STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION | NOTE 7 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION The following table summarizes stock-based option compensation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018: For the three months ended June 30, For the six months ended June 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Research and development $ 1,009,000 $ 900,000 $ 2,041,000 $ 1,744,000 General and administrative 669,000 1,773,000 1,740,000 2,829,000 Stock-based compensation expense included in operating expense 1,678,000 2,673,000 3,781,000 4,573,000 Total stock-based compensation expense 1,678,000 2,673,000 3,781,000 4,573,000 Tax benefit — — — — Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax $ 1,678,000 $ 2,673,000 $ 3,781,000 $ 4,573,000 We estimate the fair value of each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. We then recognize the grant date fair value of each option as compensation expense ratably using the straight-line attribution method over the service period (generally the vesting period). The Black-Scholes model incorporates the following assumptions: · Expected volatility – we estimate the volatility of our share price at the date of grant using a “look-back” period which coincided with the expected term, defined below. We believe using a “look-back” period which coincides with the expected term is the most appropriate measure for determining expected volatility. · Expected term – we estimate the expected term using the “simplified” method, as outlined in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, “Share-Based Payment.” · Risk-free interest rate – we estimate the risk-free interest rate using the U.S. Treasury yield curve for periods equal to the expected term of the options in effect at the time of grant. · Dividends – we use an expected dividend yield of zero because we have not declared or paid a cash dividend, nor do we have any plans to declare a dividend. We used the following weighted-average assumptions to estimate the fair value of the options granted for the periods indicated: For the three months ended June 30, For the six months ended June 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Expected volatility 108 % 109 % 108 % 109 % Expected term 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years Risk-free interest rate 2.21 % 2.65 % 2.24 % 2.44 % Expected dividend yield — % — % — % — % The following table summarizes the options granted for the periods indicated: For the three months ended For the six months ended June 30, June 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Options granted 1,183,890 224,800 1,384,890 869,800 Weighted-average: Exercise price $ 6.86 $ 16.27 $ 6.84 $ 14.38 Grant date fair value $ 5.39 $ 12.87 $ 5.37 $ 11.36 The following table summarizes restricted common stock compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018: For the three months ended June 30, For the six months ended June 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Research and development $ — $ — $ — $ — General and administrative 78,000 172,000 250,000 344,000 Stock-based compensation expense included in operating expense 78,000 172,000 250,000 344,000 Total stock-based compensation expense 78,000 172,000 250,000 344,000 Tax benefit — — — — Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax $ 78,000 $ 172,000 $ 250,000 $ 344,000 We did not grant any common stock to directors or employees during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 or 2018. |