHLB $ 1,173,512 $ 1,206,134 Loans pledged to FRB 445,922 419,245 Credit Quality Indicators As discussed in "Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Peoples' 2023 Form 10-K, Peoples categorizes the majority of its loans into risk categories based upon an established risk grading matrix using a scale of 1 to 8. Loan grades are assigned at the time a new loan or lending commitment is extended by Peoples and may be changed at any time when circumstances warrant. Commercial loans to borrowers with an aggregate unpaid principal balance in excess of $1.0 million are reviewed at least on an annual basis for possible credit deterioration. Commercial leases, as well as loan relationships whose aggregate credit exposure to Peoples is equal to or less than $1.0 million, are reviewed on an event driven basis. Triggers for review include knowledge of adverse events affecting the borrower's business, receipt of financial statements indicating deteriorating credit quality or other similar events. Adversely classified loans are reviewed on a quarterly basis. A description of the general characteristics of the risk grades used by Peoples, follows: “Pass” (grades 1 through 4): Loans in this risk category involve borrowers of acceptable-to-strong credit quality and risk who have the apparent ability to satisfy their loan obligations. Loans in this risk category would possess sufficient mitigating factors, such as adequate collateral or strong guarantors possessing the capacity to repay the loan if required, for any weakness that may exist. “Special Mention” (grade 5): Loans in this risk grade are the equivalent of the regulatory definition of “Other Assets Especially Mentioned.” Loans in this risk category possess some credit deficiency or potential weakness, which requires a high level of management attention. Potential weaknesses include declining trends in operating earnings and cash flows and/or reliance on a secondary source of repayment. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in noticeable deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in Peoples' credit position. “Substandard” (grade 6): Loans in this risk grade are inadequately protected by the borrower's current financial condition and payment capability or the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have one or more well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly repayment of the loans. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that Peoples will sustain some loss if the weaknesses are not corrected. “Doubtful” (grade 7): Loans in this risk grade have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or orderly repayment in full, on the basis of current existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the exposure, classification of each of these loans as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. “Loss” (grade 8): Loans in this risk grade are considered to be non-collectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This does not mean a loan has absolutely no recovery value, but rather it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off the loan, even though partial recovery may be obtained in the future. Charge-offs against the allowance for credit losses are taken during the period in which the loan becomes uncollectible. Consequently, Peoples typically does not maintain a recorded investment in loans within this category. Consumer loans and other smaller-balance loans are evaluated and categorized as "substandard," "doubtful" or "loss" based upon the regulatory definition of these classes and consistent with regulatory requirements. Leases are categorized as "special mention", "substandard", or "loss" based upon delinquency status and the prospect of collecting the remaining net investment balance owed under the lease. All other loans not evaluated individually, nor meeting the regulatory conditions to be categorized as described above, would be considered as being "not rated." The following table summarizes the risk category of loans within Peoples' loan portfolio, including acquired loans, based upon the most recent analysis performed at March 31, 2024: Term Loans at Amortized Cost by Origination Year Revolving Loans Converted to Term (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Total Loans Construction Pass $ 13,704 $ 94,507 $ 124,789 $ 56,375 $ 3,724 $ 17,756 $ — $ — $ 310,855 Special mention — — 918 — — 121 — — 1,039 Substandard — 1,192 1,573 — — 28 — — 2,793 Total 13,704 95,699 127,280 56,375 3,724 17,905 — — 314,687 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — Commercial real estate, other Pass 36,998 206,459 356,061 380,773 224,446 873,082 44,060 186 2,121,879 Special mention — 751 16,484 3,660 7,038 21,538 394 38 49,865 Substandard — 441 2,197 14,316 8,509 46,271 292 — 72,026 Doubtful — — — — — 10 — — 10 Total 36,998 207,651 374,742 398,749 239,993 940,901 44,746 224 2,243,780 Current period gross charge-offs — — 212 — — — 212 Commercial and industrial Pass 60,989 224,493 168,480 164,175 78,926 186,985 228,165 1,137 1,112,213 Special mention — 3,474 11,329 1,562 9,340 5,517 23,638 5,500 54,860 Substandard — 93 2,868 30,387 4,595 5,685 1,829 778 45,457 Doubtful — — 1,911 — — 174 — — 2,085 Total 60,989 228,060 184,588 196,124 92,861 198,361 253,632 7,415 1,214,615 Term Loans at Amortized Cost by Origination Year Revolving Loans Converted to Term (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Total Loans Current period gross charge-offs — — — 15 57 163 235 Premium Finance Pass 134,052 104,528 382 — — — — — 238,962 Total 134,052 104,528 382 — — — — — 238,962 Current period gross charge-offs — 31 23 — — — 54 Leases Pass 74,212 177,358 100,634 44,614 10,630 2,054 — — 409,502 Special mention — 1,575 1,179 295 105 — — — 3,154 Substandard — 2,378 4,555 2,364 328 413 — — 10,038 Total 74,212 181,311 106,368 47,273 11,063 2,467 — — 422,694 Current period gross charge-offs — 596 454 169 28 23 1,270 Residential real estate Pass 13,458 73,850 89,518 137,348 57,315 400,297 — — 771,786 Substandard — 119 188 453 178 9,082 — — 10,020 Loss — — — — — 82 — — 82 Total 13,458 73,969 89,706 137,801 57,493 409,461 — — 781,888 Current period gross charge-offs — — — 5 — 75 80 Home equity lines of credit Pass 18,738 40,864 41,076 31,757 18,917 68,214 26 1,066 219,592 Substandard — 40 58 95 34 1,252 — — 1,479 Loss — — — — — 8 — — 8 Total 18,738 40,904 41,134 31,852 18,951 69,474 26 1,066 221,079 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — Consumer, indirect Pass 42,573 232,913 204,737 85,796 50,864 29,835 — — 646,718 Substandard — 760 934 756 568 412 — — 3,430 Loss — 30 45 3 — 2 — — 80 Total 42,573 233,703 205,716 86,555 51,432 30,249 — — 650,228 Current period gross charge-offs — 564 550 219 75 53 1,461 Consumer, direct Pass 16,228 35,984 32,493 15,127 7,061 6,405 — — 113,298 Substandard — 52 93 48 16 75 — — 284 Term Loans at Amortized Cost by Origination Year Revolving Loans Converted to Term (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Total Loans Loss — — — — — 6 — — 6 Total 16,228 36,036 32,586 15,175 7,077 6,486 — — 113,588 Current period gross charge-offs — 48 82 11 7 78 226 Deposit account overdrafts 1,306 — — — — — — — 1,306 Current period gross charge-offs 336 — — — — — 336 Total loans, at amortized cost 412,258 1,201,861 1,162,502 969,904 482,594 1,675,304 298,404 8,705 6,202,827 Total current period gross charge-offs $ 336 $ 1,239 $ 1,321 $ 419 $ 167 $ 392 $ 3,874 The following table summarizes the risk category of loans within Peoples' loan portfolio, including acquired loans, based upon the then most recent analysis performed at December 31, 2023: Term Loans at Amortized Cost by Origination Year (Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Loans Construction Pass $ 80,273 $ 141,245 $ 85,913 $ 27,169 $ 9,995 $ 12,723 $ — $ — $ 357,318 Special mention — 3,757 — — — 123 — — 3,880 Substandard 1,200 1,590 — — — 31 — — 2,821 Total 81,473 146,592 85,913 27,169 9,995 12,877 — — 364,019 Current period gross charge-offs — — 9 — — — 9 Commercial real estate, other Pass 199,565 327,762 366,752 227,604 262,099 650,265 37,177 189 2,071,224 Special mention 999 12,975 4,850 10,324 7,074 22,186 408 41 58,816 Substandard 287 2,421 5,878 8,679 1,972 47,213 457 — 66,907 Doubtful — — — — — 10 — — 10 Total 200,851 343,158 377,480 246,607 271,145 719,674 38,042 230 2,196,957 Current period gross charge-offs — — — 39 — 575 614 Commercial and industrial Pass 225,894 180,068 212,938 86,934 55,434 132,675 213,714 38 1,107,657 Special mention 540 12,051 533 9,723 4,722 6,336 16,236 8,614 50,141 Substandard 78 6,441 5,104 5,617 1,602 6,278 1,889 779 27,009 Doubtful — — — — — 179 — — 179 Total 226,512 198,560 218,575 102,274 61,758 145,468 231,839 9,431 1,184,986 Current period gross charge-offs — 36 202 25 173 415 851 Premium finance Pass 201,659 1,517 1 — — — — — 203,177 Total 201,659 1,517 1 — — — — — 203,177 Current period gross charge-offs 25 97 — — — — 122 Leases Term Loans at Amortized Cost by Origination Year (Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Loans Pass 216,559 114,327 51,307 14,061 4,883 1,501 — — 402,638 Special mention 363 1,529 476 81 1 5 — — 2,455 Substandard 1,937 3,006 2,944 448 321 311 — — 8,967 Total 218,859 118,862 54,727 14,590 5,205 1,817 — — 414,060 Current period gross charge-offs 963 1,328 1,173 233 165 135 3,997 Residential real estate Pass 75,957 91,506 140,157 58,144 45,507 369,552 — — 780,823 Substandard 43 243 585 182 529 8,604 — — 10,186 Loss — — — — — 86 — — 86 Total 76,000 91,749 140,742 58,326 46,036 378,242 — — 791,095 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — 170 170 Home equity lines of credit Pass 39,706 42,565 33,406 19,838 14,297 57,482 27 1,346 207,321 Substandard 19 — 61 34 123 1,109 — — 1,346 Loss — — — — — 8 — — 8 Total 39,725 42,565 33,467 19,872 14,420 58,599 27 1,346 208,675 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — 110 110 Consumer, indirect Pass 247,829 225,225 96,698 59,044 18,644 15,977 — — 663,417 Substandard 333 934 789 558 190 206 — — 3,010 Loss 7 34 2 — 2 — — — 45 Total 248,169 226,193 97,489 59,602 18,836 16,183 — — 666,472 Current period gross charge-offs 609 2,091 865 255 63 147 4,030 Consumer, direct Pass 58,445 37,050 17,434 8,282 3,185 4,081 — — 128,477 Substandard 55 79 47 28 30 27 — — 266 Loss — — — — — 26 — — 26 Total 58,500 37,129 17,481 8,310 3,215 4,134 — — 128,769 Current period gross charge-offs 36 154 77 100 14 35 416 Deposit account overdrafts 986 — — — — — — — 986 Current period gross charge-offs 1,161 1,161 Total loans, at amortized cost $ 1,352,734 $ 1,206,325 $ 1,025,875 $ 536,750 $ 430,610 $ 1,336,994 $ 269,908 $ 11,007 $ 6,159,196 Current period gross charge-offs $ 2,794 $ 3,706 $ 2,326 $ 652 $ 415 $ 1,587 $ 11,480 Collateral Dependent Loans Peoples has certain loans for which repayment is dependent upon the operation or sale of collateral, as the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The underlying collateral can vary based upon the type of loan. The following provides more detail about the types of collateral that secure collateral dependent loans: • Construction loans are typically secured by owner occupied commercial real estate or non-owner occupied investment real estate. Typically, owner occupied construction loans are secured by office buildings, warehouses, manufacturing facilities, and other commercial and industrial properties that are in process of construction. Non-owner occupied commercial construction loans are generally secured by multi-family complexes, warehouse buildings, industrial buildings, land under development, and other commercial real estate in process of construction. • Commercial real estate loans can be secured by either owner occupied commercial real estate or non-owner occupied investment commercial real estate. Typically, owner occupied commercial real estate loans are secured by office buildings, warehouses, manufacturing facilities and other commercial and industrial properties occupied by operating companies. Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans are generally secured by multifamily complexes, retail facilities, office buildings and complexes, warehouses, industrial buildings, land under development, as well as other commercial real estate. • Commercial and industrial loans are generally secured by equipment, inventory, accounts receivable, and other commercial property. • Residential real estate loans are typically secured by first mortgages, and in some cases could be secured by a second mortgage, on residential real estate property. • Home equity lines of credit are generally secured by second mortgages on residential real estate property. • Consumer loans are generally secured by automobiles, motorcycles, recreational vehicles and other personal property. Some consumer loans are unsecured and have no underlying collateral. • Leases are secured by commercial equipment and other essential business assets. • Premium finance loans are secured by the unearned portion of the insurance premium being financed. The following table details Peoples' amortized cost of collateral dependent loans: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Commercial real estate, other $ 689 $ — Leases 738 — Residential real estate 501 501 Total collateral dependent loans $ 1,928 $ 501 The increase in collateral dependent loans at March 31, 2024, compared to December 31, 2023, was primarily due to the addition of a commercial real estate loan and a lease as collateral dependent loans during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Modifications for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty As part of Peoples' loss mitigation activities, Peoples may agree to modify the contractual terms of a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. The most common modifications to the contractual terms of a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty include an extension of the maturity date, a reduction in the interest rate for the remaining life of the loan, a temporary period of interest-only payments, and a reduction in the contractual payment amount for either a short period or the remaining term of the loan. In addition to loan modifications, Peoples also provides other loss mitigation options, such as forbearance and repayment plans, to assist borrowers who experience financial difficulties. In assessing whether or not a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, Peoples considers information currently available regarding the financial condition of the borrower. This information includes, but is not limited to, whether (1) the borrower is currently in payment default on any of the borrower's debt; (2) a payment default is probable in the foreseeable future without the modification; (3) the borrower has declared or is in the process of declaring bankruptcy; and (4) the borrower's projected cash flow is insufficient to satisfy contractual payments due under the original terms of the loan without a modification. The following tables display the amortized cost of loans that were restructured during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, presented by loan classification. Payment Delay (Only) (Dollars in thousands) Forbearance Plan Payment Deferral Term Extension Forbearance Plan and Term Extension Total Percentage of Total by Loan Category (a)(b) During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Commercial real estate — — $ 565 $ — $ 565 0.03 % Commercial and industrial — — 10,203 — 10,203 0.84 % Leasing — 25 — — 25 0.01 % Residential real estate — — 76 — 76 0.01 % Total $ — $ 25 $ 10,844 $ — $ 10,869 0.18 % During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Construction $ — $ 1,600 $ — $ — $ 1,600 0.69 % Commercial real estate 200 — — — 200 0.01 % Commercial and industrial — — 9 335 344 0.04 % Residential real estate — — 221 — 221 0.03 % Consumer, indirect — — 28 — 28 — % Total $ 200 $ 1,600 $ 258 $ 335 $ 2,393 0.05 % (a) Based on the amortized cost basis as of period end, divided by the period end amortized cost basis of the corresponding class of financing receivable. (b) The table presented above excludes loans that were paid off or otherwise no longer included in the loan portfolio of period end. The following table summarizes the financial impacts of loan modifications and payment deferrals made to loans during both the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, presented by loan classification. Weighted-Average Term Extension Average Amount Capitalized as a Result of a Payment Delay (a) During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Commercial real estate 6 $ — Commercial and industrial 6 — Leasing 9 — Residential real estate 2 — During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Commercial and industrial 12 — Residential real estate 210 8,969 Consumer, indirect 2 — (a) Represents the average amount of delinquency-related amounts that were capitalized as part of the loan balance. Amounts are in whole dollars. The following table displays the amortized cost of loans that received a completed modification or payment deferral within the previous 12 months and that had a payment default in the period presented. For purposes of this disclosure, Peoples defines loans that had a payment default as loans that were 90 days or more past due following a modification. For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Payment Delay as a Result of a Payment Deferral (Only) (a) Total Commercial and industrial $ 648 $ 648 (a) Represents the sum of amortized cost and gross charge-off as of period end. Excludes loans that liquidated either through foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, or a short sale. As of March 31, 2023, there were no loans that were modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty since the adoption of ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023, and subsequently defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The following table displays an aging analysis of loans that were modified during the twelve months prior to March 31, 2024, presented by classification and class of financing receivable. As of March 31, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days Delinquent 60-89 Days Delinquent 90+ Days Delinquent Total Delinquent Current Total Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 70 $ 70 Commercial real estate 193 — — 193 2,443 2,636 Commercial and industrial — 667 648 1,315 12,752 14,067 Leasing — — — — 25 25 Residential real estate 76 — — 76 24 100 Home equity lines of credit — — — — 207 207 Total loans modified (a) $ 269 $ 667 $ 648 $ 1,584 $ 15,521 $ 17,105 (a) Represents the amortized cost basis as of period end. The following table displays an aging analysis of loans that were modified on or after January 1, 2023, the date Peoples adopted ASU 2022-02, through March 31, 2023, presented by classification and class of financing receivable. As of March 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days Delinquent 60-89 Days Delinquent 90+ Days Delinquent Total Delinquent Current Total Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,600 $ 1,600 Commercial real estate 0 0 0 0 200 200 Commercial and industrial 0 0 0 0 344 344 Residential real estate 0 0 0 0 221 221 Consumer, indirect 28 0 0 28 0 28 Total loans modified (a) $ 28 $ — $ — $ 28 $ 2,365 $ 2,393 (a) Represents the amortized cost basis as of period end. Allowance for Credit Losses As discussed in "Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Peoples' 2023 Form 10-K, Peoples estimates the allowance for credit losses using relevant available information, from both internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. In management's estimation of expected credit losses, Peoples uses a one-year reasonable and supportable period across all segments. Following the reasonable and supportable period, Peoples reverts the macroeconomic variables to their long run average over a four-quarter reversion period. Changes in the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 are summarized below: (Dollars in thousands) Beginning Balance, December 31, 2023 Initial Allowance for Acquired PCD Assets Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses (a) Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Balance, March 31, 2024 Construction $ 699 $ — $ 2 $ — $ — $ 701 Commercial real estate, other 20,915 — 1,002 (212) 83 21,788 Commercial and industrial 10,490 — 319 (235) 7 10,581 Premium finance 484 — 169 (54) 8 607 Leases 10,850 — 3,097 (1,270) 212 12,889 Residential real estate 5,937 — (74) (80) 83 5,866 Home equity lines of credit 1,588 — 94 — 7 1,689 Consumer, indirect 8,590 — 1,101 (1,461) 71 8,301 Consumer, direct 2,343 — 153 (226) 9 2,279 Deposit account overdrafts 115 — 268 (336) 74 121 Total $ 62,011 $ — $ 6,131 $ (3,874) $ 554 $ 64,822 (a) Amount does not include the provision for the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments. (Dollars in thousands) Beginning Balance, Initial Allowance for Acquired PCD Assets (a) Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses (b) Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Balance, March 31, 2023 Construction $ 1,250 $ — $ 32 $ (9) $ — $ 1,273 Commercial real estate, other 17,710 — (1,230) (33) 27 16,474 Commercial and industrial 8,229 — 79 (1) — 8,307 Premium finance 344 — 103 (23) 9 433 Leases 8,495 — 1,003 (469) 80 9,109 Residential real estate 6,357 — 159 (41) 29 6,504 Home equity lines of credit 1,693 — 43 (19) — 1,717 Consumer, indirect 7,448 — 1,183 (929) 79 7,781 Consumer, direct 1,575 — 133 (104) 15 1,619 Deposit account overdrafts 61 — 180 (227) 72 86 Total $ 53,162 $ — $ 1,685 $ (1,855) $ 311 $ 53,303 (a) Includes purchase price adjustments related to acquisitions previously completed but were within the 12-month measurement period. (b) Amount does not include the provision for the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments. During the first quarter of 2024, Peoples recorded a total provision for credit losses of $6.1 million, which was driven by (i) a deterioration in macro-economic conditions used within the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model, (ii) an increase of reserves on individually analyzed loans, (iii) and loan growth. The increase in the allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2024 when compared to prior periods was driven by the establishment of an allowance for credit losses for loans acquired in the Limestone Merger. During the first quarter of 2023, Peoples recorded a provision for credit losses of $1.7 million, largely attributable to a deterioration of macro-economic conditions, partially offset by a reduction in reserves for individually analyzed loans. Net charge-offs for the first quarter of 2023 were $1.5 million, primarily due to net charge-offs of indirect consumer loans of $0.9 million. Peoples had recorded an allowance for unfunded commitments of $1.7 million and $1.8 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The allowance for unfunded commitments (also referred to as "unfunded commitment liability") is presented in the “Accrued expenses and other liabilities” line of the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. The change in the allowance for unfunded commitments is also reflected in the "Provision for (recovery of) credit losses" line of the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations. |