Lisata Therapeutics S4/A Registration of securities issued in business combination transactions (amended)

Lisata Therapeutics (LSTA) S-4/ARegistration of securities issued in business combination transactions (amended)

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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 26, 2022

Registration No. 333-265638

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Amendment No. 1

FORM S-4

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

CALADRIUS BIOSCIENCES, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

David J. Mazzo, Ph.D.

President and Chief Executive Officer

Caladrius Biosciences, Inc.

110 Allen Road, 2^nd Floor

Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920

(908) 842-0100

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Jeffrey P. Schultz, Esq.

Daniel A. Bagliebter, Esq.

Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky &

Popeo, P.C.

Chrysler Center

666 Third Avenue

New York, New York 10017

(212) 935-3000

David Slack

President & Chief Executive Officer

Cend Therapeutics, Inc.

12544 High Bluff Drive, Suite 400

San Diego, California 92130

(858) 795-5123

Paul Johnson, Esq.

Christopher L. Tinen, Esq.

Procopio, Cory, Hargreaves &

Savitch LLP

12544 High Bluff Drive, Suite 400

San Diego, California 92130

(619) 525-3866

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effectiveness of this registration statement and the satisfaction or waiver of all other conditions under the Merger Agreement described herein.

If the securities being registered on this Form are being offered in connection with the formation of a holding company and there is compliance with General Instruction G, please check the following box. ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☒

Smaller reporting company

☒

Emerging Growth Company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

If applicable, place an X in the box to designate the appropriate rule provision relied upon in conducting this transaction:

Exchange Act Rule 13(e)-4(i) (Cross-Border Issuer Tender Offer) ☐

Exchange Act Rule 14d-1(d) (Cross-Border Third-Party Tender Offer) ☐

The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

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The information in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is not complete and may be changed. Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. may not sell its securities pursuant to the proposed transactions until the Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to completion, dated July 26, 2022

PROPOSED MERGER

YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT

To the Stockholders of Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. and Cend Therapeutics, Inc.:

Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. (“Caladrius”) and Cend Therapeutics, Inc. (“Cend”) have entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization (the “Merger Agreement”) pursuant to which a wholly owned subsidiary of Caladrius will merge with and into Cend, with Cend surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Caladrius (the “Merger”).

At the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), each share of Cend’s common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (“Cend Common Stock”), and each share of Cend’s preferred stock, par value $0.00001 per share (“Cend Preferred Stock,” together with the Cend Common Stock, the “Cend Capital Stock”), outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will be converted into the right to receive approximately 8.5623 shares of Caladrius’ common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Caladrius Common Stock”), subject to adjustment to account for the effect of a reverse stock split of Caladrius Common Stock, at a ratio mutually agreed to by Caladrius and Cend in the range of one new share for every five to fifteen shares outstanding (or any number in between) (the “Reverse Stock Split”), to be implemented prior to the consummation of the Merger as discussed in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement, and further adjusted based on Caladrius’ net cash and Cend’s unpaid transaction costs immediately prior to the closing of the Merger (the “Exchange Ratio”). Because Caladrius’ net cash balance and Cend’s unpaid transaction costs will not be determined until immediately prior to the closing of the Merger, and because the number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock issuable to Cend is determined based on Caladrius’ net cash balance and Cend’s unpaid transaction costs immediately prior to the closing of the Merger, Caladrius’ stockholders cannot be certain of the exact number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock that will be issued to Cend stockholders when Caladrius’ stockholders vote on the proposals at the Annual Meeting of Caladrius stockholders. Caladrius will assume outstanding and unexercised options to purchase shares of Cend Common Stock granted under Cend’s 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, and each such option will be converted into an option to purchase shares of Caladrius Common Stock, with the number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock subject to such option and the exercise price being appropriately adjusted to reflect the Exchange Ratio. Caladrius stockholders will continue to own and hold their existing shares of Caladrius Common Stock. At the Effective Time, each (i) option or other right to purchase shares of Caladrius Common Stock issued by Caladrius (a “Caladrius Option”), (ii) restricted stock unit covering shares of Caladrius Common Stock issued or granted by Caladrius, which for the avoidance of doubt, shall include a performance stock unit covering shares of Caladrius Common Stock issued or granted by Caladrius and (iii) award of shares of Caladrius Common Stock subject to forfeiture and certain vesting criteria, in each case, that is outstanding and unexercised immediately prior to the Effective Time, whether or not vested, shall survive the closing of the Merger and remain outstanding in accordance with its terms.

Immediately following the consummation of the Merger, Cend’s stockholders are expected to own approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock, and Caladrius’ stockholders are expected to own approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock, subject to adjustment of the Exchange Ratio as set forth in the Merger Agreement.

Shares of Caladrius Common Stock are currently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CLBS.” Prior to consummation of the Merger, Caladrius intends to file a notification form with the Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (“Nasdaq”) for the listing of additional shares with respect to the shares of Caladrius Common Stock to be issued to the holders of Cend Capital Stock in the Merger. After completion of the Merger, Caladrius will be renamed “Lisata Therapeutics, Inc.” and expects to trade on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “LSTA.” On July 25, 2022, the last trading day before the date of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement, the closing sale price of Caladrius Common Stock was $0.51 per share.

Caladrius is holding an annual meeting of stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) in order to obtain the stockholder approvals necessary to complete the Merger and related matters, hold an election of directors, hold a “say-on-pay” vote, and ratify the selection of an independent registered public accounting firm. At the Annual Meeting, which will be held at 9:00 a.m., New York time, on September 13, 2022, via live webcast on the internet where you will be able to participate in the Annual Meeting, vote and submit your questions during the Annual Meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/CLBS2022SM, unless postponed or adjourned to a later date, Caladrius will ask Caladrius’ stockholders to, among other things, (i) adopt the Merger Agreement thereby approving the Merger and the issuance of Caladrius Common Stock pursuant to the Merger Agreement, (ii) approve an amendment to Caladrius’ amended and restated certificate of incorporation effecting the Reverse Stock Split, (iii) approve an amendment to Caladrius’ amended and restated certificate of incorporation changing Caladrius’ corporate name from “Caladrius Biosciences, Inc.” to “Lisata Therapeutics, Inc.,” (iv) elect three Class III directors to hold office until the 2025 annual meeting of Caladrius’ stockholders or until their successors are elected (provided, however, that if the Merger is completed, Caladrius’ board of directors will be reconstituted as provided in the Merger Agreement), (v) ratify the selection by the audit committee of the Caladrius board of directors of Grant Thornton LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm of Caladrius for its calendar year ending December 31, 2022, (vi) approve, on a non-binding advisory basis, the executive compensation of Caladrius’ named executive officers as disclosed in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement and (vii) approve an amendment to the Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) that increases the number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the Plan by 5,000,000, each as described in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

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As described in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement, certain of Cend’s stockholders who in the aggregate own 100% of the outstanding shares of Cend Series A Preferred Stock, approximately 88.8% of the outstanding shares of Cend Series B Preferred Stock and approximately 77.5% of the outstanding shares of Cend Capital Stock on an as converted to common stock basis (excluding shares held by Caladrius), and certain Caladrius stockholders who in the aggregate own approximately 1.8% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock, are parties to support agreements with Caladrius and Cend, respectively, whereby such stockholders have agreed to vote in favor of the adoption or approval of the Merger Agreement, as applicable, and the approval of the transactions contemplated therein, including the Merger and the issuance of Caladrius Common Stock in the Merger pursuant to the Merger Agreement, respectively, subject to the terms of the support agreements. In addition, following the registration statement on Form S-4, of which this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is a part, being declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and pursuant to the conditions of the Merger Agreement, Cend’s stockholders who are party to the support agreements will each execute an action by written consent of Cend’s stockholders, referred to herein as the written consent, adopting the Merger Agreement, thereby approving the Merger and related transactions. Therefore, holders of a sufficient number of shares of Cend Capital Stock required to adopt the Merger Agreement will adopt the Merger Agreement, and no meeting of Cend stockholders is required to adopt the Merger Agreement and approve the Merger and related transactions and no meeting of Cend’s stockholders will be held. Nevertheless, all of Cend’s stockholders will have the opportunity to elect to adopt the Merger Agreement, thereby approving the Merger and related transactions, by signing and returning to Cend a written consent.

After careful consideration, the respective boards of directors of Caladrius and Cend have (i) determined that the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement are fair to, advisable and in the best interests of Caladrius or Cend, as applicable, and their respective stockholders, (ii) approved and declared advisable the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby and (iii) determined to recommend, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, that its stockholders vote to adopt or approve, as applicable, the Merger Agreement and, therefore, approve the transactions contemplated therein. Caladrius’ board of directors recommends that its stockholders vote “FOR” the proposals described in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement, and Cend’s board of directors recommends that its stockholders sign and return to Cend the written consent indicating their approval of the Merger and adoption of the Merger Agreement and related transactions.

More information about Caladrius, Cend and the proposed transaction is contained in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. Caladrius and Cend urge you to read this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement carefully and in its entirety. IN PARTICULAR, YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE MATTERS DISCUSSED UNDER THE SECTION ENTITLED “RISK FACTORS” IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS/INFORMATION STATEMENT.

Caladrius and Cend are excited about the opportunities the Merger brings to both Caladrius’ and Cend’s respective stockholders, and thank you for your consideration and continued support.

David J. Mazzo, Ph.D.

President and Chief Executive Officer

Caladrius Biosciences, Inc.

David Slack

President and Chief Executive Officer

Cend Therapeutics, Inc.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

This proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is dated , 2022, and is first being mailed to Caladrius’ and Cend’s respective stockholders on or about August 2, 2022.

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CALADRIUS BIOSCIENCES, INC.

110 Allen Road, 2^nd Floor

Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920

(908) 842-0100

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

TO BE HELD ON SEPTEMBER 13, 2022

Dear Stockholders of Caladrius:

On behalf of the board of directors of Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Caladrius”), we are pleased to deliver this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement for the proposed merger between Caladrius and Cend Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Cend”), pursuant to which CS Cedar Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Caladrius, will merge with and into Cend, with Cend surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Caladrius (the “Merger”). The annual meeting of stockholders of Caladrius (the “Annual Meeting”) will be held on September 13, 2022, at 9:00 a.m., New York time. The Annual Meeting will be held via live webcast on the internet. You will be able to participate in the Annual Meeting, vote and submit your questions during the Annual Meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/CLBS2022SM. You will not be able to attend the Annual Meeting in person. The Annual Meeting is being held for the following purposes:

To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve the Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of April 26, 2022, by and among Caladrius, CS Cedar Merger Sub, Inc. and Cend, a copy of which is attached as Annex A to this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement (the “Merger Agreement”), and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger and the issuance of shares of Caladrius’ common stock to Cend’s stockholders pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement.

To approve an amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius to effect a reverse stock split of Caladrius’ common stock, at a ratio mutually agreed to by Caladrius and Cend in the range of one new share for every five to fifteen shares outstanding (or any number in between), in the form attached as Annex D to this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

3.	To approve an amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius to change the corporate name of Caladrius from “Caladrius Biosciences, Inc.” to “Lisata Therapeutics, Inc.” in the form attached as Annex E to this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

4.	To elect three Class III directors to hold office until the 2025 annual meeting of Caladrius’ stockholders or until their successors are elected (provided, however, that if the Merger is completed, Caladrius’ board of directors will be reconstituted as provided in the Merger Agreement).

5.	To ratify the selection by the audit committee of the Caladrius board of directors of Grant Thornton LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm of Caladrius for its calendar year ending December 31, 2022.

6.	To approve, on a non-binding advisory basis, the executive compensation of Caladrius’ named executive officers as disclosed in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

7.	To approve an amendment to the Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) that increases the number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the Plan by 5,000,000.

8.	To consider and vote upon an adjournment of the Annual Meeting, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes in favor of Proposal No. 1 or 2.

9.	To transact such other business as may properly come before the stockholders at the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.

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Caladrius’ board of directors has fixed July 25, 2022, as the record date (the “Record Date”) for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof. Only holders of record of shares of Caladrius’ common stock at the close of business on the Record Date are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting. At the close of business on the Record Date, there were 60,583,249 shares of Caladrius’ common stock outstanding and entitled to vote.

Your vote is important. The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of Caladrius’ common stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting is required for approval of Proposal Nos. 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8. The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of shares of Caladrius’ common stock having voting power outstanding on the Record Date for the Annual Meeting is required for approval of Proposal Nos. 2 and 3. With respect to Proposal No. 4, the three nominees receiving the most “FOR” votes (from the votes of shares present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the election of directors) will be elected. The approval of Proposal No. 1 is a condition to the completion of the Merger. Therefore, the Merger cannot be consummated without the approval of Proposal No. 1.

All Caladrius stockholders are cordially invited to participate in the online, live Annual Meeting. However, even if you plan to participate in the webcast Annual Meeting, we request that you vote by following the instructions in the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials that you previously received and submit your proxy by telephone or through the Internet or by mail as promptly as possible prior to the Annual Meeting to ensure that your shares of Caladrius stock will be represented at the Annual Meeting. Please note, however, that if your shares are held of record by a broker, bank or other nominee and you wish to vote at the Annual Meeting, you must obtain a proxy issued in your name from the record holder.

By Order of Caladrius’ board of directors,

David J. Mazzo, Ph.D.

Caladrius Biosciences, Inc.

Basking Ridge, New Jersey

, 2022

CALADRIUS’ BOARD OF DIRECTORS HAS DETERMINED AND BELIEVES THAT EACH OF THE PROPOSALS OUTLINED ABOVE IS ADVISABLE TO, AND IN THE BEST INTERESTS OF, CALADRIUS AND ITS STOCKHOLDERS AND HAS APPROVED EACH SUCH PROPOSAL. CALADRIUS’ BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT CALADRIUS STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” EACH SUCH PROPOSAL.

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REFERENCES TO ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

This proxy statement/prospectus/information statement incorporates important business and financial information about Caladrius that is not included in or delivered with this document. You may obtain this information without charge through the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) website (www.sec.gov) or upon your written or oral request by contacting Caladrius’ Corporate Secretary at Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., 110 Allen Road, 2^nd Floor, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920 or by calling (908) 842-0100.

To ensure timely delivery of these documents, any request should be made no later than September 6, 2022, to receive them before the Annual Meeting.

For additional details about where you can find information about Caladrius, please see the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE MERGER			1
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY			12
The Companies			12
The Merger			13
Reasons for the Merger			14
Opinion of the Caladrius Financial Advisor			15
Overview of the Merger Agreement			15
Support Agreements			17
Lock-up Agreements			18
Collaboration Agreement			18
Management Following the Merger			19
Interests of Certain Directors, Officers and Affiliates of Caladrius and Cend			19
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger			19
Risk Factors			20
Regulatory Approvals			20
Nasdaq Capital Market Listing			20
Anticipated Accounting Treatment			21
Appraisal Rights and Dissenters’ Rights			21
Comparison of Stockholder Rights			21
SUMMARY HISTORICAL AND UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL DATA			22
RISK FACTORS			27
Risks Related to the Merger			27
Risks Related to Caladrius			31
Risks Related to Cend			58
Risks Related to the Combined Company			100
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS			105
THE ANNUAL MEETING OF CALADRIUS STOCKHOLDERS			106
Date, Time and Place			106
Purposes of the Annual Meeting			106
Recommendation of the Caladrius Board of Directors			106
Record Date and Voting Power			107
Voting and Revocation of Proxies			107
Required Vote			108
Solicitation of Proxies			109
Other Matters			109
THE MERGER			110
Background of the Merger			110
Caladrius Reasons for the Merger			116
Cend Reasons for the Merger			118
Opinion of the Caladrius Financial Advisor			120
Interests of the Caladrius Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger			131
Interests of the Cend Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger			134
Form of the Merger			137
Merger Consideration and Adjustment			137
Determination of Caladrius’ Net Cash			139
Procedures for Exchanging Cend Stock Certificates			140
Effective Time of the Merger			141
Regulatory Approvals			141
Tax Treatment of the Merger			141

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Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger			141
Nasdaq Capital Market Listing			143
Anticipated Accounting Treatment			144
Appraisal Rights and Dissenters’ Rights			144
THE MERGER AGREEMENT			148
General			148
Treatment of Caladrius Options			148
Treatment of Cend Options			148
Directors and Officers of Caladrius Following the Merger			148
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amendments to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Caladrius			149
Conditions to the Completion of the Merger			149
Representations and Warranties			152
No Solicitation			153
Meetings of Stockholders			155
Covenants; Conduct of Business Pending the Merger			155
Other Agreements			158
Termination			158
Termination Fee			160
Amendment			162
AGREEMENTS RELATED TO THE MERGER			163
Support Agreements			163
Lock-up Agreements			163
Stock Purchase Agreement			164
Collaboration Agreement			164
CALADRIUS DIRECTORS, OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE			165
Executive Officers of Caladrius			165
Directors of Caladrius			166
Board Composition			169
Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk Oversight			169
Board Committees			170
Director Compensation			175
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation			176
REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS			177
CALADRIUS EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION			178
CEND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION			183
CEND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION			188
MATTERS BEING SUBMITTED TO A VOTE OF CALADRIUS STOCKHOLDERS			189
Proposal No. 1: Approval of the Merger and the Issuance of Common Stock in the Merger			189
Proposal No. 2: Approval of an Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Caladrius Effecting the Reverse Stock Split			190
Proposal No. 3: Approval of an Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Caladrius Effecting the Caladrius Name Change			196
Proposal No. 4: Election of Directors			197
Proposal No. 5: Ratification of Selection of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm			198
Proposal No. 6: The Non-Binding, Advisory Vote on Named Executive Officer Compensation			199
Proposal No. 7: Approval of an Amendment to the 2018 Equity Incentive Compensation Plan			200
Proposal No. 8: Approval of Possible Adjournment of the Annual Meeting			205
EQUITY PLAN TABLE			206
Equity Compensation Plan Information			206
CALADRIUS BUSINESS			207

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CEND BUSINESS			220
CALADRIUS MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS			231
CEND MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS			241
MANAGEMENT FOLLOWING THE MERGER			253
Executive Officers and Directors			253
Composition of the Board of Directors			257
Committees of the Board of Directors			257
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE COMBINED ORGANIZATION			260
Caladrius Transactions			260
Cend Transactions			260
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS			262
DESCRIPTION OF CALADRIUS CAPITAL STOCK			274
COMPARISON OF RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF CALADRIUS STOCK AND CEND STOCK			277
Current Cend Rights Versus Caladrius Rights Post-Merger			277
Indemnification of Officers and Directors and Advancement of Expenses; Limitation on Personal Liability			285
Amendments to Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws			286
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS OF CALADRIUS			288
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS OF CEND			290
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS OF THE COMBINED ORGANIZATION			292
LEGAL MATTERS			294
EXPERTS			294
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION			294
TRADEMARK NOTICE			295
OTHER MATTERS			295
Stockholder Proposals			295
Stockholder Communications with the Caladrius Board of Directors			295
Householding of Proxy Materials			295
Annual Reports			295

INDEX TO CALADRIUS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS			FS-1
INDEX TO CEND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS			FS-1
ANNEX A—AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER AND REORGANIZATION			A-1
ANNEX B—OPINION OF BACK BAY LIFE SCIENCES ADVISORS, LLC			B-1
ANNEX C—GENERAL CORPORATION LAW OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE			C-1
ANNEX D—CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT FOR THE REVERSE STOCK SPLIT			D-1
ANNEX E—CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT FOR THE CALADRIUS NAME CHANGE			E-1
ANNEX F—2018 EQUITY INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN, AS AMENDED			F-1

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE MERGER

Except where specifically noted, the following information and all other information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement does not give effect to the proposed reverse stock split described in Proposal No. 2, beginning on page 190 in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement (the “Reverse Stock Split”).

The following section provides answers to frequently asked questions about the Merger (as defined below). This section, however, provides only summary information. For a more complete response to these questions and for additional information, please refer to the cross-referenced sections.

Q:	What is the Merger?

Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. (“Caladrius”) and Cend Therapeutics, Inc. (“Cend”) have entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of April 26, 2022 (the “Merger Agreement”). The Merger Agreement contains the terms and conditions of the proposed business combination of Caladrius and Cend. Under the Merger Agreement, CS Cedar Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Caladrius (“Merger Sub”) will merge with and into Cend, with Cend surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Caladrius (the “Merger”).

At the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), each share of Cend’s common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (“Cend Common Stock”), and each share of Cend’s preferred stock, par value $0.00001 per share (“Cend Preferred Stock,” and together with Cend Common Stock, “Cend Capital Stock”) outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (excluding certain shares to be canceled pursuant to the Merger Agreement, and shares held by stockholders who have exercised and perfected appraisal rights or dissenters’ rights as more fully described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement entitled “The Merger—Appraisal Rights and Dissenters’ Rights”) will be converted into the right to receive approximately 8.5623 shares of Caladrius’ common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Caladrius Common Stock”), subject to adjustment to account for the Reverse Stock Split, and further adjusted based on Caladrius’ net cash and Cend’s unpaid transaction costs immediately prior to the closing (the “Closing”) of the Merger (the “Exchange Ratio”). Because Caladrius’ net cash balance and Cend’s unpaid transaction costs will not be determined until the Closing, and because the number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock issuable to Cend is determined based on Caladrius’ net cash balance and Cend’s unpaid transaction costs at Closing, Caladrius Stockholders (as defined below) cannot be certain of the exact number of shares that will be issued to Cend’s stockholders when Caladrius’ stockholders vote on the proposals at the annual meeting of stockholders of Caladrius Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”). The Exchange Ratio is an estimate only and the final Exchange Ratio will be determined pursuant to a formula described in more detail in the Merger Agreement and in the attached proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. As a result of the Merger, current holders of shares of Cend Capital Stock (each holder of Cend Capital Stock, a “Cend Stockholder”) are expected to own, or hold rights to acquire, in the aggregate approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock and current stockholders of Caladrius (“Caladrius Stockholders”) are expected to own in the aggregate approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock and, in each case, following the Effective Time and subject to adjustment of the Exchange Ratio. After the consummation of the Merger, and assuming Caladrius Stockholders approve Proposal No. 3, Caladrius will change its corporate name to “Lisata Therapeutics, Inc.” as required by the Merger Agreement (the “Caladrius Name Change”).

Q:	What will happen to Caladrius if, for any reason, the Merger does not close?

A:	If, for any reason, the Merger does not close, the board of directors of Caladrius (the “Caladrius Board of Directors”) will continue to operate the existing business of Caladrius and may seek to continue to seek strategic transactions to diversify its pipeline of development product candidates.

Q:	Why are the two companies proposing to merge?

Cend and Caladrius believe that the Merger will result in a drug discovery and development company aiming to diversify the indication and technology risk associated with its development pipeline and to increase opportunity for value creation of its shareholders. For a discussion of Caladrius’ and Cend’s reasons for the Merger, please see the section entitled “The Merger—Caladrius Reasons for the Merger” and “The Merger—Cend Reasons for the Merger” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

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Q:	Why am I receiving this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement?

You are receiving this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement because you have been identified as a Caladrius Stockholder or Cend Stockholder as of the applicable Record Date (as defined below), and you are entitled, as applicable, to (i) vote at the Annual Meeting to approve the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger and the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock pursuant to the Merger Agreement, or (ii) sign and return the Cend written consent to adopt the Merger Agreement and approve the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger. The Annual Meeting will be held via live webcast on the internet. You will be able to participate in the Annual Meeting, vote and submit your questions during the Annual Meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/CLBS2022SM. You will not be able to attend the Annual Meeting in person. This document serves as:

•	a proxy statement of Caladrius used to solicit proxies for the Annual Meeting;

•	a prospectus of Caladrius used to offer shares of Caladrius Common Stock in exchange for shares of Cend Capital Stock in the Merger and issuable upon exercise of options to purchase Caladrius Common Stock, as applicable; and

•	an information statement of Cend used to solicit the written consent of Cend Stockholders for the adoption of the Merger Agreement and the approval of the Merger and related transactions.

Q:	What is required to consummate the Merger?

To consummate the Merger, Caladrius Stockholders must approve the Merger and the issuance of Caladrius Common Stock pursuant to the Merger Agreement (Proposal No. 1) and Cend Stockholders must adopt the Merger Agreement and, thereby, approve the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.

The approval of the Merger and the issuance of Caladrius Common Stock pursuant to the Merger Agreement by the Caladrius Stockholders requires the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting.

The adoption of the Merger Agreement and the approval of the Merger and related transactions by the Cend Stockholders requires the affirmative vote (or written consent) of the holders of a majority of (a) the outstanding shares of Cend Common Stock and Cend Preferred Stock, voting together as one class, (b) the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Cend Series A Preferred Stock, voting as a separate class, (c) the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Cend Series B Preferred Stock, voting as a separate class and (d) holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Cend Series D Preferred Stock, voting as a separate class. In addition to the requirement of obtaining such stockholder approvals and appropriate regulatory approvals, each of the other closing conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement must be satisfied or waived.

The approval of Proposal No. 1 is a condition to the completion of the Merger. Therefore, the Merger cannot be consummated without the approval of Proposal No. 1.

Votes will be counted by the inspector of election appointed for the meeting, who will separately count “FOR,” “AGAINST” and “WITHHOLD” votes, abstentions and broker non-votes. Abstentions and broker non-votes will be treated as shares present for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum for the transaction of business at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes will not, however, be considered votes cast at the Annual Meeting and will therefore not have any effect with respect to Proposal No. 1.

As of June 13, 2022, certain Cend Stockholders who in the aggregate own 100% of the outstanding shares of Cend Series A Preferred Stock, approximately 88.8% of the outstanding shares of Cend Series B

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Preferred Stock and approximately 77.5% of the outstanding shares of Cend Capital Stock on an as converted to common stock basis (excluding shares held by Caladrius), and certain Caladrius Stockholders who in the aggregate own approximately 1.8% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock, are parties to support agreements with Caladrius and Cend, respectively, whereby such stockholders have agreed to vote their shares in favor of the adoption or approval, as applicable, of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein, including the Merger and the issuance of Caladrius Common Stock to Cend Stockholders pursuant to the Merger Agreement, subject to the terms of the support agreements. In addition, following the registration statement on Form S-4, of which this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is a part, being declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and pursuant to the conditions of the Merger Agreement, Cend Stockholders who are party to the support agreements will each execute written consents approving the Merger and related transactions.

Therefore, holders of a sufficient number of shares of Cend Capital Stock required to adopt the Merger Agreement, thereby approving the Merger, have agreed to adopt the Merger Agreement via written consent. Cend Stockholders, including those who are parties to support agreements, are being requested to execute written consents providing such approvals.

For a more complete description of the closing conditions under the Merger Agreement, Caladrius urges you to read the section entitled “The Merger Agreement—Conditions to the Completion of the Merger” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Q:	What proposals are to be voted on at the Annual Meeting, other than the proposals required in connection with the Merger?

A:	At the Annual Meeting, the Caladrius Stockholders will also be asked to consider the following proposals, along with any other business that may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof:

•	Proposal No. 2 to approve an amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius to effect the Reverse Stock Split;

•	Proposal No. 3 to approve an amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius to effect the Caladrius Name Change;

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Proposal No. 4 to elect three Class III directors to hold office until the 2025 annual meeting of Caladrius Stockholders or until their successors are elected (provided, however, that if the Merger is completed, the Caladrius Board of Directors will be reconstituted as provided in the Merger Agreement);

•	Proposal No. 5 to ratify the selection of Grant Thornton LLP as Caladrius’ independent registered public accounting firm for the calendar year ending December 31, 2022;

•	Proposal No. 6 to approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the executive compensation of Caladrius’ named executive officers as described in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement;

•	Proposal No. 7 to approve an amendment to the Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Compensation Plan that increases the number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the Plan by 5,000,000; and

•	Proposal No. 8 to approve an adjournment of the Annual Meeting, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes in favor of Proposal No. 1 or 2.

The approval of Proposal Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are not conditions to the Merger. Such proposals, together with Proposal No. 1, are referred to collectively in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement as the proposals.

The approval of the Reverse Stock Split (Proposal No. 2) is required in order to avoid a potential delisting of Caladrius Common Stock from The Nasdaq Capital Market. However, the approval of the Reverse Stock Split (Proposal No. 2) is not a condition to closing the Merger and is also not conditioned upon the consummation of the Merger, and as such the Reverse Stock Split may be implemented by the Caladrius Board of Directors even if the Merger does not take place.

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Caladrius Stockholders should understand, however, that if the Merger is completed, the effect of the approval of Proposal No. 4 will be limited since the composition of the Caladrius Board of Directors will be changed upon completion of the Merger in accordance with the Merger Agreement.

The election of Class III directors to the Caladrius Board of Directors requires a plurality of the votes cast at the Annual Meeting. The approval of the proposal to ratify the selection of an independent registered public accounting firm for the calendar year ending December 31, 2022 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast in person or by proxy (not counting “abstentions” or “broker non-votes” as votes cast), assuming a quorum is present, at the Annual Meeting.

The presence, in person or represented by proxy, at the Annual Meeting of the holders of a majority of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting is necessary to constitute a quorum at the meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes will be counted toward a quorum. The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast in person or by proxy at the Annual Meeting, assuming a quorum is present, is required for approval of Proposal Nos. 5, 6, 7 and 8. The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of shares of Caladrius Common Stock having voting power outstanding on July 25, 2022 (the “Record Date”) is required for approval of Proposal Nos. 2 and 3. Broker non-votes will not be counted towards the vote total for Proposal Nos. 5, 6, 7 and 8. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” Proposal Nos. 2 and 3. With respect to Proposal No. 4, the three nominees receiving the most “FOR” votes (from the votes of shares present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the election of directors) will be elected. Broker non-votes will not be counted towards the vote total for Proposal No. 4.

Votes will be counted by the inspector of election appointed for the Annual Meeting, who will separately count “FOR,” “AGAINST” and “WITHHOLD” votes, abstentions and broker non-votes. “WITHHOLD” votes with respect to the election of one or more nominees for director pursuant to Proposal No. 4 will not be voted with respect to the director or directors indicated, although they will be counted for purposes of determining the presence of a quorum for the transaction of business at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes will also be treated as shares present for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum for the transaction of business at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes will not, however, be considered votes cast at the Annual Meeting and will therefore not have any effect with respect to Proposal Nos. 5, 6, 7 and 8. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have the same effect as “AGAINST” votes for Proposal Nos. 2 and 3.

As of June 13, 2022, the directors and executive officers of Caladrius beneficially owned approximately 1.8% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. As of June 13, 2022, Caladrius is not aware of any affiliate of Cend owning any shares of Caladrius Common Stock entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting.

Q:	What will Cend Stockholders and holders of Cend Options receive in the Merger?

As a result of the Merger, Cend Stockholders will become entitled to receive shares, or rights to acquire shares, of Caladrius Common Stock equal to, in the aggregate, approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock. Following the Closing, holders of options or other rights to purchase Cend Capital Stock (“Cend Options”) will have their Cend Options converted into options to purchase shares of Caladrius Common Stock, with the number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock subject to such option and the exercise price being appropriately adjusted to reflect the Exchange Ratio between Caladrius Common Stock and Cend Capital Stock determined in accordance with the Merger Agreement.

For a more complete description of what Cend Stockholders and holders of Cend Options will receive in the Merger, please see the section entitled “The Merger—Merger Consideration and Adjustment” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

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Q:	Who will be the directors of Caladrius following the Merger?

Following the consummation of the Merger, the size of the Caladrius Board of Directors will be maintained to include a total of up to nine directors. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, the Caladrius Board of Directors will be reconstituted such that four of directors will be designated by Cend and four directors will be designated by Caladrius. Following the Closing, the eight Caladrius and Cend designees may mutually select a ninth director, though there are no current plans to do so. It is anticipated that, following the Closing, the Caladrius Board of Directors will be constituted as follows:

Name			Current Principal Affiliation
David J. Mazzo, Ph.D.			Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
Gregory B. Brown, M.D.			Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., Director
Steven M. Klosk			Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., Director
Cynthia L. Flowers			Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., Director
David Slack			Cend Therapeutics, Inc., President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
Heidi Henson			Cend Therapeutics, Inc., Director
Erkki Ruoslahti, M.D., Ph.D.			Cend Therapeutics, Inc., Scientific Founder & Chairman
Mohammad Azab, MD, MBA			DURECT Corporation, Director

Q:	Who will be the executive officers of Caladrius immediately following the Merger?

A:	Immediately following the consummation of the Merger, the executive management team of Caladrius is expected to be composed of the following executive officers:

Name			Title
David J. Mazzo, Ph.D.			Chief Executive Officer
David Slack			President & Chief Business Officer
Kristen K. Buck, M.D.			Executive Vice President R&D and Chief Medical Officer

Q:	What are the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reverse Stock Split?

The Reverse Stock Split should constitute a “recapitalization” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, a U.S. holder (as defined in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement entitled “Matters Being Submitted to a Vote of Caladrius Stockholders—Caladrius Proposal No. 2: Approval of an Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Caladrius Effecting the Reverse Stock Split—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Reverse Stock Split”) of Caladrius Common Stock generally should not recognize gain or loss upon the Reverse Stock Split, except with respect to cash received in lieu of a fractional share of Caladrius Common Stock, as discussed in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement entitled “Matters Being Submitted to a Vote of Caladrius Stockholders—Caladrius Proposal No. 2: Approval of an Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Caladrius Effecting the Reverse Stock Split—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Reverse Stock Split.” A U.S. holder’s aggregate tax basis in the shares of Caladrius Common Stock received pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split should equal the aggregate tax basis of the shares of the Caladrius Common Stock surrendered (excluding any portion of such basis that is allocated to any fractional share of Caladrius Common Stock), and such U.S. holder’s holding period in the shares of Caladrius Common Stock received should include the holding period in the shares of Caladrius Common Stock surrendered. Treasury Regulations provide detailed rules for allocating the tax basis and holding period of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock surrendered to the shares of Caladrius Common Stock received in a recapitalization pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split. U.S. holders of shares of Caladrius Common Stock acquired on different dates and at different prices should consult their tax advisors regarding the allocation of the tax basis and holding period of such shares. For more information, please see the section of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement entitled “Matters Being Submitted to a Vote of Caladrius Stockholders—Caladrius Proposal No. 2: Approval of an Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Caladrius Effecting the Reverse Stock Split—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Reverse Stock Split.”

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Q:	What are the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Merger?

Caladrius and Cend intend the Merger to qualify as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), as described in the section entitled “The Merger—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. Assuming the Merger constitutes a reorganization, subject to the limitations and qualifications described in the section entitled “The Merger—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement, Cend Stockholders generally should not recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes on the receipt of shares of Caladrius Common Stock issued in connection with the Merger (other than in respect of cash received in lieu of fractional shares). Each Cend Stockholder who receives cash in lieu of a fractional share of Caladrius Common Stock will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having received such fractional share pursuant to the Merger and then as having exchanged such fractional share for cash in a redemption by Caladrius. A Cend Stockholder should generally recognize gain or loss on such a deemed exchange of the fractional share.

If the Merger is not treated as a reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Code, then, subject to the limitations and qualifications described in the section entitled “The Merger—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement, each Cend Stockholder will generally recognize gain or loss, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, on the receipt of shares of Caladrius Common Stock issued to such Cend Stockholder and on any cash received in lieu of fractional shares in connection with the Merger. The tax consequences to each Cend Stockholder will depend on that stockholder’s particular circumstances. Each Cend Stockholder should consult with his, her or its tax advisor for a full understanding of the tax consequences of the Merger to that stockholder.

Q:	As a Caladrius Stockholder, how does the Caladrius Board of Directors recommend that I vote?

A:	After careful consideration, the Caladrius Board of Directors recommends that Caladrius Stockholders vote:

•	“FOR” Proposal No. 1 to approve the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger and the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock to Cend Stockholders in the Merger;

•	“FOR” Proposal No. 2 to approve an amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius to effect the Reverse Stock Split;

•	“FOR” Proposal No. 3 to approve an amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius to effect the Caladrius Name Change;

•	“FOR” Proposal No. 4 to elect each of the Class III nominees for director to hold office until the 2025 annual meeting of Caladrius Stockholders or until their successors are elected;

•	“FOR” Proposal No. 5 to ratify the selection by the audit committee of the Caladrius Board of Directors of Grant Thornton LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm of Caladrius for its calendar year ending December 31, 2022;

•	“FOR” Proposal No. 6 to approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the executive compensation of Caladrius’ named executive officers as described in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement;

•	“FOR” Proposal No. 7 to approve an amendment to the Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Compensation Plan that increases the number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the Plan by 5,000,000; and

•	“FOR” Proposal No. 8 to adjourn the Annual Meeting, if necessary, if a quorum is present, to solicit additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes in favor of Proposal No. 1 or 2.

Q:	As a Cend Stockholder, how does the Cend Board of Directors recommend that I vote?

After careful consideration, the board of directors of Cend (the “Cend Board of Directors”) recommends that Cend Stockholders execute the written consent indicating their vote in favor of the adoption of the Merger Agreement and the approval of the Merger and the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.

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Q:	What risks should I consider in deciding whether to vote in favor of the Merger or to execute and return the written consent, as applicable?

You should carefully review the section of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement entitled “Risk Factors,” which sets forth certain risks and uncertainties related to the Merger, risks and uncertainties to which the combined organization’s business will be subject, and risks and uncertainties to which each of Caladrius and Cend, as independent companies, are subject.

Q:	Who can vote at the Annual Meeting?

A:	Only Caladrius Stockholders of record at the close of business on the Record Date, July 25, 2022, will be entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. As of July 25, 2022, there were 60,583,249 shares of Caladrius Common Stock outstanding and entitled to vote.

Stockholder of Record: Shares Registered in Your Name

If, at the close of business on the Record Date, your shares of Caladrius Common Stock were registered directly in your name with Caladrius’ transfer agent, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, then you are a Caladrius Stockholder of record. As a Caladrius Stockholder of record, you may vote virtually at the Annual Meeting or vote by proxy. Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, please vote as soon as possible by completing and returning the enclosed proxy card or vote by proxy over the telephone or on the internet as instructed below to ensure your vote is counted.

Beneficial Owner: Shares Registered in the Name of a Broker or Bank

If, at the close of business on the Record Date, your shares of Caladrius Common Stock were not held in your name, but rather in an account at a brokerage firm, bank, dealer or other similar organization, then you are the beneficial owner of shares held in “street name” and these proxy materials are being forwarded to you by that organization. The organization holding your account is considered to be the stockholder of record for purposes of voting at the Annual Meeting. As a beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker or other agent how to vote the shares in your account. You are also invited to attend the Annual Meeting. However, because you are not the stockholder of record, you may not vote your shares in person at the Annual Meeting unless you request and obtain a valid proxy from your broker or other agent.

Q:	How many votes do I have?

A:	On each matter to be voted upon, you have one vote for each share of Caladrius Common Stock you own as of the Record Date.

Q:	What is the quorum requirement?

A quorum of stockholders is necessary to hold a valid meeting. A quorum will be present if stockholders holding at least a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote are present at the Annual Meeting. On July 25, 2022, there were 60,583,249 shares of Caladrius Common Stock outstanding and entitled to vote. Accordingly, Caladrius expects that the holders of at least 30,291,625 shares of Caladrius Common Stock must be present at the Annual Meeting for a quorum to exist. Your shares of Caladrius Common Stock will be counted toward the quorum at the Annual Meeting only if you attend the Annual Meeting in person or are represented at the Annual Meeting by proxy.

Abstentions and broker non-votes (as described below) will be counted towards the quorum requirement. If there is no quorum, the holders of a majority of shares present and entitled to vote at the meeting in person or represented by proxy may adjourn the Annual Meeting to another date.

Q:	What are “broker non-votes”?

If you hold shares beneficially in street name and do not provide your broker or other agent with voting instructions, your shares may constitute “broker non-votes.” Broker non-votes occur on a matter when a broker is not permitted to vote on that matter without instructions from the beneficial owner and instructions are not given. These matters are referred to as “non-routine” matters. Proposals Nos. 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 are

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anticipated to be “non-routine” matters, but Proposal No. 2 regarding the Reverse Stock Split and Proposal No. 5 regarding the ratification of the selection of the independent registered public accounting firm are anticipated to be “routine” matters. Broker non-votes will not be counted toward the vote total for any proposal at the Annual Meeting.

Q:	How can I find out the results of the voting at the Annual Meeting?

Caladrius will disclose final voting results in a Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC within four business days after the Annual Meeting. If final voting results are unavailable at that time, then Caladrius intends to file a Current Report on Form 8-K to disclose preliminary voting results and file an amended Current Report on Form 8-K within four business days after the date the final voting results are available.

Q:	When are stockholder proposals due for next year’s annual meeting?

To be considered for inclusion in the proxy materials for the 2023 annual meeting of Caladrius Stockholders, your proposal must be submitted in writing by April 4, 2023 to Caladrius’ Corporate Secretary at Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., 110 Allen Road, 2^nd Floor, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920. However, if the meeting is more than 30 days from September 13, 2023, then the deadline for stockholder proposals will be a reasonable time before Caladrius begins to print and mail the proxy materials before the meeting.

If you wish to submit a proposal before the stockholders or nominate a director at the 2023 annual meeting of Caladrius Stockholders, but you are not requesting that your proposal or nomination be included in the proxy materials for that meeting, then you must follow the procedures set forth in Caladrius’ bylaws and, among other things, notify Caladrius’ Corporate Secretary in writing between May 16, 2023 and June 15, 2023. However, if the date of the 2023 annual meeting of Caladrius Stockholders is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after September 13, 2023, then you must give notice no later than the 90th day prior to that meeting or, if later, the 10th day following the day on which public disclosure of that annual meeting date is first made. You are also advised to review Caladrius’ bylaws, which contain additional requirements regarding advance notice of stockholder proposals and director nominations.

Q:	When do you expect the Merger to be consummated?

Caladrius and Cend anticipate that the Merger will occur sometime soon after the Annual Meeting to be held on September 13, 2022, but the companies cannot predict the exact timing. For more information, please see the section entitled “The Merger Agreement—Conditions to the Completion of the Merger” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Q:	What do I need to do now?

A:	Caladrius and Cend urge you to read this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement carefully, including its annexes, and to consider how the Merger affects you.

If you are a Caladrius Stockholder of record, you may provide your proxy instructions in one of two different ways. First, you can mail your signed proxy card in the enclosed return envelope. You may also provide your proxy instructions via telephone or via the Internet by following the instructions on your proxy card or voting instruction form. Please provide your proxy instructions only once, unless you are revoking a previously delivered proxy instruction, and as soon as possible so that your shares can be voted at the Annual Meeting.

If you are a Cend Stockholder, you may execute and return your written consent to Cend in accordance with the instructions provided.

Q:	What happens if I do not return a proxy card or otherwise provide proxy instructions, as applicable?

If you are a Caladrius Stockholder, the failure to return your proxy card or otherwise provide proxy instructions will reduce the aggregate number of votes required to approve Proposal Nos. 1, 4, 5 and 8 and will have the same effect as voting against Proposal Nos. 2 and 3 and your shares will not be counted for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present at the Annual Meeting.

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Q:	When and where is the Annual Meeting?

A:	The Annual Meeting will be held at 9:00 a.m., New York time, on September 13, 2022 via live webcast at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/CLBS2022SM. You will not be able to attend the Annual Meeting in person.

Q:	Why are you holding a virtual Annual Meeting?

This year’s Annual Meeting will be held in a virtual meeting format only. We have designed our virtual format to enhance, rather than constrain, stockholder access, participation and communication. For example, the virtual format allows stockholders to communicate with us in advance of, and during, the Annual Meeting so that they can ask questions of the Caladrius Board of Directors or management, as time permits.

Q:	What happens if there are technical difficulties during the Annual Meeting?

We will have technicians ready to assist you with any technical difficulties you may have accessing the virtual Annual Meeting, voting at the Annual Meeting or submitting questions at the Annual Meeting. If you encounter any difficulties accessing the virtual Annual Meeting during the check-in or meeting time, please call the technical support number that will be posted on the virtual Annual Meeting login page.

Q:	What do I need to do now and how do I vote?

A:	Caladrius urges you to read this proxy statement carefully, including its appendices, as the actions contemplated by each of the Proposals may affect you.

If your shares of Caladrius stock are registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, you are considered, with respect to those shares, to be the “stockholder of record,” and the proxy materials and proxy card are being sent directly to you by Caladrius. There are four methods by which you may vote your shares at the Annual Meeting:

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By Internet. You may vote your shares 24 hours a day by logging onto the secure website indicated in the instructions that are included in the Notice, or if you received printed materials, on the proxy card and following the instructions provided any time up until 11:59 pm, New York time, on September 12, 2022.

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By Telephone. You may vote your shares 24 hours a day by calling the telephone number listed in the instructions that are included in the Notice, or if you received printed materials, on the proxy card and following the instructions provided by the recorded message any time up until 11:59 pm, New York time, on September 12, 2022.

•	By Mail. If you received a proxy card by mail, you may vote by completing, signing, dating and promptly returning the proxy card in the postage-paid return envelope provided with the proxy materials for receipt prior to the Annual Meeting.

•

At the Virtual Meeting. You may vote your shares electronically through the portal at the virtual Annual Meeting (if you satisfy the admission requirements, as described below). Even if you plan to attend the Annual Meeting virtually, we encourage you to vote in advance by telephone, through the Internet or by mail so that your vote will be counted in the event you later decide not to attend virtually the Annual Meeting.

The Annual Meeting will be a virtual meeting of stockholders conducted via a live webcast that provides stockholders the same rights and opportunities to participate as they would have at an in-person meeting. We believe that a virtual meeting will provide expanded stockholder access and participation and improved communications. You will be able to vote your shares electronically at the virtual meeting. To attend and submit your questions during the virtual meeting, please visit www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/CLBS2022SM. To participate and vote during the Annual Meeting, you will need the 16-digit control number included on your Internet Notice or on your proxy card. Beneficial shareholders who do not have a control number may gain access to and vote at the meeting by logging in to their broker, brokerage firm, bank or other nominee’s website and selecting the stockholder communications mailbox to access the meeting; instructions should also be provided on the voting instruction card provided

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by your broker, bank, or other nominee. If you encounter any difficulties accessing the virtual meeting during check-in or the meeting, please call the technical support number that will be posted on the virtual shareholder meeting log-in page.

Q:	What happens if I do not sign and return my proxy card or vote by telephone, through the Internet before or during the Annual Meeting?

If you are a stockholder of record of Caladrius and you do not sign and return your proxy card or vote by telephone, through the Internet or during the virtual meeting, your shares will not be voted at the Annual Meeting and will not be counted as present for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum, which is required to transact business at the Annual Meeting. Assuming the presence of a quorum, the failure to return your proxy card or otherwise vote your shares during the Annual Meeting will have no effect on any of the Proposals.

Q:	If my Caladrius shares are held in “street name” by my broker, will my broker vote my shares for me?

Unless your broker has discretionary authority to vote on certain matters, your broker will not be able to vote your shares of Caladrius Common Stock without instructions from you. Brokers are not expected to have discretionary authority to vote for Proposal No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 or 7. To make sure that your vote is counted, you should instruct your broker to vote your shares, following the procedures provided by your broker.

Q:	May I change my vote after I have submitted a proxy or provided proxy instructions?

Caladrius Stockholders of record, other than those Caladrius Stockholders who are parties to support agreements, may change their vote at any time before their proxy is voted at the Annual Meeting in one of three ways. First, a Caladrius Stockholder of record can send a written notice to the Secretary of Caladrius stating that it would like to revoke its proxy. Second, a Caladrius Stockholder of record can submit new proxy instructions either on a new proxy card or via the Internet. Third, a Caladrius Stockholder of record can attend the Annual Meeting and vote virtually. Attendance alone will not revoke a proxy. If a Caladrius Stockholder of record or a stockholder who owns shares of Caladrius Common Stock in “street name” has instructed a broker to vote its shares of Caladrius Common Stock, the stockholder must follow directions received from its broker to change those instructions.

Q:	Who is paying for this proxy solicitation?

Caladrius will be responsible for the cost of printing and filing this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement and the proxy card. Arrangements will also be made with brokerage firms and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries who are record holders of Caladrius Common Stock for the forwarding of solicitation materials to the beneficial owners of Caladrius Common Stock. Caladrius will reimburse these brokers, custodians, nominees and fiduciaries for the reasonable out-of-pocket expenses they incur in connection with the forwarding of solicitation materials.

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Q:	Who can help answer my questions?

A:	If you are a Caladrius Stockholder and would like additional copies, without charge, of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement or if you have questions about the Merger, including the procedures for voting your shares, you should contact:

Caladrius Biosciences, Inc.

110 Allen Road, 2^nd Floor

Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920

Tel: (908) 842-0100

Attn: David J. Mazzo, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer

If you are a Cend Stockholder, and would like additional copies, without charge, of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement or if you have questions about the Merger, including the procedures for voting your shares, you should contact:

Cend Therapeutics, Inc.

12544 High Bluff Drive, Suite 400

San Diego, California 92130

Tel: (858) 795-5123

Attn: David Slack, President and Chief Executive Officer

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights selected information from this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement and may not contain all of the information that is important to you. To better understand the Merger, the proposals being considered at the Annual Meeting and Cend Stockholder actions that are the subject of the written consent, you should read this entire proxy statement/prospectus/information statement carefully, including the Merger Agreement attached as Annex A, the opinion of Back Bay Life Science Advisors, LLC. (“Back Bay”) attached as Annex B and the other annexes to which you are referred herein. For more information, please see the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

The Companies

Caladrius Biosciences, Inc.

110 Allen Road, 2^nd Floor

Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920

Caladrius is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the development and commercialization of therapies to treat and/or reverse disease. Caladrius is developing what are intended to be first-in-class therapeutics based on the characteristics of naturally occurring CD34+ cells and their ability to stimulate the growth of new microvasculature. Caladrius’ technology is intended to leverage these cells to enable the body’s natural repair mechanisms using formulations unique to each medical indication.

Caladrius’ leadership team has decades of collective biopharmaceutical product development experience in a variety of therapeutic categories. Caladrius’ goal is to develop and commercialize products that address important unmet medical needs based on a broad and versatile portfolio of candidates. Caladrius’ current product candidates include:

•	XOWNA® (CLBS16), the subject of both a completed positive Phase 2a study (ESCaPE-CMD) and an ongoing follow-on Phase 2b study (the “FREEDOM Trial”) in the United States for the treatment of coronary microvascular dysfunction (“CMD”);

•	HONEDRA® (CLBS12), recipient of SAKIGAKE designation and eligible for early conditional approval in Japan for the treatment of critical limb ischemia (“CLI”) and Buerger’s disease is being sought based on the current results of a clinical trial executed in Japan; and

•	CLBS201, the subject of a study designed to assess the safety and efficacy of CD34+ cell therapy as a treatment for patients with chronic kidney disease related to type 2 diabetes (diabetic kidney disease or “DKD”).

Cend Therapeutics, Inc.

12544 High Bluff Drive, Suite 400

San Diego, California 92130

Cend is a clinical stage biotech company focused on a tumor microenvironment (“TME”)-modifying approach to enable more effective treatment for a range of solid tumor cancers. Cend is advancing a pipeline of product and partnering opportunities based on the CendR Platform™ to potentially improve outcomes for patients with a range of solid tumor cancers that are currently poorly treated, representing high unmet medical needs.

Cend’s management team is comprised of a number of professionals who have decades of experience working with biotech, pharmaceutical and medical companies, many of which are publicly traded. Cend’s lead investigational drug, CEND-1, modifies the TME by targeting tumor vasculature by its affinity for alpha-v integrins that are selectively expressed in tumor, but not healthy tissue vasculature. CEND-1 is a cyclic peptide that, once bound to these integrins, is cleaved by proteases expressed in tumors to release a peptide fragment, called a CendR fragment, which binds to a second receptor, called neuropilin-1, to activate a novel uptake pathway that allows anticancer drugs to more selectively penetrate solid tumors. The ability of CEND-1 to modify the TME to enhance delivery and efficacy of co-administered drugs has been demonstrated in models, including tumor cell line models, multiple mouse xenograft models with human tumor cell lines and

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patient-derived tumors, and genetically engineered and syngeneic mouse models, of a range of solid tumors. Based on results from multiple pre-clinical mouse xenograft models of pancreatic and other human cancers, CEND-1 has also been shown in unpublished preclinical models of human tumors in xenograft mouse models as well as in genetically engineered and syngeneic mouse models to selectively deplete certain immunosuppressive cell types in tumors wherein the TME is dominated by such immunosuppressive cells, hampering the patients’ immune systems’ and immunotherapies’ abilities to fight disease. Cend plans to explore its potential for combination therapy with immunotherapies. As part of the CendR Platform™, Cend is also conducting preclinical research on a tumor-penetrating nanocomplex (“TPN”) technology that may enable nucleic acid-based drugs, such as antisense, small interfering RNA (“siRNA”) or messenger RNA (“mRNA”), to more effectively treat solid tumor cancers, which could potentially result in earlier stage product and partnership opportunities.

In February 2021, Cend entered an exclusive license and collaboration agreement with a major pharmaceutical company in China, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (“Qilu”), in which Qilu gained rights to CEND-1 for development and commercialization in Greater China. Under the terms of the agreement, Cend received $10 million in up-front license fees and is eligible to receive development and commercial milestone payments up to $100 million and $125 million, respectively, tiered royalties on net sales in the Qilu territory ranging from 10% to 15%, and tiered sublicensing revenues ranging from 12% to 35%. The parties also have an active collaboration in which Qilu provides funding for development and regulatory activities within China.

Cend’s current product candidate development activities include:

•	CEND-1/gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel, which is currently the subject of a Phase 2b clinical trial for pancreatic cancer;

•	CEND-1/FOLFIRINOX, which is currently the subject of a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial for pancreatic cancer;

•	CEND-1/FOLFIRINOX/ panitumumab (non-Ras mutated pts), which is currently the subject of a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial for colorectal and appendiceal cancers;

•	CEND1/gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel +/- anti-PD(L)1, for which Cend expects to commence a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial for pancreatic cancer during either the fourth quarter of 2022 or the first quarter of 2023;

•	CEND-1/standard of care (SoC) for selected solid tumor cancers, which Cend expects to commence a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial during the first half of 2023; and

•	Potential development candidate(s) based on TPN.

CS Cedar Merger Sub, Inc.

Merger Sub is a wholly owned subsidiary of Caladrius and was formed solely for the purposes of carrying out the Merger.

The Merger (see page 110)

If the Merger is completed, Merger Sub will merge with and into Cend, with Cend surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Caladrius.

At the Effective Time, each outstanding share of Cend Capital Stock (excluding any shares of capital stock held by Caladrius) outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will automatically be converted solely into the right to receive a number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock equal to the Exchange Ratio, subject to adjustment to account for the Reverse Stock Split, for Caladrius’ net cash immediately prior to the Closing, for Cend’s unpaid transaction costs immediately prior to the Closing and in accordance with the Merger Agreement; each Cend Option outstanding and unexercised immediately prior to the Effective Time, whether vested or unvested, will be assumed by Caladrius and will become an option, subject to vesting (with acceleration of vesting triggered by the Merger in some instances), to purchase shares of Caladrius Common Stock, and, immediately after the Merger, based on the Exchange Ratio, current Cend Stockholders are expected to own, or hold rights to acquire, approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock with current Caladrius Stockholders expected to own approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common

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Stock. The approximate post-Closing ownership will be subject to adjustment based on Caladrius’ net cash immediately prior to Closing and the amount of any unpaid transaction costs of Cend in excess of $250,000 immediately prior to Closing. Accordingly, such percentages are subject to change based upon the final Exchange Ratio as set forth in the Merger Agreement

For a more complete description of the Merger and the Exchange Ratio please see the section entitled “The Merger Agreement” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

The Closing will occur no later than the second business day after the last of the conditions to the Merger has been satisfied or waived (other than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the Closing, but subject to the satisfaction or waiver of each such conditions), or at such other time as Caladrius and Cend agree. Caladrius and Cend anticipate that the consummation of the Merger will occur in the third quarter of the calendar year. However, because the Merger is subject to a number of conditions, neither Caladrius nor Cend can predict exactly when the Closing will occur or if it will occur at all. After completion of the Merger, assuming that Caladrius receives the required stockholder approval of Proposal No. 3, Caladrius will be renamed “Lisata Therapeutics, Inc.”

Reasons for the Merger

Following the Merger, the combined organization will be a drug discovery and development company focused on its diverse product development pipeline, including the advancement of product and partnering opportunities based on the CendR Platform™ technology. Caladrius and Cend believe that the combined organization will have the following potential advantages:

•

Emerging Development-Stage Company. Cend is a clinical-stage drug discovery and development company focused on a novel approach to enable more effective treatments for solid tumor cancers. The CendR Platform™ provides a tumor-targeted tissue penetration capability to specifically enhance drug delivery to tumors. Cend is also applying its technology to alter immunosuppression selectively within the tumor microenvironment to enable a patient’s immune system and immunotherapies to fight cancer with greater effectiveness. Caladrius and Cend believe that Cend’s development programs will diversify Caladrius’ product portfolio pipeline. Cend’s TPN technology platform holds significant potential to enable RNA-based drugs to work effectively in treating solid tumor cancers, which could potentially result in product and partnership opportunities.

•	Management Team. It is expected that the combined organization will be led by the existing experienced senior management team from Caladrius and David Slack from Cend and a board of directors of up to nine members with equal representation from each of Caladrius and Cend.

•

Cash Resources. The combined organization is expected to have at least $63.8 million in cash and cash equivalents at the Closing, assuming a Closing on September 30, 2022, which Caladrius and Cend believe is sufficient to enable Caladrius to pursue its near-term clinical trials for Cend’s technology and Caladrius’ ongoing clinical trials and business plans.

Each of the boards of directors of Caladrius and Cend also considered other reasons for the Merger, as described herein. For example, the Caladrius Board of Directors considered, among other things:

•

the strategic alternatives to the Merger available to Caladrius to expand and diversify its product candidate portfolio pipeline, including the discussions that Caladrius’ management and the Caladrius Board of Directors previously conducted with other potential target companies and licensing partners;

•	the fact that the stock market was not currently giving any value to Caladrius’ current product development programs;

•	the opportunity as a result of the Merger for Caladrius Stockholders to participate in the potential value of Cend’s product candidate portfolio and the potential growth of the combined organization following the Merger.

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In addition, the Cend Board of Directors approved the Merger based on a number of factors, including the following:

•	the potential increased access to sources of capital and a broader range of investors to support the clinical development of its products than it could otherwise obtain if it continued to operate as a privately held company;

•	the potential to provide its current stockholders with greater liquidity by owning stock in a public company;

•

the Cend Board of Directors’ belief that no alternatives to the Merger were reasonably likely to create greater value for Cend Stockholders after reviewing the various strategic options to enhance stockholder value that were considered by the Cend Board of Directors and the likelihood of achieving any alternative transaction compared to the likelihood of completing the Merger;

•	the $10 million of cash resources provided to Cend by Caladrius pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (as defined below) and the cash resources of the combined organization expected to be available at the Closing relative to the anticipated burn rate of the combined organization; and

•	the expectation that the Merger will be treated as a reorganization for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Opinion of the Caladrius Financial Advisor (see page 120)

The Caladrius Board of Directors engaged Back Bay to provide strategic advisory and investment banking services in connection with evaluating and considering various strategic alternatives, and ultimately requested that Back Bay render an opinion as to whether the consideration to be paid by Caladrius in the Merger, as provided in the Merger Agreement, was fair, from a financial point of view, to Caladrius. At the April 25, 2022 meeting of the Caladrius Board of Directors, Back Bay rendered its oral opinion, subsequently confirmed by delivery of a written opinion dated April 25, 2022, to the Caladrius Board of Directors that, as of the date of such opinion, and based upon the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered, and qualifications and limitations of the review set forth in its written opinion, the consideration to be paid by Caladrius in the Merger was fair, from a financial point of view, to Caladrius. For purposes of Back Bay’s opinion, the term “consideration” means (i) the cancellation of 1,135,650 shares of Cend Series D Preferred Stock, $0.00001 par value per share, which were issued to Caladrius for an aggregate purchase price of $10.0 million pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement that was entered into by Caladrius and Cend concurrently with their entry into the Merger Agreement and (ii) the shares of Caladrius Common Stock to be issued to holders of Cend Capital Stock in the Merger.

The full text of Back Bay’s written opinion, which sets forth the procedures followed, assumptions made, matters considered, and qualifications and limitations of the review undertaken in connection with the opinion, is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement as Annex B and is incorporated by reference in its entirety to this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. Back Bay’s opinion was intended solely for the benefit and use of the Caladrius Board of Directors (in its capacity as such) in connection with its consideration of the Merger. Back Bay’s opinion was not intended to be used for any other purpose without Back Bay’s prior written consent in each instance, except as expressly provided for in the engagement letter between Caladrius and Back Bay. Back Bay has consented to the use of Back Bay’s opinion in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. Back Bay’s opinion did not address Caladrius’ underlying business decision to enter into the Merger Agreement or complete the Merger or the merits of the Merger as compared to any alternative transactions that were or may be available to Caladrius, and did not constitute a recommendation to the Caladrius Board of Directors or to any Caladrius Stockholder as to how such stockholder should vote with respect to the Merger or otherwise.

Overview of the Merger Agreement

Merger Consideration (see page 137)

At the Effective Time, all outstanding shares of Cend Capital Stock shall convert into the right to receive Caladrius Common Stock as follows:

•	each share of Cend Capital Stock (excluding any shares of capital stock held by Caladrius) outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will automatically be converted solely into the right to receive

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a number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock equal to the Exchange Ratio, subject to adjustment to account for the Reverse Stock Split, for Caladrius’ net cash immediately prior to the Closing, for Cend’s unpaid transaction costs immediately prior to the Closing and in accordance with the Merger Agreement;

•

each Cend Option outstanding and unexercised immediately prior to the Effective Time, whether vested or unvested, will be assumed by Caladrius and will become an option, subject to vesting (with acceleration of vesting triggered by the Merger in some instances), to purchase shares of Caladrius Common Stock; and

•

immediately after the Merger, based on the Exchange Ratio, current Cend Stockholders are expected to own, or hold rights to acquire, approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock with current Caladrius Stockholders expected to own approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock. The approximate post-closing ownership will be subject to adjustment based on Caladrius’ net cash immediately prior to Closing and the amount of any unpaid transaction costs of Cend in excess of $250,000 immediately prior to Closing. Accordingly, such percentages are subject to change based upon the final Exchange Ratio as set forth in the Merger Agreement.

Treatment of Cend Options (see page 148)

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time, each Cend Option that is outstanding and unexercised immediately prior to the Effective Time granted under the Cend 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, whether or not vested, will be assumed by Caladrius and will become an option to purchase that number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock equal to the product obtained by multiplying (i) the number of shares of Cend Common Stock that were subject to such Cend Option immediately prior to the Effective Time by (ii) the Exchange Ratio, and rounding the resulting number down to the nearest whole number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock. The per share exercise price for Caladrius Common Stock issuable upon exercise of each Cend Option assumed by Caladrius shall be determined by dividing (a) the per share exercise price of Cend Common Stock subject to such Cend Option, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, by (b) the Exchange Ratio, and rounding the resulting exercise price up to the nearest whole cent. Any restriction on the exercise of any Cend Option assumed by Caladrius will continue in full force and effect and the term, exercisability, vesting schedule and other provisions of such Cend Option shall otherwise remain unchanged.

Treatment of Caladrius Options (see page 148)

At the Effective Time, each Caladrius Option that is outstanding and unexercised immediately prior to the Effective Time, whether or not vested, shall survive the Closing and remain outstanding in accordance with its terms.

Conditions to the Completion of the Merger (see page 149)

To consummate the Merger, Caladrius Stockholders must approve (a) the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger and the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock to Cend Stockholders in the Merger, and (b) an amendment to the certificate of incorporation of Caladrius effecting the Reverse Stock Split. Additionally, Cend Stockholders must adopt the Merger Agreement thereby approving the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. In addition to obtaining such stockholder approvals, each of the other closing conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement must be satisfied or waived.

No Solicitation (see page 153)

Each of Caladrius and Cend have agreed that, except as described below, Caladrius and Cend and any of their respective subsidiaries will not, nor will either party or any of its subsidiaries authorize any of the directors, officers, employees, agents, attorneys, accountants, investment bankers, advisors or representatives retained by it or any of its subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly:

•	solicit, initiate or knowingly encourage, induce or facilitate the communication, making, submission or announcement of, any “Acquisition Proposal” (as defined in the section of this proxy

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statement/prospectus/information statement entitled “The Merger Agreement—No Solicitation”), or “Acquisition Inquiry” (as defined in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement entitled “The Merger Agreement—No Solicitation”);

•	furnish any non-public information with respect to it to any person in connection with or in response to an Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry;

•	engage in discussions or negotiations with any person with respect to any Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry;

•	approve, endorse or recommend an Acquisition Proposal; or

•	execute or enter into any letter of intent or similar document or any contract contemplating or otherwise relating to an Acquisition Transaction (as defined in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement entitled “The Merger Agreement—No Solicitation”).

Termination (see page 158)

Either Caladrius or Cend can terminate the Merger Agreement under certain circumstances, which would prevent the Merger from being consummated.

Termination Fee (see page 160)

If the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances, Caladrius will be required to pay Cend a termination fee of $1.0 million, and, if the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain separate circumstances, Cend will be required to pay Caladrius a termination fee of $4.0 million. In some circumstances, Caladrius or Cend will be required to reimburse the other party for expenses incurred in connection with the Merger, up to a maximum of $1.0 million.

Support Agreements (see page 163)

Certain Cend Stockholders are party to a support agreement with Caladrius pursuant to which, among other things, each of these stockholders agreed, solely in his, her or its capacity as a Cend Stockholder, to vote all of his, her or its shares of Cend Capital Stock in favor of the adoption of the Merger Agreement, the approval of the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger, and the approval of any other matter necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement that are considered and voted upon by the Cend Stockholders and against any Acquisition Proposal. The parties to the support agreements with Caladrius include all directors and executive officers of Cend and certain major stockholders of Cend, including ER Trust 2/18/11, Innovation 2016 Kyoto Investment Limited Partnership, Leading Choice International Limited, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Kazuki Sugahara and Tambet Teesalu.

As of June 13, 2022, the Cend Stockholders that are party to a support agreement with Caladrius owned an aggregate of 3,823,674 shares of Cend Common Stock, 371,396 shares of Cend Series A Preferred Stock and 951,637 shares of Cend Series B Preferred Stock, representing approximately 77.5% of the outstanding shares of Cend Capital Stock on an as converted to common stock basis (excluding shares held by Caladrius). These stockholders include executive officers and directors of Cend and certain stockholders owning a significant portion of the outstanding shares of Cend Capital Stock. Following the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is a part and pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Cend Stockholders holding a sufficient number of shares of Cend Capital Stock to adopt the Merger Agreement and approve the Merger and related transactions will execute written consents providing for such adoption and approval.

Caladrius’ directors and executive officers are party to a support agreement with Cend pursuant to which, among other things, such individuals have agreed, solely in his or her capacity as a Caladrius Stockholder, to vote all of his or her shares of Caladrius Common Stock in favor of (i) the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger and the issuance of Caladrius Common Stock to Cend Stockholders, (ii) an amendment to the certificate of incorporation of Caladrius to effect the Reverse Stock Split, (iii) an amendment to the certificate of incorporation of Caladrius to effect the Caladrius Name Change, (iv) any proposal to adjourn or postpone the meeting to a later date, if there are not sufficient votes for the approval of

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the other matters to be approved on date of the Annual Meeting, and (v) any other matter necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement that are considered and voted upon by Caladrius Stockholders at the Annual Meeting and against any Acquisition Proposal.

As of June 13, 2022, the Caladrius Stockholders that are party to a support agreement with Cend beneficially owned an aggregate of 1,099,314 shares of Caladrius Common Stock, representing approximately 1.8% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock.

The support agreements are discussed in greater detail in the section entitled “Agreements Related to the Merger—Support Agreements” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Lock-up Agreements (see page 163)

As a condition to the Closing, certain Caladrius Stockholders and Cend Stockholders have entered into lock-up agreements, pursuant to which such parties have agreed not to, except in limited circumstances, sell or transfer, or engage in swap or similar transactions with respect to, shares of Caladrius Common Stock, including, as applicable, shares received in the Merger and issuable upon exercise of certain options, in each case from the Closing until the date that is 120 days from the Closing.

As of June 13, 2022, Caladrius Stockholders who have executed lock-up agreements beneficially owned in the aggregate approximately 1.8% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock.

Cend Stockholders who have executed lock-up agreements as of June 13, 2022 owned in the aggregate approximately 77.5% of the outstanding shares of Cend Capital Stock on an as if converted into common stock basis (excluding shares held by Caladrius).

The lock-up agreements are discussed in greater detail in the section entitled “Agreements Related to the Merger—Lock-up Agreements” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Stock Purchase Agreement (see page 164)

Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement and in order to provide Cend with capital for its development programs prior to the closing of the Merger, Caladrius and Cend entered into a Series D Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which Caladrius agreed to purchase from Cend 1,135,628 shares of Series D Preferred Stock, $0.00001 par value per share (the “Series D Preferred Stock”), of Cend at a purchase price per share equal to $8.8057 per share (the “Series D Original Issue Price”), or approximately $10,000,000 in the aggregate. The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and agreements by Caladrius and Cend and customary conditions to Closing. The Series D Preferred Stock ranks senior to Cend’s common stock and the other series of preferred stock with respect to rights on the distribution of assets on any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Cend. The Series D Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference equal to the Series D Original Issue Price plus an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid dividends to the date of payment and will participate with Cend’s common stockholders and other preferred stockholders thereafter on an as-converted basis, except in connection with the Merger. The Series D Preferred Stock shall vote with the shares of Caladrius Common Stock on an as-converted basis on any matters presented to the Cend Stockholders. Each share of Series D Preferred Stock is convertible, at the option of the holder thereof, into such number of shares of Cend Common Stock as is determined by dividing the Series D Original Issue Price by the conversion price in effect at the time of conversion, which conversion price shall be the Series D Original Issue Price as appropriately adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, and subdivisions of Cend common stock, and as adjusted pursuant to a weighted-average antidilution adjustment. The Series D Preferred Stock will automatically convert into shares of Cend common stock upon the closing of a firm-commitment underwritten initial public offering implying a pre-equity offering value of at least $250 million, resulting in at least $50 million of gross proceeds to Cend.

Collaboration Agreement (see page 164)

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individuals from both entities. The Committee will meet regularly and be responsible for monitoring ongoing studies and making recommendations for development activity and trial planning. Cend has agreed to pay each member of the Committee from Caladrius an hourly consulting fee for such service.

Management Following the Merger (see page 253)

Effective as of the Closing, Caladrius’ officers are expected to include:

Name			Title
David J. Mazzo, Ph.D.			Chief Executive Officer
David Slack			President & Chief Business Officer
Kristen K. Buck, M.D.			Executive Vice President R&D and Chief Medical Officer

Interests of Certain Directors, Officers and Affiliates of Caladrius and Cend (see page 131, 134)

In considering the recommendation of the Caladrius Board of Directors with respect to issuing shares of Caladrius Common Stock pursuant to the Merger Agreement and the other matters to be acted upon by Caladrius Stockholders at the Annual Meeting, Caladrius Stockholders should be aware that certain members of the Caladrius Board of Directors and executive officers of Caladrius have interests in the Merger that may be different from, or in addition to, interests they have as Caladrius Stockholders. For example, all of Caladrius’ executive officers and four of Caladrius’ directors will remain in their positions immediately following the Merger.

As of June 13, 2022, the directors and executive officers of Caladrius beneficially owned, in the aggregate approximately 4.3% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock.Certain of Caladrius’ officers and directors, and their affiliates, have also entered into support agreements in connection with the Merger. The support agreements are discussed in greater detail in the section entitled “Agreements Related to the Merger—Support Agreements” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

In considering the recommendation of the Cend Board of Directors with respect to approving the Merger and related transactions by written consent, Cend Stockholders should be aware that certain members of the Cend Board of Directors and certain executive officers of Cend have interests in the Merger that may be different from, or in addition to, interests they have as Cend Stockholders. For example, certain of Cend’s directors and executive officers have options, subject to vesting (with acceleration of vesting triggered by the Merger in some instances), to purchase shares of Cend Common Stock which, at Closing, shall be converted into and become options to purchase shares of Caladrius Common Stock; certain of Cend’s directors and executive officers are expected to become directors and executive officers of Caladrius upon the Closing; and all of Cend’s directors and executive officers are entitled to certain indemnification and liability insurance coverage pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement.

As of June 13, 2022, all directors and executive officers of Cend, together with their affiliates, owned approximately 47.1% of the outstanding shares of Cend Capital Stock, on an as converted to common stock basis. Certain of Cend’s officers and directors, and their affiliates, have also entered into support agreements in connection with the Merger. The support agreements are discussed in greater detail in the section entitled “Agreements Related to the Merger—Support Agreements” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger (see page 141)

As discussed in detail in the section entitled “The Merger—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement, Caladrius and Cend intend the Merger to qualify as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. If the Merger is not treated as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, then each U.S. holder generally will be treated as exchanging its shares of Cend Capital Stock in a fully taxable transaction in exchange for shares of Caladrius Common Stock. Cend Stockholders will generally recognize gain or loss in such exchange equal to the amount that such Cend Stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares of Cend Capital Stock surrendered is less or more than the fair market value of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock (and cash in lieu of a fractional share)

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received in exchange therefor. Determining the actual tax consequences of the Merger to you may be complex and will depend on the facts of your own situation. You should consult your tax advisors to fully understand the tax consequences to you of the Merger, including estate, gift, state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences of the Merger.

Risk Factors (see page 27)

Both Caladrius and Cend are subject to various risks associated with their businesses and their industries. In addition, the Merger poses a number of risks to each company and its respective stockholders, including the possibility that the Merger may not be completed and the following risks:

•

the Exchange Ratio is not adjustable based on the market price of Caladrius Common Stock, so the merger consideration at the Closing may have a greater or lesser value than at the time the Merger Agreement was signed; failure to complete the Merger may result in Caladrius or Cend paying a termination fee or expenses to the other and could harm the per share price of Caladrius Common Stock and future business and operations of each company;

•	the Merger may be completed even though material adverse changes may result solely from the announcement of the Merger, general economic or political conditions or conditions generally affecting the industries in which Caladrius and Cend operate and other causes;

•	some Caladrius and Cend officers and directors have interests that are different from or in addition to those considered by stockholders of Caladrius and Cend and which may influence them to support or approve the Merger;

•	the market price of Caladrius Common Stock may decline as a result of the Merger;

•	Caladrius Stockholders and Cend Stockholders may not realize a benefit from the Merger commensurate with the ownership dilution they will experience in connection with the Merger;

•	during the pendency of the Merger, Caladrius and Cend may not be able to enter into a business combination with another party under certain circumstances because of restrictions in the Merger Agreement, which could adversely affect their respective businesses;

•	certain provisions of the Merger Agreement may discourage third parties from submitting alternative takeover proposals, including proposals that may be superior to the arrangements contemplated by the Merger Agreement;

•

because the lack of a public market for shares of Cend Capital Stock makes it difficult to evaluate the fairness of the Merger, the Cend Stockholders may receive consideration in the Merger that is less than the fair market value of the shares of Cend Capital Stock and/or Caladrius may pay more than the fair market value of the shares of Cend Capital Stock; and

•	if the conditions to the Merger are not met, the Merger will not occur.

These risks and other risks are discussed in greater detail under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. Caladrius and Cend both encourage you to read and consider all of these risks carefully.

Regulatory Approvals (see page 141)

In the United States, Caladrius must comply with applicable federal and state securities laws and the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) in connection with the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock and the filing of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement with the SEC.

Nasdaq Capital Market Listing (see page 143)

Prior to consummation of the Merger, Caladrius intends to file a notification form with Nasdaq for the listing of additional shares with respect to the shares of Caladrius Common Stock to be issued to the holders of Cend Capital Stock in the Merger. Caladrius anticipates that shares of Caladrius Common Stock will be listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market following the Closing under the trading symbol “LSTA.”

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Anticipated Accounting Treatment (see page 144)

The Merger is expected to be treated by Caladrius as an asset acquisition by Caladrius in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). To determine the accounting for this transaction under U.S. GAAP, a company must assess whether an integrated set of assets and activities should be accounted for as an acquisition of a business or an asset acquisition. The guidance requires an initial screen test to determine if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single asset or group of similar assets. If that screen is met, the set is not a business. In connection with the acquisition of Cend, substantially all the fair value is included in in-process research and development of CEND-1 and, as such, the acquisition is expected to be treated as an asset acquisition. For accounting purposes, Caladrius is considered to be acquiring Cend in the Merger.

Appraisal Rights and Dissenters’ Rights (see page 144)

Holders of shares of Caladrius Common Stock are not entitled to appraisal rights in connection with the Merger. Cend Stockholders are entitled to appraisal rights in connection with the Merger under Delaware law. For more information about such rights, see the provisions of Section 262 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) attached hereto as Annex C, and the section entitled “The Merger—Appraisal Rights and Dissenters’ Rights” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Comparison of Stockholder Rights (see page 277)

Both Caladrius and Cend are incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware and, accordingly, the rights of the stockholders of each are currently, and will continue to be, governed by the DGCL. If the Merger is completed, Cend Stockholders will become Caladrius Stockholders, and their rights will be governed by the DGCL, the bylaws of Caladrius and, assuming Proposals No. 2 and 3 are approved by Caladrius Stockholders at the Annual Meeting, the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius. The rights of Caladrius Stockholders contained in the amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws of Caladrius differ from the rights of Cend Stockholders under the amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws of Cend, as more fully described under the section entitled “Comparison of Rights of Holders of Caladrius Stock and Cend Stock” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

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SUMMARY HISTORICAL AND UNAUDITED PRO FORMA

CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables present summary historical financial data for Caladrius and Cend, summary unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data for Caladrius and Cend, and comparative historical and unaudited pro forma per share data for Caladrius and Cend.

Selected Historical Financial Data of Caladrius

The selected statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 and the selected balance sheet data as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 are derived from Caladrius’ audited financial statements prepared using U.S. GAAP, which are included in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. The selected statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 and the selected balance sheet data as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 are derived from Caladrius’ audited financial statements, which are not included in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. The selected financial data for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, are derived from Caladrius’ unaudited condensed financial statements included in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. The financial data should be read in conjunction with “Caladrius Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Caladrius’ condensed financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in any future period.

	Years Ended December 31,					Three Months Ended Mar 31,
	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2022	2021
						(unaudited)	(unaudited)
Statement of Operations Data:	(in thousands, except per share data)
Research and development	$17,680	$9,253	$10,797	$7,594	$15,843	$3,278	$5,076
General and administrative	11,370	9,892	9,295	9,393	11,750	3,342	3,010
Operating expenses	29,050	19,145	20,092	16,987	27,593	6,620	8,086
Operating loss	(29,050)	(19,145)	(20,092)	(16,987)	(27,593)	(6,620)	(8,086)
Other income (expense):
Investment income, net	151	132	740	824	273	63	23
Other (expense), net	(75)	—	—	(5)	(378)	(148)	—
	76	132	740	819	(105)	(85)	23
Loss before taxes and noncontrolling interests	(28,974)	(19,013)	(19,352)	(16,168)	(27,698)	(6,705)	(8,063)
Benefit from income taxes	(1,508)	(10,872)	—	—	(11,527)	(2,479)	—
Net loss from continuing operations	(27,466)	(8,141)	(19,352)	(16,168)	(16,171)	(4,226)	(8,063)
Discontinued operations - net	—	—	—	—	38,399	—	—
Net (loss) income	(27,466)	(8,141)	(19,352)	(16,168)	22,228	(4,226)	(8,063)
Less - net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—	9	9	(1)	(182)	—	—
Less - net loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests					(569)	—	—
Net loss attributable to Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. common shareholders	$(27,466)	$(8,150)	$(19,361)	$(16,167)	$22,979	$(4,226)	$(8,063)
Basic and diluted (loss) income per share
Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. common shareholders	$(0.50)	$(0.53)	$(1.88)	$(1.67)	$2.56	$(0.07)	$(0.19)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted shares	55,313	15,440	10,325	9,689	8,969	60,560	42,117

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	At December 31,					At Mar 31,
	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2022
Balance Sheet Data:	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$24,647	$16,512	$14,032	$10,299	$29,163	$12,747
Restricted cash	—	—	—	—	5,005	—
Marketable securities	70,323	18,061	11,125	32,754	25,917	75,772
Total current assets	96,182	35,331	25,972	44,106	61,397	90,700
Total assets	97,008	36,002	27,153	44,580	63,376	91,463
Total current liabilities	4,523	3,506	5,976	5,619	9,314	2,801
Total liabilities	5,008	3,760	6,600	7,126	13,187	3,222
Accumulated deficit	(453,016)	(425,550)	(417,400)	(397,977)	(381,810)	(457,242)
Total equity	92,000	32,242	20,553	37,454	50,189	88,241

Selected Historical Financial Data of Cend

The selected financial data as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are derived from Cend’s audited consolidated financial statements prepared using U.S. GAAP, which are included in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. The statement of operations data for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, as well as the balance sheet data as of March 31, 2022, are derived from Cend’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. In the opinion of management of Cend, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments, necessary to state fairly Cend’s results of operations and financial position. These historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in any future period. The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with “Cend Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Cend’s financial statements and the related notes to those statements appearing elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Summary Consolidated Balance Sheet

	Three Months Ended March 31,	Year Ended December 31,
	2022	2021	2020

Cash	$4,716	$6,288	$684
Working capital	5,332	6,627	1,052
Total assets	6,432	7,487	1,529
Total liabilities	1,316	1,076	477
Accumulated deficit	(11,636)	(10,207)	(13,946)
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	75	1,370	(3,989)

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Summary Consolidated Statement of Operations

	Three Months Ended March 31,		Year Ended December 31,
	2022	2021	2021	2020
(in thousands)	(unaudited)	(unaudited)
Net revenues	$178	$9,736	$14,787	$—

Operating expenses:
Research and development	1,291	3,200	8,148	1,555
Acquired in process research & development	—	520	1,584	6,572
General and administrative	316	237	1,150	598
Total operating expenses	1,607	3,957	10,882	8,725
Operating income (loss)	(1,429)	5,779	3,905	(8,725)

Other income (expense)
Interest income	—	—	4	5
Total other income (expense), net	—	—	4	5
Net income (loss) before taxes	$(1,429)	$5,779	$3,909	$(8,720)
Income tax expense	—	192	170	—
Consolidated net income (loss)	$(1,429)	$5,587	$3,739	$(8,720)

Income allocable to participating securities	—	(2,166)	(1,466)	—
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders	$(1,429)	$3,421	$2,273	$(8,720)

Selected Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Data of Caladrius and Cend

The following information does not give effect to the Reverse Stock Split of Caladrius Common Stock.

The following selected unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data was prepared using the acquisition method of accounting under U.S. GAAP. For accounting purposes, Caladrius is considered to be acquiring Cend in the Merger. The Caladrius and Cend unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet data assume that the Merger took place on March 31, 2022, and combines the Caladrius and Cend historical balance sheets as of March 31, 2022. The Caladrius and Cend unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations data assume that the Merger took place on January 1, 2021, and combines the historical results of Caladrius and Cend for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021.

The selected unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data are presented for illustrative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the combined financial position or results of operations of future periods or the results that actually would have been realized had the entities been a single entity during these periods. The selected unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and for the year ended December 31, 2021 are derived from the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information and should be read in conjunction with that information. For more information, please see the section entitled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information assumes that, at the Effective Time, each share of Cend Capital Stock will be converted into the right to receive shares of Caladrius Common Stock such that, immediately after the Merger, Caladrius Stockholders are expected to own approximately 50% of the outstanding common stock of the combined organization and Cend Stockholders are expected to own approximately 50% of the outstanding common stock of the combined organization, and is subject to adjustment to account for the occurrence of certain events discussed elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

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Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations Data

	Three Months Ended Mar 31,		Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
	(unaudited)		(unaudited)
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Net revenues	$178		$14,787

Operating Expenses:
Research and development	4,569		25,828
In-process research and development	—		36,595
General and administrative	3,700		18,837
Operating expenses	8,269	��	81,260
Operating loss	(8,091)		(66,473)
Other income (expense):
Investment income, net	63		151
Other expense, net	(148)		(75)
Interest income	—		4
Total other (expense) income	(85)		80
Net loss before benefit from income taxes	(8,176)		(66,393)
Benefit from income taxes	(2,479)		(1,338)
Net loss	$(5,697)		$(65,055)
Net loss per share attributable to common shareholders:
Basic	$(0.05)		$(0.56)
Diluted	$(0.05)		$(0.56)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	121,081		115,243
Diluted	121,081		115,243

Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet Data

			At Mar 31,
			2022
			(unaudited)
Balance Sheet Data (in thousands):
Cash and cash equivalents			$17,463
Marketable securities			75,772
Total current assets			97,132
Total assets			100,195
Total current liabilities			9,856
Total liabilities			10,493
Accumulated deficit			(495,320)
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)			89,702

Comparative Historical and Unaudited Pro Forma Per Share Data

The information below reflects the historical net loss and book value per share of Caladrius Common Stock and the historical net loss and book value per share of Cend Common Stock in comparison with the unaudited pro forma net loss and book value per share after giving effect to the Merger on a purchase basis. The unaudited pro forma net loss and book value per share does not give effect to the proposed Reverse Stock Split.

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You should read the tables below in conjunction with the audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements of Caladrius included in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement and the audited and unaudited financial statements of Cend included in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement and the related notes and the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information and notes related to such financial statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Caladrius

	Year Ended December 31, 2021	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Historical Per Common Share Data:
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$(0.50)	$(0.07)
Book value per share	$1.54	$1.46

Cend

	Year Ended December 31, 2021	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Historical Per Common Share Data:
Basic net loss per share	$0.54	$(0.33)
Diluted net loss per share	$0.48	$(0.33)
Book value per share	$0.32	$0.02

Caladrius and Cend

	Year Ended December 31, 2021	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Pro Forma Per Common Share Data:
Basic net loss per share	$(0.56)	$(0.05)
Diluted net loss per share	$(0.56)	$(0.05)
Book value per share	$1.56	$1.46

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RISK FACTORS

The combined organization will be faced with a market environment that cannot be predicted and that involves significant risks, many of which will be beyond its control. In addition to the other information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement, you should carefully consider the material risks described below before deciding how to vote your shares of stock. In addition, you should read and consider the risks associated with the business of Caladrius because these risks may also affect the combined organization—these risks can be found in Caladrius’ Annual Report on Form 10-K, as updated by subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, all of which are filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference into this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. You should also read and consider the other information in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement and the other documents incorporated by reference into this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. Please see the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Risks Related to the Merger

The Exchange Ratio is not adjustable based on the market price of Caladrius Common Stock so the merger consideration at the Closing may have a greater or lesser value than the market price at the time the Merger Agreement was signed.

The Merger Agreement has set the Exchange Ratio formula for Cend Capital Stock, and the Exchange Ratio is adjustable upward or downward based on Caladrius’ net cash and Cend’s unpaid transaction costs at the closing of the Merger and changes in the outstanding Cend Capital Stock or the outstanding Caladrius Common Stock, including in connection with the proposed Reverse Stock Split prior to completion of the Merger as described in the section entitled “The Merger—Merger Consideration and Adjustment” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. Any changes in the market price of Caladrius Common Stock before the completion of the Merger will not affect the number of shares Cend Stockholders will be entitled to receive pursuant to the Merger Agreement. Therefore, if before the completion of the Merger, the market price of Caladrius Common Stock declines from the market price on the date of the Merger Agreement, then Cend Stockholders could receive merger consideration with substantially lower value. Similarly, if before the completion of the Merger, the market price of Caladrius Common Stock increases from the market price on the date of the Merger Agreement, then Cend Stockholders could receive merger consideration with substantially more value for their shares of Cend Capital Stock than the parties had negotiated in the establishment of the Exchange Ratio. The Merger Agreement does not include a price-based termination right. Because the Exchange Ratio does not adjust as a result of changes in the value of Caladrius Common Stock, for each one percentage point that the market value of Caladrius Common Stock rises or declines, there is a corresponding one percentage point rise or decline, respectively, in the value of the total merger consideration issued to Cend Stockholders.

Caladrius’ net cash may be less than a range between $61.076 million and $73.579 million at the closing of the Merger, which, depending on when the closing of the Merger occurs, could result in Caladrius Stockholders owning a smaller percentage of the combined organization and could even result in the conditions to the closing of the Merger not being satisfied.

For purposes of the Merger Agreement, cash is subject to certain reductions, including, without limitation, accounts payable, accrued expenses (except those related to the Merger), current liabilities payable in cash, unpaid expenses related to the Merger and certain other unpaid obligations, including declared but unpaid dividends. In the event the amount of Caladrius’ cash is smaller or such reductions are greater than anticipated, Caladrius Stockholders could hold a significantly smaller portion of the combined organization. Additionally, the Merger Agreement includes a closing condition based upon a minimum net cash balance depending on when the closing of the Merger occurs. In the event that Caladrius’ net cash falls below this threshold, Cend would not be obligated to consummate the Merger.

Cend’s unpaid transaction costs may exceed $250,000 at the closing of the Merger, or Caladrius’ net cash may be in excess of certain targets in the Merger Agreement, both of which could result in Cend Stockholders owning a smaller percentage of the combined organization.

In the event the amount of Cend’s unpaid transaction costs exceed $250,000, Cend Stockholders could hold a significantly smaller portion of the combined organization. In addition, the provisions of the Merger Agreement

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providing for a reduction in the ownership of Caladrius Stockholders for cash shortfalls also provide for an increase in the ownership of Caladrius Stockholders in the even the amount of Caladrius’ cash is greater than certain other thresholds. These factors could combine to materially reduce the Cend Stockholders’ ownership of the combined organization.

Failure to complete the Merger may result in Caladrius and Cend paying a termination fee or expenses to the other party and could harm the price of Caladrius Common Stock and the future business and operations of each company.

If the Merger is not completed, Caladrius and Cend are subject to the following risks:

•	if the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances, Caladrius or Cend will be required to pay certain transaction expenses of the other party, up to a maximum of $1.0 million;

•	if the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances, Cend will be required to pay Caladrius a termination fee of $4.0 million, plus certain transaction expenses of Caladrius;

•	if the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances, Caladrius will be required to pay Cend a termination fee of $1.0 million, plus certain transaction expenses of Cend;

•	the price of Caladrius Common Stock may decline and remain volatile; and

•	some costs related to the Merger, such as certain portions of legal and accounting fees, must be paid even if the Merger is not completed.

In addition, if the Merger Agreement is terminated and the Caladrius Board of Directors or the Cend Board of Directors determines to seek another business combination, there can be no assurance that either Caladrius or Cend will be able to find a partner willing to provide equivalent or more attractive consideration than the consideration to be provided by each party in the Merger.

The Merger may be completed even though material adverse changes may result from the announcement of the Merger, industry-wide changes and other causes.

In general, either Caladrius or Cend can refuse to complete the Merger if there is a material adverse change affecting the other party between the date of the Merger Agreement, and the Closing. However, certain types of changes do not permit either party to refuse to complete the Merger, even if such change could be said to have a material adverse effect on Caladrius or Cend, including:

•	with respect to Caladrius, any rejection or non-acceptance by a governmental body of a registration statement or filing by Caladrius relating to certain intellectual property rights of Caladrius;

•	the taking of any action, or the failure to take any action, by either Caladrius or Cend required to comply with the terms of the Merger Agreement;

•	any effect resulting from the announcement or pendency of the Merger or any related transactions;

•	continued losses from operations or decreases in cash balances of Caladrius or Cend;

•

any natural disaster or any act or threat of terrorism or war anywhere in the world, any armed hostilities or terrorist activities anywhere in the world, any threat or escalation or armed hostilities or terrorist activities anywhere in the world or any governmental or other response or reaction to any of the foregoing;

•	any change in accounting requirements or principles of any change in applicable laws, rules or regulations or the interpretation thereof;

•	any general economic or political conditions or conditions generally affecting the industries in which the Caladrius or Cend operate;

•

any epidemics, pandemics, disease outbreaks, or other public health emergencies or the escalation or worsening thereof, including COVID-19 or Caladrius’ or Cend’s compliance with any quarantine, “shelter in place,” “stay at home,” social distancing, shut down, closure, sequester, safety or similar law, guidelines or recommendations promulgated by any governmental body, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the World Health Organization, in each case, in connection with, related to, or in response to COVID-19, including the CARES Act and Families First Coronavirus Response Act;

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•	with respect to Caladrius, any changes in or affecting research and development, clinical trials or other drug development activities conducted by or on behalf of Caladrius;

•	with respect to Caladrius, any change in the stock price or trading volume of Caladrius Common Stock excluding any underlying effect that may have caused such change; and

•	with respect to Cend, any change in the cash position of Cend that results from operations in the ordinary course of business.

If adverse changes occur and Caladrius and Cend still complete the Merger, the price of Caladrius Common Stock may suffer. This in turn may reduce the value of the Merger to the Caladrius Stockholders, the Cend Stockholders or both.

Some Caladrius and Cend officers and directors have interests in the Merger that are different from yours and that may influence them to support or approve the Merger without regard to your interests.

Certain officers and directors of Caladrius and Cend participate in arrangements that provide them with interests in the Merger that are different from yours, including, among others, the continued service as an officer or director of the combined organization, severance benefits, continued indemnification and the potential ability to sell an increased number of shares of common stock of the combined organization in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). For example, Caladrius has entered into certain employment and severance benefits agreements with each of its current executive officers that may result in the receipt by such executive officers of cash severance payments and other benefits with a total value of approximately $3.0 million (collectively, not individually), based on data available as of June 13, 2022 and assuming a covered termination of employment of each executive officer’s employment as of such date. For more information concerning the treatment of Caladrius options in connection with the Merger, see the section entitled “The Merger Agreement—Treatment of Caladrius Options” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. In addition, and for example, certain of Cend’s directors and executive officers have options, subject to vesting (with acceleration of vesting triggered by the Merger in some instances), to purchase shares of Cend Common Stock which, at the Closing, shall be converted into and become options to purchase shares of Caladrius Common Stock; certain of Cend’s directors and executive officers are expected to become directors and executive officers of Caladrius upon the Closing; and all of Cend’s directors and executive officers are entitled to certain indemnification and liability insurance coverage pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement. For more information concerning the interests of Caladrius and Cend executive officers and directors, see the sections entitled “The Merger—Interests of the Caladrius Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger” and “The Merger—Interests of the Cend Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

The market price of Caladrius Common Stock following the Merger may decline as a result of the Merger.

The market price of Caladrius Common Stock may decline as a result of the Merger for a number of reasons if:

•	investors react negatively to the prospects of the combined organization’s business and prospects from the Merger;

•	the effect of the Merger on the combined organization’s business and prospects is not consistent with the expectations of financial or industry analysts; or

•	the combined organization does not achieve the perceived benefits of the Merger as rapidly or to the extent anticipated by financial or industry analysts.

Caladrius Stockholders may not realize a benefit from the Merger commensurate with the ownership dilution they will experience in connection with the Merger, and Cend Stockholders may likewise receive less value than anticipated in the Merger.

If the combined organization is unable to realize the full strategic and financial benefits currently anticipated from the Merger, Caladrius Stockholders will have experienced substantial dilution of their ownership interests without receiving any commensurate benefit, or only receiving part of the commensurate benefit, and likewise the value of the shares in the combined organization received by Cend Stockholders may be of significantly less value than anticipated, to the extent the combined organization is able to realize only part of the strategic and financial benefits currently anticipated from the Merger.

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Caladrius Stockholders and Cend Stockholders will have a reduced ownership and voting interest in, and will exercise less influence over the management of, the combined organization following the completion of the Merger as compared to their current ownership and voting interests in the respective companies.

After the completion of the Merger, the current Caladrius Stockholders and Cend Stockholders will own a smaller percentage of the combined organization than their ownership of their respective companies prior to the Merger. Immediately after the Merger, Caladrius Stockholders, whose shares of Caladrius Common Stock will remain outstanding after the Merger, will own approximately 50% of the outstanding Caladrius Common Stock and Cend Stockholders will own approximately 50% of the outstanding Caladrius Common Stock, in each case, excluding securities convertible or exercisable into shares of Caladrius Common Stock. These estimates are based on the anticipated Exchange Ratio and are subject to adjustment.

During the pendency of the Merger, Caladrius and Cend may not be able to enter into a business combination with another party at a favorable price because of restrictions in the Merger Agreement, which could adversely affect their respective businesses.

Covenants in the Merger Agreement impede the ability of Caladrius and Cend to make acquisitions, subject to certain exceptions relating to fiduciary duties, as set forth below, or to complete other transactions that are not in the ordinary course of business pending completion of the Merger. As a result, if the Merger is not completed, the parties may be at a disadvantage to their competitors during such period. In addition, while the Merger Agreement is in effect, each party is generally prohibited from soliciting, initiating, encouraging or entering into certain extraordinary transactions, such as merger, sale of assets or other business combination outside the ordinary course of business with any third party, subject to certain exceptions relating to fiduciary duties, as set forth below. Any such transactions could be favorable to such party’s stockholders.

Certain provisions of the Merger Agreement may discourage third parties from submitting alternative takeover proposals, including proposals that may be superior to the arrangements contemplated by the Merger Agreement.

The terms of the Merger Agreement prohibit each of Caladrius and Cend from soliciting alternative takeover proposals or cooperating with persons making unsolicited takeover proposals, except in limited circumstances when such party’s board of directors determines in good faith that an unsolicited alternative takeover proposal is or is reasonably likely to be inconsistent with the board’s fiduciary duties. Moreover, even if a party receives what the party’s board of directors determine is a superior proposal, the Merger Agreement does not permit either party to terminate the Merger Agreement to enter into a superior proposal.

Because the lack of a public market for Cend Capital Stock makes it difficult to evaluate the value of Cend of Capital Stock, the Cend Stockholders may receive shares of Caladrius Common Stock in the Merger that have a value that is less than, or greater than, the fair market value of Cend Capital Stock.

The outstanding Cend Capital Stock is privately held and is not traded in any public market. The lack of a public market makes it extremely difficult to determine the fair market value of Cend Capital Stock. Because the percentage of Caladrius equity to be issued to Cend Stockholders was determined based on negotiations between the parties, it is possible that the value of the Caladrius Common Stock to be received by Cend Stockholders will be less than the fair market value of Cend Capital Stock, or Caladrius may pay more than the aggregate fair market value of Cend Capital Stock.

If the conditions of the Merger are not met, the Merger will not occur.

Even if the Merger is approved by Caladrius Stockholders and Cend Stockholders, specified conditions must be satisfied or waived to complete the Merger. These conditions are set forth in the Merger Agreement and described in the section entitled “The Merger Agreement—Conditions to the Completion of the Merger” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. Caladrius and Cend cannot assure you that all of the conditions will be satisfied or waived. If the conditions are not satisfied or waived, the Merger will not occur or will be delayed, and Caladrius and Cend each may lose some or all of the intended benefits of the Merger.

The Merger may fail to qualify as a reorganization for U.S. federal income tax purposes, resulting in recognition of taxable gain or loss by Cend Stockholders in respect of their Cend Capital Stock.

Caladrius and Cend intend for the Merger to qualify as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, as described in the section entitled “The Merger—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. In the event that the Merger does not

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qualify as a reorganization, the Merger would result in taxable gain or loss for each Cend Stockholder, with the amount of such gain or loss determined by the amount that each Cend Stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in the Cend Capital Stock surrendered is less or more than the fair market value of the Caladrius Common Stock and any cash in lieu of a fractional share received in exchange therefor. Each holder of Cend Capital Stock is urged to consult with his, her or its own tax advisor with respect to the tax consequences of the Merger.

Risks Related to the Proposed Reverse Stock Split

The proposed Reverse Stock Split may not increase the combined organization’s stock price over the long-term.

The principal purpose of the proposed Reverse Stock Split is to increase the per-share market price of Caladrius Common Stock. It cannot be assured, however, that the proposed Reverse Stock Split will accomplish this objective for any meaningful period of time. While it is expected that the reduction in the number of outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock will proportionally increase the market price of Caladrius Common Stock, it cannot be assured that the proposed Reverse Stock Split will increase the market price of Caladrius Common Stock by a multiple of the proposed Reverse Stock Split ratio, or result in any permanent or sustained increase in the market price of Caladrius Common Stock, which is dependent upon many factors, including the combined organization’s business and financial performance, general market conditions and prospects for future success. Thus, while the stock price of the combined organization might meet the continued listing requirements for The Nasdaq Capital Market initially, it cannot be assured that it will continue to do so.

The proposed Reverse Stock Split may decrease the liquidity of the combined organization’s common stock.

Although the Caladrius Board of Directors believes that the anticipated increase in the market price of the combined organization’s common stock could encourage interest in its common stock and possibly promote greater liquidity for its stockholders, such liquidity could also be adversely affected by the reduced number of shares outstanding after the proposed Reverse Stock Split. The reduction in the number of outstanding shares may lead to reduced trading and a smaller number of market makers for Caladrius Common Stock.

The proposed Reverse Stock Split may lead to a decrease in the combined organization’s overall market capitalization.

Should the market price of the combined organization’s common stock decline after the proposed Reverse Stock Split, the percentage decline may be greater, due to the smaller number of shares outstanding, than it would have been prior to the proposed Reverse Stock Split. A reverse stock split may be viewed negatively by the market and, consequently, can lead to a decrease in the combined organization’s overall market capitalization. If the per share market price does not increase in proportion to the proposed Reverse Stock Split ratio, then the value of the combined organization, as measured by its stock capitalization, will be reduced. In some cases, the per-share stock price of companies that have effected reverse stock splits subsequently declined back to pre-reverse split levels, and accordingly, it cannot be assured that the total market value of Caladrius Common Stock will remain the same after the proposed Reverse Stock Split is effected, or that the proposed Reverse Stock Split will not have an adverse effect on the stock price of Caladrius Common Stock due to the reduced number of shares outstanding after the proposed Reverse Stock Split.

Risks Related to Caladrius

Risks Related to Caladrius’ Financial Condition and Capital Requirements

Caladrius has incurred substantial losses and negative cash flow from operations in the past and expect to continue to incur losses and negative cash flow for the foreseeable future.

Caladrius has a limited operating history, limited capital, and limited sources of revenue. Since Caladrius’ inception in 1980 through December 31, 2021, Caladrius has incurred aggregate net losses of approximately $453.0 million. Caladrius’ net losses from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders for the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were approximately $27.5 million and $8.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, Caladrius’ cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities were $95.0 million. Caladrius’ current business has not generated revenues in the past and for the foreseeable future it does not expect it to generate revenue to be sufficient to cover costs attributable to that business or to Caladrius’

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operations as a whole, including Caladrius’ development activities associated with our product candidates. Ultimately, Caladrius may never generate sufficient revenue from its business to reach profitability, generate positive cash flow or sustain, on an ongoing basis, its current or projected levels of product development and other operations.

Caladrius anticipates that it will need substantial additional financing to continue its operations; if it is unable to raise additional capital, it may be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate one or more of our product development programs, and its business will be harmed.

Caladrius’ current operating plan will require significant levels of additional capital to fund the continued development of its cell therapy product candidates and its clinical development activities.

Caladrius’ clinical activities are expected to continue to grow as its programs are advanced and they will require significant investment over a period of several years before they could potentially be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and commercialized by it or a partner, if ever. Even if data from Caladrius’ current clinical trials for its product candidates were deemed positive, it may be required to conduct additional clinical trials of the product candidates, including larger and more expensive pivotal Phase 3 trials, to pursue commercialization of the candidates. To do so, Caladrius will need to raise additional capital, enter into collaboration agreements with third parties or undertake any combination thereof. If Caladrius is unsuccessful in its efforts to raise capital or find collaborative partners, it will likely need to otherwise delay or abandon the trials.

The amount and timing of Caladrius’ future capital requirements also will likely depend on many other factors, including:

•	the scope, progress, results, costs, timing and outcomes of Caladrius’ cell therapy research and development programs and product candidates;

•	Caladrius’ ability to enter into any collaboration agreements with third parties for its product candidates and the timing and terms of any such agreements;

•	the costs associated with the consummation of one or more strategic transactions;

•	the timing of, and the costs involved in obtaining, regulatory approvals for our product candidates, a process which could be particularly lengthy, or complex given the FDA’s limited experience with marketing approval for cell therapy products;

•	the costs of maintaining, expanding and protecting Caladrius’ intellectual property portfolio, including potential litigation costs and liabilities relating thereto;

•	the cost of expansion of Caladrius’ development operations and personnel; and

•	the availability of, or Caladrius’ access to, state or federal government awards.

To both fund our clinical trials and support Caladrius’ future operations, it would likely seek to raise capital through a variety of different public and/or private financings vehicles. This could include, but not be limited to, utilization of Caladrius’ at-the-market (“ATM”) offering agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“HCW”) potential issuances of other debt or equity securities in public or private financings and/or sale or licensing of assets. If Caladrius raises capital through the sale of equity, or securities convertible into equity, it will result in dilution to our then-existing stockholders. Servicing the interest and principal repayment obligations under debt Caladrius incurs, or whether any such debt is called, would divert funds that might otherwise be available to support research and development, clinical or commercialization activities. In addition, debt financing involves covenants that restrict Caladrius’ ability to operate its business. In certain cases, Caladrius also may seek funding through collaborative arrangements that would likely require it to relinquish certain rights to its technology or product candidates and diminish its share in the future revenues associated with the partnered product.

Ultimately, Caladrius may be unable to raise capital or enter into collaborative relationships on terms that are acceptable to it, if at all. Caladrius’ inability to obtain necessary capital or financing to fund our future operating needs could adversely affect its business, results of operations and financial condition.

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Caladrius has never generated any revenue from product sales and its ability to generate revenue from product sales and become profitable depends significantly on its success in a number of factors.

Caladrius has no products approved for commercial sale, has not generated any revenue from product sales, and does not anticipate generating any revenue from product sales until sometime after it has received regulatory approval for the commercial sale of a product candidate, which may never occur. Caladrius’ ability to generate revenue from product sales and achieve profitability depends significantly on its success in many factors, including:

•	completing research regarding, and nonclinical and clinical development of, Caladrius’ current and future product candidates;

•	obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing authorizations for product candidates for which Caladrius completes clinical trials;

•	developing a sustainable and scalable manufacturing process for Caladrius’ product candidates;

•	identifying and contracting with contract manufacturers that have the ability and capacity to manufacture Caladrius’ development products and make them at an acceptable cost;

•	launching and commercializing product candidates for which Caladrius obtains regulatory approvals and marketing authorizations, either directly or with a collaborator or distributor;

•	obtaining market acceptance of Caladrius’ product candidates as viable treatment options;

•	ensuring ongoing regulatory compliance post-approval and with respect to sales and marketing of future products;

•	addressing any competing technological and market developments;

•	identifying, assessing, acquiring and/or developing new product candidates;

•	negotiating favorable terms in any collaboration, licensing, or other arrangements into which Caladrius may enter;

•	maintaining, protecting, and expanding Caladrius’ portfolio of intellectual property rights, including patents, trade secrets, and know-how; and

•	attracting, hiring, and retaining qualified personnel.

Even if one or more of the product candidates that Caladrius develops is approved for commercial sale, it anticipates incurring significant costs associated with commercializing any approved product candidate. Caladrius’ expenses could increase beyond expectations if we are required by the FDA, or other regulatory agencies, domestic or foreign, to change its manufacturing processes or assays, or to perform clinical, nonclinical, or other types of studies in addition to those that it currently anticipates. If Caladrius is successful in obtaining regulatory approvals to market one or more of its product candidates, its revenue will depend, in part, upon the size of the markets in the territories for which it obtains regulatory approval, the accepted price for the product, the ability to receive reimbursement at any price, and whether it owns the commercial rights for that territory. If the number of Caladrius’ addressable disease patients is not as significant as it estimates, the indication approved by regulatory authorities is narrower than it expects, or the reasonably accepted population for treatment is narrowed by competition, physician choice or treatment guidelines, it may not generate significant revenue from sales of such products, even if approved. If Caladrius is not able to generate revenue from the sale of any approved products, it may never become profitable.

If Caladrius’ status as a smaller reporting company changes, Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 may require an independent registered public accounting firm to report on the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting. Any delays or difficulty in satisfying these requirements could adversely affect Caladrius’ future results of operations and its stock price.

Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires an independent registered public accounting firm to test the internal control over financial reporting of public companies, and to report on the effectiveness of such controls, for each fiscal year ending after June 15, 2010. Under the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and

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Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd Frank Act”), Caladrius is exempt from Section 404(b) as long as it remains a smaller reporting company or a non-accelerated filer. If Caladrius’ status as a smaller reporting company changes, it may be required to comply with this auditor attestation requirement.

In addition, Caladrius may in the future discover areas of its internal controls that need improvement, particularly with respect to businesses that it may acquire. If so, we cannot be certain that any remedial measure Caladrius takes will ensure that it have adequate internal controls over its financial processes and reporting in the future. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation could harm Caladrius’ operating results or cause it to fail to meet its reporting obligations. If Caladrius is unable to conclude that it has effective internal controls over financial reporting, or if it becomes necessary for its independent registered public accounting firm to provide it with an unqualified report regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and it is unable to do so, investors could lose confidence in the reliability of its financial statements. This could result in a decrease in the value of Caladrius Common Stock.

Risks Related to Caladrius’ Cell Therapy Product Development Efforts

Caladrius’ future success may be dependent on the timely and successful continued development and commercialization of HONEDRA®, its experimental product candidate for CLI and Buerger’s Disease that has been in clinical development in Japan, XOWNA® or CLBS16 for CMD, and CLBS201 for DKD, and if Caladrius encounters delays or further difficulties in the development of these product candidates, its business prospects would be significantly harmed.

Caladrius is dependent upon the successful development, approval and commercialization of its product candidates. Before Caladrius is able to seek regulatory approval of its product candidates, it must conduct and complete extensive clinical trials to demonstrate their safety and efficacy in humans. Caladrius has never taken a product through the regulatory approval process or successfully to U.S. or international commercialization.

In early 2018, Caladrius treated the first patient in a clinical trial in Japan for HONEDRA® for use in CLI taking advantage of the paradigm of potential conditional approval for regenerative medicine products established by new regulations in Japan for products that show sufficient safety evidence and some evidence of efficacy. Because of difficulty enrolling the remaining patients in the trial and the costs of continued delays in such, Caladrius suspended enrollment of the trial at the end of 2021 and commenced talks with development partners as well as with Japan’s Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (“PMDA”) to consider paths forward. There can be no assurance that Caladrius will find a partner or that PMDA will consider the drug for approval without completing enrollment of the trial, such that HONEDRA® may be delayed indefinitely or never commercialized.

In late 2020 Caladrius began enrolling patients in the FREEDOM Trial using CD34+ cells to treat CMD (CLBS16). That trial also has been delayed significantly by COVID-19-related challenges to enrollment and supply chain issues. Additionally, Caladrius currently has an open investigational new drug application (“IND”) for CLBS201 in a pilot study examining the effectiveness of CD34+ cells to treat diabetic kidney disease.

Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, and can take many years to complete. Importantly, a failure of one or more of these or any other clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. Caladrius may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of clinical trials that could delay or prevent its ability to complete its clinical trials, receive regulatory approval or commercialize its cell therapy product candidates, including the following:

•	suspensions, delays or changes in the design, initiation, enrollment, implementation or completion of required clinical trials;

•	adverse changes in its financial position or significant and unexpected increases in the cost of its clinical development program;

•	changes or uncertainties in, or additions to, the regulatory approval process that require Caladrius to alter its current development strategy;

•	clinical trial results that are negative, inconclusive or even less than desired as to safety and/or efficacy, which could result in the need for additional clinical trials or the termination of the product’s development;

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•	delays in its ability to manufacture its product candidates in quantities or in a form that is suitable for any required clinical trials;

•	intellectual property constraints that prevent Caladrius from making, using, or commercializing any of its cell therapy product candidates;

•	the supply or quality of its product candidates or other materials or equipment necessary to conduct clinical trials of these product candidates may be no longer available for purchase, insufficient or inadequate;

•	inability to generate sufficient preclinical, toxicology, or other in vivo or in vitro data to support the initiation of clinical trials;

•

delays in reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract research organizations (“CROs”), contract manufacturing organizations (“CMOs”), and clinical trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs, CMOs and clinical trial sites;

•	delays in obtaining required institutional review board (“IRB”) approval at each clinical trial site;

•	inability to file INDs with the FDA for its development candidates or comparable clinical trial applications with other regulatory authorities outside of the United States;

•

imposition of a temporary or permanent clinical hold by the FDA or similar restrictions by other regulatory agencies for a number of reasons, including after review of an IND or amendment, or equivalent application or amendment; as a result of a new safety finding that presents unreasonable risk to clinical trial participants; a negative finding from an inspection of its clinical trial operations or clinical trial sites; developments on trials conducted by competitors or approved products post-market for related technology that raises FDA concerns about risk to patients of the technology broadly; or if the FDA finds that the investigational protocol or plan is clearly deficient to meet its stated objectives;

•	difficulty collaborating with patient groups and investigators;

•	failure by its CROs, CMOs other third parties, or Caladrius to adhere to clinical trial requirements;

•	failure to perform in accordance with the FDA or international good clinic practice (“GCP”) requirements;

•	failure to reach agreement with the FDA on a satisfactory development path of its development candidates;

•	delays in having patients qualify for or complete participation in a trial or return for post-treatment follow-up;

•	patients dropping out of a clinical trial;

•	occurrence of adverse events associated with the product candidate;

•	changes in the standard of care on which a clinical development plan was based, which may require new or additional trials or abandoning existing trials;

•	transfer of manufacturing processes from its academic collaborators to larger-scale facilities operated by either a contract manufacturing organization, or CMO, or by us, and delays or failure by its CMOs or Caladrius to make any necessary changes to such manufacturing process;

•	delays in manufacturing, testing, releasing, validating, or importing/exporting sufficient stable quantities of its product candidates for use in clinical trials or the inability to do any of the foregoing; and

•	the FDA may not accept clinical data from trials that are conducted in countries where the standard of care is potentially different from the United States.

Any inability to successfully complete nonclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to Caladrius or impair its ability to generate revenue. In addition, if Caladrius makes manufacturing or formulation changes to its product candidates, it may be required to, or it may elect to, conduct bridging studies to demonstrate the equivalence of its modified product candidates to earlier versions. Clinical trial delays could also

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shorten any periods during which its products have patent protection and may allow its competitors to bring products to market before it does, which could impair its ability to successfully commercialize its product candidates and may harm its business and results of operations.

Caladrius’ business has been and may continue to be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected Caladrius’ operations and may materially affect its business. In response to the pandemic, Caladrius has limited in-office operations, including implementing work from home and social distancing policies. Caladrius risks a delay, default and/or nonperformance under its existing agreements arising from force majeure.

In addition, COVID-19 has resulted in significant governmental measures being implemented to control the spread of the virus, including quarantines, travel restrictions, social distancing and business shutdowns. Caladrius has taken temporary precautionary measures intended to help minimize the risk of the virus to its employees, including temporarily allowing all employees to work remotely. These measures could negatively affect its business. For instance, temporarily requiring all employees to work remotely may induce absenteeism, disrupt its operations, or increase the risk of a cybersecurity incident. COVID-19 has also caused volatility in the global financial markets and threatened a slowdown in the global economy, which may negatively affect Caladrius’ ability to raise additional capital on attractive terms or at all.

Caladrius’ clinical trials have suffered and may continue to suffer from delays and lower than anticipated patient recruitment or enrollment. Caladrius’ clinical study of HONEDRA® in Japan has experienced significant delays in enrollment due to the States of Emergency in effect in Japan for most of 2020 and re-implemented from January 7, 2021 through March 21, 2021 covering Tokyo and other regions in response to an increased number of COVID-19 infections. Due to reported increases in COVID-19 cases and a low rate of vaccination in Japan, States of Emergency were renewed on April 25, 2021 through May 11, 2021 and then re-implemented in Tokyo from July 12, 2021 through September 30, 2021. With Caladrius’ expectation that COVID-19 in Japan would continue to impact negatively enrollment of patients in the HONEDRA® clinical trial, it elected to suspend trial enrollment, seek a development partner and consult with the Japanese regulatory authorities regarding the submission of patient data already accrued. In addition, Caladrius’ Phase 2b trial of XOWNA® in the United States has experienced delays in enrolling patients as a result of COVID-19. In May 2022, Caladrius suspended enrollment in the Phase 2b trial pending results from an interim analysis, and there can be no assurance that enrollment will be resumed or that if resumed, that it will be successful.

COVID-19 could continue to disrupt production and cause delays in the supply and delivery of products used in our clinical trials, may affect our operations, including the conduct of clinical studies, or the ability of regulatory bodies to grant approvals, may further divert the attention and efforts of the medical community to coping with COVID-19 and disrupt the marketplace in which we operate and may have a material adverse effects on our operations. The extent to which COVID-19 will continue to impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the duration of the pandemic, the severity of COVID-19 or new variants or the effectiveness of actions to contain and treat COVID-19 and its variants, particularly in the geographies where Caladrius or its third party suppliers, contract manufacturers, or contract research organizations operate. Caladrius cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions. If Caladrius or any of the third parties with whom it engages, however, were to experience shutdowns or other business disruptions, its ability to conduct its business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materially and negatively affected, which could have a material adverse impact on its business and its results of operations and financial condition.

Even if Caladrius is able to successfully complete its clinical development programs for its product candidates and receive regulatory approval to market one or more of the products, if the commercial opportunities are smaller than it anticipates, its future revenues may be adversely affected, and its business may suffer.

If the size of the commercial opportunities in any of Caladrius’ target indications is smaller than it anticipates, or if the FDA grants its candidates approval to treat only specific subpopulations or otherwise approves the products for more narrow indications for use than Caladrius is seeking, it may not be able to achieve profitability and growth.

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Even if Caladrius is able to successfully complete its clinical development program for its product candidates, and ultimately receive regulatory approval to market one or more of the products, it may, among other things:

•	obtain approval for indications that are not as broad as the indications it sought;

•	have the product removed from the market after obtaining marketing approval;

•	encounter problems with respect to the manufacturing of commercial supplies;

•	be subject to additional post-marketing testing requirements; and/or

•	be subject to restrictions on how the product is distributed or used.

Caladrius may experience delays in enrolling patients in its clinical trials, which could delay or prevent the receipt of necessary regulatory approvals.

Caladrius may not be able to initiate or complete as planned any clinical trials if it is unable to identify and enroll a sufficient number of eligible patients to participate in the clinical trials required by the FDA or other regulatory authorities. Caladrius also may be unable to engage a sufficient number of clinical trial sites to conduct its trials. Moreover, Caladrius’ ability to conduct trials outside of the United States may be constrained by its inability to transport trial materials to foreign destinations within the expiry period of such materials unless and until it commences operation outside of the United States or find another source of supply.

Caladrius may face continuing challenges in enrolling patients to participate in its clinical trials due to the novelty of its cell-based therapies, the size of the patient populations, the eligibility criteria for enrollment in the trial and COVID-19 impact. Due, in whole or in part, to delays in enrolling patients as a result of COVID-19, Caladrius has suspended trial enrollment for its clinical study of HONEDRA® in Japan and its Phase 2b trial of XOWNA® in the United States. Moreover, changes to enrollment criteria may be prohibited by regulating agencies, may have no impact on enrollment rates and may change or harm the outcome of the study. In addition, some patients may have concerns or negative perceptions regarding cell therapy that may affect their decision to enroll in the trials. Furthermore, patients suffering from diseases within target indications may enroll in competing clinical trials, which could negatively affect its ability to complete enrollment of its trials. Enrollment challenges in clinical trials often result in increased development costs for a product candidate, significant delays and potentially the abandonment of the clinical trial.

Outside of the unique aspects of conducting a clinical trial for a cell therapy candidate, patient enrollment in general is affected by many factors, including:

•	size of the target patient population;

•	severity of the disease or disorder under investigation;

•	eligibility criteria for the clinical trial in question;

•	other clinical trials being conducted at the same time involving patients who have the disease or disorder under investigation;

•	perceived risks and benefits of the product candidate under study;

•	approval and availability of other therapies to treat the disease or disorder that is being investigated in the clinical trial;

•	willingness or unwillingness to participate in a placebo controlled clinical trial;

•	efforts to facilitate timely enrollment in clinical trials;

•	patient referral practices of physicians;

•	the ability to monitor patients adequately during and after treatment; and

•	proximity and availability of clinical trial sites for prospective patients.

Caladrius’ inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients in any of its planned clinical trials would result in significant delays or may require it to abandon one or more clinical trials altogether.

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Caladrius may have other delays in completing its clinical trials and it may not complete them at all.

Caladrius has not completed the clinical trials necessary to obtain FDA approval to market HONEDRA®, XOWNA® or CLBS201 or any of its other product candidates in development. Caladrius’ operational team lacks significant experience in completing Phase 3 pivotal clinical trials and bringing a drug or biological product through commercialization. Clinical trials for products in development may be delayed or terminated as a result of many factors, including the following:

•	patients failing to complete clinical trials due to dissatisfaction with the treatment, side effects or other reasons;

•	failure by regulators, IRBs, or independent ethics committees to authorize Caladrius or its investigators at individual sites to commence a clinical trial;

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suspension or termination by regulators of clinical research for many reasons, including concerns about patient safety or failure of Caladrius’ contract manufacturers to comply with applicable current Good Manufacturing Practice (“cGMP”) or current Good Tissue Practice (“cGTP”) requirements for the clinical supplies of the cell therapy candidate;

•	delays or failure to obtain clinical supply for Caladrius’ product candidates necessary to conduct clinical trials from contract manufacturers, including commercial grade clinical supply for its trials;

•	Caladrius’ third-party contractors may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to Caladrius in a timely manner, or at all;

•	treatment candidates demonstrating a lack of efficacy during clinical trials;

•	inability to continue to fund clinical trials or to find a partner to fund the clinical trials;

•	competition with ongoing clinical trials and scheduling conflicts with participating clinicians; and

•	delays in completing data collection and analysis for clinical trials.

Any delay or failure to complete clinical trials and obtain FDA approval for Caladrius’ product candidates could have a material adverse effect on its cost to develop and commercialize, and its ability to generate revenue from, a particular product candidate.

Caladrius may be unable to manage multiple late stage clinical trials for a variety of product candidates simultaneously.

As Caladrius’ current clinical trials progress, it may need to manage multiple late stage clinical trials simultaneously in order to continue developing all of its current product candidates. Caladrius’ management team does not have significant experience in completing late stage clinical trials and the management of late stage clinical trials is more complex and time consuming than early stage trials. Typically, early stage trials involve several hundred patients in no more than 30 clinical sites. Late stage (Phase 3) trials may involve up to several thousand patients in up to several hundred clinical sites and may require facilities in several countries. Therefore, the project management required to supervise and control such an extensive program is substantially larger than early stage programs. As the need for these resources is not known until some months before the trials begin, it is necessary to recruit large numbers of experienced and talented individuals very quickly. If the labor market does not allow this team to be recruited quickly, the sponsor is faced with a decision to delay the program or to initiate it with inadequate management resources. This may result in recruitment of inappropriate patients, inadequate monitoring of clinical investigators and inappropriate handling of data or data analysis. Consequently, it is possible that conclusions of efficacy or safety may not be acceptable to permit submission of a Biological Licensing Application (“BLA”) for any one of the above reasons or a combination of several.

The development of Caladrius’ cell therapy product candidates is subject to uncertainty because autologous cell therapy is inherently variable.

When manufacturing an autologous cell therapy, the number and the composition of the cell population varies from patient to patient. Such variability in the number and composition of these cells could adversely affect its ability to manufacture autologous cell therapies in a cost-effective or profitable manner and meet acceptable product release specifications for use in a clinical trial or, if approved, for commercial sale. As a consequence,

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the development and regulatory approval process for autologous cell therapy products could be delayed or may never be completed. Caladrius’ product development costs will also increase if manufacturing processes and controls require unexpected investments, which could harm its business and results of operations.

Any disruption to Caladrius’ access to the reagents, devices, material or equipment it is using in the clinical development of its cell therapy product candidates could adversely affect its ability to perform clinical trials and seek future regulatory submissions.

Reagents, devices, materials and systems that Caladrius is using in its clinical trials, that it intends to use in its planned clinical trials and that it may need or use in commercial production, are provided by unaffiliated third parties. Any lack of continued availability of these reagents, devices, materials and systems for any reason would have a material adverse effect on its ability to complete these studies and could adversely impact its ability to achieve commercial manufacture of its planned therapeutic products. Although other available sources for these reagents, devices, materials and systems may exist in the marketplace, Caladrius has not evaluated its cost, effectiveness, or intellectual property foundation and therefore cannot guarantee the suitability or availability of such other potential sources.

The initiation of pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials for cell therapy product candidates requires the validation and establishment of manufacturing controls that may delay product development timelines.

To conduct pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials, Caladrius is required to have certain validated and established manufacturing controls with respect to the safety, purity and potency of its product candidates when administered to patients. If Caladrius determines that the results of any Phase 2 clinical trial it may conduct supports Phase 3 development, it expects to initiate and complete one or more pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials for such programs and would need to address any outstanding chemistry, manufacturing and control (“CMC”) issues raised by the FDA prior to initiating such trials. Caladrius may not be successful in its efforts to address any CMC issues raised by the FDA. If Caladrius cannot initiate, or if it is delayed in initiating, a pivotal Phase 3 clinical program as a result of its failure to satisfy the FDA’s CMC concerns or otherwise, the timing of regulatory submission for commercialization of its product candidates would be delayed, or it may be unable to seek regulatory approval to commercialize its products at all.

Product candidates that appear promising in research and development may be delayed or may fail to reach later stages of clinical development.

The successful development of pharmaceutical product candidates is highly uncertain. Product candidates that appear promising in research and development and early clinical trials may be delayed or fail to reach later stages of development. Decisions regarding the further development of product candidates must be made with limited and incomplete data, which makes it difficult to ensure or even accurately predict whether the allocation of limited resources and the expenditure of additional capital on specific product candidates will result in desired outcomes. Preclinical and clinical data can be interpreted in different ways, and negative or inconclusive results or adverse events during a clinical trial could delay, limit or prevent the development of a product candidate.

Clinical testing is expensive and can take many years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Failure can occur at any time during the clinical trial process. The results of preclinical studies and early clinical trials of its product candidates may not be predictive of the results of later-stage clinical trials. Exploratory trends and results observed in earlier stage clinical trials, particularly trends and results observed for small subsets that were not pre-specified, may not be replicated in later stage clinical trials. Product candidates in Phase 3 clinical trials may fail to demonstrate sufficient efficacy despite having progressed through initial clinical trials, even if certain exploratory subset analyses of primary or secondary endpoints in those early trials showed trends toward efficacy or, in some analyses, nominal statistical significance. The results of clinical trials in one set of patients or line of treatment may not be predictive of those obtained in another.

If serious or unacceptable side effects are identified during the development of any of Caladrius’ product candidates, it may need to abandon or limit its development of that product candidate.

All of Caladrius’ product candidates are in clinical development and their risk of failure is high. It is impossible to predict when or if any of Caladrius’ product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive marketing approval. If Caladrius’ product candidates are associated with undesirable side effects or have other unexpected, unacceptable characteristics, it may need to abandon its development or limit development to certain

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uses or subpopulations in which the undesirable side effects or other characteristics are less prevalent, less severe or more acceptable from a risk-benefit perspective. Many investigational products that initially showed promise in clinical or earlier stage testing have later been found to cause side effects or other safety issues that prevented further development. Even if Caladrius receives regulatory approval for a candidate with a known safety risk, such an approved product may not achieve market acceptance by physicians, patients, third-party payors or others in the medical community, which would materially and adversely affect its business.

A Fast Track designation by the FDA and other similar regulatory designations may not lead to a faster development, regulatory review or approval process.

Caladrius was granted SAKIGAKE designation in Japan and Advanced Therapeutic Medicinal Product (“ATMP”) designation in Europe for HONEDRA® for the treatment of CLI and Buerger’s Disease. However, SAKIGAKE and ATMP designations do not ensure that Caladrius will experience a faster development, regulatory review or approval process compared to conventional FDA or Japan’s PMDA procedures. Additionally, a regulatory authority may withdraw a designation if it believes that the designation is no longer supported by data from the clinical development program. Moreover, award of a particular designation does not imply a higher probability of success of a product in the approval process.

Caladrius’ clinical trials may fail to demonstrate adequately the safety and efficacy of its product candidates, which would prevent or delay regulatory approval and commercialization.

The clinical trials of Caladrius’ product candidates are, and the manufacturing and marketing of its products will be, subject to extensive and rigorous review and regulation by numerous government authorities in the United States and in other countries where it intends to test and market its product candidates. Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of any of its product candidates, Caladrius must demonstrate through lengthy, complex and expensive preclinical testing and clinical trials that its product candidates are both safe and effective for use in each target indication. In particular, because Caladrius’ cell therapy candidates are subject to regulation as biological drug products, it will need to demonstrate that they are safe, pure, and potent for use in their target indications. Each product candidate must demonstrate an adequate risk versus benefit profile in its intended patient population and for its intended use. The risk/benefit profile required for product licensure will vary depending on these factors and may include adequate duration of response, a delay in the progression of the disease, and/or an improvement in survival. For example, response rates from the use of its product candidates may not be sufficient to obtain regulatory approval unless Caladrius can also show an adequate duration of response.

Caladrius expects there may be greater variability in results for products processed and administered on a patient-by-patient basis, as anticipated for its product candidates, than for “off-the-shelf” products, like many other drugs. There is typically an extremely high rate of attrition from the failure of product candidates proceeding through clinical trials. Product candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy profile despite having progressed through preclinical studies and initial clinical trials. A number of companies in the biopharmaceutical industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or unacceptable safety issues, notwithstanding promising results in earlier trials. Most product candidates that begin clinical trials are never approved by regulatory authorities for commercialization.

Data from earlier studies conducted by the third-party research institutions should not be relied upon as evidence that later or larger-scale clinical trials will succeed. Some future trials may have different patient populations than current studies and will test Caladrius’ product candidates in different indications, among other differences. In addition, Caladrius’ proposed manufacturing processes for its product candidates include what it believes will be process improvements that are not part of the production processes that were previously used in the earlier conducted clinical trials being conducted by the research institutions. Accordingly, Caladrius’ results with its product candidates may not be consistent with the results of the clinical trials.

In addition, even if such trials are successfully completed, Caladrius cannot guarantee that the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities will interpret the results as do it, and more trials could be required before it submits its product candidates for approval. To the extent that the results of the trials are not satisfactory to the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities for support of a marketing application, Caladrius may be required to expend significant resources, which may not be available to it, to conduct additional trials in support of potential approval of its product candidates.

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Caladrius presently relies on contract manufacturing organizations to produce its product candidates at development and commercial scale quantities and has not yet qualified an alternate manufacturing supply, which could negatively impact its ability to meet any future demand for the products.

Caladrius currently relies on one contract manufacturer, Cognate Bioservices, a Charles River Company (“Cognate”), to provide the cell processing services necessary for clinical production for its various CD34+ cell therapy product candidates. To date, Cognate has not produced any products at commercial scale quantities and Caladrius expects that Cognate would need to significantly expand its manufacturing capabilities to meet potential commercial demand for XOWNA® and CLBS201 and any other of its product candidates, if approved, as well as any of its other product candidates that might attain regulatory approval. Such expansion would require additional regulatory approvals. Even if they increase their manufacturing capabilities, it is possible that they may still lack sufficient capacity to meet demand. At present Caladrius has no contract manufacturer for the production of HONEDRA® in Japan. Ultimately, if Caladrius is unable to supply its products to meet commercial demand, whether because of processing constraints or other disruptions, delays or difficulties that it experiences, sales of the products and their long-term commercial prospects could be significantly damaged.

Caladrius does not presently have redundant suppliers for any of its product candidates. If the facilities where Caladrius’ product candidates are being manufactured and/or the associated equipment were significantly damaged or destroyed, or if there were other disruptions, delays or difficulties affecting manufacturing capacity, its planned and future clinical trials and commercial production for these product candidates would likely be significantly disrupted and delayed. It would be both time consuming and expensive to replace this capacity with third parties, particularly since any new facility would need to comply with regulatory requirements.

Ultimately, if Caladrius is unable to supply its cell therapy product candidates to meet commercial demand, were commercial approval to be obtained, whether because of processing constraints or other disruptions, delays or difficulties that it experiences, its production costs could increase dramatically, and sales of the product and its long-term commercial prospects could be significantly damaged.

Also, as a result of the current geopolitical tensions and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine following the recent and ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine, the governments of the United States, the European Union, Japan and other jurisdictions have recently announced the imposition of sanctions on certain industry sectors and parties in Russia, as well as enhanced export controls on certain products and industries. These and any additional sanctions and export controls, as well as any counter responses by the governments of Russia or other jurisdictions, could adversely affect, directly or indirectly, the global supply chain, with negative implications on the availability and prices of raw materials, energy prices, and its customers, as well as the global financial markets and financial services industry.

The commercial potential and profitability of Caladrius’ product candidates are unknown and subject to significant risk and uncertainty.

Even if Caladrius successfully develops and obtains regulatory approval for its cell therapy product candidates, the market may not understand or accept the products, which could adversely affect both the timing and level of future sales. Ultimately, the degree of market acceptance of Caladrius’ product candidates (or any of its future product candidates) will depend on a number of factors, including:

•	the efficacy and potential advantages compared to alternative treatments or competitive products;

•	the prevalence and severity of any side effects;

•	physician acceptance of its cell therapy approach to its target disease indications, include the ease or difficulty of administering the future products;

•	restrictions on how the product is distributed or used;

•	the strength of its marketing and distribution support, including whether it receives support from any patient advocacy groups;

•	the adequacy of product supply in light of complex manufacturing and distribution processes;

•	our ability to distinguish its products (which involve adult cells) from any ethical and political controversies associated with stem cell products derived from human embryonic or fetal tissue; and

•	the cost of the product, the reimbursement policies of government and third-party payors and its ability to obtain sufficient third-party coverage or reimbursement.

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Even if Caladrius is successful in achieving sales of its product candidates, it is not clear to what extent, if any, the products will be profitable. The costs of goods associated with production of cell therapy products are significant. While Caladrius is working to improve the speed and efficiency and lower the cost of its manufacturing processes, there can be no assurance that Caladrius will be successful in these efforts. In addition, some changes in manufacturing processes or procedures generally require FDA or foreign regulatory authority review and approval prior to implementation. Thus, Caladrius may need to conduct additional nonclinical studies and clinical trials to support approval of any such changes. Furthermore, this review process could be costly and time-consuming and could delay or prevent the commercialization of product candidates. Even if a product is approved and has a medical benefit, it may not be widely adopted if insurers do not provide coverage or reimbursement.

Caladrius may enter into collaborations, strategic alliances, additional licensing arrangements, acquisitions, business combinations or other strategic transactions in the future, any of which could require it to issue securities that could significantly dilute the shares of its existing stockholders, and it may not realize the benefits of such alliances or licensing arrangements, acquisitions, business combinations or strategic transactions.

Caladrius may enter into collaborations, strategic alliances, additional licensing arrangements, acquisitions, business combinations or other strategic transactions with third parties that it believes are essential to product commercialization or will complement or augment its development and commercialization efforts with respect to its product candidates and any future product candidates that it may develop. Any of these relationships may require Caladrius to incur non-recurring and other charges, increase its near and long-term expenditures, issue securities that could significantly dilute the shares of its existing stockholders, or disrupt its management and business. In addition, Caladrius faces significant competition in seeking appropriate strategic partners and/or acquisition candidates and the negotiation process can be time-consuming and complex. Moreover, Caladrius may not be successful in its efforts to establish a strategic partnership or other alternative arrangements for its product candidates because they may be deemed to be at too early of a stage of development for collaborative effort and third parties may not view its product candidates as having the requisite potential to demonstrate safety and efficacy. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that Caladrius’ exploration of potential acquisitions, business combinations or strategic alternatives will result in Caladrius entering or completing any transaction or that such transaction, if completed, will add to shareholder value.

Further, collaborations involving its product candidates, such as its collaborations with third-party research institutions, are subject to numerous risks, which may include the following:

•	collaborators have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources that they will apply to a collaboration;

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collaborators may not pursue development and commercialization of its product candidates or may elect not to continue or renew development or commercialization programs based on clinical trial results, changes in their strategic focus due to the acquisition of competitive products, availability of funding, or other external factors, such as a business combination that diverts resources or creates competing priorities;

•	collaborators may delay clinical trials, provide insufficient funding for a clinical trial, stop a clinical trial, abandon a product candidate, repeat or conduct new clinical trials, or require a new formulation of a product candidate for clinical testing;

•	collaborators could independently develop, or develop with third parties, products that compete directly or indirectly with its products or product candidates;

•	a collaborator with marketing and distribution rights to one or more products may not commit sufficient resources to their marketing and distribution;

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collaborators may not properly maintain or defend its intellectual property rights or may use its intellectual property or proprietary information in a way that gives rise to actual or threatened litigation that could jeopardize or invalidate its intellectual property or proprietary information or expose Caladrius to potential liability;

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•	disputes may arise between Caladrius and a collaborator that cause the delay or termination of the research, development or commercialization of its product candidates, or that result in costly litigation or arbitration that diverts management attention and resources;

•	collaborations may be terminated and, if terminated, may result in a need for additional capital to pursue further development or commercialization of the applicable product candidates; and

•	collaborators may own or co-own intellectual property covering its products that results from its collaborating with them, and in such cases, Caladrius would not have the exclusive right to commercialize such intellectual property.

As a result, if Caladrius enters into collaboration agreements and strategic partnerships or license its products or businesses, it may not be able to realize the benefit of such transactions if Caladrius is unable to successfully integrate them with its existing operations and company culture, which could delay its timelines or otherwise adversely affect its business. Caladrius also cannot be certain that, following a strategic transaction or license, it will achieve the revenue or specific net income that justifies such transaction. Any delays in entering into new collaborations or strategic partnership agreements related to Caladrius’ product candidates could delay the development and commercialization of its product candidates in certain geographies for certain indications, which would harm its business prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

Caladrius has limited experience in the development and marketing of cell therapies and may be unsuccessful in its efforts to establish a profitable business.

Caladrius has limited experience in the areas of cell therapy product development and marketing, and in the related regulatory issues and processes. Although Caladrius has recruited a team that has experience with designing and conducting clinical trials, as a company it has limited experience in conducting clinical trials and no experience in conducting clinical trials through to regulatory approval of any product candidate. In part because of this lack of experience, Caladrius cannot be certain that ongoing or planned clinical trials will begin or be completed on time, if at all.

Caladrius’ cell therapy business is based on novel technologies that are inherently expensive, risky and may not be understood by or accepted in the marketplace, which could adversely affect its future value.

The clinical development, commercialization and marketing of cell and tissue-based therapies are at an early stage, substantially research-oriented and financially speculative. To date, very few companies have been successful in their efforts to develop and commercialize a cell therapy product. In general, cell-based or tissue-based products may be susceptible to various risks, including undesirable and unintended side effects, unintended immune system responses, inadequate therapeutic efficacy, or other characteristics that may prevent or limit their approval or commercial use. Regulatory approval of novel product candidates such as HONEDRA®, XOWNA® and CLBS201, which are each manufactured having novel and proprietary formulations, can be more complex and expensive and take longer than other, more well-known or extensively studied pharmaceutical or biopharmaceutical products, due to the FDA’s lack of experience with them. To Caladrius’ knowledge, the FDA has only approved five autologous cell therapy products to date.

This lack of experience may lengthen the regulatory review process, require Caladrius to conduct additional studies or clinical trials, which would increase its development costs, lead to changes in regulatory positions and interpretations, delay or prevent approval and commercialization of these product candidates or lead to significant post-approval limitations or restrictions. Furthermore, the number of people who may use cell or tissue-based therapies is difficult to forecast with accuracy. Caladrius’ future success is dependent on the establishment of a large global market for cell and tissue-based therapies and its ability to capture a share of this market with its product candidates.

If competitors develop and market products that are more effective, safer, or less expensive than Caladrius’ product candidates or offer other advantages, its commercial prospects will be limited.

Caladrius’ cell therapy development programs now face, and will continue to face, intense competition from pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, as well as numerous academic and research institutions and governmental agencies engaged in drug discovery activities or funding, both in the United States and abroad. Some of these competitors are pursuing the development of drugs and other therapies that target the same diseases and conditions that Caladrius is targeting with its product candidates.

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As a general matter, Caladrius also faces competition from many other companies that are researching and developing cell therapies. Many of these companies have financial and other resources substantially greater than ours. In addition, many of these competitors have significantly greater experience in testing pharmaceutical and other therapeutic products, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvals, and marketing and selling FDA-approved products in highly regulated commercial health care markets. If Caladrius ultimately obtains regulatory approval for any of its product candidates, it also will be competing with respect to manufacturing efficiency and marketing capabilities, areas in which it has limited or no commercial-scale experience. Mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries may result in resources being even more concentrated by its competitors. Competition may increase further as a result of advances made in the commercial applicability of Caladrius’ technologies and greater availability of capital for investment in these fields.

Caladrius’ cell therapy product candidates for which it intends to seek approval as biologic products may face competition sooner than anticipated.

The Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009, or BPCIA, created an abbreviated pathway for licensure of so-called biosimilar and interchangeable biological products, both of which have specific defined meanings under the law. The abbreviated regulatory pathway establishes legal authority for the FDA to review and approve biosimilar biologics, including the possible designation of a biosimilar as “interchangeable” based on its similarity to an existing reference product. Under the BPCIA, an application for a biosimilar product cannot be approved by the FDA until 12 years after the original reference product is approved for marketing in the United States a stand-alone BLA. The law is complex and is still being interpreted and implemented by the FDA. While it is uncertain when such processes intended to implement BPCIA may be fully adopted by the FDA, any such processes could have a material adverse effect on the future commercial prospects for Caladrius’ biological products.

There is a risk that the FDA will not consider any of Caladrius’ therapeutic candidates to be reference products for competing products, potentially creating the opportunity for generic competition sooner than anticipated. Additionally, this period of regulatory exclusivity does not apply to companies pursuing regulatory approval via their own traditional BLA, rather than via the abbreviated pathway. Moreover, the extent to which a biosimilar, once approved, will be substituted for any one of its reference products in a way that is similar to traditional generic substitution for non-biological products is not yet clear, and will depend on a number of marketplace and regulatory factors that are still developing, as well as unique state laws and government/private policies.

Caladrius may be subject to significant product liability claims and litigation, including potential exposure from the use of its product candidates in human subjects, and its insurance may be inadequate to cover claims that may arise.

Caladrius’ business exposes it to potential product liability risks inherent in the testing, processing and marketing of cell therapy products. Such liability claims may be expensive to defend and result in large judgments against us. Caladrius faces an inherent risk of product liability exposure related to the testing of its current and any future product candidates in human clinical trials and will face an even greater risk with respect to any commercial sales of its products should they be approved. None of Caladrius’ product candidates have been widely used over an extended period of time, and therefore relevant safety data are limited. Cell therapy companies also derive the raw materials for manufacturing of product candidates from human cell sources, and therefore the manufacturing process and handling requirements, including ensuring compliance with cGTPs, are extensive, which increases the risk of quality failures and subsequent product liability claims. Caladrius presently has product liability insurance limited to $10 million per incident and $10 million in annual aggregate.

Caladrius will need to increase its insurance coverage when it begins commercializing product candidates, if ever. At that time, Caladrius may not be able to obtain or maintain product liability insurance on acceptable terms with adequate coverage or at all, or if claims against it substantially exceed its coverage, then its financial position could be significantly impaired.

Whether or not Caladrius is ultimately successful in any product liability litigation that may arise, such litigation could consume substantial amounts of its financial and managerial resources, decrease demand for its products and injure its reputation.

Caladrius seeks to maintain errors and omissions, directors and officers, workers’ compensation and other insurance at levels it believes to be appropriate to its business activities. If, however, Caladrius were subject to a

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claim in excess of this coverage or to a claim not covered by its insurance and the claim succeeded, it would be required to pay the claim from its own limited resources, which could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations and business. Additionally, liability or alleged liability could harm Caladrius’ business by diverting the attention and resources of its management and damaging its reputation.

Caladrius may be unable to retain key officers or employees or hire new key officers or employees needed to implement its business strategy and develop its products and businesses.

Given the specialized nature of cell therapy and that it is a relatively new field, there is an inherent scarcity of experienced personnel in the field. Caladrius is substantially dependent on the skills and efforts of current senior management for their management and operations, as well as for the implementation of its business strategy. In addition, Caladrius’ future success depends upon its ability to attract and retain additional qualified personnel (including medical, scientific, technical, commercial, business and administrative personnel) necessary to support its anticipated growth, develop its business, perform its contractual obligations to third parties and maintain appropriate licensure. There can be no assurance that Caladrius will be successful in attracting or retaining personnel required by it to continue to grow its operations. The loss of a key employee, the failure of a key employee to perform in his or her current position or its inability to attract and/or retain skilled employees, as needed, could result in its inability to continue to grow its business or to implement its business strategy, or may have a material adverse effect on Caladrius’ business, financial condition and operating results.

Caladrius’ internal computer systems, or those used by its clinical investigators, clinical research organizations or other contractors or consultants, may fail or suffer security breaches, which could result in a material disruption of development programs for its product candidates.

Caladrius relies on information technology systems to keep financial records, maintain laboratory and corporate records, communicate with staff and external parties and operate other critical functions. Any significant insufficiency degradation or failure of these computer systems could cause Caladrius to inaccurately calculate or lose its data. Despite the implementation of security measures, these internal computer systems and those used by Caladrius’ clinical investigators, clinical research organizations, and other contractors and consultants are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war, and telecommunication and electrical failures. The techniques that could be used by criminal elements or foreign governments to attack these computer systems are sophisticated, change frequently and may originate from less regulated and remote areas of the world. Furthermore, there is an increased risk of cybersecurity attacks by state actors due to the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine. Recently, Russian ransomware gangs have threatened to increase hacking activity against critical infrastructure of any nation or organization that retaliates against Russia for its invasion of Ukraine. Any such increase in such attacks on Caladrius’ third-party provider or other systems could adversely affect its network systems or other operations. While Caladrius has not experienced any such system failure, theft of information, accident or security breach to date, if such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in its operations, it could result in a material disruption of its clinical development activities. For example, the loss of clinical trial data from historical or future clinical trials could result in delays in regulatory approval efforts and significantly increase costs to recover or reproduce the data. To the extent that any disruption, theft of information, or security breach were to result in a loss of or damage to data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, Caladrius could incur liability and the clinical development, and the future development of its product candidates could be delayed.

The increasing use of social media platforms presents new risks and challenges.

Social media is increasingly being used to communicate information about its product candidates and the diseases that Caladrius’ therapies are designed to treat. Social media practices in its industry continue to evolve and regulations related to such use are not always clear. This evolution creates uncertainty and risk of noncompliance with regulations applicable to its business. For example, patients and others may use social media channels to comment on the effectiveness of a product candidate or to report an alleged adverse event. When such disclosures occur, Caladrius may fail to monitor and comply with applicable adverse event reporting obligations or it may not be able to defend against political and market pressures generated by social media due to restrictions on what it may say about its product candidates. There is also a risk of inappropriate disclosure of sensitive information or negative or inaccurate comments about Caladrius on any social networking website. If any of these events were to occur or Caladrius otherwise fails to comply with applicable regulations, it could incur liability, face overly restrictive regulatory actions or incur other harm to its business.

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Risks Related to Manufacturing Caladrius’ Development Product Candidates

Caladrius has no internal capacity to manufacture its development product candidates and has no assurance that it will continue to have access to manufacturers in its industry that can effectively make its development products or make them at an affordable, salable or otherwise commercially reasonable price or quantity.

Contract development and manufacturing organizations have a finite cell manufacturing capacity, which could inhibit the long-term growth prospects of our business.

Caladrius currently has minimal manufacturing contracts to produce materials for its clinical trials in the United States. It is possible that the demand for Caladrius’ products could exceed existing manufacturing capacity. Caladrius expects that, as its own cell therapy development programs progress and demand for cell therapy services in the industry expand, it may become necessary or desirable for it to expand its manufacturing vendors for cell therapy services and products in the future, which may require it to invest significant amounts of capital and to obtain regulatory approvals. If manufacturers are unable to meet Caladrius’ rising demand for products and services on a timely basis or unable to maintain cGMP/cGTP compliance standards, then it is likely that the progress of its own programs will be impaired which could materially and adversely affect the overall success of its development programs.

Components of therapeutic products approved for commercial sale or used in late-stage clinical trials must be manufactured in accordance with cGMPs and manufacturers of cell-based product candidates must comply with cGTPs. In addition, manufacturers of therapeutic products may be required to modify their manufacturing processes from time to time in response to regulatory requests. The manufacture of live cellular-based products is complex and imposes significant regulatory burdens that may change over time. Caladrius may encounter difficulties in the production of its product candidates due to its limited manufacturing experience.

Caladrius will need to improve manufacturing efficiency at its contract manufacturers in order to establish cost of goods levels that will permit approved products to succeed commercially.

CMOs cannot provide assurances that they will be able to develop process enhancements that are acceptable to regulators or other comparable regulatory authorities, on a timely basis, on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or that any expected improvement in profitability will be realized. If they are unsuccessful in their efforts to develop necessary improvements, Caladrius may be unable to develop commercially viable products, which would impair its ability to continue its operations.

Lack of access to safe, reliable, and effective transportation options could adversely affect Caladrius’ ability to meet its needs.

To effectively and efficiently deliver its cell therapy product, Caladrius also needs to establish and maintain cost-effective relationships with reliable and experienced transportation carriers. Most existing transportation carriers are not optimally designed for the transportation of cell therapy products. For example, these carriers generally lack a true point-to-point chain of control, may have non-controlled X-ray and inspection, do not guarantee package orientation, handling or storage conditions and, in many cases, lack a standard, documented and tracked operating procedures. While reliable ground carriers with experience in the transport of blood products exist in major U.S. metropolitan areas, air carriers meeting such needs are limited. If carriers we currently use should cease medical shipping operations or otherwise become unable to properly meet our transportation needs or comply with applicable customs and import regulations, the lack of access to safe, reliable and effective transportation options could adversely affect our ability to meet our needs.

Risks Related to Government Regulation

The development and commercialization of Caladrius’ product candidates are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory agencies in the United States and abroad, and the failure to receive regulatory approvals for our cell therapy product candidates would likely have a material and adverse effect on its business and prospects.

Government authorities in the United States, at the federal, state and local level, and in other countries, extensively regulate, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, including any manufacturing changes, packaging, storage, recordkeeping, labeling, advertising and promotion, distribution, marketing, import and export of pharmaceutical and biological products, such as HONEDRA®, XOWNA® and

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CLBS201. The process of obtaining required regulatory approvals and the subsequent compliance with appropriate statutes and regulations requires the expenditure of substantial time and money, and there is no guarantee that Caladrius will successfully complete the steps needed to obtain regulatory approval of HONEDRA®, XOWNA® and CLBS201 or any future product candidates. There also are extensive and ongoing post-marketing compliance obligations to which Caladrius would be subject following FDA approval of any of our product candidates. In addition, these federal regulations may change, and Caladrius’ product candidates may be subject to new laws or regulations due to the rapid advancement of the regenerative medicine field and legislators’/regulators’ interest in it.

To date, Caladrius has not received regulatory approval to market any of its product candidates in any jurisdiction. If Caladrius seeks approval of any of its cell therapy product candidates, it will be required to submit to FDA, Japan’s PMDA, and potentially other regulatory authorities, extensive preclinical and clinical data supporting the safety and efficacy of such product candidates, as well as information about the manufacturing process and to undergo inspection of manufacturing facilities, among other things. The process of obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvals is expensive, typically takes many years and is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, particularly with complex and/or novel product candidates such as our cell-based product candidates. Changes in regulatory approval policies during the clinical research and development period, changes in or the enactment of additional statutes or regulations, or changes in regulatory review for each submitted product application, may cause delays in the approval or rejection of an application or may make it easier for Caladrius’ competitors to gain regulatory approval to enter the marketplace. Ultimately, the FDA and other regulatory agencies have substantial discretion in the approval/licensure process and may refuse to accept any application or may decide that our product candidate data are insufficient for approval without the submission of additional preclinical, clinical or other time-consuming studies. In addition, varying agency interpretations of the data obtained from preclinical and clinical testing could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval of a product candidate. Any regulatory approval we ultimately obtain may be limited or subject to restrictions or post-approval commitments that render the approved product not commercially viable.

Any of the following factors, among others, could cause regulatory approval for our product candidates to be delayed, limited or denied:

•	the product candidates require significant clinical testing to demonstrate safety and effectiveness before applications for marketing approval can be submitted to the FDA and other regulatory authorities;

•	data obtained from animal testing and other nonclinical testing and clinical trials can be interpreted in different ways, and regulatory authorities may not agree with our respective interpretations or may require Caladrius to conduct additional testing;

•	negative or inconclusive results or the occurrence of serious or unexpected adverse events during a clinical trial could cause Caladrius to delay and/or terminate development efforts for a product candidate; and/or

•	the FDA and other regulatory authorities may require expansion of the size and scope of the clinical trials.

Any difficulties or failures that we encounter in securing regulatory approval for our product candidates would likely have a substantial adverse impact on Caladrius’ ability to generate product sales and could make any search for a collaborative partner more difficult.

Caladrius may be unsuccessful in its efforts to comply with applicable federal, state and international laws and regulations, which could result in loss of licensure, certification or accreditation or other government enforcement actions or impact its ability to secure regulatory approval of its product candidates.

Although Caladrius seeks to conduct its business in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, these laws and regulations are exceedingly complex and often subject to varying interpretations. The cell therapy industry is the topic of significant government interest, and thus the laws and regulations applicable to Caladrius’ business are subject to frequent change and/or reinterpretation. As such, there can be no assurance that Caladrius will be able, or will have the resources, to maintain compliance with all applicable biopharmaceutical and health care laws and regulations. Failure to comply with such biopharmaceutical and health care laws and regulations could

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result in significant enforcement actions, civil or criminal penalties, which along with the costs associated with such compliance or with enforcement of such biopharmaceutical and health care laws and regulations, may have a material adverse effect on Caladrius’ operations or may require restructuring of its operations or impair its ability to operate profitably.

Facilities engaged in the recovery, processing, storage, labeling, packaging or distribution of any human cells, tissues or cellular- and tissue-based products, or the screening or testing of a donor, are required to register with the applicable regulatory agencies. Any third party retained by Caladrius to process its samples must be similarly registered with regulators and comply with applicable regulations as well as applicable cGTP regulations and any failure to comply with these requirements could adversely affect its business.

In addition to cGTPs, cGMP regulations govern the manufacture, processing, packaging and holding of cell therapy products that are regulated as drugs. Any third-party manufacturers that prepare Caladrius’ products must comply with cGMP requirements including quality control, quality assurance and the maintenance of records and documentation for certain products. They may be unable to comply with these cGMP requirements and with other national regulators and state and local regulatory requirements. These requirements may change over time and Caladrius or third-party manufacturers may be unable to comply with the revised requirements.

If Caladrius is unable to conduct clinical trials in accordance with regulations and accepted standards, it may be delayed in receiving, or may never receive, regulatory approvals of our product candidates from the FDA and other regulatory authorities.

To obtain marketing approvals for Caladrius’ product candidates in the United States and abroad, it must, among other requirements, complete adequate and well-controlled clinical trials sufficient to demonstrate to the FDA and other regulatory bodies that the product candidate is safe and effective for each indication for which approval is sought. If the FDA finds that patients enrolled in the trial are or would be exposed to an unreasonable and significant risk of illness or injury due to, among other things, occurrence of one or more serious adverse events in an ongoing clinical trial, the FDA can place one or more of Caladrius’ clinical trials on partial or full clinical hold. If safety concerns develop, we may, or the FDA, a foreign regulatory authority, or an IRB may require Caladrius to pause or stop the affected trials before completion.

The completion of Caladrius’ clinical trials also may be delayed or terminated for a number of other reasons, including if:

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third-party clinical investigators do not perform the clinical trials on the anticipated schedule or consistent with the clinical trial protocol, GCPs required by the FDA and other regulatory requirements, or other third parties do not perform data collection and analysis in a timely or accurate manner;

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inspections of clinical trial sites by the FDA or by IRBs of research institutions participating in the clinical trials, reveal regulatory violations that require the sponsor of the trial to undertake corrective action, suspend or terminate one or more sites, or prohibit use of some or all of the data in support of marketing applications; or

•	the FDA or one or more IRBs suspends or terminates the trial at an investigational site or precludes enrollment of additional subjects.

Caladrius’ development costs will increase if there are material delays in its clinical trials, or if it is required to modify, suspend, terminate, or repeat a clinical trial. If Caladrius is unable to conduct its clinical trials properly, it may never receive regulatory approval to market its product candidates.

Caladrius may be subject to numerous and varying privacy and security laws, and its failure to comply could result in penalties and reputational damage.

Caladrius is subject to laws and regulations covering data privacy and the protection of personal information including health information. The legislative and regulatory landscape for privacy and data protection continues to evolve, and there has been an increasing focus on privacy and data protection issues which may affect Caladrius’ business. In the United States, Caladrius may be subject to state security breach notification laws, state health information privacy laws and federal and state consumer protections laws which impose requirements for the collection, use, disclosure and transmission of personal information. Each of these laws are subject to varying interpretations by courts and government agencies, creating complex compliance issues for us. If Caladrius fails

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to comply with applicable laws and regulations we could be subject to penalties or sanctions, including criminal penalties if Caladrius knowingly obtains individually identifiable health information from a covered entity in a manner that is not authorized or permitted by the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 “HIPAA”) or for aiding and abetting the violation of HIPAA.

Numerous other countries have, or are developing, laws governing the collection, use and transmission of personal information as well. EU member states and other jurisdictions have adopted data protection laws and regulations, which impose significant compliance obligations. In May 2016, the European Union formally adopted the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which applies to all EU member states from May 25, 2018 and replaced the EU Data Protection Directive. The regulation introduces stringent new data protection requirements in the European Union and substantial fines for breaches of the data protection rules. It has increased Caladrius’ responsibility and liability in relation to personal data that we process and we may be required to put in place additional mechanisms ensuring compliance with the new EU data protection rules. The GDPR is a complex law and the regulatory guidance is still evolving, including with respect to how the GDPR should be applied in the context of clinical studies. Furthermore, many of the countries within the European Union are still in the process of drafting supplementary data protection legislation in key fields where the GDPR allows for national variation, including the fields of clinical study and other health-related information. These variations in the law may raise Caladrius’ costs of compliance and result in greater legal risks.

Caladrius will continue to be subject to extensive regulation following any product approvals, and if it fails to comply with these regulations, it may suffer a significant setback in its business.

Even if Caladrius is successful in obtaining regulatory approval of our product candidates, it will continue to be subject to the requirements of and review by, the FDA and comparable regulatory authorities in the areas of manufacturing processes, quality assurance, post-approval clinical data, adverse event reporting, labeling, advertising and promotional activities, among other things. In addition, any marketing approval Caladrius receives may be limited in terms of the approved product indication or require costly post-marketing testing and surveillance. Discovery after approval of previously unknown problems with a product, manufacturer or manufacturing process, or a failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in actions such as:

•	warning letters or untitled letters or other actions requiring changes in product manufacturing processes or restrictions on product marketing or distribution;

•	product recalls or seizures or the temporary or permanent withdrawal of a product from the market; and

•	fines, restitution, or disgorgement of profits or revenue, the imposition of civil penalties or criminal prosecution.

The occurrence of any of these actions would likely cause a material adverse effect on Caladrius’ business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, if Caladrius or others identify undesirable side effects, or other previously unknown problems, caused by Caladrius’ product candidates after obtaining U.S. or foreign regulatory approval or other products with the same or related active ingredients, a number of potential consequences could result, including:

•	regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the product;

•	regulatory authorities may require a recall of the product or Caladrius may voluntarily recall a product;

•	regulatory authorities may require the addition of warnings or contradictions in the product labeling, narrowing of the indication in the product label or issuance of field alerts to physicians and pharmacies;

•	Caladrius may be required to create a medication guide outlining the risks of such side effects for distribution to patients or institute a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (“REMS”);

•	Caladrius may be subject to limitation as to how we promote the product;

•	Caladrius may be required to change the way the product is administered or modify the product in some other way;

•	the FDA or applicable foreign regulatory authority may require additional clinical trials or costly post-marketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product;

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•	sales of the product may decrease significantly;

•	Caladrius could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients; and

•	Caladrius brand and reputation may suffer.

Health care companies have been the subject of federal and state investigations, and Caladrius could become subject to investigations in the future.

Both federal and state government agencies have heightened civil and criminal enforcement efforts. There are numerous ongoing investigations of health care companies, including drug, biologic and medical device companies, as well as their executives and managers. In addition, amendments to the Federal False Claims Act, including under health care reform, have made it easier for private parties to bring “qui tam” (whistleblower) lawsuits against companies under which the whistleblower may be entitled to receive a percentage of any money paid to the government. The Federal False Claims Act provides, in part, that an action can be brought against any person or entity that has knowingly presented, or caused to be presented, a false or fraudulent request for payment from the federal government, or who has made a false statement or used a false record to get a claim approved. The government has taken the position that claims presented in violation of the federal anti-kickback law, Stark Law or other health care-related laws, including laws enforced by the FDA, may be considered a violation of the Federal False Claims Act. Penalties include substantial fines for each false claim, plus three times the amount of damages that the federal government sustained because of the act of that person or entity and/or exclusion from the Medicare program. In addition, a majority of states have adopted similar state whistleblower and false claims provisions.

Caladrius is not aware of any government investigations involving any of its facilities or management. While Caladrius believes that it is in material compliance with applicable governmental health care laws and regulations, any future investigations of our business or executives could cause it to incur substantial costs, and result in significant liabilities or penalties, as well as damage to its reputation.

It is uncertain to what extent government, private health insurers and third-party payors will approve coverage or provide reimbursement for the therapies and products to which Caladrius’ research and development relate. Availability for such reimbursement may be further limited by an increasing uninsured population and reductions in Medicare and Medicaid funding in the United States.

To the extent that health care providers cannot obtain coverage or reimbursement for our therapies and products, they may elect not to provide such therapies and products to their patients and, thus, may not need our services. Further, as cost containment pressures are increasing in the health care industry, government and private payors may adopt strategies designed to limit the amount of reimbursement paid to health care providers.

Similarly, the trend toward managed health care and bundled pricing for health care services in the United States, could significantly influence the purchase of health care services and products, resulting in lower prices and reduced demand for our therapeutic products under development.

Caladrius may receive a portion of its revenues from services rendered to patients enrolled in federal health care programs, such as Medicare, and it may also directly or indirectly receive revenues from federal health care programs. Federal health care programs are subject to changes in coverage and reimbursement rules and procedures, including retroactive rate adjustments. These contingencies could materially decrease the range of services covered by such programs or the reimbursement rates paid directly or indirectly for our products and services. To the extent that any health care reform favors the reimbursement of other therapies over our therapeutic products under development, such reform could affect our ability to sell our services, which may have a material adverse effect on our revenues.

The limitation on reimbursement available from private and government payors may reduce the demand for, or the price of, our services, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenues. Additional legislation or regulation relating to the health care industry or third-party coverage and reimbursement may be enacted in the future which could adversely affect the revenues generated from the sale of Caladrius’ products and services.

Furthermore, there has been a trend in recent years towards reductions in overall funding for Medicare and Medicaid. There has also been an increase in the number of people who do not have any form of health care coverage in recent years and who are not eligible for or enrolled in Medicare, Medicaid or other governmental

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programs. The extent to which the reforms brought about under health care reform may be successful in reducing the number of such uninsured is unclear, and the reduced funding of governmental programs and increase in uninsured populations could have a negative impact on the demand for Caladrius’ services to the extent they relate to products and services which are reimbursed by government and private payors.

Unintended consequences of health care reform legislation in the United States may adversely affect Caladrius’ business.

The health care industry is undergoing fundamental changes resulting from political, economic and regulatory influences. In the United States, comprehensive programs are under consideration that seek to, among other things, increase access to health care for the uninsured and control the escalation of health care expenditures within the economy. In March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“PPACA”), as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or the Affordable Care Act, was passed, which substantially changes the way health care is financed by both governmental and private insurers, and significantly impacts the U.S. pharmaceutical industry. While Caladrius does not believe this legislation will have a direct impact on its business, the legislation requires the adoption of implementing regulations, which may have unintended consequences or indirectly impact its business. For instance, the scope and implications of the amendments pursuant to the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009, have yet to be fully determined or adjudicated and as a result it is difficult to predict how future enforcement initiatives may impact Caladrius’ business. Also, in some instances our clients may be health insurers that will be subject to limitations on their administrative expenses and federal review of “unreasonable” rate increases that could impact the prices they pay for Caladrius’ services. If the legislation causes such unintended consequences or indirect impact, it could have a material adverse effect on Caladrius’ business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the PPACA was enacted. On August 2, 2011, the Budget Control Act of 2011 was signed into law, which, among other things, creates the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction to recommend proposals in spending reductions to Congress. The Joint Select Committee did not achieve a targeted deficit reduction of at least $1.2 trillion for the years 2013 through 2021, triggering the legislation’s automatic reduction to several government programs. This included aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year, which went into effect on April 1, 2013. On January 2, 2013, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 was signed into law, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitals, and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Strong, partisan disagreement in Congress has prevented implementation of various PPACA provisions, and the Trump Administration had made the repeal of the PPACA a priority. One of the first executive orders of the Trump administration granted federal agencies broad powers to unwind regulations under the PPACA. On January 11, 2017, the Senate voted to approve a “budget blueprint” allowing Republicans to repeal parts of the law while avoiding Democrat filibuster. The “Obamacare Repeal Resolution” passed 51-48. Certain legislators are continuing their efforts to repeal the PPACA, although there is little clarity on how such a repeal would be implemented and what a PPACA replacement might look like. For the immediate future, there is significant uncertainty regarding the health care, health care coverage and health care insurance markets.

The U.S. government has in the past considered, is currently considering and may in the future consider health care policies and proposals intended to curb rising health care costs, including those that could significantly affect both private and public reimbursement for health care services. State and local governments, as well as a number of foreign governments, are also considering or have adopted similar types of policies. Future significant changes in the health care systems in the United States or elsewhere, and current uncertainty about whether and how changes may be implemented, could have a negative impact on the demand for our products. Caladrius is unable to predict whether other health care policies, including policies stemming from legislation or regulations affecting its business, may be proposed or enacted in the future; what effect such policies would have on its business; or the effect ongoing uncertainty about these matters will have on the purchasing decisions of its customers.

Caladrius expects that additional state and federal health care reform measures will be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts that federal and state governments will pay for health care products and services, which could result in reduced demand for its products or additional pricing pressures.

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Governments outside the United States tend to impose strict price controls, which may adversely affect Caladrius’ revenues, if any.

In some countries, particularly the member states of the European Union, the pricing of prescription pharmaceuticals is subject to governmental control. In these countries, pricing negotiations with governmental authorities can take considerable time after the receipt of marketing approval for a product. In addition, there can be considerable pressure by governments and other stakeholders on prices and reimbursement levels, including as part of cost containment measures. Political, economic and regulatory developments may further complicate pricing negotiations, and pricing negotiations may continue after reimbursement has been obtained. Reference pricing used by various EU member states and parallel distribution, or arbitrage between low-priced and high-priced member states, can further reduce prices. In some countries where we may seek to market our product candidates in the future, we may be required to conduct a clinical trial or other studies that compare the cost-effectiveness of our product candidate to other available therapies in order to obtain or maintain reimbursement or pricing approval. Publication of discounts by third-party payors or authorities may lead to further pressure on prices or reimbursement levels within the country of publication and other countries. If reimbursement of our products is unavailable or limited in scope or amount, or if pricing is set at unsatisfactory levels, Caladrius’ business could be adversely affected.

Inadequate funding for the FDA, the SEC and other government agencies could hinder Caladrius’ ability to hire and retain key leadership and other personnel, prevent new products and services from being developed or commercialized in a timely manner or otherwise prevent those agencies from performing normal business functions on which the operation of Caladrius’ business may rely, which could negatively impact its business.

The ability of the FDA to review and approve new products can be affected by a variety of factors, including government budget and funding levels, ability to hire and retain key personnel and accept the payment of user fees, and statutory, regulatory, and policy changes. Average review times at the agency have fluctuated in recent years as a result. In addition, government funding of the SEC and other government agencies on which our operations may rely, including those that fund research and development activities is subject to the political process, which is inherently fluid and unpredictable.

Disruptions at the FDA and other agencies may also slow the time necessary for new drugs to be reviewed and/or approved by necessary government agencies, which would adversely affect our business. For example, over the last several years, including beginning on December 22, 2018, the U.S. government has shut down several times and certain regulatory agencies, such as the FDA and the SEC, have had to furlough critical FDA, SEC and other government employees and stop critical activities. If a prolonged government shutdown occurs, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA to timely review and process our regulatory submissions, which could have a material adverse effect on Caladrius’ business.

Competitor companies or hospitals may be able to take advantage of EU rules permitting sales of unlicensed medicines for individual patients to sell competing products without a marketing authorization.

The EU medicines rules allow individual member states to permit the supply of a medicinal product without a marketing authorization to fulfill special needs, where the product is supplied in response to a bona fide unsolicited order, formulated in accordance with the specifications of a health care professional and for use by an individual patient under his direct personal responsibility. This may in certain countries also apply to products manufactured in a country outside the EU and imported to treat specific patients or small groups of patients. In addition, designated advanced therapy medicinal products do not need a marketing authorization if they are prepared on a non-routine basis and are used within the same EU member state in a hospital in accordance with a medical prescription for an individual patient.

These exemptions could allow Caladrius’ competitors to make sales in the EU without having obtained a marketing authorization and without undergoing the expense of clinical trials, especially if those competitors have cell processing facilities in the relevant EU member state. Similarly, certain hospitals may be able to compete with Caladrius on the basis of these rules. Because any such sales would be made without a marketing authorization, there would be no need for the competitor company or hospital to refer to the clinical data in our marketing authorization dossiers, and so any data exclusivity protection that we may obtain for Caladrius’ products would not prevent such competing sales.

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A variety of risks associated with operating Caladrius’ business internationally could materially adversely affect its business.

Caladrius plans to seek regulatory approval of our product candidates outside of the United States and, accordingly, we expect that we, and any potential collaborators in those jurisdictions, will be subject to additional risks related to operating in foreign countries, including:

•	differing regulatory requirements in foreign countries;

•	differing coverage and reimbursement requirements in foreign countries;

•	unexpected changes in tariffs, trade barriers, price and exchange controls, and other regulatory requirements;

•	economic weakness, including inflation, or political instability in particular foreign economies and markets;

•	compliance with tax, employment, immigration, and labor laws for employees living or traveling abroad;

•	foreign taxes, including withholding of payroll taxes;

•	foreign currency fluctuations, which could result in increased operating expenses and reduced revenue, and other obligations incident to doing business in another country;

•	difficulties staffing and managing foreign operations;

•	workforce uncertainty in countries where labor unrest is more common than in the United States;

•	potential liability under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 or comparable foreign laws, such as the U.K. Anti-Bribery Act;

•	challenges enforcing our contractual and intellectual property rights, especially in those foreign countries that do not respect and protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the United States;

•	the continued threat of terrorism and the impact of military and other action, including military actions involving Russia and Ukraine;

•	production shortages resulting from any events affecting raw material supply or manufacturing capabilities abroad, including as a result of COVID-19 or the recent military actions involving Russia and Ukraine; and

•	business interruptions resulting from geo-political actions, including war and terrorism.

These and other risks associated with Caladrius’ planned international operations may materially adversely affect our ability to attain or maintain profitable operations.

Risks Related to Caladrius’ Intellectual Property

Caladrius may be unable to obtain or maintain patent protection for its products and product candidates, which could have a material adverse effect on its business.

Caladrius’ commercial success will depend, in part, on obtaining and maintaining patent protection for new technologies, product candidates, products and processes and successfully defending such patents against third-party challenges. To that end, Caladrius files patent applications, and have been issued patents, that are intended to cover certain methods and uses of human cells as well as compositions and methods relating to hematopoietic stem cells. These patent applications may never result in the issuance of patents.

The patent positions of biotechnology companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal, scientific and factual questions and recent court decisions have introduced significant uncertainty regarding the strength of patents in the industry. Moreover, the legal systems of some foreign countries do not favor the aggressive enforcement of patents and may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. Any of the issued patents Caladrius owns or licenses may be challenged by third parties and held to be invalid, unenforceable or with a narrower or different scope of coverage than what we currently believe, effectively reducing or eliminating protection Caladrius believed it had against competitors with similar products

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or technologies. If Caladrius ultimately engages in and loses any such patent disputes, it could be subject to competition and/or significant liabilities, it could be required to enter into third-party licenses or it could be required to cease using the disputed technology or product. In addition, even if such licenses are available, the terms of any license requested by a third party could be unacceptable or unaffordable to Caladrius.

Product development and approval timelines in the biotechnology industry are very lengthy. As such, it is possible that any patents that may cover an approved product may have expired at the time of commercialization or only have a short remaining period of exclusivity, thereby reducing the commercial advantages of the patent. In such case, Caladrius would then rely solely on other forms of exclusivity, such as regulatory exclusivity provided by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (“FD&C Act”), which may provide less protection to its competitive position.

Litigation relating to intellectual property is expensive, time-consuming and uncertain, and Caladrius may be unsuccessful in its efforts to protect against infringement by third parties or defend itself against claims of infringement.

To protect its intellectual property, Caladrius may initiate litigation or other proceedings. In general, intellectual property litigation is costly, time-consuming, diverts the attention of management and technical personnel and could result in substantial uncertainty regarding our future viability, even if Caladrius ultimately prevails. Some of Caladrius’ competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation or other proceedings more effectively than can Caladrius because of their substantially greater financial resources. The loss or narrowing of our intellectual property protection, the inability to secure or enforce our intellectual property rights or a finding that Caladrius has infringed the intellectual property rights of a third party could limit Caladrius’ ability to develop or market its products and services in the future or adversely affect its revenues. Furthermore, any public announcements related to such litigation or regulatory proceedings could adversely affect the price of Caladrius Common Stock.

Third parties may allege that the research, development and commercialization activities Caladrius conducts infringe patents or other proprietary rights owned by such parties. While Caladrius does not believe any of its current activities infringe the rights of others, it has not conducted an exhaustive search or analysis of third-party patent rights to determine whether its pre-clinical or clinical research and development or activities may infringe or be alleged to infringe any third-party patent rights. If Caladrius is found to have infringed the patents of a third party, it may be required to pay substantial damages; it also may be required to seek from such party a license, which may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, to continue its activities. A judicial finding or infringement or the failure to obtain necessary licenses could prevent Caladrius from commercializing its products, which would have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results and financial condition.

If Caladrius is unable to maintain its licenses, patents or other intellectual property, it could lose important protections that are material to continuing its operations and its future prospects.

To obtain and maintain patent protection and licensing rights under certain of our license agreement, Caladrius must, among other things, ensure the timely payment of all applicable filing and maintenance fees. Any failure to do so could result in the loss of some or all of Caladrius’ rights to proprietary technology or the inability to secure or enforce intellectual property protection.

Additionally, Caladrius’ license agreements require it to meet certain diligence obligations in the development of the licensed products. Caladrius’ failure to meet these diligence obligations could result in the loss of some or all of its rights, which could materially and adversely affect its business and future prospects.

If Caladrius is unable to protect the confidentiality of trade secrets, its competitive position could be impaired.

A significant amount of Caladrius’ technology, especially regarding manufacturing processes, is unpatented and is maintained as trade secrets and/or know-how. Caladrius expends significant energy, resources and know-how in an effort to protect these trade secrets and know-how, including through the use of confidentiality agreements. Even so, improper use or disclosure of Caladrius’ confidential information could occur, and in such case, adequate remedies may not exist. The disclosure of trade secrets and know-how could impair Caladrius’ competitive position.

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In certain countries, patent holders may be required to grant compulsory licenses, which would likely have a significant and detrimental effect on any future revenues in such country.

Many countries, including some countries in Europe, have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses to third parties. In addition, most countries limit the enforceability of patents against government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, the patent owner may be limited to monetary relief and may be unable to enjoin infringement, which could materially diminish the value of the patent. Compulsory licensing of life-saving products is also becoming increasingly common in developing countries, either through direct legislation or international initiatives. Such compulsory licenses could be extended to Caladrius’ product candidates, which may limit its potential revenue opportunities, including with respect to any future revenues that may result from its product candidates.

Changes to U.S. patent law may have a material adverse effect on Caladrius’ intellectual property rights.

As is the case with other biopharmaceutical companies, Caladrius’ success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly patents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the biopharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity and is therefore costly, time consuming and inherently uncertain. Changes in either the patent laws or interpretation of the patent laws in the United States could increase the uncertainties and costs, and may diminish Caladrius’ ability to protect its inventions, obtain, maintain, and enforce its intellectual property rights and, more generally, could affect the value of its intellectual property or narrow the scope of our owned and any licensed patents. Patent reform legislation in the United States and other countries, including the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (the Leahy-Smith Act), signed into law on September 16, 2011, could increase those uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of Caladrius’ patent applications and the enforcement or defense of its issued patents. In addition, the patent positions of companies in the development and commercialization of pharmaceuticals are particularly uncertain. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled on several patent cases in recent years, either narrowing the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakening the rights of patent owners in certain situations. Depending on future actions by the U.S. Congress, the U.S. courts, the U.S. Patent and Trade Office (the “USPTO”) and the relevant law-making bodies in other countries, the laws and regulations governing patents could change in unpredictable ways that would weaken Caladrius’ ability to obtain new patents or to enforce Caladrius’ existing patents and patents that it might obtain in the future.

Third-party claims of intellectual property infringement may prevent or delay Caladrius’ development and commercialization efforts.

Caladrius’ commercial success depends in part on its avoiding infringement of the patents, trademarks and proprietary rights of third parties. There have been many lawsuits and other proceedings involving patent and other intellectual property rights in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, including patent infringement lawsuits, interferences, oppositions, and reexamination proceedings before the USPTO and corresponding foreign patent offices and trademark violations. Numerous U.S. and foreign issued patents and pending patent applications, which are owned by third parties, exist in the fields in which we are developing products and services. As the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries expand and more patents are issued, the risk increases that Caladrius’ products and services may be subject to claims of infringement of the patent rights of third parties.

Third parties may assert that we are employing their proprietary technology without authorization. There may be third-party patents or patent applications with claims to devices, materials, formulations, methods of manufacture, or methods for treatment related to the use or manufacture of Caladrius’ products and services. Caladrius has conducted freedom to operate analyses with respect to only certain of its products and services, and therefore it does not know whether there are any third-party patents that would impair its ability to commercialize these products and services. Caladrius also cannot guarantee that any of its analyses are complete and thorough, nor can it be sure that it has identified each and every patent and pending application in the United States and abroad that is relevant or necessary to the commercialization of our products and services. Because patent applications can take many years to issue, there may be currently pending patent applications that may later result in issued patents that Caladrius’ products or services may infringe upon.

In addition, third parties may obtain patents in the future and claim that use of Caladrius’ technologies infringes upon these patents. If any third-party patents were held by a court of competent jurisdiction to cover aspects of

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Caladrius’ products or services, the holders of any such patents may be able to block our ability to commercialize such products or services unless Caladrius obtained a license under the applicable patents, or until such patents expire or are finally determined to be invalid or unenforceable. Such a license may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

Parties making claims against Caladrius may obtain injunctive or other equitable relief, which could effectively block Caladrius’ ability to further develop and commercialize one or more of our products or services. Defense of these claims, regardless of their merit, would involve substantial litigation expense and would be a substantial diversion of employee resources from Caladrius’ business. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against Caladrius, Caladrius may have to pay substantial damages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees for willful infringement, pay royalties, redesign our infringing products or obtain one or more licenses from third parties, which may be impossible or require substantial time and monetary expenditure.

Risks Related to Caladrius’ Capital Stock

Caladrius’ stock price has been, and will likely continue to be, highly volatile.

The market price of Caladrius Common Stock has been, and in the future may continue to be, highly volatile. For example, from January 1, 2021 through June 13, 2022, Caladrius Common Stock traded as low as $0.40 per share and as high as $4.89 per share.

The market price for Caladrius Common Stock is highly dependent on, among other things, stock market conditions in general, Caladrius’ clinical development efforts and the growth of Caladrius’ business in general, the amount of Caladrius’ available cash and investments and Caladrius’ level of cash utilization. Future events could increase the volatility seen in Caladrius Common Stock and ultimately cause a significant decline in the price of Caladrius Common Stock and ultimately impact its ability to raise additional capital in the future. These events could include the following, among others:

•	low levels of trading volume for Caladrius’ shares;

•	capital-raising or other transactions that are, or may in the future be, dilutive to existing stockholders or that involve the issuance of debt securities;

•	delays in our clinical trials, negative clinical trial results or adverse regulatory decisions relating to Caladrius’ product candidates;

•	adverse fluctuations in Caladrius’ revenues or operating results or financial results that otherwise fall below the market’s expectations;

•	disappointing developments concerning Caladrius’ cell therapy product candidates;

•	positive developments concerning Caladrius’ cell therapy product candidates that lead to the need for additional capital to complete the development process; and

•	legal challenges, disputes and/or other adverse developments impacting Caladrius’ patents or other proprietary rights that protect its products.

In addition, broader external events, such as news concerning economic or market conditions in the general economy or within Caladrius’ industry, the activities of our competitors, changes (or the threat of changes) in U.S. or foreign government regulations impacting the life sciences industry or the movement of capital into or out of our industry, are likely to affect the price of Caladrius Common Stock. Geopolitical events, including the continued threat of terrorism and the impact of military and other action, including military actions involving Russia and Ukraine, could impact Caladrius’ stock price as well. There can be no assurance that the market price of Caladrius Common Stock will not continue to fluctuate or decline significantly in the future.

Caladrius may fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market, such that the Caladrius Common Stock may be delisted and the price of the Caladrius Common Stock and our ability to access the capital markets could be negatively impacted.

Caladrius Common Stock is listed for trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market. Caladrius must satisfy Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements, including, among other things, a minimum closing bid price requirement of $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”). If a company trades

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for 30 consecutive business days below the $1.00 minimum closing bid price requirement, Nasdaq will send a deficiency notice to the company advising that it has been afforded a “compliance period” of 180 calendar days to regain compliance with the applicable requirements. Caladrius received such notice on February 18, 2022 and thus risks delisting unless it is able to regain compliance in a timely fashion.

In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), Caladrius has a grace period of 180 calendar days, or until August 17, 2022, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. Compliance can be achieved automatically and without further action if the closing bid price of our stock is at or above $1.00 for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days at any time during the 180-day compliance period, in which case Nasdaq will notify Caladrius of its compliance and the matter will be closed. If, however, Caladrius does not achieve compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement by August 17, 2022, it may be eligible for additional time to comply. In order to be eligible for such additional time, Caladrius will be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for The Nasdaq Capital Market, with the exception of the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, and must notify Nasdaq in writing of its intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period. There can be no assurance that Caladrius will regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, that it will maintain compliant with other Nasdaq listing requirements or that it will be granted a second compliance period.

A delisting of Caladrius Common Stock from Nasdaq could materially reduce the liquidity of Caladrius Common Stock and result in a corresponding material reduction in the price of Caladrius Common Stock. In addition, delisting could harm Caladrius’ ability to raise capital through alternative financing sources on terms acceptable to it, or at all, and may result in the potential loss of confidence by investors, employees and fewer business development opportunities.

The Caladrius Board of Directors has approved the Reverse Stock Split, to be implemented prior to the consummation of the Merger as discussed in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement, and further adjusted based on the Exchange Ratio, but there can be no assurance that the Caladrius Stockholders will approve such Reverse Stock Split, that such Reverse Stock Split will be implemented or that such Reverse Stock Split, if implemented, will bring Caladrius into compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement.

In addition to potential dilution associated with potential future fundraising and strategic transactions, Caladrius currently has significant numbers of securities outstanding that are exercisable for Caladrius Common Stock, which could result in significant additional dilution and downward pressure on its stock price.

As of June 13, 2022, there were 60,518,478 shares of Caladrius Common Stock outstanding. In addition, there were outstanding stock options, restricted stock units and warrants representing the potential issuance of an additional 25,433,68 shares of Caladrius Common Stock. The issuance of these shares in the future would result in significant dilution to Caladrius’ current stockholders and could adversely affect the price of Caladrius Common Stock and the terms on which Caladrius could raise additional capital. In addition, the issuance and subsequent trading of shares could cause the supply of Caladrius Common Stock available for purchase in the market to exceed the purchase demand for Caladrius Common Stock. Such supply in excess of demand could cause the market price of Caladrius Common Stock to decline.

Provisions in Caladrius’ amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws and Delaware law may inhibit a takeover of us, which could limit the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for Caladrius Common Stock and could entrench management.

Caladrius’ amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws contain provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that stockholders may consider to be in their best interests. The Caladrius Board of Directors is divided into three classes, each of which will generally serve for a term of three years with only one class of directors being elected in each year. As a result, at a given annual meeting only a minority of the Caladrius Board of Directors may be considered for election. Since Caladrius’ staggered board of directors may prevent our stockholders from replacing a majority of the Caladrius Board of Directors at any given annual meeting, it may entrench management and discourage unsolicited stockholder proposals that may be in the best interests of stockholders. Moreover, the Caladrius Board of Directors has the ability to designate the terms of and issue new series of preferred stock without stockholder approval.

Caladrius is also subject to anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law, which could delay or prevent a change of control. Together, these provisions may make more difficult the removal of management and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for Caladrius’ securities.

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Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on Caladrius’ business and stock price.

During the course of testing Caladrius’ disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, Caladrius may identify and disclose material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting that will have to be remedied. Implementing any appropriate changes to Caladrius’ internal control may require specific compliance training of its directors, officers and employees, entail substantial costs to modify our existing accounting systems, and take a significant period of time to complete. Such changes may not, however, be effective in maintaining the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, and any failure to maintain that adequacy or inability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis could result in Caladrius’ financial statements being unreliable, increase its operating costs and materially impair its ability to operate its business.

Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in a loss of investor confidence in Caladrius’ financial reports and could have a material adverse effect on its stock price. Additionally, failure to maintain effective internal control over Caladrius’ financial reporting could result in government investigation or sanctions by regulatory authorities.

Risks Related to Cend

Risks Related to Cend’s Business

Cend has incurred net losses for all but one year since inception and anticipates that it will continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future and may never achieve or maintain profitability.

Cend is a development-stage drug discovery and development company with a limited operating history, and, with the exception of the year ended December 31, 2021 in which Cend did have net income as a result of a one-time license payment, Cend has not yet generated consistent revenues from the sales or licensing of its product candidates. Investment in drug discovery and development companies is highly speculative because it entails substantial upfront capital expenditures and significant risk that the product candidate(s) will fail to obtain regulatory approval or become commercially viable. Cend has not advanced product candidates to obtain marketing approvals, manufacture a commercial-scale product or conduct sales and marketing activities necessary for successful commercialization. Cend anticipates incurring significant expenses related to research and development, and other operations leading to partnering and commercialization of its product candidates.

Cend expects that it could be several years, if ever, before it has a commercialized product candidate. Cend expects to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future. The net losses it incurs may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter. Cend anticipates that its expenses will increase substantially if, and as, it:

•	licenses foundational intellectual property, or IP, and continues development of CEND-1, including conducting additional clinical trials for pancreatic and other cancers;

•	initiates preclinical studies for additional product candidates;

•	continues its process research and development activities, as well as establishes its research-grade, clinical- and commercial-scale manufacturing capabilities (should it choose to do so directly);

•	seeks collaboration agreements (geographic licensing agreements, or co-development and -commercialization agreements) involving CEND-1 and other product candidates;

•	completes additional clinical trials for CEND-1, following acceptance by the FDA;

•	identifies additional diseases for treatment with CEND-1 and other product candidates;

•	seeks partnering agreements (sub-licensing or asset divestitures) for continued clinical development and/or commercialization and market support;

•	maintains, expands and protects its intellectual property portfolio; and

•	identifies, acquires or in-licenses other product candidates and/or enabling technologies.

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To become and remain profitable, Cend must develop and eventually realize, either through its own efforts or those of its collaboration partners, commercialized product candidates with significant market potential, which will require it to be successful in a range of challenging activities.

These activities can include completing formulation and delivery approaches to meet target product profiles, completing preclinical studies, conducting early stage clinical trials, and securing partnering agreements to advance programs to late-stage clinical development and/or commercialization. Cend may never succeed in any or all of these activities and, even if it does, Cend may never generate revenues significant or large enough to achieve profitability. If it does achieve profitability, Cend may not be able to sustain or increase profitability. Cend’s failure to become and remain profitable would decrease the value of Cend and could impair its ability to raise capital, maintain its research and development efforts, expand its business or continue its operations, any of which could cause you to lose all or part of your investment.

Cend may not be able to generate sufficient revenue from the commercialization of product candidates and may never be profitable.

Cend’s ability to generate revenue and achieve profitability depends on its ability, alone or with its collaborative partners, to successfully complete the development of, and obtain the regulatory approvals necessary to commercialize, current and future product candidates. CEND-1 has advanced into Phase 2 clinical trials, but is still in a pre-commercial stage, and Cend does not anticipate generating revenues from commercial sales for the next several years, and it may never succeed in doing so. Cend’s ability to generate future revenues from product sales or licensing revenues depends heavily on its and its collaborators' success in:

•	completing clinical development of product candidates;

•	Cend’s partners may not complete clinical development or commercialization of product candidates, which could reduce Cend revenues from such partnerships;

•	seeking and obtaining regulatory and marketing approvals for product candidates for which clinical trials are completed;

•	launching and commercializing product candidates, including those for which Cend obtains regulatory and marketing approval, by collaborating with a commercialization partner(s);

•	qualifying for adequate coverage, coding and payment, where applicable, by government and third-party payors for product candidates if and when approved;

•	maintaining and enhancing a sustainable, scalable, reproducible and transferable manufacturing process for Cend’s product candidates;

•	establishing and maintaining supply and manufacturing relationships with third parties that can provide adequate, in both amount and quality, products and services to support development and commercial demand for product candidates, if approved;

•	obtaining market acceptance of product candidates as a viable treatment option;

•	addressing any competing technological and market developments;

•	implementing additional internal systems and infrastructure, as needed;

•	negotiating favorable terms in any collaboration, licensing or other arrangements into which Cend may enter and performing its obligations in such collaborations;

•	maintaining, protecting and expanding Cend’s portfolio of intellectual property rights, including patents, trade secrets and know-how;

•	avoiding and defending against third-party interference or infringement claims; and

•	attracting and retaining qualified personnel.

Cend’s expenses could increase beyond expectations if Cend is required by the FDA, or other regulatory authorities to perform preclinical studies and/or clinical trials in addition to those that it currently anticipates.

Even if Cend is able to generate revenues from the licensing or sale of product candidates, it may not become profitable and may need to obtain additional funding to continue operations.

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Cend is involved in a litigation matter that may consume resources and management time, and an adverse resolution could require us to pay damages or otherwise adversely impact its business, financial condition or results of operations.

Cend is currently involved in one litigation matter alleging breach of contract and fraud against Cend and Harri Järveläinen, Cend’s chief operating officer. See the section titled “Cend Business – Legal Proceedings” beginning on page 230 of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. Resolving this matter could require Cend to incur substantial costs and divert the attention of management and technical personnel. Any adverse ruling or perception of an adverse ruling could have an adverse impact on Cend’s business, financial condition or results of operations. Cend could incur substantial costs and expenses which could negatively affect its gross margins and earnings per share.

Cend conducts significant operations through its Australian wholly-owned subsidiary. If it loses its ability to operate in Australia, or if that subsidiary is unable to receive the research and development tax credit allowed by Australian regulations, Cend's business and results of operations will suffer.

Cend develops its programs in part through its wholly-owned Australian subsidiary, DrugCendR Australia Pty Ltd. Due to the geographical distance and limited employees currently in Australia, as well as Cend's limited of experience operating in Australia, Cend may not be able to efficiently or successfully monitor, develop or commercialize its products or programs in Australia, including conducting clinical trials. Furthermore, Cend has no assurance that the results of any clinical trials that it conducts for its product candidates in Australia will be accepted by the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities for development and commercialization approvals. In addition, current Australian tax regulations provide for a refundable research and development tax credit equal to 43.5% of qualified expenditures. If Cend is ineligible or unable to receive the research and development tax credit, or past credits are determined ineligible upon audit, or if it loses its ability to operate DrugCendR Australia Pty Ltd. in Australia, or the Australian government significantly reduces or eliminates the tax credit, Cend's business and results of operation would be adversely affected. In the event Cend determined it advisable to stop operating through this subsidiary, Cend may be required to migrate such operations, employees and intellectual property from this subsidiary to Cend. Any such action may be difficult and cause Cend to incur additional expenses, as well as give rise to tax liabilities for Cend or erode Cend's tax attributes (such as tax credits or net operating losses).

Risks Related to Cend Intellectual Property

Cend’s rights to develop and commercialize product candidates are subject to, in part, the terms and conditions of licenses granted to Cend by others.

On December 1, 2015, Cend Therapeutics, Inc. entered into an Exclusive License Agreement (the “SBP License Agreement”) with the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (“SBP”), a California not-for-profit, public benefit corporation based in San Diego, California. Pursuant to the SBP License Agreement, SBP licensed to Cend the exclusive right to use certain patents to further Cend’s research and development efforts. Because Cend does not have the right to control the preparation, filing and prosecution of all of the patent applications, or to maintain the patents, covering CEND-1, Cend cannot be certain that these patents and applications will be prosecuted, maintained and enforced in a manner consistent with the best interests of its business. If Cend’s licensors fail to maintain such patents, or lose rights to those patents or patent applications, the rights Cend has licensed may be reduced or eliminated and its right to develop and commercialize any products that are the subject of such licensed rights could be adversely affected. In addition to the foregoing, the risks associated with patent rights that Cend licenses from third parties will also apply to patent rights it may own in the future.

Further, in Cend’s license agreements it may be held responsible for bringing actions against infringers. Certain of Cend’s license agreements could also require it to meet development thresholds to maintain the license, including establishing a set timeline for developing and commercializing products and minimum yearly diligence obligations in developing and commercializing the product. Disputes may also arise regarding intellectual property subject to a licensing agreement.

If disputes over intellectual property that Cend has licensed prevent or impair Cend’s ability to maintain its current licensing arrangements on acceptable terms, Cend may be unable to successfully develop and commercialize the affected product candidates.

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If Cend fails to comply with its obligations under these license agreements, or Cend is subject to a bankruptcy, the licensor may have the right to terminate the license, in which event Cend would not be able to market products covered by the license.

If Cend is unable to obtain and maintain patent protection for its products and technology, or if the scope of the patent protection obtained is not sufficiently broad, Cend’s competitors could develop and commercialize products and technology similar or identical to Cend’s, and its ability to successfully partner and commercialize its products and technology may be adversely affected.

Cend’s success depends on its ability to obtain and maintain patent protection in the United States and other countries with respect to proprietary product candidates and manufacturing technology. Cend’s proposed licensors have sought and Cend intends to seek to protect proprietary position by filing patent applications in the United States and abroad related to the novel technologies and product candidates that are important to its business.

The patent prosecution process is expensive, time-consuming and complex, and Cend may not be able to file, prosecute, maintain, enforce or license all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner. For example, in some cases, the work of certain academic researchers in the field of oncology could enter the public domain, which may compromise Cend’s ability to obtain patent protection for certain inventions related to or building upon such prior work. Consequently, Cend may not be able to obtain any such patent rights to prevent others from using its technology for, and developing and marketing competing products to treat, these indications. It is also possible that Cend will fail to identify patentable aspects of its research and development output before it is too late to obtain patent protection.

The patent position of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies generally is highly uncertain, involves complex legal and factual questions and has, in recent years, been the subject of much litigation. As a result, the issuance, scope, validity, enforceability and commercial value of patent rights are highly uncertain. Any pending and future patent applications may not result in patents being issued which protect the related technology or product candidates or which effectively prevent others from commercializing competitive technologies and product candidates. Changes in either the patent laws or interpretation of the patent laws in the United States and other countries may diminish the value of patents or narrow the scope of patent protection.

Cend may not be aware of all third-party intellectual property rights potentially relating to its targeted product candidates. Publications of discoveries in the scientific literature often lag the actual discoveries, and patent applications in the United States and other jurisdictions are typically not published until 18 months after filing or, in some cases, not at all. Therefore, Cend cannot be certain that it was the first to make the inventions claimed in any owned or any licensed patents or pending patent applications, or that it was the first to file for patent protection of such inventions.

Even if the patent applications Cend licenses or may own in the future do issue as patents, they may not issue in a form that will provide Cend with any meaningful protection, prevent competitors or other third parties from competing with Cend or otherwise provide Cend with any competitive advantage. Cend’s competitors or other third parties may be able to circumvent key patents by developing similar or alternative technologies or products in a non-infringing manner.

The issuance of a patent is not conclusive as to its inventorship, scope, validity or enforceability, and key patents may be challenged in the courts or patent offices in the United States and abroad. Such challenges may result in loss of exclusivity or in patent claims being narrowed, invalidated or held unenforceable, which could limit Cend’s ability to stop others from using or commercializing similar or identical technology and products; or limit the duration of the patent protection of its technology and product candidates. Given the amount of time required for the development, testing and regulatory review of new product candidates, patents protecting such candidates might expire before or shortly after such candidates are commercialized. As a result, Cend’s intellectual property may not provide Cend with sufficient rights to exclude others from commercializing products similar or identical to Cend’s.

Further, in the event Cend breaches the terms of the SBP License Agreement, Cend could lose the ability to continue the development and potential commercialization of CEND-1, and Cend’s operations and profitability will be significantly negatively impacted.

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If Cend fails to comply with its obligations in any future agreements under which it may license intellectual property rights from third parties or otherwise experience disruptions to its business relationships with future licensors, Cend could lose license rights that are important to its business.

In the future, Cend may be party to license or collaboration agreements with third parties to advance its research or allow commercialization of product candidates. Such future agreements may impose numerous obligations, such as development, diligence, payment, commercialization, funding, milestone, royalty, sublicensing, insurance, patent prosecution, enforcement and other obligations on Cend and may require it to meet development timelines, or to exercise commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize licensed products, in order to maintain the licenses. In spite of Cend’s best efforts, future licensors might conclude that Cend has materially breached future license agreements and might therefore terminate the license agreements, thereby removing or limiting Cend’s ability to develop and commercialize products and technologies covered by these license agreements.

Any termination of these licenses, or if the underlying patents fail to provide the intended exclusivity, could result in the loss of significant rights and could harm Cend’s ability to commercialize its product candidates, and competitors or other third parties would have the freedom to seek regulatory approval of, and to market, products identical to Cend’s and it may be required to cease its development and commercialization of certain of its product candidates. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on Cend’s competitive position, business, financial conditions, results of operations, and prospects.

Disputes may also arise between Cend and its future licensors regarding intellectual property subject to a license agreement, including:

•	the scope of rights granted under the license agreement and other interpretation-related issues;

•	whether and the extent to which Cend’s technology and processes infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate intellectual property rights of the licensor that is not subject to the licensing agreement;

•	Cend’s right to sublicense patent and other rights to third parties under collaborative development relationships;

•	Cend’s diligence obligations with respect to the use of the licensed technology in relation to its development and commercialization of its product candidates, and what activities satisfy those diligence obligations;

•	the priority of invention of any patented technology; and

•	the ownership of inventions and know-how resulting from the joint creation or use of intellectual property by Cend’s future licensors and Cend and its partners.

In addition, the agreements under which Cend may license intellectual property or technology from third parties in the future are likely to be complex, and certain provisions in such agreements may be susceptible to multiple interpretations. The resolution of any contract interpretation disagreement that may arise could narrow what Cend believes to be the scope of its rights to the relevant intellectual property or technology, or increase what Cend believes to be its financial or other obligations under the relevant agreement, either of which could have a material adverse effect on Cend’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Moreover, if disputes over intellectual property that Cend may license in the future prevent or impair its ability to maintain future licensing arrangements on acceptable terms, Cend may be unable to successfully develop and commercialize the affected product candidates, which could have a material adverse effect on Cend’s business, financial conditions, results of operations and prospects.

Cend may not be successful in obtaining necessary additional rights to its product candidates through acquisitions and in-licenses.

Cend may discover that it needs to obtain additional rights to the foundational IP associated with the product candidates it plans to develop, manufacture and market. If this occurs, Cend intends to license or purchase the rights to those candidates, which may nor may not prove successful at all, or on acceptable terms. If Cend’s programs require the use of proprietary rights held by third parties, such as academic institutions, the growth of Cend’s business will critically depend on its ability to acquire, in-license or use these proprietary rights, which may not prove possible on acceptable terms. The licensing or acquisition of third-party intellectual property rights is a competitive area, and several more established companies may pursue strategies to license or acquire

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third-party intellectual property rights that Cend may consider attractive. These established companies may have a competitive advantage over Cend due to their size, capital resources and greater clinical development and commercialization capabilities. In addition, companies that perceive Cend to be a competitor may be unwilling to assign or license rights to us. If Cend is unable to license or acquire third-party intellectual property rights on terms that would allow it to execute its business plan, your investment may be lost.

Cend may collaborate with non-profit and academic institutions to accelerate its preclinical research or development under written agreements with these institutions. Typically, these institutions would provide Cend with an option to negotiate a license to any of the institution's rights in technology resulting from the collaboration. Regardless of such option, Cend may be unable to negotiate a license within the specified timeframe or under terms that are acceptable to it. If Cend is unable to do so, the institution may offer the intellectual property rights to other parties, potentially blocking Cend’s ability to pursue its program.

If Cend is unable to successfully obtain rights to required third-party intellectual property rights or maintain the existing intellectual property rights it has, it may be required to expend significant time and resources to redesign its product candidates, identify other candidates, or to develop or license replacement technology, none of which may be feasible on a technical or commercial basis, especially with Cend’s limited resources. If Cend is unable to do so, it may be unable to develop or commercialize the affected product candidates, which could critically harm Cend’s business.

Obtaining and maintaining Cend’s patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by government patent agencies, and Cend’s patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements.

Periodic maintenance fees, renewal fees, annuity fees and various other government fees on patents and/or applications will be due to be paid to the USPTO and various government patent agencies outside of the United States over the lifetime of Cend’s licensed patents and/or applications and any patent rights it may own in the future. Cend may rely on its outside counsel or licensing partners to pay these fees due to non-U.S. patent agencies. The USPTO and various non-U.S. government patent agencies require compliance with several procedural, documentary, fee payment and other similar provisions during the patent application process. Cend will employ reputable law firms and other professionals to help it comply, but it will also be dependent on its licensors to take the necessary action to comply with these requirements with respect to their licensed intellectual property. In many cases, an inadvertent lapse can be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules. There are situations, however, in which non- compliance can result in abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. In such an event, potential competitors might be able to enter the market and this circumstance could harm Cend’s business.

Cend may not be able to protect intellectual property rights throughout the world, including but not limited to China.

Filing, prosecuting and defending patents on product candidates in all countries throughout the world, including China, would be prohibitively expensive, and intellectual property rights in some countries outside the United States could be less extensive than those in the United States. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as federal and state laws in the United States. Consequently, Cend may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing any of its inventions in all countries outside the United States, or from selling or importing products made using any of its inventions in and into the United States or other jurisdictions. Competitors may use Cend’s technologies in jurisdictions where Cend has not obtained patent protection to develop their own products and, further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where Cend has patent protection, but enforcement is not as strong as that in the United States. These products may compete with Cend’s products and Cend’s patents or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from competing.

Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents, trade secrets and other intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to life sciences products, which could make it difficult for Cend to stop the infringement of patents or marketing of competing products in violation of proprietary rights generally. Proceedings to enforce patent rights

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in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert Cend’s efforts and attention from other aspects of Cend’s business, could put Cend’s patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and Cend’s patent applications at risk of not issuing and could provoke third parties to assert claims against Cend. Cend may not prevail in any lawsuits that it initiates and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. Accordingly, Cend’s efforts to enforce intellectual property rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that Cend develops or licenses.

In addition to the protection afforded by patents, Cend will rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect proprietary know-how that is not patentable or that Cend elects not to patent, processes for which patents are difficult to enforce and any other elements of Cend’s product candidate discovery and development processes that involve proprietary know-how, information or technology that is not covered by patents. However, trade secrets can be difficult to protect and some courts inside and outside the United States are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets. Cend seeks to protect its proprietary technology and processes, in part, by entering into confidentiality agreements with its employees, consultants, scientific advisors and contractors. Cend cannot guarantee that it has entered into such agreements with each party that may have or have had access to Cend’s trade secrets or proprietary technology and processes. Agreements or security measures may be breached, and Cend may not have adequate remedies for any breach. In addition, Cend’s trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors.

Changes to patent law in the United States and in foreign jurisdictions could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing Cend’s ability to protect its products.

As is the case with other drug discovery and development companies, Cend’s success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly patents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involve both technological and legal complexity, and is therefore costly, time-consuming and inherently uncertain. Recent U.S. Supreme Court rulings have narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances and weakened the rights of patent owners in certain situations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to Cend’s ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty with respect to the value of patents once obtained. Depending on decisions by the U.S. Congress, the federal courts, and the USPTO, the laws and regulations governing patents could change in unpredictable ways that would weaken Cend’s ability to obtain new patents or to enforce patents that Cend might obtain in the future. For example, in the case Assoc. for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., the U.S. Supreme Court held that certain claims to DNA molecules are not patentable. Any adverse changes in the patent laws of other jurisdictions could have a material adverse effect on Cend’s business and financial condition. Changes in the laws and regulations governing patents in other jurisdictions could similarly have an adverse effect on Cend’s ability to obtain and effectively enforce any rights it may have in its patent applications or any patents Cend may own or in-license in the future.

Recent or future patent reform legislation could also increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of Cend’s patent applications and the enforcement or defense of any patents Cend may own or in-license in the future. The United States has enacted and implemented wide-ranging patent reform legislation. On September 16, 2011, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or America Invents Act, was signed into law, which includes a number of significant changes to U.S. patent law. These include provisions that affect the way patent applications are prosecuted, redefine prior art, may affect patent litigation, establish a new post-grant review system and switch the U.S. patent system from a “first-to-invent” system to a “first-to-file” system. Under a “first-to-file” system, assuming the other requirements for patentability are met, the first inventor to file a patent application generally will be entitled to a patent on the invention regardless of whether another inventor had made the invention earlier. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing or until issuance, Cend cannot be certain that it was the first to either (i) file any patent application related to its product candidates or other technologies or (ii) invent any of the inventions claimed in its patent applications or any patents it may own or in-license. These changes also allow third party submission of prior art to the USPTO during patent prosecution and additional procedures to attack the validity of a patent by USPTO administered post-grant proceedings, including post-grant review, inter partes review, and derivation proceedings. Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal courts necessary to invalidate a patent claim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidence would be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action.

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Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures to invalidate Cend’s patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action. An adverse determination in any such proceeding could reduce the scope of, or invalidate, Cend’s patent rights, allow third parties to commercialize its technology or products and compete directly with Cend, without payment to Cend, or result in Cend’s inability to manufacture or commercialize products without infringing third-party patent rights. Accordingly, the America Invents Act and its implementation interjects uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of Cend’s patent applications and the enforcement or defense of any issued patents Cend may own or in-license in the future, all of which could have a material adverse effect on Cend’s business and financial condition.

Cend may be subject to claims asserting that its employees, consultants or advisors have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their current or former employers or claims asserting ownership of what Cend regards as its own intellectual property.

Cend anticipates that many of its consultants or advisors will currently be, or were previously, employed at universities, industry service providers (e.g., CDMOs, CROs, CDOs, etc.), or other biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies, including Cend’s competitors or potential competitors. Although Cend tries to ensure that its employees, consultants and advisors do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for Cend, Cend may be subject to claims that these individuals or Cend has used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of any such individual's current or former employer. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If Cend fails in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, Cend may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if Cend is successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management.

If Cend is unable to protect the confidentiality of its trade secrets, its business and competitive position would be harmed.

In addition to the protection afforded by patents Cend may own or in-license in the future, Cend seeks to rely on trade secret protection, confidentiality agreements, and license agreements to protect proprietary know-how that is not patentable, processes for which patents are difficult to enforce and any other elements of Cend’s product discovery and development processes, that involve proprietary know-how, information, or technology that is not covered by patents. Although Cend requires all of its employees, consultants, advisors and any third parties who have access to Cend proprietary know-how, information, or technology to enter into confidentiality agreements, trade secrets can be difficult to protect and Cend has limited the protection of trade secrets used by its collaborators and suppliers. Cend cannot be certain that it has or will obtain these agreements in all circumstances and cannot guarantee that it has entered into such agreements with each party that may have or have had access to Cend’s trade secrets or proprietary information.

Moreover, any of these parties might breach the agreements and intentionally or inadvertently disclose Cend trade secret information and Cend may not be able to obtain adequate remedies for such breaches. In addition, competitors may otherwise gain access to Cend’s trade secrets or independently develop substantially equivalent information and techniques. Furthermore, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights and trade secrets to the same extent or in the same manner as the laws of the United States. As a result, Cend may encounter significant problems in protecting and defending its intellectual property both in the United States and abroad. If Cend is unable to prevent unauthorized material disclosure of its intellectual property to third parties, Cend will not be able to establish or maintain a competitive advantage in its market, which could materially adversely affect Cend’s business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects.

Enforcing a claim that a party illegally disclosed or misappropriated a trade secret is difficult, expensive and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. If Cend chooses to go to court to stop a third party from using any of its trade secrets, it may incur substantial costs. These lawsuits may consume Cend’s time and other resources even if it is successful. For example, significant elements, including aspects of drug manufacturing processes, experiments to validate mechanisms and pharmacology, drug design, and related processes, are based on unpatented trade secrets that are not publicly disclosed. Although Cend takes steps to protect its proprietary information and trade secrets, including through contractual means with its employees and consultants, third parties may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to Cend’s trade secrets or disclose its technology. If any of Cend’s trade secrets were to be lawfully

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obtained or independently developed by a competitor or other third party, Cend would have no right to prevent them from using that technology or information to compete with Cend.

Thus, Cend may not be able to meaningfully protect its trade secrets. It is Cend’s policy to require its employees, consultants, outside scientific collaborators, sponsored researchers and other advisors to execute confidentiality agreements upon the commencement of employment or consulting relationships with Cend. These agreements provide that all confidential information concerning Cend’s business or financial affairs developed or made known to the individual or entity during the course of the party’s relationship with Cend is to be kept confidential and not disclosed to third parties except in specific circumstances. In addition, Cend takes other appropriate precautions, such as physical and technological security measures, to guard against misappropriation of Cend’s proprietary technology by third parties. In the case of employees, the agreements provide that all inventions conceived by the individual, and which are related to Cend’s current or planned business or research and development or made during normal working hours, on Cend’s premises or using Cend’s equipment or proprietary information, are Cend’s exclusive property. Although Cend requires all of its employees to assign their inventions to it, Cend may be unsuccessful in executing such an agreement with each party who, in fact, conceives or develops intellectual property that Cend regards as its own. The assignment of intellectual property rights may not be self-executing, or the assignment agreements may be breached, and Cend may be forced to bring claims against third parties, or defend claims that they may bring against Cend, to determine the ownership of what Cend regards as its intellectual property. Such claims could have a material adverse effect on Cend’s business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Cend may not be successful in obtaining or maintaining necessary rights to product components and processes for its development pipeline through acquisitions and in-licenses.

Presently Cend has seven pending patent applications in the United States. Because additional product candidates may require the use of proprietary rights held by third parties, the growth of Cend’s business will likely depend in part on its ability to acquire, in-license or use these proprietary rights.

Cend’s product candidates may also require specific formulations to work effectively and efficiently and these rights may be held by others. Similarly, efficient production or delivery of Cend product candidates may also require specific compositions or methods, and the rights to these may be owned by third parties. Cend may be unable to acquire or in-license any compositions, methods of use, processes or other third-party intellectual property rights from third parties that Cend identifies as necessary or important to its business operations. Cend may fail to obtain any of these licenses at a reasonable cost or on reasonable terms, if at all, which would harm its business. Cend may need to cease use of the compositions or methods covered by such third-party intellectual property rights, and may need to seek to develop alternative approaches that do not infringe on such intellectual property rights which may entail additional costs and development delays, even if Cend was able to develop such alternatives, which may not be feasible. Even if Cend is able to obtain a license, it may be nonexclusive, thereby giving Cend competitors access to the same technologies licensed to it. In that event, Cend may be required to expend significant time and resources to develop or license replacement technology. Moreover, the molecules that will be used with Cend’s product candidates may be covered by the intellectual property rights of others.

Additionally, Cend sometimes collaborated with academic institutions to accelerate its clinical research or development under written agreements with these institutions. In certain cases, these institutions provide Cend with an option to negotiate a license to any of the institution’s rights in technology resulting from the collaboration. Regardless of such option, Cend may be unable to negotiate a license within the specified timeframe or under terms that are acceptable to it. If it is unable to do so, the institution may offer the intellectual property rights to others, potentially blocking Cend’s ability to pursue its program and allowing third parties to compete with it. If Cend is unable to successfully obtain rights to required third-party intellectual property or to maintain the existing intellectual property rights Cend has, Cend may have to abandon development of such program and its business and financial condition could suffer.

The licensing and acquisition of third-party intellectual property rights is a competitive area, and companies that are more established, or have greater resources than Cend does, may also be pursuing strategies to license or acquire third-party intellectual property rights that Cend may consider necessary or attractive in order to commercialize its product candidates. More established companies may have a competitive advantage over Cend due to their size, cash resources and greater clinical development and commercialization capabilities. In addition, companies that perceive Cend to be a competitor may be unwilling to assign or license rights to it. Cend also may be unable to license or acquire third-party intellectual property rights on terms that would allow it to make

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an appropriate return on its investment or at all. There can be no assurance that Cend will be able to successfully complete such negotiations and ultimately acquire the rights to the intellectual property surrounding the additional product candidates that it may seek to acquire. If Cend is unable to successfully obtain rights to required third-party intellectual property or to maintain the existing intellectual property rights it has, to may have to abandon development of such program and its business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects could suffer.

If Cend does not obtain patent term extension and data exclusivity for any of its current or future product candidates it may develop, its business may be materially harmed.

Depending upon the timing, duration and specifics of any FDA marketing approval of any of its current or future product candidates Cend may develop, one or more U.S. patents Cend may own or in-license in the future may be eligible for limited patent term extension under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, or the Hatch-Waxman Amendments. The Hatch-Waxman Amendments permit a patent term extension of up to five years as compensation for patent term lost during the FDA regulatory review process. A patent term extension cannot extend the remaining term of a patent beyond a total of 14 years from the date of product approval, only one patent may be extended and only those claims covering the approved drug, a method for using it, or a method for manufacturing it may be extended. However, Cend may not be granted an extension because of, for example, failing to exercise due diligence during the testing phase or regulatory review process, failing to apply within applicable deadlines, failing to apply prior to expiration of relevant patents, or otherwise failing to satisfy applicable requirements. Moreover, the applicable time period or the scope of patent protection afforded could be less than Cend requests. If Cend is unable to obtain patent term extension or the term of any such extension is shorter than what Cend requests, its competitors may obtain approval of competing products following expiration of any patents that issue from Cend’s patent applications, and Cend’s business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects could be materially harmed.

If Cend’s trademarks and trade names are not adequately protected, then it may not be able to build name recognition in its marks of interest and its business may be adversely affected.

Cend’s trademarks or trade names may be challenged, infringed, diluted, circumvented or declared generic or determined to be infringing on other marks. Cend intends to rely on both registration and common law protection for its trademarks. Cend may not be able to protect its rights to these trademarks and trade names or may be forced to stop using these names, which it needs for name recognition by potential partners or customers in its markets of interest. During the trademark registration process, Cend may receive Office Actions from the USPTO objecting to the registration of its trademarks. Although Cend would be given an opportunity to respond to those objections, it may be unable to overcome such rejections. In addition, in the USPTO and in comparable agencies in many foreign jurisdictions, third parties are given an opportunity to oppose pending trademark applications and/or to seek the cancellation of registered trademarks. Opposition or cancellation proceedings may be filed against Cend’s trademarks, and its trademarks may not survive such proceedings. If Cend is unable to obtain a registered trademark or establish name recognition based on its trademarks and trade names, it may not be able to compete effectively and its business may be adversely affected.

Third-party claims of intellectual property infringement, misappropriation or other violations may be costly and time consuming and may prevent or delay Cend’s product discovery and development efforts.

The intellectual property landscape around precision medicine is crowded, and third parties may initiate legal proceedings alleging that Cend is infringing, misappropriating, or otherwise violating their intellectual property rights, the outcome of which would be uncertain and could have a material adverse effect on the success of Cend’s business. Cend’s commercial success depends upon its ability to develop, manufacture, market and sell its current and future product candidates and use its proprietary technologies without infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights of third parties. There is a substantial amount of litigation involving patents and other intellectual property rights in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, as well as administrative proceedings for challenging patents, including derivation, interference, reexamination, inter partes review, and post grant review proceedings before the USPTO or oppositions and other comparable proceedings in foreign jurisdictions. Cend or any of its future licensors or strategic partners may be party to, exposed to, or threatened with, future adversarial proceedings or litigation by third parties having patent or other intellectual property rights alleging that its current or future product candidates and/or proprietary technologies

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infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate their intellectual property rights. Cend cannot assure you that its product candidates and other technologies that it has developed, are developing or may develop in the future do not or will not infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate existing or future patents or other intellectual property rights owned by third parties. Numerous U.S. and foreign issued patents and pending patent applications, which are owned by third parties, exist in the fields in which Cend is developing product candidates. As the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries expand and more patents are issued, the risk increases that Cend’s product candidates may give rise to claims of infringement of the patent rights of others. Moreover, it is not always clear to industry participants, including Cend, which patents cover various types of drugs, products or their methods of use or manufacture. Thus, because of the large number of patents issued and patent applications filed in Cend’s fields, there may be a risk that third parties may allege they have patent rights encompassing Cend’s product candidates, technologies or methods.

If a third party claims that Cend infringes, misappropriates or otherwise violates its intellectual property rights, Cend may face a number of issues, including, but not limited to:

•	infringement, misappropriation and other intellectual property claims which, regardless of merit, may be expensive and time-consuming to litigate and may divert management’s attention from Cend’s core business and may impact its reputation;

•

substantial damages for infringement, misappropriation or other violations, which Cend may have to pay if a court decides that the product candidate or technology at issue infringes, misappropriates or violates the third party’s rights, and, if the court finds that the infringement was willful, Cend could be ordered to pay treble damages and the patent owner’s attorneys’ fees;

•	a court prohibiting Cend from developing, manufacturing, marketing or selling its product candidates, including CEND-1, or from using its proprietary technologies, unless the third party licenses its product rights to Cend, which it is not required to do, on commercially reasonable terms or at all;

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if a license is available from a third party, Cend may have to pay substantial royalties, upfront fees and other amounts, and/or grant cross-licenses to intellectual property rights for its products, or the license to Cend may be non-exclusive, which would permit third parties to use the same intellectual property to compete with Cend;

•	redesigning Cend’s product candidates or processes so they do not infringe, misappropriate or violate third party intellectual property rights, which may not be possible or may require substantial monetary expenditures and time; and

•	there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments, and, if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of Cend’s common stock.

Some of Cend’s competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than Cend can because they have substantially greater resources. In addition, any uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could have a material adverse effect on Cend’s ability to raise the funds necessary to continue Cend’s operations or could otherwise have a material adverse effect on Cend’s business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on Cend’s business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.

Cend may choose to challenge the patentability of claims in a third party’s U.S. patent by requesting that the USPTO review the patent claims in an ex-parte re-exam, inter partes review or post-grant review proceedings. These proceedings are expensive and may consume Cend’s time or other resources. Cend may choose to challenge a third party’s patent in patent opposition proceedings in the EPO, or other foreign patent office. The costs of these opposition proceedings could be substantial, and may consume Cend’s time or other resources. If Cend fails to obtain a favorable result at the USPTO, EPO or other patent office then Cend may be exposed to litigation by a third party alleging that the patent may be infringed by Cend’s product candidates or proprietary technologies.

Third parties may assert that Cend is employing their proprietary technology without authorization. Patents issued in the United States by law enjoy a presumption of validity that can be rebutted only with evidence that is “clear and convincing,” a heightened standard of proof. There may be issued third-party patents of which Cend is

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currently unaware with claims to compositions, formulations, methods of manufacture or methods for treatment related to the use or manufacture of Cend’s product candidates. Patent applications can take many years to issue. In addition, because some patent applications in the United States may be maintained in secrecy until the patents are issued, patent applications in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions are typically not published until 18 months after filing, and publications in the scientific literature often lag behind actual discoveries, Cend cannot be certain that others have not filed patent applications covering Cend’s product candidates or technology. If any such patent applications issue as patents, and if such patents have priority over Cend’s patent applications or patents Cend may own or in-license, Cend may be required to obtain rights to such patents owned by third parties which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or may only be available on a non-exclusive basis. There may be currently pending patent applications which may later result in issued patents that Cend’s product candidates may infringe. It is also possible that patents owned by third parties of which Cend is aware, but which it does not believe are relevant to Cend’s product candidates or other technologies, could be found to be infringed by Cend’s product candidates or other technologies. In addition, third parties may obtain patents in the future and claim that use of Cend’s technologies infringes upon these patents. Moreover, Cend may fail to identify relevant patents or incorrectly conclude that a patent is invalid, not enforceable, exhausted, or not infringed by Cend’s activities. If any third-party patents were held by a court of competent jurisdiction to cover the manufacturing process of Cend’s product candidates, molecules used in or formed during the manufacturing process, or any final product itself, the holders of any such patents may be able to block Cend’s ability to commercialize the product candidate unless it obtained a license under the applicable patents, or until such patents expire or they are finally determined to be held invalid or unenforceable. Similarly, if any third-party patent were held by a court of competent jurisdiction to cover aspects of Cend’s formulations, processes for manufacture or methods of use, including combination therapy or patient selection methods, the holders of any such patent may be able to block Cend’s ability to develop and commercialize the product candidate unless Cend obtained a license or until such patent expires or is finally determined to be held invalid or unenforceable. In either case, such a license may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If Cend is unable to obtain a necessary license to a third-party patent on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, its ability to commercialize its product candidates may be impaired or delayed, which could in turn significantly harm its business. Even if Cend obtains a license, it may be nonexclusive, thereby giving Cend’s competitors access to the same technologies licensed to Cend. In addition, if the breadth or strength of protection provided by Cend’s patent applications or any patents it may own or in-license in the future is threatened, it could dissuade companies from collaborating with Cend to license, develop or commercialize current or future product candidates.

Parties making claims against Cend may seek and obtain injunctive or other equitable relief, which could effectively block Cend’s ability to further develop and commercialize its product candidates. Defense of these claims, regardless of their merit, could involve substantial litigation expense and would be a substantial diversion of employee resources from Cend’s business. In the event of a successful claim of infringement, misappropriation or other violation against Cend, Cend may have to pay substantial damages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees for willful infringement, obtain one or more licenses from third parties, pay royalties or redesign its infringing products, which may be impossible or require substantial time and monetary expenditure. Cend cannot predict whether any such license would be available at all or whether it would be available on commercially reasonable terms. Furthermore, even in the absence of litigation, Cend may need or may choose to obtain licenses from third parties to advance its research or allow commercialization of its product candidates. Cend may fail to obtain any of these licenses at a reasonable cost or on reasonable terms, if at all. In that event, Cend would be unable to further develop and commercialize its product candidates, which could harm its business significantly.

Cend may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce its intellectual property rights, including any patents it may own or in-license in the future, which could be expensive, time-consuming and unsuccessful.

Competitors may infringe any patents Cend may own or in-license in the future. In addition, any patents Cend may own or in-license also may become involved in inventorship, priority, validity or unenforceability disputes. To counter infringement or unauthorized use, Cend may be required to file infringement claims, which can be expensive and time-consuming. Cend may not prevail in any lawsuits that it initiates, and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. In addition, in an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that one or more of any patents Cend may own or in-license in the future is not valid or is unenforceable or that the other party’s use of Cend’s technology that may be patented falls under the safe harbor

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to patent infringement under 35 U.S.C. §271(e)(1). There is also the risk that, even if the validity of these patents is upheld, the court may refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that any patents Cend may own or in-license in the future do not cover the technology in question or that such third party’s activities do not infringe Cend’s patent applications or any patents it may own or in-license in the future. An adverse result in any litigation or defense proceedings could put one or more of any patents Cend may own or in-license in the future at risk of being invalidated, held unenforceable, or interpreted narrowly and could put Cend’s patent applications at risk of not issuing. Defense of these claims, regardless of their merit, would involve substantial litigation expense and would be a substantial diversion of employee resources from Cend’s business. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against Cend, Cend may have to pay substantial damages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees for willful infringement, obtain one or more licenses from third parties, pay royalties or redesign Cend’s infringing products, which may be impossible or require substantial time and monetary expenditure. Such litigation or proceedings could substantially increase Cend’s operating losses and reduce the resources available for development activities or any future sales, marketing, or distribution activities. Cend may not have sufficient financial or other resources to conduct such litigation or proceedings adequately. Some of Cend’s competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation or proceedings more effectively than Cend can because of their greater financial resources and more mature and developed intellectual property portfolios. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other proceedings could have a material adverse effect on Cend’s ability to compete in the marketplace.

Post-grant proceedings provoked by third parties or brought by the USPTO may be necessary to determine the validity or priority of inventions with respect to Cend’s patent applications or any patents Cend may own or in-license in the future. These proceedings are expensive and an unfavorable outcome could result in a loss Cend’s current patent rights and could require Cend to cease using the related technology or to attempt to license rights to it from the prevailing party. Cend’s business could be harmed if the prevailing party does not offer Cend a license on commercially reasonable terms. In addition to potential USPTO review proceedings, Cend may become a party to patent opposition proceedings in the European Patent Office or similar proceedings in other foreign patent offices, where either Cend’s foreign patents are challenged. The costs of these opposition or similar proceedings could be substantial, and may result in a loss of scope of some claims or a loss of the entire patent. An unfavorable result at the USPTO, EPO or other patent office may result in the loss of Cend’s right to exclude others from practicing one or more of its inventions in the relevant country or jurisdiction, which could have a material adverse effect on Cend’s business.

Litigation or post-grant proceedings may result in a decision adverse to Cend’s interests and, even if Cend is successful, may result in substantial costs and distract its management and other employees. Cend may not be able to prevent, misappropriation of its trade secrets or confidential information, particularly in countries where the laws may not protect those rights as fully as in the United States.

Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of Cend’s confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of Cend’s common stock.

Cend may not be able to detect infringement against any patents it may own or in-license in the future. Even if Cend detects infringement by a third party of any patents it may own or in-license in the future, Cend may choose not to pursue litigation against or settlement with the third party. If Cend later sues such third party for patent infringement, the third party may have certain legal defenses available to it, which otherwise would not be available except for the delay between when the infringement was first detected and when the suit was brought. Such legal defenses may make it impossible for Cend to enforce any patents it may own or in-license against such third party.

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Risks related to the development of Cend’s product candidates

Cend is early in its development efforts and is substantially dependent on its lead product candidate, CEND-1. If Cend is unable to advance CEND-1 or any of its other product candidates through clinical development, obtain regulatory approval and ultimately commercialize CEND-1 or any of its other product candidates, or experience significant delays in doing so, Cend’s business will be materially harmed.

Cend is early in its development efforts. Cend’s lead product candidate is still in clinical development. Cend’s earlier stage drug discovery and development programs have not yet resulted in product candidates that have been tested in human subjects. Cend’s ability to generate product revenues, which it does not expect will occur for many years, if ever, will depend heavily on the successful clinical development and eventual commercialization of CEND-1 and one or more of its other product candidates. The success of Cend’s product candidates will depend on several factors, including the following:

•	successful completion of preclinical and clinical studies;

•	approval of INDs for Cend’s planned clinical trials or future clinical trials;

•	FDA acceptance of Cend’s development strategy and resultant clinical data;

•	successful initiation of clinical trials;

•	successful patient enrollment in and completion of clinical trials;

•	safety, tolerability and efficacy profiles for Cend’s product candidates that are satisfactory to the FDA or any foreign regulatory authority for marketing approval;

•	receipt of marketing approvals for Cend’s product candidates from applicable regulatory authorities;

•	the extent of any required post-marketing approval commitments to applicable regulatory authorities;

•	obtaining and maintaining patent and trade secret protection and regulatory exclusivity for Cend’s product candidates;

•	making arrangements with third-party manufacturers, or establishing manufacturing capabilities, for both clinical and commercial supplies of Cend’s product candidates, if any product candidates are approved;

•	establishing sales, marketing and distribution capabilities and launching commercial sales of Cend’s products, if and when approved, whether alone or in collaboration with others;

•	acceptance of Cend’s products, if and when approved, by patients, the medical community and third-party payors;

•	effectively competing with other cancer therapies;

•	obtaining and maintaining third-party coverage and adequate reimbursement;

•	maintaining a continued acceptable safety profile of Cend’s products following approval; and

•	factors Cend may not be able to control, such as current or potential pandemics that may limit patients, principal investigators or staff or clinical site availability (e.g. the COVID-19 pandemic).

There is no guarantee that the results obtained in current clinical studies will be sufficient to obtain regulatory approval or marketing authorization for such product candidate. Negative results in the development of Cend’s lead product candidate may also impact its ability to obtain regulatory approval for its other product candidates, either at all or within anticipated timeframes because, although other product candidates may target different indications, the underlying technology platform, manufacturing process and development process is the same for all of Cend’s product candidates. Accordingly, a failure in any one program may affect the ability to obtain regulatory approval to continue or conduct clinical programs for other product candidates. For example, although Cend believes based on its clinical studies that a combination of CEND-1 with certain anti-cancer therapeutics is more effective than the use of those therapeutics in alone, this may not prove true in clinical testing of CEND-1 for all or any of the targeted tumors or types of cancer. Anti-tumor activity may prove different in each of the different tumor and cancer types Cend plans on evaluating in the clinical trial. Therefore, even though Cend plans on pursuing tumor-agnostic clinical development of CEND-1, the tumor response may be low in patients

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with some cancers compared to others. This may result in discontinuation of development of CEND-1 for patients with these tumor types and/or mutations due to insufficient clinical benefit while continuing development for a more limited population of patients more likely to benefit. As a consequence, Cend may have to negotiate with the FDA to reach agreement on defining the optimal patient population, study design and size in order to obtain regulatory approval, any of which may require significant additional resources and delay the timing of Cend’s clinical trials and ultimately the approval, if any, of any of Cend’s product candidates.

In addition, because Cend has limited financial and personnel resources and is placing significant focus on the development of its lead product candidate, Cend may forego or delay pursuit of opportunities with other future product candidates that later prove to have greater commercial potential. Cend’s resource allocation decisions may cause it to fail to capitalize on viable commercial products or profitable market opportunities. Cend’s spending on current and future research and development programs and other future product candidates for specific indications may not yield any commercially viable future product candidates. If Cend does not accurately evaluate the commercial potential or target market for a particular future product candidate, it may relinquish valuable rights to those future product candidates through collaboration, licensing or other royalty arrangements in cases in which it would have been more advantageous for it to retain sole development and commercialization rights to such future product candidates.

Difficulty in enrolling patients could delay or prevent clinical trials of Cend’s product candidates. Cend may find it difficult to enroll patients in its clinical trial for CEND-1 with the tumor cancers that CEND-1 is designed to target.

Identifying and qualifying patients to participate in clinical studies of Cend’s product candidates is critical to Cend’s success. The timing of completion of Cend’s clinical studies depends in part on the speed at which it can recruit patients to participate in testing its product candidates, and Cend may experience delays in its clinical trials if it encounters difficulties in enrollment. Cend may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for its product candidates if it is unable to locate and enroll a sufficient number of eligible patients to participate in these trials as required by the FDA or similar regulatory authorities outside the United States. In particular, because Cend is focused on patients with specific solid tumor cancers, Cend’s ability to enroll eligible patients may be limited or may result in slower enrollment than it anticipates. For example, with respect to CEND-1, Cend cannot be certain how many patients will have each of the solid tumor cancers that CEND-1 is designed to target or that the number of patients enrolled will suffice for regulatory approval and inclusion of each such mutation in the approved label. In addition, some of Cend’s competitors have ongoing clinical trials for product candidates that treat the same indications as Cend’s product candidates, and patients who would otherwise be eligible for Cend’s clinical trials may instead enroll in clinical trials of Cend’s competitors’ product candidates.

The eligibility criteria of Cend’s planned clinical trials will limit the pool of available study participants as Cend will require that patients have specific characteristics that it can measure to assure their disease is either severe enough or not too advanced to include them in a study. Additionally, the process of finding and diagnosing patients may prove costly. Cend also may not be able to identify, recruit and enroll a sufficient number of patients to complete its clinical studies because of the perceived risks and benefits of the product candidate under study, the availability and efficacy of competing therapies and clinical trials, the proximity and availability of clinical study sites for prospective patients, the availability of genetic sequencing information for patient tumors so that Cend can identify patients with the targeted conditions, and the patient referral practices of physicians. If patients are unwilling to participate in Cend’s studies for any reason, the timeline for recruiting patients, conducting studies and obtaining regulatory approval of potential products may be delayed.

Further, if Cend is unable to include patients with the targeted conditions, this could compromise its ability to seek participation in FDA’s expedited review and development programs, or otherwise seek to accelerate clinical development and regulatory timelines.

The enrollment of patients further depends on many factors, including:

•	the proximity of patients to clinical trial sites;

•	the design of the clinical trial;

•	Cend’s ability to recruit clinical trial investigators with the appropriate competencies and experience;

•	Cend’s ability to obtain and maintain patient consents;

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•	reporting of the preliminary results of any of Cend’s clinical trials;

•	the risk that patients enrolled in clinical trials will drop out of the clinical trials before clinical trial completion; and

•	other unforeseeable conditions, such as COVID-19, which had a significantly negative impact on the availability of enrollment in clinical trials.

In addition, Cend’s clinical trials will compete with other clinical trials for product candidates that are in the same therapeutic areas as its product candidates, and this competition will reduce the number and types of patients available to Cend because some patients who might have opted to enroll in Cend’s clinical trials may instead opt to enroll in a clinical trial being conducted by one of Cend’s competitors. Since the number of qualified clinical investigators is limited, Cend may conduct some of its clinical trials at the same clinical trial sites that some of its competitors use, which could reduce the number of patients who are available for Cend’s clinical trials at such clinical trial sites.

If Cend experiences delays in the completion of, or termination of, any clinical trial of its product candidates, the commercial prospects of Cend’s product candidates will be harmed, and Cend’s ability to generate product revenue from any of these product candidates could be delayed or prevented.

Cend has limited experience as a company in conducting clinical trials.

Cend has limited experience as a company in conducting clinical trials. In part because of this lack of experience, Cend cannot be certain that its ongoing preclinical and clinical studies will be completed on time or if the planned preclinical studies and clinical trials will begin or be completed on time, if at all. Large-scale clinical trials would require significant additional financial and management resources and reliance on third-party clinical investigators, contract research organizations, or CROs, and consultants. Relying on third-party clinical investigators, CROs and consultants may force Cend to encounter delays that are outside of its control. Cend may be unable to identify and contract with sufficient investigators, CROs and consultants on a timely basis or at all. There can be no assurance that Cend will be able to negotiate and enter into any additional master services agreement with other CROs, as necessary, on terms that are acceptable to Cend on a timely basis or at all.

Cend’s non-clinical studies and clinical trials may fail to demonstrate adequately the safety, potency, purity and efficacy of any of its product candidates, which would prevent or delay development, regulatory approval and commercialization.

Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial license or sale of Cend’s product candidates, including CEND-1, Cend must demonstrate through lengthy, complex and expensive preclinical studies and clinical trials that its product candidates are both safe and effective for use in each target indication. Preclinical and clinical testing is expensive and can take many years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Failure can occur at any time during the preclinical study and clinical trial processes, and, because Cend’s product candidates are in an early stage of development, there is a high risk of failure and Cend may never succeed in developing marketable products.

The results of preclinical studies and early clinical trials of Cend’s product candidates may not be predictive of the results of later-stage clinical trials. Although product candidates may demonstrate promising results in preclinical studies and early clinical trials, they may not prove to be effective in subsequent clinical trials. For example, testing on animals occurs under different conditions than testing in humans and therefore the results of animal studies may not accurately predict human experience. There is typically an extremely high rate of attrition from the failure of product candidates proceeding through preclinical studies and clinical trials. Product candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety, potency, purity and efficacy profile despite having progressed through preclinical studies and initial clinical trials. Likewise, early, smaller-scale clinical trials may not be predictive of eventual safety or effectiveness in large-scale pivotal clinical trials. A number of companies in the pharmaceutical industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials due to lack of potency or efficacy, insufficient durability of potency or efficacy or unacceptable safety issues, notwithstanding promising results in earlier trials. Most product candidates that commence preclinical studies and clinical trials are never approved as products.

Any preclinical studies or clinical trials that Cend may conduct may not demonstrate the safety, potency, purity and efficacy necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market Cend’s product candidates. If the results of Cend’s

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ongoing or future preclinical studies and clinical trials are inconclusive with respect to the safety, potency, purity and efficacy of its product candidates, if Cend does not meet the clinical endpoints with statistical and clinically meaningful significance, or if there are safety concerns associated with Cend’s product candidates, Cend may be prevented or delayed in obtaining marketing approval for such product candidates. In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety, potency, purity or efficacy results between different preclinical studies and clinical trials of the same product candidate due to numerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherence to the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. As is the case with all oncology drugs, it is likely that there may be side effects associated with their use. Results of Cend’s trials could reveal a high and unacceptable severity and prevalence of these or other side effects. In such an event, Cend’s trials could be suspended or terminated and the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities could order us to cease further development of or deny approval of Cend’s product candidates for any or all targeted indications. Drug-related side effects could also affect patient recruitment or the ability of enrolled patients to complete the trial or result in potential product liability claims. Any of these occurrences may harm Cend’s business, financial condition and prospects significantly.

Cend may not be able to file INDs or IND amendments to commence additional clinical trials on the timelines it expects, and even if Cend is able to, the FDA may not permit it to proceed.

Cend submitted an IND for CEND-1 on April 14, 2021, which was allowed by the FDA on May 14, 2021 but Cend may not be able to file INDs for its other product candidates on the timelines it expects. For example, Cend may experience manufacturing delays or other delays with IND-enabling studies. Moreover, Cend cannot be sure that submission of an IND will result in the FDA allowing further clinical trials to begin, or that, once begun, issues will not arise that suspend or terminate clinical trials. Additionally, even if such regulatory authorities agree with the design and implementation of the clinical trials set forth in an IND, Cend cannot guarantee that such regulatory authorities will not change their requirements in the future. These considerations also apply to new clinical trials Cend may submit as amendments to existing INDs or to a new IND. Any failure to file INDs on the timelines Cend expects or to obtain regulatory approvals for Cend’s trials may prevent Cend from completing its clinical trials or commercializing its products on a timely basis, if at all.

Since the number of patients that Cend plans to dose in its Phase 2b clinical trial of CEND-1 is small, the results from such a clinical trial, once completed, may be less reliable than results achieved in larger clinical trials, which may hinder Cend’s efforts to obtain regulatory approval for its product candidates.

In the current, ongoing Phase 2b clinical trial of CEND-1, Cend is evaluating the safety and anti-tumor activity profile of CEND-1 at the recommended Phase 2b dose in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer. The Phase 2b portion of the trial is expected to enroll up to 125 patients. The Phase 2b portion may have to evaluate different dosing schedules if the pharmacokinetic or safety data suggest once daily dosing is suboptimal. The preliminary results of clinical trials with smaller sample sizes, such as Cend’s previous Phase 1b clinical trial of CEND-1, can be disproportionately influenced by various biases associated with the conduct of small clinical trials, such as the potential failure of the smaller sample size to accurately depict the features of the broader patient population, which limits the ability to generalize the results across a broader community, thus making the clinical trial results less reliable than clinical trials with a larger number of patients. As a result, there may be less certainty that such product candidates would achieve a statistically significant effect in any future clinical trials. If Cend conducts any future clinical trials of CEND-1, it may not achieve a statistically significant result or the same level of statistical significance, if any, that it might have anticipated based on the results observed in Cend’s initial clinical trial.

Further, clinical trials by their nature utilize a sample of the potential patient population. With a limited number of patients and limited duration of exposure, rare and severe side effects of Cend’s product candidates may only be uncovered with a significantly larger number of patients exposed to the drug candidate. If Cend’s product candidates receive marketing approval and Cend or others identify undesirable side effects caused by such product candidates (or any other similar drugs) after such approval, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result, including:

•	regulatory authorities may withdraw or limit their approval of such product candidates;

•	regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “boxed” warning or a contraindication;

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•	Cend may be required to change the way such product candidates are distributed or administered, conduct additional clinical trials or change the labeling of the product candidates;

•	regulatory authorities may require a REMS plan to mitigate risks, which could include medication guides, physician communication plans, or elements to assure safe use, such as restricted distribution methods, patient registries and other risk minimization tools;

•	Cend may be subject to regulatory investigations and government enforcement actions;

•	Cend may decide to remove such product candidates from the marketplace;

•	Cend could be sued and held liable for injury caused to individuals exposed to or taking its product candidates; and

•	Cend’s reputation may suffer.

Cend believes that any of these events could prevent it from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the affected product candidates and could substantially increase the costs of commercializing Cend’s product candidates, if approved, and significantly impact Cend’s ability to successfully commercialize its product candidates and generate revenues.

Clinical development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome, and results of earlier studies and trials may not be predictive of future clinical trial results. Cend may encounter substantial delays in clinical trials, or may not be able to conduct or complete clinical trials on the expected timelines, if at all. If Cend’s preclinical studies and clinical trials are not sufficient to support regulatory approval of any of its product candidates, it may incur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development of such product candidate.

Cend’s lead product candidate is in clinical studies, and additional product candidates are at earlier stages of development, and their risk of failure is high. It is impossible to predict when or if any of Cend’s product candidates will prove effective and safe in humans or will receive regulatory approval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any drug candidate, Cend must complete preclinical studies and then conduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of its product candidates in humans. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The outcome of preclinical development testing and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial do not necessarily predict final results. Moreover, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations and analyses, and many companies that have believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtain marketing approval of their product candidates. Cend’s preclinical studies and future clinical trials may not be successful.

Cend cannot be certain that its non-clinical study and clinical trial results will be sufficient to support regulatory approval of its product candidates. Clinical testing is expensive and can take many years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Human clinical trials are expensive and difficult to design and implement, in part because they are subject to rigorous regulatory requirements. Failure or delay can occur at any time during the clinical trial process.

Additionally, some of the clinical trials Cend conducts may be open-label in study design and may be conducted at a limited number of clinical sites on a limited number of patients. An “open-label” clinical trial is one where both the patient and investigator know whether the patient is receiving the investigational product candidate or either an existing approved drug or placebo. Most typically, open-label clinical trials test only the investigational product candidate and sometimes may do so at different dose levels. Open-label clinical trials are subject to various limitations that may exaggerate any therapeutic effect as patients in open-label clinical trials are aware when they are receiving treatment. Open-label clinical trials may be subject to a “patient bias” where patients perceive their symptoms to have improved merely due to their awareness of receiving an experimental treatment. Moreover, patients selected for early clinical studies often include the most severe sufferers and their symptoms may have been bound to improve notwithstanding the new treatment. In addition, open-label clinical trials may be subject to an “investigator bias” where those assessing and reviewing the physiological outcomes of the clinical trials are aware of which patients have received treatment and may interpret the information of the treated group more favorably given this knowledge. Cend’s Phase 2b and additional later stage clinical trials are planned to be conducted as controlled, blinded studies.

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Cend may experience delays in obtaining the FDA’s authorization to initiate clinical trials under future INDs, completing ongoing preclinical studies of Cend’s other product candidates, and initiating Cend’s planned preclinical studies and clinical trials. Additionally, Cend cannot be certain that non-clinical studies or clinical trials for its product candidates will begin on time, not require redesign, enroll an adequate number of subjects on time, or be completed on schedule, if at all.

Clinical trials can be delayed or terminated for a variety of reasons, including delays or failures related to:

•	the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities disagreeing as to the design or implementation of Cend’s clinical trials;

•	the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities disagreeing with Cend’s tumor-agnostic development strategy;

•	delays in obtaining regulatory approval to commence a clinical trial;

•	reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective CROs and clinical trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and clinical trial sites;

•	obtaining IRB approval at each clinical trial site;

•	recruiting an adequate number of suitable patients to participate in a clinical trial;

•	the number of patients required for clinical trials of Cend’s product candidates may be larger than it anticipates;

•	having subjects complete a clinical trial or return for post-treatment follow-up;

•	clinical trial sites deviating from clinical trial protocol or dropping out of a clinical trial;

•	addressing subject safety concerns that arise during the course of a clinical trial;

•	adding a sufficient number of clinical trial sites; or

•	obtaining sufficient product supply of product candidate for use in non-clinical studies or clinical trials from third-party suppliers.

Cend may experience numerous adverse or unforeseen events during, or as a result of, preclinical studies and clinical trials that could delay or prevent Cend’s ability to receive marketing approval or commercialize Cend’s product candidates, including:

•	Cend may receive feedback from regulatory authorities that requires it to modify the design of its clinical trials;

•	clinical trials of Cend’s product candidates may produce negative or inconclusive results, and Cend may decide, or regulators may require it, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon its research efforts for its other product candidates;

•	clinical trials of Cend’s product candidates may not produce differentiated or clinically significant results across tumor types or indications;

•	the number of patients required for clinical trials of Cend’s product candidates may be larger than it anticipates, enrollment in these clinical trials may be slower than it anticipates or participants may drop out of its clinical trials at a higher rate than it anticipates;

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Cend’s third-party contractors may fail to comply with regulatory requirements, fail to maintain adequate quality controls or be unable to provide it with sufficient product supply to conduct and complete preclinical studies or clinical trials of Cend’s product candidates in a timely manner, or at all;

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Cend or its investigators might have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of Cend’s product candidates for various reasons, including non-compliance with regulatory requirements, a finding that Cend’s product candidates have undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics or a finding that the participants are being exposed to unacceptable health risks;

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the cost of clinical trials of Cend’s product candidates may be greater than it anticipates, for example, if it experiences delays or challenges in identifying patients with the mutations required for its clinical trials, it may have to reimburse sites for genetic sequencing costs in order to encourage sequencing of additional patients;

•	the quality of Cend’s product candidates or other materials necessary to conduct preclinical studies or clinical trials of Cend’s product candidates may be insufficient or inadequate, and any transfer of manufacturing activities may require unforeseen manufacturing or formulation changes;

•	regulators may revise the requirements for approving Cend’s product candidates, or such requirements may not be as it anticipates; and

•	future collaborators may conduct clinical trials in ways they view as advantageous to them but that are suboptimal for Cend.

If Cend is required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testing of Cend’s product candidates beyond those that it currently contemplates, if Cend is unable to successfully complete clinical trials of Cend’s product candidates or other testing, if the results of these trials or tests are not positive or are only moderately positive or if there are safety concerns, Cend’s business and results of operations may be adversely affected and it may incur significant additional costs.

Cend could also encounter delays if a clinical trial is suspended or terminated by it, by the IRBs of the institutions in which such clinical trials are being conducted, by the Data Safety Monitoring Board, if any, for such clinical trial or by the FDA or other regulatory authorities. Such authorities may suspend or terminate a clinical trial due to a number of factors, including failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements or Cend’s clinical trial protocols, inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial site by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold, unforeseen safety issues or adverse side effects, failure to demonstrate a benefit from the product candidates, changes in governmental regulations or administrative actions or lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial.

Moreover, principal investigators for Cend’s future clinical trials may serve as scientific advisors or consultants to us from time to time and receive compensation in connection with such services. Under certain circumstances, Cend may be required to report some of these relationships to the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities. The FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authority may conclude that a financial relationship between Cend and a principal investigator has created a conflict of interest or otherwise affected interpretation of the study. The FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authority may therefore question the integrity of the data generated at the applicable clinical trial site and the utility of the clinical trial itself may be jeopardized. This could result in a delay in approval, or rejection, of Cend’s marketing applications by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authority, as the case may be, and may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of one or more of Cend’s product candidates.

If Cend experiences delays in the completion, or termination, of any preclinical study or clinical trial of Cend’s product candidates, the commercial prospects of Cend’s product candidates may be harmed, and Cend’s ability to generate revenues from any of these product candidates will be delayed or not realized at all. In addition, any delays in completing Cend’s preclinical studies or clinical trials may increase its costs, slow down its product candidate development and approval process and jeopardize its ability to commence product sales and generate revenues. Any of these occurrences may significantly harm Cend’s business, financial condition and prospects. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of Cend’s product candidates. If one or more of Cend’s product candidates generally prove to be ineffective, unsafe or commercially unviable, Cend’s entire pipeline could have little, if any, value, which would have a material and adverse effect on Cend’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Cend and its partners are conducting clinical trials for product candidates outside the United States, and the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities may not accept data from such trials.

Cend may in the future choose to conduct one or more clinical trials outside the United States, including in Australia or Europe. The acceptance of study data from clinical trials conducted outside the United States or another jurisdiction by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authority may be subject to certain conditions or may not be accepted at all. In cases where data from foreign clinical trials are intended to serve as the basis

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for marketing approval in the United States, the FDA will generally not approve the application on the basis of foreign data alone unless (i) the data are applicable to the U.S. population and U.S. medical practice; and (ii) the trials were performed by clinical investigators of recognized competence and pursuant to GCP regulations. Additionally, the FDA’s clinical trial requirements, including sufficient size of patient populations and statistical powering, must be met. Many foreign regulatory authorities have similar approval requirements. In addition, such foreign trials would be subject to the applicable local laws of the foreign jurisdictions where the trials are conducted. There can be no assurance that the FDA or any comparable foreign regulatory authority will accept data from trials conducted outside of the United States or the applicable jurisdiction. If the FDA or any comparable foreign regulatory authority does not accept such data, it would result in the need for additional trials, which could be costly and time-consuming, and which may result in product candidates that Cend may develop not receiving approval for commercialization in the applicable jurisdiction.

Risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic

Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm Cend’s development efforts and increase its costs and expenses.

Broad-based business or economic disruptions could adversely affect Cend’s ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, in December 2019, an outbreak of a novel strain of a virus named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), or coronavirus, which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to other regions and countries worldwide. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. Almost all U.S. states and many local jurisdictions issued “shelter-in-place” orders, quarantines, executive orders and similar government orders, restrictions, and recommendations for their residents to control the spread of COVID-19. Such orders, restrictions and recommendations, and the perception that additional orders, restrictions or recommendations could occur, resulted in widespread closures of businesses not deemed “essential,” work stoppages, slowdowns and delays, work-from-home policies, travel restrictions and cancellation of events, as well as volatility in stock prices, among other effects. There is a risk that government actions will not be effective at containing such infectious diseases, and that government actions will have a negative impact on the world economy at large, in which case the risks to Cend’s operating results and financial condition described herein would be elevated significantly.

The continued spread of COVID-19 or other global health matters, has impacted and may continue to impact Cend’s target patient populations as well as the hospitals and clinical sites in which Cend conducts any of its clinical trials, which could lead to delays in completing enrollment of Cend’s clinical trials. For instance, the COVID-19 outbreak may continue to impair Cend’s ability to recruit and retain patients and engage principal investigators and site staff who, as healthcare providers, may have heightened exposure to COVID-19 if an outbreak occurs in their geography or due to prioritization of hospital resources toward the outbreak and restrictions on travel. Furthermore, some patients may be unwilling to enroll in Cend’s trials or be unable to comply with clinical trial protocols if quarantines or travel restrictions impede patient movement or interrupt healthcare services. COVID-19 already has affected and may further negatively affect the operations of third party contract research organizations that Cend relies upon to carry out its discovery work, clinical trials or the operations of its third party manufacturers, which could result in delays or disruptions in the supply of Cend’s product candidates and the conduct of experiments and studies. Any negative impact COVID-19 has to patient enrollment or treatment or the timing and execution of Cend’s preclinical studies or clinical trials could cause costly delays to Cend’s development programs, which could adversely affect Cend’s ability to obtain regulatory approval for and to commercialize Cend’s product candidates, increase Cend’s operating expenses and have a material adverse effect on Cend’s business and financial results. COVID-19 has also caused, and may continue to cause for an extended period, volatility in the global financial markets and threatened a slowdown in the global economy, which would reduce Cend’s ability to access capital and could negatively affect its liquidity.

Although states have, in the past, implemented “shelter-in-place” orders, quarantines and similar restrictions, the regulations vary on a state by state basis and the effectiveness of those restrictions on controlling the spread of COVID-19 varies. Cend’s office-based employees continue to work primarily from hybrid and Cend expects this to continue for an extended period. Furthermore, resurgence of COVID-19 cases could possibly prompt a reinstatement of certain “shelter-in-place” orders and restrictions at the state and local levels, impacting Cend’s reentry to the workplace and causing hospital and clinical sites to suspend Cend’s clinical trials or deterring patients from continuing to participate in Cend’s trials.

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Risks related to manufacturing and supply

Cend will rely on third parties to manufacture its clinical product supplies, and it may rely on third parties to produce and process its product candidates, if approved.

Cend does not currently own any facility that may be used as its clinical scale manufacturing facility and expects to rely on outside vendors to manufacture supplies of its product candidates. Cend will need to negotiate and maintain contractual arrangements with these outside vendors for the supply of its product candidates and Cend may not be able to do so on favorable terms. Cend has not yet caused any product candidates to be manufactured on a commercial scale and may not be able to do so for any of its product candidates.

The facilities used by Cend’s contract manufacturers to manufacture its product candidates must be approved by the FDA or other foreign regulatory authorities following inspections that will be conducted after Cend submits an application to the FDA or other foreign regulatory authorities. Cend may not control the manufacturing process of, and may be completely dependent on, Cend’s contract manufacturing partners for compliance with cGMPs and any other regulatory requirements of the FDA or other regulatory authorities for the manufacture of its product candidates. Beyond periodic audits, Cend has no control over the ability of its contract manufacturers to maintain adequate quality control, quality assurance and qualified personnel. If the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority does not approve these facilities for the manufacture of Cend’s product candidates or if it withdraws any approval in the future, Cend may need to find alternative manufacturing facilities, which would require the incurrence of significant additional costs and significantly impact its ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval for or market its product candidates, if approved. Similarly, if any third-party manufacturers on which Cend will rely fail to manufacture quantities of its product candidates at quality levels necessary to meet regulatory requirements and at a scale sufficient to meet anticipated demand at a cost that allows Cend to achieve profitability, Cend’s business, financial condition and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

Manufacturing Cend’s product candidates is complex and it may encounter difficulties in production. If Cend encounters such difficulties, its ability to provide supply of its product candidates for preclinical studies and clinical trials or for commercial purposes could be delayed or stopped.

The process of manufacturing of Cend’s product candidates is complex and highly regulated.

Cend relies on third parties for the manufacture of its product candidates. These third-party manufacturers may incorporate their own proprietary processes into Cend’s product candidate manufacturing processes. Cend has limited control and oversight of a third party’s proprietary process, and a third party may elect to modify its process without Cend’s consent or knowledge. These modifications could negatively impact Cend’s manufacturing, including product loss or failure that requires additional manufacturing runs or a change in manufacturer, both of which could significantly increase the cost of and significantly delay the manufacture of Cend’s product candidates.

As Cend’s product candidates progress through preclinical studies and clinical trials toward approval and commercialization, it is expected that various aspects of the manufacturing process will be altered in an effort to optimize processes and results. Such changes may require amendments to be made to regulatory applications which may further delay the timeframes under which modified manufacturing processes can be used for any of Cend’s product candidates and additional bridging studies or trials may be required.

Cend does not have its own clinical-scale manufacturing facility and is currently reliant on a limited number of manufacturers for its product candidates. These third-party manufacturing providers may not be able to provide adequate resources or capacity to meet Cend’s needs.

Risks related to sales, marketing, and competition

Cend currently has no marketing and sales organization and has no experience in marketing products. If Cend is unable to establish marketing and sales capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell its product candidates, if approved, it may not be able to generate product revenue.

Cend currently has no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and has no experience in marketing products. Cend intends to develop an in-house marketing organization and sales force, which will require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time. Cend will have to compete with other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.

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If Cend is unable or decides not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, it will pursue arrangements with third-party sales, marketing, and distribution collaborators regarding the sales and marketing of its products, if approved. However, there can be no assurance that Cend will be able to establish or maintain such arrangements on favorable terms or if at all, or if Cend is able to do so, that these third-party arrangements will provide effective sales forces or marketing and distribution capabilities. Any revenue Cend receives will depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may not be successful. Cend may have little or no control over the marketing and sales efforts of such third parties and its revenue from product sales may be lower than if Cend had commercialized its product candidates itself. Cend also faces competition in its search for third parties to assist it with the sales and marketing efforts of its product candidates.

There can be no assurance that Cend will be able to develop in-house sales and distribution capabilities or establish or maintain relationships with third-party collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.

A variety of risks associated with marketing Cend’s product candidates internationally could materially adversely affect its business.

Cend and its partners plan to seek regulatory approval of Cend’s product candidates outside of the United States and, accordingly, Cend expects that it will be subject to additional risks related to operating in foreign countries if it obtains the necessary approvals, including:

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differing regulatory requirements in foreign countries, for example, no country other than the United States has a pathway for accelerated drug approval and so obtaining regulatory approvals outside of the United States will take longer and be more costly than obtaining approval in the United States;

•	unexpected changes in tariffs, trade barriers, price and exchange controls and other regulatory requirements;

•	economic weakness, including inflation, or political instability in particular foreign economies and markets;

•	compliance with tax, employment, immigration and labor laws for employees living or traveling abroad;

•	foreign taxes, including withholding of payroll taxes;

•	foreign currency fluctuations, which could result in increased operating expenses and reduced revenue, and other obligations incident to doing business in another country;

•	difficulties staffing and managing foreign operations;

•	workforce uncertainty in countries where labor unrest is more common than in the United States;

•	potential liability under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 or comparable foreign regulations;

•	challenges enforcing Cend’s contractual and intellectual property rights, especially in those foreign countries that do not respect and protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the United States;

•	production shortages resulting from any events affecting raw material supply or manufacturing capabilities abroad; and

•	business interruptions resulting from geo-political actions, including war and terrorism.

These and other risks associated with international operations may materially adversely affect Cend’s ability to attain or maintain profitable operations.

Even if Cend obtains regulatory approval of its product candidates, the products may not gain market acceptance among physicians, patients, hospitals, cancer treatment centers and others in the medical community.

The use of Cend’s product candidates as a potential cancer treatment is a recent development and may not become broadly accepted by physicians, patients, hospitals, cancer treatment centers and others in the medical community. Various factors will influence whether Cend’s product candidates are accepted in the market, including:

•	the clinical indications for which Cend’s product candidates are licensed;

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•	physicians, hospitals, cancer treatment centers and patients considering Cend’s product candidates as a safe and effective treatment;

•	the potential and perceived advantages of Cend’s product candidates over alternative treatments;

•	Cend’s ability to demonstrate the advantages of its product candidates over other cancer medicines;

•	the prevalence and severity of any side effects;

•	the prevalence and severity of any side effects for other precision medicines and public perception of other precision medicines;

•	product labeling or product insert requirements of the FDA or other regulatory authorities;

•	limitations or warnings contained in the labeling approved by the FDA;

•	the timing of market introduction of Cend’s product candidates as well as competitive products;

•	the cost of treatment in relation to alternative treatments;

•	the availability of adequate coverage, reimbursement and pricing by third-party payors and government authorities;

•	the willingness of patients to pay out-of-pocket in the absence of coverage by third-party payors and government authorities;

•	relative convenience and ease of administration, including as compared to alternative treatments and competitive therapies; and

•	the effectiveness of Cend’s sales and marketing efforts.

If Cend’s product candidates are licensed but fail to achieve market acceptance among physicians, patients, hospitals, cancer treatment centers or others in the medical community, Cend will not be able to generate significant revenue.

In addition, although Cend’s product candidates differ in certain ways from other approaches, serious adverse events or deaths in other clinical trials involving precision medicines, even if not ultimately attributable to Cend’s product or product candidates, could result in increased government regulation, unfavorable public perception and publicity, potential regulatory delays in the testing or licensing of Cend’s product candidates, stricter labeling requirements for those product candidates that are licensed, and a decrease in demand for any such product candidates.

Even if Cend’s products achieve market acceptance, it may not be able to maintain that market acceptance over time if new products or technologies are introduced that are more favorably received than its products, are more cost effective or render its products obsolete.

Cend faces substantial competition, which may result in others discovering, developing or commercializing products before or more successfully than it does.

The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries utilize rapidly advancing technologies and are characterized by intense competition. While Cend believes that its scientific knowledge, technology and development expertise provide it with competitive advantages, it faces potential competition from many different sources, including major pharmaceuticals, specialty pharmaceuticals and biotechnology companies, academic institutions and government agencies, and public and private research institutes that conduct research, development, manufacturing and commercialization. Many of Cend’s competitors have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in research and development, manufacturing, preclinical testing, regulatory approvals and product marketing than it does. Cend’s competitors may compete with it in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel and establishing clinical trial sites and patient registration for clinical trials, as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to, or necessary for, Cend’s programs. As a result, Cend’s competitors may discover, develop, license or commercialize products before or more successfully than it does.

Product candidates that Cend successfully develops and commercializes may compete with existing therapies and new therapies that may become available in the future. Specifically, other EnduRx and potentially other companies are conducting pre-clinical research with an alternative integrin-targeted peptides.

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If Cend’s drug candidates are approved for the indications for which Cend is currently planning clinical trials, they will likely compete with existing drugs and other drugs that are currently in development. Key product features that would affect Cend’s ability to effectively compete with other therapeutics include the efficacy, safety and convenience of its products. Cend’s competitors may obtain patent protection or other intellectual property rights that limit its ability to develop or commercialize its product candidates. The availability of reimbursement from government and other third-party payors will also significantly affect the pricing and competitiveness of Cend’s products. Cend’s competitors may also obtain FDA or other regulatory approval for their products more rapidly than Cend may obtain approval for its products, which could result in Cend’s competitors establishing a strong market position before Cend is able to enter the market. For additional information regarding Cend’s competition, see “Business—Competition.”

Risks related to Cend’s financial position and capital requirements

Cend’s limited operating history may make it difficult for you to evaluate the success of Cend’s business to date and to assess Cend’s future viability.

Cend is a drug discovery and development company with a limited operating history. Cend commenced operations in October 2015, and its operations to date have been limited to organizing and staffing its company, business planning, raising capital, conducting discovery and research activities, filing patent applications, identifying potential product candidates, undertaking preclinical studies and establishing arrangements with third parties for the manufacture of initial quantities of its product candidates and component materials. CEND-1 is currently the subject of Phase 2b clinical studies. Cend has not fully demonstrated its ability to successfully conduct or complete clinical trials, obtain marketing approvals, manufacture a commercial-scale product or arrange for a third party to do so on its behalf, or conduct sales, marketing and distribution activities necessary for successful product commercialization. Consequently, any predictions you make about Cend’s future success or viability may not be as accurate as they could be if Cend had a longer operating history.

In addition, as a young business, Cend may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other known and unknown factors. Cend will need to transition at some point from a company with a research and development focus to a company capable of supporting commercial activities. Cend may not be successful in such a transition.

Cend has incurred significant losses since inception, and it expects to incur losses over the next several years and may not be able to achieve or sustain revenues or profitability in the future.

Investment in pharmaceutical product development is a highly speculative undertaking and entails substantial upfront capital expenditures and significant risk that any potential product candidate will fail to demonstrate adequate efficacy or an acceptable safety profile, gain regulatory approval and become commercially viable. Cend is still in the early stages of development of its product candidates. CEND-1 is currently the subject of clinical Phase 2b studies. Cend has no products approved for commercial sale and has not generated any revenue from product sales to date, and Cend continues to incur significant research and development and other expenses related to its ongoing operations. Cend has financed its operations primarily through private placements of its preferred stock and its one outbound license relationship. There can be no assurance Cend will be successful at future fund-raising efforts.

Cend has incurred significant net losses in each period since it commenced operations, aside from the year ended December 31, 2021, as a result of a one-time license payment and a milestone payment from the Exclusive License and Collaboration Agreement with Qilu. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, Cend reported a net loss of $8.7 million and $3.7 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, Cend had an accumulated deficit of $10.2 million. Cend expects to continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future, and it expects these losses to increase substantially if and as it:

•	continues its research and development efforts and submits INDs for its lead product candidates;

•	conducts preclinical studies and clinical trials for its current and future product candidates

•	seeks marketing approvals for any product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials;

•	experiences any delays or encounter any issues with any of the above, including but not limited to failed studies, complex results, safety issues or other regulatory challenges;

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•	establishes a sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure and scale-up manufacturing capabilities, whether alone or with third parties, to commercialize any product candidates for which it may obtain regulatory approval, if any;

•	obtains, expands, maintains, enforces and protects its intellectual property portfolio; and

•	hires additional clinical, regulatory and scientific personnel.

Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with pharmaceutical product development, Cend is unable to accurately predict the timing or amount of increased expenses it will incur or when, if ever, it will be able to achieve profitability. Even if Cend succeeds in commercializing one or more of its product candidates, Cend will continue to incur substantial research and development and other expenditures to develop, seek regulatory approval for and market additional product candidates. Cend may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect its business. The size of Cend’s future net losses will depend, in part, on the rate of future growth of its expenses and its ability to generate revenue. Cend’s prior losses and expected future losses have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on its stockholders’ equity and working capital.

Risks related to government regulation

Cend’s clinical trials may fail to demonstrate adequately the safety and efficacy of any of its product candidates, which would prevent or delay regulatory approval and commercialization.

To obtain the requisite regulatory approvals to market and sell any of its product candidates, including CEND-1 and any other future product candidates, Cend must demonstrate through extensive preclinical studies and clinical trials that its products are safe and effective in humans. Cend’s product candidates may fail to demonstrate efficacy in humans, and particularly across tumor types. Clinical testing is expensive and can take many years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Failure can occur at any time during the clinical trial process and Cend’s future clinical trial results may not be successful. Further, the process of obtaining regulatory approval is expensive, often takes many years following the commencement of clinical trials and can vary substantially based upon the type, complexity and novelty of the product candidates involved, as well as the target indications, patient population and regulatory agency. Prior to obtaining approval to commercialize a product candidate in the United States or abroad, Cend or its potential future collaborators must demonstrate with substantial evidence from adequate and well-controlled clinical trials, and to the satisfaction of the FDA, the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) or other comparable foreign regulatory authorities, that such product candidates are safe and effective for their intended uses.

Clinical trials that Cend conducts may not demonstrate the efficacy and safety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market Cend’s product candidates. In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due to numerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherence to the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. If the results of Cend’s ongoing or future clinical trials are inconclusive with respect to the efficacy of Cend’s product candidates, if Cend does not meet the clinical endpoints with statistical and clinically meaningful significance, or if there are safety concerns associated with Cend’s product candidates, Cend may be delayed in obtaining marketing approval, if at all.

Even if the trials are successfully completed, clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations and analyses, and Cend cannot guarantee that the FDA, or other comparable foreign regulatory authorities will interpret the results as Cend does, and more trials could be required before Cend submits its product candidates for approval. Cend cannot guarantee that the FDA, or other comparable foreign regulatory authorities will view its product candidates as having sufficient efficacy to support a tumor-agnostic indication even if positive results are observed in clinical trials. To the extent that the results of the trials are not satisfactory to the FDA, the EMA or other comparable foreign regulatory authorities for support of a marketing application, approval of Cend’s product candidates may be significantly delayed, or Cend may be required to expend significant additional resources, which may not be available to Cend, to conduct additional trials in support of potential approval of Cend’s product candidates. Additionally, any safety or efficacy concerns observed in any tumor-specific subgroup of Cend’s clinical trials could limit the prospects for regulatory approval of its product candidates for a tumor-agnostic indication, which could have a material adverse effect on Cend’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

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A Breakthrough Therapy designation by the FDA, even if granted for any of Cend’s product candidates, may not lead to a faster development or regulatory review or approval process and it does not increase the likelihood that Cend’s product candidates will receive marketing approval.

Cend may seek Breakthrough Therapy designation for CEND-1 and some or all of its future product candidates. A breakthrough therapy is defined as a drug or biologic that is intended, alone or in combination with one or more other drugs or biologics, to treat a serious or life-threatening disease or condition and preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the drug or biologic may demonstrate substantial improvement over existing therapies on one or more clinically significant endpoints, such as substantial treatment effects observed early in clinical development. For product candidates that have been designated as breakthrough therapies, interaction and communication between the FDA and the sponsor of the trial can help to identify the most efficient path for clinical development while minimizing the number of patients placed in ineffective control regimens. Drugs designated as breakthrough therapies by the FDA may also be eligible for other expedited approval programs, including accelerated approval.

Designation as a breakthrough therapy is within the discretion of the FDA. Accordingly, even if Cend believes one of its product candidates meets the criteria for designation as a breakthrough therapy, the FDA may disagree and instead determine not to make such designation. In any event, the receipt of a Breakthrough Therapy designation for a product candidate may not result in a faster development process, review or approval compared to candidate products considered for approval under non-expedited FDA review procedures and does not assure ultimate approval by the FDA. In addition, even if one or more of Cend’s product candidates qualify as breakthrough therapies, the FDA may later decide that the product no longer meets the conditions for qualification. Thus, even though Cend intends to seek Breakthrough Therapy designation for CEND-1 and some or all of its future product candidates for the treatment of various cancers, there can be no assurance that it will receive breakthrough therapy designation.

A Fast Track designation by the FDA may not lead to a faster development or regulatory review or approval process, and does not increase the likelihood that Cend’s product candidates will receive marketing approval.

If a drug is intended for the treatment of a serious or life-threatening condition and the drug demonstrates the potential to address unmet medical needs for this condition, the drug sponsor may apply for FDA Fast Track designation for a particular indication. Cend has been granted Fast Track designation for CEND-1 for pancreatic cancer. Cend may seek Fast Track designation for other indications or for certain of Cend’s future product candidates, but there is no assurance that the FDA will grant this status to any of Cend’s other proposed product candidates. Marketing applications filed by sponsors of products in Fast Track development may qualify for priority review under the policies and procedures offered by the FDA, but the Fast Track designation does not assure any such qualification or ultimate marketing approval by the FDA. The FDA has broad discretion whether or not to grant Fast Track designation, so even if Cend believes a particular product candidate is eligible for this designation, there can be no assurance that the FDA would decide to grant it. Even if Cend does receive Fast Track designation, it may not experience a faster development process, review or approval compared to conventional FDA procedures, and receiving a Fast Track designation does not provide assurance of ultimate FDA approval. In addition, the FDA may withdraw Fast Track designation if it believes that the designation is no longer supported by data from Cend’s clinical development program. In addition, the FDA may withdraw any Fast Track designation at any time.

Accelerated approval by the FDA, even if granted for CEND-1 or any other future product candidates, may not lead to a faster development or regulatory review or approval process and it does not increase the likelihood that Cend’s product candidates will receive marketing approval.

Cend plans to seek approval of CEND-1 and may seek approval of future product candidates using the FDA’s accelerated approval pathway. A product may be eligible for accelerated approval if it treats a serious or life-threatening condition and generally provides a meaningful advantage over available therapies. In addition, it must demonstrate an effect on a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. As a condition of approval, the FDA may require that a sponsor of a drug receiving accelerated approval perform adequate and well-controlled post-marketing clinical trials. These confirmatory trials must be completed with due diligence. In addition, the FDA currently requires as a condition for accelerated approval pre-approval of promotional materials, which could adversely impact the timing of the commercial launch of the product. Even if Cend does receive accelerated approval, it may not experience a faster development or regulatory review or approval process, and receiving accelerated approval does not provide assurance of ultimate full FDA approval.

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Obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of Cend’s product candidates in one jurisdiction does not mean that it will be successful in obtaining regulatory approval of its product candidates in other jurisdictions.

Obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of Cend’s product candidates in one jurisdiction does not guarantee that it will be able to obtain or maintain regulatory approval in any other jurisdiction, while a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one jurisdiction may have a negative effect on the regulatory approval process in others. For example, even if the FDA grants marketing approval of a product candidate, comparable regulatory authorities in foreign jurisdictions must also approve the manufacturing, marketing and promotion of the product candidate in those countries. Approval procedures vary among jurisdictions and can involve requirements and administrative review periods different from, and greater than, those in the United States, including additional non-clinical studies or clinical trials as clinical trials conducted in one jurisdiction may not be accepted by regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions. In many jurisdictions outside the United States, a product candidate must be approved for reimbursement before it can be approved for sale in that jurisdiction. In some cases, the price that Cend intends to charge for its products is also subject to approval.

Cend may also submit marketing applications in other countries. Regulatory authorities in jurisdictions outside of the United States have requirements for approval of product candidates with which Cend must comply prior to marketing in those jurisdictions. Obtaining foreign regulatory approvals and compliance with foreign regulatory requirements could result in significant delays, difficulties and costs for Cend and could delay or prevent the introduction of its products in certain countries. If Cend fails to comply with the regulatory requirements in international markets and/or receive applicable marketing approvals, its target market will be reduced and its ability to realize the full market potential of its product candidates will be harmed.

Risks related to ongoing regulatory obligations

Even if Cend receives regulatory approval of its product candidates, it will be subject to ongoing regulatory obligations and continued regulatory review, which may result in significant additional expense and Cend may be subject to penalties if it fails to comply with regulatory requirements or experience unanticipated problems with its product candidates.

Any regulatory approvals that Cend receives for its product candidates will require surveillance to monitor the safety and efficacy of the product candidate. The FDA may also require a REMS in order to approve Cend’s product candidates, which could entail requirements for a medication guide, physician communication plans or additional elements to ensure safe use, such as restricted distribution methods, patient registries and other risk minimization tools. In addition, if the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority approves Cend’s product candidates, the manufacturing processes, labeling, packaging, distribution, adverse event reporting, storage, advertising, promotion, import, export and recordkeeping for Cend’s product candidates will be subject to extensive and ongoing regulatory requirements. These requirements include submissions of safety and other post-marketing information and reports, registration, as well as continued compliance with applicable cGMP, GLP and GCP requirements, for any clinical trials that Cend conducts post-approval. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with Cend’s product candidates, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with Cend’s third-party manufacturers or manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in, among other things:

•	restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of Cend’s product candidates, withdrawal of the product from the market or voluntary or mandatory product recalls;

•	manufacturing delays and supply disruptions where regulatory inspections identify observations of noncompliance requiring remediation;

•	revisions to the labeling, including limitation on approved uses or the addition of additional warnings, contraindications or other safety information, including boxed warnings;

•	imposition of a REMS, which may include distribution or use restrictions;

•	requirements to conduct additional post-market clinical trials to assess the safety of the product;

•	fines, warning letters or holds on clinical trials;

•	refusal by the FDA to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications filed by Cend or suspension or revocation of approvals;

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•	product seizure or detention, or refusal to permit the import or export of Cend’s product candidates; and

•	injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.

The FDA’s and other regulatory authorities’ policies may change and additional government regulations may be enacted that could prevent, limit or delay regulatory approval of Cend’s product candidates. Cend cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of government regulation that may arise from future legislation or administrative action, either in the United States or abroad. If Cend is slow or unable to adapt to changes in existing requirements or the adoption of new requirements or policies, or if Cend is not able to maintain regulatory compliance, it may lose any marketing approval that it may have obtained and it may not achieve or sustain profitability.

The FDA and other regulatory agencies actively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off-label uses.

If any of Cend’s product candidates are approved and Cend is found to have improperly promoted off-label uses of those products, it may become subject to significant liability. The FDA and other regulatory agencies strictly regulate the promotional claims that may be made about prescription products, if approved. In particular, while the FDA permits the dissemination of truthful and non-misleading information about an approved product, a manufacturer may not promote a product for uses that are not approved by the FDA or such other regulatory agencies as reflected in the product’s approved labeling. If Cend is found to have promoted such off-label uses, it may become subject to significant liability. The federal government has levied large civil and criminal fines against companies for alleged improper promotion of off-label use and has enjoined several companies from engaging in off-label promotion. The FDA has also requested that companies enter into consent decrees, corporate integrity agreements or permanent injunctions under which specified promotional conduct must be changed or curtailed. If Cend cannot successfully manage the promotion of its product candidates, if approved, Cend could become subject to significant liability, which would materially adversely affect its business and financial condition.

The insurance coverage and reimbursement status of newly-approved products is uncertain. Cend’s product candidates may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, third-party coverage and reimbursement practices, or healthcare reform initiatives, which would harm Cend’s business. Failure to obtain or maintain adequate coverage and reimbursement for new or current products could limit Cend’s ability to market those products and decrease its ability to generate revenue.

The regulations that govern marketing approvals, pricing, coverage and reimbursement for new drugs vary widely from country to country. In the United States, recently enacted legislation may significantly change the approval requirements in ways that could involve additional costs and cause delays in obtaining approvals. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. In many countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some foreign markets, prescription pharmaceutical pricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, Cend might obtain marketing approval for a product in a particular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay its commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, and negatively impact the revenue it is able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder Cend’s ability to recoup its investment in one or more product candidates, even if any product candidates it may develop obtain marketing approval.

In the United States and markets in other countries, patients generally rely on third-party payors to reimburse all or part of the costs associated with their treatment. Adequate coverage and reimbursement from governmental healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and commercial payors is critical to new product acceptance. Cend’s ability to successfully commercialize its product candidates will depend in part on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement for these products and related treatments will be available from government health administration authorities, private health insurers and other organizations. Government authorities and other third-party payors, such as private health insurers and health maintenance organizations, decide which medications they will pay for and establish reimbursement levels. The availability of coverage and extent of reimbursement by governmental and private payors is essential for most patients to be able to afford treatments such as gene therapy products. Sales of these or other product candidates that Cend may identify will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of Cend’s product candidates

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will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by government health administration authorities, private health coverage insurers and other third-party payors. If coverage and adequate reimbursement is not available, or is available only to limited levels, Cend may not be able to successfully commercialize its product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approved reimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow Cend to establish or maintain pricing sufficient to realize a sufficient return on its investment.

Reimbursement by a third-party payor may depend upon a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the third-party payor’s determination that use of a product is:

•	a covered benefit under its health plan;

•	safe, effective and medically necessary;

•	appropriate for the specific patient;

•	cost-effective; and

•	neither experimental nor investigational.

A primary trend in the U.S. healthcare industry and elsewhere is cost containment. Government authorities and third-party payors have attempted to control costs by limiting coverage and the amount of reimbursement for particular medications. In many countries, the prices of medical products are subject to varying price control mechanisms as part of national health systems. In general, the prices of medicines under such systems are substantially lower than in the United States. Other countries allow companies to fix their own prices for medicines, but monitor and control company profits. Additional foreign price controls or other changes in pricing regulation could restrict the amount that Cend is able to charge for its product candidates. Accordingly, in markets outside the United States, the reimbursement for products may be reduced compared with the United States and may be insufficient to generate commercially reasonable revenues and profits.

There is also significant uncertainty related to the insurance coverage and reimbursement of newly approved products and coverage may be more limited than the purposes for which the medicine is approved by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities. In the United States, the principal decisions about reimbursement for new medicines are typically made by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”), an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”). CMS decides whether and to what extent a new medicine will be covered and reimbursed under Medicare and private payors tend to follow CMS to a substantial degree. No uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement for products exists among third-party payors and coverage and reimbursement levels for products can differ significantly from payor to payor. As a result, the coverage determination process is often a time consuming and costly process that may require Cend to provide scientific and clinical support for the use of its products to each payor separately, with no assurance that coverage and adequate reimbursement will be applied consistently or obtained in the first instance. It is difficult to predict what CMS will decide with respect to reimbursement for fundamentally novel products such as Cend’s. Reimbursement agencies in Europe may be more conservative than CMS. For example, a number of cancer drugs have been approved for reimbursement in the United States and have not been approved for reimbursement in certain European countries. Moreover, eligibility for reimbursement does not imply that any drug will be paid for in all cases or at a rate that covers Cend’s costs, including research, development, manufacture, sale, and distribution. Interim reimbursement levels for new drugs, if applicable, may also not be sufficient to cover Cend’s costs and may not be made permanent. Reimbursement rates may vary according to the use of the drug and the clinical setting in which it is used, may be based on reimbursement levels already set for lower cost drugs and may be incorporated into existing payments for other services. Cend’s inability to promptly obtain coverage and profitable payment rates from both government-funded and private payors for any approved products Cend may develop could have a material adverse effect on Cend’s operating results, its ability to raise capital needed to commercialize product candidates, and its overall financial condition.

Net prices for drugs may be reduced by mandatory discounts or rebates required by government healthcare programs or private payors and by any future relaxation of laws that presently restrict imports of drugs from countries where they may be sold at lower prices than in the United States. Cend’s inability to promptly obtain coverage and profitable reimbursement rates third-party payors for any approved products that Cend develops could have a material adverse effect on its operating results, its ability to raise capital needed to commercialize products and its overall financial condition.

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Increasingly, third-party payors are requiring that drug companies provide them with predetermined discounts from list prices and are challenging the prices charged for medical products. Cend cannot be sure that reimbursement will be available for any product candidate that it commercializes and, if reimbursement is available, the level of reimbursement. Reimbursement may impact the demand for, or the price of, any product candidate for which Cend obtains marketing approval. In order to obtain reimbursement, physicians may need to show that patients have superior treatment outcomes with Cend’s products compared to standard of care drugs, including lower-priced generic versions of standard of care drugs. Cend expects to experience pricing pressures in connection with the sale of any of its product candidates due to the trend toward managed healthcare, the increasing influence of health maintenance organizations and additional legislative changes. The downward pressure on healthcare costs in general, particularly prescription drugs and surgical procedures and other treatments, has become very intense. As a result, increasingly high barriers are being erected to the entry of new products.

Additionally, Cend and/or collaborators may develop companion diagnostic tests for use with Cend’s product candidates. Cend, or its collaborators, may be required to obtain coverage and reimbursement for these tests separate and apart from the coverage and reimbursement Cend seeks for its product candidates, once approved. Even if Cend obtains regulatory approval or clearance for such companion diagnostics, there is significant uncertainty regarding its ability to obtain coverage and adequate reimbursement for the same reasons applicable to its product candidates. Medicare reimbursement methodologies, whether under Part A, Part B, or clinical laboratory fee schedule may be amended from time to time, and Cend cannot predict what effect any change to these methodologies would have on any product candidate or companion diagnostic for which it receives approval. Cend’s inability to promptly obtain coverage and adequate reimbursement from both third-party payors for the companion diagnostic tests that it develops and for which it obtains regulatory approval could have a material and adverse effect on Cend’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Healthcare legislative measures aimed at reducing healthcare costs may have a material adverse effect on Cend’s business and results of operations.

The United States and many foreign jurisdictions have enacted or proposed legislative and regulatory changes affecting the healthcare system that could prevent or delay marketing approval of our current product candidates and any future product candidates, restrict or regulate post-approval activities and affect our ability to profitably sell a product for which we obtain marketing approval. Changes in regulations, statutes or the interpretation of existing regulations could impact our business in the future by requiring, for example, changes to our manufacturing arrangements, additions or modifications to product labeling, the recall or discontinuation of our products, or additional record-keeping or reporting requirements. If any such changes were to be imposed, they could adversely affect the operation of our business.

In the United States, there have been and continue to be a number of legislative initiatives to contain healthcare costs. For example, the Affordable Care Act substantially changed the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers, and significantly impacted the U.S. pharmaceutical industry. The ACA, among other things, subjected biological products to potential competition by lower-cost biosimilars, addressed a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs and biologics that are inhaled, infused, instilled, implanted or injected, increased the minimum Medicaid rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program and extended the rebate program to individuals enrolled in Medicaid managed care organizations, established annual fees and taxes on manufacturers of certain branded prescription drugs and biologics, and created a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 70% (increased from 50% pursuant to the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, effective as of 2019) point-of-sale discounts off negotiated prices of applicable brand drugs and biologics to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for the manufacturer’s outpatient drugs or biologics to be covered under Medicare Part D.

Since its enactment, there have been judicial, executive and Congressional challenges to certain aspects of the ACA. On June 17, 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court dismissed the most recent judicial challenge to the ACA brought by several states without specifically ruling on the constitutionality of the ACA. Prior to the Supreme Court’s decision, President Biden issued an executive order to initiate a special enrollment period from February 15, 2021 through August 15, 2021 for purposes of obtaining health insurance coverage through the ACA marketplace. The executive order also instructed certain governmental agencies to review and reconsider their existing policies and rules that limit access to healthcare, including among others, re-examining Medicaid

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demonstration projects and waiver programs that include work requirements, and policies that create unnecessary barriers to obtaining access to health insurance coverage through Medicaid or the ACA. It is unclear how other healthcare reform measures of the Biden administration or other efforts, if any, to challenge, repeal or replace the ACA will impact the ACA or our business.

In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the ACA was enacted. On August 2, 2011, the Budget Control Act of 2011 was signed into law, which, among other things, resulted in reductions to Medicare payments to providers of 2% per fiscal year, which went into effect on April 1, 2013 and, due to subsequent legislative amendments to the statute, will remain in effect through 2030, with the exception of a temporary suspension from May 1, 2020 through June 30, 2022 (a 1% sequester will apply from April 1, 2022 through June 30, 2022) due to the COVID-19 pandemic, unless additional Congressional action is taken. On January 2, 2013, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 was signed into law, which, among other things, reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitals and cancer treatment centers, and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. As another example, the 2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act signed into law on December 27, 2020 incorporated extensive healthcare provisions and amendments to existing laws, including a requirement that all manufacturers of drugs and biological products covered under Medicare Part B report the product’s average sales price, or ASP, to HHS beginning on January 1, 2022, subject to enforcement via civil money penalties.

Further, there has been heightened governmental scrutiny in the United States of pharmaceutical pricing practices in light of the rising cost of prescription drugs. Such scrutiny has resulted in several recent congressional inquiries and proposed and enacted federal and state legislation designed to, among other things, bring more transparency to product pricing, review the relationship between pricing and manufacturer patient programs, and reform government program reimbursement methodologies for products. Although a number of these and other measures may require additional authorization to become effective, Congress and the current U.S. administration have each indicated that it will continue to seek new legislative and/or administrative measures to control drug costs. Any reduction in reimbursement from Medicare and other government programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. Moreover, in July 2021, President Biden issued a sweeping executive order on promoting competition in the American economy that includes several mandates pertaining to the pharmaceutical and health care insurance industries. Among other things, the executive order directs the FDA to work towards implementing a system for importing drugs from Canada (following on a Trump administration notice-and-comment rulemaking on Canadian drug importation that was finalized in October 2020). The Biden order also called on HHS to release a comprehensive plan to combat high prescription drug prices, and it includes several directives regarding the Federal Trade Commission’s oversight of potentially anticompetitive practices within the pharmaceutical industry. The drug pricing plan released by HHS in September 2021 in response to the executive order makes clear that the Biden Administration supports aggressive action to address rising drug prices, including allowing HHS to negotiate the cost of Medicare Part B and D drugs, but such significant changes will require either new legislation to be passed by Congress or time-consuming administrative actions. Accordingly, there remains a large amount of uncertainty regarding the federal government’s approach to making pharmaceutical treatment costs more affordable for patients.

At the state level, legislatures have increasingly passed legislation and implemented regulations designed to control pharmaceutical and biological product pricing, including price or patient reimbursement constraints, discounts, restrictions on certain product access and marketing cost disclosure and transparency measures, and, in some cases, designed to encourage importation from other countries and bulk purchasing. For example, California requires pharmaceutical manufacturers to notify certain purchasers, including health insurers and government health plans at least 60 days before any scheduled increase in the wholesale acquisition cost (WAC), of their product if the increase exceeds 16%, and further requires pharmaceutical manufacturers to explain whether a change or improvement in the product necessitates such an increase. Similarly, Vermont requires pharmaceutical manufacturers to disclose price information on certain prescription drugs, and to provide notification to the state if introducing a new drug with a WAC in excess of the Medicare Part D specialty drug threshold. In December 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court also held unanimously that federal law does not preempt the states’ ability to regulate pharmaceutical benefit managers, or PBMs, and other members of the healthcare and pharmaceutical supply chain, an important decision that may lead to further and more aggressive efforts by states in this area. Legally mandated price controls on payment amounts by third-party payors or other restrictions could harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. In addition, regional healthcare authorities and individual hospitals are increasingly using bidding procedures to determine what

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pharmaceutical products and which suppliers will be included in their prescription drug and other healthcare programs. This could reduce the ultimate demand for our product candidates, if approved, or put pressure on our product pricing, which could negatively affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

Cend expects that the ACA, the recent laws described above, and other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, more rigorous coverage criteria, new payment methodologies and additional downward pressure on the price that Cend receives for any approved product. Further, it is possible that additional governmental action will be taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Cend cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuing efforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare and/or impose price controls may adversely affect:

•	the demand for our product candidates, if Cend obtains regulatory approval;

•	Cend’s ability to receive or set a price that it believes is fair for its products;

•	Cend’s ability to generate revenue and achieve or maintain profitability;

•	Cend’s ability to enjoy or maintain market exclusivity;

•	the level of taxes that Cend is required to pay; and

•	the availability of capital.

Any reduction in reimbursement from Medicare or other government programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors, which may adversely affect Cend’s future profitability.

Inadequate funding for the FDA, the SEC and other government agencies could hinder their ability to hire and retain key leadership and other personnel, prevent new products and services from being developed or commercialized in a timely manner or otherwise prevent those agencies from performing normal business functions on which the operation of Cend’s business may rely, which could negatively impact Cend’s business.

The ability of the FDA to review and approve new products can be affected by a variety of factors, including government budget and funding levels, ability to hire and retain key personnel and accept the payment of user fees, and statutory, regulatory and policy changes. Average review times at the agency have fluctuated in recent years as a result. Disruptions at the FDA and other agencies may also slow the time necessary for new drugs to be reviewed and/or approved by necessary government agencies, which would adversely affect Cend’s business. In addition, government funding of the SEC and other government agencies on which Cend’s operations may rely, including those that fund research and development activities, is subject to the political process, which is inherently fluid and unpredictable.

For example, over the last several years, including for 35 days beginning on December 22, 2018, the U.S. government has shut down several times and certain regulatory agencies, such as the FDA and the SEC, have had to furlough critical FDA, SEC and other government employees and stop critical activities. Additionally, as of June 23, 2020, the FDA noted it is continuing to ensure timely reviews of applications for medical products during the COVID-19 pandemic in line with its user fee performance goals; however, FDA may not be able to continue its current pace and approval timelines could be extended, including where a pre-approval manufacturing inspection or an inspection of clinical sites is required and due to the COVID-19 pandemic and travel restrictions FDA is unable to complete such required inspections during the review period. The FDA has developed a rating system to assist in determining when and where it is safest to conduct prioritized domestic inspections. Should FDA determine that an inspection is necessary for approval and an inspection cannot be completed during the review cycle due to restrictions on travel, FDA has stated that it generally intends to issue a complete response letter. Further, if there is inadequate information to make a determination on the acceptability of a facility, FDA may defer action on the application until an inspection can be completed. In 2020, several companies announced receipt of complete response letters due to the FDA’s inability to complete required inspections for their applications. Regulatory authorities outside the U.S. may adopt similar restrictions or other policy measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and may experience delays in their regulatory activities. If a prolonged government shutdown occurs again, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA

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to timely review and process Cend’s regulatory submissions, which could have a material adverse effect on its business. Further, future government shutdowns could impact Cend’s ability to access the public markets and obtain necessary capital in order to properly capitalize and continue its operations.

Cend’s employees, independent contractors, consultants, commercial partners and vendors may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements.

Cend is exposed to the risk of fraud or other illegal activity by its employees, independent contractors, consultants, commercial partners and vendors. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless and/or negligent conduct that fails to: comply with the regulations of the FDA and other similar foreign regulatory authorities, provide true, complete and accurate information to the FDA and other similar foreign regulatory authorities, comply with manufacturing standards Cend has established, comply with healthcare fraud and abuse laws in the United States and similar foreign fraudulent misconduct laws or report financial information or data accurately or to disclose unauthorized activities to Cend. If Cend obtains FDA approval of any of its product candidates and begins commercializing those products in the United States, Cend’s potential exposure under such laws and regulations will increase significantly, and its costs associated with compliance with such laws and regulations are also likely to increase. These laws may impact, among other things, Cend’s current activities with principal investigators and research patients, as well as proposed and future sales, marketing and education programs. In particular, the promotion, sales and marketing of healthcare items and services, as well as certain business arrangements in the healthcare industry, are subject to extensive laws designed to prevent fraud, kickbacks, self-dealing and other abusive practices. These laws and regulations may restrict or prohibit a wide range of pricing, discounting, marketing and promotion, structuring and commission(s), certain customer incentive programs and other business arrangements generally. Activities subject to these laws also involve the improper use of information obtained in the course of patient recruitment for clinical trials. The laws that may affect Cend’s ability to operate include, but are not limited to:

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the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying any remuneration (including any kickback, bribe, or rebate), directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind, to induce, or in return for, either the referral of an individual, or the purchase, lease, order or recommendation of any good, facility, item or service for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under a federal healthcare program, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. A person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation. Violations are subject to civil and criminal fines and penalties for each violation, plus up to three times the remuneration involved, imprisonment, and exclusion from government healthcare programs. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the Federal False Claims Act. There are a number of statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution;

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federal civil and criminal false claims laws and civil monetary penalty laws, including the Federal False Claims Act, which impose criminal and civil penalties, including through civil “qui tam” or “whistleblower” actions, against individuals or entities for, among other things, knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment or approval from Medicare, Medicaid, or other federal health care programs that are false or fraudulent; knowingly making or causing a false statement material to a false or fraudulent claim or an obligation to pay money to the federal government; or knowingly concealing or knowingly and improperly avoiding or decreasing such an obligation. Manufacturers can be held liable under the FCA even when they do not submit claims directly to government payors if they are deemed to “cause” the submission of false or fraudulent claims. The FCA also permits a private individual acting as a “whistleblower” to bring actions on behalf of the federal government alleging violations of the FCA and to share in any monetary recovery. When an entity is determined to have violated the Federal False Claims Act, the government may impose civil fines and penalties for each false claim, plus treble damages, and exclude the entity from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs;

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HIPAA, which created new federal criminal statutes that prohibit knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program or obtain, by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises, any of the money or property owned by, or under

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the custody or control of, any healthcare benefit program, regardless of the payor (e.g., public or private) and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up by any trick or device a material fact or making any materially false statements in connection with the delivery of, or payment for, healthcare benefits, items or services relating to healthcare matters. Similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity can be found guilty of violating HIPAA without actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it;

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HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, which impose requirements on certain covered healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses as well as their respective business associates that perform services for them that involve the use, or disclosure of, individually identifiable health information, relating to the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information without appropriate authorization. HITECH also created new tiers of civil monetary penalties, amended HIPAA to make civil and criminal penalties directly applicable to business associates, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federal courts to enforce the federal HIPAA laws and seek attorneys’ fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions;

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the federal Physician Payment Sunshine Act, created under the ACA and its implementing regulations, which require manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologicals and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program (with certain exceptions) to report annually to HHS information related to payments or other transfers of value made to physicians (defined to include doctors, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and chiropractors) and teaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Effective January 1, 2022, these reporting obligations extend to include transfers of value made to certain non-physician providers such as physician assistants and nurse practitioners;

•	federal consumer protection and unfair competition laws, which broadly regulate marketplace activities and activities that potentially harm consumers; and

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analogous state and foreign laws and regulations, such as state and foreign anti-kickback, false claims, consumer protection and unfair competition laws which may apply to pharmaceutical business practices, including but not limited to, research, distribution, sales and marketing arrangements as well as submitting claims involving healthcare items or services reimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers; state laws that require pharmaceutical companies to comply with the pharmaceutical industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the relevant compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government that otherwise restricts payments that may be made to healthcare providers and other potential referral sources; state laws that require drug manufacturers to file reports with states regarding pricing and marketing information, such as the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensations and other remuneration and items of value provided to healthcare professionals and entities; state and local laws requiring the registration of pharmaceutical sales representatives; and state and foreign laws governing the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.

Cend has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics, but it is not always possible to identify and deter employee misconduct, and the precautions Cend takes to detect and prevent inappropriate conduct may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting it from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations.

Efforts to ensure that Cend’s business arrangements with third parties will comply with applicable healthcare laws and regulations will involve substantial costs. Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the statutory exceptions and safe harbors available, it is possible that some of Cend’s business activities could be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws. It is possible that governmental authorities will conclude that Cend’s business practices may not comply with current or future statutes, regulations or case law involving applicable fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations. If Cend’s operations are found to be in

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violation of any of these laws or any other governmental regulations that may apply to Cend, it may be subject to significant criminal, civil and administrative sanctions including monetary penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, individual imprisonment, and exclusion from participation in government funded healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, additional reporting requirements and oversight if it becomes subject to a corporate integrity agreement or similar agreement to resolve allegations of noncompliance with these laws, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, and it may be required to curtail or restructure its operations, any of which could adversely affect its ability to operate its business and its results of operations.

Any action against Cend for violation of these laws, even if Cend successfully defends against it, could cause Cend to incur significant legal expenses and divert its management’s attention from the operation of its business. The shifting compliance environment and the need to build and maintain robust and expandable systems to comply with multiple jurisdictions with different compliance and/or reporting requirements increases the possibility that a healthcare company may run afoul of one or more of the requirements.

Moreover, agreements with physicians often must be the subject of prior notification and approval by the physician’s employer, his or her competent professional organization.

Failure to comply with these requirements could result in reputational risk, public reprimands, administrative penalties, fines or imprisonment.

If Cend fails to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, it could become subject to fines or penalties or incur costs that could have a material adverse effect on the success of its business.

Cend is subject to numerous environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including those governing laboratory procedures and the handling, use, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes. Cend’s operations involve the use of hazardous and flammable materials, including chemicals and biological and radioactive materials. Cend’s operations also produce hazardous waste products. Cend generally contracts with third parties for the disposal of these materials and wastes. Cend cannot eliminate the risk of contamination or injury from these materials. In the event of contamination or injury resulting from Cend’s use of hazardous materials, it could be held liable for any resulting damages, and any liability could exceed its resources. Cend also could incur significant costs associated with civil or criminal fines and penalties.

Although Cend maintains workers’ compensation insurance to cover it for costs and expenses it may incur due to injuries to its employees resulting from the use of hazardous materials, this insurance may not provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities. Cend does not maintain insurance for environmental liability or toxic tort claims that may be asserted against it in connection with its storage or disposal of biological, hazardous or radioactive materials.

Risks related to Cend’s reliance on third parties

Cend may form or seek collaborations or strategic alliances or enter into additional licensing arrangements in the future, and it may not realize the benefits of such collaborations, alliances or licensing arrangements.

Cend may form or seek strategic alliances, create joint ventures or collaborations, or enter into additional licensing arrangements with third parties that it believes will complement or augment its development and commercialization efforts with respect to its product candidates and any future product candidates that it may develop. Any of these relationships may require Cend to incur non-recurring and other charges, increase its near and long-term expenditures, issue securities that dilute its existing stockholders or disrupt its management and business.

In addition, Cend faces significant competition in seeking appropriate strategic partners and the negotiation process is time-consuming and complex. Moreover, Cend may not be successful in its efforts to establish a strategic partnership or other alternative arrangements for its product candidates because they may be deemed to be at too early of a stage of development for collaborative effort and third parties may not view Cend’s product candidates as having the requisite potential to demonstrate safety, potency, purity and efficacy and obtain marketing approval.

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Further, collaborations involving Cend’s product candidates are subject to numerous risks, which may include the following:

•	collaborators have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources that they will apply to a collaboration;

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collaborators may not pursue development and commercialization of Cend’s product candidates or may elect not to continue or renew development or commercialization of Cend’s product candidates based on clinical trial results, changes in their strategic focus due to the acquisition of competitive products, availability of funding or other external factors, such as a business combination that diverts resources or creates competing priorities;

•	collaborators may delay clinical trials, provide insufficient funding for a clinical trial, stop a clinical trial, abandon a product candidate, repeat or conduct new clinical trials or require a new formulation of a product candidate for clinical testing;

•	collaborators could independently develop, or develop with third parties, products that compete directly or indirectly with Cend’s product candidates;

•	a collaborator with marketing and distribution rights to one or more products may not commit sufficient resources to their marketing and distribution;

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collaborators may not properly maintain or defend Cend’s intellectual property rights or may use Cend’s intellectual property or proprietary information in a way that gives rise to actual or threatened litigation that could jeopardize or invalidate Cend’s intellectual property or proprietary information or expose Cend to potential liability;

•	disputes may arise between Cend and a collaborator that cause the delay or termination of the research, development or commercialization of Cend’s product candidates, or that result in costly litigation or arbitration that diverts management attention and resources;

•	collaborations may be terminated and, if terminated, may result in a need for additional capital to pursue further development or commercialization of the applicable product candidates; and

•	collaborators may own or co-own intellectual property covering Cend’s products that results from Cend’s collaborating with them, and in such cases, Cend would not have the exclusive right to commercialize such intellectual property.

As a result, if Cend enters into additional collaboration agreements and strategic partnerships or licenses its product candidates, it may not be able to realize the benefit of such transactions if it is unable to successfully integrate them with its existing operations and company culture, which could delay its timelines or otherwise adversely affect its business. Cend also cannot be certain that, following a strategic transaction or license, it will achieve the revenue or specific net income that justifies such transaction. Any delays in entering into new collaborations or strategic partnership agreements related to Cend’s product candidates could delay the development and commercialization of its product candidates in certain geographies for certain indications, which would harm its business prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

Cend plans to rely on third parties to conduct its preclinical studies and clinical trials. If these third parties do not properly and successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, Cend may not be able to obtain regulatory approval of or commercialize its product candidates.

Cend plans to utilize and depend upon independent investigators and collaborators, such as medical institutions, CROs, contract manufacturing organizations, or CMOs, and strategic partners to conduct and support its preclinical studies and clinical trials under agreements with it. For example, Cend contracts with Bachem Americas for Drug Substance manufacture, and Alcami for Drug Product manufacture.

Cend expects to have to negotiate budgets and contracts with CROs, trial sites and CMOs and may not be able to do so on favorable terms, which may result in delays to Cend’s development timelines and increased costs. Cend will rely heavily on these third parties over the course of its preclinical studies and clinical trials, and Cend controls only certain aspects of their activities. As a result, Cend will have less direct control over the conduct, timing and completion of these preclinical studies and clinical trials and the management of data developed through preclinical studies and clinical trials than would be the case if it were relying entirely upon its own staff.

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Nevertheless, Cend is responsible for ensuring that each of its studies is conducted in accordance with applicable protocol, legal and regulatory requirements and scientific standards, and its reliance on third parties does not relieve Cend of its regulatory responsibilities. Cend and these third parties are required to comply with GCPs, which are regulations and guidelines enforced by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities for product candidates in clinical development. Regulatory authorities enforce these GCPs through periodic inspections of trial sponsors, principal investigators and trial sites. If Cend or any of these third parties fail to comply with applicable GCP regulations, the clinical data generated in Cend’s clinical trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may require Cend to perform additional clinical trials before approving Cend’s marketing applications. Cend cannot assure you that, upon inspection, such regulatory authorities will determine that any of its clinical trials comply with the GCP regulations. In addition, Cend’s clinical trials must be conducted with pharmaceutical product produced under cGMP regulations and will require a large number of test patients. Cend’s failure or any failure by these third parties to comply with these regulations or to recruit a sufficient number of patients may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the regulatory approval process. Moreover, Cend’s business may be implicated if any of these third parties violates federal or state fraud and abuse or false claims laws and regulations or healthcare privacy and security laws.

Any third parties conducting Cend’s clinical trials are not and will not be Cend’s employees and, except for remedies available to Cend under its agreements with such third parties, Cend cannot control whether or not they devote sufficient time and resources to Cend’s ongoing, clinical and non-clinical product candidates. These third parties may also have relationships with other commercial entities, including Cend’s competitors, for whom they may also be conducting clinical trials or other drug development activities, which could affect their performance on Cend’s behalf. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlines, if they need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to Cend’s clinical protocols or regulatory requirements or for other reasons, Cend’s clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated and Cend may not be able to complete development of, obtain regulatory approval of or successfully commercialize its product candidates. As a result, Cend’s financial results and the commercial prospects for Cend’s product candidates would be harmed, Cend’s costs could increase and Cend’s ability to generate revenue could be delayed.

Switching or adding third parties to conduct Cend’s preclinical studies and clinical trials involves substantial cost and requires extensive management time and focus. In addition, there is a natural transition period when a new third party commences work. As a result, delays occur, which can materially impact Cend’s ability to meet its desired clinical development timelines.

Cend’s manufacturing process needs to comply with FDA regulations relating to the quality and reliability of such processes. Any failure to comply with relevant regulations could result in delays in or termination of Cend’s clinical programs and suspension or withdrawal of any regulatory approvals.

In order to commercially produce Cend’s products either at Cend’s own facility or at a third party’s facility, Cend will need to comply with the FDA’s cGMP regulations and guidelines. Cend may encounter difficulties in achieving quality control and quality assurance and may experience shortages in qualified personnel. Cend is subject to inspections by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities to confirm compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. Any failure to follow cGMP or other regulatory requirements or delay, interruption or other issues that arise in the manufacture, fill-finish, packaging, or storage of Cend’s precision medicines as a result of a failure of Cend’s facilities or the facilities or operations of third parties to comply with regulatory requirements or pass any regulatory authority inspection could significantly impair Cend’s ability to develop and commercialize Cend’s product candidates, including leading to significant delays in the availability of Cend’s precision medicines for Cend’s clinical trials or the termination of or suspension of a clinical trial, or the delay or prevention of a filing or approval of marketing applications for Cend’s product candidates. Significant non-compliance could also result in the imposition of sanctions, including warning or untitled letters, fines, injunctions, civil penalties, failure of regulatory authorities to grant marketing approvals for Cend’s product candidates, delays, suspension or withdrawal of approvals, license revocation, seizures or recalls of products, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions, any of which could damage Cend’s reputation and Cend’s business.

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If Cend’s third-party manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, Cend may be liable for damages.

Cend’s research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by Cend’s third-party manufacturers. Cend’s manufacturers are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although Cend believes that its manufacturers’ procedures for using, handling, storing and disposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, Cend cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical or hazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, Cend may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of these materials and interrupt Cend’s business operations. In the event of an accident, Cend could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability could exceed Cend’s resources. Cend does not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair Cend’s research, development and production efforts, which could harm its business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.

Risks related to managing growth and employee matters

Cend is highly dependent on its key personnel and anticipate hiring new key personnel. If Cend is not successful in attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel, it may not be able to successfully implement its business strategy.

Cend’s ability to compete in the highly competitive biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries depends upon its ability to attract and retain highly qualified managerial, scientific and medical personnel. Cend is highly dependent on its management, scientific and medical personnel, including Cend’s Scientific Founder and Chairman, Erkki Ruoslahti, MD, David Slack, Cend’s President and CEO, and Harri Järveläinen, our Chief Operating Officer. Erkki Ruoslahti, MD is not Cend’s employee and provides services primarily as a consultant and a member of the Cend Board of Directors. In addition, the loss of the services of any of Cend’s executive officers, other key employees and other scientific and medical advisors, and an inability to find suitable replacements could result in delays in product development and harm Cend’s business.

Cend will need to grow the size of its organization, and may experience difficulties in managing this growth.

As of December 31, 2021 Cend had three full-time employees. Cend intends to hire new employees to conduct its research and development activities/administrative/scientific in the future. Any delay in hiring such new employees could result in delays in Cend’s research and development activities and would harm Cend’s business. As Cend’s development and commercialization plans and strategies develop, and as Cend transitions into operating as a public company, Cend expects to need additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial and other personnel, as well as additional facilities to expand its operations. Future growth would impose significant added responsibilities on members of management, including:

•	identifying, recruiting, integrating, maintaining and motivating additional employees;

•	Advance applications of Cend’s drug discovery and development platform;

•	managing Cend’s internal development efforts effectively, including the clinical and FDA review process for Cend’s product candidates, while complying with Cend’s contractual obligations to contractors and other third parties; and

•	improving Cend’s operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures.

Cend’s future financial performance and Cend’s ability to commercialize Cend’s product candidates will depend, in part, on its ability to effectively manage any future growth, and Cend’s management may also have to divert a disproportionate amount of its attention away from day-to-day activities in order to devote a substantial amount of time to managing these growth activities.

Cend currently relies, and for the foreseeable future will continue to rely, in substantial part on certain independent organizations, advisors and consultants to provide certain services, including substantially all aspects of regulatory approval, clinical trial management and manufacturing. There can be no assurance that the services of independent organizations, advisors and consultants will continue to be available to Cend on a timely basis

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when needed, or that Cend can find qualified replacements. In addition, if Cend is unable to effectively manage Cend’s outsourced activities or if the quality or accuracy of the services provided by consultants is compromised for any reason, Cend’s clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated, and it may not be able to obtain regulatory approval of its product candidates or otherwise advance its business. There can be no assurance that Cend will be able to manage its existing consultants or find other competent outside contractors and consultants on economically reasonable terms, or at all.

If Cend is not able to effectively expand its organization by hiring new employees and expanding its groups of consultants and contractors, or it is not able to effectively build out new facilities to accommodate this expansion, it may not be able to successfully implement the tasks necessary to further develop and commercialize its product candidates and, accordingly, may not achieve its research, development and commercialization goals.

If product liability lawsuits are brought against Cend, it may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit commercialization of its product candidates.

Cend faces an inherent risk of product liability as a result of the planned clinical testing of its product candidates and will face an even greater risk if it commercializes any products. For example, Cend may be sued if its product candidates cause or are perceived to cause injury or are found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such product liability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability or a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If Cend cannot successfully defend itself against product liability claims, it may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of its product candidates. Even successful defense would require significant financial and management resources. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in:

•	decreased demand for Cend’s product candidates or products that it may develop;

•	injury to Cend’s reputation;

•	withdrawal of clinical trial participants;

•	initiation of investigations by regulators;

•	costs to defend the related litigation;

•	a diversion of management’s time and Cend’s resources;

•	substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;

•	product recalls, withdrawals or labeling, marketing or promotional restrictions;

•	loss of revenue;

•	exhaustion of any available insurance and Cend’s capital resources;

•	the inability to commercialize any product candidate; and

•	a decline in share price.

Failure to obtain or retain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of products Cend develops, alone or with corporate collaborators. Although Cend has clinical trial insurance, Cend’s insurance policies also have various exclusions, and it may be subject to a product liability claim for which it has no coverage. Cend may have to pay any amounts awarded by a court or negotiated in a settlement that exceed its coverage limitations or that are not covered by its insurance, and it may not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient capital to pay such amounts. Even if Cend’s agreements with any future corporate collaborators entitle it to indemnification against losses, such indemnification may not be available or adequate should any claim arise.

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General risk factors

Data collection is governed by restrictive regulations governing the use, storage, processing and transfer of personal information.

In the event Cend decides to conduct clinical trials or continue to enroll subjects in its ongoing or future clinical trials, it may be subject to additional privacy restrictions. The collection, use, storage, disclosure, transfer, or other processing of personal data is subject to the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, which creates new individual privacy rights for California consumers (as defined in the law) and places increased privacy and security obligations on entities handling personal data of consumers or households. The CCPA requires covered companies to provide new disclosure to consumers about such companies’ data collection, use and sharing practices, provide such consumers new ways to opt-out of certain sales or transfers of personal information, and provide consumers with additional causes of action. The CCPA went into effect on January 1, 2020, and the California Attorney General commenced enforcement actions for violations beginning July 1, 2020. The CCPA was amended on September 23, 2018, and it remains unclear what, if any, further modifications will be made to this legislation or how it will be interpreted. As currently written, the CCPA may impact Cend’s business activities and exemplifies the vulnerability of Cend’s business to the evolving regulatory environment related to personal data and protected health information.

Compliance with U.S. and international data protection laws and regulations could require Cend to take on more onerous obligations in its contracts, restrict its ability to collect, use and disclose data, or in some cases, impact its ability to operate in certain jurisdictions. Failure to comply with U.S. and international data protection laws and regulations could result in government enforcement actions (which could include civil or criminal penalties), private litigation or adverse publicity and could negatively affect Cend’s operating results and business. Moreover, clinical trial subjects about whom Cend or its potential collaborators obtain information, as well as the providers who share this information with Cend, may contractually limit Cend’s ability to use and disclose the information. Claims that Cend has violated individuals’ privacy rights, failed to comply with data protection laws, or breached Cend’s contractual obligations, even if Cend is not found liable, could be expensive and time consuming to defend and could result in adverse publicity that could harm Cend’s business.

Cend may be unable to adequately protect its information systems from cyberattacks, which could result in the disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, including personal data, damage Cend’s reputation, and subject Cend to significant financial and legal exposure.

Cend relies on information technology systems that it or its third-party providers operate to process, transmit and store electronic information in Cend’s day-to-day operations. In connection with Cend’s product discovery efforts, Cend may collect and use a variety of personal data, such as name, mailing address, email addresses, phone number and clinical trial information. A successful cyberattack could result in the theft or destruction of intellectual property, data, or other misappropriation of assets, or otherwise compromise Cend’s confidential or proprietary information and disrupt Cend’s operations. Cyberattacks are increasing in their frequency, sophistication and intensity, and have become increasingly difficult to detect. Cyberattacks could include wrongful conduct by hostile foreign governments, industrial espionage, wire fraud and other forms of cyber fraud, the deployment of harmful malware, denial-of-service, social engineering fraud or other means to threaten data security, confidentiality, integrity and availability. A successful cyberattack could cause serious negative consequences for us, including, without limitation, the disruption of operations, the misappropriation of confidential business information, including financial information, trade secrets, financial loss and the disclosure of corporate strategic plans. Although Cend devotes resources to protect its information systems, Cend realizes that cyberattacks are a threat, and there can be no assurance that its efforts will prevent information security breaches that would result in business, legal, financial or reputational harm to Cend, or would have a material adverse effect on its results of operations and financial condition. Any failure to prevent or mitigate security breaches or improper access to, use of, or disclosure of Cend’s clinical data or patients’ personal data could result in significant liability under state (e.g., state breach notification laws), federal (e.g., HIPAA, as amended by HITECH), and international law (e.g., the GDPR) and may cause a material adverse impact to Cend’s reputation, affect Cend’s ability to conduct new studies and potentially disrupt Cend’s business.

In addition, the computer systems of various third parties on which Cend relies, and other contractors, consultants and law and accounting firms, may sustain damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, data breaches, phishing attacks, cybercriminals, natural disasters (including hurricanes and earthquakes), terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. Cend relies on its third-party providers to implement effective

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security measures and identify and correct for any such failures, deficiencies or breaches. If Cend or its third-party providers fail to maintain or protect Cend’s information technology systems and data integrity effectively or fail to anticipate, plan for or manage significant disruptions to Cend’s information technology systems, Cend or its third-party providers could have difficulty preventing, detecting and controlling such cyber-attacks and any such attacks could result in losses described above as well as disputes with physicians, patients and Cend’s partners, regulatory sanctions or penalties, increases in operating expenses, expenses or lost revenues or other adverse consequences, any of which could have a material adverse effect on Cend’s business, results of operations, financial condition, prospects and cash flows. Any failure by such third parties to prevent or mitigate security breaches or improper access to or disclosure of such information could have similarly adverse consequences for us. If Cend is unable to prevent or mitigate the impact of such security or data privacy breaches, it could be exposed to litigation and governmental investigations, which could lead to a potential disruption to its business.

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Risks Related to the Combined Company

In determining whether you should approve the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock and other matters related to the Merger, as applicable, you should carefully read the following risk factors in addition to the risks described above.

The market price of the Caladrius Common Stock is expected to be volatile, and the market price of the Caladrius Common Stock may drop following the Merger.

The market price of the Caladrius Common Stock following the Merger could be subject to significant fluctuations. Some of the factors that may cause the market price of the Caladrius Common Stock to fluctuate include:

•	results of clinical trials and preclinical studies of the combined company’s product candidates, or those of the combined company’s competitors or the combined company’s existing or future collaborators;

•	failure to meet or exceed financial and development projections the combined company may provide to the public;

•	failure to meet or exceed the financial and development projections of the investment community;

•	if the combined company does not achieve the perceived benefits of the Merger as rapidly or to the extent anticipated by financial or industry analysts;

•	announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic collaborations, joint ventures or capital commitments by the combined company or its competitors;

•	actions taken by regulatory agencies with respect to the combined company’s product candidates, clinical studies, manufacturing process or sales and marketing terms;

•	disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters, and the combined company’s ability to obtain patent protection for its technologies;

•	additions or departures of key personnel;

•	significant lawsuits, including patent or stockholder litigation;

•	if securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about the combined company’s business, or if they issue adverse or misleading opinions regarding its business and stock;

•	changes in the market valuations of similar companies;

•	general market or macroeconomic conditions or market conditions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors;

•	sales of securities by the combined company or its securityholders in the future;

•	if the combined company fails to raise an adequate amount of capital to fund its operations and continued development of its product candidates;

•	trading volume of the Caladrius Common Stock;

•	announcements by competitors of new commercial products, clinical progress or lack thereof, significant contracts, commercial relationships or capital commitments;

•	adverse publicity relating to precision medicine product candidates, including with respect to other products in such markets;

•	the introduction of technological innovations or new therapies that compete with the products and services of the combined company; and

•	period-to-period fluctuations in the combined company’s financial results.

Moreover, the stock markets in general have experienced substantial volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of individual companies. These broad market fluctuations may also adversely affect the trading price of the Caladrius Common Stock. In addition, a recession, depression or other sustained adverse market event resulting from the spread of COVID-19 or otherwise could materially and adversely affect the

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combined company’s business and the value of its common stock. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, stockholders have often instituted class action securities litigation against such companies. Furthermore, market volatility may lead to increased shareholder activism if the combined company experiences a market valuation that activists believe is not reflective of its intrinsic value. Activist campaigns that contest or conflict with the combined company’s strategic direction or seek changes in the composition of its board of directors could have an adverse effect on its operating results and financial condition.

Following the Merger, the combined company may be unable to integrate successfully and realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger.

The Merger involves the combination of two companies which currently operate as independent companies. The combined company may fail to realize some or all of the anticipated benefits of the Merger if the integration process takes longer than expected or is more costly than expected. In addition, Caladrius and Cend have operated and, until the completion of the Merger, will continue to operate, independently. It is possible that the integration process also could result in the diversion of each company’s management’s attention, the disruption or interruption of, or the loss of momentum in, each company’s ongoing businesses or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies, any of which could adversely affect the combined company’s ability to maintain relationships with customers, suppliers and employees or the ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the Merger, or could otherwise adversely affect the business and financial results of the combined company.

The combined company will need substantial additional funding before it can complete the development of its product candidates. If the combined company is unable to obtain such additional capital on favorable terms, on a timely basis or at all, it would be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate its product development and clinical programs and may not have the capital required to otherwise operate its business.

Developing cancer therapies and cell therapy products, including conducting pre-clinical studies and clinical trials and establishing manufacturing capabilities, is expensive. The combined company has not generated any revenues from the commercial sale of products and will not be able to generate any product revenues until, and only if, the combined company receives approval to sell its product candidates from the FDA or other regulatory authorities. The cash expected from both Caladrius and Cend at closing are expected to fund the further development of the combined company’s programs and operate the combined company into early 2023. However, as the combined company has not generated any revenue from commercial sales to date and does not expect to generate any revenue for several years, if ever, the combined company will need to raise substantial additional capital in order to fund its general corporate activities and to fund its research and development, including its currently planned clinical trials and plans for new clinical trials and product development.

The combined company may seek to raise additional funds through various potential sources, such as equity and debt financings, or through strategic collaborations and license agreements. The combined company can give no assurances that it will be able to secure such additional sources of funds to support its operations or, if such funds are available, that such additional financing will be sufficient to meet its needs. Moreover, to the extent that the combined company raises additional funds by issuing equity securities, its stockholders may experience additional significant dilution, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants. To the extent that the combined company raises additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish some rights to its technologies or product candidates, or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable.

Given the combined company’s capital constraints, it will need to prioritize spending on its clinical and pre-clinical programs. If the combined company is unable to raise sufficient funds to support its current and planned operations, it may elect to discontinue certain of its ongoing activities or programs. The combined company’s inability to raise additional funds could also prevent it from taking advantage of opportunities to pursue promising new or existing programs in the future.

The combined company’s forecasts regarding its beliefs in the sufficiency of its financial resources to support its current and planned operations are forward-looking statements and involve significant risks and uncertainties, and actual results could vary as a result of a number of factors, including the factors discussed elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section. These estimates are based on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and the combined company could utilize its available capital resources sooner than currently expected.

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The combined company may be exposed to increased litigation, including stockholder litigation, which could have an adverse effect on the combined company’s business and operations.

The combined company may be exposed to increased litigation from stockholders, customers, suppliers, consumers and other third parties due to the combination of Caladrius’ business and Cend’s business following the Merger. Such litigation may have an adverse impact on the combined company’s business and results of operations or may cause disruptions to the combined company’s operations. In addition, in the past, stockholders have initiated class action lawsuits against biotechnology companies following periods of volatility in the market prices of these companies’ stock. Such litigation, if instituted against the combined company, could cause the combined company to incur substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on the combined company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

The combined company may be exposed to continued litigation resulting from the proceeding described above in the section titled “Cend Business – Legal Proceedings” beginning on page 230 of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. Such lawsuits, if remaining outstanding following the closing, could cause the combined company to incur substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on the combined company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data for Caladrius and Cend included in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is preliminary, and the combined company’s actual financial position and operations after the Merger may differ materially from the unaudited pro forma financial data included in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

The unaudited pro forma financial data for Caladrius and Cend included in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the combined company’s actual financial condition or results of operations of future periods, or the financial condition or results of operations that would have been realized had the entities been combined during the periods presented. The unaudited pro forma financial statements have been derived from the historical financial statements of Caladrius and Cend and adjustments and assumptions have been made regarding the combined company after giving effect to the transaction. The information upon which these adjustments and assumptions have been made is preliminary, and these kinds of adjustments and assumptions are difficult to make with accuracy. Moreover, the unaudited pro forma financial statements do not reflect all costs that are expected to be incurred by the combined company in connection with the transactions or that have been incurred since the date of such unaudited pro forma financial statements. The assumptions used in preparing the unaudited pro forma financial information may not prove to be accurate, and other factors may affect the combined company’s financial condition following the transaction. For more information see the section titled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements.”

Anti-takeover provisions in the combined organization’s charter documents and under Delaware law could make the acquisition of the combined organization more difficult and may prevent attempts by the combined organization’s stockholders to replace or remove the combined organization’s management.

Provisions in the combined organization’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws may delay or prevent an acquisition or a change in management. These provisions include a classified board of directors, a prohibition on actions by written consent of the combined organization’s stockholders, and the ability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval. In addition, because the combined organization will be incorporated in Delaware, it is governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL, which prohibits stockholders owning in excess of 15% of the outstanding combined organization’s voting stock from merging or combining with the combined organization. Although Caladrius and Cend believe these provisions collectively will provide for an opportunity to receive higher bids by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with the combined organization’s board of directors, they would apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by the combined organization’s stockholders to replace or remove then current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of the board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of management.

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Caladrius and Cend do not anticipate the combined organization will pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

The current expectation is the combined organization will retain its future earnings to fund the development and growth of the combined organization’s business. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of the Caladrius Common Stock will be your sole source of gain, if any, for the foreseeable future.

Future sales of shares by existing stockholders could cause the Caladrius Common Stock price to decline.

If existing securityholders of Caladrius and Cend sell, or indicate an intention to sell, substantial amounts of the Caladrius Common Stock in the public market after legal restrictions on resale discussed in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement lapse, the trading price of the Caladrius Common Stock could decline. Based on shares outstanding as of June 13, 2022 and approximately 60,518,478 shares of Caladrius Common Stock expected to be issued upon completion of the Merger, the combined company is expected to have outstanding, a total of approximately 121,036,956 shares of Caladrius Common Stock immediately following the completion of the Merger. Of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock, approximately 19,747,081 shares will be available for sale in the public market beginning 120 days after the closing of the Merger as a result of the expiration of lock-up agreements between Caladrius and Cend on the one hand and certain securityholders of Caladrius and Cend on the other hand. All other outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock, other than shares held by affiliates of the combined company, will be freely tradable, without restriction, in the public market. In addition, shares of Caladrius Common Stock that are subject to outstanding options of Cend will become eligible for sale in the public market to the extent permitted by the provisions of various vesting agreements and Rules 144 and 701 under the Securities Act. If these shares are sold, the trading price of the Caladrius Common Stock could decline.

If the ownership of the Caladrius Common Stock is highly concentrated, it may prevent you and other stockholders from influencing significant corporate decisions and may result in conflicts of interest that could cause the combined organization’s stock price to decline.

Executive officers and directors of the combined organization, and affiliates of executive officers and directors of the combined organization, are expected to beneficially own or control approximately 21.6% of the outstanding shares of the Caladrius Common Stock following the completion of the Merger. Accordingly, these executive officers, directors, and their affiliates, acting as a group, will have substantial influence over the outcome of corporate actions requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, any merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of the combined organization’s assets or any other significant corporate transactions. These stockholders may also delay or prevent a change of control of the combined organization, even if such a change of control would benefit the other stockholders of the combined organization. The significant concentration of stock ownership may adversely affect the trading price of Caladrius Common Stock due to investors’ perception that conflicts of interest may exist or arise.

If the combined organization fails to maintain proper and effective internal controls, the combined organization’s ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements could be impaired, which could harm its operating results, its ability to operate its business and investors’ views of the combined organization.

The combined organization will be required to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires public companies to conduct an annual review and evaluation of their internal controls and attestations of the effectiveness of internal controls by independent auditors. Ensuring that the combined organization has adequate internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place so that it can produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort that will need to be evaluated frequently. The combined organization’s failure to maintain the effectiveness of its internal controls in accordance with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on its business. The combined organization could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of its financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the price of its common stock. In addition, if the combined organization’s efforts to comply with new or changed laws, regulations, and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against the combined organization and its business may be harmed.

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If securities or industry analysts do not publish, or cease publishing, research or reports about the combined organization, its business or its market, or if they change their recommendations regarding the Caladrius Common Stock adversely, the Caladrius Common Stock price and trading volume could decline.

If a trading market for the combined organization’s Caladrius Common Stock develops, the trading market for its Caladrius Common Stock will be influenced by whether industry or securities analysts publish research and reports about the combined organization, its business, its market or its competitors and, if any analysts do publish such reports, what they publish in those reports. The combined organization may not obtain analyst coverage in the future. Any analysts that do cover the combined organization may make adverse recommendations regarding the Caladrius Common Stock, adversely change their recommendations from time to time, and/or provide more favorable relative recommendations about the combined organization’s competitors. If any analyst who may cover the combined organization in the future were to cease coverage of the combined organization or fail to regularly publish reports on the combined organization, or if analysts fail to cover the combined organization or publish reports about the combined organization at all, the combined organization could lose, or never gain, visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the stock price or trading volume of the Caladrius Common Stock to decline.

Caladrius’ ability to utilize its net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards may be subject to limitations.

Caladrius’ ability to use its federal and state net operating losses (“NOLs”) to offset potential future taxable income and related income taxes that would otherwise be due is dependent upon the combined company’s generation of future taxable income, and Caladrius and Cend cannot predict with certainty when, or whether, the combined company will generate sufficient taxable income to use all of its NOLs.

Under Section 382 and Section 383 of the Code and corresponding provisions of state law, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” its ability to use its pre-change NOL carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes (such as research tax credits) to offset its post-change income may be limited. A Section 382 “ownership change” is generally defined as a greater than 50 percentage point change (by value) in its equity ownership by certain stockholders over a three-year period. Cend may have experienced ownership changes in the past, may experience an ownership change as a result of the Merger, and may experience ownership changes in the future due to subsequent shifts in the combined company’s stock ownership (some of which are outside of its control). Furthermore, the Merger, if consummated, may constitute an ownership change (within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code) of Caladrius which could eliminate or otherwise substantially limit the combined company’s ability to use Caladrius’ federal and state NOLs to offset its future taxable income. Consequently, even if the combined company achieves profitability, it may not be able to utilize a material portion of Cend’s, Caladrius’ or the combined company’s NOL carryforwards and other tax attributes, which could have a material adverse effect on cash flow and results of operations. Similar provisions of state tax law may also apply to limit the combined company’s use of accumulated state tax attributes. There is also a risk that due to regulatory changes, such as suspensions on the use of NOLs, or other unforeseen reasons, the combined company’s existing NOLs could expire or otherwise be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This proxy statement/prospectus/information statement and the documents incorporated by reference into this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement contain forward-looking statements (including within the meaning of Section 21E of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Section 27A of the Securities Act) concerning Caladrius, Cend, the proposed Merger and other matters. These statements may discuss goals, intentions and expectations as to future plans, trends, events, results of operations or financial condition, or otherwise, based on current beliefs of the management of Caladrius, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. Forward-looking statements generally include statements that are predictive in nature and depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, and include words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “believe,” “intend,” “look forward,” and other similar expressions among others. Statements that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties and are not guarantees of future performance. Actual results could differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement as a result of various factors, including, without limitation: the risk that the conditions to the Closing are not satisfied, including the failure to timely or at all obtain stockholder approval for the Merger; uncertainties as to the timing of the consummation of the Merger and the ability of each of Caladrius and Cend to consummate the Merger; risks related to Caladrius’ ability to correctly estimate its operating expenses and its expenses associated with the Merger; risks related to the changes in market price of the Caladrius Common Stock relative to the Exchange Ratio; the ability of Caladrius or Cend to protect their respective intellectual property rights; competitive responses to the Merger; unexpected costs, charges or expenses resulting from the Merger; potential adverse reactions or changes to business relationships resulting from the announcement or completion of the Merger; and legislative, regulatory, political and economic developments. The foregoing review of important factors that could cause actual events to differ from expectations should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with statements that are included herein and elsewhere. Caladrius can give no assurance that the conditions to the Merger will be satisfied. Except as required by applicable law, Caladrius undertakes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statement, or to make any other forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

For a discussion of the factors that may cause Caladrius, Cend or the combined organization’s actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements, or for a discussion of risks associated with the ability of Caladrius and Cend to complete the Merger and the effect of the Merger on the business of Caladrius, Cend and the combined organization, see the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Additional factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements are discussed in reports filed with the SEC by Caladrius. See the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. There can be no assurance that the Merger will be completed, or if it is completed, that it will be completed within the anticipated time period or that the expected benefits of the Merger will be realized.

If any of these risks or uncertainties materialize or any of these assumptions prove incorrect, the results of operations of Caladrius, Cend or the combined organization could differ materially from the forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement are current only as of the date on which the statements were made. Caladrius and Cend do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which any statement is made, the occurrence of unanticipated events or any new information that becomes available in the future.

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THE ANNUAL MEETING OF CALADRIUS STOCKHOLDERS

Date, Time and Place

The Annual Meeting will be held on September 13, 2022 commencing at 9:00 a.m. New York time. This year’s meeting will be held via live webcast on the internet. You will be able to participate in the Annual Meeting, vote and submit your questions during the Annual Meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/CLBS2022SM. You will not be able to attend the Annual Meeting in person. Caladrius is delivering this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement to its stockholders in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Caladrius Board of Directors for use at the Annual Meeting and any adjournments or postponements of the Annual Meeting. This proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is first being furnished to Caladrius Stockholders on or about August 2, 2022.

Purposes of the Annual Meeting

The purposes of the Annual Meeting are:

To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve the Merger Agreement, a copy of which is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement as Annex A, and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger and the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock to Cend Stockholders pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement.

2.	To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve an amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius to effect the Reverse Stock Split, in the form attached to this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement as Annex D.

3.	To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve an amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius to effect the Caladrius Name Change, in the form attached to this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement as Annex E.

To consider and vote upon a proposal to elect three Class III directors to hold office until the 2025 annual meeting of stockholders or until their successors are elected (provided, however, that if the Merger is completed, the Caladrius Board of Directors will be reconstituted as provided in the Merger Agreement).

5.	To consider and vote upon a proposal to ratify the selection by the audit committee of the Caladrius Board of Directors of Grant Thornton LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm of Caladrius for its calendar year ending December 31, 2022.

6.	To consider and approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the executive compensation of Caladrius’ named executive officers as described in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

7.	To consider and approve an amendment to the Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Compensation Plan that increases the number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the Plan by 5,000,000.

8.	To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve an adjournment of the Annual Meeting, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes in favor of Proposal No. 1 or 2.

9.	To transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.

Recommendation of the Caladrius Board of Directors

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The Caladrius Board of Directors has determined that the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement are fair to, advisable and in the best interests of Caladrius and Caladrius Stockholders and has approved and declared advisable the Merger Agreement and such transactions, including the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock to the Cend Stockholders pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement. The Caladrius Board of Directors recommends that Caladrius Stockholders vote “FOR” Proposal No. 1 to approve the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement and the amendment to Caladrius’ certificate of incorporation to effect a change in the name of Caladrius to Cend.

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The Caladrius Board of Directors has determined that the Reverse Stock Split is fair to, advisable and in the best interests of Caladrius and Caladrius Stockholders and has approved and declared advisable the Reverse Stock Split. The Caladrius Board of Directors recommends that Caladrius Stockholders vote “FOR” Proposal No. 2 to approve an amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius effecting the Reverse Stock Split.

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The Caladrius Board of Directors has determined that the Caladrius Name Change is fair to, advisable and in the best interests of Caladrius and Caladrius Stockholders and has approved and declared advisable the Caladrius Name Change. The Caladrius Board of Directors recommends that Caladrius Stockholders vote “FOR” Proposal No. 3 to approve an amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius to effect the Caladrius Name Change.

•	The Caladrius Board of Directors recommends that Caladrius Stockholders vote “FOR” Proposal No. 4 to elect each of Steven M. Klosk, Steven S. Myers and Michael H. Davidson, M.D., as Class III directors.

•	The Caladrius Board of Directors recommends that Caladrius Stockholders vote “FOR” Proposal No. 5 to ratify the selection of Grant Thornton LLP as Caladrius’ independent registered public accounting firm for the calendar year ending December 31, 2022.

•	The Caladrius Board of Directors recommends that Caladrius Stockholders vote “FOR” Proposal No. 6 to approve, on a non-binding advisory basis, the executive compensation of Caladrius’ named executive officers as disclosed in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

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The Caladrius Board of Directors recommends that Caladrius Stockholders vote “FOR” Proposal No. 7 to approve an amendment to the Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) that increases the number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the Plan by 5,000,000.

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The Caladrius Board of Directors has determined and believes that adjourning the Annual Meeting, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes in favor of Proposal No. 1 or 2 is advisable to, and in the best interests of, Caladrius and Caladrius Stockholders. The Caladrius Board of Directors recommends that Caladrius Stockholders vote “FOR” Proposal No. 8 to adjourn the Annual Meeting, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes in favor of Proposal No. 1 or 2.

Caladrius Stockholders should understand, however, that if the Merger is completed, the effect of the approval of Proposal No. 4 may be limited since the composition of the Caladrius Board of Directors will be changed upon completion of the Merger in accordance with the Merger Agreement.

Record Date and Voting Power

Only holders of record of Caladrius Common Stock at the close of business on the Record Date, July 25, 2022, are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting. There were approximately 533 holders of record of Caladrius Common Stock at the close of business on the Record Date. At the close of business on the Record Date, 60,583,249 shares of Caladrius Common Stock were issued and outstanding. Each share of Caladrius Common Stock entitles the holder thereof to one vote on each matter submitted for stockholder approval at the Annual Meeting. See the section entitled “Principal Stockholders of Caladrius” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement for information regarding persons known to the management of Caladrius to be the beneficial owners of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock.

Voting and Revocation of Proxies

The proxy accompanying this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is solicited on behalf of the Caladrius Board of Directors for use at the Annual Meeting.

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If you are a stockholder of record of Caladrius as of the Record Date referred to above, you may vote virtually at the Annual Meeting or vote by proxy using the enclosed proxy card. Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, Caladrius urges you to vote by proxy to ensure your vote is counted. You may still attend the Annual Meeting and vote virtually if you have already voted by proxy. As a stockholder of record:

•	to vote virtually, attend the virtual Annual Meeting and you may vote your shares electronically through the portal;

•	to vote using the proxy card, simply mark, sign and date your proxy card and return it promptly in the postage-paid envelope provided; if you return your signed proxy card to Caladrius before the Annual Meeting, Caladrius will vote your shares as you direct; and

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to vote by telephone or on the Internet, dial the phone number on the proxy card or voting instruction form or visit the website on the proxy card or voting instruction form to complete an electronic proxy card; you will be asked to provide the company number and control number from the enclosed proxy card and your vote must be received by 11:59 p.m. Eastern time on September 12, 2022, to be counted.

If your shares of Caladrius Common Stock are held in an account at a brokerage firm, bank, dealer or other similar organization, that is, in “street name,” you should receive voting instructions from the organization that holds your shares. If you do not give instructions to such organization, as your nominee, such nominee can vote your shares of Caladrius Common Stock with respect to “discretionary” items but not with respect to “non-discretionary” items. Discretionary items are proposals considered routine under Rule 452 of the New York Stock Exchange for which your broker or other agent may vote shares held in “street name” in the absence of your voting instructions. On non-discretionary items for which you do not give your broker or other agent instructions, the shares of Caladrius Common Stock will be treated as broker non-votes. It is anticipated that all proposals other than Proposal Nos. 2 and 5 will be non-discretionary items.

All properly executed proxies that are not revoked will be voted at the Annual Meeting and at any adjournments or postponements of the Annual Meeting in accordance with the instructions contained in the proxy. If a holder of shares of Caladrius Common Stock executes and returns a proxy and does not specify otherwise, the shares of Caladrius Common Stock represented by that proxy will be voted “FOR” all of the proposals in accordance with the recommendation of the Caladrius Board of Directors.

Caladrius Stockholders of record, other than those Caladrius Stockholders who have executed support agreements, may change their vote at any time before their proxy is voted at the Annual Meeting in one of three ways:

•	send timely written notice to Caladrius’ Corporate Secretary stating that the stockholder would like to revoke its proxy;

•	submit new proxy instructions either on a new proxy card or via phone or the Internet; or

•	attend the Annual Meeting and vote virtually. Simply attending the Annual Meeting will not, by itself, revoke your proxy.

If a Caladrius Stockholder of record who owns shares of Caladrius Common Stock in “street name” has instructed a broker to vote its shares of Caladrius Common Stock, the stockholder must follow the directions received from its broker to change those instructions.

Required Vote

The presence, in person or represented by proxy, at the Annual Meeting of the holders of a majority of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting is necessary to constitute a quorum at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes will be counted toward a quorum. The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast in person or by proxy at the Annual Meeting, assuming a quorum is present, is required for approval of Proposal Nos. 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8. The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of shares of Caladrius Common Stock having voting power outstanding on the Record Date is required for approval of Proposal Nos. 2 and 3. Broker non-votes will not be counted towards the vote total for Proposal Nos. 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” Proposal Nos. 2 and 3. With respect to Proposal No. 4, the three nominees receiving the most “FOR” votes (from the votes of shares present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the election of

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directors) will be elected. Broker non-votes will not be counted towards the vote total for Proposal No. 4. The approval of Proposal No. 1 is a condition to the completion of the Merger. Therefore, the Merger cannot be consummated without the approval of Proposal No. 1. The approval of the Reverse Stock Split (Proposal No. 2) is required in order to avoid a potential delisting of Caladrius Common Stock from The Nasdaq Capital Market. However, the approval of the Reverse Stock Split (Proposal No. 2) is not a condition to closing the Merger and is also not conditioned upon the consummation of the Merger, and as such the Reverse Stock Split may be implemented by the Caladrius Board of Directors even if the Merger does not take place. Proposal No. 3 is conditioned upon the consummation of the Merger. If the Merger is not completed, Proposal No. 3 will not be implemented, and Caladrius’ name will not be changed pursuant to this proposal.

Votes will be counted by the inspector of election appointed for the Annual Meeting, who will separately count “FOR,” “AGAINST” and “WITHHOLD” votes, abstentions and broker non-votes. “WITHHOLD” votes with respect to the election of one or more nominees for director pursuant to Proposal No. 4 will not be voted with respect to the director or directors indicated, although they will be counted for purposes of determining the presence of a quorum for the transaction of business at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes will also be treated as shares present for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum for the transaction of business at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes will not, however, be considered votes cast at the Annual Meeting and will therefore not have any effect with respect to Proposal Nos. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have the same effect as “AGAINST” votes for Proposal Nos. 2 and 3.

As of June 13, 2022, the directors and executive officers of Caladrius beneficially owned approximately 1.8% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. Certain of the directors and executive officers of Caladrius are subject to support agreements. Each Caladrius Stockholder that entered into a support agreement has agreed to vote all shares of Caladrius Common Stock owned by such holder as of the Record Date (a) in favor of (i) the approval of the Merger Agreement, (ii) the approval of the transactions contemplated therein, including the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock pursuant to the Merger Agreement, (iii) the adoption of an amendment to Caladrius’ amended and restated certificate of incorporation to effect the Reverse Stock Split, (iv) the adoption of an amendment to Caladrius’ amended and restated certificate of incorporation to effect the Caladrius Name Change, (v) any proposal to adjourn or postpone the Annual Meeting to a later date, if there are not sufficient votes for the approval of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein, including the issuance of Caladrius Common Stock pursuant to the Merger Agreement on the date on which such meeting is held, and (vi) any other proposal included in the proxy statement in connection with, or related to, the consummation of the Merger for which the Caladrius Board of Directors has recommended that Caladrius Stockholders vote in favor; and (b) against any competing Acquisition Proposal with respect to Caladrius. As of June 13, 2022, Caladrius is not aware of any affiliate of Cend owning any shares of Caladrius Common Stock entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting.

Solicitation of Proxies

In addition to solicitation by mail, the directors, officers, employees and agents of Caladrius may solicit proxies from Caladrius Stockholders by personal interview, telephone, telegram or otherwise. Caladrius and Cend will share equally the costs of printing and filing this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement and proxy card. Arrangements will also be made with brokerage firms and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries who are record holders of Caladrius Common Stock for the forwarding of solicitation materials to the beneficial owners of Caladrius Common Stock. Caladrius will reimburse these brokers, custodians, nominees and fiduciaries for the reasonable out-of-pocket expenses they incur in connection with the forwarding of solicitation materials. Caladrius has retained Alliance Advisors to assist it in soliciting proxies using the means referred to above. Caladrius will pay the fees of Alliance Advisors, which Caladrius expects to be approximately $200,000 to $300,000, plus reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses.

Other Matters

As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement, the Caladrius Board of Directors does not know of any business to be presented at the Annual Meeting other than as set forth in the notice accompanying this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. If any other matters should properly come before the Annual Meeting, it is intended that the shares represented by proxies will be voted with respect to such matters in accordance with the judgment of the persons voting the proxies.

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THE MERGER

This section and the section entitled “The Merger Agreement” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement describe the material aspects of the Merger, including the Merger Agreement. While Caladrius and Cend believe that this description covers the material terms of the Merger and the Merger Agreement, it may not contain all of the information that is important to you. You should read carefully this entire proxy statement/prospectus/information statement for a more complete understanding of the Merger and the Merger Agreement, including the Merger Agreement attached to this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement as Annex A, the opinion of Back Bay attached as Annex B, and the other documents to which you are referred herein. See the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Background of the Merger

The Caladrius Board of Directors and Caladrius’ management team regularly review Caladrius’ operating and strategic plans, both near-term and long-term, as well as various strategic alternatives in an effort to enhance stockholder value. As noted in its prior Annual Reports on Form 10-K, the Caladrius Board of Directors and management team have focused on, among other things, the opportunities and risks associated with Caladrius’ business and financial condition, potential partnering opportunities and strategic relationships, and other strategic options.

The terms of the Merger Agreement with Cend are the result of extensive arm’s-length negotiations among members of the Caladrius management team, and the management team of Cend, along with their respective advisors and under the guidance of each company’s board of directors. Caladrius followed a careful process assisted by experienced outside financial, scientific and legal advisors to rigorously examine potential transactions and transaction candidates through broad outreach to life sciences companies and a thorough process of evaluation of prospective strategic partners. The following is a summary of the background of the process undertaken by Caladrius, the identification and evaluation of strategic alternatives and the negotiation of the Merger Agreement with Cend.

On January 25, 2021, Caladrius announced that it had closed on a private placement sale of its common stock and warrants to purchase common stock, gross proceeds of which totaled approximately $25 million.

On February 12, 2021, Caladrius announced that it had entered into securities purchase agreements with several institutional investors to purchase shares and warrants, in a registered direct offering, gross proceeds of which totaled approximately $65 million.

Following these announcements, Caladrius’ management, along with its then engaged financial advisor, engaged in discussions relating to potential measures to preserve its cash while maximizing stockholder value.

On February 18, 2021, Dr. David J. Mazzo, Ph.D., Caladrius’ chief executive officer and president, received a telephone call from a board member and majority shareholder of Company A, a clinical-stage specialty pharmaceutical company developing treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension and related diseases, a company of which Caladrius had performed a prior review in 2018. During such call, the representative of Company A expressed to Dr. Mazzo that Company A may be interested in exploring a strategic transaction with Caladrius whereby Caladrius would acquire all outstanding shares of Company A using Caladrius Common Stock as consideration for such acquisition.

On March 1, 2021, Caladrius and Company A executed a mutual nondisclosure agreement which did not include a standstill provision. Following execution of the nondisclosure agreement, members of Caladrius’ management team held an introductory meeting, on March 2, 2021, with Company A to discuss Company A’s business and a potential strategic transaction involving Caladrius. During such introductory meeting, the chief executive officer of Company A indicated to Caladrius’ management team that Company A was already reviewing two other potential strategic transactions of its own such that, if Caladrius’ management team and the Caladrius Board of Directors were interested in pursuing a transaction with Company A, any diligence and negotiation towards such a transaction would likely have to be on an accelerated timeline.

On March 3, 2021, both Caladrius and Company A provided one another access to the other’s virtual data room. Access to Company A’s data room was provided to members of the Caladrius clinical team, certain members of the Caladrius Board of Directors and a scientific KOL, a cardiologist, with whom Caladrius had engaged on prior diligence exercises.

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On March 15, 2021, Company A presented its programs to the Caladrius management team. Among the items presented were preclinical findings of a revised formulation of Company A’s lead asset as well as a timeline of both near and long-term news flow which Company A predicted as its assets move through the clinic.

On April 14, 2021, Caladrius’ management team held a meeting with members of the Caladrius Board of Directors and its then engaged financial advisor to discuss competing assets under evaluation, timing and any associated financial implications thereto.

On April 15, 2021, Caladrius held a meeting with members of the Caladrius Board of Directors to discuss updates of its review of Company A, along with other assets and companies under evaluation. Caladrius executed a consulting agreement with a second scientific KOL, a pulmonary disease specialist, to perform diligence of Company A.

On April 16, 2021, Dr. Mazzo had a telephonic meeting with a board member of Company A, whereby Company A reaffirmed its intent to complete a transaction with Caladrius, in favor of the two other companies actively performing diligence. Dr. Mazzo made clear that diligence of Company A remained underway, and that Caladrius, with the guidance of the Caladrius Board of Directors, would have a conclusive decision upon completion of the required due diligence.

On May 19, 2021, Caladrius formally engaged Back Bay to provide financial and technical advisory services, including conducting a broad market search to identify and begin outreach to suitable merger and licensing candidates, as well as providing additional diligence of existing asset and company targets.

On May 21, 2021, certain members of the Caladrius Board of Directors and its management team participated in a videoconference with the Chief Medical Officer of Company A to discuss outstanding technical diligence-related questions as well as addressing key concerns which had arisen from the review by Caladrius’ engaged KOLs.

On June 7, 2021, at the direction of the Caladrius Board of Directors, Dr. Mazzo delivered an indication of interest for a business combination transaction involving Caladrius and Company A to Company A’s chairman of its board of directors and chief executive officer by email. The indication of interest contemplated Caladrius’ acquisition of all outstanding shares of Company A using Caladrius’ Common Stock as consideration for such acquisition at a fixed exchange ratio.

On June 15, 2021, Dr. Mazzo, Dr. Gregory Brown, Chairman of Caladrius’ Board of Directors, representatives of Caladrius’ then engaged financial advisor, and members of Company A’s board held a meeting regarding the terms within Caladrius’ indication of interest to gauge timing and the proposed consideration.

On June 24, 2021, a board member of Company A, and chair of a special committee reviewing Caladrius’ proposal informed Dr. Mazzo via email that, although Company A appreciated receiving the offer, its board considered the consideration contemplated by Caladrius’ indication of interest to be inadequate and that a counterproposal would not be forthcoming. Dr. Mazzo responded by considering Caladrius’ indication of interest withdrawn.

On June 25, 2021, Caladrius commenced its weekly meetings with Back Bay to identify and evaluate opportunities and targets suitable for a merger, acquisition and/or licensing transaction. In its capacity as an advisor, cumulatively over time, Back Bay presented Caladrius with hundreds of potential opportunities for review which resulted in approximately ten executed non-disclosure agreements, none of which included a standstill provision. Upon the execution of a non-disclosure agreement, members of the Caladrius management and development team engaged in more profound technical and, in some cases, corporate due diligence of the corresponding target as a supplement to the initial screening diligence performed by Back Bay.

On October 4, 2021, Back Bay provided a non-confidential presentation of Company B, a therapeutics company targeting primary mitochondrial diseases, and encouraged Caladrius to review the literature and proposed proceeding to having company-to-company discussions following execution of a nondisclosure agreement.

On October 5, 2021, the Caladrius Board of Directors voted to establish the Transactions Committee, consisting of directors Gregory B. Brown, M.D., Cynthia L. Flowers, Steven M. Klosk and David J. Mazzo, Ph.D. The purpose of the Transactions Committee was to review, and potentially to assist with negotiations of, transactions that Caladrius’ management team believed may be suitable for future consideration by the Caladrius Board of Directors.

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On October 8, 2021, during a weekly meeting with Back Bay, members of Caladrius’ management team asked Back Bay to contact Cend as a potential target, citing the news flow of its published data presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology meeting in September 2020, and subsequent announcement of receiving FDA’s Fast Track Designation for treatment of pancreatic cancer on June 29, 2021.

On October 12, 2021, a nondisclosure agreement was executed between Caladrius and Company B, which did not include a standstill provision.

On October 15, 2021, an introductory meeting was held between Caladrius’ management team, Back Bay and the chief executive officer of Company B, a meeting in which the chief executive officer of Company B made clear that due to governing rules of Company B’s corporate domicile, Caladrius must provide a formal indication of interest, absent any specific considerations, prior to commencing due diligence and obtaining access to Company B’s data room.

On October 20, 2021, Back Bay delivered Caladrius’ formal indication of interest to Company B.

On November 1, 2021, both Caladrius and Company B provided one another access to the other’s virtual data room.

On November 2, 2021, Back Bay emailed David Slack, president and chief executive officer of Cend to set up a meeting. A meeting between representatives of Back Bay and Mr. Slack transpired on November 4, 2021, introducing Caladrius, without making specific mention of Caladrius.

On November 15, 2021, Caladrius discovered that the lead program of Company B was on a full clinical hold, information not previously disclosed by Company B. Dr. Mazzo instructed Caladrius’ management team and Back Bay to halt the ongoing diligence until the matter was adequately resolved.

On November 16, 2021, a nondisclosure agreement was executed between Caladrius and Cend, which did not include a standstill provision.

On November 17, 2021, Dr. Mazzo and Mr. Slack had an introductory meeting over videoconference.

On November 24, 2021, the chief executive officer of Company B notified Dr. Mazzo that the clinical hold had been lifted and its IND approved, thereby ensuring that diligence could resume.

On December 1, 2021, Dr. Mazzo and Mr. Slack held an in-person meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, to discuss the businesses of Caladrius and Cend, respectively, and Caladrius’ potential interest in pursuing a strategic transaction with Cend.

On December 6, 2021, Dr. Mazzo requested certain diligence items of Company B’s chief executive officer that were either unknown, had gone unanswered or were unable to be found within Company B’s data room.

On December 8, 2021, during Caladrius’ regularly scheduled quarterly Caladrius Board of Directors meeting, members of the Caladrius team and Back Bay presented its findings of Company B, outstanding items from diligence and gating factors.

On December 15, 2021, Caladrius’ management and Back Bay participated in an introductory call with management of Cend and its scientific founder, Erkki Ruoslahti, MD, PhD. During the call, Dr. Mazzo provided an overview of Caladrius, its technology and pipeline activities. In kind, Mr. Slack presented an overview of Cend, its technology and pipeline activities.

On December 16, 2021, Dr. Mazzo had a telephonic meeting with the chairman of Company B’s board of directors and expressed Caladrius’ willingness to proceed with diligence with the hopes of concluding a transaction; however, he indicated that Caladrius could not proceed with due diligence until the open diligence items were provided and addressed.

On December 17, 2021, Mr. Slack delivered to representatives of Back Bay responses to certain due diligence questions previously delivered to Cend by Back Bay. Back Bay circulated such responses to Caladrius’ management team.

On December 20, 2021, Mr. Slack called Dr. Mazzo and reaffirmed Cend’s interest in pursuing a transaction with Caladrius.

On January 6, 2022, Mr. Slack delivered a non-binding indication of interest for a business combination transaction involving Caladrius and Cend to Dr. Mazzo by email.

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Between January 12 and January 20, 2022, Back Bay arranged and hosted five independent calls with pancreatic cancer physicians and KOLs, and presented, in a blinded manner, Cend’s technology and clinical findings; feedback of which was largely met with optimism. Members of Caladrius management team participated in each of the calls.

Throughout January and into March, representatives from Caladrius, their advisors and Cend continued to perform due diligence on one another.

On January 12, 2022, the Transactions Committee, as well as members of Caladrius’ management team, Back Bay and representatives of Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C., outside legal counsel to Caladrius (“Mintz”), held a meeting via videoconference to discuss Cend’s non-binding indication of interest and the desired response.

On January 17, 2022, Caladrius held a meeting to discuss a counterproposal to Cend’s indication of interest with members of its management team, Dr. Brown, Back Bay, and Mintz.

On January 18, 2022, following a call between the two; Dr. Mazzo provided Mr. Slack, via email, a counterproposal to Cend’s indication of interest. In addition, on January 18, 2022, Mr. Slack delivered to representatives of Back Bay responses to certain due diligence questions previously delivered to Cend by Back Bay.

On January 21, 2022, Cend formally engaged Evercore Group LLC (“Evercore”) to advise on potential strategic transactions.

From January 31, 2022, through February 4, 2022, Dr. Mazzo had a series of introductory meetings with members of the Cend Board of Directors; with director, Dr. Mike Sailor on January 31, with scientific founder and chairman, Dr. Erkki Ruoslahti on February 2, and with director, Ms. Heidi Henson on February 4, respectively.

On February 9, 2022, Mr. Slack notified Dr. Mazzo, via email, that Cend was exploring a transaction with another party, and though each party remained far apart on relative valuation, that a definitive decision with the other party would be made clear in a matter of weeks, if not days.

On February 15, 2022, Caladrius’ management team held a meeting to discuss strategy and other opportunities in the event a transaction with Cend did not materialize.

On February 22, 2022, Mr. Slack notified Dr. Mazzo by email, that Cend’s discussions with the other party had ceased, thereby ensuring that Caladrius and Cend could resume discussions.

Between February 23, 2022, and March 1, 2022, Dr. Mazzo participated in several telephonic meetings with Mr. Slack to discuss Caladrius’ interest in pursuing a strategic transaction with Cend.

On March 1, 2022, Dr. Mazzo and Mr. Slack met for dinner in San Diego, California, followed by a full day of meetings, on March 2, 2022, at Cend’s offices. Among other things, Dr. Mazzo and Mr. Slack discussed the potential management structure of a combined entity.

On March 9, 2022, Mr. Slack presented an overview of Cend, its technology and rationale for a transaction to the Caladrius Board of Directors during Caladrius’ regularly scheduled quarterly Caladrius Board of Directors meeting. Also on that day, Dr. Mazzo presented an overview of Caladrius, its technology and rationale for a transaction to the Cend Board of Directors during Cend’s regularly scheduled quarterly board meeting.

On March 13, 2022, Caladrius and Cend executed a non-binding term sheet with a 90-day period of exclusivity. Also, following execution of the term sheet, the parties corresponded, via email, regarding the concept of having a development agreement in place, whereby Caladrius would invest into Cend an undetermined sum to fund Cend’s clinical efforts in advance of a merger closing.

On March 14, 2022, members of Caladrius, Back Bay and Mintz discussed the scope of the proposed Merger Agreement concomitant with a joint development agreement and investment in Cend. Also on March 14, 2022, Dr. Brown, held a videoconference with Dr. Ruoslahti.

On March 21, 2022, representatives of Mintz, delivered to Caladrius and Back Bay, a draft of the proposed Merger Agreement.

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Between March 23, 2022, and March 30, 2022, members of Caladrius, Mintz and Back Bay participated in several videoconferences to discuss the proposed joint development agreement and investment in Cend.

On March 29, 2022, following the inputs of Caladrius management and Back Bay, representatives of Mintz, delivered to Cend and Procopio, Cory, Hargreaves & Savitch LLP (“Procopio”), outside legal counsel to Cend, a draft of the proposed Merger Agreement.

On April 1, 2022, Procopio provided Mintz with a “high-level” issues list, including, among other things, a discussion of fiduciary outs and break-up fees and the introduction of a minimum cash closing condition.

On April 4, 2022, members of Caladrius’ management team, Back Bay and Mintz held a meeting to discuss the status and timing of the proposed joint development agreement with Mr. Slack and representatives of Procopio.

On April 6, 2022, Dr. Mazzo and Dr. Kristen K. Buck, Caladrius’ EVP of R&D and Chief Medical Officer, participated in meetings with Mr. Slack and Dr. Andrew Dorr, Cend’s consulting Chief Medical Officer, at Cend’s offices. Also on April 6, representatives of Procopio delivered via email, a proposal in which terms of the joint development agreement would be bifurcated into two separate agreements: a follow-on investment round of funding, comprised of broad provisions and rights therewith, along with a technical collaboration agreement, governed via a joint steering committee with equal participants from both Caladrius and Cend. Also on April 6, Procopio provided Mintz with an updated term sheet related to the proposed investment by Caladrius in Cend.

On April 7, 2022, members of Caladrius’ management team, representatives of Mintz and Back Bay held a meeting to discuss terms of the proposed investment agreement.

On April 8, 2022, members of Caladrius and Back Bay held a meeting on items related to Caladrius’ balance sheet and any impact thereto, of its investment in Cend. Also on April 8, Mintz provided Procopio with responses to the term sheet related to the proposed investment by Caladrius in Cend, including a discussion of voting rights and anti-dilution protection.

On April 11, 2022, the Transactions Committee, as well as members of Caladrius’ management team and representatives of Mintz, held a meeting via videoconference to outline terms of each the Merger Agreement, Purchase Agreement and Collaboration Agreement. With Mintz’s guidance, the Transaction Committee provided its input on certain covenants and provisions of the Merger Agreement, specifically, termination fees payable by each party in the event of termination in certain circumstances, closing conditions, deal-related fees and expenses and rights provided to Caladrius within the Purchase Agreement.

On April 12, 2022, representatives of Caladrius and Mintz held a meeting to discuss Caladrius’ representations and warranties. Also on April 12, a representative of Caladrius, its outside patent counsel of McCarter & English, Mr. Slack, and a representative of Procopio had a meeting, via videoconference, to discuss Cend’s intellectual property representations and warranties.

On April 13, 2022, members of Caladrius’ management team, representatives of Mintz and Back Bay held a meeting to discuss terms of the Merger Agreement, specifically the provision regarding Caladrius’ net cash at closing. Also on April 13, Dr. Mazzo, Dr. Buck, Mr. Slack, Dr. Ruoslahti, and Dr. Dorr, had a meeting, via videoconference, to discuss Cend’s proposed upcoming clinical studies and Mintz had a meeting with Procopio to discuss open items in the Merger Agreement, including termination fees and closing conditions.

On April 14, 2022, Mintz provided Procopio with the forms of support agreement and lock-up agreements.

On April 18, 2022, representatives of Caladrius and Mintz held a meeting to discuss open points, specifically with respect to the disclosure schedules to be attached to the Merger Agreement.

On April 20, 2022, the Transactions Committee, members of Caladrius’ management team and representatives of Mintz, held a meeting via videoconference, seeking guidance and resolution of key issues respective to the Merger Agreement. Also on April 20, 2022, members of Caladrius’ management team, representatives from Mintz, representatives of Back Bay, Mr. Slack, representatives of Procopio, and representatives of Evercore, held a meeting to discuss remaining issues associated with the Merger Agreement, including the exchange ratio, Caladrius’ anticipated cash at closing, Cend’s transaction-related expenses, capital allocation, and Caladrius’ fully-diluted cap table, including warrants, outstanding equity awards and equity plan reserves. In addition, on April 20, Procopio provided Mintz with a revised draft of the Merger Agreement.

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On April 21, 2022, representatives of Caladrius, Mintz and Procopio held a meeting to review both parties’ respective capitalization tables. Also on April 21, Mintz provided Procopio with a revised draft of the Merger Agreement.

On April 22, 2022, representatives of Caladrius and Mintz held a meeting to discuss specifics of Caladrius’ assumptions of net cash at closing and discussions regarding the structure of the proposed investment by Caladrius in Cend. Also on April 22, Procopio provided Mintz with a revised draft of the Merger Agreement.

On April 23, 2022, Dr. Mazzo, representatives of Mintz, Mr. Slack, and representatives at Procopio held a meeting to resolve all remaining issues associated with the Purchase Agreement and the Merger Agreement, specifically regarding Caladrius’ anticipated cash at closing, the targeted closing date of the transaction and anti-dilution rights of potential future down-rounds. Following this meeting, Mintz provided Procopio with a revised draft of the Merger Agreement.

On April 24, 2022, members of Caladrius, representatives of Mintz, representatives of Procopio, and representatives of Evercore held a meeting, by videoconference, to discuss adjustments to net cash at the closing and the definition and calculations of the exchange ratio. Later on April 24, Mintz circulated the final executable copy of the Merger Agreement to each of Caladrius, Back Bay, Cend, Procopio, and Evercore.

On April 25, 2022, the Caladrius Board of Directors held a videoconference meeting for the purpose of reviewing and discussing the final terms of the Merger Agreement, including consideration of the fairness analysis by Back Bay with respect to the merger consideration and receiving an update as to timing of the merger. Participants included all members of the Caladrius Board of Directors, and representatives from Caladrius’ management team, Back Bay, and Mintz.

The Mintz representative provided a detailed review of the material terms of the Merger Agreement, Collaboration Agreement and Purchase Agreement. Representatives of Mintz also reviewed with the Caladrius Board of Directors the final forms of the Voting Agreement and lock-up agreement to be entered into by the directors and officers. During this review, several areas where Caladrius was successful in negotiating concessions or better outcomes than were originally advanced by Cend (including with respect to termination provisions and fees and deal structuring provisions that increased deal certainty from Caladrius' perspective) were discussed, as well as other negotiated points. During this presentation, questions from the directors were addressed, including a detailed discussion about the minimum cash closing requirement and Caladrius' comfort level of satisfying that condition under various scenarios.

Representatives from Back Bay provided a detailed fairness presentation, during which directors' questions were asked and answered.

The Mintz representative also provided a review of the Caladrius Board of Directors’ fiduciary duties and other legal aspects of the transaction. The Caladrius Board of Directors expressed consensus and satisfaction that a full and complete process had been run and that the appropriate corporate governance steps had been taken. The Caladrius Board of Directors reiterated its view that the proposed transaction was the best opportunity for maximizing Caladrius stockholder value, noting the objective merits of both the process that had been engaged in, the ultimate selection of Cend based on scientific, clinical, and probability-of-success rationale, along with the deal terms.

After it was confirmed that there were no material changes to the Merger Agreement from the version it had previously reviewed, Back Bay orally presented its fairness opinion, which was confirmed by delivery of a written opinion dated April 25, 2022, that, as of that date, and based upon the assumptions, qualifications and limitations set forth in its opinion, the Exchange Ratio was fair, from a financial point of view, to the Caladrius Stockholders.

Following these presentations and discussions, representatives of Mintz reviewed with the Caladrius Board of Directors the proposed resolutions that had been provided in advance of the meeting. Following review and discussion among the participants, the Caladrius Board of Directors unanimously determined that the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, including the Merger and the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock to the Cend Stockholders pursuant to the Merger Agreement, were fair to, advisable and in the best interest of Caladrius and the Caladrius Stockholders; approved and declared advisable the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein, including the Merger and the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock to the Cend Stockholders; and determined to recommend, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the

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Merger Agreement, that the Caladrius Stockholders vote to approve the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein, including the Merger and the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock to the Cend Stockholders. In the evening of April 26, 2022, the Merger Agreement and related signing agreements were signed.

On April 27, 2022, at 8:30 A.M. Eastern Time, Caladrius and Cend issued a joint press release publicly announcing the signing of the definitive Merger Agreement.

Caladrius Reasons for the Merger

The Caladrius Board of Directors considered the following factors in reaching its conclusion to approve the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby and to recommend that Caladrius Stockholders approve the Merger Agreement, and thereby approve the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, including the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock in the Merger, all of which the Caladrius Board of Directors viewed as supporting its decision to approve the business combination with Cend:

•	the Caladrius Board of Directors and its financial advisor undertook a comprehensive and thorough process of reviewing and analyzing potential merger candidates to identify the opportunity that would, in the Caladrius Board of Directors’ opinion, create the most value for Caladrius Stockholders;

•

the Caladrius Board of Directors believes that, as a result of arm’s length negotiations with Cend, Caladrius and its representatives negotiated the highest exchange ratio that Cend was willing to agree to and that the terms of the Merger Agreement include the most favorable terms to Caladrius in the aggregate to which Cend was willing to agree;

•

the Caladrius Board of Directors believes that, after a thorough review of strategic alternatives and discussions with Caladrius’ senior management, financial advisors and legal counsel, the Merger is more favorable to Caladrius Stockholders than the potential value that might have resulted from other strategic options available to Caladrius;

•

the Caladrius Board of Directors believes, based in part on scientific diligence and analysis of Cend’s product pipeline, its therapeutic discovery capabilities, the potential market opportunity for its products and the expertise of its scientific team, which was conducted over several weeks by Caladrius’ management and reviewed with the Caladrius Board of Directors, that Cend’s potential product candidates represent a sizeable market opportunity, and may thereby create value for the stockholders of the combined organization and an opportunity for Caladrius Stockholders to participate in the potential growth of the combined organization;

•

the Caladrius Board of Directors also reviewed with the management of Caladrius and the management of Cend the current plans of Cend for developing CEND-1 to confirm the likelihood that the combined organization would possess sufficient financial resources to allow the management team to focus on the continued development and anticipated commercialization of those development candidates, and also considered the possibility that the combined organization would be able to take advantage of the potential benefits resulting from the combination of Caladrius’ public company structure with Cend’s business to raise additional funds in the future, if necessary;

•

the Caladrius Board of Directors also considered the strength of the balance sheet of the combined organization, in addition to the approximately $69.9 million of net cash that Caladrius is expected to have immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger, assuming for this purpose a closing date of September 30, 2022;

•	the Caladrius Board of Directors also considered that the combined organization will be led by an experienced senior management team and a board of directors with representation from each of the current boards of directors of Caladrius and Cend; and

•

the Caladrius Board of Directors considered the financial analyses of Back Bay, including its opinion to the Caladrius Board of Directors as to the fairness to Caladrius Stockholders, from a financial point of view as of the date of the opinion, of the Exchange Ratio, as more fully described below under the caption “The Merger—Opinion of the Caladrius Financial Advisor.”

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The Caladrius Board of Directors also reviewed various factors impacting the financial condition, results of operations and prospects for Caladrius, including:

•	the strategic alternatives to the Merger, including potential transactions that could have resulted from discussions that Caladrius’ management conducted with other potential merger, acquisition and licensing partners;

•	the risks associated with continuing to operate Caladrius drug development programs on a stand-alone basis without diversifying its pipeline of development product candidates; and

•	Caladrius’ potential inability to maintain its listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market without completing the Merger and the Reverse Stock Split.

The Caladrius Board of Directors also reviewed the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement and associated transactions, as well as the safeguards and protective provisions included therein intended to mitigate risks, including:

•

the initial Exchange Ratio used to establish the number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock to be issued to Cend Stockholders in the Merger was determined based on the relative valuations of the companies, and thus the relative percentage ownership of Caladrius Stockholders and Cend Stockholders immediately following the completion of the Merger is subject to adjustment based on the amount of Caladrius’ net cash immediately prior to Closing and Cend’s unpaid transaction costs;

•	the limited number and nature of the conditions to Cend’s obligation to consummate the Merger and the limited risk of non-satisfaction of such conditions as well as the likelihood that the Merger will be consummated on a timely basis;

•	the respective rights of, and limitations on, Caladrius and Cend under the Merger Agreement to consider certain unsolicited Acquisition Proposals under certain circumstances should Caladrius or Cend receive a superior offer;

•	the reasonableness of the potential termination fee of $1.0 million or $4.0 million, as applicable, and related reimbursement of certain transaction expenses of up to $1.0 million, which could become payable by either Caladrius or Cend if the Merger Agreement is terminated in certain circumstances;

•

the support agreements, pursuant to which the directors and officers of Caladrius and the directors, officers and certain stockholders of Cend have agreed, solely in their capacity as stockholders of Caladrius and Cend, respectively, to vote all of their shares of Caladrius Common Stock or Cend Capital Stock in favor of the approval or adoption, respectively, of the Merger Agreement;

•

the agreement of Cend to provide the written consent of Cend Stockholders necessary to adopt the Merger Agreement thereby approving the Merger and related transactions within two business days of the registration statement on Form S-4, of which this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is a part, becoming effective; and

•	the belief that the terms of the Merger Agreement, including the parties’ representations, warranties and covenants, and the conditions to their respective obligations, are reasonable under the circumstances.

In the course of its deliberations, the Caladrius Board of Directors also considered a variety of risks and other countervailing factors related to entering into the Merger, including:

•

the $1.0 million termination fee and up to $1.0 million in related expense reimbursement obligations payable by Caladrius to Cend upon the occurrence of certain events and the potential effect of such fees in deterring other potential acquirers from proposing an alternative transaction that may be more advantageous to Caladrius Stockholders;

•	the substantial expenses to be incurred in connection with the Merger, including the costs associated with any related litigation;

•	the possible volatility, at least in the short term, of the trading price of Caladrius Common Stock resulting from the announcement of the Merger;

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•	the risk that the Merger might not be consummated in a timely manner or at all and the potential adverse effect on the reputation of Caladrius of the public announcement of the Merger or delay or failure to complete the Merger;

•	the likely detrimental effect on Caladrius’ cash position, stock price and ability to initiate another process and to successfully complete an alternative transaction should the Merger not be completed;

•	the risk to Caladrius’ business, operations and financial results in the event that the Merger is not consummated, including the diminution of Caladrius’ cash and its possible inability to raise additional capital through the public or private sale of equity securities;

•	the likelihood of disruptive stockholder litigation following announcement of the Merger;

•	the unproven, early-stage nature of Cend’s product candidates, which may not be successfully developed into products that are marketed and sold;

•	the strategic direction of the combined organization following the completion of the Merger; and

•	various other risks associated with the combined organization and the Merger, including those described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

The foregoing information and factors considered by the Caladrius Board of Directors are not intended to be exhaustive but are believed to include all of the material factors considered by the Caladrius Board of Directors. In view of the wide variety of factors considered in connection with its evaluation of the Merger and the complexity of these matters, the Caladrius Board of Directors did not find it useful to attempt, and did not attempt, to quantify, rank or otherwise assign relative weights to these factors. In considering the factors described above, individual members of the Caladrius Board of Directors may have given different weight to different factors. The Caladrius Board of Directors conducted an overall analysis of the factors described above, including thorough discussions with, and questioning of, Caladrius’ management team, members of the Strategy Committee and the legal and financial advisors of Caladrius, and considered the factors overall to be favorable to, and to support, its determination.

Cend Reasons for the Merger

The following discussion sets forth material factors considered by the Cend Board of Directors in reaching its determination to approve the Merger Agreement and approve the Merger; however, it may not include all of the factors considered by the Cend Board of Directors. In light of the number and wide variety of factors considered in connection with its evaluation of the Merger Agreement and the Merger, the Cend Board of Directors did not consider it practicable to, and did not attempt to, quantify or otherwise assign relative weights to the specific factors it considered in reaching its determination. The Cend Board of Directors viewed its position and determinations as being based on all of the information available and the factors presented to and considered by it. In addition, individual directors may have given different weight to different factors.

In the course of reaching its decision to approve the Merger, the Cend Board of Directors engaged Evercore to represent it in negotiations and provide guidance in determining whether a proposed merger was favorable. Cend also consulted with Cend’s senior management, financial and tax advisors and legal counsel, reviewed a significant amount of information and considered a number of factors, including, among others:

•	historical and current information concerning Cend’s business, including its financial performance and condition, operations, management and competitive position;

•	the potential increased access to sources of capital and a broader range of investors to support the clinical development of its therapeutic candidates following consummation of the transaction compared to if Cend continued to operate as a privately held company;

•	the potential to provide current Cend Stockholders with greater liquidity by owning stock in a public company;

•	the Cend Board of Directors’ belief that no alternatives to the Merger were reasonably likely to create greater value for Cend Stockholders, after reviewing the various financing and other strategic options to enhance stockholder value that were considered by the Cend Board of Directors;

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•	the $10 million of cash resources provided to Cend by Caladrius pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and the cash resources of the combined organization expected to be available at the Closing relative to the anticipated burn rate of the combined organization;

•	the availability of appraisal rights under the DGCL to Cend Stockholders who comply with the required procedures under the DGCL, which allow such Cend Stockholders to seek appraisal of the fair value of their shares of Cend Capital Stock as determined by the Delaware Court of Chancery;

•	the expectation that the Merger would be a higher probability and more cost-effective means to access capital than other options considered by the Cend Board of Directors, including additional private financings or an initial public offering;

•	the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, including, without limitation, the following:

•

the determination that the expected relative percentage ownership of Caladrius Stockholders and Cend Stockholders in the combined organization was appropriate, in the judgment of the Cend Board of Directors, based on the Cend Board of Directors’ assessment of the approximate valuations of Caladrius (including the value of the net cash Caladrius is expected to provide to the combined organization) and Cend (including the value of the net cash Cend is expected to provide to the combined organization);

•	the expectation that the Merger will be treated as a reorganization for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

•	the limited number and nature of the conditions to the obligation of Caladrius to consummate the Merger;

•	the rights of Cend under the Merger Agreement to consider certain unsolicited Acquisition Proposals under certain circumstances should Cend receive a superior proposal;

•

the conclusion of the Cend Board of Directors that the potential termination fee of $1.0 million payable by Caladrius and $4.0 million payable by Cend and related reimbursement of certain transaction expenses of up to $1.0 million, which could become payable by either Caladrius or Cend if the Merger Agreement is terminated in certain circumstances, were reasonable; and

•	the belief that the other terms of the Merger Agreement, including the parties’ representations, warranties and covenants, and the conditions to their respective obligations, were reasonable in light of the entire transaction;

•	the fact that shares of Caladrius Common Stock issued to Cend Stockholders will be registered on a Form S-4 registration statement and will become freely tradable for Cend Stockholders who are not affiliates of Cend and who are not parties to lock-up agreements;

•

the support agreements, pursuant to which certain directors, officers and stockholders of Caladrius and Cend, respectively, have agreed, solely in their capacity as stockholders of Caladrius and Cend, respectively, to vote all of their shares of Cend Capital Stock or Caladrius Common Stock in favor of the adoption or approval, respectively, of the Merger Agreement;

•	the ability to obtain a Nasdaq listing and the fact that Caladrius will, subject to approval by Caladrius Stockholders of Proposal No. 3, change its name to “Lisata Therapeutics, Inc.” upon the Closing;

•	the fact that the proposed Merger may enable certain stockholders of Caladrius and Cend to increase the value of their current shareholding; and

•	the likelihood that the Merger will be consummated on a timely basis.

The Cend Board of Directors also considered a number of uncertainties and risks in its deliberations concerning the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, including the following:

•	the possibility that the Merger might not be completed and the potential adverse effect of the public announcement of the Merger on the reputation of Cend and the ability of Cend to obtain financing in the future in the event the Merger is not completed;

•	the fact that the Exchange Ratio is not subject to adjustment based on the price of Caladrius Common Stock, which the Cend Board of Directors determined is appropriate to determine relative percentage ownership of Caladrius’ and Cend’s security holders;

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•

the termination fee of $4.0 million, or in some situations the reimbursement of certain transaction expenses incurred in connection with the Merger of up to $1.0 million, payable by Cend to Caladrius upon the occurrence of certain events, and the potential effect of such fees in deterring other potential acquirers from proposing an alternative transaction that may be more advantageous to Cend Stockholders;

•	the risk that the Merger might not be consummated in a timely manner or at all;

•	the expenses to be incurred in connection with the Merger and related administrative challenges associated with combining the companies;

•	the additional expenses and obligations Cend’s business will be subject to following the Merger that Cend has not previously been subject to, and the operational changes to Cend’s business, in each case that may result from being a public company;

•	the fact that the representations and warranties in the Merger Agreement do not survive the Closing and the potential risk of liabilities that may arise post-Closing; and

•	various other risks associated with the combined organization and the Merger, including the risks described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

The Cend Board of Directors weighed the benefits, advantages and opportunities of a potential transaction against the uncertainties and risks described above, as well as the possible diversion of Cend’s management’s attention for an extended period of time. After taking into account these and other factors, the Cend Board of Directors approved and authorized the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger.

Opinion of the Caladrius Financial Advisor

Caladrius engaged Back Bay to advise the Caladrius Board of Directors with respect to ongoing strategic planning and the consideration of alternative strategies, including a possible merger, pursuant to an engagement letter dated May 21, 2021. As part of this engagement and at the request of the Caladrius Board of Directors, Back Bay delivered an opinion, dated April 25, 2022, to the Caladrius Board of Directors to the effect that, as of that date and based on and subject to various assumptions, qualifications, matters considered and limitations described in the opinion, the consideration provided for in the Merger was fair, from a financial point of view, to Caladrius. For purposes of Back Bay’s analyses and opinion, the term consideration refers to (i) the cancellation of 1,135,650 shares of Cend Series D Preferred Stock, $0.00001 par value per share, which were issued to Caladrius for an aggregate purchase price of $10.0 million pursuant to the Purchase Agreement that was entered into by Caladrius and Cend concurrently with their entry into the Merger Agreement and (ii) the shares of Caladrius Common Stock to be issued to holders of Cend Capital Stock in the Merger.

Back Bay’s opinion was provided solely for the benefit of the Caladrius Board of Directors (in its capacity as such) in connection with, and for the purposes of, its evaluation of the Merger. Back Bay’s opinion addressed only the fairness, from a financial point of view and as of the date of such opinion, of the consideration (as expressly specified in such opinion) and did not address any other aspect of the Merger. Back Bay’s opinion did not address the relative merits of the Merger as compared to other business strategies or transactions that might be available to Caladrius or Caladrius’ underlying business decision to effect the Merger. Back Bay does not express any opinion and does not make any recommendation to any stockholder as to how such stockholder should vote or act with respect to the Merger or any proposal to be voted upon in connection with the Merger or otherwise.

Back Bay’s opinion does not address the relative merits of the Merger as compared to alternative transactions or strategies that might have been available to Caladrius, nor does it address the underlying business decision of Caladrius or the Caladrius Board of Directors to pursue, structure, approve, recommend or proceed with the Merger. Back Bay does not express any view on, and its opinion does not address, any other term or aspect of the Merger Agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby or any term or aspect of any other agreement or instrument contemplated by the Merger Agreement or entered into or amended in connection the entry into the Merger Agreement. No opinion, counsel or interpretation is intended in matters that require legal, regulatory, accounting, insurance, tax, or other similar professional advice. Back Bay relied, with the Caladrius Board of Directors’ consent, on the advice of the outside counsel and independent accountants of Caladrius, and on the assumptions of the management of Caladrius, as to all legal, regulatory, accounting, insurance, and tax matters with respect to Caladrius, Cend, and the Merger. In addition, Back Bay expressed no opinion on, and its opinion

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does not in any manner address, the fairness of the amount or the nature of any compensation to be paid to any officers, directors, or employees of any parties to the Merger, or any class of such persons, relative to the consideration paid in the Merger or otherwise. No limitations were imposed by the Caladrius Board of Directors upon Back Bay with respect to the investigations made or procedures followed by it in rendering its opinion.

In connection with its opinion, Back Bay among other things: (i) reviewed the draft Merger Agreement, dated April 24, 2022, and other related documentation, including the Collaboration Agreement and the Purchase Agreement; (ii) reviewed certain publicly available historic financials, operating data, and other business information regarding Caladrius; (iii) reviewed financial and operating information with respect to the business, operations and prospects of Caladrius furnished to Back Bay by Caladrius, including financial projections of Caladrius prepared by management of Caladrius, which are referred to herein as the Caladrius projections, (iv) reviewed financials, operating data, capitalization, pro formas, other internal documents, trading information of Caladrius stock, and other business information regarding Cend, prepared by and furnished to Back Bay by the management of Cend, including financial projections of Cend prepared by management of Cend, which are referred to herein as Cend projections, (v) held discussions with members of senior management of Caladrius and Cend, regarding past and current operations, financial condition and prospects; (vi) reviewed certain financial and stock market data of Caladrius and other selected publicly held companies Back Bay deemed to be comparable to Caladrius and Cend; (vii) reviewed the financial terms, to the extent publicly available, of certain announced acquisitions and corporate transactions Back Bay deemed to be comparable to the Merger; (viii) performed a discounted cash flow analysis of Cend on a stand-alone basis; and (ix) took into account such other quantitative analyses and other matters Back Bay deemed relevant and necessary, including an assessment of general economic, market and monetary conditions.

In conducting its review and analysis and in arriving at its opinion, Back Bay, with consent of the Caladrius Board of Directors, assumed and relied, without independent investigation, upon the accuracy and completeness of all financial and other information provided to Back Bay or publicly available. Back Bay did not undertake any responsibility for independently verifying, and did not independently verify the accuracy, completeness, or reasonableness of any such information and further relied upon the assurances of the management of Caladrius that they are not aware of any facts or circumstances that would make such information inaccurate or misleading. Back Bay did not make or obtain any independent evaluations, valuations or appraisals of the assets or liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of Caladrius or Cend, nor was Back Bay furnished with such materials. Back Bay made no independent investigation of any legal, accounting or tax matters relating to Caladrius, Cend, or the Merger, and assumed the correctness and adequacy of all legal, accounting and tax advice given. With respect to the Caladrius projections, upon the advice of the Caladrius Board of Directors, Back Bay assumed that such projections were reasonably prepared on a basis reflecting the best currently available estimates and judgments of the management of Caladrius as to the future financial performance of Caladrius and that Caladrius will perform substantially in accordance with such projections and relied on the Caladrius projections in arriving at its opinion. With respect to Cend projections, upon the advice and at the direction of the Caladrius Board of Directors, Back Bay assumed that such projections were reasonably prepared on a basis reflecting the best currently available estimates and judgments of the management of Cend as to the future financial performance of Cend and that Cend will perform substantially in accordance with such projections and relied on Cend projections in arriving at its opinion. Back Bay assumed in its analysis that Caladrius will be deemed to be the acquiring party for accounting purposes. For purposes of rendering its opinion, Back Bay assumed in all respects material to its analysis, that the consideration was determined through arm’s-length negotiations between the appropriate parties, that the representations and warranties of each party contained in the Merger Agreement are true and correct, that each party will perform all of the covenants and agreements required to be performed by it under the Merger Agreement without material alteration or waiver thereof, that all estimated financial forecasts will be realized, that all governmental, regulatory, shareholder or other consents and approvals necessary for the consummation of the Merger will be obtained without any adverse effect on the expected benefits of the Merger or in any way meaningful to its analysis, and that all conditions to the consummation of the proposed transaction will be satisfied without material alteration. Back Bay also assumed, with the consent of the Caladrius Board of Directors, that the final form of the Merger Agreement was substantially the same as the last draft reviewed by it.

In addition, Back Bay assumed, with the consent of the Caladrius Board of Directors, that the historical financial statements of Caladrius reviewed by Back Bay were prepared and fairly presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP consistently applied. Back Bay understood that Cend historical financial statements reviewed by Back Bay were not prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Back Bay assumed, with the consent of the Caladrius Board of Directors, that Cend historical financial statements reviewed by its are materially complete and fairly present the financial condition and results of operations of Cend as of and for the dates and periods indicated therein.

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Back Bay further assumed, with the consent of the Caladrius Board of Directors, that as of the date of its opinion, there had been no material adverse change in Caladrius’ or Cend’s assets, financial condition, results of operations, business, or prospects since the date of the last financial statements made available to Back Bay which change was not disclosed to Back Bay prior to the date of its opinion. Back Bay did not express any opinion as to (i) the value of any other arrangement entered into in connection with the Merger, or (ii) any tax or other consequences that might result from the proposed transaction. Back Bay did not express any opinion as to the impact of the Merger on the solvency or viability of the combined company.

Back Bay’s opinion does not address the relative merits of the Merger or any related transaction as compared to other business strategies or transactions that might be available to Caladrius or Caladrius’ underlying business decision to effect the Merger or any related transaction. Back Bay’s opinion does not constitute a recommendation to any stockholder as to how such stockholder should vote or act with respect to the Merger or any related transaction. At the Caladrius Board of Directors’ direction, Back Bay has not been asked to, nor has Back Bay, offered any opinion as to (i) the terms, other than the combined consideration to the extent expressly specified in its opinion, of the Merger Agreement or any related documents or the form of the Merger or any related transaction, (ii) the Cend Series D Preferred Stock private placement transaction in any respect, including the impact, terms and form of, and any documents relating to, the private placement transaction and the ability of the private placement transaction to be consummated. Back Bay expressed no opinion as to what the value of the Caladrius Common Stock will be when issued pursuant to the Merger or any related transaction or the price at which the Caladrius Common Stock will trade at any time. In addition, Back Bay expressed no opinion as to any adjustment, or the effect of any adjustment, to the amount of the exercise price of any warrant or option issued by Caladrius. In rendering its opinion, Back Bay assumed, with the consent of the Caladrius Board of Directors, that (i) the final executed form of the Merger Agreement would not differ in any material respect from the draft that Back Bay reviewed, (ii) Caladrius and Cend would comply with all material terms of the Merger Agreement, and (iii) the Merger would be consummated in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement without any adverse waiver or amendment of any material term or condition thereof. Back Bay also assumed that all governmental, regulatory, or other consents and approvals necessary for the consummation of the Merger would be obtained without any adverse effect on Caladrius, Cend or the expected benefits of the Merger in any way meaningful to Back Bay’s analysis. Back Bay is not a legal, regulatory, tax or accounting expert and relied on the assessments made by Caladrius and its advisors with respect to such issues. Back Bay was not authorized to solicit and did not solicit indications of interests in a business combination with Caladrius from any other party.

Back Bay’s opinion was for the sole benefit and use of the Caladrius Board of Directors in its consideration of the aggregate consideration to be paid in the Merger, and the opinion should not be construed as a recommendation or investment advice to any holders of Caladrius securities with respect to how such securityholders should vote or otherwise act with respect to the Merger. Back Bay’s opinion was approved by an authorized internal committee of Back Bay and is necessarily based upon information made available to it and market, economic and other conditions as they existed on, and can be evaluated as of the date of the opinion. Back Bay expressed no opinion as to the prices at which shares of Caladrius Common Stock would trade following the announcement or consummation of the Transaction. Other than in connection with the delivery to the Caladrius Board of Directors of an updated or modified opinion, or an affirmation of its original opinion, in each case as may be requested by the Caladrius Board of Directors, Back Bay does not undertake any obligation to update, revise, reaffirm or withdraw its opinion, or otherwise comment on or consider events occurring hereafter.

In preparing its opinion, Back Bay performed a variety of valuation analyses, including those described above. The summary of Back Bay’s analyses is not a complete description of the analyses underlying Back Bay’s opinion. The preparation of a fairness opinion is a complex process involving various quantitative and qualitative judgments and determinations with respect to the financial, comparative and other analytic methods employed and the adaptation and application of those methods to the unique facts and circumstances presented. As a consequence, neither Back Bay’s opinion nor the analyses underlying that opinion are readily susceptible to partial analysis or summary description. Back Bay arrived at its opinion based on the results of all analyses undertaken by it and assessed as a whole and did not draw, in isolation, conclusions from or with regard to any individual analysis, analytic method or factor. Accordingly, Back Bay believes that its analyses must be considered as a whole and that selecting portions of its analyses, analytic methods and factors, without considering all analyses and factors or the narrative description of the analyses, could create a misleading or incomplete view of the processes underlying its analyses and opinion.

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In performing its analyses, Back Bay considered industry factors (such as the probability of success of a drug), general business and economic conditions and other matters, many of which are beyond the control of Caladrius and Cend. The estimates of the future performance of Caladrius and Cend in or underlying Back Bay’s analyses are not necessarily indicative of actual values or actual future results, which may be significantly more or less favorable than those estimates or those suggested by Back Bay’s analyses. The analyses do not purport to be appraisals or to reflect the prices at which a company or business might actually be sold or acquired or the prices at which any securities have traded or may trade at any time in the future. Accordingly, the estimates used in, and the ranges of valuations resulting from, any particular analysis described below are inherently subject to substantial uncertainty and should not be taken as Back Bay’s view of the actual value of Caladrius or Cend.

The combined consideration to be paid by Caladrius pursuant to the Merger Agreement was determined through negotiations between Caladrius and Cend and was approved by the Caladrius Board of Directors. The decision to enter into the Merger Agreement and any related agreements was solely that of the Caladrius Board of Directors. Back Bay’s opinion and analyses were only one of many factors considered by the Caladrius Board of Directors in its evaluation of the Merger and should not be viewed as determinative of the views of the Caladrius Board of Directors, management or any other party with respect to the Merger or related transactions or the consideration payable in the Merger or related transactions.

Financial Analyses

The summary of the financial analyses described below under this heading “—Financial Analyses” is a summary of the financial analyses provided by Back Bay to the Caladrius Board of Directors in connection with Back Bay’s opinion, dated April 25, 2022. The financial analyses summarized below include information presented in tabular format. In order to fully understand the financial analyses performed by Back Bay, the tables must be read together with the text of each summary. The tables alone do not constitute a complete description of the financial analyses. Selecting portions of Back Bay’s financial analyses or factors considered or focusing on the data set forth in the tables below without considering all analyses or factors or the full narrative description of such analyses or factors, including the methodologies and assumptions underlying the analyses, could create a misleading or incomplete view of Back Bay’s financial analyses.

Comparable Transaction Analysis

Mergers & Acquisitions

Back Bay analyzed certain publicly available information in the following transactions, which involved acquisitions of biotech or biotechnology firms with oncology products in Phase I and Phase II stage of clinical trials announced between January 2017 and March 2022:

December 2021

VCN Biosciences, S.L.

Synthetic Biologics, Inc.

$5.0

March 10, 2022

October 2021

Takeda Pharmaceutical

Company Limited

Calithera Biosciences, Inc.

$45.0

October 18, 2021

August 2020

Forbius

Bristol Myers Squibb

$185.0

September 21, 2020

July 2020

Dynavax Technologies

Corporation

TriSalus Life Sciences

$9.0

August 3, 2020

July 2020

Kiq Bio LLC

Unum Therapeutics Inc.

$104.0

July 6, 2020

December 2019

Synthorx, Inc.

Sanofi S.A.

$2,500.0

January 23, 2020

May 2019

Peloton Therapeutics, Inc.

Merck & Co., Inc.

$1,000.0

May 21, 2019

March 2019

FameWave Ltd.

Kitov Pharma Ltd.

$10.0

January 8, 2020

February 2019

Immune Design Corp.

Merck & Co., Inc.

$300.0

April 2, 2019

May 2018

AurKa Pharma, Inc.

Eli Lilly and Company

$110.0

June 2018

January 2018

Cascadian Therapeutics,

Inc.

Seagen Inc.

$614.0

March 9, 2018

December 2017

Ignyta, Inc.

Roche Holding AG

$1,700.0

January 10, 2018

March 2017

Cerulean Pharma Inc.

BlueLink Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

$2.0

March 19, 2017

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Back Bay reviewed the purchase price paid in each such transaction, comprised of an upfront payment and other deferred consideration (e.g., milestone payments) and derived a valuation of Cend based on the adjusted median (excluding highs and lows) upfront and milestone payments in each such transaction. This analysis demonstrated the following median and mean transaction payment values:

Transaction Payment⁽¹⁾
(in US$ millions)
Upfront			Milestone
Median: $110			Median: $465
Mean: $371			Mean: $550

(1)	Minimum and maximum values were excluded prior to calculating the mean and median values.

Licensing Transactions

Back Bay analyzed certain publicly available information in the following transactions, which involved licensing of biotech or biotechnology firms with oncology (solid tumors) products in Phase I stage of clinical trials announced between January 2017 and March 2022:

Date Announced	Target	Acquiror
April 2021	Pfizer Inc.	Celcuity
March 2021	Ipsen	Fusion Pharmaceutials, Inc.
March 2021	Kazia Therapeutics Limited	Oasmia Pharmaceutical AB
January 2021	Medivir AB	IGM Biosciences, Inc.
December 2020	Relay Therapeutics, Inc.	Genentech
October 2020	CTxONE	Pfizer Inc.
May 2020	ACEA Therapeutics Inc.	Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc.
December 2018	Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH	Xynomic Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
December 2017	UCB Biopharma	Stemline Therapeutics Inc.
December 2017	Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	Bristol Myers-Squibb K.K.
December 2017	Bristol Myers-Squibb	Ayala Therapeutics
January 2017	Calithera Biosciences, Inc.	Incyte Corp.

Back Bay reviewed the purchase price paid in each such transaction comprised of an upfront payment and other deferred consideration (e.g., milestone payments) paid in each transaction and derived a valuation of the Company based on the adjusted mean and median (excluding minimum and maximum values) upfront and milestone payments in each such transaction. This analysis demonstrated the following median and mean transaction payment values:

Transaction Payment⁽¹⁾
(in US$ millions)
Upfront			Milestone
Median: $9			Median: $352
Mean: $15			Mean: $363

(1)	Minimum and maximum values were excluded prior to calculating the mean and median values.

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Comparable Companies Analyses

Caladrius. Back Bay performed a comparable company analysis with respect to Caladrius. Back Bay reviewed and compared Caladrius to certain publicly traded companies, each of which, similar to Caladrius, has a market capitalization that is lower than its cash holdings net of liabilities, which is not a rare occurrence in biotechnology with high cash burn rates and uncertain returns. The companies are Phase II clinical-stage oncology firms focused on developing treatments for various forms of cancer. Back Bay used publicly available information and current and historical financial information for each such comparable company in its analysis. The companies selected, as well as their respective market capitalization as of April 25, 2022, were:

Company			Market Capitalization (millions)
ARCA Biopharma, Inc.			$35.2
BioaAtla,Inc.			$14.8
Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.			$137.6
Calithera Biosciences, Inc.			$21.6
Elevation Oncology, Inc.			$56.4
IMARA Inc.			$37.9
PharmaCyte Biotech, Inc.			$46.8
Protara Therapeutics, Inc.			$48.4
Salarius Pharmaceuticals, Inc.			$12.7
Syros Pharmaceuticals, Inc.			$59.5

These companies were selected on the basis of their financial and operating metrics and characteristics, including products in pre-clinical and clinical trials, risk profile, size and type of operations. Back Bay calculated the enterprise values of each comparable company as of the close of market on April 25, 2022 and derived an equity valuation of Caladrius based on the mean and median enterprise values of such companies, which valuation assumed that Caladrius had a cash balance of $94.9 million based on Caladrius’ public filings as of April 25, 2022. This analysis demonstrated the following median and mean transaction value of the comparable companies:

Comparable Companies – Caladrius Biosciences
(in US$ millions)
Market Capitalization			Enterprise Value
Median: $42			Median: ($25)
Mean: $47			Mean: ($30)
High: $138			High: $48
Low: $13			Low: ($108)

Cend. Back Bay performed a comparable company analysis with respect to Cend. Back Bay reviewed and compared Cend to certain publicly traded companies that, similar to Cend, are Phase I to Phase I/II clinical-stage oncology firms focused on developing treatments for solid tumors. Back Bay used publicly available information and current and historical financial information for each such comparable company in its analysis. The companies selected, as well as their respective market capitalization as of April 25, 2022, were:

Company			Market Capitalization (millions)
Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.			$20.0
Immix Biopharma, Inc.			$20.1
Neoleukin Therapeutics, Inc.			$56.9
Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.			$30.3
Salarius Pharmaceuticals, Inc.			$12.7

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These companies were selected on the basis of their financial and operating metrics and characteristics, including products in clinical trials, risk profile, size and type of operations. Back Bay calculated the enterprise values of each comparable company as of the close of market on April 25, 2022 and derived an enterprise value range for Cend based on the range of enterprise values of such companies. This analysis indicated the following median and mean transaction values for the comparable companies:

Comparable Companies – Cend Therapeutics
(in US$ millions)
Market Capitalization			Enterprise Value
Median: $20			Median: ($17)
Mean: $28			Mean: ($26)
High: $57			High: $2.5
Low: $13			Low: ($73)

Recent Biotech IPOs

Back Bay reviewed and compared Cend to biotechnology companies that were in the Phase I or Phase II trial stage of drug development in the oncology therapeutic area and modalities inclusive of antibodies, small molecules, biologics, and peptides and underwent initial public offerings between January 2019 and March 2022. Back Bay used publicly available information and current and historical financial information for each such company in its analysis. The companies for this analysis, as well as their respective pricing dates and IPO pre-money valuations, were:

Company	Pricing Date	IPO Pre-Money Valuation (Millions)
Xilio Therapeutics, Inc.	October 2021	$309.0
Adagene Inc.	February 2021	$661.7
Olema Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	November 2020	$522.9
Codiak BioSciences, Inc.	October 2020	$196.4
Shattuck Labs, Inc.	October 2020	$477.4
Immunome Inc.	October 2020	$81.4
Prelude Therapeutics Incorporated	September 2020	$648.5
ALX Oncology Holdings Inc.	July 2020	$507.5
Revolution Medicines, Inc.	February 2020	$729.3
Bicycle Therapeutics plc	May 2019	$187.1
Turning Point Therapeutics, Inc.	April 2019	$385.0

In this analysis, Back Bay reviewed, among other things, the median and mean pre-initial public offering (IPO) valuation of each such company, which was derived by applying an illiquidity discount of 25.0% to reflect Cend’s private company status. This analysis indicated the following median and mean pre-IPO pre-money valuation for Cend:

IPO Pre-Money Valuation^(1,2)
(in US$ millions)
Median: $358
Mean: $325

(1)	Minimum and maximum values were excluded prior to calculating the mean and median values.

(2)	Includes 25.0% illiquidity Discount rate for lack of marketability based on “Discounts involved in Purchases of Common Stock (1966-1969),” Institutional Investor Study Report of the Securities and Exchange Commission, H.R. Doc. No. 64, Part 5, 92nd Congress, 1st Session, 1971, pp. 2444-56.

Discounted Cash Flow Analysis

Company. Back Bay performed a discounted cash flow analysis of Cend by calculating the estimated present values of the unlevered free cash flows that Cend was forecasted to generate during the period from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2025 based on Cend projections.

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Back Bay discounted Cend’s unlevered free cash flow to present value as of January 1, 2022 using a selected discount rate range of 12.0% to 20.0% based on Back Bay’s estimation of Cend’s then current weighted average cost of capital of 16.0%, in line with Caladrius’ weighted-average cost of capital and assumed a CEND-1 product launch in the U.S. and Ex-U.S. in 2025 and 2026, respectively. Based on feedback Back Bay received from key opinion leaders (“KOLs”), Back Bay created a sensitized model by applying a 2.80% probability of success adjustment for the obtaining of regulatory approval of a Phase II clinical-stage solid tumor and pancreatic cancer asset and assumed the product launch would be delayed until 2027 and 2028 in the U.S. and Ex-U.S., respectively. Back Bay then calculated Cend’s implied equity valuation using company management assumptions and the sensitized assumptions. This analysis indicated the following risk-adjusted net present value ranges for Cend in these two scenarios:

Risk-Adjusted Net Present Value Range
(in US$ millions)
Company Management			Sensitized Assumptions
Assumptions			(probability of success adjusted)
$108 to $211			$39 to $105

Methodology for Estimating Probability of Success (POS) Adjustments

In order for a therapy to reach the market, that therapy must successfully complete various phases of clinical trials and then must be approved by a regulatory agency (such as the FDA) for marketing. Typically, a therapy progresses from preclinical (non-human) testing into and through clinical (human) testing in a serial manner culminating in the regulatory review and potential approval.

In order to calculate the probability of success for a therapy to gain regulatory approval, one must consider both the probability of achieving individual clinical milestones as well as the total cumulative probability of the therapy progressing from the current phase of clinical development through approval. Because each phase of development has its own individual probability of success, in order to calculate the total cumulative probability of success through approval at any given point in development, one typically uses the product of multiplying all of the probabilities of success of each individual phase to be completed to arrive at a total cumulative probability of success for marketing approval. Collectively, these likelihoods of achieving certain outcomes on both an individual and collective basis are referred to as the therapy’s probability of success. The cumulative probability of success for an individual product is applied directly to all future revenues and is similarly applied to expenses that are projected to occur post-marketing approval if the existence of such expenses is dependent upon the future approval of the product. For any expenses that are projected to occur before marketing approval, expenses associated with the completion of ongoing activities devoted to progressing to the next phase are considered sunk costs and are not adjusted. For expenses that occur in the phase following the current phase of an individual product, the appropriate cumulative probability from the current phase to the appropriate projected stage of development is applied to the expense.

Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements are based on Caladrius’ forecasted financial statements and Cend’s forecasted financial statements, as adjusted to give effect to the Merger. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2022 gives effect to the Merger as if it had occurred on September 30, 2022.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not give effect to the potential impact of current financial conditions, regulatory matters, operating efficiencies or other savings or expenses that may be associated with the integration of the two companies. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is preliminary and has been prepared for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the financial position or results of operations in future periods or the results that actually would have been realized had Caladrius and Cend been a combined company during the specified periods. The actual results reported in periods following the transaction may differ significantly from those reflected in the pro forma financial information presented herein for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to, differences between the assumptions used to prepare this pro forma financial information. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements should be read together with Caladrius’ historical financial statements, which are included in Caladrius’ latest annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 22, 2022.

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Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2022

(in US$ thousands)

	Merger-Related Adjustments
	Caladrius 9/30/2022E (1)	Cend 9/30/2022E (2)	Cend Debt Adjustment -3	Pro-Forma Equity Adjustments -4	Caladrius Pro- Forma Equity Adjustments -5	Deal Costs -6	Pro Forma Combined As Adjusted 9/30/2022E
Assets
Cash, Cash Equivalents & Marketable Securities	$66,136.6	$1,698.8	$—	$—	$—	$(4,000.0)	$63,835.4
Marketable Securities	$—	$—	$—
Cash & Cash Equivalents & Marketable Securities	$66,136.6	$1,698.8				$(4,000.0)	$63,835.4
Other Current Assets	$1,584.1	$1,095.9	$—	$—	$—	$—	$2,680.0
Accounts Receivable	$—	$—	$—	$—	$—	$—	$—
Intangible Assets	$—	$—	$—	$36,883.7	$—	$—	$36,883.7
Other Non-Current Assets	$10,830.4	$—	$—	$—	$(10,000.0)	$—	$830.4
Total Assets	$78,551.1	$2,794.7	$—	$36,883.7	$(10,000.0)	$(4,000.0)	$104,229.6

Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity
Current Liabilities	$3,974.2	$937.3	$—	$—	$—	$—	$4,911.4
Long-Term Debt/Notes Payable	$—	$—	$—	$—	$—	$—	$—
Other Non-Current Liabilities	$344.8	$—	$—	$—	$—	$—	$344.8
Total Liabilities	$4,319.0	$937.3	$—	$—	$—	$—	$5,256.2

Total Shareholders' Equity	$74,232.2	$1,857.4	$(1,857.4)	$38,741.2	$(10,000.0)	$(4,000.0)	$98,973.3

Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$78,551.1	$2,794.7	$(1,857.4)	$38,741.2	$(10,000.0)	$(4,000.0)	$104,229.6

52 Week Share Price Performance of Caladrius Biosciences

Back Bay performed a valuation analysis of the total enterprise value of Caladrius Common Stock (i) as of April 25, 2022 and (ii) based on the share price performance of the Caladrius Common Stock in the 52 weeks ended April 25, 2022, in each case in which Back Bay reviewed certain financial and stock information of Caladrius. Back Bay observed that the price of Caladrius Common Stock as of the close of market on April 25, 2022 was $0.64 per share and that the low and high prices of shares of Caladrius Common Stock for the 52 week period ended April 25, 2022 were $0.63 and $1.68 per share, respectively.

Back Bay calculated the total enterprise value of Caladrius by multiplying such per share prices by the total number of fully diluted shares of Caladrius Common Stock using the treasury method and based on Caladrius’ public filings as of March 22, 2022 and subtracting Caladrius’ total cash and cash equivalents on hand as of that date. This analysis yielded the following total enterprise values:

Total Enterprise Value
(in US$ millions)
As of April 25, 2022			Based on Low and High for 52 Week
			Period Ended on April 25, 2022
($56)			($57) to $65

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Miscellaneous

Certain Financial Projections

While Caladrius has from time to time provided limited quarterly and full-year financial guidance in its regular earnings press release and other investor materials, which may have covered, among other items, research and development and general and administrative expenses, Caladrius’ management team has not, as a matter of course, otherwise publicly disclosed internal projections as to future performance, earnings or other results due to the unpredictability of the underlying assumptions and estimates. This this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement includes unaudited standalone financial projections of Caladrius management’s estimates of Caladrius and Cend that were made available to the Caladrius Board of Directors in connection with its consideration of the Merger. The projections reviewed by the Caladrius Board of Directors were adjusted by Caladrius to reflect probability of success assumptions based on Caladrius management’s analysis of a number of factors, including management’s experience and judgment as informed by historical precedents and, in some cases, industry guidelines. Caladrius provided its projections of Cend with probability of success adjustments reflected, as described further below.

Following are a series of financial projections on Caladrius’ and Cend’s potential sales and earnings before interest and taxes which were provided to the Caladrius Board of Directors on April 25, 2022, based on the most current assumptions at that time. Readers should refer to “Important Information about the Financial Projections” for further cautionary statements regarding the financial projections.

The estimates of EBIT and unlevered free cash flow, or FCF, included in the following financial projections of Caladrius and Cend, or the financial projections, were calculated by Caladrius management using U.S. GAAP and other measures which are derived from U.S. GAAP, but such estimates constitute non- U.S. GAAP financial measures within the meaning of applicable rules and regulations of the SEC. These non- U.S. GAAP financial measures do not include estimates for non-cash stock compensation and include adjustments to reflect Caladrius management’s estimates for the probability of success related to clinical approval, as described below. The non- U.S. GAAP financial measures used in the financial projections were provided to and relied upon by Back Bay for purposes of its financial analyses and its fairness opinion (to the extent described in the section entitled “The Merger — Opinion of Caladrius’ Financial Advisor” beginning on page 120) and by the Caladrius Board of Directors in connection with its consideration of the Merger (to the extent described below). Additionally, the non- U.S. GAAP financial measures were used in the financial projections provided to Cend in connection with its consideration of a potential strategic transaction with Caladrius.

Caladrius Projections

Caladrius management provided a preliminarily updated forecast to the Caladrius Board of Directors, on a non-probability of success adjusted basis, for the period from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2025 for feedback from the Caladrius Board of Directors on the underlying assumptions — See Figure 1 below.

Figure 1: Financial Projections - Caladrius Biosciences

	2022E	2023E	2024E	2025E
Sales	$0	$0	$0	$0
OpEx	$28	$26	$19	$19
EBIT⁽¹⁾	($28)	($26)	($19)	($19)
FCF⁽²⁾	($24)	($23)	($16)	($16)

(1)	OpEx denotes operating expenses.

(2)	EBIT denotes earnings before interest and taxes. EBIT is a non-U.S. GAAP financial measure.

(3)	FCF denotes unlevered free cash flow. FCF is a non-U.S. GAAP financial measure.

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Cend Projections

Cend management provided forecast estimates which included revenue projections for the period from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2030. See Figure 2 below.

Figure 2: Financial Projections - Cend Therapeutics

(in US$ millions)

	2022E	2023E	2024E	2025E	2026E	2027E	2028E	2029E	2030E
Sales⁽¹⁾	$12	$1	$0	$234	$1,054	$2,509	$4,528	$7,227	$10,564
OpEx⁽²⁾	$31	$69	$97	$161	$484	$1,016	$1,798	$2,848	$4,133
EBIT⁽³⁾	($19)	($68)	($97)	$73	$570	$1,493	$2,731	$4,379	$6,431
FCF⁽⁴⁾	$51	$32	$53	$73	$570	$1,493	$2,731	$4,379	$6,431

(1)	Includes revenues from Qilu partnership in the form of royalties and milestones.

(2)	OpEx denotes operating expenses.

(3)	EBIT denotes earnings before interest and taxes. EBIT is a non-U.S. GAAP financial measure. Includes any projected amortization.

(4)	FCF denotes unlevered free cash flow. Includes financing assumption of $70M in 2022, $100M in 2023, and $150M in 2024. FCF is a non-U.S. GAAP financial measure.

While the financial projections summarized above were prepared in good faith and based on information available at the time of preparation, no assurance can be made regarding future events. The estimates and assumptions underlying the financial projections involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive, regulatory and financial market conditions and future business decisions that may not be realized and that are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive and regulatory uncertainties and contingencies, including, among others, risks and uncertainties described in this proxy statement under the sections captioned “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements” and information in Caladrius’ consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Caladrius’ most recent filings on Form 10-K and 10-Q, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the control of Caladrius. There can be no assurance that the underlying assumptions will prove to be accurate or that the projected results will be realized, and actual results will likely differ, and may differ materially, from those reflected in the financial projections, whether or not the Merger is completed.

The financial projections summarized above also reflect numerous variables, expectations and assumptions available at the time they were prepared as to certain business decisions that are subject to change. These projections do not reflect revised prospects for Caladrius’ or Cend’s business, changes in general business or economic conditions, or any other transaction or event that has occurred or that may occur and that was not anticipated at the time the financial projections were prepared. Caladrius has not prepared revised financial projections to take into account variables or views of management that have changed since the dates on which the relevant projections were finalized. If the financial projections were prepared as of the date of this proxy statement, certain of the information would be materially different.

As a result, the financial projections cannot be considered a reliable predictor of future operating results, and this information should not be relied on as such. This prospective financial information was not prepared with a view toward compliance with published guidelines of the SEC or the guidelines established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants for preparation, presentation of prospective financial information, published guidelines of the SEC regarding forward-looking statements and the use of non-U.S. GAAP measures or U.S. GAAP. In the view of Caladrius’ management, each set of projections prepared by them was prepared on a reasonable basis based on the best information available to Caladrius’ management at the time of preparation taking into account the assumptions underlying the relevant alternative scenario for such financial projections. The financial projections, however, are not fact and should not be relied upon as being necessarily indicative of future results of Caladrius, Cend or, following the completion of the Merger, the combined company, and readers of this proxy statement are cautioned not to place undue reliance on this information. The inclusion of the financial projections in this proxy statement shall not be deemed an admission or representation by Caladrius that such information is material. None of the financial projections reflects any impact of the Merger. The prospective financial information included in this proxy has been prepared by, and is the responsibility of, Caladrius’ management.

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None of Caladrius, Cend or any of their respective affiliates, advisors, officers, directors, or representatives has made or makes any representation to any person regarding the ultimate performance of Caladrius, Cend or the combined company compared to the financial projections. Caladrius has made no representation to Cend, and Cend has made no representation to Caladrius, in the Merger Agreement or otherwise concerning these financial projections. The financial projections cover multiple years, and such information by its nature becomes subject to greater uncertainty with each successive year. Neither Cend nor any of its stockholders, officers, or directors participated in the preparation of the financial projections.

The inclusion of a summary of these financial projections in this proxy statement should not be regarded as an indication that any of Caladrius, Cend or their respective affiliates, advisors, officers, directors or representatives considered these financial projections to be predictive of actual future events, and these financial projections should not be relied upon as such nor should the information contained in these financial projections be considered appropriate for other purposes. None of Caladrius, Cend or their respective affiliates, advisors, officers, directors or representatives can give you any assurance that actual results will not differ materially from these financial projections, and none of them undertakes any obligation, except as required by law, to update or otherwise revise the financial projections contained in this proxy statement to reflect circumstances existing since their preparation or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or to reflect changes in general economic or industry conditions, even in the event that any or all of the underlying assumptions are shown to be in error.

The summary of the financial projections is not included in this this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement in order to induce any Caladrius Stockholder to vote in favor of any of the proposals necessary to consummate the Merger or the adjournment proposal.

General

Back Bay is a life science dedicated management consulting and investment banking firm and, as part of its investment banking activities, is regularly engaged in the valuation of businesses and their securities in connection with mergers and acquisitions. The Caladrius Board of Directors selected Back Bay because of its familiarity with Caladrius and its qualifications, reputation, and experience in the valuation of businesses and securities in connection with mergers and acquisitions generally, as well as substantial experience in transactions comparable to the Merger.

Back Bay is acting as financial advisor to Caladrius in connection with the Merger. As compensation for its services in connection with the Merger, Caladrius is obliged to pay Back Bay an opinion fee of $250,000, which is referred to as the opinion fee, payable upon the delivery of Back Bay’s opinion. The opinion fee is not contingent upon the conclusion of Back Bay’s opinion or the consummation of the Merger. In addition, Caladrius has agreed to reimburse Back Bay for a portion of its reasonable expenses incurred in connection with the Merger and to indemnify Back Bay for certain liabilities that may arise out of its engagement by Caladrius and the rendering of Back Bay’s opinion. In the two years preceding the date of Back Bay's opinion, Back Bay performed various investment banking and financial services for Caladrius and has received approximately $1.01 million in fees from Caladrius other than the payment for its opinion. Back Bay expects to perform such services in the future and expects to receive customary fees for such services.

In the ordinary course of its business, Back Bay and affiliates may actively trade and effect transactions in the equity, debt and/or other securities (and any derivatives thereof) and financial instruments (including loans and other obligations) of Caladrius and Cend for its own account and for the accounts of its customers and, accordingly, may at any time hold long or short positions and investments in such securities and financial instruments.

Interests of the Caladrius Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger

In considering the recommendation of the Caladrius Board of Directors with respect to issuing shares of Caladrius Common Stock as contemplated by the Merger Agreement and the other matters to be acted upon by the Caladrius Stockholders at the Annual Meeting, the Caladrius Stockholders should be aware that certain members of the Caladrius Board of Directors and executive officers of Caladrius have interests in the Merger that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of the Caladrius Stockholders. These interests relate to or arise from, among other things:

•	bonus payments which certain of Caladrius’ officers may receive in connection with the consummation of the Merger;

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•	severance benefits to which each of Caladrius’ executive officers would become entitled in the event of a change of control of Caladrius and his or her covered termination of employment within 12 months following the consummation of the Merger;

•	the accelerated vesting of Caladrius Options held by Caladrius’ executive officers and board members in connection with the consummation of the Merger and his or her covered termination of employment within 12 months following the consummation of the Merger; and

•	the agreement that four of Caladrius’ directors will serve on the board of directors of the combined organization following the consummation of the Merger.

The board of directors of each of Caladrius and Cend was aware of these potential conflicts of interest and considered them, among other matters, in reaching their respective decisions to approve the Merger Agreement and the Merger, and to recommend, as applicable, that the Caladrius Stockholders approve the proposals to be presented to the Caladrius Stockholders for consideration at the Annual Meeting as contemplated by this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement, and that the Cend Stockholders sign and return the written consent as contemplated by this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Although Todd Girolamo is no longer an executive officer of Caladrius due to his ceasing employment in March 2022, included in this section is information with respect to Mr. Girolamo because he was an executive officer during 2022.

Ownership Interests

As of June 13, 2022, all directors and current executive officers of Caladrius, together with all former named executive officers who were named executive officers during Caladrius’ fiscal year ending December 31, 2021, beneficially owned approximately 1.9% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock. The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting is required for approval of Proposal Nos. 1, 4, 5 and 8. The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of shares of Caladrius Common Stock having voting power outstanding on the Record Date for the Annual Meeting is required for approval of Proposal Nos. 2 and 3. Certain of Caladrius’ officers and directors, and their affiliates, have also entered into support agreements in connection with the Merger. For a more detailed discussion of the support agreements see the section entitled “Agreements Related to the Merger—Support Agreements” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Caladrius Options

As of June 13, 2022, Caladrius’ directors and current executive officers, together with all former named executive officers who were named executive officers during Caladrius’ fiscal year ending December 31, 2021, collectively owned unvested Caladrius Options covering 984,029 shares of Caladrius Common Stock and vested Caladrius Options covering 1,028,478 shares of Caladrius Common Stock.

Name	Number of Vested Options Held	Weighted Average Exercise Price of Vested Options	Number of Unvested Options Held	Weighted Average Exercise Price of Unvested Options
Executive Officers
David J. Mazzo, Ph.D.⁽¹⁾	428,669	$6.64	197,250	$1.23
Kristen K. Buck, M.D.⁽²⁾	383,636	$1.27	786,779	$1.27
Todd Girolamo (Former Chief Legal Officer)	188,103	$2.77	—	—

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Name	Number of Vested Options Held	Weighted Average Exercise Price of Vested Options	Number of Unvested Options Held	Weighted Average Exercise Price of Unvested Options
Non-Employee Directors
Gregory B. Brown, M.D.	6,900	$4.21	—	—
Michael H. Davidson, M.D.	—	—	—	—
Cynthia L. Flowers	—	—	—
Steven M. Klosk	7,370	$18.65	—
Steven S. Myers	5,500	$4.66	—	—
Peter G. Traber, M.D.	8,300	$15.10	—	—
Anne Whitaker	—	—	—	—

(1)	Unvested options vest 50,000 on 01/10/2023, 15,000 on 01/11/2023, 17,250 on 01/13/2023, 50,000 on 01/10/2024, 15,000 on 01/11/2024 and 50,000 on 01/10/2025

(2)	Unvested options vest 375,512 on 09/01/2022, 8,125 on 01/10/2023, 386,892 on 09/01/2023, 8,125 on 01/10/2024 and 8,125 on 01/10/2025

Generally, in the event of a “Change in Control” of Caladrius (as defined in the 2009 Plan, the 2015 Plan and the Plan) and either (i) the failure of Caladrius’ successor to assume a participant’s awards or (ii) such assumption of awards is followed by the participant’s termination without cause on or within the one-year period following the Change in Control, (a) all outstanding options and stock appreciation rights of each participant granted prior to the change in control shall be fully vested and immediately exercisable in their entirety, and (b) all unvested stock awards, restricted stock units, restricted stock, performance-based awards, and other awards shall become fully vested, including without limitation, the following: (i) the restrictions to which any shares of restricted stock granted prior to the change in control are subject shall lapse as if the applicable restriction period had ended upon such change in control, and (ii) the conditions required for vesting of any unvested performance-based awards shall be deemed to be satisfied upon such change in control.

Potential Payments upon Termination

The following table sets forth the information required by Item 402(t) of Regulation S-K regarding certain compensation which each of Caladrius’ “named executive officers” may receive that is based on or that otherwise relates to the Merger. This compensation is referred to as “golden parachute” compensation in Item 402(t) of Regulation S-K. For additional details regarding the terms of the payments quantified below, see “—Interests of the Caladrius Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger” above. Note that while Todd Girolamo is included in the table below as required by Item 402(t) of Regulation S-K, he no longer serves as an executive officer of Caladrius.

The amounts indicated below are estimates based on multiple assumptions that may or may not actually occur or be accurate on the relevant date, including the assumptions described below. The actual value to be received by Caladrius’ named executive officers may be greater or less than the amounts presented below. It is currently contemplated that Dr. Mazzo and Dr. Buck will continue to serve in their executive positions at Caladrius and will not be terminated. For purposes of calculating such amounts, Caladrius has assumed, among other things:

•	September 30, 2022 as the closing date of the Merger;

•

the value of the vesting acceleration of the named executive officers’ equity awards is calculated assuming a price per share of Caladrius Common Stock of $0.552, which represents the average closing market price of Caladrius Common Stock over the first five business days following the first public announcement of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement; and

•	the termination of Caladrius’ Current Executive Officers’ employment by Caladrius without “cause” or by the executive with “good reason” immediately following the Closing.

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“Golden Parachute” Compensation

Name	Cash ($)⁽¹⁾	Equity ($)⁽²⁾	Perquisites/ Benefits ($)⁽³⁾	Total ($)
David J. Mazzo, Ph.D.	1,515,953	205,206	52,168	1,773,327
Kristen K. Buck, M.D.	1,038,984	142,278	22,064	1,203,326
Todd Girolamo	0	0	0	0

(1)	Represents severance payments entitled under employment agreements

(2)	Represents equity award acceleration entitled under employment agreements

(3)	Represents medical premium payments entitled under employment agreements

2018 Equity Incentive Compensation Plan

The Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and other stock-based or cash awards. All of Caladrius’ employees, non-employee directors and consultants are eligible participants under the Plan. As of June 13, 2022, a total of 3,504,420 shares of Caladrius Common Stock were available for future issuance under the Plan. The Plan is administered by the Caladrius Board of Directors, which has delegated concurrent authority to administer the Plan to Caladrius’ compensation committee, including for purposes of approving equity award grants to Caladrius’ named executive officers. Please see the section of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement entitled “Matters Being Submitted to a Vote of Caladrius Stockholders—Caladrius Proposal No. 7: Approval of an Amendment to the 2018 Equity Incentive Compensation Plan” for an explanation of the material features of the Plan.

Director Compensation

The Caladrius Directors’ Compensation Plan provides for cash and equity compensation for Caladrius non-employee directors and imposes an annual limit on the aggregate cash and equity compensation that may be awarded to non-employee directors. The Caladrius Directors’ Compensation Plan provides that each non-employee director shall be entitled to the payments described below while serving as a director of Caladrius.

•	an annual cash retainer for each non-employee director of $40,000;

•	an additional annual cash compensation retainer of $30,000 for the non-executive chair;

•	an annual cash retainer for serving as chairperson of a committee as follows: Audit ($18,000); Compensation ($12,000); Nominating and Governance ($9,000); Science and Technology ($9,000);

•	an annual cash retainer for serving as a member of a committee as follows: Audit ($8,000); Compensation ($6,000); Nominating and Governance ($4,500); and Science and Technology ($4,500);

•

new non-employee directors receive an initial grant of restricted stock units with a value of 2x the annual grant with the number of shares to be issued on the grant date calculated based on the grant date fair value with one-third vesting annually on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant date; and

•	an annual equity grant on the second Monday in January a grant of restricted stock units with a value of $60,000, vesting at one year from the grant date.

The effective date for any annual equity grants to employees and non-employee directors is the second Monday in January, with the exercise price of options granted set at the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant.

Interests of the Cend Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger

In considering the recommendation of the Cend Board of Directors with respect to adopting the Merger Agreement, Cend Stockholders should be aware that certain members of the Cend Board of Directors and certain executive officers of Cend may have interests in the Merger that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of Cend Stockholders. Each of the Caladrius Board of Directors and the Cend Board of Directors was aware of these potential conflicts of interest and considered them, among other matters, in reaching their

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respective decisions to approve the Merger Agreement and the Merger, and to recommend, as applicable, that Caladrius Stockholders approve the proposals to be presented to Caladrius Stockholders for consideration at the Annual Meeting as contemplated by this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement, and that Cend Stockholders sign and return the written consent as contemplated by this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Ownership Interests

Certain of Cend’s directors and executive officers currently hold shares of Cend Capital Stock. The table below sets forth the anticipated ownership of Cend Capital Stock by Cend’s directors and executive officers immediately prior to the Closing based on their ownership of Cend’s Capital Stock as of June 13, 2022.

Directors and Executive Officers			Number of Shares of Cend Capital Stock Held Immediately Prior to the Closing
Erkki Ruoslahti, MD, PhD, Scientific Founder and Chairman			0⁽¹⁾
David Slack, MBA, President and Chief Executive Officer, Director			0⁽²⁾
Hari Jarvelainen, PhD, DVM, Chief Operating Officer			0⁽³⁾
F. Andrew Dorr, MD, Chief Medical Officer			0⁽⁴⁾
Jun (James) Xiao, EMBA, Director			0⁽⁵⁾
Heidi Henson, CPA, CFO, Director			0⁽⁶⁾
Mike Sailor, PhD, Director			0⁽⁷⁾

(1)	As discussed below, Dr. Ruoslahti holds options to purchase 308,727 shares of Cend Common Stock.

(2)	As discussed below, Mr. Slack holds options to purchase 477,500 shares of Common Stock.

(3)	As discussed below, Dr. Jarvelainen holds options to purchase 614,018 shares of Common Stock.

(4)	As discussed below, Dr. Dorr holds an option to purchase 44,000 shares of Common Stock.

(5)	As discussed below, Mr. Xiao holds options to purchase 40,000 shares of Common Stock.

(6)	As discussed below, Ms. Henson holds options to purchase 40,000 shares of Common Stock.

(7)	As discussed below, Dr. Sailor holds an option to purchase 111,000 shares of Common Stock.

Certain Cend Stockholders affiliated with Cend’s directors also currently hold shares of Cend Capital Stock. The table below sets forth the anticipated ownership of Cend Capital Stock by affiliates of Cend’s directors immediately prior to the Closing based on their ownership of Cend Capital Stock as of June 13, 2022.

Stockholder Name			Number of Shares of Cend Capital Stock Held Immediately Prior to the Closing
ER Trust 2/18/11⁽¹⁾			2,194,062⁽²⁾
Sailor Cheung Trust, 10 March 2000⁽³⁾			341,980⁽⁴⁾
Leading Choice International Limited⁽⁵⁾			793,066⁽⁶⁾

(1)	Erkki Ruoslahti, Cend Scientific Founder and Chairman, is the Trustee of ER Trust 2/18/1.

(2)	This amount includes (i) 1,808,263 shares of Cend Common Stock, (ii) 54,691 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, and (iii) 331,108 Series C Preferred Stock.

(3)	Mike Sailor, Cend Director is the Trustee of Sailor Cheung Trust, 10 March 2000.

(4)	This amount includes (i) 10,872 shares of Series B Preferred Stock and (ii) 331,108 shares of Series C Preferred Stock.

(5)	Jun (James) Xiao, Cend Director, is the Managing Director of Leading Choice International Limited.

(6)	This amount includes (i) 340,124 shares of Cend Common Stock, (ii) 371,396 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, and (iii) 81,546 shares of Series B Preferred Stock.

Treatment of Cend Options

Under the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time, each Cend Option outstanding and unexercised as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, whether or not vested, shall be converted into and become an option to purchase that number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock equal to the product obtained by multiplying (i) the

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number of shares of Cend Common Stock that were subject to such Cend Option immediately prior to the Effective Time by (ii) the Exchange Ratio, and rounding the resulting number down to the nearest whole number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock. The per share exercise price for shares of Caladrius Common Stock issuable upon exercise of each Cend Option assumed by Caladrius shall be determined by dividing (a) the per share exercise price of Cend Common Stock subject to such Cend Option, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, by (b) the Exchange Ratio, and rounding the resulting exercise price up to the nearest whole cent. Any restriction on the exercise of any Cend Option assumed by Caladrius will continue in full force and effect and the term, exercisability, vesting schedule and other provisions of such Cend Option shall otherwise remain unchanged. Certain of Cend’s directors and executive officers currently hold Cend Options. The table below sets forth certain information with respect to such Cend Options.

Optionholder Name	Grant Date	Expiration Date	Exercise Price ($)	Number of Shares of Cend Common Stock Underlying Option as of May 31, 2022	Number Shares of Cend Common Stock Underlying Option Vested as of May 31, 2022
F. Andrew Dorr, M.D.	12/15/2021	12/15/2031	3.82	44,000	22,000
David Slack, MBA	12/03/2019	12/03/2029	2.25	20,000	20,000
David Slack, MBA	12/29/2020	12/29/2030	1.92	457,500	219,219
Harri Järveläinen, Ph.D., DVM	10/20/2017	10/20/2027	0.9993	189,604	189,604
	10/20/2017	10/20/2027	0.9993	134,414	134,414
	04/08/2019	04/08/2029	2.25	250,000	250,000
	12/30/2020	12/30/2030	1.92	40,000	40,000
Erkki Ruoslahti, M.D., Ph.D.	08/31/2019	08/31/2029	2.25	100,000	100,000
	08/31/2019	08/31/2029	2.25	108,727	108,727
	12/30/2020	12/30/2030	1.92	100,000	100,000
Jun (James) Xiao	04/08/2019	04/08/2029	2.25	20,000	20,000
Jun (James) Xiao	12/30/2020	12/30/2030	1.92	20,000	20,000
Heidi Henson, CPA, CFO	04/08/2019	04/08/2029	2.25	20,000	20,000
Heidi Henson, CPA, CFO	12/30/2020	12/30/2030	1.92	20,000	20,000
Mike Sailor, Ph.D.	12/30/2020	12/30/2030	1.92	111,000	46,250

All of the option awards listed in the table above were granted under Cend’s 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, or the 2016 Plan, the terms of which are described herein under “—Equity Incentive Plans.”

Management Following the Merger

As described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement, including in the section captioned “Management Following the Merger,” certain of Cend’s directors and executive officers are expected to become the directors and executive officers of Caladrius upon the Closing.

Indemnification and Insurance

Under the Merger Agreement, from the Effective Time through the sixth anniversary of the date on which the Effective Time occurs, Caladrius and Cend, as the surviving corporation in the Merger, shall indemnify and hold harmless each person who is or has served as a director or officer of Cend against all claims, losses, liabilities, damages, judgments, fines and reasonable fees, costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees and disbursements, incurred in connection with any claim, action, suit, proceeding or investigation, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, arising out of or pertaining to the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of Cend, to the fullest extent permitted under the DGCL for directors or officers of Delaware corporations. In addition, each such director and officer, or former director and officer, is entitled to advancement of expenses incurred in the defense of any such claim, action, suit, proceeding or investigation.

Under the Merger Agreement, the provisions of Caladrius’ or Cend’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws with respect to indemnification, advancement of expenses and exculpation of present and former directors and officers

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of Caladrius or Cend, respectively, shall not be amended, modified or repealed for a period of six years from the Effective Time in a manner that would adversely affect the rights thereunder of individuals who, at or prior to the Effective Time, were officers or directors of Caladrius or Cend, respectively. The certificate of incorporation and bylaws of Cend, as the surviving corporation in the Merger, shall contain provisions no less favorable with respect to indemnification, advancement of expenses and exculpation of former and present directors and officers that are presently set forth in the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of Caladrius and Cend.

The Merger Agreement also provides that Caladrius shall maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies commencing at the Closing, on commercially available terms and conditions with coverage limits customary for U.S. public companies similar situated to Caladrius.

Form of the Merger

The Merger Agreement provides that at the Effective Time, Merger Sub will be merged with and into Cend and Cend will continue as the surviving corporation and will be a wholly owned subsidiary of Caladrius.

After completion of the Merger, assuming Proposal No. 3 is approved by Caladrius Stockholders at the Annual Meeting, Caladrius will be renamed “Lisata Therapeutics, Inc.” and expects to trade on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “LSTA.”

Merger Consideration and Adjustment

At the Effective Time:

•

each share of Cend Capital Stock (excluding any shares of capital stock held by Caladrius) outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will automatically be converted solely into the right to receive a number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock equal to the Exchange Ratio, subject to adjustment to account for the Reverse Stock Split, for Caladrius’ net cash immediately prior to the Closing, for Cend’s unpaid transaction costs immediately prior to the Closing and in accordance with the Merger Agreement; and

•

The Exchange Ratio is calculated using a formula intended to allocate to existing Cend Stockholders a percentage of the combined organization. Based on Cend’s and Caladrius’ capitalization as of June 13, 2022, the Exchange Ratio is currently estimated to be approximately 8.5623 pre-split shares of Caladrius Common Stock for each share of Cend Capital Stock, subject to (i) adjustment to account for the effect of the Reverse Stock Split, (ii) adjustments to account for the issuance of any additional shares of Cend Capital Stock or Caladrius Common Stock, as applicable, prior to the consummation of the Merger, (iii) an adjustment to the extent that Cend’s unpaid transaction costs are greater than $250,000, and (iv) an upward or downward adjustment to the extent that Caladrius’ net cash immediately prior to the Closing is greater or less than a certain threshold based on when the Closing occurs, as further detailed in the Merger Agreement and in the section entitled “Merger Agreement” below (and as a result, Caladrius Stockholders could own less, and Cend Stockholders could own more, of the combined organization).

Immediately after the consummation of the Merger, based on the Exchange Ratio, it is expected that existing Cend Stockholders are expected to own, or hold rights to acquire, approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock and existing Caladrius Stockholders are expected to own approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock. Such percentages are subject to adjustment based on the final Exchange Ratio as set forth in the Merger Agreement.

The Exchange Ratio formula is the quotient obtained by dividing the number of Cend merger shares by the Cend outstanding shares, where:

•	Cend merger shares is the product determined by multiplying (i) the post-closing Caladrius shares by (ii) the Cend allocation percentage;

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•

Cend outstanding shares is the total number of shares of Cend Capital Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time after the effectiveness of the conversion of Cend Preferred Stock (excluding any Cend Preferred Stock owned by Caladrius) into Cend Common Stock (the “Preferred Stock Conversion”);

•	post-closing Caladrius shares is the quotient determined by dividing (i) the Caladrius outstanding shares by (ii) the Caladrius allocation percentage;

•	Caladrius outstanding shares is the total number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time;

•

Cend allocation percentage means 0.5; provided, however, that, to the extent that Cend’s unpaid transaction costs are greater than $250,000, then 0.5 shall be reduced by 0.000056 for each $10,000 (rounded down to the next nearest $10,000 increment) that Cend’s unpaid transaction costs as so determined are greater than $250,000; and

•

Caladrius allocation percentage means 1.00 minus the Cend allocation percentage; provided, however, that the Caladrius allocation percentage is subject to adjustment to the extent that Caladrius’ net cash immediately prior to the Closing is greater or less than a certain threshold based on when the Closing occurs.

For illustrative purposes only, four example scenarios calculating the Exchange Ratio are described below. These example scenarios have assumed that: (i) the Effective Time occurs on September 30, 2022, (ii) Caladrius outstanding shares is equal to 60,518,478, and (iii) Cend outstanding shares is equal to 7,068,037. Further, the below illustrations do not give effect to any adjustment for the Reverse Stock Split and are rounded.

Case 1: Caladrius’ net cash is $70.0 million.

In this case, the Caladrius allocation percentage will be 0.5.

The Cend allocation percentage will be 1.00 – 0.5 = 0.5.

The post-closing Caladrius shares is equal to the quotient determined by dividing (i) the Caladrius outstanding shares by (ii) the Caladrius allocation percentage:

60,518,478 / 0.5 = 121,036,956

The Cend merger shares is equal to the product determined by multiplying (i) the post-closing Caladrius shares by (ii) the Cend allocation percentage:

121,036,956 x 0.5 = 60,518,478

The Exchange Ratio will thus be the quotient obtained by dividing the number of Cend merger shares by the number of Cend outstanding shares:

60,518,478 / 7,068,037 = 8.5623

Case 2: Caladrius’ net cash is $75.0 million.

In this case, the Caladrius allocation percentage will be 0.5091.

The Cend allocation percentage will be 1.00 – 0.5091 = 0.4909.

The post-closing Caladrius shares is equal to the quotient determined by dividing (i) the Caladrius outstanding shares by (ii) the Caladrius allocation percentage:

60,518,478 / 0.5091 = 118,873,459

The Cend merger shares is equal to the product determined by multiplying (i) the post-closing Caladrius shares by (ii) the Cend allocation percentage:

118,873,459 x 0.4909 = 58,354,981

The Exchange Ratio will thus be the quotient obtained by dividing the number of Cend merger shares by the number of Cend outstanding shares:

58,354,981 / 7,068,037 = 8.2562

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Case 3: Caladrius’ net cash is $67.0 million.

In this case, the Caladrius allocation percentage will be 0.4937.

The Cend allocation percentage will be 1.00 – 0.4937 = 0.5063.

The post-closing Caladrius shares is equal to the quotient determined by dividing (i) the Caladrius outstanding shares by (ii) the Caladrius allocation percentage:

60,518,478 / 0.4937 = 122,581,483

The Cend merger shares is equal to the product determined by multiplying (i) the post-closing Caladrius shares by (ii) the Cend allocation percentage:

122,581,483 x 0.5063 = 62,063,005

The Exchange Ratio will thus be the quotient obtained by dividing the number of Cend merger shares by the number of Cend outstanding shares:

62,063,005 / 7,068,037 = 8.7808

Case 4: Caladrius’ net cash is $70.0 million and Cend’s unpaid transaction costs is $1.25 million

In this case, the Caladrius allocation percentage will be 0.5056.

The Cend allocation percentage will be 1.00-0.5056 = 0.4944.

The post-closing Caladrius shares is equal to the quotient determined by dividing (i) the Caladrius outstanding shares by (ii) the Caladrius allocation percentage:

60,518,478 / 0.5056 = 119,696,357

The Cend merger shares is equal to the product determined by multiplying (i) the post-closing Caladrius shares by (ii) the Cend allocation percentage:

119,696,357 x 0.4944 = 59,177,879

The Exchange Ratio will thus be the quotient obtained by dividing the number of Cend merger shares by the number of Cend outstanding shares:

59,177,879 / 7,068,037 = 8.3726

The Merger Agreement does not include a price-based termination right, and there will be no adjustment to the total number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock that Cend Stockholders will be entitled to receive for changes in the market price of Caladrius Common Stock. Accordingly, the market value of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock issued pursuant to the Merger will depend on the market value of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock at Closing, and could vary significantly from the market value of Caladrius Common Stock on the date of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

No fractional shares of Caladrius Common Stock will be issuable to Cend Stockholders pursuant to the Merger Agreement. Instead, each Cend Stockholder who would otherwise be entitled to receive a fraction of a share of Caladrius Common Stock, after aggregating all fractional shares of Caladrius Common Stock issuable to such stockholder, will be entitled to receive in cash the dollar amount, rounded to the nearest whole cent, without interest, determined by multiplying such fraction by the closing price of a share of Caladrius Common Stock on Nasdaq on the date the Merger becomes effective.

Determination of Caladrius’ Net Cash

The Merger Agreement includes a condition to Cend’s obligation to close the Merger that requires Caladrius to have a minimum net cash balance based on the date of the Closing as follows:

•	if the Closing occurs in June of 2022, net cash shall be greater than or equal $70,465,000;

•	if the Closing occurs in July of 2022, net cash shall be greater than or equal $68,697,000;

•	if the Closing occurs in August of 2022, net cash shall be greater than or equal $66,976,000;

•	if the Closing occurs in September of 2022, net cash shall be greater than or equal $64,872,000;

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•	if the Closing occurs in October of 2022, net cash shall be greater than or equal $63,134,000;

•	if the Closing occurs in November of 2022, net cash shall be greater than or equal $61,400,000;

•	if the Closing occurs in December of 2022, net cash shall be greater than or equal $59,709,000; and

•	if the Closing occurs in January of 2023, net cash shall be greater than or equal $57,642,000.

Under the Merger Agreement, Caladrius’ “net cash” is defined as (i) the sum of, in each case as of the cash determination time set forth in the Merger Agreement, (a) Caladrius’ cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, prepaid and other current assets, accounts receivable, interest and other receivables, cash determination time determined in a manner consistent with the manner in which such items were historically determined and in accordance with U.S. GAAP and Caladrius’ audited financial statements, (b) expenses paid, or liabilities incurred, prior to the Closing, that are approved and guaranteed in writing (without conditions) to be paid to Caladrius pursuant to any directors’ and officers’ insurance policy, and (c) amounts invested in the Series D Preferred Stock of Cend, minus (ii) the sum of, in each case as of such cash determination time, (a) Caladrius’ accounts payable and accrued liabilities (without duplication of any expenses accounted for below and other than accrued liabilities that are Caladrius transaction costs under the Merger Agreement), cash determination time in each case determined in a manner consistent with the manner in which such items were historically determined and in accordance with U.S. GAAP and Caladrius’ audited financial statements, (b) any unpaid Caladrius transaction costs, and (c) any declared but unpaid Caladrius cash dividends. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no case shall Caladrius’ net cash be reduced for any costs or expenses, including attorney’s fees or settlement costs, incurred in connection with any dissenting shares described in the Merger Agreement.

Caladrius’ net cash balance at the cash determination time is subject to numerous factors, many of which are outside of Caladrius’ control. If Caladrius’ net cash immediately prior to the Closing is less than the applicable threshold based on when the Closing occurs, based on the manner of calculating net cash pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Caladrius would be unable to satisfy a closing condition for the Merger, in which case Cend could elect to waive the condition or choose to not consummate the Merger. Furthermore, the Exchange Ratio at the Closing will be subject to adjustment to the extent that Caladrius’ net cash immediately prior to the Closing is less than or greater than the applicable threshold based on when the Closing occurs (and as a result, Caladrius Stockholders and Cend Stockholders could own more or less of the combined organization), as described under “The Merger—Merger Consideration and Adjustment.”

Procedures for Exchanging Cend Stock Certificates

The Merger Agreement provides that, at the Effective Time, Caladrius will deposit with an exchange agent acceptable to Caladrius and Cend evidence of book-entry shares representing the shares of Caladrius Common Stock issuable to Cend Stockholders and a sufficient amount of cash to make payments in lieu of fractional shares.

The Merger Agreement provides that, promptly after the Effective Time, the exchange agent will mail to each record holder of shares of Cend Capital Stock immediately prior to the Effective Time a letter of transmittal and instructions for surrendering and exchanging Cend stock certificates held by such record holder in exchange for book-entry shares of Caladrius Common Stock. Upon surrender of a Cend stock certificate for exchange to the exchange agent, together with a duly signed letter of transmittal and such other documents as the exchange agent or Caladrius may reasonably require, the Cend stock certificate surrendered will be cancelled and the holder of such Cend stock certificate will be entitled to receive the following:

•	book-entry shares representing the number of whole shares of Caladrius Common Stock that such holder has the right to receive pursuant to the provisions of the Merger Agreement; and

•	cash in lieu of any fractional share of Caladrius Common Stock.

From and after the Effective Time, until it is surrendered, each certificate that previously evidenced shares of Cend Capital Stock will be deemed to represent only the right to receive book-entry shares of Caladrius Common Stock, and cash in lieu of any fractional share of Caladrius Common Stock. Caladrius will not pay dividends or other distributions on any shares of Caladrius Common Stock to be issued in exchange for any unsurrendered Cend stock certificate until such Cend stock certificate is surrendered as provided in the Merger Agreement.

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If any Cend stock certificate has been lost, stolen or destroyed, Caladrius may, in its discretion, and as a condition precedent to the delivery of any book-entry shares of Caladrius Common Stock, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate to provide an affidavit claiming such certificate has been lost, stolen or destroyed and post a bond indemnifying Caladrius against any claim suffered by Caladrius related to the lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or any Caladrius Common Stock issued in exchange for such certificate as Caladrius may reasonably request.

Effective Time of the Merger

The Merger Agreement requires the parties to consummate the Merger as promptly as practicable (and in any event within two business days) after all of the conditions to the consummation of the Merger contained in the Merger Agreement are satisfied or waived, including the adoption of the Merger Agreement by the Cend Stockholders and the approval by the Caladrius Stockholders of the issuance of Caladrius Common Stock, the amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius effecting the Reverse Stock Split and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. The Merger will become effective upon the filing of a certificate of merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or at such later time as is agreed by Caladrius and Cend and specified in the certificate of merger. Neither Caladrius nor Cend can predict the exact timing of the consummation of the Merger.

Regulatory Approvals

In the United States, Caladrius must comply with applicable federal and state securities laws and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq in connection with the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock and the filing of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement with the SEC.

Tax Treatment of the Merger

Caladrius and Cend intend for the Merger to qualify as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. Each of Caladrius and Cend will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Merger to qualify as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, and not to permit or cause any affiliate or any subsidiary of Caladrius or Cend to, take any action or cause any action to be taken which would reasonably be expected to prevent the Merger from qualifying as a reorganization within the meaning Section 368(a) of the Code. Specifically, Caladrius will use its commercially reasonable efforts to operate the surviving corporation so as to meet the “continuity of business enterprise” requirement.

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger

The following discussion summarizes the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Merger that are expected to apply generally to each Cend Stockholder upon the exchange of shares of Cend Capital Stock for shares of Caladrius Common Stock upon the consummation of the Merger. This summary is based upon current provisions of the Code, existing Treasury Regulations and current administrative rulings and court decisions, all in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change. Any change, which may be retroactive, could alter the tax consequences to Caladrius, Cend or the Cend Stockholders as described in this summary.

No attempt has been made to comment on all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Merger that may be relevant to particular holders, including holders who do not hold their shares as capital assets; holders subject to special treatment under the Code such as dealers in securities; banks; insurance companies; other financial institutions; mutual funds; real estate investment trusts; regulated investment companies; tax-exempt organizations; pass-through entities such as partnerships, S corporations, disregarded entities for federal income tax purposes and limited liability companies (and investors therein); persons who are not U.S. holders (as defined below); stockholders who are subject to the alternative minimum tax provisions of the Code; Cend Stockholders who hold their shares as part of a hedge, wash sale, synthetic security, conversion transaction, or other integrated transaction; persons that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar; traders in securities who elect to apply a mark-to-market method of accounting; persons who hold shares of Cend Capital Stock that may constitute “qualified small business stock” under Section 1202 of the Code or as “Section 1244 stock” for purposes of Section 1244 of the Code; Cend Stockholders who acquired their shares of stock in a transaction subject to the gain rollover provisions of Section 1045 of the Code; Cend Stockholders who acquired their shares of stock pursuant to the exercise of options or otherwise as compensation or through a tax-qualified retirement

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plan or through the exercise of a warrant or conversion rights under convertible instruments; and certain expatriates or former citizens or long-term residents of the United States. Stockholders described in this paragraph are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the consequences to them of the Merger.

In the case of a stockholder that is a partnership, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner, the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partner level. Partnerships that are holders of Cend Capital Stock and partners in such partnerships are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences to them of the Merger.

In addition, the following discussion does not address the tax consequences of the Merger under state, local or non-U.S. tax laws or federal tax laws other than income tax laws. Furthermore, the following discussion does not address: (a) the tax consequences of transactions effectuated before, after or at the same time as the Merger, whether or not they are in connection with the Merger, including, without limitation, transactions in which shares of Cend Capital Stock are acquired or disposed of other than in exchange for shares of Caladrius Common Stock in the Merger; (b) the tax consequences to holders of options or warrants issued by Cend which are assumed in connection with the Merger; (c) the tax consequences of the receipt of shares of Caladrius Common Stock other than in exchange for shares of Cend Capital Stock pursuant to the Merger Agreement; (d) any U.S. federal non-income tax consequences of the Merger, including estate, gift or other tax consequences; (e) any state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences of the Merger; or (f) the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income. No ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or opinion of counsel, has been or will be requested in connection with the Merger, and Cend Stockholders should be aware that the IRS could adopt a position which could be sustained by a court contrary to that set forth in this discussion.

Holders of Cend Capital Stock are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Merger in light of their personal circumstances and the consequences under state, local and non-U.S. tax laws and other federal tax laws.

Treatment of the Merger as a “Reorganization” under Section 368(a)

Caladrius and Cend intend the Merger to qualify as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, but the Merger may not so qualify. The Merger is not conditioned on the receipt of a tax opinion, or any other condition, relating to the qualification of the Merger as such a reorganization.

Definition of “U.S. Holder”

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of Cend Capital Stock that is:

•	an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;

•	a corporation or any other entity taxable as a corporation created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of a state of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

•

a trust if either (i) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust, and one or more United States persons (within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code) are authorized or have the authority to control all substantial decisions of such trust, or (ii) the trust was in existence on August 20, 1996 and has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a United States person for U.S. federal income tax purposes; or

•	an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source.

Treatment of U.S. Holders in the Merger

If the Merger qualifies as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, Cend Stockholders generally will not recognize gain or loss upon the exchange of their Cend Capital Stock for Caladrius Common Stock, except to the extent of cash received in lieu of a fractional share of Caladrius Common Stock as described below. Cend Stockholders generally will obtain a basis in the Caladrius Common Stock they receive in the Merger equal to their basis in the exchanged Cend Capital Stock. The holding period of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock received by a Cend Stockholder in the Merger will include the holding period of the shares of Cend Capital Stock surrendered in exchange therefor. A U.S. holder who receives cash in lieu of a fractional share of Caladrius Common Stock will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having received such

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fractional share pursuant to the Merger and then as having exchanged such fractional share for cash in a redemption by Caladrius. Such U.S. holder will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference, if any, between such stockholder’s basis in the fractional share and the amount of cash received. Such gain or loss will be a long-term capital gain or loss, if the U.S. holder’s holding period is greater than one year as of the date of the Closing. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

If the Merger is not treated as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, then each U.S. holder generally will be treated as exchanging its Cend Capital Stock in a fully taxable transaction in exchange for Caladrius Common Stock and any cash received in lieu of a fractional share. Cend Stockholders will generally recognize gain or loss in such exchange equal to the amount that such Cend Stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in the Cend Capital Stock surrendered is less or more than the fair market value of the Caladrius Common Stock and any cash in lieu of a fractional share received in exchange therefor. Gain or loss recognized upon such an exchange generally will be capital gain or capital loss. Any recognized capital gain or capital loss will be long-term capital gain or capital loss, if the U.S. holder has held the shares of Cend Capital Stock for more than one year. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. In addition, for purposes of the above discussion of the bases and holding periods for shares of Cend Capital Stock and Caladrius Common Stock, U.S. holders who acquired different blocks of Cend Capital Stock at different times for different prices must calculate their gains and losses and holding periods separately for each identifiable block of such stock exchanged in the Merger.

Reporting Requirements

If the Merger is a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, each U.S. holder who receives shares of Caladrius Common Stock in the Merger is required to retain permanent records pertaining to the Merger, and make such records available to any authorized IRS officers and employees. Such records should specifically include information regarding the amount, basis, and fair market value of all transferred property, and relevant facts regarding any liabilities assumed or extinguished as part of such reorganization. Additionally, U.S. holders who owned immediately before the Merger at least one percent (by vote or value) of the total outstanding stock of Cend are required to attach a statement to their tax returns for the year in which the Merger is consummated that contains the information listed in Treasury Regulation Section 1.368-3(b). Such statement must include the U.S. holder’s tax basis in such holder’s Cend Capital Stock surrendered in the Merger, the fair market value of such stock, the date of the Merger and the name and employer identification number of each of Cend and Caladrius. U.S. holders are urged to consult with their tax advisors to comply with these rules.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

A U.S. holder of Cend Capital Stock may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding for U.S. federal income tax purposes on cash paid in lieu of fractional shares in connection with the Merger. Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a holder who (i) furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies the holder is not subject to backup withholding on IRS Form W-9 or a substantially similar form, (ii) provides a certification of foreign status on an appropriate IRS Form W-8 or successor form or (iii) certifies the holder is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. If a U.S. holder does not provide a correct taxpayer identification number on IRS Form W-9 or other proper certification, the stockholder may be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be refunded or allowed as a credit against the federal income tax liability of a U.S. holder of Cend Capital Stock, if any, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. U.S. holders of Cend Capital Stock should consult their tax advisors regarding their qualification for an exemption from backup withholding, the procedures for obtaining such an exemption, and in the event backup withholding is applied, to determine if any tax credit, tax refund or other tax benefit may be obtained.

The foregoing summary is of a general nature only and is not intended to be, and should not be construed to be, legal, business or tax advice to any particular Cend Stockholder. This summary does not take into account your particular circumstances and does not address consequences that may be particular to you. Therefore, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the particular consequences of the Merger to you.

Nasdaq Capital Market Listing

Caladrius Common Stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CLBS.” Caladrius has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain its existing listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market,

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and to obtain approval for listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock that Cend Stockholders will be entitled to receive pursuant to the Merger. In addition, under the Merger Agreement, each party’s obligation to complete the Merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver by each of the parties, at or prior to the Closing, of various conditions, including that the existing shares of Caladrius Common Stock must have been continually listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market, and Caladrius must have caused the shares of Caladrius Common Stock to be issued in the Merger to be approved for listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market as of the Closing.

Prior to consummation of the Merger, Caladrius intends to file a notification form with Nasdaq for the listing of additional shares with respect to the shares of Caladrius Common Stock to be issued to the holders of Cend Capital Stock in the Merger. If such application is accepted, Caladrius anticipates that Caladrius Common Stock will be listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market following the Closing under the trading symbol “LSTA”.

Anticipated Accounting Treatment

The Merger is expected to be treated by Caladrius as an asset acquisition by Caladrius in accordance with U.S. GAAP. To determine the accounting for this transaction under U.S. GAAP, a company must assess whether an integrated set of assets and activities should be accounted for as an acquisition of a business or an asset acquisition. The guidance requires an initial screen test to determine if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single asset or group of similar assets. If that screen is met, the set is not a business. In connection with the acquisition of Cend, substantially all the fair value is included in in-process research and development of CEND-1 and, as such, the acquisition is expected to be treated as an asset acquisition. For accounting purposes, Caladrius is considered to be acquiring Cend in the Merger.

Appraisal Rights and Dissenters’ Rights

Delaware Law

If the Merger is completed, Cend Stockholders who do not deliver a written consent approving the Merger are entitled to appraisal rights under Section 262 of the DGCL (“Section 262”), provided that they comply with the conditions established by Section 262. Holders of Caladrius Common Stock are not entitled to appraisal rights under Delaware law in connection with the Merger.

The discussion below is not a complete summary regarding a Cend Stockholders’ appraisal rights under Delaware law and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the text of the relevant provisions of Delaware law, which are attached to this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement as Annex C. Cend Stockholders intending to exercise appraisal rights should carefully review Annex C. Failure to follow precisely any of the statutory procedures set forth in Annex C may result in a termination or waiver of these rights. This summary does not constitute legal or other advice, nor does it constitute a recommendation that Cend Stockholders exercise their appraisal rights under Delaware law.

Under Section 262, where a merger is adopted by stockholders by written consent in lieu of a meeting of stockholders pursuant to Section 228 of the DGCL, either the constituent corporation, before the effective date of the merger, or the surviving corporation, within 10 days after the effective date of the merger, must notify each stockholder of the constituent corporation entitled to appraisal rights of the approval of the merger, the effective date of the merger and that appraisal rights are available.

If the Merger is completed, within 10 days after the effective date of the Merger, Cend will notify its stockholders that the Merger has been approved, the effective date of the Merger and that appraisal rights are available to any stockholder who has not approved the Merger. Holders of shares of Cend Capital Stock who desire to exercise their appraisal rights must deliver a written demand for appraisal to Cend within 20 days after the date of mailing of that notice, and that stockholder must not have delivered a written consent approving the Merger. A demand for appraisal must reasonably inform Cend of the identity of the stockholder and that such stockholder intends thereby to demand appraisal of the shares of Cend Capital Stock held by such stockholder. Failure to deliver a written consent approving the Merger will not in and of itself constitute a written demand for appraisal satisfying the requirements of Section 262. All demands for appraisal should be addressed to Cend Therapeutics, Inc., 12544 High Bluff Drive, Suite 400, San Diego, California 92130, Attention: David Slack, and should be executed by, or on behalf of, the record holder of shares of Cend Capital Stock. ALL DEMANDS MUST BE RECEIVED BY CEND WITHIN TWENTY (20) DAYS AFTER THE DATE CEND MAILS A

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NOTICE TO ITS STOCKHOLDERS NOTIFYING THEM THAT THE MERGER HAS BEEN APPROVED, THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THE MERGER AND THAT APPRAISAL RIGHTS ARE AVAILABLE TO ANY STOCKHOLDER WHO HAS NOT APPROVED THE MERGER.

If a holder of shares of Cend Capital Stock fails to deliver a written demand for appraisal within the time period specified above, such holder will be entitled to receive the merger consideration for such holder’s shares of Cend Capital Stock as provided for in the Merger Agreement, but will have no appraisal rights with respect to such holder’s shares of Cend Capital Stock.

To be effective, a demand for appraisal by a holder of shares of Cend Capital Stock must be made by, or in the name of, the registered stockholder, fully and correctly, as the stockholder’s name appears on the stockholder’s stock certificate(s). Beneficial owners who do not also hold the shares of record may not directly make appraisal demands to Cend. The beneficial owner must, in these cases, have the registered owner, such as a broker, bank or other custodian, submit the required demand in respect of those shares. If shares are owned of record in a fiduciary capacity, such as by a trustee, guardian or custodian, execution of a demand for appraisal should be made by or for the fiduciary; and if the shares are owned of record by more than one person, as in a joint tenancy or tenancy in common, the demand should be executed by or for all joint owners. An authorized agent, including an authorized agent for two or more joint owners, may execute the demand for appraisal for a stockholder of record; however, the agent must identify the record owner or owners and expressly disclose the fact that, in executing the demand, he or she is acting as agent for the record owner. A record owner, such as a broker, who holds shares as a custodian for others, may exercise the record owner’s right of appraisal with respect to the shares held for one or more beneficial owners, while not exercising this right for other beneficial owners. In that case, the written demand should state the number of shares as to which appraisal is sought. Where no number of shares is expressly mentioned, the demand will be presumed to cover all shares held in the name of the record owner. In addition, the stockholder must continuously hold the shares of record from the date of making the demand through the Effective Time.

If a holder of shares of Cend Capital Stock holds shares of Cend Capital Stock in a brokerage account or in other custodian form and such holder wishes to exercise appraisal rights, such holder should consult with such holder’s bank, broker or other custodian to determine the appropriate procedures for the making of a demand for appraisal by the custodian.

At any time within 60 days after the Effective Time of the Merger, any stockholder who has demanded an appraisal, but has neither commenced an appraisal proceeding or joined an appraisal proceeding as a named party, has the right to withdraw such stockholder’s demand and accept the terms of the Merger by delivering a written withdrawal to Cend. If, following a demand for appraisal, a holder of shares of Cend Capital Stock who has demanded an appraisal has withdrawn such holder’s demand for appraisal in accordance with Section 262, such holder will have the right to receive the merger consideration for such holder’s shares of Cend Capital Stock.

Within 120 days after the effective date of the Merger, any stockholder who has delivered a demand for appraisal in accordance with Section 262 will, upon written request to the surviving corporation, be entitled to receive a written statement setting forth the aggregate number of shares not voted in favor of the Merger Agreement and with respect to which demands for appraisal rights have been received and the aggregate number of holders of such shares. This written statement will be mailed to the requesting stockholder within 10 days after the stockholder’s written request is received by the surviving corporation or within 10 days after expiration of the period for delivery of demands for appraisal, whichever is later. Within 120 days after the effective date of the Merger, either the surviving corporation or any stockholder who has delivered a demand for appraisal in accordance with Section 262 may file a petition in the Delaware Court of Chancery demanding a determination of the fair value of the shares held by all such stockholders. Upon the filing of the petition by a stockholder, service of a copy of the petition must be made upon the surviving corporation. The surviving corporation has no obligation to file a petition in the Delaware Court of Chancery in the event there are dissenting stockholders, and Cend, which is expected to be the surviving corporation, has no present intent to file a petition in the Delaware Court of Chancery. Accordingly, the failure of a stockholder to file a petition within the period specified could nullify the stockholder’s previously written demand for appraisal.

If a petition for appraisal is duly filed by a stockholder and a copy of the petition is delivered to the surviving corporation, the surviving corporation will then be obligated, within 20 days after receiving service of a copy of

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the petition, to provide the Delaware Court of Chancery with a duly verified list containing the names and addresses of all stockholders who have demanded an appraisal of their shares and with whom agreements as to the value of their shares have not been reached by the surviving corporation. After notice to dissenting stockholders who demanded appraisal of their shares, the Delaware Court of Chancery is empowered to conduct a hearing upon the petition, and to determine those stockholders who have complied with Section 262 and who have become entitled to the appraisal rights provided thereby. The Delaware Court of Chancery may require the stockholders who have demanded appraisal for their shares to submit their stock certificates to the Register in Chancery for notation thereon of the pendency of the appraisal proceedings; and if any stockholder fails to comply with that direction, the Delaware Court of Chancery may dismiss the proceedings as to that stockholder. If immediately before the Merger the shares of a class or series of stock as to which appraisal rights are available were listed on a national securities exchange, the Delaware Court of Chancery will dismiss the proceedings as to all holders of such shares who are otherwise entitled to appraisal rights unless (1) the total number of shares entitled to appraisal exceeds 1% of the outstanding shares of the class or series eligible for appraisal, (2) the value of the consideration provided in the Merger for such total number of shares exceeds $1.0 million or (3) the Merger was approved pursuant to Sections 253 or 267 of the DGCL.

After determination of the stockholders entitled to appraisal of their shares, the Delaware Court of Chancery will appraise the “fair value” of the shares owned by those stockholders. This value will be exclusive of any element of value arising from the accomplishment or expectation of the Merger, but may include a fair rate of interest, if any, upon the amount determined to be the fair value. At any time before the entry of judgment in the proceedings, the surviving corporation may pay to each shareowner entitled to appraisal an amount in cash, in which case interest shall accrue thereafter only upon the sum of (1) the difference, if any, between the amount paid and the fair value of the shares determined by the Delaware Court of Chancery, and (2) interest theretofore accrued, unless paid at that time. When the value is determined, the Delaware Court of Chancery will direct the payment of the value, with interest thereon accrued during the pendency of the proceeding, if the Delaware Court of Chancery so determines, to the stockholders entitled to receive the same, upon surrender by the holders of the certificates representing those shares.

In determining fair value, and, if applicable, a fair rate of interest, the Delaware Court of Chancery is required to take into account all relevant factors. In Weinberger v. UOP, Inc., the Delaware Supreme Court discussed the factors that could be considered in determining fair value in an appraisal proceeding, stating that “proof of value by any techniques or methods which are generally considered acceptable in the financial community and otherwise admissible in court” should be considered, and that “fair price obviously requires consideration of all relevant factors involving the value of a company.”

Section 262 provides that fair value is to be “exclusive of any element of value arising from the accomplishment or expectation of the Merger.” In Cede & Co. v. Technicolor, Inc., the Delaware Supreme Court stated that this exclusion is a “narrow exclusion [that] does not encompass known elements of value,” but which rather applies only to the speculative elements of value arising from such accomplishment or expectation. In Weinberger, the Delaware Supreme Court construed Section 262 to mean that “elements of future value, including the nature of the enterprise, which are known or susceptible of proof as of the date of the Merger and not the product of speculation, may be considered.”

Holders of shares of Cend Capital Stock should be aware that the fair value of such holder’s shares as determined under Section 262 could be more than, the same as, or less than the value that such holder is entitled to receive under the terms of the Merger Agreement.

Costs of the appraisal proceeding may be imposed upon the surviving corporation and the stockholders participating in the appraisal proceeding by the Delaware Court of Chancery as the Court deems equitable in the circumstances. Upon the application of a stockholder, the Delaware Court of Chancery may order all or a portion of the expenses incurred by any stockholder in connection with the appraisal proceeding, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and the fees and expenses of experts, to be charged pro rata against the value of all shares entitled to appraisal. In the absence of such a determination of assessment, each party bears its own expenses. Any stockholder who had demanded appraisal rights will not, after the Effective Time, be entitled to vote shares subject to that demand for any purpose or to receive payments of dividends or any other distribution with respect to those shares, other than with respect to payment as of a Record Date prior to the Effective Time; however, if no petition for appraisal is filed within 120 days after the Effective Time, or if the stockholder delivers a written withdrawal of his or her demand for appraisal and an acceptance of the terms of

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the Merger within 60 days after the Effective Time, then the right of that stockholder to appraisal will cease and that stockholder will be entitled to receive the merger consideration for shares of his or her Caladrius capital stock pursuant to the Merger Agreement. Any withdrawal of a demand for appraisal made more than 60 days after the Effective Time may only be made with the written approval of the surviving corporation. No appraisal proceeding in the Delaware Court of Chancery will be dismissed as to any stockholder without the approval of the court.

Failure to follow the steps required by Section 262 for perfecting appraisal rights may result in the loss of appraisal rights. In view of the complexity of Section 262, stockholders who may wish to dissent from the Merger and pursue appraisal rights should consult their legal advisors.

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THE MERGER AGREEMENT

The following is a summary of the material terms of the Merger Agreement. A copy of the Merger Agreement is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement as Annex A and is incorporated by reference into this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. The Merger Agreement has been attached to this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement to provide you with information regarding its terms. It is not intended to provide any other factual information about Caladrius, Cend or Merger Sub. The following description does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Merger Agreement. You should refer to the full text of the Merger Agreement for details of the Merger and the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement.

The Merger Agreement contains representations and warranties that Caladrius and Merger Sub, on the one hand, and Cend, on the other hand, have made to one another as of specific dates. These representations and warranties have been made for the benefit of the other parties to the Merger Agreement and may be intended not as statements of fact but rather as a way of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those statements prove to be incorrect. In addition, the assertions embodied in the representations and warranties are qualified by information in confidential disclosure schedules exchanged by the parties in connection with signing the Merger Agreement. While Caladrius and Cend do not believe that these disclosure schedules contain information required to be publicly disclosed under the applicable securities laws, other than information that has already been so disclosed, the disclosure schedules do contain information that modifies, qualifies and creates exceptions to the representations and warranties set forth in the attached Merger Agreement. Accordingly, you should not rely on the representations and warranties as current characterizations of factual information about Caladrius or Cend, because they were made as of specific dates, may be intended merely as a risk allocation mechanism between Caladrius, Merger Sub and Cend and are modified by the disclosure schedules.

General

Under the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time, Merger Sub will merge with and into Cend, with Cend surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Caladrius.

Treatment of Caladrius Options

Treatment of Cend Options

Directors and Officers of Caladrius Following the Merger

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, each of the directors and officers of Caladrius who will not continue as directors or officers of Caladrius following the consummation of the Merger, will resign immediately prior to the Effective Time. Following the consummation of the Merger, the Caladrius Board of Directors will include a total nine directors. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, four of such directors will be designated by Cend and four of such directors will be designated by Caladrius. Following the Closing, the eight Caladrius and Cend designees may mutually select a ninth director, though there are no current plans to do so. Effective as of the Effective Time, it is

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anticipated that Dr. David J. Mazzo, Ph.D., Dr. Gregory Brown, Steven Klosk and Cynthia Flowers will remain as directors of Caladrius and Dr. David J. Mazzo, Dr. Gregory Brown, Steven Klosk and Cynthia Flowers will elect David Slack, Dr. Erkki Ruoslahti, Heidi Henson and Dr. Mohammad Azab to the Caladrius Board of Directors. It is anticipated that the executive officers of Caladrius upon the Closing will be David J. Mazzo, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer, David Slack, President and Chief Business Officer and Dr. Kristen Buck, the Company’s current Executive Vice President of R&D and Chief Medical Officer.

Certificate of Incorporation and Amendments to the Certificate of Incorporation of Caladrius

Caladrius Stockholders of record on the Record Date will also be asked to approve amendments to the certificate of incorporation of Caladrius to effect the Reverse Stock Split and the Caladrius Name Change, in each case, upon consummation of the Merger, each of which requires the affirmative vote of holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Capital Stock on the Record Date.

Conditions to the Completion of the Merger

Each party’s obligation to complete the Merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver by each of the parties, at or prior to the Closing, of various conditions, which include the following:

•

the registration statement on Form S-4, of which this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is a part, must have been declared effective by the SEC in accordance with the Securities Act and must not be subject to any stop order or proceeding, or any proceeding threatened by the SEC, seeking a stop order that has not been withdrawn;

•

there must not have been issued, and remain in effect, any temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other order preventing the consummation of the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement by any court of competent jurisdiction or other governmental entity of competent jurisdiction, and no law, statute, rule, regulation, ruling or decree shall be in effect which has the effect of making the consummation of the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement illegal;

•

the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Cend Common Stock and Cend Preferred Stock, voting together as one class, the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Cend Series A Preferred Stock, voting as a separate class, the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Cend Series B Preferred Stock, voting as a separate class, and holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Cend Series D Preferred Stock, voting as a separate class, must have adopted and approved the Merger, and the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Capital Stock must have approved the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger and the issuance of Caladrius Common Stock in the Merger;

•

the existing shares of Caladrius Common Stock must have been continually listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market through the Closing, and Caladrius must have caused the shares of Caladrius Common Stock to be issued in the Merger to be approved for listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market (subject to official notice of issuance) as of the Closing; and

•

there must not be any legal proceeding pending, or overtly threatened in writing, by an official governmental body (i) challenging or seeking to restrain or prohibit the consummation of the Merger, (ii) relating to Caladrius and seeking to obtain from Caladrius, Cend or Merger Sub any damages or other relief that may be material to Caladrius or Cend, (iii) seeking to prohibit or limit in any material and adverse respect a party’s ability to vote, transfer, receive dividends with respect to, or otherwise exercise ownership rights with respect to Caladrius Common Stock, (iv) that would materially and adversely affect the right of Caladrius or Cend to own the assets or operate the business of Caladrius or Cend, or (v) seeking to compel Caladrius, Cend or any of Cend’s subsidiaries to dispose of or hold separate any material assets as a result of the Merger.

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In addition, each party’s obligation to complete the Merger is further subject to the satisfaction or waiver by that party of the following additional conditions:

•

with respect to (a) Cend, the representations and warranties regarding certain matters related to organization, organizational documents, authority, vote required, financial advisors and disclosure in this this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement in the Merger Agreement must be true and correct on the date of the Merger Agreement and on the closing date of the Merger with the same force and effect as if made on the date on which the Merger is to be completed or, if such representations and warranties address matters as of a particular date, then as of that particular date and (b) Caladrius, the representations and warranties regarding certain matters related to organization, organizational documents, authority, vote required, no conflicts, financial advisors and disclosure in this this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement in the Merger Agreement must be true and correct on the date of the Merger Agreement and on the closing date of the Merger with the same force and effect as if made on the date on which the Merger is to be completed or, if such representations and warranties address matters as of a particular date, then as of that particular date;

•

the representations and warranties regarding (i) intellectual property matters of Cend and (ii) SEC filing and financial statement matters of Caladrius in the Merger Agreement must be true and correct in all material respects on the date of the Merger Agreement and on the closing date of the Merger with the same force and effect as if made on the date on which the Merger is to be completed or, if such representations and warranties address matters as of a particular date, then as of that particular date;

•

the representations and warranties regarding capitalization matters of the other party in the Merger Agreement must be true and correct on the date of the Merger Agreement and on the closing date of the Merger with the same force and effect as if made on the date on which the Merger is to be completed or, if such representations and warranties address matters as of a particular date, then as of that particular date, except for such inaccuracies which are de minimis, individually or in the aggregate;

•

the remaining representations and warranties of the other party in the Merger Agreement must be true and correct on the date of the Merger Agreement and on the closing date of the Merger with the same force and effect as if made on the date on which the Merger is to be completed or, if such representations and warranties address matters as of a particular date, then as of that particular date, except in each case, or in the aggregate, where the failure to be so true and correct would not reasonably be expected to have a Company Material Adverse Effect or Caladrius Material Adverse Effect (each as defined below), as applicable (without giving effect to any references therein to any Company Material Adverse Effect or Caladrius Material Adverse Effect, as applicable, or other materiality qualifications);

•	the other party to the Merger Agreement must have performed or complied with in all material respects all of such party’s agreements and covenants required to be performed or complied with by it under the Merger Agreement at or prior to the Effective Time;

•	the other party must have delivered certain certificates and other documents required under the Merger Agreement for the Closing;

•	the party must have received from the other party lock-up agreements executed by certain stockholders of such party and each person who shall be elected or appointed as an executive officer or director of such party immediately following the Closing; and

•	the other party must have obtained certain consents or authorizations required under the Merger Agreement for the Closing, which must be in full force and effect at the Effective Time.

In addition, the obligation of Caladrius and Merger Sub to complete the Merger is further subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the following conditions:

•

there shall have been no effect, change, event, circumstance, or development that (considered together with all other effects, changes, events, circumstances, or developments that have occurred prior to the applicable date of determination) has or would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, assets, liabilities or results of operations of Cend or its

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subsidiaries, taken as a whole (a “Company Material Adverse Effect”); provided that effects, changes, events, circumstances or developments arising from the following shall not be taken into account for purposes of determining whether a Company Material Adverse Effect shall have occurred:

○	the announcement or pendency of the Merger Agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby;

○	the taking of any action, or the failure to take any action, by Cend that is required to comply with the terms of the Merger Agreement or the taking of any action expressly permitted by a certain Cend disclosure schedule;

○	continued losses from operations or decreases in cash balances of Cend or any of its subsidiaries or on a consolidated basis among Cend and its subsidiaries;

○

any natural disaster or any act or threat of terrorism or war anywhere in the world, any armed hostilities or terrorist activities anywhere in the world, any threat or escalation of armed hostilities or terrorist activities anywhere in the world or any governmental or other response or reaction to any of the foregoing;

○	any change in generally accepted accounting principles or any change in applicable laws, rules or regulations or the interpretation thereof;

○	general economic or political conditions or conditions generally affecting the industries in which the Cend and its subsidiaries operate; or

○

any epidemics, pandemics, disease outbreaks, or other public health emergencies or the escalation or worsening thereof, including COVID-19 or Cend’s compliance with any quarantine, “shelter in place,” “stay at home,” social distancing, shut down, closure, sequester, safety or similar law, guidelines or recommendations promulgated by any governmental body, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the World Health Organization, in each case, in connection with, related to, or in response to COVID-19, including the CARES Act and Families First Coronavirus Response Act; the conversion of Cend Preferred Stock (excluding any Cend Preferred Stock owned by Caladrius) into Cend Common Stock (the “Preferred Stock Conversion”) shall have occurred; and

•	Caladrius shall have received any and all invoices in respect of Cend’s transaction costs indicating that, upon payment of any applicable invoices, such party will have been paid in full.

In addition, the obligation of Cend to complete the Merger is further subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the following conditions:

•

the officers and directors of Caladrius who are not to continue as officers of Caladrius following the consummation of the Merger, will sign written resignations in forms reasonably satisfactory to Cend, dated as of the closing date and effective as of the Closing; the principal executive officer or the principal financial officer of Caladrius shall have provided, with respect to any document filed with the SEC on or after the date of the Merger Agreement, any necessary certification required under Rule 13a-14 under the Exchange Act;

•

there shall have been no effect, change, event, circumstance, or development that (considered together with all other effects, changes, circumstances, or developments that have occurred prior to the applicable date of determination) has or would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, assets, liabilities or results of operations of Caladrius and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole (a “Caladrius Material Adverse Effect”); provided, that effects, changes, events, circumstances or developments resulting from the following shall not be taken into account for purposes of determining whether a Caladrius Material Adverse Effect shall have occurred:

○	any rejection or non-acceptance by a governmental body of a registration statement or filing by Caladrius relating to intellectual property owned, licensed or controlled by Caladrius;

○	the announcement or pendency of the Merger Agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby;

○	any change in the stock price or trading volume of Caladrius Common Stock;

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○	the taking of any action, or the failure to take any action, by Caladrius that is required to comply with the terms of the Merger Agreement or the taking of any action expressly permitted by a certain Caladrius disclosure schedule;

○	any changes in or affecting research and development, clinical trials or other drug development activities conducted by or on behalf of Caladrius or its subsidiaries;

○	continued losses from operations or decreases in cash balances of Caladrius or any of its subsidiaries or on a consolidated basis among Caladrius and its subsidiaries;

○

any natural disaster or any act or threat of terrorism or war anywhere in the world, any armed hostilities or terrorist activities anywhere in the world, any threat or escalation of armed hostilities or terrorist activities anywhere in the world or any governmental or other response or reaction to any of the foregoing;

○	any change in generally accepted accounting principles or any change in applicable laws, rules or regulations or the interpretation thereof;

○	general economic or political conditions or conditions generally affecting the industries in which Caladrius operates; or

○

any epidemics, pandemics, disease outbreaks, or other public health emergencies or the escalation or worsening thereof, including COVID-19 or the Caladrius’ compliance with any quarantine, “shelter in place,” “stay at home,” social distancing, shut down, closure, sequester, safety or similar law, guidelines or recommendations promulgated by any governmental body, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the World Health Organization, in each case, in connection with, related to, or in response to COVID-19, including the CARES Act and Families First Coronavirus Response Act;

•	Caladrius must have a minimum net cash balance based on the closing date as follows:

○	if closing occurs in June of 2022, net cash shall be greater than or equal $70,465,000;

○	if closing occurs in July of 2022, net cash shall be greater than or equal $68,697,000;

○	if closing occurs in August of 2022, net cash shall be greater than or equal $66,976,000;

○	if closing occurs in September of 2022, net cash shall be greater than or equal $64,872,000;

○	if closing occurs in October of 2022, net cash shall be greater than or equal $63,134,000;

○	if closing occurs in November of 2022, net cash shall be greater than or equal $61,400,000;

○	if closing occurs in December of 2022, net cash shall be greater than or equal $59,709,000; and

○	if closing occurs in January of 2023, net cash shall be greater than or equal $57,642,000; and

•	the Caladrius Board of Directors shall have been constituted as set forth in the Merger Agreement.

Representations and Warranties

The Merger Agreement contains customary representations and warranties of Caladrius, Merger Sub and Cend for a transaction of this type relating to, among other things:

•	corporate organization and power, and similar corporate matters;

•	subsidiaries;

•	organizational documents;

•	authority to enter into the Merger Agreement and the related agreements;

•	votes required for completion of the Merger and approval of the proposals that will come before the Annual Meeting and that will be the subject of the written consent of the Cend Stockholders;

•	except as otherwise specifically disclosed pursuant to in the Merger Agreement, the fact that the consummation of the Merger would not contravene certain contracts or the organizational documents of the parties or require the consent of any third party;

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•	capitalization;

•	financial statements and, with respect to Caladrius, documents filed with the SEC and the accuracy of information contained in those documents;

•	material changes or events;

•	liabilities;

•	title to assets;

•	real property and leaseholds;

•	intellectual property;

•	the validity of material contracts to which the parties or their subsidiaries are a party and any violation, default or breach to such contracts;

•	regulatory compliance, permits and restrictions;

•	legal proceedings and orders;

•	tax matters;

•	employee and labor matters and benefit plans;

•	environmental matters;

•	insurance;

•	any brokerage or finder’s fee or other fee or commission in connection with the Merger;

•	the validity of information supplied for inclusion in this Registration Statement;

•	transactions with affiliates;

•	with respect to Caladrius, the valid issuance in the Merger of Caladrius Common Stock; and

•	with respect to Caladrius, the inapplicability of Section 203 of the DGCL.

The representations and warranties are, in many respects, qualified by materiality and knowledge, and will not survive the Merger, but their accuracy forms the basis of one of the conditions to the obligations of Caladrius, Merger Sub and Cend to complete the Merger.

No Solicitation

•	solicit, initiate or knowingly encourage, induce or facilitate the communication, making, submission or announcement of, any Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry;

•	furnish any non-public information with respect to it to any person in connection with or in response to an Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry;

•	engage in discussions or negotiations with any person with respect to any Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry;

•	approve, endorse or recommend an Acquisition Proposal; or

•	execute or enter into any letter of intent or similar document or any contract contemplating or otherwise relating to an Acquisition Transaction.

An “Acquisition Inquiry” means an inquiry, indication of interest or request for information (other than an inquiry, indication of interest or request for information made or submitted by Cend, on the one hand, or Caladrius, on the other hand, to the other party) that could reasonably be expected to lead to an Acquisition Proposal; provided, however, that the term “Acquisition Inquiry” shall not include the Merger or the other

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transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement or any transactions related to any sale, lease, exchange, transfer, license, disposition or other monetization of the technology and intellectual property of Caladrius in existence on the date of the Merger Agreement (the “Legacy Caladrius Assets”; and any such sale, lease, exchange, transfer, license, disposition or other monetization, a “Legacy Caladrius Business Disposition”).

An “Acquisition Proposal” means any offer or proposal, whether written or oral (other than an offer or proposal made or submitted by or on behalf of Cend or any of its affiliates, on the one hand, or by or on behalf of Caladrius or any of its affiliates, on the other hand, to the other party) contemplating or otherwise relating to any Acquisition Transaction; provided, however, that any Acquisition Proposal for the purchase of Legacy Caladrius Assets from a person that has previously negotiated with Caladrius, its subsidiaries and/or the representatives of it or its subsidiaries for the purchase of the Legacy Caladrius Assets shall not constitute an Acquisition Proposal for purposes of the Merger Agreement.

An “Acquisition Transaction” means any transaction or series of related transactions involving:

•

any merger, consolidation, amalgamation, share exchange, business combination, issuance or acquisition of securities, reorganization, recapitalization, tender offer, exchange offer or similar transaction: (i) in which Caladrius, Cend or Merger Sub is a constituent entity, (ii) in which any individual, entity, governmental entity, or “group,” as defined under applicable securities laws, directly or indirectly acquires beneficial or record ownership of securities representing more than 20% of the outstanding securities of any class of voting securities of Caladrius, Cend or Merger Sub or any of their respective subsidiaries or (iii) in which Caladrius, Cend or Merger Sub or any of their respective subsidiaries issues securities representing more than 20% of the outstanding securities of any class of voting securities of such party or any of its subsidiaries; or

•

any sale, lease, exchange, transfer, license, acquisition or disposition of any business or businesses or assets that constitute or account for 20% or more of the consolidated book value or the fair market value of the assets of Caladrius, Cend or Merger Sub and their respective subsidiaries, as applicable, taken as a whole.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, before obtaining the applicable approvals of the Caladrius Stockholders or Cend Stockholders required to consummate the Merger, each party may furnish non-public information regarding such party and its subsidiaries to, and may enter into discussions or negotiations with, any third party in response to a bona fide written Acquisition Proposal, which such party’s board of directors determines in good faith, after consultation with such party’s outside financial advisors and outside legal counsel, constitutes or is reasonably likely to result in a Superior Offer (as defined below), if:

•	neither such party nor any representative of such party has breached the non-solicitation provisions of the Merger Agreement described above;

•	such party’s board of directors concludes in good faith, based on the advice of outside legal counsel, that the failure to take such action is reasonably likely to be inconsistent with the fiduciary duties of such board of directors under applicable legal requirements;

•

such party gives the other party at least two business days’ prior written notice of the identity of the third party and of that party’s intention to furnish information to, or enter into discussions or negotiations with, such third party before furnishing any information or entering into discussions or negotiations with such third party;

•	such party receives from the third party an executed confidentiality agreement containing provisions at least as favorable to such party as those contained in the confidentiality agreement between Caladrius and Cend; and

•	at least two business days prior to the furnishing of any non-public information to a third party, such party furnishes the same non-public information to the other party to the extent not previously furnished.

A “Superior Offer” means an unsolicited, bona fide written Acquisition Proposal (with all references to 20% in the definition of Acquisition Transaction being treated as references to greater than 90% for these purposes) that (a) was not obtained or made as a direct or indirect result of a breach, or violation, of the Merger Agreement, and (b) is on terms and conditions that the board of directors of the party receiving the offer determines in good

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faith, based on such matters that it deems relevant, as well as any written offer by the other party to the Merger Agreement to amend the terms of the Merger Agreement, and following consultation with legal counsel and outside financial advisors, if any, are more favorable, from a financial point of view, to that party’s stockholders than the terms of the Merger Agreement.

An Acquisition Proposal will not be considered a Superior Offer if the Acquisition Proposal is subject to a financing condition (and if any financing is required to consummate the transaction contemplated by such Acquisition Proposal, such financing must be fully committed).

The Merger Agreement also provides that each party will promptly advise the other of the status and terms of, and keep the other party reasonably informed with respect to, any Acquisition Proposal or any inquiry, indication of interest or request for information that would reasonably be expected to lead to an Acquisition Proposal or any material change or proposed material change to that Acquisition Proposal or inquiry, indication of interest or request for information that would reasonably be expected to lead to an Acquisition Proposal.

Meetings of Stockholders

Caladrius is obligated under the Merger Agreement to call, give notice of and hold a meeting of its stockholders for the purposes of considering the approval of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger and the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock to Cend Stockholders in the Merger.

Cend is obligated under the Merger Agreement to obtain written consents of Cend Stockholders sufficient to adopt the Merger Agreement thereby approving the Merger and related transactions within two business days following the registration statement on Form S-4, of which this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is a part, being declared effective by the SEC.

Covenants; Conduct of Business Pending the Merger

Caladrius has agreed that, except as permitted by the Merger Agreement, as required by law, in connection with a Legacy Caladrius Business Disposition, pursuant to the terms of the Joint Development Agreement or unless Cend shall have provided written consent, during the period commencing on the date of the Merger Agreement and continuing until the earlier to occur of the Effective Time and the termination of the Merger Agreement, Caladrius will conduct its business and operations in the ordinary course consistent with past practices and in compliance with all applicable laws, regulations and certain contracts, continue to pay outstanding accounts payable and other current liabilities when due and payable and will take other agreed-upon actions. Caladrius has also agreed that, subject to certain limited exceptions, without the consent of Cend, it will not, during the period commencing on the date of the Merger Agreement and continuing until the earlier to occur of the Effective Time and the termination of the Merger Agreement:

•

declare, accrue, set aside or pay any dividend or make any other distribution in respect of any shares of capital stock; or repurchase, redeem or otherwise reacquire any shares of capital stock or other securities (except for shares of Caladrius Common Stock from terminated employees, directors or consultants of Caladrius);

•

except in connection with the hiring of any new employees, sell, issue, grant, pledge or otherwise dispose of or encumber or authorize any of the foregoing with respect to: any capital stock or other security (except for Caladrius Common Stock issued upon the valid exercise of outstanding Caladrius Options); any option, warrant or right to acquire any capital stock or any other security; or any instrument convertible into or exchangeable for any capital stock or other security;

•

except as required to give effect to anything in contemplation of the Closing, amend the certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other charter or organizational documents of Caladrius, or effect or become a party to any merger, consolidation, share exchange, business combination, recapitalization, reclassification of shares, stock split, reverse stock split or similar transaction except as related to the proposed transactions under the Merger Agreement;

•	form any subsidiary or acquire any equity interest or other interest in any other entity or enter into any joint venture with any other entity;

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•

lend money to any person; incur or guarantee any indebtedness for borrowed money, other than in the ordinary course of business; guarantee any debt securities of others; make any capital expenditure or commitment in excess of $500,000; or forgive any loans to any persons, including Caladrius’ employees, officers, directors or affiliates;

•

other than in the ordinary course of business, adopt, establish or enter into any Caladrius employee benefit agreement, plan or arrangement; cause or permit any Caladrius employee benefit agreement, plan or arrangement to be amended other than as required by law or in order to make amendments for purposes of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code; pay any bonus or make any profit- sharing or similar payment to, or increase the amount of the wages, salary, commissions, fringe benefits or other compensation or remuneration payable to, any of its employees, directors or consultants; or increase the severance or change of control benefits offered to any current or new employees, directors or consultants;

•	enter into any material transaction other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practices;

•	acquire any material asset or sell, lease or otherwise irrevocably dispose of any material portion of its assets or properties, or grant any encumbrance with respect to such assets or properties, except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practices;

•	make, change or revoke any material tax election; file any material amendment to any tax return or adopt or change any material accounting method in respect of taxes;

•	take any action, other than as required by law or generally accepted accounting principles, to change accounting policies or procedures;

•

pay, discharge or satisfy any claims, liabilities or obligations, other than the payment, discharge or satisfaction in the ordinary course consistent with past practice of liabilities reflected or reserved against in Caladrius’ financial statements delivered to Cend or incurred in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice;

•	except as permitted in the Merger Agreement, enter into, amend or terminate any of Caladrius’ material contracts;

•	materially change pricing or royalties or other payments set or charged by Caladrius to its customers or licensees or agree to materially change pricing or royalties or other payments set or charged by persons who have licensed intellectual property of Caladrius;

•	initiate or settle any legal proceeding or other claim or dispute involving or against Caladrius or any of its subsidiaries; or

•	agree, resolve or commit to do any of the foregoing.

During the period prior to the Closing, Caladrius shall have the right to distribute any Legacy Caladrius Assets Proceeds to the Caladrius Stockholders provided that any means and mechanism of distribution shall be reasonably acceptable to Cend.

Cend has agreed that, except as permitted by the Merger Agreement, pursuant to the terms of the Joint Development Agreement, as required by law, or unless Caladrius shall have provided written consent, during the period commencing on the date of the Merger Agreement and continuing until the earlier to occur of the Effective Time and the termination of the Merger Agreement, Cend will conduct its business and operations in the ordinary course consistent with past practices and in compliance with all applicable laws, regulations and certain contracts, and will take other agreed-upon actions. Cend has also agreed that, subject to certain limited exceptions, without the consent of Caladrius, it will not, during the period commencing on the date of the Merger Agreement and continuing until the earlier to occur of the Effective Time and the termination of the Merger Agreement:

•

declare, accrue, set aside or pay any dividend or make any other distribution in respect of any shares of capital stock; or repurchase, redeem or otherwise reacquire any shares of capital stock or other securities (except for shares of common stock from terminated employees, directors or consultants of Cend);

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•

except as required to give effect to anything in contemplation of the Closing, amend the certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other charter or organizational documents of Cend or its subsidiaries, or effect or become a party to any merger, consolidation, share exchange, business combination, recapitalization, reclassification of shares, stock split, reverse stock split or similar transaction except as related to the proposed transactions under the Merger Agreement;

•

except in connection with the hiring of any new employees, sell, issue, grant, pledge or otherwise dispose of or encumber or authorize any of the foregoing actions with respect to: any capital stock or other security (except for shares of Cend Common Stock issued upon the valid exercise of Cend Options); any option, warrant or right to acquire any capital stock or any other security, other than option grants to employees and service providers in the ordinary course of business in accordance with past practices; or any instrument convertible into or exchangeable for any capital stock or other security of Cend;

•	form any subsidiary or acquire any equity interest or other interest in any other entity or enter into a joint venture with any other entity;

•

lend money to any person; incur or guarantee any indebtedness for borrowed money, other than in the ordinary course of business in accordance with past practices; guarantee any debt securities of others; make any capital expenditure or commitment in excess of $500,000; or forgive any loans to any persons, including Cend’s or any of its subsidiaries’ employees, officers, directors or affiliates;

•

other than in the ordinary course of business: adopt, establish or enter into any employee benefit agreement, plan or arrangement; cause or permit any employee benefit agreement, plan or arrangement to be amended other than as required by law or in order to make amendments for purposes of Section 409A of the Code; pay any bonus or make any profit-sharing or similar payment to, or increase the amount of the wages, salary, commissions, fringe benefits or other compensation or remuneration payable to, any of its directors, officers, employees or consultants; or increase the severance or change of control benefits offered to any current or new employees, directors or consultants;

•	enter into any material transaction outside the ordinary course of business in accordance with past practices;

•	acquire any material asset or sell, lease or otherwise irrevocably dispose of any material portion of its assets or properties, or grant any encumbrance with respect to such assets or properties, except in the ordinary course of business in accordance with past practices;

•	sell, assign, transfer, license, sublicense or otherwise dispose of any material Cend intellectual property rights (other than pursuant to non-exclusive licenses in the ordinary course of business in accordance with past practices);

•	make, change or revoke any material tax election; file any material amendment to any tax return or adopt or change any material accounting method in respect of taxes;

•	take any action, other than as required by law or U.S. GAAP, to change accounting policies or procedures;

•

pay, discharge or satisfy any claims, liabilities or obligations (absolute, accrued, asserted or unasserted, contingent or otherwise), other than the payment, discharge or satisfaction in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice of liabilities reflected or reserved against in Cend’s financial statements delivered to Caladrius, or incurred in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice;

•	enter into, amend or terminate any of Cend’s material contracts;

•

materially change pricing or royalties or other payments set or charged by Cend or any of its subsidiaries to its customer or licensees or agree to materially change pricing or royalties or other payments set or charged by persons who have licensed intellectual property to the Cend or any of its subsidiaries;

•	initiate or settle any legal proceeding or other claim or dispute involving or against Cend or any of its subsidiaries; or

•	agree, resolve or commit to do any of the foregoing.

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Other Agreements

Each of Caladrius and Cend has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause to be taken all actions necessary to consummate the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. In connection therewith, each party has agreed to:

•	make all filings and other submissions (if any) and give all notices (if any) required to be made and given by such party in connection with the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement;

•	use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain each consent (if any) reasonably required to be obtained in connection with the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement;

•	use commercially reasonable efforts to lift any injunction prohibiting, or any other legal bar to, the Merger or the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement; and

•	use commercially reasonable efforts to satisfy the conditions precedent to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Caladrius and Cend have further agreed that:

•

Caladrius will use its commercially reasonable efforts to (a) maintain the listing of the Caladrius Common Stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market until the Closing and to obtain approval for listing of the combined organization on The Nasdaq Capital Market; (b) to the extent required by the rules and regulations of Nasdaq, (i) prepare and submit to Nasdaq a notification form for the listing of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock to be issued in connection with the Merger and (ii) cause such shares to be approved for listing (subject to official notice of issuance); and (c) to the extent required by Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5110, file an initial listing application for the Caladrius Common Stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market and to cause such listing application to be conditionally approved prior to the Effective Time;

•	for a period of six years after the Closing, Caladrius will indemnify each of the directors and officers of Caladrius and Cend to the fullest extent permitted under the DGCL and will maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance for the directors and officers of Caladrius and Cend;

•	Caladrius shall maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies commencing at the Closing, on commercially reasonable terms and conditions and with coverage limits customary for U.S. public companies similarly situated to Caladrius;

•	Cend shall take all action required to effect the Preferred Stock Conversion prior to the Closing; and

•	Caladrius and Cend shall enter, or shall have entered, into a joint development agreement in substantially the form attached to the Merger Agreement (the “Joint Development Agreement”).

Termination

The Merger Agreement may be terminated at any time before the completion of the Merger, whether before or after the required stockholder approvals to complete the Merger have been obtained, as set forth below:

•	by mutual written consent of Caladrius and Cend;

•

by either Caladrius or Cend if the Merger shall not have been consummated by November 11, 2022 (the “End Date”); provided, however, that this right to terminate the Merger Agreement will not be available to any party whose action or failure to act has been a principal cause of the failure of the Merger to occur on or before the End Date and such action or failure to act constitutes a breach of the Merger Agreement, or in the event that the SEC has not declared effective the registration statement on Form S-4, of which this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is a part, by the date which is 60 days prior to the End Date, then either Cend or Caladrius shall be entitled, on one occasion, to extend the End Date for an additional 60 days;

•

by either Caladrius or Cend if a court of competent jurisdiction or governmental entity has issued a final and nonappealable order, decree or ruling or taken any other action that permanently restrains, enjoins or otherwise prohibits the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement;

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•

by Caladrius if the written consent of Cend Stockholders necessary to adopt the Merger Agreement and approve the Merger and related matters has not been obtained within two business days of the registration statement on Form S-4, of which this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is a part, becoming effective; provided that this right to terminate the Merger Agreement will not be available to Caladrius once Cend obtains such stockholder approval;

•

by Cend if (A) the Cend Board of Directors withdraws or modifies its recommendation that Cend Stockholders vote to adopt and approve the Merger and related matters in a manner adverse to Caladrius and (B) the written consent of Cend Stockholders necessary to adopt the Merger Agreement and approve the Merger and related matters has not been obtained within two business days of the registration statement on Form S-4, of which this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is a part, becoming effective; provided that this right to terminate the Merger Agreement will not be available to Cend once Cend obtains such stockholder approval; provided, further, that such right to terminate the Merger Agreement shall not be available to Cend where the failure to obtain such stockholder approval shall have been caused by the action or failure to act of Cend and such action or failure to act constitutes a material breach by Cend of the Merger Agreement;

•

by either Caladrius or Cend if the Annual Meeting shall have been held and completed and Caladrius Stockholders shall have taken a final vote and shall not have approved the Merger Agreement or any of the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger and the issuance of Caladrius Common Stock to Cend Stockholders in the Merger; provided, that Caladrius may not terminate the Merger Agreement pursuant to this provision if the failure to obtain the approval of Caladrius Stockholders was caused by the action or failure to act of Caladrius and such action or failure to act constitutes a material breach by Caladrius of the Merger Agreement;

•	by Cend, at any time prior to the approval by Caladrius Stockholders of the proposals to be considered at the Annual Meeting, if any of the following circumstances shall occur (each of the following, a “Caladrius Triggering Event”):

○

Caladrius fails to include in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement the Caladrius Board of Directors’ recommendation that Caladrius Stockholders vote to approve the Merger and the issuance of Caladrius Common Stock to Cend Stockholders in connection with the Merger or withdraws or modifies its recommendation in a manner adverse to Cend;

○	the Caladrius Board of Directors approves, endorses or recommends any Acquisition Proposal;

○	Caladrius enters into any letter of intent or similar document or any contract relating to any Acquisition Proposal, other than a confidentiality agreement permitted pursuant to the Merger Agreement;

○	Caladrius or any director, officer or agent of Caladrius willfully and intentionally breaches the non-solicitation provisions or the provisions regarding the Annual Meeting set forth in the Merger Agreement; or

○	Caladrius fails to hold the Annual Meeting within 60 days after the of the registration statement on Form S-4, of which this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is a part, being declared effective by the SEC;

•	by Caladrius, at any time prior to the adoption of the Merger Agreement by the Cend Stockholders, if any of the following circumstances shall occur (each a “Cend Triggering Event”):

○	the Cend Board of Directors withdraws or modifies its recommendation in a manner adverse to Caladrius or approves, endorses or recommends any Acquisition Proposal;

○	Cend enters into any letter of intent or similar document or any contract relating to any Acquisition Proposal, other than a confidentiality agreement permitted pursuant to the Merger Agreement; or

○	Cend or any director, officer or agent of Cend willfully and intentionally breaches the non-solicitation provisions or the provisions regarding the Cend Stockholder written consent set forth in the Merger Agreement;

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•

by Caladrius or Cend if the other party has breached any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in the Merger Agreement or if any representation or warranty of the other party has become inaccurate, in either case such that the conditions to the Closing would not be satisfied as of time of such breach or inaccuracy, but if such breach or inaccuracy is curable, then the Merger Agreement will not terminate pursuant to this provision as a result of a particular breach or inaccuracy until the earlier of the expiration of a 30-day period after delivery of written notice of such breach or inaccuracy and the breaching party ceasing to exercise commercially reasonable efforts to cure such breach, if such breach has not been cured;

•

by Caladrius, at any time prior to the approval by Caladrius Stockholders of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, including the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock to Cend Stockholders in the Merger, if the Caladrius Board of Directors authorizes Caladrius to enter into any alternative agreement; provided that Caladrius shall not enter into such alternative agreement unless (i) Cend shall have received written notice from Caladrius of its intention to enter into such alternative agreement at least four business days in advance, with such notice describing the reasons for such intention as well as the material terms and conditions of such alternative agreement, including the identity of the counterparty and the then current draft of the alternative agreement, (ii) Caladrius shall have complied in all material respects with the non-solicitation provisions or the provisions regarding the Caladrius Stockholder vote set forth in the Merger Agreement and (iii) the Caladrius Board of Directors shall have determined in good faith, after consultation with its outside legal counsel, that he failure to enter into such alternative agreement would be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties under applicable law;

•	by Caladrius if the Cend audited financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are not delivered to Caladrius by August 1, 2022; or

•

by Cend, at any time prior to the written consent of Cend Stockholders necessary to adopt the Merger Agreement and approve the Merger and related matters and following compliance with all of the requirements set forth in the proviso hereto, upon the Cend Board of Directors authorizing Cend to enter into a definitive agreement that contemplates or otherwise relates to an Acquisition Transaction that constitutes a Superior Offer (a “Permitted Alternative Agreement”); provided, however, that the Company shall not enter into any Permitted Alternative Agreement unless: (i) Caladrius shall have received written notice from Cend of Cend’s intention to enter into such Permitted Alternative Agreement at least four business days in advance, with such notice describing in reasonable detail the reasons for such intention as well as the material terms and conditions of such Permitted Alternative Agreement, including the identity of the counterparty together with copies of the then-current draft of such Permitted Alternative Agreement and any other related principal transaction documents, (ii) Cend shall have complied in all material respects with its applicable obligations under the Merger Agreement and (iii) the Cend Board of Directors shall have determined in good faith, after consultation with its outside legal counsel, that the failure to enter into such Permitted Alternative Agreement would be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties under applicable law.

Termination Fee

Fee payable by Caladrius

Caladrius must pay Cend a termination fee of $1.0 million if:

•

(a)(i) the Merger Agreement is terminated by either Caladrius or Cend if the Annual Meeting shall have been held and completed and the Caladrius Stockholders shall have not approved the Merger Agreement or the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, including the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock to Cend Stockholders in the Merger, (ii) the Merger Agreement is terminated by Cend because Caladrius or Merger Sub has breached any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in the Merger Agreement or if any representation or warranty of Caladrius or Merger Sub has become inaccurate, in either case such that the conditions to the Closing would not be satisfied as of the time of such breach or inaccuracy, subject to a 30-day cure period or (iii) the Merger Agreement is terminated by Cend if the Merger is not consummated by the End Date, (b) at any time after the date of Merger Agreement and prior to the Annual Meeting an

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Acquisition Proposal with respect to Caladrius was publicly announced, disclosed or otherwise communicated to the Caladrius Board of Directors, and (c) within 12 months after the date of such termination, Caladrius enters into a definitive agreement for or consummates an Acquisition Transaction;

•	the Merger Agreement is terminated by Caladrius, at any time prior to the Caladrius Stockholders’ approval of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement if the Caladrius Board of Directors authorizes Caladrius to enter into an alternative agreement; or

•	the Merger Agreement is terminated by Cend at any time prior to the approval of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement by the Caladrius Stockholders upon the occurrence of a Caladrius Triggering Event.

Caladrius must reimburse Cend for expenses incurred by Cend in connection with the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, up to a maximum of $1.0 million, if:

•

the Merger Agreement is terminated by Cend if (a) the Annual Meeting shall have been held and completed and (b) the Caladrius Stockholders shall have not approved the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, including the issuance of shares of Caladrius Common Stock to Cend Stockholders in the Merger;

•

the Merger Agreement is terminated by Cend because Caladrius or Merger Sub has breached any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in the Merger Agreement or if any representation or warranty of Caladrius or Merger Sub has become inaccurate, in either case such that the conditions to the Closing would not be satisfied as of the time of such breach or inaccuracy, subject to a 30-day cure period; or

•	in the event of a failure by Caladrius to consummate the transactions described in the Merger Agreement solely as a result of a Caladrius Material Adverse Effect, as defined in the section entitled “The Merger Agreement—Conditions to the Completion of the Merger.”

Fee payable by Cend

Cend must pay Caladrius a termination fee of $4.0 million if:

•

the Merger Agreement is terminated by Caladrius if (a)(i) the required approval of Cend Stockholders has not been obtained within two business days of the registration statement on Form S-4, of which this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is a part, being declared effective by the SEC, (ii) the Merger Agreement is terminated by Caladrius if the Merger is not consummated by the End Date; or (iii) the Merger Agreement is terminated by Caladrius because Cend has breached any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in the Merger Agreement or if any representation or warranty of Cend has become inaccurate, in either case such that the conditions to the Closing would not be satisfied as of the time of such breach or inaccuracy, subject to a 30-day cure period, (b) at any time after the date of the Merger Agreement and prior to obtaining the approval of the Cend Stockholders, an Acquisition Proposal with respect to Cend was publicly announced, disclosed or otherwise communicated to the Cend Board of Directors and (c) within 12 months after the date of such termination, Cend enters into a definitive agreement for or consummates an Acquisition Transaction;

•	the Merger Agreement is terminated by Caladrius at any time prior to the adoption of the Merger Agreement, and approval of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, by the Cend Stockholders upon the occurrence of a Cend Triggering Event; or

•	the Merger Agreement is terminated by Cend upon the Cend Board of Directors authorizing Cend to enter into a Permitted Alternative Agreement.

Cend must reimburse Caladrius for expenses incurred by Caladrius in connection with the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, up to a maximum of $1.0 million, if:

•	the Merger Agreement is terminated by Caladrius if the required approval of Cend Stockholders has not been obtained within two business days of the registration statement on Form S-4, of which this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is a part, being declared effective by the SEC;

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•

the Merger Agreement is terminated by Caladrius because Cend has breached any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in the Merger Agreement or if any representation or warranty of Cend has become inaccurate, in either case such that the conditions to the Closing would not be satisfied as of the time of such breach or inaccuracy, subject to a 30-day cure period; or

•	in the event of a failure by Cend to consummate the transactions described in the Merger Agreement solely as a result of the occurrence of a Company Material Adverse Effect, as defined above in the section entitled “The Merger Agreement—Conditions to the Completion of the Merger.”

Amendment

The Merger Agreement may be amended with the approval of the respective boards of directors of Caladrius, Cend and Merger Sub at any time, except that after the Merger Agreement has been adopted and approved by the Caladrius Stockholders or Cend Stockholders, no amendment which by law requires further approval by the Caladrius Stockholders or Cend Stockholders, as the case may be, shall be made without such further approval.

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AGREEMENTS RELATED TO THE MERGER

Support Agreements

In order to induce Caladrius to enter into the Merger Agreement, certain Cend Stockholders are parties to a support agreement with Caladrius pursuant to which, among other things, each stockholder has agreed, solely in his, her or its capacity as a Cend Stockholder, to vote all of his, her or its shares of Cend Capital Stock in favor of the adoption of the Merger Agreement, the approval of the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger and the approval of any other matter necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement that are considered and voted upon by the Cend Stockholders and against any Acquisition Proposal. These Cend Stockholders have also granted Caladrius an irrevocable proxy to vote their respective shares of Cend Capital Stock in accordance with the support agreements. The Cend Stockholders may vote their shares of Cend Capital Stock on all other matters not referred to in such proxy. The parties to the support agreements with Caladrius include all directors and executive officers of Cend and certain major stockholders of Cend, including ER Trust 2/18/11, Innovation 2016 Kyoto Investment Limited Partnership, Leading Choice International Limited, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Kazuki Sugahara and Tambet Teesalu.

Under these support agreements, subject to certain exceptions, such stockholders have also agreed not to sell or transfer their shares of Caladrius Common Stock and securities convertible into shares of Caladrius Common Stock held by them until the earlier of the termination of the Merger Agreement and the completion of the Merger, subject to certain exceptions. To the extent that any such sale or transfer is permitted pursuant to the exceptions included in the support agreements, each person to which any shares of Caladrius Common Stock or securities convertible into shares of Caladrius Common Stock are so sold or transferred must agree in writing to be bound by the terms and provisions of the support agreement, subject to certain further exceptions with respect to certain Caladrius Stockholders.

Lock-up Agreements

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As of June 13, 2022, Caladrius Stockholders who have executed lock-up agreements beneficially owned in the aggregate approximately 1.8% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock.

Stock Purchase Agreement

Collaboration Agreement

Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, Caladrius and Cend entered into a Collaboration Agreement (the “Collaboration Agreement”), pursuant to which Caladrius and Cend agreed to collaborate on certain developmental and clinical activities prior to the closing of the Merger. Under the Collaboration Agreement, Caladrius and Cend agreed to form a joint steering committee (the “Committee”) comprised of individuals from both entities. The Committee is required to meet regularly and be responsible for monitoring ongoing studies and making recommendations for development activity and trial planning. Cend has agreed to pay each member of the Committee from Caladrius an hourly consulting fee for such service.

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CALADRIUS DIRECTORS, OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Executive Officers of Caladrius

The following table sets forth information regarding Caladrius’ executive officers and directors as of June 13, 2022:

Name	Age	Position/Office Held with Caladrius
David J. Mazzo, Ph.D.	65	President and Chief Executive Officer
Kristen K. Buck, M.D.	48	Executive Vice President R&D and Chief Medical Officer

David J. Mazzo, Ph.D. Dr. Mazzo was appointed as Caladrius’ President and Chief Executive Officer on March 28, 2017. Dr. Mazzo was previously appointed as Caladrius’ Chief Executive Officer and as a member of the Caladrius Board of Directors on January 5, 2015. Dr. Mazzo brings to Caladrius over 38 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry. Prior to joining Caladrius, Dr. Mazzo served from August 2008 to October 2014 as Chief Executive Officer and as a member of the Board of Directors of Regado Biosciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: RGDO), a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of novel antithrombotic drug systems for acute and sub-acute cardiovascular indications. Prior to his leading Regado, from March 2007 to April 2008, Dr. Mazzo was President, Chief Executive Officer and a director of Æterna Zentaris, Inc. (Nasdaq: AEZS), a publicly held international biopharmaceutical company. From 2003 until 2007 Dr. Mazzo served as President, Chief Executive Officer and director of Chugai Pharma USA, LLC, a biopharmaceutical company and U.S. subsidiary of Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. of Japan and a member of the Roche Group. Dr. Mazzo has also held senior management and executive positions in research and development and was a director of the Essex Chimie European subsidiary at Schering-Plough Corporation, a publicly held pharmaceutical company that was subsequently acquired by Merck & Co., Inc.; Hoechst Marion Roussel, Inc., the U.S. subsidiary of Hoechst AG, that was subsequently acquired by Sanofi, a multinational pharmaceuticals company; and Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Inc., a subsidiary of Rhone-Poulenc SA, a French pharmaceuticals company, that was subsequently acquired by Hoechst AG. He previously served on the board of directors of publicly held EyePoint Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (formerly known as pSivida Corp.), a biopharmaceutical company, from October 2005 to June 2020, Seneca Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: SNCA), a therapeutics development company focused on CNS applications that merged with Palisade BIO, from April 2019 to April 2021 and Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc., from October 2005 through January 2015, a pharmaceutical company that was sold to Otsuka Holdings in 2015. He currently serves on the board of directors of VTI, Inc. (ASX: VTI), a developer and seller of therapeutic contact lenses, where he has served as Chairman of the board since February 2020 and Feldan Therapeutics, a private company developing technology for the intracellular delivery of therapeutic agents, where he has served on the board since January 2021.

Kristen K. Buck, M.D. Dr. Buck joined Caladrius in September 2021 as Executive Vice President of R&D and Chief Medical Officer (“CMO”) of the Company. Prior to joining Caladrius Dr. Buck worked at ICON plc from March 2020 to July 2021, where she served as its CMO and represented the company’s position on key scientific, ethical, and medical governance matters, provided guidance and oversight to the medical and scientific groups, and led the Drug Development Services group. Prior to that, Dr. Buck was Senior Vice President & Chief of Clinical Development at Optum Insights (part of the United Healthcare Group) from August 2018 to March 2020, where she led the clinical operations and regulatory groups within the Digital Research Network (DRN) clinical trial business. From January 2014 to July 2018, Dr. Buck held a position at Quintiles/IQVIA as Vice President of Global Strategic Drug Development designing clinical development plans and protocols across all therapeutic areas for emerging biotech and large pharma.

Earlier in her career, Dr. Buck worked as a primary care physician and then later served as a medical officer in the FDA’s Office of New Drugs Division of Gastrointestinal and Hematology Drug Products where she was responsible for reviewing efficacy and safety data for new drug indications, as well as post-marketing safety data for over 40 drugs. Dr. Buck worked at AstraZeneca where she served as a Global Safety Physician and Global Study Physician. Her experience ranges over multiple therapeutic indications including cardiovascular/metabolic, rare diseases, gastrointestinal, neuroscience, oncology, immunology, and women’s health.

Dr. Buck is a board certified and licensed physician who received her medical degree from the Pennsylvania State University School of Medicine and completed her internship and residency in Internal Medicine at Abington Memorial Hospital before working in a private practice as a primary care physician.

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Directors of Caladrius

The following table sets forth information regarding Caladrius’ directors as of June 13, 2022:

Name	Age	Position/Office Held with Caladrius	Director Since	Director Term Expires
Gregory B. Brown, M.D.	68	Director	2016	2024
David J. Mazzo, Ph.D.	65	Director	2015	2024
Michael H. Davidson, M.D.	65	Director	2020	2022
Cynthia L. Flowers	62	Director	2018	2023
Steven M. Klosk	65	Director	2014	2022
Steven S. Myers	75	Director	2006	2022
Peter G. Traber, M.D.	67	Director	2015	2023
Anne C. Whitaker	55	Director	2020	2023

Dr. Mazzo’s biographical information is set forth above under the section entitled “Caladrius Directors, Officers and Corporate Governance—Executive Officers of Caladrius.” We believe that Dr. Mazzo is qualified to serve on the Caladrius Board based on his experience within the pharmaceutical industry and his executive experience, specifically his experience as Chief Executive Officer at other companies in the biopharmaceutical industry, as well as his service on other boards of directors in the healthcare industry in addition to his scientific training and experience.

Gregory B. Brown, M.D. Dr. Brown was appointed to the Caladrius Board of Directors in October 2016 and was elected Chairman by the Caladrius Board of Directors on February 16, 2017. Dr. Brown is currently Chief Executive Officer of Memgen, Inc., a development-stage biotechnology company. In 2007, Dr. Brown co-founded HealthCare Royalty Partners (“HCR Partners”), a healthcare-focused private asset management firm investing in biopharmaceutical and medical products, and developing and deploying innovative risk-mitigated investment strategies to deliver non-correlated cash flow. Dr. Brown remains Vice Chairman of HCR Partners and a member of the firm’s SAB. Dr. Brown was educated as a transplantation immunologist and trained as a thoracic and vascular surgeon. He practiced thoracic and vascular surgery in a community setting where he also founded and led a health maintenance organization. He brings particular expertise in the scientific, technical, clinical and medical evaluation of products as well as in healthcare systems and payor/reimbursement dynamics. He has been involved in sourcing, performing due diligence on and closing more than $1 billion of royalty financings.

Before co-founding HCR Partners, Dr. Brown was a partner at Paul Capital Partners where he co-managed that firm’s royalty investments as a member of the royalty management committee. Prior to beginning his principal investment career in 2003, Dr. Brown was co-head of investment banking and head of healthcare at Adams, Harkness & Hill (now Canaccord Genuity) and a ranked biotechnology research analyst at Vector Securities International. Dr. Brown holds a B.A. from Yale, an M.D. from SUNY Upstate Medical Center and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School. He currently serves on the boards of FAST Biomedical since January 2020, Memgen, Inc. since October 2018, Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. since 2007, and Faron Pharmaceuticals, Oy since 2017. He previously served on the boards of Cambrex Corporation, Invuity, Inc. and Vanderbilt Clinical, S.a.r.l. We believe that Dr. Brown is qualified to serve on the Caladrius Board based on his medical, financial and management experience.

Michael H. Davidson, M.D. Dr. Davidson joined the Caladrius Board of Directors in July 2020. He is an industry leader and expert in preventative cardiology and lipidology and has served as the Chief Executive Officer and Member of the Board of New Amsterdam Pharma since August 2020. In addition, he has served on the Board of Directors for Tenax since March 2021 and the Board of Directors of Inositec since July 2021. Prior to that, he was the Founder and Chief Scientific Officer of Corvidia Therapeutics, which was sold in 2021 to Novo-Nordisk for $2.1 billion. Dr. Davidson also serves as Clinical Professor and Director of the Lipid Clinic at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine. He previously served on the Board of Directors of Cerenis Therapeutic/Abionyx Therapeutics from January 2015 through September 2019.

In addition to his current roles, Dr. Davidson is a nationally recognized expert in lipidology and has been named one of “The Best Doctors in America” by Best Doctors Inc. for the past 11 years. Dr. Davidson was the co-founding Chief Medical Officer of Omthera Pharmaceuticals in 2008, which was later acquired by Astra Zeneca Pharmaceutical in 2013 for $443 million. His research and clinical development background encompass

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both pharmaceutical and nutritional clinical trials, including extensive research on statins, novel lipid-lowering drugs, and omega-3 fatty acids. Dr. Davidson is board-certified in internal medicine, cardiology and clinical lipidology and served as President of the National Lipid Association from 2010 to 2011. He received his B.A. and M.S. from Northwestern University and an M.D. from The Ohio State University School of Medicine. We believe that Dr. Davidson is qualified to serve on the Caladrius Board of Directors based on his experience in healthcare, including as an industry leader and expert in preventative cardiology and lipidology.

Cynthia L. Flowers. Ms. Flowers was appointed to the Caladrius Board of Directors in November 2018. She is the owner of EIR Advisory LLC, a life sciences advisory and strategic investment firm. From February 2014 through November 2017, Ms. Flowers was President and Chief Executive Officer of Ipsen North America, where she led the transformation of the company as it became the highest-growth subsidiary worldwide. Prior to joining Ipsen, she served as President of Eisai Pharmaceuticals, where she oversaw commercial operations, medical affairs and services, manufacturing, alliance management and other functions. She has also held general management roles, both domestically and internationally, at Amgen Inc. and Johnson & Johnson. Ms. Flowers began her career as an oncology/critical care nurse.

Ms. Flowers currently serves on the board of Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC, a multigenerational generics company and G1 Therapeutics Inc., a biotechnology clinical development company. She has held positions on numerous corporate and non-profit boards, including Nanoform Finland OYi, a nanoparticle manufacturing company, Kadmon Group, Inc., a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company, the Women’s Leadership Advisory Board for the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and the board of directors for the Sarah Cannon Oncology Research Institute. She currently serves as a Wharton Business School Leadership Advisor. Ms. Flowers holds an M.B.A. from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and a B.S.N. from the University of Delaware. We believe that Ms. Flowers is qualified to serve on the Caladrius Board of Directors based on her pharmaceutical industry, management and scientific training and experience.

Steven M. Klosk. Mr. Klosk joined the Caladrius Board of Directors in 2014. He is a senior executive with extensive management experience in the life sciences industry. He served as a Director at Cambrex Corporation (NYSE:CBM) from May 2008 through December 2019, until it was acquired by Permira and then as Director from December 2019 until June 2020. Cambrex is one of the leading providers of active pharmaceutical ingredients, advanced intermediates and finished dosage form products to the branded and generic pharmaceutical markets, where he served as President and Chief Executive Officer from May 2008 through June 2020. In that role he was responsible for all aspects of Cambrex’s global business with manufacturing and R&D facilities in the United States, Sweden, Italy, Estonia and Germany. In addition, he has served on the Board of Directors of Recipharm, a leading pharmaceutical contract development & manufacturing organization since March 2021 and Golden Arrow Merger Corp. since March 2021. In addition, since 2021 he has served on the board of directors of Formulated Solutions, a topicals contract development and manufacturing company (“CDMO”) where he is the chairman of the board; BioIVT, a leading supplier of biologics specimens for biotech research; BIOVECTRA, a leading small molecule and biologics CDMO; and NJ Bio, a leading antibody drug conjugate contract research organization.

Mr. Klosk held other executive positions at Cambrex Corporation, including President, Executive Vice President & COO as well as President, Pharma Business Unit (2007-2008) where he had full P&L and balance sheet responsibility for four operating units in North America and Europe. Prior to this he was Executive Vice President & COO Cambrex Pharma & Biopharmaceuticals Business Unit (2003-2007) where he was responsible for managing a highly profitable global business with six operating units in North America and Europe. Earlier in his career Mr. Klosk served as Vice President, Administration for The Genlyte Group, Inc., a publicly traded producer of lighting fixtures. Mr. Klosk earned a B.S. from Cornell University and a J.D. from New York Law School. We believe that Mr. Klosk is qualified to serve on the Caladrius Board of Directors based on his diversified management experience, particularly in the biopharmaceutical field.

Steven S. Myers. Mr. Myers joined the Caladrius Board of Directors in November 2006. He graduated from Stanford University with a B.S. in Mathematics. He is a four-time serial entrepreneur, an Ernst & Young “Entrepreneur of the Year” for Software and Information Services, and a recipient of the California Governor’s Special Recognition Award.

Mr. Myers is the founder, President and Director of his private equity investment company, Dolphin Capital Holdings, Inc., which invests in companies with innovative business strategies. Portfolio investments have

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included regenerative medicine, biotechnology, medical devices, applied materials development, alternative energy, distressed debt, and for-income real estate. He presently serves as a Director on the board of CEO International Inc., since November 2021. He also served as the Chairman of the LSI Business Development, Inc. board from January 2019 through August 2019. He previously served on the boards of Spikes Security, Inc., QuantumSphere, Inc., the Pacific Council of International Policy and the Bel Air Association. He has conducted business in a dozen countries in Europe and Asia.

An Administration policy advisor on Cyber Security, he served in 2012 on the Department of Homeland Security Task Force on Cyber Security Resources and briefed then-DHS Secretary Napolitano on the Task Force recommendations. He was appointed to three terms on the U.S. State Department Advisory Committee on International Economic Policy, which advises the Secretary of State on foreign policy issues. At the Pacific Council on International Policy he serves on the Board of Directors and is Chairman of its National Security Member Committee.

Mr. Myers founded SM&A, an Aerospace & Defense Industry management consulting firm that grew over a 25 year period to approximately $100 million in annual revenue and over 800 employees, spearheading industry-changing innovations in competing for and managing U.S. Government contracts. During his tenure the company managed more than $360 billion in major program competitions. After conducting a successful Nasdaq listed IPO in 1998 he served as Chairman and CEO of SM&A for another ten years. The company was sold to private equity in 2008.

An accomplished public speaker and author, Mr. Myers is a nationally recognized thought leader on business competitiveness and is a frequent guest lecturer on entrepreneurship at the USC Marshall School of Business. He is a two-time U.S. Air Force Veteran and a highly accomplished aviator. The Caladrius Board of Directors has concluded that Mr. Myers should continue serving as a Director based upon his technical background and diverse entrepreneurial and business expertise, including his having established and managed innovative enterprises (in the areas of proposal development for competitive procurements, aircraft leasing and private equity investment), together with his technical experience in the aerospace and defense sector.

Peter G. Traber, M.D. Dr. Traber joined the Caladrius Board of Directors in January 2015. He has extensive experience in medicine, science and the pharmaceutical industry. Since August 2020 he has served as Chief Medical Officer at Selectra Biosciences. Prior to that, from July 2018 to July 2020, he served as Partner to Alacrita Consulting. From March 2011 until June 2018, he was President and Chief Executive Officer of Galectin Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: GALT), where he served since 2010 as Chief Medical Officer and starting in 2009 as a member of its Board of Directors. Galectin is a publicly traded biotechnology company that is developing carbohydrate-based therapies for the treatment of fibrotic liver disease and cancer. Since 2008, he has been President Emeritus of Baylor College of Medicine, where he was Chief Executive Officer from 2003 to 2008. Dr. Traber also has extensive big pharma leadership experience, serving from 2000 to 2003 as Senior Vice President of clinical development and medical affairs and Chief Medical Officer of GlaxoSmithKline. He has also served as CEO of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, and as Chair of the Department of Internal Medicine and Chief of Gastroenterology for the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.

Dr. Traber has managed a molecular biology research laboratory and published more than 100 research articles, reviews, and book chapters. He received his M.D. from Wayne State School of Medicine, a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Michigan, and a certificate in medical leadership from Wharton Business School. We believe that Dr. Traber is qualified to serve on the Caladrius Board of Directors based on his diverse experience in healthcare, including his expertise in clinical trial design and product development, and his management experience.

Anne C. Whitaker. Ms. Whitaker became a member of the Caladrius Board of Directors in November 2020. Ms. Whitaker is a seasoned healthcare executive and director with more than 30 years of experience and a proven track record as an executive of building and leading high-performance teams. Ms. Whitaker currently serves as Managing Partner of Anne Whitaker Group, LLC, a board and private equity advisory firm, and is the current Chairperson of the Board of Aerami Therapeutics, a private life science company. Prior to taking the Chair role at Aerami, she served as the CEO from October 2018 to November 2020 and as a director from July 2018. She also serves as an independent director on the boards of three public companies including Faron Pharmaceuticals, a development stage pharma company; OraSure Technologies, a diagnostic company; and Mallinckrodt, a specialty pharmaceutical company. In addition to her board work, she is an active industry

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advisor to private equity and venture capital funds in the U.S. and Europe. Ms. Whitaker started her healthcare career with The Upjohn Company selling pharmaceuticals. She subsequently transitioned to GlaxoSmithKline PLC, where she spent 19 years and rose in the commercial ranks from a sales representative to become a Senior Vice President, Business Unit Head for the Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Urology franchises in 2009. She joined Sanofi SA in 2011 as the President of the North America Pharmaceutical Region. Anne served as the CEO and President of Synta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in 2014 and 2015. She joined Bausch Health as an Executive Vice President and Company Group Chairman for the Branded Pharmaceuticals segment in mid-2015. From February 2017 until April 2018, she served as the CEO and President of Novoclem Therapeutics, Inc.

Ms. Whitaker holds a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from the University of North Alabama. We believe that Ms. Whitaker is qualified to serve on the Caladrius Board of Directors based on her experience in the life science industry, including her senior leadership roles with large pharmaceutical, biotech and specialty pharma companies.

Board Composition

Director Independence

The current Caladrius Board of Directors consists of Dr. Brown, Dr. Davidson, Ms. Flowers, Mr. Klosk, Dr. Mazzo, Mr. Myers, Dr. Traber and Ms. Whitaker. The Caladrius Board of Directors has reviewed the materiality of any relationship that each of our directors has with Caladrius, either directly or indirectly. Based upon this review, the Caladrius Board of Directors has determined that Dr. Brown, Dr. Davidson, Ms. Flowers, Mr. Klosk, Mr. Myers, Dr. Traber and Ms. Whitaker are “independent directors” applying the definition of independence under the listing standards of Nasdaq.

Classified Board of Directors

In accordance with Caladrius’ amended and restated certificate of incorporation, the Caladrius Board of Directors is divided into three classes with staggered, three-year terms as set forth below. At each annual meeting of stockholders, the successors to directors whose terms then expire will be elected to serve from the time of election and qualification until the third annual meeting following election.

•	The Class I directors are Ms. Flowers, Dr. Traber and Ms. Whitaker, and their terms will expire at the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders;

•	The Class II directors are Dr. Brown and Dr. Mazzo, and their terms will expire at the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders; and

•	The Class III directors are Dr. Davidson, Mr. Klosk and Mr. Myers, and their terms will expire at the Annual Meeting.

The authorized number of directors may be changed only by resolution of the Caladrius Board of Directors. Any additional directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors will be distributed among the three classes so that, as nearly as possible, each class will consist of one-third of the directors. The division of the Caladrius Board of Directors into three classes with staggered three-year terms may delay or prevent a change of management or a change in control of Caladrius.

Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk Oversight

Dr. Brown serves as the Chairman of the Caladrius Board of Directors. When present, our Chairman presides over all Caladrius Board of Directors meetings. Dr. Brown coordinates with our President and Chief Executive Officer and Corporate Secretary to set the agenda for Caladrius Board of Directors meetings, chairs executive sessions of the independent directors, and performs any other duties assigned from time to time by the Caladrius Board of Directors. We believe that the separation of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer roles at Caladrius enhances good corporate governance principles through reduction of conflicts of interest and greater board independence.

The Caladrius Board of Directors oversees our risk management. This oversight is administered primarily through the following:

•	The Caladrius Board of Directors’ review and approval of our business plans and budget (prepared and presented to the Caladrius Board of Directors by the President and Chief Executive Officer and other management), including the projected opportunities and challenges facing our business;

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•	At least quarterly review of our business developments, business plan implementation and financial results;

•	Our Audit Committee’s oversight of our internal control over cybersecurity and financial reporting and its discussions with management and the independent accountants regarding the quality and adequacy of our internal controls and financial reporting; and

•	Our Compensation Committee’s review and approval of our executive officer compensation, executive and general compensation policies and its relationship to our business plans.

Board Committees

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee consists of four directors: Dr. Brown (Chairman), Ms. Flowers, Messrs. Klosk and Myers. Each member of the committee is independent applying the definition of independence under the listing standards of Nasdaq and SEC regulations. Dr. Brown, Ms. Flowers, Messrs. Klosk and Myers each qualify as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by Item 407(d)(5)(ii) of Regulation S-K.

Pursuant to the terms of the Audit Committee charter, the Audit Committee is required to consist of at least three of our “independent” directors and shall serve at the pleasure of the Caladrius Board of Directors. An “independent” director is defined as an individual who (a) is not our officer or salaried employee or an affiliate, (b) does not have any relationship that, in the opinion of the Caladrius Board of Directors, would interfere with his or her exercise of independent judgment as an Audit Committee member, (c) meets the independence requirements of the SEC and Nasdaq or such other securities exchange or market on which our securities are traded and (d) except as permitted by the SEC and Nasdaq or such other securities exchange or market on which our securities are traded, does not accept any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee from us. The Audit Committee’s charter requires the committee to oversee our accounting and financial reporting process, our system of internal controls regarding cybersecurity, finance, accounting, legal compliance and ethics, and the audits of our financial statements. A current copy of such charter is available to stockholders on our website, www.caladrius.com. The primary duties of the Audit Committee consist of, among other things:

•	serving as an independent and objective party to monitor our financial reporting process, internal control system, cybersecurity policy and disclosure control system;

•	reviewing and appraising the audit efforts of our independent accountants;

•	assuming direct responsibility for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the outside auditors and for the resolution of disputes between the outside auditors and our management regarding financial reporting issues;

•	providing an open avenue of communication among the independent accountants, financial and senior management and the Caladrius Board of Directors; and

•	reviewing and approving all related party transactions.

Compensation Committee

Our Compensation Committee consists of four directors: Mr. Klosk (Chairman), Dr. Brown, Mr. Myers and Ms. Whitaker. Each such member of the Compensation Committee is independent applying the definition of independence under the listing standards of Nasdaq.

Each member of our Compensation Committee must (i) be one of our independent directors satisfying the independence requirements of Nasdaq and other applicable regulatory requirements; (ii) qualify as an “outside director” under Section 162(m) of the Code and (iii) meet the requirements of a “non-employee director” for purposes of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Except as permitted by Nasdaq, members of the Compensation Committee must not accept any consulting, advisory or the other compensatory fee from us or any of our subsidiaries. In determining whether a director is eligible to serve on the Compensation Committee, the Caladrius Board of Directors must consider whether the director is affiliated with us, one of our subsidiaries or an affiliate of one of our subsidiaries to determine whether such affiliation would impair the director’s judgment as a member of the Compensation Committee.

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The Compensation Committee oversees the determination of all matters relating to employee compensation and benefits and specifically determines and approves salaries, bonuses and equity-based compensation for our executive officers.

We have adopted a Compensation Committee charter which outlines the Compensation Committee’s primary duties which are to:

•

evaluate the performance of the President and Chief Executive Officer considering, inter alia, achievement of committee-approved goals and objectives and determine and approve the President and Chief Executive Officer’s compensation based on this evaluation and such other factors as the Compensation Committee shall deem appropriate;

•	determine and approve all executive officer compensation;

•	approve the aggregate amounts and methodology for determination of all salary, bonus, and long-term incentive awards for all employees other than executive officers;

•	review and recommend equity-based compensation plans to the full Caladrius Board of Directors and approve all grants and awards thereunder;

•	review and approve changes to our equity-based compensation plans other than those changes that require stockholder approval under the plans, the requirements of Nasdaq or any exchange on which our securities may be listed and/or any applicable law;

•	review and recommend to the full Caladrius Board of Directors changes to our equity-based compensation plans that require stockholder approval under the plans, the requirements of Nasdaq or any exchange on which our securities may be listed and/or any applicable law;

•	review and approve changes in our retirement, health, welfare and other benefit programs that result in a material change in costs or the benefit levels provided;

•	administer our equity-based compensation plans; and

•	approve, as required by applicable law, the annual Compensation Committee report on executive compensation for inclusion in our proxy statement.

The Compensation Committee has the authority, in its sole discretion, to retain or obtain advice from compensation consultants, independent legal counsel and other advisers, and is directly responsible for the retention, termination, compensation and oversight of the work of any such consultant, counsel or other adviser. In selecting a consultant, counsel or other adviser, the Compensation Committee must, as required by Nasdaq rules, take into consideration all factors relevant to such person’s independence from management, including all factors that Nasdaq identifies in its listing standards.

Since March 2015, the Compensation Committee engaged the services of Radford/AON (“Radford”), a national executive compensation consulting firm, with expertise in the life science industry to review and provide recommendations concerning all of the components of Caladrius’ executive and director compensation program. Radford performs services solely on behalf of the Compensation Committee and has no relationship with the Company or management except as may relate to performing such services. Radford assisted the Compensation Committee in defining the appropriate market of the Company’s peer companies for executive compensation and practices and in benchmarking our executive compensation program against the peer group for 2021 and in years past compensation actions. Radford also assisted the Compensation Committee in benchmarking our director compensation program and practices against those of our peers. The Compensation Committee has assessed the independence of Radford pursuant to SEC rules and the corporate governance rules of Nasdaq and concluded that no conflict of interest exists that would prevent Radford from independently representing the Compensation Committee.

A current copy of the Compensation Committee charter is available to stockholders on our website, www.caladrius.com. The Compensation Committee may form and delegate its authority to subcommittees as appropriate. Additionally, the President and Chief Executive Officer may make recommendations to the Compensation Committee relating to executive and director compensation, but consistent with Nasdaq rules, he may not be present during deliberations or voting regarding his own compensation.

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Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

Our Nominating and Governance Committee consists of three directors: Mr. Myers (Chairman), Dr. Davidson and Dr. Traber. The Nominating and Governance Committee is empowered by the Caladrius Board of Directors to recommend to the Caladrius Board of Directors qualified individuals to serve on the Caladrius Board of Directors and to identify the manner in which the Nominating and Governance Committee evaluates nominees recommended for the Caladrius Board of Directors. All members of the Nominating and Governance Committee have been determined to be “independent directors” pursuant to the definition contained in the rules of Nasdaq and SEC regulations.

The Caladrius Board of Directors has adopted a Nominating and Governance Committee charter to govern the Nominating and Governance Committee, a current copy of which is available to stockholders on our website, www.caladrius.com.

Additional Board Committee:

The Caladrius Board of Directors also maintains the following additional committee:

Science and Technology Committee: The Science and Technology Committee consists of Drs. Davidson (Chairman), Brown, Traber, Mazzo, Azab, Ms. Flowers, Mr. Klosk and Ms. Whitaker. This committee is authorized to review the science, clinical and regulatory strategy underlying Caladrius’ research and development programs, as well as associated staffing and budgets. It also reviews the interactions of the research and development organization with healthcare providers and regulatory bodies.

Qualifications for Board Membership

The Nominating and Governance Committee Charter mandates that the Committee consider and recruit qualified candidates in consultation with the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and affords the Committee the flexibility to determine the desired qualifications, expertise and characteristics most suited to the needs of the Caladrius Board of Directors at any given time.

Diversity Considerations in Director Nominations

We do not have a formal diversity policy. Notwithstanding this, Caladrius is in compliance with current Nasdaq rules regarding board diversity. We believe the Caladrius Board of Directors represents a collection of individuals with a variety of complementary skills which, as a group, constitute the appropriate skills and experience to oversee Caladrius’ business. Our directors come from diverse backgrounds, including medicine, private equity, and management of pharmaceutical and healthcare-related companies. In accordance with the mission set out in its charter, our Nominating and Governance Committee considers a wide variety of qualifications, attributes and other factors and recognizes that a diversity of viewpoints and practical experiences can enhance the effectiveness of the Caladrius Board of Directors. As part of its evaluation of each candidate, our Nominating and Governance Committee takes into account how that candidate’s background, experience, qualifications, attributes and skills may complement, supplement or duplicate those of other directors or prospective candidates.

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The Board Diversity Matrix, below, provides the diversity statistics for the Caladrius Board of Directors.

Board Diversity Matrix for Caladrius As of July 26, 2022
Total Number of Directors	8
	Female	Male	Non-Binary	Did Not Disclose Gender
Part I: Gender Identity
Directors	2	6	—	—
Part II: Demographic Background
African American or Black	—	—	—	—
Alaskan Native or Native American	1	—	—	—
Asian	—	—	—	—
Hispanic or Latinx	—	—	—	—
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander	—	—	—	—
White	1	6	—	—
Two or More Races or Ethnicities	—	—	—	—
LGBTQ+	—
Did Not Disclose Demographic Background	—

Nominating and Governance Committee Procedures

The Caladrius Board of Directors generally believes that we are well-served by our current directors. In the ordinary course, absent special circumstances or a material change in the criteria for board membership, the Caladrius Board of Directors will re-nominate incumbent directors who continue to be qualified for board service and are willing to continue as directors. If an incumbent director is not standing for re-election or is not re-nominated if a vacancy on the Caladrius Board of Directors occurs between annual stockholder meetings or if the Caladrius Board of Directors believes it is in our best interests to expand its size, the Caladrius Board of Directors may seek out potential candidates for Caladrius Board of Directors appointment who meet the criteria for selection as a nominee and have the specific qualities or skills being sought. Nominees for director must be discussed by the full Caladrius Board of Directors and approved for nomination by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Caladrius Board of Directors, including the affirmative vote of a majority of the independent directors.

The Nominating and Governance Committee assists the Caladrius Board of Directors by identifying qualified candidates for director and recommends to the Caladrius Board of Directors the director nominees for the annual meeting of stockholders. The Caladrius Board of Directors will conduct a process of making a preliminary assessment of each proposed nominee based upon the nominee’s resume and biographical information, an indication of the individual’s willingness to serve and other background information. This information is evaluated against specific needs at that time. Based upon a preliminary assessment of the candidate(s), those who appear best suited to meet our needs may be invited to participate in a series of interviews, which are used as a further means of evaluating potential candidates. Based on information learned during this process, the Caladrius Board of Directors will determine which nominee(s) to include in the slate of candidates that the Caladrius Board of Directors recommends for election at each annual meeting of our stockholders.

Procedures for Considering Nominations Made by Stockholders

The procedures for stockholders submitting nominating recommendations described in our By-laws detail the procedures for nominations to be submitted by stockholders, other than candidates who have previously served on the Caladrius Board of Directors or who are recommended by the Caladrius Board of Directors. Our By-laws state that: “For any nomination or other business proposal to be properly brought before an Annual Meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (iii) of Article I, Section 1.10(A)(1) of these By-laws, the stockholder must (i) have given Timely Notice (as defined below) thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation, (ii) have provided any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by these By-laws and,

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(iii) together with the beneficial owner(s), if any, on whose behalf the nomination or other business proposal is made, have acted in accordance with the representations set forth in the Solicitation Statement (as defined below) required by these By-laws. To be timely, a stockholder’s written notice shall be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the one hundred and twentieth (120th) day nor earlier than the close of business on the one hundred fiftieth (150th) day prior to the one-year anniversary of the preceding year’s Annual Meeting date; provided that, in the event the Annual Meeting is first convened more than thirty (30) days before or more than sixty (60) days after the one-year anniversary of the preceding year’s Annual Meeting date, or if no Annual Meeting was held in the preceding year, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be received by the Secretary of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to the scheduled date of such Annual Meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made (such notice within such time periods shall be referred to as “Timely Notice”).”

There will be no differences in the manner in which the Caladrius Board of Directors evaluates nominees recommended by stockholders and nominees recommended by the Caladrius Board of Directors or management, except that no specific process shall be mandated with respect to the nomination of any individuals who have previously served on the Caladrius Board of Directors.

Stockholder Communications

The Caladrius Board of Directors has established a procedure that enables stockholders to communicate in writing with members of the Caladrius Board of Directors. Any such communication should be addressed to our Corporate Secretary and should be sent to such individual c/o Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., 110 Allen Road, Second Floor, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920. Any such communication must state, in a conspicuous manner, that it is intended for distribution to the entire Caladrius Board of Directors. Under the procedures established by the Caladrius Board, upon our Secretary’s receipt of such a communication, a copy of such communication will be sent to each member of the Caladrius Board of Directors, identifying it as a communication received from a stockholder. Absent unusual circumstances, at the next regularly scheduled meeting of the Caladrius Board of Directors held more than two days after such communication has been distributed, the Caladrius Board of Directors will consider the substance of any such communication.

Board and Committee Meeting Attendance

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Caladrius Board of Directors held four meetings, the Audit Committee held five meetings, the Compensation Committee held six meetings, the Nominating and Governance Committee held four meetings and the Science and Technology Committee held five meetings. The Caladrius Board of Directors took additional actions by written consent. Each director attended (or participated by telephone) in 100% of the total number of meetings of the Caladrius Board of Directors and committees on which he or she served, with the exception of one Audit meeting and one Nominating and Governance meeting at which one member was absent at each.

Director Attendance at Annual Stockholder Meetings

We do not have a formal policy regarding attendance by directors at our annual meetings of stockholders but invite and encourage all directors to attend. We make every effort to schedule our annual meeting of stockholders at a time and date to permit attendance by directors, taking into account the directors’ schedules and the timing requirements of applicable law. During the COVID-19 pandemic we implemented a virtual meeting format for the protection of our shareholders, directors and management. All incumbent board members attended Caladrius’ virtual annual meeting in 2021.

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires Caladrius’ directors, certain officers of Caladrius, and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of a registered class of Caladrius’ equity securities, to file initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership with the SEC. These persons are required by the SEC to furnish Caladrius with copies of all Section 16(a) reports that they file.

Based solely on a review of Forms 3 and 4 and amendments thereto furnished to Caladrius during 2021, filed by our officers, directors, and any person whom we understand to own more than 10% of our common stock, all

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Section 16(a) filings were timely filed to our knowledge, with the exception of the filing on November 8, 2021 of a Form 3 filed by Todd Girolamo, which should have been filed by June 25, 2021. This Form 3 covered zero transactions.

Code of Ethics

We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees, except to our Chief Executive Officer, principal financial officer, and any principal accounting officer, controller, or persons performing similar functions, who are subject to a separate code of ethics. Both codes of ethics are available on our website, www.caladrius.com.

Director Compensation

Directors who are employees of Caladrius or its subsidiaries do not receive additional cash compensation for serving as directors. Caladrius’ non-employee directors are reimbursed for out-of-pocket travel expenses incurred in their capacity as Caladrius directors. Pursuant to the Plan, all directors (including independent directors) are eligible to receive equity awards.

The following table sets forth information on all compensation to Caladrius’ directors (other than as reflected in the Summary Compensation Table) for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Name	Fees Earned or Paid in Cash	Stock Awards⁽¹⁾	Option Awards⁽¹⁾	Total Compensation
Gregory B. Brown, M.D.⁽²⁾	$98,500	$59,999	$—	$158,499
Michael H. Davidson, M.D.⁽³⁾	$53,500	$59,999	$—	$113,499
Cynthia L. Flowers⁽⁴⁾	$52,500	$59,999	$—	$112,499
Steven M. Klosk⁽⁵⁾	$64,500	$59,999	$—	$124,499
Steven S. Myers⁽⁶⁾	$63,000	$59,999	$—	$122,999
Peter G. Traber, M.D.⁽⁷⁾	$49,000	$59,999	$—	$108,999
Anne Whitaker⁽⁸⁾	$50,500	$59,999	$—	$110,499
Total	$431,500	$419,993	$—	$851,493

(1)

Amounts shown under “Stock Awards”, “Restricted Stock Unit Awards” and “Option Awards” represent the aggregate grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, in accordance with SEC rules. See Note 10 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2021 Form 10-K for a discussion of assumptions made in such valuations. All stock awards, option awards and other shares discussed in this table were issued under Caladrius’ Plan, with a per share price generally equal to the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of grant.

(2)	On January 11, 2021, Dr. Brown was granted 37,735 shares of restricted stock unit awards, none of which are vested.

(3)	On January 11, 2021, Dr. Davidson was granted 37,735 shares of restricted stock unit awards, none of which are vested.

(4)	On January 11, 2021, Ms. Flowers was granted 37,735 shares of restricted stock unit awards, none of which are vested.

(5)	On January 11, 2021, Mr. Klosk was granted 37,735 shares of restricted stock unit awards, none of which are vested.

(6)	On January 11, 2021, Mr. Myers was granted 37,735 shares of restricted stock unit awards, none of which are vested.

(7)	On January 11, 2021, Dr. Traber was granted 37,735 shares of restricted stock unit awards, none of which are vested.

(8)	On January 11, 2021, Ms. Whitaker was granted 37,735 shares of restricted stock unit awards, none of which are vested.

The Caladrius Board of Directors’ Compensation Plan (the “Directors’ Compensation Plan”), which is only applicable to our non-employee directors, provides the following:

•	an annual cash retainer for each non-employee director of $40,000;

•	an additional annual cash compensation retainer of $30,000 for the non-executive chair;

•	an annual cash retainer for serving as chairperson of a committee as follows: Audit ($18,000); Compensation ($12,000); Nominating and Governance ($9,000); Science and Technology ($9,000);

•	an annual cash retainer for serving as a member of a committee as follows: Audit ($8,000); Compensation ($6,000); Nominating and Governance ($4,500); and Science and Technology ($4,500);

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•

•	an annual equity grant on the second Monday in January a grant of restricted stock units with a value of $60,000, vesting at one year from the grant date.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

During 2021, Mr. Klosk, Dr. Brown, Mr. Myers and Ms. Whitaker served as members of Caladrius’ compensation committee. During 2021, none of the members of the compensation committee had at any time been one of Caladrius’ officers or employees. None of Caladrius’ executive officers currently serve, or in the past year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers on the Caladrius Board of Directors or compensation committee.

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REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

The material in this report is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed “filed” with the SEC, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Caladrius under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

The primary purpose of the audit committee is to oversee Caladrius’ financial reporting processes on behalf of the Caladrius Board of Directors. The audit committee’s functions are more fully described in its charter, which is available on the Caladrius website at https://ir.caladrius.com/corporate-governance/governance-overview.

In fulfilling its oversight responsibilities, the audit committee reviewed and discussed with management Caladrius’ audited financial statements for the calendar year ended December 31, 2021. The audit committee has discussed with Grant Thornton LLP (“GT”), Caladrius’ independent registered public accounting firm, the matters required to be discussed by Auditing Standard No. 16, “Communications with Audit Committees,” issued by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”). In addition, the audit committee has discussed with GT their independence, and received from GT the written disclosures and the letter required by Ethics and Independence Rule 3526 of the PCAOB. Finally, the audit committee discussed with GT, with and without management present, the scope and results of GT’s audit of the financial statements for the calendar year ended December 31, 2021.

Based on these reviews and discussions, the audit committee recommended to the Caladrius Board of Directors that such audited financial statements be included in Caladrius’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for filing with the SEC.

Audit Committee

Gregory B. Brown, M.D.

Cynthia L. Flowers

Steven M. Klosk

Steven S. Myers

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CALADRIUS EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The following is a discussion and analysis of compensation arrangements of Caladrius’ named executive officers.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth the total compensation paid or accrued during the last two fiscal years with respect to (i) our President and Chief Executive Officer, (ii) our two other most highly compensated executive officers, who each earned more than $100,000 during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, and were serving as executive officers as of such date.

Name and Principal Position	Year	Salary	Bonus	Stock Awards⁽¹⁾	Option Awards⁽¹⁾	All Other Compensation	Total Compensation
David J. Mazzo, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer	2021	$631,495	$295,942	$313,230⁽²⁾	$64,298	$30,250⁽³⁾	$1,335,216
	2020	$613,102	$329,576	$235,783⁽⁴⁾	$149,190	$30,250⁽⁵⁾	$1,357,901
Kristen K. Buck, M.D., Executive Vice President R&D and Chief Medical Officer⁽¹⁰⁾	2021	$183,333	$275,000	$400,000	$1,000,000	$—	$1,858,333
	2020	$—	$—	$—	$—	$—	$—
Todd Girolamo, Former Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary⁽¹¹⁾	2021	$359,801	$130,427	$84,270⁽⁶⁾	$19,289	$8,250⁽⁷⁾	$602,037
	2020	$333,373	$114,771	$103,683⁽⁸⁾	$95,120	$8,250⁽⁹⁾	$655,197

(1)

Amounts shown under “Stock Awards” and “Option Awards” represent the aggregate grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, in accordance with SEC rules. See Note 10 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2021 Form 10-K, for a discussion of assumptions made in such valuations. All stock awards, option awards and other shares discussed in this table were issued under the Plan, with a per share price generally equal to the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of grant.

(2)

Includes the grant of performance stock units valued at $124,020, which is also the maximum potential value at the time of the grant. The performance criteria was met in 2021 for half of the performance stock units, and as a result, half of the performance stock units valued at $62,010 were canceled in 2021.

(3)	Consisted of (i) a car allowance of $12,000, (ii) $8,250 of Company 401(k) match, and (iii) a life and disability insurance allowance of $10,000.

(4)	Includes the grant of performance stock units valued at $84,903, which is also the maximum potential value at the time of the grant. The performance criteria was not met in 2020, and as a result, the performance stock units were canceled in 2020.

(5)	Consisted of (i) a car allowance of $12,000, (ii) $8,250 of Company 401(k) match, and (iii) a life and disability insurance allowance of $10,000.

(6)

Includes the grant of performance stock units valued at $28,620, which is also the maximum potential value at the time of the grant. The performance criteria was met in 2021 for half of the performance stock units, and as a result, half of the performance stock units valued at $14,310 were canceled in 2021.

(7)	Consisted of $8,250 of Company 401(k) match.

(8)	Includes the grant of performance stock units valued at $41,363, which is also the maximum potential value at the time of the grant. The performance criteria was not met in 2020, and as a result, the performance stock units were canceled in 2020.

(9)	Consisted of $8,250 of Company 401(k) match.

(10)	Dr. Buck joined the Company in September 2021 and her salary represents an annual amount prorated for time in position in 2021. The bonus was part of her recruitment package.

(11)	Mr. Girolamo resigned from the Company in March 2022.

Caladrius Employment Agreements and Equity Grants

Employment Agreements and Other Arrangements with Executive Officers

This section contains a description of the employment agreements and certain other arrangements that Caladrius has or had during the years ended December 31, 2019 through March 2022, with the named executive officers listed in the Summary Compensation Table. All descriptions are qualified in their entirety by reference to such agreements. The descriptions to follow provide further information about the compensation that is shown in the Summary Compensation Table and the Grants of Plan Based Awards Table for the respective officers. They also give you information about payments that could be received by these officers under certain circumstances at such time as their employment with Caladrius ends, for example, certain severance arrangements.

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David J. Mazzo, Ph.D. - President and Chief Executive Officer

In connection with his appointment as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Mazzo and the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated and effective as of March 19, 2021, (the “Mazzo Agreement”). The Mazzo Agreement amends and restates the initial employment agreement entered into between the Company and Dr. Mazzo on January 5, 2015, as amended on January 16, 2015, July 25, 2016, September 18, 2017 and December 6, 2018, setting forth the terms and conditions of Dr. Mazzo’s employment with the Company. Under the terms of the Mazzo Agreement, Dr. Mazzo received an annual base salary of $633,032 for 2021 (the “Mazzo Base Salary”) which subsequently adjustable based on the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Caladrius Board of Directors. The Mazzo Agreement has an initial term expiring on December 31, 2022, which shall be automatically extended for additional one-year periods, unless Dr. Mazzo is provided written notice by the Company no later than ninety (90) days prior to the expiration of the initial term. The Mazzo Agreement also provides Dr. Mazzo with the option to terminate his employment with the Company if: (i) the Company relocates Dr. Mazzo’s principal place of employment, without Dr. Mazzo’s consent, in a manner than lengthens his one-way commute distance by fifty (50) miles or more, and/or (ii) if Dr. Mazzo provides the Company with thirty (30) days’ prior written notice.

The Mazzo Agreement provides Dr. Mazzo with certain benefits, including but not limited to: (i) twenty-nine (29) days paid time off, (ii) severance payments and Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (“COBRA”) medical and dental insurance for fifteen (15) months following a termination of his employment with the Company, and (iii) bonus payments equal to 125% of his target bonus (which is 55% of the Mazzo Base Salary), without proration, upon termination of his employment with the Company. The Mazzo Agreement is also governed by New Jersey law, to remain consistent with the Company’s principal place of business.

Effective September 18, 2017, the Caladrius Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Mazzo Agreement, which provides that upon the occurrence of the events in connection with a Change of Control (as described in the amendment), Dr. Mazzo shall instead receive (i) payment of his salary as then in effect through the eighteen-month anniversary of the termination date of the Mazzo Agreement and (ii) a lump sum payment equal to 1.5 times his target bonus as then in effect. The Amendment also provides for the continuation of Dr. Mazzo’s benefits for a period of eighteen months from the termination date, instead of the fifteen month period previously provided for in the Mazzo Agreement.

Kristen K. Buck, M.D. - Executive Vice President R&D and Chief Medical Officer

In connection with her appointment as Executive Vice President, R&D and Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Buck and the Company entered into an Employment Agreement dated and effective as of July 26, 2021 (the “Buck Agreement”), setting forth the terms and conditions of Dr. Buck’s employment with the Company. Under the terms of the Buck Agreement, Dr. Buck received an annual base salary of $550,000 for 2021 (“Base Salary”) which is subsequently adjustable based on the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Caladrius Board of Directors. The Buck Agreement has an initial term expiring on September 1, 2024, which shall be automatically extended for additional one-year periods unless Dr. Buck is provided written notice by the Company no later than ninety (90) days prior to the expiration of the initial term. In connection with her hire, Dr. Buck was granted options to purchase $1,000,000 of common stock and restricted stock awards with a value of $400,000, both of which vest in three equal annual installments starting on September 1, 2021 in addition to annual bonus set at 50% of her Base Salary.

The Buck Agreement provides Dr. Buck with certain benefits, including but not limited to: (i) twenty-nine (29) days paid time off, (ii) severance payments and COBRA medical and dental insurance for twelve (12) months following a termination of her employment with the Company without Cause or for Good Reason (each as defined in the Buck Agreement), and (iii) bonus payments equal to 100% of her target bonus (which is 50% of her Base Salary) prorated for the number of days employed in the calendar year upon termination of her employment with the Company and provide that the time period for the exercise of option equity awards shall be extended for a period equal to the shorter of one year following the termination date or the remaining term of the award. The Buck Agreement is also governed by New Jersey law, to remain consistent with the Company’s principal place of business.

The Buck Agreement provides that upon the occurrence of the events in connection with a Change of Control (as described in the agreement), Dr. Buck shall instead receive (i) payment of her salary as then in effect through the fifteenth-month anniversary of the termination date of the Buck Agreement and (ii) a lump sum payment equal to

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125% of her target bonus as then in effect. The amendment also provides for the continuation of Dr. Buck’s benefits for a period of fifteen months from the termination date, the vesting of all outstanding unvested time-based equity awards and provide that the time period for the exercise of option equity awards shall be extended for a period equal to the shorter of one year following the termination date or the remaining term of the award.

Todd C. Girolamo, J.D., M.B.A. - Former Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary

Mr. Girolamo and the Company entered into a Change of Control Agreement (the “Girolamo Agreement”) dated and effective as of July 25, 2016. The Girolamo Agreement provides that upon the occurrence of the events in connection with a Change of Control (as described in the agreement), Mr. Girolamo shall instead receive (i) payment of his salary as then in effect through the twelve-month anniversary of the termination date of the Girolamo Agreement and (ii) a lump sum payment equal to 100% of his target bonus as then in effect, and (iii) the continuation of his benefits for a period of twelve months from the termination date.

Indemnification Agreements

We enter into indemnification agreements with each of our executive officers and each of our directors from time to time pursuant to which we have agreed to indemnify such party to the full extent permitted by law, subject to certain exceptions, if such party becomes subject to an action because such party is our director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary.

Acceleration of Vesting Under Equity Compensation Plans

Generally, in the event of a Change in Control of Caladrius (as defined in the 2009 Plan, the 2015 Plan and the Plan) and either (i) the failure of Caladrius’ successor to assume a participant’s awards or (ii) such assumption of awards is followed by the participant’s termination without cause on or within the one-year period following the Change in Control, (a) all outstanding options and stock appreciation rights of each participant granted prior to the change in control shall be fully vested and immediately exercisable in their entirety, and (b) all unvested stock awards, restricted stock units, restricted stock, performance-based awards, and other awards shall become fully vested, including without limitation, the following: (i) the restrictions to which any shares of restricted stock granted prior to the change in control are subject shall lapse as if the applicable restriction period had ended upon such change in control, and (ii) the conditions required for vesting of any unvested performance-based awards shall be deemed to be satisfied upon such change in control.

Termination or Change in Control Payments

The following table sets forth aggregate estimated payment obligations to each of the named executive officers assuming a termination occurred on December 31, 2021 under the circumstances specified below:

Name	Benefit	Before Change in Control Termination w/o Cause or for Good Reason ($)	After Change in Control Termination w/o Cause or for Good Reason ($)	Voluntary Termination ($)
David J. Mazzo	Severance	1,226,500	1,471,799	—
	Health Benefits	43,473	52,168	—
	Equity Award Acceleration	—	104,160	—
	Total	1,269,973	1,628,127	—
Kristen Buck	Severance	825,000	1,031,250	—
	Health Benefits	17,652	22,064	—
	Equity Award Acceleration	—	175,875	—
	Total	842,652	1,229,189	—
Todd Girolamo	Severance	—	514,360	—
	Health Benefits	—	44,595	—
	Equity Award Acceleration	—	33,390	—
	Total	—	592,345	—

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OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END

The following table sets forth information on option awards outstanding at December 31, 2021 for Caladrius’ named executive officers.

Name	Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable	Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable	Option Exercise Price**	Option Expiration Date	Number of shares or units of stock that have not vested (#)	Market value of shares or units of stock that have not vested $(***)
David J. Mazzo, Ph.D.	40,000⁽¹⁾	—	$35.00	1/5/2025
	35,000⁽²⁾	—	$6.30	1/25/2026
	50,919⁽³⁾	—	$4.77	9/29/2026
	50,000⁽⁴⁾	—	$3.54	1/9/2027
	50,000⁽⁵⁾	—	$3.79	1/8/2028
	53,250⁽⁶⁾	17,750⁽⁶⁾	$4.95	1/14/2029
	34,500⁽⁷⁾	34,500⁽⁷⁾	$3.28	1/13/2030
	15,000⁽⁸⁾	45,000⁽⁸⁾	$1.59	1/11/2031
					124,000	$104,160
Kristen Buck	375,511⁽⁹⁾	762,404⁽⁹⁾	$1.28	9/1/2031
Kristen Buck					209,375	$175,875
Todd Girolamo	750⁽¹⁰⁾	—	$52.00	1/4/2022
	1,251⁽¹¹⁾	—	$62.00	1/2/2023
	2,500⁽¹²⁾	—	$77.70	1/2/2024
	2,500⁽¹³⁾	—	$62.10	8/1/2024
	2,752⁽¹⁴⁾	—	$38.70	2/17/2025
	2,000⁽¹⁵⁾	—	$22.60	6/2/2025
	5,000⁽¹⁶⁾	—	$6.30	1/25/2026
	12,103⁽¹⁷⁾	—	$4.77	9/29/2026
	15,000⁽¹⁸⁾	—	$3.54	1/9/2027
	20,000⁽¹⁹⁾	—	$3.79	1/8/2028
	18,000⁽²⁰⁾	6,000⁽²⁰⁾	$4.95	1/14/2029
	14,500⁽²¹⁾	14,500⁽²¹⁾	$3.28	1/13/2030
	4,500⁽²²⁾	13,500⁽²²⁾	$1.59	1/11/2031
					39,750	$33,390

**	All option awards were made under and are governed by the terms of the Company’s 2003 Equity Participation Plan, the 2009 Plan, the 2015 Plan or the Plan.

***	Calculated by multiplying the closing market price of Caladrius Common Stock on December 31, 2021 by the number of shares of restricted stock held by the applicable Named Executive Officer.

(1)	Consists of options granted to Dr. Mazzo pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement dated as of January 5, 2015 and amended on January 16, 2015.

(2)	Consists of options granted to Dr. Mazzo by the Compensation Committee on January 25, 2016.

(3)	Consists of options granted to Dr. Mazzo by the Compensation Committee on September 29, 2016.

(4)	Consists of options granted to Dr. Mazzo by the Compensation Committee on January 9, 2017.

(5)	Consists of options granted to Dr. Mazzo by the Compensation Committee on January 8, 2018.

(6)	Consists of options granted to Dr. Mazzo by the Compensation Committee on January 14, 2019.

(7)	Consists of options granted to Dr. Mazzo by the Compensation Committee on January 13, 2020.

(8)	Consists of options granted to Dr. Mazzo by the Compensation Committee on January 11, 2021.

(9)	Consists of options granted to Dr. Buck by the Compensation Committee on July 27, 2021.

(10)	Consists of options granted to Mr. Girolamo by the Compensation Committee on January 4, 2012.

(11)	Consists of options granted to Mr. Girolamo by the Compensation Committee on January 2, 2013.

(12)	Consists of options granted to Mr. Girolamo by the Compensation Committee on January 2, 2014.

(13)	Consists of options granted to Mr. Girolamo effective on August 1, 2014, all of which are vested.

(14)	Consists of options granted to Mr. Girolamo by the Compensation Committee on February 17, 2015.

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(15)	Consists of options granted to Mr. Girolamo by the Compensation Committee on June 2, 2015.

(16)	Consists of options granted to Mr. Girolamo by the Compensation Committee on January 25, 2016.

(17)	Consists of options granted to Mr. Girolamo by the Compensation Committee on September 29, 2016.

(18)	Consists of options granted to Mr. Girolamo by the Compensation Committee on January 9, 2017.

(19)	Consists of options granted to Mr. Girolamo by the Compensation Committee on January 8, 2018.

(20)	Consists of options granted to Mr. Girolamo by the Compensation Committee on January 14, 2019.

(21)	Consists of options granted to Mr. Girolamo by the Compensation Committee on January 13, 2020.

(22)	Consists of options granted to Mr. Girolamo by the Compensation Committee on January 11, 2021.

Pension Benefits

We do not have any qualified or non-qualified defined benefit plans.

Non-qualified Deferred Compensation

We do not have any non-qualified defined contribution plans or other deferred compensation plans.

Incentive Compensation Recoupment Policy

On December 5, 2017, the Company adopted an Incentive Compensation Recoupment Policy (the “Policy”) that applies to an employee of the Company who is serving as an “officer” within the meaning of Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act.

The Compensation Committee of the Caladrius Board of Directors may seek recoupment of any payment deemed recoverable under the Policy (a “Recoverable Payment”), when in its judgment, after reviewing relevant facts and circumstances, it determines that: (a) an executive (i) engaged in serious misconduct, or (ii) failed to supervise a subordinate employee who engaged in serious misconduct which the executive knew, or was reckless in not knowing, was occurring, and (b) such misconduct resulted in a material violation of law or a written Company policy that caused significant financial or reputational harm to the Company. As used in this Policy, “serious misconduct” may be only found to have occurred where an executive or a supervised employee acted knowingly, intentionally, or recklessly in violating a law or written Company policy. For the avoidance of doubt, an executive’s business judgment made in good faith and in the reasonable belief that such judgments and related actions were in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company shall not subject the executive’s Incentive Compensation to recoupment.

“Incentive Compensation” means (i) any equity or equity-based award granted on or after the effective date of the Policy, and (ii) any cash-based performance or incentive award (i.e., bonus or cash incentive plan payment, including any amounts deferred with respect thereto) made to an executive with respect to the Company’s 2019 fiscal year or any subsequent fiscal year.

The determination by the Compensation Committee whether and the extent to which to seek recoupment may be influenced by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, (i) the elements of the compensation received by the executive, (ii) retention, promotion, or succession planning considerations, (iii) pay equity factors, (iv) whether the underlying conduct was an isolated occurrence, (v) feasibility and cost of implementation, (vi) legal and compliance factors, (vii) whether other disciplinary actions have been taken against the executive, and (viii) the objective of administering the Policy in a way that does not discourage settlement of disputes when settlements are in the best long-term interests of the Company and its stockholders.

Based on the facts and circumstances, the Compensation Committee may decide on the appropriate recoupment method, including whether to seek recoupment of Recoverable Payments already paid or otherwise seek recoupment (totally or partially) of Recoverable Payments that have not vested or have not been paid. However, the Compensation Committee may not seek recoupment of any Recoverable Payments (a) following a change in control (as defined in the executive’s employment agreement) or (b) that were awarded more than three years prior to the first event giving rise to the recoupment. This Policy shall operate prospectively from the effective date of the Policy and shall be construed so as not to violate any legally binding commitment of the Company arising prior to the effective date of the Policy. Recoupment determinations pursuant to this Policy shall only be made to the extent permitted by law, and this Policy shall be interpreted so as not to violate any law or regulation.

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CEND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Cend’s named executive officers, consisting of its principal executive officer and the next two highly compensated executive offers, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 were:

Name			Title
David Slack, MBA			President & Chief Executive Officer
Harri Järveläinen			Chief Operating Officer
Andy Dorr			Chief Medical Officer

Summary Compensation Table

Name and Principal Position	Year	Salary	Bonus⁽¹⁾	Option Awards⁽²⁾	All other Compensation	Total
Named Executive Officers and Directors
David Slack MBA President and Chief Executive Officer	2021	$429,609⁽⁵⁾	$61,708	—	—	$491,317
David Slack MBA President and Chief Executive Officer	2020	$176,309		$542,692		$719,001
Harri Järveläinen Chief Operating Officer	2021	$336,818	$162,958	—	10,000⁽³⁾	$509,776
Harri Järveläinen Chief Operating Officer	2020	$223,959⁽⁶⁾	—	$47,503	8,000⁽⁴⁾	$279,462
F. Andrew Dorr Chief Medical Officer	2021	$133,200	—	$101,918		$235,118
F. Andrew Dorr Chief Medical Officer	2020	—	—		—	—

(1)	Amounts reflect discretionary bonuses for all named executive officers.

(2)

The amounts in this column represent the aggregate grant-date fair value of stock option granted to each named executive officer, computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. See Note 9 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2021 Form 10-K for a discussion of assumptions made in such valuations.

(3)	Reflects the amount contributed to Mr. Jarvelainen’s 401(k) retirement account.

(4)	Reflects the amount contributed to Mr. Jarvelainen’s 401(k) retirement account.

(5)	This amount includes (i) $91,827 paid to Mr. Slack for his services as a Director, as an independent contractor, from January 1, 2021 to March 28, 2021 and (ii) 337,782 after he was hired as Cend’s President and Chief Executive Officer.

(6)

This amount includes (i) $66,666 ($33,333 per month) paid pursuant to for services provided as an independent contractor on a temporary basis prior to entering into the Cend USA Employment Agreement (as defined below), (ii) $125,333 paid pursuant to the Cend USA Employment Agreement, and (iii) $31,960 paid pursuant to the Cend Australia Employment Agreement (as defined below).

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Outstanding equity awards as of December 31, 2021

The following table sets forth certain information about outstanding equity awards granted to Cend’s named executive officers that remain outstanding as of December 31, 2021.

F. Andrew Dorr

12/15/2021

44,000⁽²⁾

27,500

3.82

12/15/2031

David Slack MBA

12/03/2019

20,000⁽³⁾

—

2.25

12/03/2029

12/29/2020

457,500⁽⁴⁾

285,938

1.92

12/29/2030

Harri Järveläinen

10/20/2017

189,604⁽⁵⁾

—

0.9993

10/20/2027

10/20/2017

134,414⁽⁶⁾

—

0.9993

10/20/2027

04/08/2019

250,000⁽⁷⁾

—

2.25

04/08/2029

12/30/2020

40,000⁽⁸⁾

5,000

1.92

12/30/2030

(1)	All of the option awards listed in the table above were granted under the 2016 Plan the terms of which are described below under “—Equity incentive plans.”

(2)

Twelve and one-half percent (12.5%) of the shares underlying the Cend Options (the “Option Shares”) will be vested and exercisable upon the last day of each three-month period following March 11, 2021, such that 100% of the Option Shares will be vested and exercisable upon the second (2^th) anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date; provided, however, that there has not been a Termination of Service (as defined in the Plan), as of each such date. In no event will the Option become exercisable for any additional Option Shares after a Termination of Service.

(3)	Twenty-five percent (25%) of the Option Shares vested on the last day of each three-month period following the Vesting Commencement Date which was October 1, 2019 such that all of the Option Shares were vested on the one-year anniversary of the vesting commencement date.

(4)

Twenty-five percent (25%) of the Option Shares shall vest and become exercisable upon the one (1) year anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date which was June 4, 2020; and (iii) the remaining Option Shares will vest and become exercisable in a series of thirty-six (36) successive equal monthly installments, rounded downward to the nearest whole share, measured from the first (1st) anniversary of the vesting commencement date, such that 100% of the Option Shares will be vested and exercisable upon the fourth (4th) anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date; provided, however, that there has not been a Termination of Service, as of each such date. In no event will the Option become exercisable for any additional Option Shares after a Termination of Service. However, in the event of an Involuntary Termination (defined in the 2016 Plan, as amended) which results in Optionee’s Termination of Service, within twelve (12) months following a Change in Control (as defined in the 2016 Plan, as amended), the vesting of this Option, the new option or other similar incentives replacing this Option, as applicable, shall accelerate in full automatically effective upon such Involuntary Termination.

(5)

Thirty-three percent (33%) of the Option Shares will be vested and exercisable upon the six (6) month, twelve (12) month, and eighteen (18) month anniversaries of the Vesting Commencement Date which is July 15, 2017, such that 100% of the Option Shares will be vested and exercisable upon the eighteenth (18th) month anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date; provided, however, that there has not been a Termination of Service (as defined in the Plan), as of each such date. In no event will the Option become exercisable for any additional Option Shares after a Termination of Service. In the event of a Change in Control of the Company, the vesting of the Option shall accelerate, with respect to 100% of the Option Shares and such Option Shares shall immediately become fully exercisable, provided that there has not been a Termination of Service as of the time of the consummation of such Change in Control.

(6)

Thirty-three percent (33%) of the Option Shares will be vested and exercisable upon the Company having a U.S. (or comparable country) IND application granted; (iii) thirty-three percent (33%) of the Option Shares will be vested and exercisable upon the Company initiating a Phase I clinical trial; and (iv) thirty-three percent (33%) of the Option Shares became vested and exercisable upon the Company completing a Phase I clinical trial; provided, however, that there has not been a Termination of Service (as defined in the Plan), as of each such date. In no event will the Option become exercisable for any additional Option Shares after a Termination of Service. In the event of a Change in Control of the Company, the vesting of the Option shall accelerate, with respect to 100% of the Option Shares and such Option Shares shall immediately become fully exercisable, provided that there has not been a Termination of Service as of the time of the consummation of such Change in Control. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement, all options have vested.

(7)

Twelve and one-half percent (12.5%) of the Option Shares shall vest and become exercisable on the last day of each three-month period following the Vesting Commencement Date which January 16, 2019 such that all of the Option Shares shall be vested on the two (2) year anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date; provided, however, that there has not been a Termination of Service (as defined in the 2016 Plan), as of each such date. In no event will the Option become exercisable for any additional Option Shares after a Termination of Service. In the event of a Change in Control of the Company, the vesting of the Option shall accelerate with respect to 100% of the Option Shares and such Option Shares shall immediately become fully exercisable, provided there has not been a Termination of Service as of the consummation of such Change in Control.

(8)

Twelve and one-half percent (12.5%) of the Option Shares will be vested and exercisable upon the last day of each three-month period following the Vesting Commencement Date which was January 17, 2020, such that 100% of the Option Shares will be vested and exercisable upon the second anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date; provided, however, that there has not been a Termination of Service (as defined in the Plan) as of each such date. In no event will the Option become exercisable for any additional Option Shares after a Termination of Service.

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See “—Potential payments upon termination or change of control” for a description of vesting acceleration applicable to stock options held by Cend’s named executive officers. Cend may in the future, on an annual basis or otherwise, grant additional equity awards to Cend’s executive officers pursuant to its 2016 Plan, the terms of which are described below under “—Equity incentive plans.”

Nonqualified deferred compensation

None of Cend’s named executive officers for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 participated in or have account balances in nonqualified defined contribution plans or other nonqualified deferred compensation plans maintained by Cend. The Cend Board of Directors may elect to provide Cend’s officers and other employees with nonqualified defined contribution or other nonqualified deferred compensation benefits in the future if it determines that doing so is in Cend’s best interests.

Pension Benefits

Cend does not have any qualified or non-qualified defined benefit plans.

Employment arrangements

Below is a description of Cend’s employment arrangements with each of Cend’s named executive officers for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

David Slack, MBA. Cend entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Slack on March 29, 2021 (“Slack Employment Agreement”) setting forth the terms of his employment. Mr. Slack was entitled to annual base salary of $444,000 and is eligible to receive an annual performance bonus equivalent to 35% of his then current annual salary, provided he meets the annual bonus target performance expectations approved by the Cend Board of Directors, less applicable withholdings, with any such bonus to be determined at the sole discretion of the Cend Board of Directors. The term of the Slack Employment Agreement is 4 years and continues until terminated by either party, and requires 60 days notice. It also provides for certain severance benefits, the terms of which are described below under “—Potential payments upon termination or change of control.”

Dr. Harri Järveläinen. Dr. Jarvelainen has entered into two different employment agreements. One employment agreement was entered into with DrugCendR Australia Pty Ltd., dated July 18, 2020 (“Cend Australia Employment Agreement”), appointing Dr. Jarvelainen as President; his services commenced October 1, 2020, contingent upon the happening of certain events as described therein. Dr. Jarvelainen was entitled to an annual salary of AUS$284,200, an allowance of AUS$650 per month for health insurance, superannuation contributions of nine percent (9%) of Dr. Jarvelainen’s salary, which were contributed by DrugCendR Australia Pty Ltd. into the superannuation fund, as nominated by Dr. Jarvelainen, and those additional benefits as provided by the National Employment Standards (“NSE”) and further described therein. The term of the Cend Australia Employment Agreement was one year, and was set to expire on October 1, 2021, unless otherwise extended with a contract amendment or terminated. Subject to the requirements as provided by the NSE, termination may occur either by: (1) termination based on the specified grounds as described in the initial Cend Australia Employment Agreement whereby the employer shall provide three (3) months’ notice or pay in lieu of notice; (2) termination in the event of serious misconduct without notice or pay; or (3) Dr. Jarvelainen providing his voluntary resignation with at least one months’ notice. On January 22, 2021 the Cend Australia Employment Agreement was amended to increase the rate to AUD$378,933 per year effective January 1, 2021. On March 3, 2021, the Cend Australia Employment Agreement was amended to increase the rate to AUD$473,667. On September 8, 2021, the Cend Australia Employment Agreement was amended to extend the term of Dr. Jarvelainen’s employment through December 31, 2022 and increase the allowance for health insurance to AUS$251 per week (the “Third Australia Amendment”). All other terms of the Cend Australia Employment Agreement remain in place.

On October 1, 2018, Dr. Jarvelainen entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Cend (“Cend USA Employment Agreement”).

On April 1, 2021 Dr. Jarvelainen entered into the First Amendment to the Executive Employment Agreement in which Mr. Jarvelainen’s salary was increased to $333,333 per year, as to be reviewed and adjusted from time to time. All other terms of the initial USA Employment Agreement remain in place.

F. Andrew Dorr, M.D. Cend entered into an initial consulting agreement with Mr. F. Andrew Dorr on March 3, 2020 setting forth the terms of his consulting arrangement (“Initial Dorr Consulting Agreement”). Pursuant to

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the Initial Dorr Consulting Agreement, Mr. Dorr was to serve as the Chief Medical Officer and was entitled to receive an hourly fee of $450.00 per hour, exclusive of travel time, payable monthly. Additionally, Mr. Dorr was entitled to receive reimbursement for certain expenses, including reasonable telephone expenses, long distance coach (or equivalent) travel within the continental US, including lodging, transportation, and meals, and business class for international travel, payable 30 days thereafter as provided by the Initial Dorr Consulting Agreement. The term of the Initial Dorr Consulting Agreement was indefinite, until terminated by either party, of which can occur by either party providing ten (10) days’ notice following a breach of a material provision of the Initial Dorr Consulting Agreement, unless such breach is cured during such ten (10) day period. Alternatively, Cend may terminate for any reason, with or without cause, by providing fifteen (15) days’ notice. If such termination is without cause, then Cend shall pay Mr. Dorr all unpaid and undisputed amounts due for the consulting services provided by the Initial Dorr Consulting Agreement. Furthermore, as of March 11, 2021, the Initial Dorr Consulting Agreement was amended (“Dorr Amendment”) to extend the Initial Dorr Consulting Agreement through February 22, 2022, unless further modified or extended. The Dorr Amendment further updated the scope of services to be provided by Mr. Dorr, and to updated the fees and expenses to be paid to Mr. Dorr. Particularly, pursuant to the Dorr Amendment, Mr. Dorr shall receive a monthly retainer of $14,000 per month, and may invoice Cend for excess hours at a rate of $450.00 per hour with travel time being payable at ½ of the $450.00 hourly rate. Mr. Dorr received options for 44,000 shares of common stock of Cend, 27,500 of such options have vested as of June 8, 2022, subject to non-cancellation or early termination of the Initial Dorr Consulting Agreement, as amended. All other terms of the Initial Dorr Consulting Agreement remain in place.

Rule 10b5-1 Sales Plans

The directors and executive officers of Cend may adopt written plans, known as Rule 10b5-1 plans, in which they will contract with a broker to buy or sell shares of the combined organization's common stock on a periodic basis. Under a Rule 10b5-1 plan, a broker executes trades pursuant to parameters established by the director or executive officer when entering into the plan, without further direction from them. The director or executive officer may amend a Rule 10b5-1 plan in some circumstances and may terminate a plan at any time. Cend’s directors and executive officers also may buy or sell additional shares outside of a Rule 10b5-1 plan when they are not in possession of material nonpublic information subject to compliance with the terms of the combined organization's insider trading policy. Prior to 120 days after the date of the Closing, the sale of any shares under such plan would be subject to the lock-up agreement that the director or executive officer has entered into as a condition to the Closing.

Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control

Regardless of the manner in which a Cend named executive officer's service terminates, the named executive officer is entitled to receive amounts earned during his or her term of service, including salary.

David Slack, MBA. Pursuant to his employment agreement dated March 29, 2021, in the event Mr. Slack is terminated for good cause, he shall receive regular wages through the termination date. No other severance compensation is payable when he is terminated for good cause. In the event Mr. Slack is terminated for reasons other than good cause, after executing a release, Mr. Slack shall be entitled to (i) eight months compensation at his then-current annual salary rate, (ii) pro-rated annual bonus through termination date and (iii) Cend will continue to pay the premiums for Mr. Slack’s health insurance for eight months (or reimbursement for same) for COBRA coverage. Further, in the event Mr. Slack’s termination is an “Involuntary Termination” (as defined in the First Amendment to Stock Option Grant Notice dated July 1, 2022) and occurs within twelve months following a “Change in Control” (as defined in Cend's 2016 Plan) the vesting of options granted to Mr. Slack shall accelerate in full automatically effective upon such Involuntary Termination.

Equity Incentive Plans

2016 Equity Incentive Plan

The Cend Board of Directors and stockholders approved the Cend 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Cend Plan”) on September 14, 2016 and amendments to the Cend Plan were approved by the Cend Board of Directors and stockholders on October 18, 2017, March 3, 2018, August 31, 2019, August 18, 2020, December 30, 2020 and July 1, 2022.

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Stock Awards. The Cend Plan provides for the grant of (i) incentive stock options, (ii) nonstatutory stock options, (iii) stock bonuses, and (iv) rights to acquire restricted stock. Incentive stock options may be granted only to employees. Other awards may be granted to employees, including officers, and to non-employee directors and consultants.

Share Reserve. The aggregate number of shares of Cend’s common stock that may be issued pursuant to awards under the Cend Plan is 3,217,700 shares. The maximum number of shares that may be issued upon the exercise of incentive stock options under the Cend Plan is 3,217,700 shares. If an award granted under the Cend Plan expires or otherwise terminates without being exercised in full, or if shares of stock still subject to restrictions are repurchased by Cend, the shares will become available for subsequent issuance under the Cend Plan.

Administration. The Cend Board of Directors, or a duly authorized committee thereof, has the authority to administer the Cend Plan. Subject to the terms of the Cend Plan, the Cend Board of Directors or the authorized committee, referred to as the plan administrator, determines recipients, dates of grant, the numbers and types of stock awards to be granted and the terms and conditions of the stock awards, including the period of their exercisability and vesting schedule applicable to a stock award. Subject to the limitations set forth below, the plan administrator will also determine the exercise price, strike price or purchase price of awards granted and the types of consideration to be paid for the award.

Stock Options. Incentive and nonstatutory stock options are evidenced by stock option agreements adopted by the plan administrator. The plan administrator determines the exercise price for a stock option, within the terms and conditions of the Cend Plan, provided that the exercise price of a stock option generally cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of Cend’s common stock on the date of grant, however the Cend Board of Directors shall determine the exercise price of each nonstatutory stock option. Options granted under the Cend Plan vest at the rate specified by the plan administrator. Acceptable consideration for the purchase of common stock issued upon the exercise of a stock option will be determined by the plan administrator and may include, without limitation, (1) cash, check, (2) shares acquired directly from Cend that have been held by the optionholder for at least six months and whose fair market value is equal to the aggregate exercise price of the shares to be purchased, (3) a cashless exercise program as established by Cend and (4) any combination of the foregoing.

Restricted Stock Purchase Awards. Stock purchase rights represent the right to acquire Cend Common Stock. The plan administrator determines the number of award shares and the price to be paid. Cend has the right to repurchase the award shares upon the participant's termination of employment for the price paid by the participant.

Transferability. Unless the plan administrator provides otherwise, awards generally are not transferable except by will, the laws of descent and distribution, or pursuant to a domestic relations order.

Changes to Capital Structure. In the event that there is a specified type of change in Cend’s capital structure, such as a stock split or recapitalization, appropriate adjustments will be made to (1) the class and maximum number of shares reserved for issuance under the Cend Plan and (2) the class and number of shares and exercise price, strike price, or purchase price, if applicable, of all outstanding stock awards.

Corporate Transactions. In the event of certain specified significant corporate transactions, awards will vest in full if not assumed or substituted. Under the Cend Plan, a significant corporate transaction is generally the consummation of (1) a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of Cend’s consolidated assets, (2) a sale or other disposition of at least 50% of Cend’s outstanding securities, (3) a merger or consolidation immediately after which Cend’s stockholders cease to own more than 50% of the combined voting power of the surviving entity, or a merger with or into another corporation, or the Merger.

Amendment and Termination. The Cend Board of Directors has the authority to amend, suspend, or terminate the Cend Plan, provided that such action does not materially impair the existing rights of any participant without such participant's written consent and provided further that certain types of amendments will require the approval of Cend’s stockholders.

401(k) Plan

Cend does not currently prove a 401(k) plan to it employees. In 2020 Cend had adopted a 401(k) for a very limited purpose with limited eligibility. That plan is no longer active.

Health and Welfare Benefits

All of Cend’s full-time employees and certain of Cend’s part-time employees are eligible to participate in Cend’s employee benefit plans, including Cend’s medical, dental, life and disability insurance plans, in each case on the same basis as all of Cend’s other employees.

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CEND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

Director Compensation

The following table sets forth information regarding compensation earned by or paid to Cend’s directors during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

Name	Fees Earned or Paid in Cash	Stock Awards	Option Awards	Other Compensation	Total
Erkki Ruoslahti, MD, PhD⁽¹⁾	$50,000	$—	$—	$—	$50,000
David Slack, MBA⁽²⁾	$491,317	$—	$—	$—	$491,317
James Xiao, EMBA⁽³⁾	$—	$—	$—	$—	—
Heidi Henson, CPA, CFO⁽⁴⁾	$—	—	—	—	—
Mike Sailor, PhD⁽⁵⁾	$—	—	—	—	—

(1)	As of December 31, 2021, Dr. Ruoslahti held 308,727 vested shares of common stock that underlying stock options granted to Dr. Ruoslahti.

(2)	As of December 31, 2021, Mr. Slack held 477,500 shares of common stock that underlying stock options granted to Mr. Slack; 285,938 of which are unvested.

(3)	As of December 31, 2021, Mr. Xiao held 40,000 vested shares of common stock that underlying stock options granted to Mr. Xiao.

(4)	As of December 31, 2021, Ms. Henson held 40,000 vested shares of common stock that underlying stock options granted to Ms. Henson.

(5)	As of December 31, 2021, Dr. Sailor held 111,000 shares of common stock that underlying stock options granted to Dr. Sailor; 76,313 of which are unvested. Upon the Closing, all unvested shares will accelerate and vest in full.

Nonqualified deferred compensation

None of Cend’s directors for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 participated in or have account balances in nonqualified defined contribution plans or other nonqualified deferred compensation plans maintained by Cend. The Cend Board of Directors may elect to provide Cend’s directors, officers and other employees with nonqualified defined contribution or other nonqualified deferred compensation benefits in the future if it determines that doing so is in Cend’s best interests.

Pension Benefits

Cend does not have any qualified or non-qualified defined benefit plans.

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MATTERS BEING SUBMITTED TO A VOTE OF CALADRIUS STOCKHOLDERS

PROPOSAL NO. 1:

APPROVAL OF THE MERGER AND THE ISSUANCE OF COMMON STOCK IN THE MERGER

At the Annual Meeting, Caladrius Stockholders will be asked to approve the Merger and the issuance of Caladrius Common Stock to Cend Stockholders pursuant to the Merger Agreement. Immediately following the Merger, it is expected that Cend Stockholders will own approximately 50% of the outstanding Caladrius Common Stock, and Caladrius Stockholders as of immediately prior to the Merger owning approximately 50% of the outstanding Caladrius Common Stock, subject to adjustment based on the Exchange Ratio as set forth in the Merger Agreement.

Changes in the amount of Caladrius’ net cash balance and the amount of any transaction expenses of Cend in excess of $250,000 immediately prior to the Closing could result in relative ownership percentages that are different than those described above.

The terms of, reasons for and other aspects of the Merger Agreement, the Merger and the issuance of Caladrius Common Stock in the Merger are described in detail in the other sections in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. A copy of the Merger Agreement is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement as Annex A.

Under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(a)(1), a company listed on Nasdaq is required to obtain stockholder approval prior to the issuance of common stock, among other things, in connection with the acquisition of another company’s stock, if the number of shares of common stock to be issued is in excess of 20% of the number of shares of common stock then outstanding. The potential issuance of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock in the Merger exceeds the 20% under the Nasdaq Listing Rules and is expected to represent approximately 50% of Caladrius Common Stock following the Merger. Accordingly, in order to ensure compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(a)(1), Caladrius must obtain the approval of Caladrius Stockholders for the issuance of these shares of Caladrius Common Stock in the Merger.

Under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(b), a company listed on Nasdaq is required to obtain stockholder approval prior to an issuance of stock that will result in a “change of control” of the listed company. Accordingly, in order to ensure compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(b), Caladrius must obtain the approval of Caladrius Stockholders of the change of control as defined under the Nasdaq Listing Rules resulting from the Merger.

Required Vote

The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting is required to approve Proposal No. 1.

THE CALADRIUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT THE CALADRIUS STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” PROPOSAL NO. 1 TO APPROVE THE MERGER AND THE ISSUANCE OF CALADRIUS COMMON STOCK PURSUANT TO THE MERGER AGREEMENT.

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PROPOSAL NO. 2:

APPROVAL OF AN AMENDMENT TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF CALADRIUS EFFECTING THE REVERSE STOCK SPLIT

General

At the Annual Meeting, Caladrius Stockholders will be asked to approve an amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius effecting the Reverse Stock Split. Upon the effectiveness of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius effecting the Reverse Stock Split (the “Split Effective Time”), the issued shares of Caladrius Common Stock immediately prior to the Split Effective Time will be reclassified into a smaller number of shares such that a Caladrius Stockholder will own one new share of Caladrius Common Stock for every five to fifteen shares (or any number in-between and as determined by Caladrius and Cend) of issued Caladrius Common Stock held by that stockholder immediately prior to the Split Effective Time.

If Proposal No. 2 is approved, the Reverse Stock Split would become effective in connection with the Closing. The Caladrius Board of Directors may affect only one reverse stock split in connection with this Proposal No. 2. The Caladrius Board of Director’s decision will be based on a number of factors, including market conditions, existing and expected trading prices for Caladrius Common Stock and the listing requirements of Nasdaq.

The form of the amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius to effect the Reverse Stock Split, as more fully described below, will affect the Reverse Stock Split but will not change the number of authorized shares of Caladrius Common Stock or preferred stock, or the par value of Caladrius Common Stock or Caladrius preferred stock.

Purpose

The Caladrius Board of Directors approved the proposal to amend the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius effecting the Reverse Stock Split for the following reasons:

•	the Caladrius Board of Directors believes effecting the Reverse Stock Split may be an effective means of avoiding a delisting of Caladrius Common Stock from The Nasdaq Capital Market in the future; and

•	the Caladrius Board of Directors believes a higher stock price may help generate investor interest in Caladrius and help Caladrius attract and retain employees.

If the Reverse Stock Split successfully increases the per share price of Caladrius Common Stock, the Caladrius Board of Directors believes this increase may increase trading volume in Caladrius Common Stock and facilitate future financings by Caladrius.

Requirements for Listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market

Caladrius Common Stock is quoted on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CLBS.” The Nasdaq Capital Market imposes, among other requirements, a minimum $1.00 per share bid price requirement pursuant to the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. The closing bid price for our common stock must remain at or above $1.00 per share to comply with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement for continued listing. Since July 12, 2021, the closing bid price for our common stock has been below $1.00 per share. On February 18, 2022, we received a deficiency letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying us that, for the preceding 30 consecutive trading days, the closing bid price for shares of our common stock was below $1.00 per share and, accordingly, we no longer satisfied the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. Because we require Nasdaq approval to list the combined company following the Merger, the Reverse Stock Split may be necessary in order to consummate the Merger.

One of the effects of the Reverse Stock Split will be to effectively increase the proportion of authorized shares which are unissued relative to those which are issued. This could result in Caladrius’ management being able to issue more shares without further stockholder approval. For example, before the Reverse Stock Split, Caladrius’ authorized but

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unissued shares immediately prior to the Closing would be approximately 500,000,000, compared to 60,518,478 shares issued and outstanding as of June 13, 2022. If Caladrius effects the Reverse Stock Split using a 1:15 ratio, its authorized but unissued shares immediately prior to the Closing would be approximately 33,333,333 compared to shares issued and outstanding of approximately 4,034,565. Caladrius currently has no plans to issue shares, other than in connection with the Merger, and to satisfy obligations under Caladrius Options from time to time as Caladrius Options are exercised. The Reverse Stock Split will not affect the number of authorized shares of Caladrius Common Stock, which will continue to be authorized pursuant to the certificate of incorporation of Caladrius.

Potential Increased Investor Interest

On June 14, 2022, Caladrius Common Stock closed at $0.50 per share. An investment in Caladrius Common Stock may not appeal to brokerage firms that are reluctant to recommend lower priced securities to their clients. Investors may also be dissuaded from purchasing lower priced stocks because the brokerage commissions, as a percentage of the total transaction, tend to be higher for such stocks. Moreover, the analysts at many brokerage firms do not monitor the trading activity or otherwise provide coverage of lower priced stocks. Also, the Caladrius Board of Directors believes that most investment funds are reluctant to invest in lower priced stocks.

There are risks associated with the Reverse Stock Split, including that the Reverse Stock Split may not result in an increase in the per share price of Caladrius Common Stock.

Caladrius cannot predict whether the Reverse Stock Split will increase the market price for the Caladrius Common Stock. The history of similar stock split combinations for companies in like circumstances is varied. There is no assurance that:

•	the market price per share of Caladrius Common Stock after the Reverse Stock Split will rise in proportion to the reduction in the number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock outstanding before the Reverse Stock Split;

•	the Reverse Stock Split will result in a per share price that will attract brokers and investors who do not trade in lower priced stocks;

•	the Reverse Stock Split will result in a per share price that will increase the ability of Caladrius to attract and retain employees; or

•

the market price per share will either exceed or remain in excess of the Minimum Bid Price Requirement as required by The Nasdaq Capital Market for continued listing, or that Caladrius will otherwise meet the requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market for inclusion for trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market.

The market price of Caladrius Common Stock will also be based on the performance of Caladrius and other factors, some of which are unrelated to the number of shares outstanding. If the Reverse Stock Split is effected and the market price of Caladrius Common Stock declines, the percentage decline as an absolute number and as a percentage of the overall market capitalization of Caladrius may be greater than would occur in the absence of a reverse stock split. Furthermore, the liquidity of Caladrius Common Stock could be adversely affected by the reduced number of shares that would be outstanding after the Reverse Stock Split.

Principal Effects of the Reverse Stock Split

The amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius effecting the Reverse Stock Split is set forth in Annex D to this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

The Reverse Stock Split will be effected simultaneously for all outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock. The Reverse Stock Split will affect all of the Caladrius Stockholders uniformly and will not affect any Caladrius Stockholder’s percentage ownership interests in Caladrius, except to the extent that the Reverse Stock Split results in any of the Caladrius Stockholders owning a fractional share. Caladrius Common Stock issued pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split will remain fully paid and nonassessable. The Reverse Stock Split does not affect the total proportionate ownership of Caladrius following the Merger. The Reverse Stock Split will not affect Caladrius continuing to be subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.

Procedure for Effecting the Reverse Stock Split and Exchange of Stock Certificates

If the Caladrius Stockholders approve the amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius effecting the Reverse Stock Split, and if the Caladrius Board of Directors still believes that the Reverse

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Stock Split is in the best interests of Caladrius and the Caladrius Stockholders, Caladrius will file the amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware at such time as the Caladrius Board of Directors has determined to be the appropriate Split Effective Time. The Caladrius Board of Directors may delay effecting the Reverse Stock Split without resoliciting stockholder approval. Beginning at the Split Effective Time, each certificate representing pre-split shares will be deemed for all corporate purposes to evidence ownership of post-split shares.

As soon as practicable after the Split Effective Time, Caladrius Stockholders will be notified that the Reverse Stock Split has been effected. Caladrius expects that the Caladrius transfer agent will act as exchange agent for purposes of implementing the exchange of stock certificates. Holders of pre-split shares will be asked to surrender to the exchange agent certificates representing pre-split shares in exchange for certificates representing post-split shares in accordance with the procedures to be set forth in a letter of transmittal to be sent by Caladrius. In the event that Proposal No. 3 is approved, the certificates reflecting the post-split shares will also reflect the change of Caladrius’ corporate name to “Lisata Therapeutics, Inc.” No new certificates will be issued to a stockholder until such stockholder has surrendered such stockholder’s outstanding certificate(s) together with the properly completed and executed letter of transmittal to the exchange agent. Any pre-split shares submitted for transfer, whether pursuant to a sale or other disposition, or otherwise, will automatically be exchanged for post-split shares. Caladrius Stockholders should not destroy any stock certificate(s) and should not submit any certificate(s) unless and until requested to do so.

Fractional Shares

No fractional shares will be issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Caladrius Stockholders of record who otherwise would be entitled to receive fractional shares because they hold a number of pre-split shares not evenly divisible by the number of pre-split shares for which each post-split share is to be reclassified, will be entitled, upon surrender to the exchange agent of certificates representing such shares, to a cash payment in lieu thereof at a price equal to the fraction to which the stockholder would otherwise be entitled multiplied by the closing price of the Caladrius Common Stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market on the date immediately preceding the Split Effective Time. The ownership of a fractional interest will not give the holder thereof any voting, dividend, or other rights except to receive payment therefor as described herein.

By approving the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius effecting the Reverse Stock Split, Caladrius Stockholders will be approving the combination of a range of five to fifteen shares (or any number in between) of Caladrius Common Stock into one share of Caladrius Common Stock.

Caladrius Stockholders should be aware that, under the escheat laws of the various jurisdictions where Caladrius Stockholders reside, where Caladrius is domiciled, and where the funds will be deposited, sums due for fractional interests that are not timely claimed after the effective date of the split may be required to be paid to the designated agent for each such jurisdiction, unless correspondence has been received by Caladrius or the exchange agent concerning ownership of such funds within the time permitted in such jurisdiction. Thereafter, Caladrius Stockholders otherwise entitled to receive such funds will have to seek to obtain them directly from the state to which they were paid.

Potential Anti-Takeover Effect

Although the increased proportion of unissued authorized shares to issued shares could, under certain circumstances, have an anti-takeover effect, for example, by permitting issuances that would dilute the stock ownership of a person seeking to effect a change in the composition of the Caladrius Board of Directors or contemplating a tender offer or other transaction for the combination of Caladrius with another company, the Reverse Stock Split proposal is not being proposed in response to any effort of which Caladrius is aware to accumulate shares of Caladrius Common Stock or obtain control of Caladrius, other than in connection with the Merger, nor is it part of a plan by management to recommend a series of similar amendments to the Caladrius Board of Directors and Caladrius Stockholders. Other than the proposals being submitted to the Caladrius Stockholders for their consideration at the Annual Meeting, the Caladrius Board of Directors does not currently contemplate recommending the adoption of any other actions that could be construed to affect the ability of third parties to take over or effect a change of control of Caladrius. For more information, please see the section entitled “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Caladrius Common Stock,” and “Description of Caladrius Capital Stock—Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of Certain Provisions of Delaware Law and Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws.”

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Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Reverse Stock Split

The following discussion is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reverse Stock Split to U.S. holders (as defined below) of Caladrius Common Stock, but does not purport to be a complete analysis of all potential tax effects. The effects of other U.S. federal tax laws, such as estate and gift tax laws, and any applicable state, local or non-U.S. tax laws are not discussed. This discussion is based on the Code, U.S. Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder (the “Treasury Regulations”), judicial decisions, and published rulings and administrative pronouncements of the IRS, in each case in effect as of the date hereof. These authorities may change or be subject to differing interpretations. Any such change or differing interpretation may be applied retroactively in a manner that could adversely affect a holder of Caladrius Common Stock. Caladrius has not sought and will not seek an opinion of counsel or any rulings from the IRS regarding the matters discussed below. There can be no assurance the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position to that discussed below regarding the tax consequences of the Reverse Stock Split.

This discussion is limited to holders who hold their Caladrius Common Stock as a “capital asset” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). This discussion does not address all U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to the particular circumstances of a Caladrius Stockholder, including the impact of the alternative minimum tax or the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income. In addition, it does not address consequences relevant to holders of Caladrius Common Stock that are subject to special rules, including, without limitation:

•	persons who are not U.S. holders (as defined below);

•	U.S. holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar;

•	persons holding Caladrius Common Stock as part of a hedge, straddle or other risk reduction strategy or as part of a conversion transaction or other integrated investment;

•	banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions;

•	real estate investment trusts or regulated investment companies;

•	brokers, dealers or traders in securities;

•	S corporations, partnerships or other entities or arrangements treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and investors therein);

•	tax-exempt organizations or governmental organizations;

•	persons deemed to sell Caladrius Common Stock under the constructive sale provisions of the Code;

•	persons who hold or receive Caladrius Common Stock pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock options or otherwise as compensation; and

•	tax-qualified retirement plans.

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of Caladrius Common Stock that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is or is treated as:

•	an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;

•	a corporation created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

•	an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or

•

a trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and all substantial decisions of which are subject to the control of one or more “United States persons” (within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code) or (2) has a valid election in effect to be treated as a United States person for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

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If an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds Caladrius Common Stock, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will depend on the status of the partner, the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partner level. Accordingly, partnerships holding Caladrius Common Stock and the partners in such partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to them.

In addition, the following discussion does not address the tax consequences of the Reverse Stock Split under state, local and foreign tax laws. Furthermore, the following discussion does not address any tax consequences of transactions effectuated before, after or at the same time as the Reverse Stock Split, whether or not they are in connection with the Reverse Stock Split.

HOLDERS OF CALADRIUS COMMON STOCK SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE REVERSE STOCK SPLIT ARISING UNDER OTHER U.S. FEDERAL TAX LAWS (INCLUDING ESTATE AND GIFT TAX LAWS), UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCAL OR NON-U.S. TAXING JURISDICTION OR UNDER ANY APPLICABLE INCOME TAX TREATY.

Tax Consequences of the Reverse Stock Split

The Reverse Stock Split should constitute a “recapitalization” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, a U.S. holder of Caladrius Common Stock generally should not recognize gain or loss upon the Reverse Stock Split, except with respect to cash received in lieu of a fractional share of Caladrius Common Stock, as discussed below. A U.S. holder’s aggregate tax basis in the shares of Caladrius Common Stock received pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split should equal the aggregate tax basis of the shares of the Caladrius Common Stock surrendered (excluding any portion of such basis that is allocated to any fractional share of Caladrius Common Stock), and such U.S. holder’s holding period in the shares of Caladrius Common Stock received should include the holding period in the shares of Caladrius Common Stock surrendered. Treasury Regulations provide detailed rules for allocating the tax basis and holding period of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock surrendered to the shares of Caladrius Common Stock received in a recapitalization pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split. U.S. holders of shares of Caladrius Common Stock acquired on different dates and at different prices should consult their tax advisors regarding the allocation of the tax basis and holding period of such shares.

Cash in Lieu of Fractional Shares

A U.S. holder of Caladrius Common Stock that receives cash in lieu of a fractional share of Caladrius Common Stock pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split should recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash received and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the shares of Caladrius Common Stock surrendered that is allocated to such fractional share of Caladrius Common Stock. Such capital gain or loss should be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder’s holding period for Caladrius Common Stock surrendered exceeded one year at the Split Effective Time.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Payments of cash made in lieu of a fractional share of Caladrius Common Stock may, under certain circumstances, be subject to information reporting and backup withholding. To avoid backup withholding, each holder of Caladrius Common Stock that does not otherwise establish an exemption should furnish its taxpayer identification number and comply with the applicable certification procedures.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld will be allowed as a credit against the holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. Holders of Caladrius Common Stock should consult their tax advisors regarding their qualification for an exemption from backup withholding and the procedures for obtaining such an exemption.

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Required Vote

The affirmative vote of holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock having voting power outstanding on the Record Date for the Annual Meeting is required to approve the amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius effecting the Reverse Stock Split, at a ratio mutually agreed to by Caladrius and Cend in the range of one new share for every five to fifteen shares outstanding (or any number in between).

THE CALADRIUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT CALADRIUS STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” PROPOSAL NO. 2 TO APPROVE AN AMENDMENT TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF CALADRIUS EFFECTING THE REVERSE STOCK SPLIT.

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PROPOSAL NO. 3:

APPROVAL OF AN AMENDMENT TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF CALADRIUS EFFECTING THE CALADRIUS NAME CHANGE

At the Annual Meeting, Caladrius Stockholders will be asked to approve an amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius to effect the Caladrius Name Change. Caladrius’ management believes that the current name will no longer accurately reflect the business of Caladrius and the mission of Caladrius subsequent to the consummation of the Merger.

Required Vote

The affirmative vote of holders of a majority of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock having voting power outstanding on the Record Date for the Annual Meeting is required to approve the amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation to effect the Caladrius Name Change.

THE CALADRIUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT CALADRIUS STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” PROPOSAL NO. 3 TO APPROVE AN AMENDMENT TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF CALADRIUS EFFECTING THE CALADRIUS NAME CHANGE.

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PROPOSAL NO. 4:

ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

At the Annual Meeting, Caladrius Stockholders will vote on the election of three Class III directors to serve for a three-year term until Caladrius’ 2025 annual meeting of stockholders or until their successors are elected and qualified, or until his earlier death, resignation or removal. The Caladrius Board of Directors has unanimously nominated Michael H. Davidson, M.D., Steven M. Klosk and Steven S. Myers upon the recommendation of Caladrius’ nominating and governance committee, for reelection to the Caladrius Board of Directors as Class III directors. The nominees have agreed to stand for election. If the nominees for Class III are elected at the Annual Meeting, then each nominee will serve for a three-year term expiring at the 2025 annual meeting of stockholders, or until his successor is elected and qualified, or until his earlier death, resignation or removal.

Required Vote

Caladrius’ directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast. If a choice is specified on the proxy card by a stockholder, the shares will be voted as specified. If a choice is not specified on the proxy card, and authority to do so is not withheld, the shares will be voted “FOR” the election of the three nominees for Class III above. If any of the nominees becomes unavailable for election as a result of an unexpected occurrence, shares that would have been voted for the nominee will instead be voted for the election of a substitute nominee proposed by Caladrius’ management or the Caladrius Board of Directors. Each person nominated for election has agreed to serve if elected. Caladrius’ management has no reason to believe that any nominee will be unable to serve.

THE CALADRIUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” THE ELECTION OF EACH THE CLASS III NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR PURSUANT TO THIS PROPOSAL NO. 4.

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PROPOSAL NO. 5:

RATIFICATION OF SELECTION OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Re-Appointment of Grant Thornton LLP

Grant Thornton LLP currently serves as our independent registered public accounting firm and has audited our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021. Grant Thornton LLP was initially appointed as our independent registered public accounting firm in 2011.

Grant Thornton LLP has again been appointed by the Audit Committee of the Caladrius Board of Directors (the “Audit Committee”) to serve as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. The Caladrius Board of Directors is submitting this appointment to our stockholders for ratification at the Annual Meeting.

Representatives of Grant Thornton LLP at Annual Meeting

Representatives of Grant Thornton LLP are expected to be present at the Annual Meeting to have an opportunity to make a statement, if they desire to do so and to be available to respond to appropriate questions.

Accounting Fees and Other Accounting Matters

Grant Thornton LLP was engaged to serve as Caladrius’ independent registered public accounting firm in 2021 and 2020 and accordingly, audited Caladrius’ financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. The following table sets forth a summary of the fees billed or expected to be billed to us by Grant Thornton LLP for professional services rendered for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Fee Category	Fiscal 2021 Fees	Fiscal 2020 Fees
Audit Fees⁽¹⁾	$420,000	$401,000
Audit-Related Fees⁽²⁾	$—	$—
Tax Fees⁽³⁾	$—	$—
All Other Fees⁽⁴⁾	$—	$—
Total Fees	$420,000	$401,000

(1)

Audit Fees consist of aggregate fees billed or expected to be billed for professional services rendered for the audit of Caladrius’ annual consolidated financial statements included in Caladrius’ Annual Reports on Form 10-K and review of the interim consolidated financial statements included in Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or services that are normally provided by the independent registered public accounting firm in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(2)	Audit-Related Fees consist of aggregate fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of Caladrius’ consolidated financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.”

(3)	Tax Fees consist of aggregate fees billed or expected to be billed for professional services rendered for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning. These fees related to preparation of Caladrius’ federal and state income tax returns and other tax compliance activities.

(4)	All Other Fees consist of aggregate fees billed for products and services provided by Grant Thornton (as applicable), other than those disclosed above.

The Audit Committee is responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of the independent registered public accounting firm and approves in advance any services to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm, whether audit-related or not. The Audit Committee reviews each proposed engagement to determine whether the provision of services is compatible with maintaining the independence of the independent registered public accounting firm. All of the fees shown above were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.

Required Vote; Recommendation of the Caladrius Board of Directors

Approval of the Proposal No. 5 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the stock present at the virtual meeting or represented by proxy entitled to vote and voting on the Auditor Ratification Proposal.

THE CALADRIUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE “FOR” THE RE-APPOINTMENT OF GRANT THORNTON LLP AS OUR INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM.

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PROPOSAL NO. 6:

THE NON-BINDING, ADVISORY VOTE ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Background of the Proposal

Under the Dodd-Frank Act and Section 14A of the Exchange Act, the Caladrius Stockholders are entitled to vote to approve, on an advisory (non-binding) basis, the compensation of its Chief Executive Officer and its other named executive officers as disclosed in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement in accordance with the SEC rules.

Executive Compensation

Caladrius believes that its executive compensation programs, which are reviewed and approved by the Compensation Committee and reviewed by Radford, its compensation consultants, are designed to retain and incentivize the talented executives whose efforts are key to our long-term success. Caladrius Stockholders are encouraged to review carefully the “Caladrius Executive Compensation” section of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement for additional details about Caladrius’ executive compensation, including information about the fiscal year 2021 compensation of our named executive officers.

Caladrius is asking the Caladrius Stockholders to indicate their support for our Named Executive Officer compensation as described in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. This proposal, commonly known as a “say-on-pay” proposal, gives the Caladrius Stockholders the opportunity to express their views on the named executive officers’ compensation. This vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation, but rather the overall compensation of the named executive officersnamed executive officers as described in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. Accordingly, Caladrius is asking the Caladrius Stockholders to cast a non-binding advisory vote “FOR” the following resolution at the Annual Meeting:

“RESOLVED, that the compensation of Caladrius’ named executive officers, as disclosed in Caladrius’ Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K, is hereby APPROVED.”

Required Vote; Recommendation of the Caladrius Board of Directors

Approval of this proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the stock present at the virtual meeting or represented by proxy entitled to vote and voting on the proposal.

The say-on-pay vote is advisory, and therefore not binding on Caladrius, the Compensation Committee or the Caladrius Board of Directors. Nevertheless, the Caladrius Board of Directors and our Compensation Committee value the opinions of our stockholders, whether expressed through this vote or otherwise, and, accordingly, the Caladrius Board of Directors and Compensation Committee intend to consider the results of this vote in making determinations in the future regarding executive compensation arrangements.

THE CALADRIUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT THE CALADRIUS STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” PROPOSAL NO. 6 TO APPROVE THE EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION ON A NON-BINDING ADVISORY VOTE BASIS.

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PROPOSAL NO. 7:

THE AMENDMENT TO THE 2018 EQUITY INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN

Background of the Proposal

The Caladrius Board of Directors has unanimously approved an amendment (subject to stockholder approval at the Annual Meeting) of the Caladrius 2018 Equity Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) that increases the number of shares that may be issued under the Plan.

At the Annual Meeting, you are being asked to approve the amendment to the Plan that increases the number of shares that may be issued under the Plan by 5,000,000 shares from 8,500,000 shares to 13,500,000 shares.

The following is a summary of the Plan, as amended. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Plan, as amended, which is attached to Annex F to this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

The Plan was approved by the Caladrius Board of Directors and our stockholders in 2018. By its terms, the Plan may be amended by the Caladrius Board of Directors, provided that any amendment that the Caladrius Board of Directors determines requires stockholder approval is subject to receiving such stockholder approval. Approval by the Caladrius Stockholders is required by the listing rules of Nasdaq. In addition, stockholder approval is required in order to ensure favorable federal income tax treatment for grants of incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Code.

As of June 13, 2022, a total of 3,504,420 shares of our common stock remain available for issuance under the Plan; options to purchase a total of 2,623,288 shares of common stock are outstanding; and restricted stock units for the issuance of a maximum of 1,453,795 shares of our common stock were outstanding. As of June 13, 2022, a total of 2,023,095 shares of our common stock have been issued upon the exercise of options and vesting of other equity awards granted under the Plan.

Reasons for Amendment of the Plan

In concert with Radford, the independent consultant to the Company, the Caladrius Board of Directors and our management believe that the effective use of stock-based long-term incentive compensation is vital to our ability to achieve strong performance in the future. The Plan is intended to maintain and enhance the key policies and practices adopted by our management and the Caladrius Board of Directors to align employee and stockholder interests and to link compensation to Company performance. In addition, our future success depends, in large part, upon our ability to maintain a competitive position in attracting, retaining and motivating key personnel. We believe that the increase in the number of shares available for issuance under our Plan is essential to permit our management to continue to provide long-term, equity-based incentives to present and future key employees, consultants and directors. The Caladrius Board of Directors believes that the number of shares currently remaining available for issuance pursuant to future awards under the Plan (3,504,420 shares as of June 13, 2022) is not sufficient for future granting needs.

The following is a brief summary of the Plan, as amended. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the text of the Plan, a copy of which is attached as Annex F hereto.

Summary of Material Features of the Plan

Plan Administration. In accordance with the terms of the Plan, the Plan shall be administered by a committee appointed by the Caladrius Board of Directors, which committee shall consist of not less than two members of the Caladrius Board of Directors and shall be comprised solely of members of the Caladrius Board of Directors who qualify as non-employee directors. The Caladrius Board of Directors shall have the power to add or remove members of the committee. The Plan administrator has the authority, in its discretion, to determine, among other matters, (i) the fair market value of shares in connection with awards, (ii) the recipients to whom awards may be granted, (iii) the number of shares of the Company’s common stock to be covered by each award granted under the Plan, (iv) the forms of agreements for use under the Plan and (v) all other terms and conditions of awards in accordance with the Plan.

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Eligibility. The Plan allows us, under the direction of the Plan administrator, to make grants of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, deferred share units, unrestricted shares and stock appreciation rights to the Company’s employees, consultants and directors. As of June 13, 2022, there were approximately 26 individuals eligible to participate in the Plan.

Corporate Governance Aspects of the Plan. The Plan includes several provisions that we believe promote best practices by reinforcing alignment with stockholders’ interests. These provisions include, but are not limited to, the following:

•	No Discounted Options or Stock Appreciation Rights: Stock options and stock appreciation rights may not be granted with exercise prices lower than the fair market value of the underlying shares on the grant date except to replace equity awards due to a corporate transaction.

•

No Repricing without Stockholder Approval: Other than in connection with certain changes in the Company’s capitalization or changes in control, without the prior approval of stockholders, (i) the exercise price of stock options and stock appreciation rights may not be reduced, (ii) no option or stock appreciation right may be cancelled in exchange for cash, other awards, or options or stock appreciation rights with an exercise price that is less than the exercise price of the original option or stock appreciation right and (iii) the Company may not repurchase an option or stock appreciation right for value if the fair market value of the shares underlying such option or stock appreciation right is lower than its exercise price per share.

•	No Dividends: Dividends on stock awards may accrue but are not payable until such time as any applicable vesting period or achievement of performance conditions has been met.

•	No Transferability: Equity awards other than unrestricted shares generally may not be transferred, except by will or the laws of descent and distribution, unless approved by the Plan administrator.

•

Limits on Director Grants: The number of shares that may be granted to any non-employee director in any calendar year is limited to an aggregate grant date fair value of $60,000, except for grants made pursuant to an election by a non-employee director to receive a grant of equity in lieu of cash for any cash fees to be received for service on the Caladrius Board of Directors or any committee thereof or in connection with a non-employee director initially joining the Caladrius Board of Directors.

Shares Available for Issuance. The Plan provides for the issuance of up to 8,500,000 shares of our common stock plus a number of additional shares to be issued if awards outstanding under our Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2009 Plan”) and/or 2015 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2015 Plan”) are cancelled, expire or net share settled. As of June 13, 2022, 3,504,420 shares were available for future awards under the Plan. If our stockholders approve this proposal, an additional 5,000,000 shares would be available for future awards under the Plan. Generally, shares of common stock reserved for awards under the Plan that lapse or are canceled (other than by exercise) will be added back to the share reserve available for future awards.

Stock Options. Stock options granted under the Plan may either be incentive stock options, which are intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 422 of the Code, or non-statutory stock options, which are not intended to meet those requirements. Incentive stock options may be granted to employees of the Company and its affiliates. Non-statutory options may be granted to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates. The exercise price of a stock option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant and the term of the option may not be longer than ten years. If an incentive stock option is granted to an individual who owns more than 10% of the combined voting power of all classes of our capital stock, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant and the term of the option may not be longer than five years.

Award agreements for stock options include rules for exercise of the stock options after termination of service. Options may not be exercised unless they are vested, and no option may be exercised after the end of the term set forth in the award agreement. Generally, stock options will be exercisable, to the extent vested at the time of termination of service, for 90 days after termination of service for any reason other than death or total and permanent disability, and for one year after termination of service on account of death or total and permanent disability, but will not be exercisable if the termination of service was due to cause.

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Stock Awards. Stock awards under the Plan may be granted to any participant under the Plan, pursuant to the terms of a stock award agreement evidencing such grant. The Plan administrator shall establish a vesting period and may prescribe certain additional restrictions, including the satisfaction of corporate or individual performance objectives, on such stock awards. Generally, holders of stock award shares shall have the right to vote such shares, and cash dividends may accrue on stock awards, though they may be paid only to the extent that the applicable restricted period has lapsed or the corporate or individual performance objectives have been achieved. Unless otherwise provided by the stock award agreement or determined by the Plan administrator in its sole discretion, any unvested stock award shares shall be forfeited if the grantee’s employment or service with the Company terminates for any reason prior to the expiration or termination of the applicable vesting period and/or the achievement of such other vesting conditions applicable to the award.

Restricted Stock Units. Restricted stock units are awards denominated in units evidencing the right to receive shares, which may vest over such period of time and/or upon satisfaction of such performance criteria or objectives as is determined by the Plan administrator at the time of grant and set forth in a stock award agreement, without payment of any amounts by the grantee except to the extent required by law. Prior to delivery of shares with respect to an award of restricted stock units, the grantee shall have no rights as a shareholder of the Company. Unless otherwise provided by the stock award agreement or determined by the Plan administrator in its sole discretion, restricted stock units shall be forfeited if the grantee’s employment or service with the Company terminates for any reason prior to the expiration or termination of the applicable vesting period and/or the achievement of such other vesting conditions applicable to the restricted stock units.

Unrestricted Shares. The Plan administrator may cause the Company to grant unrestricted shares at such time or times, in such amounts and for such reasons as the Plan administrator, in its sole discretion, shall determine. No payment shall be required for unrestricted shares.

Stock Appreciation Rights. Stock appreciation rights may be granted by the Plan administrator either alone, in addition to, or in tandem with other awards under the Plan. Each stock appreciation right shall relate to such number of shares as shall be determined by the Plan administrator and shall be exercisable for shares only.

Changes in Capitalization. In connection with any increase or decrease in the number of issued shares resulting from a stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend, combination or reclassification of our common stock, or any other increase or decrease in the number of issued shares without receipt of consideration by us, subject to any required action by our shareholders, the number of shares covered by each outstanding award, and the number of shares which have been authorized for issuance under the Plan but as to which no awards have yet been granted or which have been returned to the Plan upon cancellation or expiration, as well as the price per share covered by each such outstanding option or stock appreciation right and the share limitations set forth in the Plan, shall be proportionately and equitably adjusted.

Corporate Transactions. In the event of a change in control, and either (i) the failure of the Company’s successor to assume a participant’s awards or (ii) an assumption of such awards followed by a participant’s termination without cause within the one-year period following such change in control, then, except as otherwise provided by the Plan administrator in a participant’s award agreement, the participant shall be entitled to the following benefits: (i) all outstanding options and stock appreciation rights granted prior to the change in control shall be fully vested and immediately exercisable in their entirety upon such change in control (or upon later termination of the participant’s employment without cause, if applicable), and (ii) all unvested stock awards, performance-based awards, and other awards shall become fully vested.

Amendment and Termination. The Plan may be amended, altered, suspended or terminated by the Caladrius Board of Directors at any time. No amendment, alteration, suspension or termination of the Plan shall materially impair the rights of any participant unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the Plan administrator, which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company.

Duration of Plan. The Plan will expire by its terms on April 23, 2028.

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Federal Income Tax Considerations

The material federal income tax consequences of the issuance and exercise of stock options and other awards under the Plan, based on the current provisions of the Code and regulations, are as follows. Changes to these laws could alter the tax consequences described below. This summary assumes that all awards granted under the Plan are exempt from or comply with, the rules under Section 409A of the Code related to nonqualified deferred compensation.

Incentive Stock Options: Incentive stock options are intended to qualify for treatment under Section 422 of the Code. An incentive stock option does not result in taxable income to the optionee or deduction to us at the time it is granted or exercised, provided that no disposition is made by the optionee of the shares acquired pursuant to the option within two years after the date of grant of the option nor within one year after the date of issuance of shares to the optionee (referred to as the “ISO holding period”). However, the difference between the fair market value of the shares on the date of exercise and the option price will be an item of tax preference includible in “alternative minimum taxable income” of the optionee. Upon disposition of the shares after the expiration of the ISO holding period, the optionee will generally recognize long term capital gain or loss based on the difference between the disposition proceeds and the option price paid for the shares. If the shares are disposed of prior to the expiration of the ISO holding period, the optionee generally will recognize taxable compensation, and we will have a corresponding deduction, in the year of the disposition, equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares on the date of exercise of the option over the option price. Any additional gain realized on the disposition will normally constitute capital gain. If the amount realized upon such a disqualifying disposition is less than fair market value of the shares on the date of exercise, the amount of compensation income will be limited to the excess of the amount realized over the optionee’s adjusted basis in the shares.

Non-Statutory Options: Options otherwise qualifying as incentive stock options, to the extent the aggregate fair market value of shares with respect to which such options are first exercisable by an individual in any calendar year exceeds $100,000, and options designated as non-statutory options will be treated as options that are not incentive stock options.

A non-statutory option ordinarily will not result in income to the optionee or deduction to us at the time of grant. The optionee will recognize compensation income at the time of exercise of such non-statutory option in an amount equal to the excess of the then value of the shares over the option price per share. Such compensation income of optionees may be subject to withholding taxes, and a deduction may then be allowable to us in an amount equal to the optionee’s compensation income.

An optionee’s initial basis in shares so acquired will be the amount paid on exercise of the non-statutory option plus the amount of any corresponding compensation income. Any gain or loss as a result of a subsequent disposition of the shares so acquired will be capital gain or loss.

Stock Grants: With respect to stock grants under our Plan that result in the issuance of shares that are either not restricted as to transferability or not subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, the grantee must generally recognize ordinary income equal to the fair market value of shares received. Thus, deferral of the time of issuance will generally result in the deferral of the time the grantee will be liable for income taxes with respect to such issuance. We generally will be entitled to a deduction in an amount equal to the ordinary income recognized by the grantee.

With respect to stock grants involving the issuance of shares that are restricted as to transferability and subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, the grantee must generally recognize ordinary income equal to the fair market value of the shares received at the first time the shares become transferable or are not subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, whichever occurs earlier. A grantee may elect to be taxed at the time of receipt of shares rather than upon lapse of restrictions on transferability or substantial risk of forfeiture, but if the grantee subsequently forfeits such shares, the grantee would not be entitled to any tax deduction, including as a capital loss, for the value of the shares on which he previously paid tax. The grantee must file such election with the Internal Revenue Service within 30 days of the receipt of the shares. We generally will be entitled to a deduction in an amount equal to the ordinary income recognized by the grantee.

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Stock Units: The grantee recognizes no income until the issuance of the shares. At that time, the grantee must generally recognize ordinary income equal to the fair market value of the shares received. We generally will be entitled to a deduction in an amount equal to the ordinary income recognized by the grantee.

Plan Benefits

Since the adoption of the Plan through June 13, 2022, we have granted the following stock options (and restricted stock units/performance units/etc.) under the Plan to the individuals and groups listed below. In all cases, the securities underlying such equity awards were shares of our common stock.

Name and Position			Number of shares subject to equity awards
Named Executive Officers:
David J. Mazzo, Ph.D. President and Chief Executive Officer*			839,300
Todd Girolamo, Former General Counsel and Corporate Secretary*			298,000
All Current Executive Officers as a group			2,423,715
Director Nominees:
Michael H. Davidson, M.D., Director			154,228
Steven M. Klosk, Director			133,578
Steven S. Myers, Director			133,578
All current directors who are not executive officers as a group			1,017,022
All employees who are not executive officers as a group			1,252,906

*	Dr. Mazzo and Mr. Girolamo have received greater than 5 percent of the total awards granted to date under the Plan.

Other than the annual grant of restricted stock units, or any initial grant of restricted stock units to our non-employee directors, the amounts of future grants under the Plan are not determinable and will be granted at the sole discretion of the Caladrius Board of Directors or committee or other delegated persons. We cannot determine at this time either the persons who will receive such awards under the Plan or the amount or types of any such awards.

On June 14, 2022, the closing market price per share of our common stock was $0.50, as reported by Nasdaq.

The affirmative vote of a majority of the shares cast affirmatively or negatively at the Annual Meeting is required for the adoption of the amendment to our Plan.

THE CALADRIUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT THE CALADRIUS STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” PROPOSAL NO. 7 TO APPROVE PROPOSED THE AMENDMENT TO THE 2018 EQUITY INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN.

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PROPOSAL NO. 8:

APPROVAL OF POSSIBLE ADJOURNMENT OF THE ANNUAL MEETING

If Caladrius fails to receive a sufficient number of votes to approve Proposal No. 1 or 2, Caladrius may propose to adjourn the Annual Meeting, for a period of not more than 30 days, for the purpose of soliciting additional proxies to approve Proposal No. 1 or 2. Caladrius currently does not intend to propose adjournment at the Annual Meeting if there are sufficient votes to approve Proposal No. 1 or 2. The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of Caladrius Common Stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting is required to approve the adjournment of the Annual Meeting for the purpose of soliciting additional proxies to approve Proposal No. 1 or 2.

THE CALADRIUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT THE CALADRIUS STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” PROPOSAL NO. 8 TO ADJOURN THE ANNUAL MEETING, IF NECESSARY, TO SOLICIT ADDITIONAL PROXIES IF THERE ARE NOT SUFFICIENT VOTES IN FAVOR OF PROPOSAL NO. 1 OR 2.

THE APPROVAL OF

PROPOSAL NO. 1 IS REQUIRED TO CONSUMMATE THE MERGER.

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EQUITY PLAN TABLE

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2021 regarding shares of our common stock that may be issued under our existing equity compensation plans, including our 2018 Equity Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”), our 2015 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2015 Plan”), our 2009 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2009 Plan”), and our amended 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Amended 2017 ESPP”).

	Equity Compensation Plan Information
	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options⁽¹⁾	Weighted Average exercise price of outstanding options and rights	Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plan (excluding securities referenced in column (a))
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders⁽²⁾	2,131,849	$5.64	5,886,238⁽³⁾
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders	0	—	0

(1)	Includes stock options only; does not include purchase rights accruing under the Amended 2017 ESPP Plan because the purchase price (and therefore the number of shares to be purchased) will not be determined until the end of the purchase period.

(2)	Consists of the Plan, the 2015 Plan, the 2009 Plan, and the Amended 2017 ESPP.

(3)	Includes shares available for future issuance under the Plan and the Amended 2017 ESPP.

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CALADRIUS BUSINESS

Overview

Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. (“we,” “us,” “our,” “Caladrius” or the “Company”) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the development of treatments and reversal of severe diseases. We are developing what are intended to be first-in-class therapeutics based on the characteristics of naturally occurring CD34+ cells and their ability to stimulate the growth of new microvasculature. Our technology is intended to leverage these cells to enable the body’s natural repair mechanisms using formulations unique to each medical indication.

Our leadership team has decades of collective biopharmaceutical development experience. Our goal is to develop and commercialize products that address important unmet medical needs based on a broad and versatile portfolio of candidates. Our current product candidates include:

•	XOWNA® (CLBS16), the subject of both a completed positive Phase 2a study (ESCaPE-CMD) and an ongoing follow-on Phase 2b study (FREEDOM Trial) in the United States for the treatment of coronary microvascular dysfunction (“CMD”);

•	HONEDRA® (CLBS12), recipient of SAKIGAKE designation pursuant to which early conditional approval in Japan for the treatment of critical limb ischemia (“CLI”) and Buerger’s disease is being sought based on the current results of a clinical trial executed in Japan; and

•	CLBS201, designed to assess the safety and efficacy of CD34+ cell therapy as a treatment for patients with chronic kidney disease related to type 2 diabetes (diabetic kidney disease or “DKD”).

Corporate Information

We incorporated in 1980 as a Delaware corporation and our principal executive offices are located at 110 Allen Road, Second Floor, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920. Our telephone number is (908) 842-0100 and the corporate website address is www.caladrius.com. Our website address in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is included only as an inactive textual reference and is not intended to be an active link to our website. The information on the website is not incorporated by reference into this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports, as well as other documents filed with the SEC, are available free of charge through the Investors section of the website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The public can obtain documents that are filed with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

This proxy statement/prospectus/information statement includes the following trademarks owned by us: Caladrius®, XOWNA® and HONEDRA®. These trademarks are the property of Caladrius. This proxy statement/prospectus/information statement also includes other trademarks, service marks and trade names owned by us or other companies. All trademarks, service marks and traded names included herein are the property of their respective owners.

Ischemic Repair (CD34 Cell Technology)

The CD34+ cell was discovered as a result of the deliberate search for a cell capable of stimulating the development and/or repair of blood vessels. All tissues in the body maintain their function by replacing cells over time. In addition to the maintenance function, the body must also be capable of building new blood vessels after injury. A CD34+ cell is an endothelial progenitor cell that has the ability to stimulate new blood vessel formation at the level of the microvasculature.

Our proprietary cell technology using autologous (a patient’s own naturally occurring) CD34+ cells has led to the development of therapeutic product candidates designed to address diseases and conditions caused by ischemia. Ischemia occurs when the supply of oxygenated blood to healthy tissue is restricted or reduced. Through the administration of CD34+ cells, we seek to promote the development and formation of new microvasculature and thereby increase blood flow to the impacted area. We believe that a number of conditions caused by underlying ischemic injury can be improved through our CD34+ cell technology including, but not limited to, Buerger’s disease, CLI, CMD, and DKD.

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XOWNA® for Treatment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

In 2017, with the assistance of a $1.9 million grant from the National Institutes of Health (Award Number R44HL135889), we initiated our program for XOWNA® for the treatment of CMD, a disease that afflicts as many as 1.6 million patients in the United States alone, with no current targeted treatment options. That study, the ESCaPE-CMD Trial, was a Phase 2a proof-of-concept open label study that enrolled patients at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, CA. Those data showed a positive therapeutic effect with a statistically significant improvement in angina frequency, coronary flow reserve, Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Class and Seattle Angina Questionnaire scores, as well as an acceptable safety profile. The full data set from that study was presented at the SCAI 2020 Scientific Sessions Virtual Conference on May 14, 2020 by Dr. Timothy Henry, FACC, of the Christ Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio. In December 2020, we commenced enrollment in our Phase 2b FREEDOM Trial of XOWNA®, a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of intracoronary artery delivery of autologous CD34+ cells in subjects with CMD and without obstructive coronary artery disease. The FREEDOM Trial, was originally designed to enroll 105 patients randomized 4:3 active:placebo and was expected to complete enrollment in approximately 12 months. The primary objectives of the FREEDOM Trial were to corroborate the results of ESCaPE-CMD trial, to get a better estimation of the magnitude of treatment effect of XOWNA® on clinical endpoints likely to be required by the FDA in a pivotal trial and to assess the impact of XOWNA® on a patient population more broadly representative of the intended treatment population. Enrollment in the FREEDOM Trial initiated as planned and the first patient was treated in January 2021. Unfortunately, shortly thereafter, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. has contributed to a general slowing of enrollment that continues to this day. The Company intends to conduct an interim analysis of the data from not less than the first 20 patients enrolled using the 6-month follow-up data to evaluate the efficacy and safety of XOWNA® in subjects with CMD and corroborate the ESCaPE-CMD study results. The following is a list of major challenges to the FREEDOM Trial execution:

1.	Accessibility of subjects to investigational sites which had restricted access to the treatment of COVID-19 patients and/or only patients with grave illness;

2.	Availability of staff at the clinical sites due to reassignment to COVID-19 treatment areas and/or to the resignation of personnel;

3.	Unexpected discontinuation by the manufacturer of the catheter originally specified for the diagnosis of CMD as part of the inclusion criteria;

4.	Subjects testing positive for COVID-19 prior to treatment;

5.	Competition for available apheresis resources;

6.	Supply chain (i.e., out-of-stock) issues associated with some of the catheters cleared by FDA for administration of XOWNA®;

7.	Discontinuation by the manufacturer of catheters cleared by FDA for administration of XOWNA®;

8.	Supply chain (i.e., out-of-stock) issues associated with Omnipaque, a commonly used contrast agent in catheter laboratories; and

9.	Financial pressures associated with dramatically increased costs of personnel, materials in general and with the cost of capital in particular.

In addition to the above, in the coming months we would be required to commit a significant amount of capital not originally budgeted for this program to an extension of our contract manufacturing organization arrangements, another unanticipated consequence of the pandemic-related delays in enrollment.

To date, despite multiple protocol amendments to address the aforementioned challenges, along with an increased number of sites in the study, the FREEDOM Trial has enrolled approximately one third of the targeted 105 patients. At this rate and given the continued uncertainty of the direct and indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on enrollment, an additional more than four years would likely be required to complete enrollment and reach the primary endpoint at 6-months follow-up for all subjects. We evaluated the value and viability of continuing the FREEDOM Trial as originally designed and determined that the trial has served its purpose and that further enrollment would not provide clinical data particularly useful for future regulatory and/or commercial use. Consequently, we have decided to discontinue enrollment activities in the FREEDOM Trial and will conduct

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an analysis of the data from not fewer than the first 20 patients with 6-month follow up (the same number as was evaluated in the ESCaPE-CMD trial) to achieve one of the objectives of the study, i.e., evaluation of the efficacy and safety of XOWNA® in subjects with CMD in a controlled trial with the aim of corroboration of the ESCaPE-CMD study results. Additionally, these data will provide an estimation of the XOWNA® effect size on the clinical endpoints likely to be required by the FDA in a future pivotal study. The next steps of development of XOWNA® will be determined based on the results of this interim analysis, appropriate discussions with the FDA, if warranted, a review of costs and timeline and the interest of any of possible collaborators. Per good clinical practice, we will continue to assess and follow all treated subjects according to protocol through completion of follow-up. The interim analysis is expected to be completed in August 2022 and the following potential outcomes are projected based on the results of the analysis of the FREEDOM Trial data:

1.	The data corroborate the ESCaPE-CMD data

a.	We will meet with the FDA to discuss the path to registration for the product and then determine whether future clinical development can be solely supported by us or if a partner or licensee will be required for continued development and if such a partner is available

2.	The data do not corroborate ESCaPE-CMD results

a.	We will likely terminate the development of XOWNA® for CMD

The final decision on the future development of XOWNA® is expected by end of 2022. As with all development activities, there can be no assurance of a positive outcome.

HONEDRA® for Treatment of Critical Limb Ischemia

Our randomized, open-label, registration-eligible study of HONEDRA® in Japan for the treatment of CLI and Buerger’s disease has, to date, demonstrated positive trends in both safety and efficacy. The HONEDRA® study’s enrollment, however, has been significantly curtailed by the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact in Japan, including the States of Emergency in Japan that have persisted for much of the past 18 months. Due to the significant and continued operational and financial burden incurred as a result of these COVID-19 delays, coupled with the unpredictability of the timing of site enrollment re-initiation, we suspended further enrollment and are focusing our efforts on consummating a partnership for the product in Japan. Such a partnership may become the basis for the completion of development and registration of HONEDRA® in Japan and may include the completion of enrollment of the four remaining no-option CLI subjects stipulated in the original protocol, if necessary, and/or exploration of submitting the existing data to Japan’s Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (“PMDA”) under Japan’s regenerative medicine regulations, which allow for conditional approval of innovative regenerative medicine products. Despite receipt from FDA in March 2021 of orphan designation in the United States for CLBS12 as a potential treatment for Buerger’s disease, based on a response from the FDA in October 2021 regarding a development plan for U.S. registration, we have decided not to pursue U.S. development in Buerger’s disease at this time.

CLBS201 for Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease

Progressive kidney failure is associated with attrition of the microcirculation of the kidney. Pre-clinical studies in kidney disease and injury models have demonstrated that protection or replenishment of the microcirculation results in improved kidney function. Based on these observations, we have elected to move forward with a Phase 1, open-label, proof-of-concept trial evaluating CLBS201 dosed via intra-renal artery injections in subjects with DKD. This protocol, as approved by an IRB, is expected to include six subjects in total with the first two subjects sequentially dosed and followed for a two-week safety observation period. Clearance by an independent Data Safety Monitoring Board (“DSMB”) overseeing the study will then permit the treatment of the next four patients, with all patients being followed for safety and therapeutic effect. A read-out of data will occur after the six-month follow-up visit for all patients. A key criterion for continued development of CLBS201 will be our ability to demonstrate a therapeutic effect that will make it competitive in the field of DKD treatment, i.e., kidney function regeneration, as indicated by increased glomerular filtration rate.

Additional Out-licensing Opportunities and Pipeline Diversification

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commercialization, either alone or with partners, to provide treatment options to patients suffering from life-threatening medical conditions. We believe that we are well-positioned to realize potentially meaningful value increases within our own proprietary pipeline if we are successful in advancing our product candidates to their next significant development milestones.

In addition, we further desire to diversify our pipeline of development product candidates and are exploring a range of strategic transactions in furtherance of that goal. We have taken, and intend to continue to take, active steps to identify assets and/or companies for acquisition and/or partnership that would complement our current development programs and de-risk our overall development portfolio. Such assets potentially could target indications beyond cardiovascular disease as well as product categories outside of cell therapy. The range of possible transactions includes an acquisition, merger, business combination, in-license or other strategic transaction, any of which could result in the issuance of securities that could significantly dilute the shares of our existing stockholders. There can be no assurance that this exploration of strategic alternatives will result in us entering into or completing any transaction or that such transaction, if completed, will add to shareholder value.

COVID-19 Considerations

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, was reported to have surfaced in China. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 to be a pandemic, and the world’s economies began to experience pronounced effects. Despite the FDA approval of multiple COVID-19 vaccines, there remains uncertainty around the extent and duration of disruption and any future related financial impact cannot reasonably be estimated at this time. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we implemented a universal work from home policy as well as stringent social distancing and other hygiene policies for employees when they must be in the office. Our clinical study of HONEDRA® in Japan has experienced significant delays in enrollment due to the States of Emergency in effect in Japan for most of 2020 and re-implemented from January 7, 2021 through March 21, 2021 covering Tokyo and other regions in response to an increased number of COVID-19 infections. Due to reported increases in COVID-19 cases and a low rate of vaccination in Japan, States of Emergency were renewed on April 25, 2021 through May 11, 2021 and then re-implemented in Tokyo from July 12, 2021 through September 30, 2021. With our expectation that COVID-19 in Japan would continue to impact negatively enrollment of patients in the HONEDRA® clinical trial, we have elected to suspend trial enrollment, seek a development partner and consult with the Japanese regulatory authorities regarding the submission of patient data already accrued.

In addition, our Phase 2b trial of XOWNA® in the United States has also experienced delays in enrolling patients as a result of COVID-19. As described above, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. has contributed to a general slowing of enrollment for the FREEDOM Trial that continues to this day. The impact of COVID-19 on the trial included: limited accessibility of subjects to investigational sites which had restricted access to the treatment of COVID-19 patients and/or only patients with grave illness; limited availability of staff at the clinical sites due to reassignment to COVID-19 treatment areas and/or to the resignation of personnel; subjects testing positive for COVID-19 prior to treatment; and supply chain issues relating to catheters and other materials used for the trial. Consequently, the Company has decided to discontinue enrollment activities in the FREEDOM Trial and will conduct an analysis of the data from not fewer than the first 20 patients with 6-month follow up (the same number as was evaluated in the ESCaPE-CMD trial) to achieve one of the objectives of the study, i.e., evaluation of the efficacy and safety of XOWNA® in subjects with CMD in a controlled trial with the aim of corroboration of the ESCaPE-CMD study results.

THE FIELD OF CELL THERAPY

Regenerative medicine is defined as the process of replacing or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to restore normal function. Among the categories of therapeutic technology platforms within this field are cell therapy, gene therapy, tissue engineering, tools, device diagnostics and aesthetic medicine. All living complex organisms start as a single cell that replicates and then individual groups of cells differentiate (mature into complex cell types), thereby yielding the diversity of organs and organ systems in an adult organism. Cell therapy is a process that uses cells to prevent, treat or cure disease, or to regenerate damaged or aged tissue. Since the 1970s, bone marrow, blood and umbilical cord-derived stem cells have been used to restore bone marrow, as well as blood and immune system cells damaged by the chemotherapy and radiation historically used to treat many cancers. Notably, this approach holds certain curative potential for patients with otherwise fatal conditions.

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There are two general classes of cell therapies: autologous and allogeneic. When cells are collected from a person (donor) and transplanted or used to develop a treatment solely for that same person (recipient or patient) with or without modification, the treatment paradigm is known as “autologous” cell therapy. For long-term repair of cardiovascular tissues, evidence indicates that the repair cells must remain in the target tissue for a period of time. Since autologous cells are not destroyed by the immune system, autologous cell therapy can be expected to result in long-term residence of the administered cells. When the donor and the recipient are not the same individual, however, the procedures are referred to as “allogeneic” cell therapy.

Various cell therapies are in clinical development for an array of human diseases, including autoimmune, oncologic, cardiovascular, neurologic and orthopedic diseases, among other indications. While no assurances can be given regarding future medical developments, we believe that the field of cell therapy holds the promise to better the human experience and minimize or ameliorate the pain and suffering from many common and often life-threatening diseases. The FDA has been investing significant resources into policies and organizational changes to advance the cell and gene therapy fields in recent years through what the agency has labeled its “comprehensive regenerative medicine policy framework,” as first announced in late 2017 and incrementally developed since that time through various agency actions.

TECHNOLOGY OUT-LICENSING OPPORTUNITIES

Ischemic Repair (CD34+ Cell Technology)

Our CD34+ Cell Technology is an autologous cell platform technology with potential application to a broad array of ischemic conditions and we will seek to out-license the technology in geographies and/or indications in which we do not intend to pursue development ourselves.

Intellectual Property Platform

Our developed and owned ischemic repair patent portfolio comprises the following:

a.	Nine U.S. patents, three European Union (“EU”) patents (each filed in 5 individual countries) and ten other patents in Japan, Canada, Russia and Hong Kong;

b.	Claims cover, inter alia, a pharmaceutical composition that contains a therapeutic concentration of non-expanded CD34+ stem cells that move in response to SDF-1 or VEGF, together with a stabilizing amount of serum, that can be delivered to repair an injury caused by vascular insufficiency;

c.	Issued and pending claims can be applied to a broad range of conditions caused by underlying ischemia, including acute myocardial infarction, chronic myocardial ischemia post-acute myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, critical limb ischemia, and ischemic brain injury and DKD;

d.	One pending patent application in the United States; and

e.	One pending patent application outside the United States.

Market Opportunity for CLI

In Japan, there are approximately 300,000 patients with CLI, of whom approximately 51,000 are not candidates for revascularization, together with an addressable population of approximately 560,000 patients in the EU and 300,000 in the United States.

The field of cardiovascular cell therapy development is competitive. There are a number of companies that are developing cell-based therapies for cardiovascular diseases. These companies are utilizing a number of different therapeutic approaches in their development efforts. There are both autologous and allogeneic based competitive therapies that derive cells principally from four sources: fat, peripheral blood, cord blood, and bone marrow. HONEDRA® is an autologous therapy that derives its cells from the peripheral blood of the patient via apheresis.

Market Opportunity for CMD

In the United States there is an addressable population of approximately 400,000 to 1,600,000 patients with CMD, while the addressable population is roughly 1,200,000 to 4,800,000 in the EU and between 43,000 and 166,000 in Japan.

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Market Opportunity for DKD

In the United States, stage 3 and 4 DKD patients represent an addressable population of approximately 7,000,000 and there is an estimated addressable population of 12,000,000 patients in the EU.

SEASONALITY

We do not believe that our operations are seasonal in nature.

GOVERNMENT REGULATION

The healthcare industry is one of the most highly regulated industries in the United States and abroad. Various governmental regulatory authorities, as well as private accreditation organizations, oversee and monitor the activities of individuals and businesses engaged in the development, manufacture and delivery of health care products and services. The following is a general description of certain current laws and regulations that are relevant to our business:

Premarket Review and Approval of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products in the United States

In the United States, pharmaceutical and biological products, including cellular therapies, are subject to extensive pre- and post-market regulation by the FDA. The FD&C Act and other federal and state statutes and regulations, govern, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, storage, recordkeeping, approval, labeling, promotion and marketing, distribution, post-approval monitoring and reporting, sampling, and import and export of pharmaceutical products, including biological products, intended for therapeutic uses. Biological products are approved for marketing under provisions of the Public Health Service Act (“PHS Act”). However, biological products that also meet the definition of “drugs” under the FD&C Act are also subject to regulation under FD&C Act provisions and to applicable provisions from two sets of FDA’s implementing regulations, those for biological products and those for drugs. Another distinction between pharmaceuticals and cellular therapies is that the PHS Act requires the submission of a BLA, rather than a New Drug Application (“NDA”), for market authorization of a cellular therapy candidate like ours. Generally, the application process and requirements for product approval under BLA is similar to those for an NDA, and the review process for biological products is associated with similar approval risks and application costs as for chemical entity drug products.

Failure to comply with applicable U.S. requirements may subject a company to a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions, such as the FDA refusal to approve pending NDAs or BLAs, withdrawal of an approval, issuance of warning letters and other types of enforcement letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, refusals of government contracts, restitution, disgorgement of profits, or civil or criminal investigations and penalties brought by the FDA and the Department of Justice or other governmental entities. Under certain circumstances, individual members of company management may also be subject to civil or criminal penalties related to company violations of applicable legal requirements.

An applicant seeking approval to market and distribute a new pharmaceutical or biological product in the United States typically must undertake the following:

•	completion of preclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies in compliance with the FDA’s good laboratory practice or GLP regulations;

•	submission to the FDA of an IND, which includes the detailed clinical protocol, which must take effect before human clinical trials can commence;

•	approval of the clinical trial protocol and the sponsor’s safeguards for human subjects by one or more IRBs depending on the numbers of clinical sites and other features of the study design, before each clinical trial may be initiated;

•	performance of adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials in accordance with good clinical practices, or “GCPs,” to establish the safety and efficacy of the proposed drug or biological product for each proposed indication for which FDA approval is sought;

•	satisfactory completion of FDA audits of clinical trial sites to assure compliance with GCPs and the integrity of the clinical data;

•	preparation and submission to the FDA of an NDA or BLA, as appropriate;

•	review of the product by an FDA advisory committee, where appropriate or if applicable, as determined by the FDA at its discretion;

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satisfactory completion of one or more FDA inspections of the manufacturing facility or facilities at which the product, or components thereof, are produced to assess compliance with the regulations establishing cGMP/cGTP (if applicable), and to assure that the facilities, methods and controls used for the manufacture, processing and packing of the drug or biological product are adequate to preserve the product’s identity, strength, quality and purity; and

•	payment of applicable user fees and securing FDA approval of the NDA or BLA.

Satisfaction of FDA pre-market approval requirements typically takes many years and the actual time required may vary substantially based upon the type, complexity and novelty of the product or disease. Moreover, submission of an IND may not result in FDA authorization to initiate a clinical trial if the FDA raises concerns or questions about the design of the clinical trial or the preclinical or manufacturing information supporting it, including concerns that human research subjects will be exposed to unreasonable health risks. A separate submission to an existing IND must also be made for each successive clinical trial conducted during product development. After a trial is initiated, the FDA may order the temporary or permanent discontinuation of a clinical trial at any time, or impose other sanctions, if it believes that the clinical trial is not being conducted in accordance with FDA requirements, or presents an unacceptable risk to the clinical trial patients.

Clinical trials involve the administration of the investigational new drug to healthy volunteers or patients under the supervision of a qualified investigator. Clinical trials must be conducted in compliance with federal regulations and GCPs, which are meant to protect the rights and health of patients and to define the roles of clinical trial sponsors, administrators, and monitors. In addition, sponsors of most clinical trials involving FDA regulated products, including drugs and biologics, are required to register and disclose certain clinical trial information on a public registry and results database managed by the National Institutes of Health called ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration information that must be submitted includes information related to the product, patient population, phase of investigation, study sites and investigators, and other aspects of the clinical trial. Sponsors are also obligated to disclose the results of their clinical trials after completion. Competitors may use this publicly available information to gain knowledge regarding the progress of development programs. Failure to comply with applicable clinical trial registration or results reporting obligations can result in civil monetary penalties or the withholding of grant funds from a federally funded grantee.

Clinical trials to support NDAs or BLAs for marketing approval are typically conducted in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap or may be combined. Under certain circumstances, a fourth post-approval phase may be required.

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Phase 1: Trials in this phase are initially conducted in a limited population of healthy volunteers to test the product candidate for safety, dose tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion in healthy humans or, on occasion, in patients, such as cancer patients, when the drug or biologic is too toxic to be ethically given to healthy individuals.

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Phase 2: These clinical trials are generally conducted in a limited patient population to determine the presence and approximate magnitude of therapeutic effect of the product for specific targeted indications and to identify appropriate therapeutic dose and dose frequency as well as any corresponding additional possible adverse effects and safety risks. Multiple Phase 2 clinical trials may be conducted by the sponsor to obtain information prior to beginning larger and more expensive Phase 3 clinical trials.

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Phase 3: These are commonly referred to as pivotal or registration studies. When Phase 2 evaluations demonstrate that a dose range of the product is effective and has an acceptable safety profile, Phase 3 clinical trials are typically undertaken in a larger patient population to further evaluate dosage, to provide substantial evidence of clinical efficacy and to further test for safety in an expanded and diverse patient population at multiple and geographically-dispersed clinical trial sites. In most cases, the FDA requires two adequate and well-controlled Phase 3 clinical trials to demonstrate the efficacy of the drug or biologic as a requirement for marketing authorization.

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Phase 4: In some cases, the FDA may condition approval of an NDA or BLA for a product candidate on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct additional clinical trials after NDA or BLA approval. In other cases, a sponsor may voluntarily carry out additional trials post approval to gain more information about the drug or biologic.

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Submission of an NDA or BLA to the FDA

Assuming successful completion of the required clinical testing, the results of the preclinical studies and clinical trials, together with detailed information relating to the product’s chemistry, manufacture, controls and proposed labeling, among other things, are submitted to the FDA as part of an NDA or BLA seeking approval to market the drug product for one or more indications. FDA approval of the NDA or BLA is required before marketing of the product may begin in the United States. The cost of preparing and submitting an NDA or BLA is substantial. Under federal law, most NDA or BLA submissions are additionally subject to a substantial application user fee. The current fee for fiscal year 2022 is $3,117,218 (some small businesses may qualify for a waiver under certain circumstances) and an annual program fee, currently $369,413, must also be paid for each approved prescription drug or biological product. These fees are typically adjusted annually.

The FDA has 60 days from its receipt of an NDA or BLA to determine whether the application will be accepted for filing based on the Agency’s threshold determination that the application is sufficiently complete to permit substantive review. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the FDA begins an in-depth review. If the application is not sufficiently complete, the FDA may issue a Refusal to File, or RTF, letter, although the FDA may permit an applicant to correct certain easily correctable deficiencies in the NDA/BLA before filing without taking an official RTF action. Under certain NDA and BLA review performance goals to which the FDA has agreed, most applications for standard review of drug or biological products are reviewed within ten to twelve months, and most applications for priority review drugs or biologics are reviewed within six to eight months. If a sponsor submits a major amendment to a filed NDA or BLA at any time during the review cycle, the FDA may extend these reviews by three months although only one such extension is permitted during a review cycle. Priority review can be applied to drugs or biologics that, in the FDA’s determination, offer major advances in treatment or provide a treatment for a disease or condition for which no adequate therapy exists. For biologics, priority review is further limited to products intended to treat a serious or life-threatening disease relative to currently approved products. Priority review requests must be submitted in conjunction with the original NDA/BLA for which the sponsor is seeking the designation, and the FDA decision will be made in conjunction with its official action to file the application and begin the substantive review process.

Before approving an NDA or BLA, the FDA will typically inspect one or more clinical trial sites to ensure compliance with GCPs. Additionally, the FDA will inspect the facility or the facilities at which the drug is manufactured. These pre-approval inspections cover all facilities associated with an NDA or BLA submission, including drug component manufacturing (such as active pharmaceutical ingredients), finished drug product manufacturing, and control testing laboratories. The FDA will not approve the product unless it determines that the manufacturing processes and facilities are in compliance with applicable cGMP and cGTP requirements and are adequate to assure consistent production of the drug or biological product within required specifications and the NDA or BLA contains data that provide substantial evidence that the drug or biologic is safe and effective for the proposed indication.

The FDA may refer applications for novel drug or biological products, or drug or biological products that present difficult questions of safety or efficacy, to an advisory committee, typically a panel that includes clinicians and other experts, for review, evaluation, and a recommendation as to whether the application should be approved. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but the FDA will carefully consider them.

After the FDA fully evaluates the NDA or BLA and the relevant manufacturing facilities, the FDA will issue either an approval/licensure letter or a complete response letter (“CRL”). A CRL generally outlines the deficiencies in the submission and may require substantial additional testing or information in order for the FDA to reconsider the application. If and when those deficiencies have been addressed to the FDA’s satisfaction in a resubmitted NDA or BLA, the FDA will issue an approval letter. The FDA has committed to reviewing such resubmissions within two or six months, depending on the type of information being provided to address the deficiencies in the CRL. Even with the submission of this additional information, however, the FDA ultimately may decide that the application does not satisfy the regulatory criteria for approval.

If the FDA approves a drug or biological product for marketing in the United States, it may limit the approved indications for use for the product; require that contraindications, warnings or precautions be included in the product labeling; require that post-approval studies, including Phase 4 clinical trials, be conducted to further assess the drug’s safety after approval; require testing and surveillance programs to monitor the product after commercialization; or impose other conditions, including distribution restrictions or other risk management

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mechanisms, such as a REMS, which can materially affect the potential market and profitability of the product. The FDA also may prevent or limit further marketing of a product based on the results of post-market studies or surveillance programs. After approval, many types of changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or patient populations, making certain types of manufacturing changes or seeking to make additional labeling claims, are subject to further testing requirements and FDA review and approval.

One potential condition of approval is that the FDA may require an applicant to develop a REMS to ensure that the benefits of the drug outweigh its risks. To determine whether a REMS is needed, the FDA will consider the size of the population likely to use the product, seriousness of the disease, expected benefit of the product, expected duration of treatment, seriousness of known or potential adverse events, and whether the product is a new molecular entity. REMS requirements are tailored to the specific risk/benefit profile of a drug and can include requirements such as medication guides for patients, detailed communication plans for health care professionals, and elements to assure safe use, or “ETASU.” ETASU may include, but are not limited to, special training or certification for prescribing or dispensing, dispensing only under certain circumstances, special monitoring, restricted distribution, and the use of patient registries. The FDA may require a REMS as a condition of approval or may add such a requirement at any point post-approval if it becomes aware of a serious risk associated with use of the product. The requirement for a REMS and the specific components that are involved can materially affect the potential market and profitability of a product. If the FDA concludes a REMS plan is needed, the sponsor of the NDA or BLA must submit a proposed REMS. The FDA will not approve an NDA without a REMS, if required.

Expedited Review Programs (Fast Track, Breakthrough, RMAT) and Accelerated Approval Pathways

The FDA is authorized to facilitate the development and expedite the review of certain drugs or biologics that are intended for the treatment of a serious or life-threatening disease or condition for which there is no effective treatment and which demonstrate the potential to address unmet medical needs for the condition. Under the Fast Track Program, the sponsor of an IND for a drug candidate may request that the FDA designate the drug candidate for a specific indication as a Fast Track drug concurrent with, or after, the submission of the IND for the drug candidate. The FDA must determine if the drug candidate qualifies for Fast Track designation within 60 days of receipt of the sponsor’s request. In addition to other benefits such as the ability to engage in more frequent interactions with the FDA, the FDA may initiate review of sections of a Fast Track drug’s NDA or BLA before the application is complete. This “rolling review” is available if the applicant provides, and the FDA approves, a schedule for the submission of the remaining information and the applicant pays applicable user fees. The FDA’s time period goal for reviewing an application, however, does not begin until the last section of the NDA/BLA is submitted. Additionally, the Fast Track designation may be withdrawn by the FDA if the FDA believes that the designation is no longer supported by data emerging in the clinical trial process.

Separately, under the FDA’s accelerated approval regulations, the FDA may approve a drug for a serious or life-threatening illness that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit to patients beyond existing treatments based upon a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit, or on a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than irreversible morbidity or mortality, that is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit, taking into account the severity, rarity or prevalence of the condition and the availability or lack of alternative treatments.

In clinical trials, a surrogate endpoint is a measurement of laboratory or clinical signs of a disease or condition that substitutes for a direct measurement of how a patient feels, functions or survives. Surrogate endpoints can often be measured more easily or more rapidly than clinical endpoints. A drug candidate approved on this basis is subject to rigorous post-marketing compliance requirements, including the completion of Phase 4 or post-approval clinical trials to confirm the effect on the clinical endpoint. Failure to conduct required post-approval studies, or confirm a clinical benefit during post-marketing studies, will allow the FDA to withdraw approval of the drug such that accelerated approval is also referred to as U.S. “conditional” approval. Products granted accelerated approval also are subject to additional requirements for the pre-dissemination review by the FDA of proposed promotional materials both during the NDA review process and for 120 days after marketing approval.

In addition to the above, the FDA may designate an investigational product as a Breakthrough Therapy or as a Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy (“RMAT”), depending on the type of investigational product and its ability to meet applicable eligibility criteria. Breakthrough Therapy designation is a process designed to expedite

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the development and review of drugs that are intended to treat a serious condition and preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the drug may demonstrate substantial improvement over available therapy on a clinically significant endpoint(s). The RMAT designation requires similar eligibility criteria to be met, but it is available only to cell therapies, tissue therapies, and other products that meet the statutory definition of a “regenerative medicine therapy.” Specifically, a biological product is eligible for RMAT designation if: (a) the product candidate is a regenerative medicine therapy, which is defined in the FD&C Act as a cell therapy, therapeutic tissue engineering product, human cell and tissue product, or any combination product using such therapies or products, except for those regulated solely under the PHS Act (that is, excluding those biological products that are not also regulated as “drugs” under the FD&C Act); (b) the product candidate is intended to treat, modify, reverse, or cure a serious or life-threatening disease or condition; and (c) preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the product candidate has the potential to address unmet medical needs for such disease or condition. Both Breakthrough Therapy and RMAT designations are intended to help accelerate product development by allowing more frequent interactions with the FDA and receiving intensive FDA guidance on efficient drug development.

Pediatric Information

Under the Pediatric Research Equity Act (“PREA”), NDAs or BLAs or supplements to NDAs or BLAs must contain data that are adequate to assess the safety and effectiveness of the drug or biologic for the claimed indications in all relevant pediatric subpopulations and to support dosing and administration for each pediatric subpopulation for which the drug is safe and effective. Sponsors must also submit pediatric trial plans prior to the assessment data, and those plans must contain an outline of the proposed pediatric trial or trials the applicant plans to conduct, including trial objectives and design, any deferral or waiver requests and other information required by regulation. The applicant, the FDA, and the FDA’s internal review committee must then review the information submitted, consult with each other, and agree upon a final plan. The FDA or the applicant may request an amendment to the plan at any time. The FDA may grant full or partial waivers or deferrals for submission of data. Unless otherwise required by regulation, the pediatric data requirements do not apply to products with orphan designation, although the FDA has recently taken steps to limit what it considers abuse of this statutory exemption in PREA by announcing that it does not intend to grant any additional orphan drug designations for rare pediatric subpopulations of what is otherwise a common disease.

The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (“BPCA”) provides approved NDA and BLA holders a six-month extension of any exclusivity that attaches to the end of all existing marketing exclusivities and patents for the drug or biologic. Conditions for exclusivity include the FDA’s determination that information relating to the use of a new drug or biologic in the pediatric population may produce health benefits in that population, the FDA making a written request for pediatric studies, and the applicant agreeing to perform, and reporting on, the requested studies within the statutory timeframe. The data do not need to show the product to be effective in the pediatric population studied; rather, if the clinical trial is deemed to fairly respond to the FDA’s request, the additional protection is granted. If reports of requested pediatric studies are submitted to and accepted by the FDA within the statutory time limits, whatever statutory or regulatory periods of exclusivity or patent protection cover the product are extended by six months. Applications under the BPCA are treated as priority applications, with all of the benefits that designation confers.

Orphan Drugs

Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may designate a candidate as an orphan drug if it is intended to treat a rare disease or condition (generally meaning that it affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States). Orphan drug designation must be requested by an applicant before submitting an NDA or BLA for the relevant drug candidate. If the FDA grants orphan drug designation, the FDA will publicly disclose the generic identity of the drug candidate and its potential orphan use. Orphan drug designation does not convey any advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the regulatory review and approval process.

If a product with orphan status receives the first FDA approval for the disease or condition for which it has such designation, the product generally will receive orphan drug exclusivity. Orphan drug exclusivity means that the FDA may not approve any other applications for the same product for the same indication for seven years, except in certain limited circumstances comprising methods by which a second sponsor can demonstrate clinical superiority of its drug in comparison to the first approved orphan drug. Regardless of the orphan drug designation, a competitor may receive FDA approval for a different product (i.e., a different therapeutic agent from the orphan drug) for the same indication for which the orphan product has exclusivity and may obtain

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approval for the same product (i.e., the same therapeutic agent as the orphan drug) but for a different indication. If a designated orphan drug ultimately receives marketing approval for an indication broader than what was described in its orphan drug designation request, it may not be entitled to exclusivity under the Orphan Drug Act. Among the other benefits of orphan drug designation, the sponsor receives a waiver of the NDA or BLA application user fee and is eligible for tax credits for certain research (although the amount of this potential tax credit was decreased from 50% to 25% of qualified clinical testing expenses with the 2017 overhaul of the U.S. Tax Code, effective in 2018).

Post-Approval Requirements

Drugs and biological products manufactured, marketed or distributed pursuant to FDA approval decisions are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including, among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, periodic reporting, product sampling and distribution, advertising and promotion, and reporting of adverse experiences with the product. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to FDA review and approval before they can be implemented. There also are continuing, annual program fee requirements for any marketed, approved prescription products, as well as new application fees for supplemental applications.

In addition, drug manufacturers and other entities involved in the manufacture of approved drugs are required to register their facilities with the FDA and state agencies and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA for compliance with cGMP/cGTP requirements. Prescription drug distribution facilities are also subject to state licensure, including inspections, by the relevant local regulatory authority. Changes to the manufacturing process, specifications or container closure system for an approved drug or biologic are strictly regulated and often require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also require investigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP or cGTP and impose reporting and documentation requirements upon the sponsor and others involved in the product’s manufacturing process. We rely, and expect to continue to rely, on third parties for the production of clinical and commercial quantities of our products in accordance with cGMP regulations. These manufacturers must comply with cGMP regulations that require, among other things, quality control and quality assurance, the maintenance of records and documentation and the obligation to investigate and correct any deviations from cGMP. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain cGMP/cGTP compliance and ensure ongoing compliance with other statutory requirements the FD&C Act, such as the requirements for making manufacturing changes to an approved NDA or BLA.

Even after a new drug or biologic approval is granted, the FDA may withdraw that approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reaches the market. If a previously unknown problem, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturing processes, is discovered or the manufacturer fails to comply with regulatory requirements, the FDA may require revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; may impose additional post-market studies or clinical trials to assess new safety risks; or may impose distribution or other restrictions under a REMS program. Other potential consequences of regulatory non-compliance include, among other things:

•	restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of the product, complete withdrawal of the product from the market or product recalls;

•	fines, warning letters or holds on post-approval clinical trials;

•	refusal of the FDA to approve pending NDAs/BLAs or supplements to approved NDAs/BLAs, or suspension or revocation of product license approvals;

•	product seizure or detention, or refusal to permit the import or export of products;

•	injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;

•	consent degrees, corporate integrity agreements, debarment, or exclusion from federal health care programs; or

•	mandated modification of promotional materials and labeling and the issuance of corrective information.

The FDA strictly regulates marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of prescription drug and biological products that are placed on the market. Drugs may be promoted only for the approved indications and in

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accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agencies actively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off-label uses, and a company that is found to have improperly promoted off-label uses may be subject to significant penalties. In addition, the distribution of prescription pharmaceutical products is subject to a variety of federal and state laws, the most recent of which is still in the process of being phased into the U.S. supply chain and regulatory framework.

In addition, the distribution of prescription pharmaceutical products is subject to the Prescription Drug Marketing Act, or PDMA, which regulates the distribution of drugs and drug samples at the federal level and sets minimum standards for the registration and regulation of drug distributors by the states. Both the PDMA and state laws limit the distribution of prescription pharmaceutical product samples and impose requirements to ensure accountability in distribution. Most recently, the Drug Supply Chain Security Act, or DSCSA, was enacted with the aim of building an electronic system to identify and trace certain prescription drugs distributed in the United States, including most biological products. The DSCSA mandates phased-in and resource-intensive obligations for pharmaceutical manufacturers, wholesale distributors, and dispensers over a 10-year period that is expected to culminate in November 2023. From time to time, new legislation and regulations may be implemented that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the approval, manufacturing and marketing of products regulated by the FDA. It is impossible to predict whether further legislative or regulatory changes will be enacted, or FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations changed or what the impact of such changes, if any, may be.

Other Health Care Regulations

If our product candidates are approved in the United States, we will have to comply with various U.S. federal and state laws, rules and regulations pertaining to health care fraud and abuse, including anti-kickback laws and physician self-referral laws, rules and regulations. Violations of the fraud and abuse laws are punishable by criminal and civil sanctions, including, in some instances, exclusion from participation in federal and state health care programs, including Medicare and Medicaid. Other federal and state laws and regulations that could directly or indirectly affect our ability to operate the business and/or financial performance include:

•	state and local licensure, applicable to the processing and storage of human cells and tissues;

•	laws and regulations administered by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, including the Office for Human Research Protections and the Office of Inspector General;

•	state laws and regulations governing human subject research;

•	federal and state coverage and reimbursement laws and regulations, including laws and regulations administered by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and state Medicaid agencies;

•	the federal Medicare and Medicaid Anti-Kickback Law and similar state laws and regulations;

•	HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act and similar state laws and regulations;

•	the federal physician self-referral prohibition commonly known as the Stark Law, and state equivalents of the Stark Law;

•

the federal transparency requirements under the Physician Payments Sunshine Act that require manufacturers of FDA-approved drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies covered by Medicare or Medicaid to report, on an annual basis, to the Department of Health and Human Services information related to payments and other transfers of value physicians, teaching hospitals, and certain advanced non-physician health care practitioners and physician ownership and investment interests;

•	Occupational Safety and Health Administration requirements;

•	state and local laws and regulations dealing with the handling and disposal of medical waste; and

•	the Intermediate Sanctions rules of the IRS providing for potential financial sanctions with respect to “Excess Benefit Transactions” with tax-exempt organizations.

Some state laws require pharmaceutical companies to comply with the pharmaceutical industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines, or the relevant compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government, in addition to requiring drug manufacturers to report information related to payments to physicians and other health care

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providers or marketing expenditures to the extent that those laws impose requirements that are more stringent than the Physician Payments Sunshine Act. State and foreign laws also govern the privacy and security of health information in some circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and often are not preempted by HIPAA, thus complicating compliance efforts.

Japan’s Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Authority Regulation of Regenerative Medicine

Prior to 2014, there was no specific regulatory oversight of regenerative medicine products in Japan. However, in November 2013, the Japanese authorities revised the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law and renamed it the Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices, and Other Therapeutic Products Act (the “PMD Act”). The new legislation became effective on November 25, 2014 and provides for a timely introduction of innovative regenerative medicine products. The new legislation formalizes a legal basis for development of regenerative medicine therapies. The new legislation defines regenerative medicine products as processed human cells that are intended to be used for either (1) the reconstructive repair, or formation of structures or functions of the human body; (2) the treatment or prevention of human diseases; or (3) gene therapy.

The legislation allows the PMDA/Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (“MHLW”) to award conditional approval to a regenerative medicine therapy if there is evidence of adequate safety and results which predict likely efficacy. The evidence for efficacy may be based on surrogate endpoints and may come from an exploratory study. This conditional approval is time-limited, and there must be an agreement with PMDA/MHLW as to follow-up collection of information which confirms efficacy and safety, similar to a post-marketing commitment in the United States.

Under the PMD Act, products under consideration may also be given a SAKIGAKE designation (similar to an FDA “Breakthrough” or “RMAT” designation in certain respects) with a priority six month review period. Additionally, there is a commitment that the PMDA will facilitate research and development by giving scientific and regulatory advice to sponsors from the early stage of development.

According to the new legislation, the sponsor prepares a marketing authorization application which is submitted for review to the PMDA. The PMDA reviews the application and prepares a review report and recommendation which is submitted to the MHLW. The MHLW reviews the recommendation and makes a decision regarding approval of the product. This procedure is followed for both a conditional approval and subsequently for a full approval after the post-marketing commitments have been fulfilled.

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CEND BUSINESS

Overview

Cend Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly DrugCendR, Inc.) is a Delaware corporation, formed in October 2015 (“Cend” or “the Company”) and based in San Diego, California. Cend is focused on a tumor microenvironment (“TME”)-modifying approach to enable more effective treatment for a range of solid tumor cancers. Cend is advancing a pipeline of product and partnering opportunities based on the CendR Platform™ to potentially improve outcomes for patients with a range of solid tumor cancers that are currently poorly treated, representing high unmet medical needs.

Cend Approach

Many solid tumor cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (“PDAC”), gastric cancers and many other solid tumor cancers are surrounded by dense fibrotic tissue, or stroma. This limits the efficacy of current chemotherapies for these cancers. Emerging immunotherapy treatments, including checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T (“CAR-T”) cells, as well as nucleic acid-based therapies, such as short interfering RNA (“siRNA”), antisense, and messenger RNAs (“mRNAs”) face particular challenges in penetrating solid tumors. Many tumors also exhibit an immunosuppressive tumor immuno-microenvironment, which suppresses patients’ immune systems’ ability to fight their cancer and can limit effectiveness of immunotherapies. These factors negatively impact the ability of many therapeutic agents and immunotherapies to effectively treat these cancers.

Clinical progress with other approaches to address delivery to highly fibrotic tumors, such as PEGylated hyaluronidase and hedgehog inhibitors, has been limited by toxicity and side effects. CEND-1 has demonstrated favorable safety/tolerability and activity in clinical trials to enhance delivery of standard-of-care chemotherapy for PDAC. Cend and its collaborators have also amassed non-clinical data demonstrating enhanced delivery of a range of emerging anticancer therapies, including immunotherapies, and RNA-based therapeutics. CEND-1’s cancer-targeted delivery may enable such emerging treatment modalities to potentially more effectively treat a range of solid tumor cancers.

Patients in Cend’s PDAC Phase 1b clinical trial received CEND-1 plus standard gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane) therapy. CEND-1 was well tolerated and the combination generated a promising response rate as well as encouraging progression-free and overall survival results. Preliminary clinical results were presented at the European Society for Molecular Oncology meeting in 2020 and provided clinical validation of safety/tolerability and clinical utility. Full results from that study have been accepted for publication in a major medical journal in the third quarter of 2022. Cend and its collaborators have initiated a randomized Phase 2 trial in first-line (“1L”), metastatic PDAC (“mPDAC”) with CEND-1/gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel versus placebo/gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel. Enrollment has begun and the first patients have initiated treatment in the Phase 2b trial.

Over 20 scientific papers from laboratories all over the world provide non-clinical validation for Cend’s technology and suggest that CEND-1 can enhance antitumor activity of a variety of therapeutics in a variety of solid tumor types. The drugs that have been targeted to tumors in preclinical tumor models include siRNA, antisense, microRNAs, immunostimulatory oligonucleotides, chemotherapeutics, kinase inhibitors, antibodies,

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nanoparticle drugs, cytokines and even adoptive cell immunotherapies, indicating the potential broad applicability of CEND’s technology. Cend believes that the CendR Platform™ holds potential to improve the efficacy of a broad range of cancer therapies.

RNA-based therapies, including antisense, siRNA, microRNA and mRNA have faced particular delivery issues for solid tumor cancer applications. These drugs also encounter issues in non-specific binding to serum proteins as well as degradation by nucleases. Once taken up by cells, they may also become sequestered in endosomes that, in some cases, may keep them from reaching their targeted intracellular compartments in adequate concentrations. Cend’s Tumor-Penetrating Nanocomplex, or TPN technology platform utilized the same tumor-targeted tissue penetrating capabilities that CEND-1 has demonstrated in the clinic to enable effective delivery of nucleic acid-based drugs into solid tumors. In TPNs, these targeting moieties are combined with other elements to form nanocomplexes that self-assemble with RNA-based drugs to encapsulate them to protect from undesired serum protein binding and/or degradation. The TPN platform includes endosome-release moieties that can be employed for applications where release from such endosomes will enhance activity in other cellular compartments. TPN technology has been shown to enhance tumor-targeted delivery of constructs such as siRNA to the G12D mutant of K-Ras, which drives approximately 90% of PDAC, as well as other RNA-based drugs targeted to high interest anticancer tumor targets. With alternative CendR targeting moieties, it has also been used by Cend and its collaborators to deliver RNA-based drugs to immunomodulatory genes selectively targeting certain immune cells.

In 2021, Cend entered a license and collaboration agreement with a major pharmaceutical company in China, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., in which Qilu gained rights to CEND-1 for development and commercialization in Greater China. Under terms of the agreement, Cend received $10 million in up-front license fees and is eligible to receive development and commercial milestone payments up to $100 million and $125 million, respectively, tiered royalties on net sales in the Qilu territory ranging from 10% to 15%, and tiered sublicensing revenues ranging from 12% to 35%. The parties also have an active collaboration in which Qilu provides funding for development and regulatory activities within China.

Product	Indication	Status	Rights
CEND-1/gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel	Pancreatic cancer (1L mPDAC)	Phase 2b	Cend / Qilu (China)
CEND-1/FOLFIRINOX	Pancreatic cancer (Locally advanced/potentially resectable PDAC)	Phase 1b/2	Cend / Qilu (China)
CEND-1/FOLFIRINOX/ panitumumab (non-Ras mutated pts)	Colorectal and appendiceal cancers	Phase 1b/2	Cend / Qilu (China)
CEND1/gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel +/- anti-PD(L)1	Pancreatic cancer (1L mPDAC)	Phase 1b/2 expected to commence in fourth quarter of 2022	Cend / Qilu (China)
CEND-1/SoC	Solid tumor basket study	Phase 1b/2 expected to commence in first half of 2023	Cend / Qilu (China)
TPN	Solid tumor cancer(s)	Planning development	Cend

To fully exploit the CendR Platform™, Cend anticipates that it will enter into additional partnerships that may include significant upfront licensing fee, milestone and royalty revenues as well as research and development funding for Cend. In some circumstances, Cend may elect to enter joint venture or other strategic relationships with partners who possess complementary assets or capabilities. This approach enables Cend stakeholders to participate in broad application of Cend’s technology in a capital-efficient business model.

About CEND-1

CEND-1 is an investigational drug that modifies the TME. It is targeted to tumor vasculature by its affinity for alpha-v integrins that are selectively expressed in tumor, but not healthy tissue vasculature. CEND-1 is a cyclic internalizing RGD (“iRGD”) peptide that, once bound to these integrins, is cleaved by proteases expressed in

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tumors to release a peptide fragment, called a CendR fragment, which binds to a second receptor, called neuropilin-1, to activate a novel uptake pathway that allows anticancer drugs to more selectively penetrate solid tumors. The ability of CEND-1and iRGD peptides to modify the TME to enhance delivery and efficacy of co-administered drugs has been demonstrated in models of a range of solid tumors. Results from Cend, collaborators and research groups around the world have been the subject of over 200 scientific publications.

Clinical development

CEND-1 Phase 1b Data

Cend conducted its Phase 1b clinical trial on 29 evaluable first-line metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. The safety profile of CEND-1 combination regimen was similar to standard of care (“SoC”) alone. CEND-1 was shown to be well-tolerated with no-dose limiting toxicities. Favorable pharmacokinetic profile with median circulating half-life of ~2 hours. An Objective Response Rate (“ORR”) of fifty nine percent was observed, including a rare complete response, which compares favorably to the twenty three percent ORR observed in the “MPACT” clinical trial that served as the basis for approval of nab-paclitaxel for use in combination with gemcitabine for the treatment of first line, metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The Disease Control Rate (partial and complete responses plus stable disease) of over seventy nine percent was observed, which compares favorably to forty eight percent observed in the MPACT trial. Reduction in the level of circulating tumor biomarker CA19-1 was observed in ninety six percent of patients versus sixty one percent in the MPACT trial. Median progression-free survival of nearly ten months was observed and compares favorably to less than six months in the MPACT trial. Median overall survival of over thirteen months was observed and compares favorably to less than nine months in the MPACT trial.

Sales and Marketing

Target Market and Customers.

Cend’s initial target market for its drug delivery technology is expected to be the pancreatic cancer market, initially the enhancement of gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel combination chemotherapy with potential to expand for combination with other chemotherapy regimens as well as targeted therapies and immunotherapies. In terms of patient population, the potential market for CEND-1 includes 62,210 new pancreatic cancer patients per year in the U.S., as reported by the American Cancer Society, and 496,000 new cases per year and 466,000 deaths per year due to pancreatic cancer worldwide, as reported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

Production and Marketing Plan.

CEND-1 is manufactured via relationships with CDMO partners, who Cend believes possess sufficient scale and experience to cost-effectively address projected commercial demand.

Cend plans to commercialize via standard distribution relationships by itself or via partnerships to bring its products to cancer patients around the world.

Research and Development

Cend believes that there are many opportunities to leverage its expertise to develop new treatments for significant unmet medical needs. Cend will also continue to seek research and development synergies across all its programs and indications. Cend’s research and development accrued expenses were $65,000 and $174,000 in the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Cend’s research and development expenses were $1,291 and $3,200 in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

Competition

The commercialization of new drugs is competitive, and Cend may face worldwide competition from major pharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies and ultimately generic companies. Cend’s competitors may develop or market therapies that are more effective, safer or less costly than any that Cend is commercializing, or may obtain regulatory or reimbursement approval for their therapies more rapidly than Cend may obtain approval for those of Cend’s.

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Strategies that specifically aim at dealing with the stromal barrier in tumors by reducing the synthesis (inhibition of Notch signaling; (e.g. Olive et al., 2009; Provenzano et al., 2012)) and by increasing the degradation of the stroma (hyaluronidase treatment; Halozyme PEGPH20) would most directly compete with CEND-1, but have failed in the clinic. Cend’s technology is based on a different principle: CEND-1 targets its effects to tumor via affinity for integrins that are selectively expressed on tumor vasculature and initiates an active transport pathway that converts the stromal barrier into a drug conduit without destroying the surrounding tissue. It can also be used without the need to couple the drug to the targeting agent. Although effective in mouse cancer models, Notch inhibitors appear to have failed in human trials. Cend believes that these matrix remodeling methods lack the targeting aspect provided by CEND-1.

Tumor-targeted variations of cell-penetrating peptides, such as TAT, are a potential competing technology that does involve tumor targeting². However, as the cell-penetrating peptide lacks tumor specificity, Cend believes that these compounds are likely to be less specific for tumors than iRGD/CEND-1. Also, their cell internalization pathway is different from the CendR pathway used by iRGD³, and they have not been shown to possess the ability of the tumor-penetrating peptides to promote drug penetration without covalent coupling.

Intellectual Property

As of December 31, 2021, Cend had eight issued U.S. patents, seven U.S. patent applications pending, no U.S. trademark registrations and one trademark applications pending in the United States and other countries. Cend also licenses certain technologies from third parties on an exclusive basis in order to make, use and/or sell certain products in the United States and some foreign jurisdictions. Cend’s material issued U.S. patents generally expire between 2029 and 2030.

Cend’s success will significantly depend upon its ability to obtain and maintain patent and other intellectual property and proprietary protection for Cend’s drug candidates in the U.S. and internationally. In addition to trademarks and patents, Cend relies upon unpatented trade secrets, know-how, and continuing technological innovation to develop and maintain Cend’s competitive position. Cend protects its proprietary information, in part, using confidentiality agreements with its commercial partners, collaborators, employees and consultants and invention assignment agreements with its employees. Cend also has confidentiality agreements or invention assignment agreements with its commercial partners and selected consultants. Despite these measures, any of Cend’s intellectual property and proprietary rights could be challenged, invalidated, circumvented, infringed or misappropriated, or such intellectual property and proprietary rights may not be sufficient to permit Cend to take advantage of current market trends or otherwise to provide competitive advantages. In addition, such confidentiality agreements and invention assignment agreements can be breached and Cend may not have adequate remedies for any such breach. For more information, please see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Cend’s Intellectual Property.”

License Agreements

SBP Exclusive License Agreement. On December 1, 2015, Cend (then DrugCendR LLC) entered into an Exclusive License Agreement (the “SBP License Agreement”) with the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (“SBP”), a California not-for-profit, public benefit corporation based in San Diego, California. Pursuant to the SBP License Agreement, SBP licensed to Cend the exclusive right to use certain patents to further Cend’s research and development efforts. As partial consideration, Cend paid a license fee, and is obligated to pay SBP a royalty on sub-license revenues as well as royalty on net sales of identified products as well as development-based milestone payments (as defined therein).

Qilu Exclusive License Agreement. On February 11, 2021 (“Effective Date”), Cend and Qilu entered into an Exclusive License and Collaboration Agreement (“Qilu Agreement”) wherein Cend agreed to license to Qilu, certain patents and other rights relating to CEND-1 exclusively in the territory of the Greater Area of China (including China, Macau, Hong Kong and Taiwan, each a Region (collectively, the “Territory”)). Under the terms of the agreement, Cend received $10 million in up-front license fees and is eligible to receive developmental and commercial milestone payments up to $100 million and $125 million, respectively, tiered royalties on net sales in the Qilu territory ranging from 10% to 15%, and tiered sublicensing revenues ranging from 12% to 35%.

2	Myrdal et al., 2008; Savariar et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2014

3	Pang et al., 2014; 2015

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UC Exclusive Patent License Agreement. On March 9, 2021, Cend entered into an Exclusive License Agreement (the “UC License Agreement”) with the Regents of the University of California (“UC”). Pursuant to the UC License Agreement, UC licensed to Cend the exclusive right to use certain patents to further Cend’s research and development efforts. As partial consideration, Cend paid a license fee, and is obligated to pay UC a royalty on sub-license revenues as well as royalty on net sales of products as well as development-based milestone payments (as defined therein).

MIT Exclusive Patent License Agreement. On October 4, 2021, Cend entered into an Exclusive License Agreement (the “MIT License Agreement”) with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (“MIT”). Pursuant to the MIT License Agreement, MIT licensed to Cend the exclusive right to use certain patents to further Cend’s research and development efforts. As partial consideration, Cend paid a license fee, and is obligated to pay MIT a royalty on sub-license revenues as well as royalty on net sales of products as well as development-based milestone payments (as defined therein).

SBP Exclusive Patent License Agreement 2. On October 19, 2021, Cend entered into an Exclusive License Agreement (the SBP License Agreement 2) with the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (“SBP”), a California not-for-profit, public benefit corporation based in San Diego, California. Pursuant to the SBP License Agreement 2, SBP licensed to Cend the exclusive right to use certain patents to further Cend’s research and development efforts. As partial consideration, Cend paid a license fee, and is obligated to pay UC a royalty on sub-license revenues as well as royalty on net sales of products as well as development-based milestone payments (as defined therein).

Manufacturing

Cend relies on CDMOs to produce its drug candidates in accordance with cGMP, regulations for use in Cend’s preclinical and clinical trials. The manufacture of pharmaceuticals is subject to extensive cGMP regulations, which impose various procedural and documentation requirements and govern all areas of record keeping, production processes and controls, personnel and quality control.

To meet Cend’s projected needs for clinical supplies to support its activities through regulatory approval and commercial manufacturing, the CDMOs with whom Cend currently works currently possess the scale of production to support development and commercialization of CEND-1. Cend believes that there are multiple potential sources for its contract manufacturing. Cend retains the option to engage alternate suppliers in the event that its current CDMOs fail to scale production or are not cost competitive. Cend’s relationships with CDMOs are managed by personnel with extensive experience in pharmaceutical development and manufacturing.

If Cend is unable to obtain sufficient quantities of drug candidates or receive raw materials in a timely manner, Cend could be required to delay its ongoing clinical trials and seek alternative manufacturers, which would be costly and time-consuming.

Government Regulation and Approval

United States-FDA process

In the United States, the FDA regulates drugs. The FD&C Act and other federal and state statutes and regulations, govern, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, storage, recordkeeping, approval, labeling, promotion and marketing, distribution, post-approval monitoring and reporting, sampling, and import and export of drugs. To obtain regulatory approvals in the United States and in foreign countries, and subsequently comply with applicable statutes and regulations, Cend will need to spend substantial time and financial resources.

Approval process

The FDA must approve any new drug or a drug with certain changes to a previously approved drug before a manufacturer can market it in the United States. If a company does not comply with applicable United States requirements it may be subject to a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions, such as FDA refusal to approve pending applications, warning or untitled letters, clinical holds, drug recalls, drug seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, civil penalties, and criminal prosecution.

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The steps Cend must complete before it can market a drug include:

•	completion of preclinical laboratory tests, animal studies, and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA's good laboratory practice, or Good Laboratory Practice (“GLP”), regulations;

•	submission to the FDA of an Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application for human clinical testing, which must become effective before human clinical studies start. The sponsor must update the IND annually;

•	approval of the study by an independent IRB or ethics committee representing each clinical site before each clinical study begins;

•	performance of adequate and well-controlled human clinical studies to establish the safety and efficacy of the drug for each indication to the FDA's satisfaction;

•	submission to the FDA of a New Drug Application (“NDA”);

•	potential review of the drug application by an FDA advisory committee, where appropriate and if applicable;

•	satisfactory completion of an FDA inspection of the manufacturing facility or facilities to assess compliance with cGMP or regulations; and

•	FDA review and approval of the NDA.

It generally takes companies many years to satisfy the FDA approval requirements, but this varies substantially based upon the type, complexity, and novelty of the drug or disease. Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluation of a drug's chemistry, formulation, and toxicity, as well as animal trials to assess the characteristics and potential safety and efficacy of the drug. The conduct of the preclinical tests must comply with federal regulations and requirements, including GLP. The company submits the results of the preclinical testing to the FDA as part of an IND along with other information, including information about the product drug's chemistry, manufacturing and controls, and a proposed clinical study protocol. Long term preclinical tests, such as animal tests of reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity, may continue after submitting the initial IND.

The FDA requires a 30-day waiting period after the submission of each IND before the company can begin clinical testing in humans. The FDA may, within the 30-day time period, raise concerns or questions relating to one or more proposed clinical studies and place the study on a clinical hold. In such a case, the company and the FDA must resolve any outstanding concerns before the company begins the clinical study. Accordingly, the submission of an IND may or may not be sufficient for the FDA to permit the sponsor to start a clinical study. The company must also make a separate submission to an existing IND for each successive clinical study conducted during drug development.

Clinical studies

Clinical studies involve administering the investigational new drug to healthy volunteers or patients under the supervision of a qualified investigator. The company must conduct clinical studies:

•	in compliance with federal regulations;

•	in compliance with good clinical practice, or GCP, an international standard meant to protect the rights and health of patients and to define the roles of clinical study sponsors, administrators, and monitors; as well as

•	under protocols detailing the objectives of the trial, the safety monitoring parameters, and the effectiveness criteria.

The sponsoring company must submit each protocol involving testing on United States patients and subsequent protocol amendments to the FDA as part of the IND. The FDA may order the temporary, or permanent, discontinuation of a clinical study at any time, or impose other sanctions, if it believes that the sponsor is not conducting the clinical study in accordance with FDA requirements or presents an unacceptable risk to the

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clinical study patients. The sponsor must also submit the study protocol and informed consent information for patients in clinical studies to an institutional review board for approval. An IRB may halt the clinical study, either temporarily or permanently, for failure to comply with the IRB's requirements, or may impose other conditions.

Companies generally divide the clinical investigation of a drug into three or four phases. While companies usually conduct these phases sequentially, they are sometimes overlapped or combined.

•

Phase 1. The company evaluates the drug in healthy human subjects or patients with the target disease or condition. These studies typically evaluate the safety, dosage tolerance, metabolism and pharmacologic actions of the investigational new drug in humans, the side effects associated with increasing doses, and if possible, gain early evidence on effectiveness.

•	Phase 2. The company administers the drug to a limited patient population to evaluate dosage tolerance and optimal dosage, identify possible adverse side effects and safety risks, and preliminarily evaluate efficacy.

•

Phase 3. The company administers the drug to an expanded patient population, generally at geographically dispersed clinical study sites, to generate enough data to statistically evaluate dosage, clinical effectiveness and safety, to establish the overall benefit-risk relationship of the investigational drug, and to provide an adequate basis for product approval.

•

Phase 4. In some cases, the FDA may condition approval of an NDA for a drug on the company's agreement to conduct additional clinical studies after approval. In other cases, a sponsor may voluntarily conduct additional clinical studies after approval to gain more information about the drug. Cend typically refers to such post-approval studies as Phase 4 clinical studies.

A pivotal study is a clinical study that adequately meets regulatory agency requirements to evaluate a drug's efficacy and safety to justify the approval of the drug. Generally, pivotal studies are Phase 3 studies, but the FDA may accept results from Phase 2 studies if the study design provides a well-controlled and reliable assessment of clinical benefit, particularly in situations in which there is an unmet medical need and the results are sufficiently robust.

The FDA, the IRB, or the clinical study sponsor may suspend or terminate a clinical study at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. Additionally, an independent group of qualified experts organized by the clinical study sponsor, known as a data safety monitoring board or committee, may oversee some clinical studies. This group provides authorization for whether or not a study may move forward at designated checkpoints based on access to certain data from the study. Cend may also suspend or terminate a clinical study based on evolving business objectives and the competitive climate.

CEND-1 is currently in Phase 2b and that is expected to continue until 1H’2024. In parallel with that study, Cend and its partners are advancing additional clinical studies to explore additional solid tumor cancer applications and additional combination therapies including CEND-1. The Company and partners may also initiate registrational (Phase 3 or other) clinical trials to serve as a basis for filing for regulatory approvals in the U.S. and other geographies.

Submission of an NDA

After Cend completes the required clinical testing, Cend can prepare and submit an NDA to the FDA, who must approve the NDA before Cend can start marketing the drug in the United States. An NDA must include all relevant data available from pertinent preclinical and clinical studies, including negative or ambiguous results as well as positive findings, together with detailed information relating to the drug's chemistry, manufacturing, controls, and proposed labeling, among other things. Data can come from company-sponsored clinical studies on a drug, or from a number of alternative sources, including studies initiated by investigators. To support marketing authorization, the data Cend submit must be sufficient in quality and quantity to establish the safety and effectiveness of the investigational drug to the FDA's satisfaction.

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The cost of preparing and submitting an NDA is substantial. The submission of most NDAs is additionally subject to a substantial application user fee, and the manufacturer and/or sponsor under an approved new drug application are also subject to annual program user fees. The FDA typically increases these fees annually. Orphan drug designation entitles a party to financial incentives such as opportunities for grant funding towards clinical study costs, tax advantages, and user-fee waivers.

The FDA has 60 days from its receipt of an NDA to determine whether it will accept the application for filing based on the agency's threshold determination that the application is sufficiently complete to permit substantive review. Once the FDA accepts the filing, the FDA begins an in-depth review. The FDA has agreed to certain performance goals in the review of NDAs. Under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act, the FDA has a goal of responding to standard review NDAs within ten months after the 60-day filing review period, but this timeframe is often extended. The FDA reviews most applications for standard review drugs within ten to 12 months and most applications for priority review drugs within six to eight months. Priority review can be applied to drugs that the FDA determines offer major advances in treatment, or provide a treatment where no adequate therapy exists.

The FDA may also refer applications for novel drugs that present difficult questions of safety or efficacy, to an advisory committee. This is typically a panel that includes clinicians and other experts that will review, evaluate, and recommend whether the FDA should approve the application. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it generally follows such recommendations. Before approving an NDA, the FDA will typically inspect one or more clinical sites to assure compliance with GCP, and will inspect the facility or the facilities at which the drug is manufactured. The FDA will not approve the drug unless compliance with cGMP is satisfactory and the NDA contains data that provide evidence that the drug is safe and effective in the indication studied.

The FDA's decision on an NDA

After the FDA evaluates the NDA and the manufacturing facilities, it issues either an approval letter or a complete response letter. A complete response letter indicates that the FDA has completed its review of the application, and the agency has determined that it will not approve the application in its present form. A complete response letter generally outlines the deficiencies in the submission and may require substantial additional clinical data and/or other significant, expensive, and time-consuming requirements related to clinical studies, preclinical studies and/or manufacturing. The FDA has committed to reviewing resubmissions of the NDA addressing such deficiencies in two or six months, depending on the type of information included. Even if Cend submits such data the FDA may ultimately decide that the NDA does not satisfy the criteria for approval. Also, the government may establish additional requirements, including those resulting from new legislation, or the FDA's policies may change, which could delay or prevent regulatory approval of Cend’s drugs under development.

An approval letter authorizes commercial marketing of the drug with specific prescribing information for specific indications. As a condition of NDA approval, the FDA may require a REMS to help ensure that the benefits of the drug outweigh the potential risks. REMS can include medication guides, communication plans for healthcare professionals, special training or certification for prescribing or dispensing, dispensing only under certain circumstances, special monitoring, and the use of patient registries. The requirement for REMS can materially affect the potential market and profitability of the drug. Moreover, the FDA may condition approval on substantial post-approval testing and surveillance to monitor the drug's safety or efficacy. Once granted, the FDA may withdraw drug approvals if the company fails to comply with regulatory standards or identifies problems following initial marketing.

Changes to some of the conditions established in an approved application, including changes in indications, labeling, or manufacturing processes or facilities, require submission and FDA approval of a new NDA or NDA supplement before Cend can implement the change. An NDA supplement for a new indication typically requires clinical data similar to that in the original application, and the FDA uses the same procedures and actions in reviewing NDA supplements as it does in reviewing new NDAs. As with new NDAs, the FDA often significantly extends the review process with requests for additional information or clarification.

Post-approval requirements

The FDA regulates drugs that are manufactured or distributed pursuant to FDA approvals and has specific requirements pertaining to recordkeeping, periodic reporting, drug sampling and distribution, advertising and

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promotion and reporting of adverse experiences with the drug. After approval, the FDA must provide review and approval for most changes to the approved drug, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed drugs and the establishments who manufacture its drugs, as well as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data.

In some cases, the FDA may condition approval of an NDA for a drug on the sponsor's agreement to conduct additional clinical studies after approval. In other cases, a sponsor may voluntarily conduct additional clinical studies after approval to gain more information about the drug. Such post-approval studies are typically referred to as Phase 4 clinical studies.

Drug manufacturers are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and state agencies for compliance with cGMP requirements. There are strict regulations regarding changes to the manufacturing process, and, depending on the significance of the change, it may require prior FDA approval before Cend can implement it. FDA regulations also require investigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting and documentation requirements upon Cend and any third-party manufacturers that Cend may decide to use. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP and other aspects of regulatory compliance.

The FDA may withdraw approval if a company does not comply with regulatory requirements and maintain standards or if problems occur after the drug reaches the market. If a company or the FDA discovers previously unknown problems with a drug, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, issues with manufacturing processes, or the company's failure to comply with regulatory requirements, the FDA may revise the approved labeling to add new safety information; impose post-marketing studies or other clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or impose distribution or other restrictions under a REMS program. Other potential consequences may include:

•	restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of the drug, complete withdrawal of the drug from the market or drug recalls;

•	fines, warning letters or holds on post-approval clinical studies;

•	the FDA refusing to approve pending NDAs or supplements to approved NDAs, or suspending or revoking of drug license approvals;

•	drug seizure or detention, or refusal to permit the import or export of drugs; or

•	injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.

The FDA strictly regulates marketing, labeling, advertising, and promotion of drugs that are placed on the market. Drugs may be promoted only for the approved indications and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agencies actively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off-label uses. Cend could be subject to significant liability if it violated these laws and regulations.

Orphan drug designation

CEND-1 has been granted both Orphan Drug and Fast Track Designations by the FDA for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The Company plans to file for similar designations for additional indications and in additional geographies.

The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States, or if it affects more than 200,000 individuals in the United States, there is no reasonable expectation that the cost of developing and making the drug for this type of disease or condition will be recovered from sales in the United States.

Orphan drug designation entitles a party to financial incentives such as opportunities for grant funding towards clinical study costs, tax advantages, and user-fee waivers. In addition, if a drug receives FDA approval for the indication for which it has orphan designation, the drug may be entitled to orphan drug exclusivity, which means the FDA may not approve any other application to market the same drug for the same indication for a period of seven years, except in limited circumstances, such as a showing of clinical superiority over the drug with orphan exclusivity.

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Pediatric information

Under the Pediatric Research Equity Act, or PREA, NDAs or supplements to NDAs must contain data to assess the safety and effectiveness of the drug for the claimed indications in all relevant pediatric subpopulations and to support dosing and administration for each pediatric subpopulation for which the drug is safe and effective. The FDA may grant full or partial waivers, or deferrals, for submission of data. Unless otherwise required by regulation, PREA does not apply to any drug for an indication for which the FDA has granted an orphan designation.

Healthcare reform

In the United States and foreign jurisdictions, the legislative landscape continues to evolve. There have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes to the healthcare system that could affect its future results of operations. In particular, there have been and continue to be a number of initiatives at the United States federal and state levels that seek to reform the way in which healthcare is funded and reduce healthcare costs. In March 2010, the PPACA was enacted, which includes measures that have significantly changed health care financing by both governmental and private insurers. The provisions of PPACA of importance to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry are, among others, the following:

•	an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports certain branded prescription drugs agents, apportioned among these entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;

•	an increase in the rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13% of the average manufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;

•

a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% (and 70% starting January 1, 2019) point-of-sale discounts to negotiated prices of applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for the manufacturer's outpatient drugs to be covered under Medicare Part D;

•	extension of manufacturers' Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed care organizations, unless the drug is subject to discounts under the 340B drug discount program;

•

expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals and by adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the Federal Poverty Level, thereby potentially increasing manufacturers' Medicaid rebate liability;

•	expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program;

•	expansion of healthcare fraud and abuse laws, including the Federal False Claims Act and the federal Anti-Kickback Statue, new government investigative powers and enhanced penalties for noncompliance;

•

new requirements under the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act for drug manufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfers of value made to physicians and teaching hospitals as well as ownership or investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members; and

•	new requirement to annually report certain drug samples that manufacturers and distributors provide to licensed practitioners, or to pharmacies of hospitals or other healthcare entities.

Some of the provisions of the PPACA have yet to be implemented, and there have been judicial and Congressional challenges to certain aspects of the PPACA, as efforts to repeal or replace certain aspects of the PPACA. Since January 2017, President Trump signed two Executive Orders and other directives designed to delay the implementation of certain provisions of the PPACA or otherwise circumvent some of the requirements for health insurance mandated by the PPACA. Concurrently, Congress has considered legislation that would repeal or repeal and replace all or part of the PPACA. While Congress has not passed comprehensive repeal legislation, two bills affecting the implementation of certain taxes under the PPACA have been signed into law. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 includes a provision repealing, effective January 1, 2019, the tax-based

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shared responsibility payment imposed by the PPACA on certain individuals who fail to maintain qualifying health coverage for all or part of a year that is commonly referred to as the “individual mandate”. Additionally, on January 22, 2018, President Trump signed a continuing resolution on appropriations for fiscal year 2018 that delayed the implementation of certain PPACA-mandated fees, including the so-called “Cadillac” tax on certain high cost employer-sponsored insurance plans, the annual fee imposed on certain health insurance providers based on market share, and the medical device excise tax on non-exempt medical devices. Further, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, among other things, amends the PPACA, effective January 1, 2019, to increase from 50 percent to 70 percent the point-of-sale discount that is owed by pharmaceutical manufacturers who participate in Medicare Part D and to close the coverage gap in most Medicare drug plans, commonly referred to as the “donut hole”. More recently, in July 2018, CMS published a final rule permitting further collections and payments to and from certain PPACA qualified health plans and health insurance issuers under the PPACA risk adjustment program in response to the outcome of federal district court litigation regarding the method CMS uses to determine this risk adjustment.

In addition, other health reform measures have been proposed and adopted in the United States since PPACA was enacted. For example, as a result of the Budget Control Act of 2011, as amended, providers are subject to Medicare payment reductions of 2% per fiscal year through 2027 unless additional Congressional action is taken. Further, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 reduced Medicare payments to several providers and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments from providers from three to five years.

Employees

As of March 31, 2022, Cend had three employees, all of whom were full-time employees.

Facilities

Cend’s corporate headquarters are located in San Diego, California. Cend plans to add facilities in the future as it continues to build its research, development, commercial, and support teams.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, Cend may be involved in various claims and legal proceedings relating to claims arising out of its operations, in the normal course of business. Cend is currently a party to one pending legal proceeding.

On April 28, 2022, Lingmed, LTD, a limited liability corporation with its principal place of business in Shanghai, China (“Lingmed”), filed a complaint in the Superior Court of California, San Diego against Cend, Harri Järveläinen (Cend’s Chief Operating Officer) and various unnamed defendants alleging breach of contract, fraud and declaratory relief. Pursuant to a May 2020 contract between Lingmed and Cend (the “Lingmed Agreement”), between May 2020 and August 2020, Lingmed acted as Cend’s exclusive agent in China for the purpose of identifying potential partners and assisting in negotiating deals, including licensing arrangements and research collaborations for the development of CEND-1 in China. Lingmed alleges that it established the first contact between Cend and Qilu and that pursuant to the Lingmed Agreement, this should have triggered payments to Lingmed when Cend entered into the Qilu Agreement. Lingmed is seeking interest, costs, punitive damages and other relief the court deems proper. Cend management believes this suit is without merit and intends to vigorously defend against the action. Additionally, Cend has filed a cross-complaint seeking declaratory relief that it owes no further payments to Lingmed based on discussions Cend had with Qilu prior to entering into the Lingmed Agreement and thus Lingmed did not establish the first contact between the companies. Regardless of outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on Cend because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

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CALADRIUS MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

References in this section to “we,” “our,” “us,” or “Caladrius” generally refer to Caladrius and its subsidiaries. The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the section entitled “Summary Historical and Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Data—Selected Historical Financial Data of Caladrius” and the financial statements of Caladrius and accompanying notes, each appearing elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. This discussion of the Caladrius financial condition and results of operations contains certain statements that are not strictly historical and are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and involve a high degree of risk and uncertainty. Actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements due to other risks and uncertainties that exist in Caladrius’ operations, development efforts and business environment, including those set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Caladrius” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement, the other risks and uncertainties described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement and the other risks and uncertainties described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. All forward-looking statements included in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement are based on information available to Caladrius as of the date hereof, and Caladrius assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statement.

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Forward-Looking Statements” herein and under “Risk Factors” in our 2021 Form 10-K. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement and in our 2021 Form 10-K and subsequent filings with the SEC.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the development and commercialization of cellular therapies designed to reverse disease and/or promote the regeneration of damaged tissue. We are developing first-in-class therapeutics based on the characteristics of naturally occurring CD34+ cells and their ability to stimulate the growth of new microvasculature. Our technology leverages these cells to enable the body’s natural repair mechanisms using formulations unique to each medical indication.

Our leadership team has decades of collective biopharmaceutical product development experience in a variety of therapeutic categories. Our goal is to develop and commercialize products that address important unmet medical needs based on a broad and versatile portfolio of candidates. Our current product candidates include:

•	XOWNA® (CLBS16), the subject of both a completed positive Phase 2a study (ESCaPE-CMD) and an ongoing follow on Phase 2b study (FREEDOM Trial) in the United States for the treatment of coronary microvascular dysfunction (“CMD”);

•

HONEDRA® (CLBS12), recipient of SAKIGAKE designation and eligible for early conditional approval in Japan for the treatment of critical limb ischemia (“CLI”) and Buerger’s disease is being sought based on the current results of a clinical trial executed in Japan. CLBS12 was the recipient of orphan drug designation in March 2021 from the FDA for Buerger’s disease; and

•	CLBS201, the subject of a study designed to assess the safety and efficacy of CD34+ cell therapy as a treatment for patients with chronic kidney disease related to type 2 diabetes (diabetic kidney disease or “DKD”).

In addition, we also desire to diversify our pipeline of development product candidates and are exploring a range of strategic transactions in furtherance of that goal. We have taken, and intend to continue to take, active steps to identify diligence-suitable assets and/or companies that would complement and de-risk our current development programs. Such assets could potentially include indications beyond cardiovascular as well as product categories outside of cell therapy and transactions could include an acquisition, merger, business combination, in-license or

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other strategic transaction, any of which could result in the issuance of securities that could significantly dilute the shares of our existing stockholders. There can be no assurance that this exploration of strategic alternatives will result in us entering into or completing any transaction or that such transaction, if completed, will add to shareholder value.

Cend Merger

On April 26, 2022, we, Merger Sub, and Cend entered into the Merger Agreement, pursuant to which, among other matters, and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into Cend, with Cend continuing as our wholly owned subsidiary and the surviving corporation of the merger. The Merger is intended to qualify for federal income tax purposes as a tax-free reorganization under the provisions of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

Subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, at the closing of the Merger, (a) each outstanding share of Cend common stock and Cend preferred stock will be converted into the right to receive a number of shares of our common stock (“Caladrius Common Stock”) equal to an exchange ratio calculated pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement; and (b) each outstanding Cend stock option that has not previously been exercised prior to the closing of the Merger will be assumed by us.

Under the exchange ratio formula, as of immediately after the Merger, the former Cend stockholders are expected to own approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock and our stockholders as of immediately prior to the Merger are expected to own approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock. The actual allocation will be subject to adjustment based on our net cash balance at the time of closing and the amount of any transaction expenses of Cend in excess of $250,000 at the time of Closing.

Consummation of the Merger is subject to certain closing conditions, including, among other things, approval by the stockholders of Caladrius and Cend, and Caladrius’ satisfaction of a minimum net cash threshold at closing, expected to be approximately $69.9 million assuming a closing at the end of the third quarter of 2022, and as described further in the Merger Agreement. In accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, (i) certain executive officers, directors and stockholders of Cend (solely in their respective capacities as Cend stockholders) holding approximately 77.5% of the outstanding Cend Capital Stock (excluding shares held by Caladrius) have entered into support agreements with Caladrius to vote all of their shares of Cend Capital Stock in favor of adoption of the Merger Agreement (the “Cend Support Agreements”) and (ii) certain executive officers and directors of Caladrius (solely in their respective capacities as Caladrius Stockholders) holding approximately 1.8% of the outstanding Caladrius Common Stock have entered into support agreements with Cend to vote all of their shares of Caladrius Common Stock in favor of approval of the Merger Agreement (the “Caladrius Support Agreements,” together with the Cend Support Agreements, the “Support Agreements”). The Support Agreements include covenants with respect to the voting of such shares in favor of approving the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement and against any competing Acquisition Proposals and place certain restrictions on the transfer of the shares of Caladrius and Cend held by the respective signatories thereto.

Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, certain officers and directors of Caladrius holding approximately 1.8% of the outstanding Caladrius Common Stock and certain officers, directors and stockholders of Cend holding approximately 77.5% of the Cend Capital Stock have entered into lock-up agreements (the “Lock-Up Agreements”) pursuant to which they accepted certain restrictions on transfers of shares of Caladrius Common Stock for the 120-day period following the closing of the Merger.

The Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights for both us and Cend, and further provides that, upon termination of the Merger Agreement under specified circumstances, we may be required to pay Cend a termination fee of $1.0 million, Cend may be required to pay us a termination fee of $4.0 million, or in some circumstances reimburse the other party’s expenses up to a maximum of $1.0 million.

At the Effective Time of the Merger, the board of directors of the combined company is expected to consist of nine members, four of whom will be designated by us, four of whom will be designated by Cend and one member who will be mutually agreed between us and Cend.

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Cend Investment and Collaboration Agreement

In order to provide Cend with capital for its development programs prior to the closing of the Merger, we and Cend entered into a Series D Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which we agreed to purchase from Cend 1,135,628 shares of Series D Preferred Stock, $0.00001 par value per share (the “Series D Preferred Stock”), of Cend at a purchase price per share equal to $8.8057 per share (the “Series D Original Issue Price”), or approximately $10 million in the aggregate. The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and agreements by us and Cend and customary conditions to closing. The Series D Preferred Stock ranks senior to Cend’s common stock and the other series of preferred stock with respect to rights on the distribution of assets on any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Cend. The Series D Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference equal to the Series D Original Issue Price plus an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid dividends to the date of payment and will participate with Cend’s common stockholders and other preferred stockholders thereafter on an as-converted basis, except in connection with the Merger. The Series D Preferred Stock shall vote with the common stock on an as-converted basis on any matters presented to the stockholders of Cend. Each share of Series D Preferred Stock is convertible, at the option of the holder thereof, into such number of shares of Cend common stock as is determined by dividing the Series D Original Issue Price by the conversion price in effect at the time of conversion, which conversion price shall be the Series D Original Issue Price as appropriately adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, and subdivisions of Cend common stock, and as adjusted pursuant to a weighted-average antidilution adjustment. The Series D Preferred Stock will automatically convert into shares of Cend common stock upon the closing of a firm-commitment underwritten initial public offering implying a pre-equity offering value of at least $250 million, resulting in at least $50 million of gross proceeds to Cend.

In connection with the Purchase Agreement, we and Cend entered into a Collaboration Agreement (the “Collaboration Agreement”), pursuant to which we agreed to collaborate with Cend on certain developmental and clinical activities prior to the closing of the Merger. Under the Collaboration Agreement, we and Cend agreed to form a joint steering committee (the “Committee”) comprised of individuals from both entities. The Committee is required to meet regularly and be responsible for monitoring ongoing studies and making recommendations for development activity and trial planning. Cend has agreed to pay each member of the Committee from Caladrius an hourly consulting fee for such service.

Ischemic Repair (CD34 Cell Technology)

XOWNA® for Treatment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

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Conference on May 14, 2020 by Dr. Timothy Henry, FACC, of the Christ Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio. In December 2020, we commenced enrollment in our Phase 2b FREEDOM Trial of XOWNA®, a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of intracoronary artery delivery of autologous CD34+ cells in subjects with CMD and without obstructive coronary artery disease. While early enrollment proceeded to plan with the first patient treated in January 2021, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to a general slowing of enrollment, including supply chain disruptions affecting the availability of qualified catheters used in the diagnosis of CMD and/or administration of XOWNA®. Protocol amendments to the initial FREEDOM Trial protocol, as agreed to by the FDA, were implemented with the goal of enhancing breadth and speed of subject enrollment.

HONEDRA® for Treatment of Critical Limb Ischemia

Our randomized, open-label, registration-eligible study of HONEDRA® in Japan for the treatment of CLI and Buerger’s disease has, to date, demonstrated positive trends in both safety and efficacy. The HONEDRA® study’s enrollment, however, has been significantly curtailed by the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact in Japan, including the States of Emergency in Japan that have persisted for much of 2020 and 2021. Due to the significant and continued operational and financial burden incurred as a result of these COVID-19 delays, coupled with the unpredictability of the timing of site enrollment re-initiation, we suspended further enrollment and are focusing our efforts on consummating a partnership for the product in Japan. Such a partnership may become the basis for the completion of development and registration of HONEDRA® in Japan and may include the completion of enrollment of the four remaining no-option CLI subjects stipulated in the original protocol, if necessary, and/or exploration of submitting the existing data to Japan’s Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (“PMDA”) under Japan’s regenerative medicine regulations, which allow for conditional approval of innovative regenerative medicine products. Despite receipt from FDA in March 2021 of orphan designation in the United States for CLBS12 as a potential treatment for Buerger’s disease, based on a response from the FDA in October 2021 regarding a development plan for U.S. registration, we have decided not to pursue U.S. development in Buerger’s disease at this time.

CLBS201 for Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease

Progressive kidney failure is associated with attrition of the microcirculation of the kidney. Pre-clinical studies in kidney disease and injury models have demonstrated that protection or replenishment of the microcirculation results in improved kidney function. Based on these observations, we have elected to move forward with a Phase 1b, open-label, proof-of-concept trial evaluating CLBS201 dosed via intra-renal artery injections in subjects with DKD. This protocol is expected to include six subjects in total with the first two subjects sequentially dosed and followed for a two-week safety observation period. Clearance by an independent Data Safety Monitoring Board (“DSMB”) overseeing the study will then permit the treatment of the next four patients, with all patients being followed for safety and therapeutic effect. A read-out of data will occur after the six-month follow-up visit for all patients. A key criterion for continued development of CLBS201 will be our ability to demonstrate a therapeutic effect that will make it competitive in the field of DKD treatment, i.e., kidney function regeneration, as indicated by increased glomerular filtration rate. As announced recently, the Company has treated the first patient in the CLBS201 proof-of-concept study and targets treatment completion for all six subjects during the third quarter of 2022.

Additional Out-licensing Opportunities and Pipeline Diversification

Our broad intellectual property portfolio of cell therapy assets includes notable programs available for out-licensing in order to continue their clinical development. Our current long-term strategy focuses on advancing our therapies through development with the ultimate objective of obtaining market authorizations and entering commercialization, either alone or with partners, to provide treatment options to patients suffering from life-threatening medical conditions. We believe that we are well-positioned to realize potentially meaningful value increases within our own proprietary pipeline if we are successful in advancing our product candidates to their next significant development milestones.

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product categories outside of cell therapy. The range of possible transactions includes an acquisition, merger, business combination, in-license or other strategic transaction, any of which could result in the issuance of securities that could significantly dilute the shares of our existing stockholders. There can be no assurance that this exploration of strategic alternatives will result in us entering into or completing any transaction or that such transaction, if completed, will add to shareholder value.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to present substantial public health and economic challenges around the world, and to date has led to the implementation of various responses, including government-imposed quarantines, stay-at-home orders, travel restrictions, mandated business closures and other public health safety measures.

We continue to closely monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of our business, including how it has and will continue to impact our operations and the operations of our suppliers, vendors and business partners, and may take further precautionary and preemptive actions as may be required by federal, state or local authorities. In addition, we have taken steps to minimize the current environment’s impact on our business and strategy, including devising contingency plans and securing additional resources from third party service providers. For the safety of our employees and families, we implemented a universal work from home policy as well as stringent social distancing and other hygiene policies for employees when they must be in the office. Our clinical study of HONEDRA® in Japan has experienced significant delays in enrollment due to the States of Emergency in effect in Japan for most of 2020 and 2021 covering Tokyo and other regions in response to an increased number of COVID-19 infections. With our expectation that COVID-19 in Japan would continue to impact negatively enrollment of patients in the HONEDRA® clinical trial, we elected to suspend trial enrollment, seek a development partner and consult with the Japanese regulatory authorities regarding the submission of patient data already accrued. In addition, our Phase 2b trial of XOWNA® in the United States has also experienced delays in enrolling patients as a result of COVID-19.

Beyond its impact on our development pipeline described above, the extent to which COVID-19 ultimately impacts our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which remain highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the duration of the outbreak, the emergence of new variants, new information that may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 or the effectiveness of actions taken to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, including vaccination campaigns, among others. If we or any of the third parties with whom we engage, however, were to experience any additional shutdowns or other prolonged business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materially or negatively affected, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. It is possible that our clinical development timelines could continue to be negatively affected by COVID-19, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “Risk Factors” in our 2021 Form 10-K for additional discussion of the potential adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2021

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022	2021	Change
Operating Expenses:
Research and development	$3,278	$5,076	$(1,798)
General and administrative	3,342	3,010	332
Total operating expenses	6,620	8,086	(1,466)
Loss from operations	(6,620)	(8,086)	1,466
Total other (expense) income	(85)	23	(108)
Benefit from income taxes	(2,479)	—	2,479
Net loss	$(4,226)	$(8,063)	$3,837

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Overall, net losses were $4.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to $8.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Operating Expenses

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, operating expenses totaled $6.6 million compared to $8.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, representing a decrease of 18%. Operating expenses comprised the following:

•

Research and development expenses were approximately $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to $5.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, representing a decrease of $1.8 million or 35%. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in expenses associated with manufacturing startup costs and process development expenses for our XOWNA® Phase 2b study (the FREEDOM Trial). Research and development in both periods focused on the advancement of our ischemic repair platform and related to:

○	expenses associated with our XOWNA® Phase 2b study (the FREEDOM Trial) which commenced in the fourth quarter of 2020 with the first patient in the study treated in January 2021;

○

ongoing registration-eligible study expenses for HONEDRA® in critical limb ischemia in Japan which focused on patient enrollment completion. The study’s enrollment has been significantly curtailed by the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact in Japan, including the States of Emergency that have persisted there for most of 2020 and 2021. Due to the significant and continued operational and financial burden incurred as a result of these COVID-19 delays, coupled with the complete unpredictability of the timing of site enrollment re-initiation, we will focus our efforts on consummating a partnership with a Japanese company in order to complete the study enrollment as well as to explore the possibility of submitting the existing data to PMDA under the SAKIGAKE designation;

○

expenses associated with the preparation of our filing of an IND and study start-up expenses for the clinical study of CLBS201 for treatment of diabetic kidney disease. A Phase 1b, open-label, proof-of-concept trial which commenced in the first quarter of 2022 with the first patient in the study treated in April 2022. The trial is expected to include six subjects in total with enrollment completion targeted during the third quarter of 2022.

•

General and administrative expenses were approximately $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to $3.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, representing an increase of 11%. This increase was primarily due to an increase in fees associated with the review of potential strategic transactions. Our general and administrative expenses focus on general corporate-related activities.

Historically, to minimize our use of cash, we have used a variety of equity and equity-linked instruments to compensate employees, consultants and other service providers. The use of these instruments has resulted in charges to the results of operations, which have been significant in the past.

Other Income (Expense)

Total other income (expense) is comprised of investment income on cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and a loss on sale of $0.1 million related to the sale of our New Jersey net operating losses (“NJ NOLs”).

Income Tax Benefit

In February 2022, we received final approval from the New Jersey Economic Development Authority (“NJEDA”) under the Technology Business Tax Certificate Transfer Program (“Program”) to sell a percentage of our NJ NOLs, which were subsequently sold to a qualifying and approved buyer pursuant to the Program for net proceeds of $2.3 million. The $2.5 million of our NJ NOL tax benefits have been recorded as a benefit from income taxes and the loss on sale of $0.1 million recorded in other income (expense).

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Year Ended December 31, 2021 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2020

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2021	2020	Change
Operating Expenses:
Research and development	$17,680	$9,253	$8,427
General and administrative	11,370	9,892	1,478
Total operating expenses	29,050	19,145	9,905
Loss from operations	(29,050)	(19,145)	(9,905)
Total other income (expense)	76	132	(56)
Benefit from income taxes	(1,508)	(10,872)	(9,364)
Net loss	$(27,466)	$(8,141)	$(19,325)

Overall, net losses were $27.5 million and $8.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Operating Expenses

For the year ended December 31, 2021, operating expenses totaled $29.1 million compared to $19.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, representing an increase of $9.9 million or 52%. Operating expenses comprise the following:

•

Research and development expenses were approximately $17.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to $9.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, representing an increase of approximately $8.4 million, or 91%. This increase was primarily due to an increase in expenses associated with the enrollment of our XOWNA® Phase 2b study (the FREEDOM Trial). Research and development in both periods focused on the advancement of our ischemic repair platform and related to:

○	expenses associated with our XOWNA® Phase 2b study (the FREEDOM Trial) which commenced in the fourth quarter of 2020 with the first patient in the study treated in January 2021;

○

ongoing registration-eligible study expenses for HONEDRA® in CLI in Japan which focused on patient enrollment completion. The study’s enrollment has been significantly curtailed by the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact in Japan, including the States of Emergency that have persisted there for over 18 months. Due to the significant and continued operational and financial burden incurred as a result of these COVID-19 delays, coupled with the complete unpredictability of the timing of site enrollment re-initiation, we have suspended enrollment efforts and will focus on consummating a partnership with a Japanese company in order to complete the study enrollment as well as to explore the possibility of submitting the existing data to PMDA under the SAKIGAKE designation; and

○	expenses associated with the preparation for filing an IND for the clinical study of CLBS201 for treatment of DKD. A Phase 1, open-label, proof-of-concept trial has been initiated recently and is expected to include six subjects in total.

•

General and administrative expenses were approximately $11.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $9.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, representing an increase of approximately $1.5 million, or 15%. This increase was primarily due to an increase in directors and officers insurance premiums and strategic consulting expenses. Our general and administrative expenses focus on general corporate-related activities.

Historically, to minimize our use of cash, we have used a variety of equity and equity-linked instruments as compensation to employees, consultants, directors and other service providers. The use of these instruments has resulted in charges to the results of operations, which has been significant in the past.

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Other Income (Expense)

Total other income (expense) is comprised primarily of investment income on cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and a loss on sale of $0.1 million related to the sale of our New Jersey net operating losses (“NJ NOLs”).

Income Tax Benefit

In April 2020, we received approval from the New Jersey Economic Development Authority (“NJEDA”) to participate in the Technology Business Tax Certificate Transfer Program (the “Program”), whereby we qualified to sell a percentage of its New Jersey net operating losses (“NJ NOLs”). We subsequently sold a portion of our NJ NOLs to a qualifying and approved buyer pursuant to the Program for net proceeds of $10.9 million.

In April 2021, we received final approval from the NJEDA under the Program to sell a portion of our NJ NOLs, which subsequently were sold to a qualifying and approved buyer pursuant to the Program for net proceeds of $1.4 million. The $1.5 million of our NJ NOL tax benefits have been recorded as a benefit from income taxes and the loss on sale of $0.1 million recorded in other income (expense).

Analysis of Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2022, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of approximately $88.5 million, working capital of approximately $87.9 million, and stockholders’ equity of approximately $88.5 million.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we met our immediate cash requirements through existing cash balances. Additionally, we used equity and equity-linked instruments to pay for services and compensation.

Net cash used in or provided by, operating, investing and financing activities were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022	2021
Net cash used in operating activities	$(5,642)	$(7,975)
Net cash used in investing activities	(6,090)	(65,090)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(168)	85,297

Net cash provided by or used in operating, investing and financing activities were as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2021	2020
Net cash used in operating activities	$(22,245)	$(8,823)
Net cash used in investing activities	(54,896)	(7,277)
Net cash provided by financing activities	85,276	18,580

Operating Activities

Our cash used in operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $5.6 million, which is comprised of (i) our net loss of $4.2 million, adjusted for non-cash expenses totaling $1.3 million (which includes adjustments for equity-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, and amortization/accretion of marketable securities), and (ii) changes in operating assets and liabilities using approximately $2.7 million.

Our cash used in operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $8.0 million, which is comprised of (i) our net loss of $8.1 million, adjusted for non-cash expenses totaling $0.9 million (which includes adjustments for equity-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, and amortization/accretion of marketable securities), and (ii) changes in operating assets and liabilities using approximately $0.8 million.

Our cash used in operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 totaled approximately $22.2 million, comprising (i) our net loss of $27.5 million, as adjusted for non-cash income and expenses totaling $4.6 million (which includes adjustments for equity-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, and amortization/accretion of marketable securities), and (ii) changes in operating assets and liabilities of approximately $0.6 million.

Our cash used in operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 totaled approximately $8.8 million, which is the sum of (i) our net loss of $8.1 million, as adjusted for non-cash income and expenses

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totaling $1.6 million (which includes adjustments for equity-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, and amortization/accretion of marketable securities), and (ii) changes in operating assets and liabilities of approximately $2.3 million.

Investing Activities

Our cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2022 totaled $6.1 million and was primarily due to net purchases of marketable securities (net of sales of marketable securities).

Our cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2021 totaled $65.1 million and was primarily due to net purchases of marketable securities (net of sales of marketable securities).

Our cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 totaled approximately $54.9 million and was primarily due to net purchases of marketable securities (net of sales of marketable securities).

Our cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 totaled approximately $7.3 million and was primarily due to net purchases of marketable securities (net of sales of marketable securities).

Financing Activities

Our cash used in financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2022 totaled $0.2 million, consisted of tax withholding-related payments on net share settlement equity awards to employees.

Our cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2021 totaled $85.3 million, primarily consisted of (i) net proceeds of $23.1 million through the issuance of common shares and warrants in our January 2021 private placement, (ii) net proceeds of $1.8 million in connection with warrant exercises, (iii) net proceeds of $60.6 million through the issuance of common shares and warrants in both of our February 2021 registered direct offerings, which was partially offset by tax withholding-related payments on net share settlement equity awards to employees.

Our cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily consisted of (i) net proceeds of $23.1 million through the issuance of common shares and warrants in our January 2021 private placement, (ii) net proceeds of $1.8 million in connection with warrant exercises, (iii) net proceeds of $60.6 million through the issuance of common shares and warrants in both of our February 2021 registered direct offerings which was partially offset by tax withholding-related payments on net share settlement equity awards to employees.

Our cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily consisted of (i) net proceeds of $4.5 million through the issuance of common shares and warrants in our April 2020 registered direct offering, (ii) net proceeds of $3.8 million through the issuance of common shares and warrants in our May 2020 registered direct offering, and (iii) net proceeds of $1.9 million through the issuance of common shares and warrants in our July 2020 private placement offering, and (iv) net proceeds of $8.4 million through the issuance of common shares under our common stock sales agreement with HCW, which was partially offset by tax withholding-related payments on net share settlement equity awards to employees.

Liquidity and Capital Requirements Outlook

To meet our short and long-term liquidity needs, we expect to use existing cash balances and a variety of other means. Other sources of liquidity could include additional potential issuances of debt or equity securities in public or private financings, partnerships and/or collaborations and/or sale of assets. Our history of operating losses and liquidity challenges may make it difficult for us to raise capital on acceptable terms or at all. The demand for the equity and debt of biopharmaceutical companies like ours is dependent upon many factors, including the general state of the financial markets. During times of extreme market volatility, capital may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. Our inability to obtain such additional capital could materially and adversely affect our business operations. We will also continue to seek, as appropriate, grants for scientific and clinical studies from various governmental agencies and foundations, and other sources of non-dilutive funding. We believe that our cash on hand will enable us to fund operating expenses for at least the next 12 months following the issuance of our financial statements, absent any impact from the Merger, if consummated. Our

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future capital requirements are difficult to forecast and will depend on many factors, including our ability to consummate the Merger; if the Merger is not completed, the timing and nature of any other strategic transactions that we undertake; and our ability to establish and maintain collaboration partnerships, in-license/out-license or other similar arrangements and the financial terms of such agreements.

In order to provide Cend with capital for its development programs prior to the closing of the Merger, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we purchased 1,135,628 shares of Series D Preferred Stock of Cend for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $10.0 million.

On June 4, 2021, we entered into an At The Market Offering Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“HCW”), as sales agent, in connection with an “at the market offering” under which we from time to time may offer and sell shares of our common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million. On February 18, 2022, we received a deficiency notice from Nasdaq informing us that we are not in compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. As such, we will not be able to sell shares under the ATM Agreement until we regain compliance, if ever. As of March 31, 2022, we had not issued any shares under the ATM Agreement. HCW is only obligated to make sales when we are in compliance with all Nasdaq listing standards.

In December 2021, we received preliminary approval from the NJEDA to participate in the NJ Technology Business Tax Certificate Transfer Program (the “Program”). The Program permits qualified companies to sell a percentage of their NJ NOLs to unrelated profitable corporations. On February 22, 2022, we received final approval from NJEDA to sell $2.5 million of our NJ NOL tax benefits, which were subsequently sold to a qualifying and approved buyer pursuant to the Program for net proceeds of $2.3 million.

While we continue to seek capital through a number of means, there can be no assurance that additional financing will be available on acceptable terms, if at all, and our negotiating position in capital generating efforts may worsen as existing resources are used. Additional equity financing may be dilutive to our stockholders; debt financing, if available, may involve significant cash payment obligations and covenants that restrict our ability to operate as a business; our stock price may not reach levels necessary to induce option or warrant exercises; and asset sales may not be possible on terms we consider acceptable. If we are unable to access capital necessary to meet our long-term liquidity needs, we may have to delay the expansion of our business or raise funds on terms that we currently consider unfavorable.

Seasonality

We do not believe that our operations are seasonal in nature.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to those reported in our 2021 Form 10-K.

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CEND MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read together with Cend’s financial statements, accompanying notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. This Management’s Discussion and Analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Cend’s actual results may differ materially from those anticipated or projected in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors.

Additional information on factors relating to such statements is included in this proxy statement under the headings “Cautionary Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” on page 105. Additional information on certain risk factors applicable to Cend’s business, financial condition and results of operations is included in this proxy statement under the heading “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Cend” beginning on page 58. Operating results are not necessarily indicative of results that may occur in future periods. All forward-looking statements included in this proxy statement are based on information available to Cend as of the date hereof, and Cend assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statement.

Overview

Cend Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly DrugCendR, Inc.) is a Delaware corporation, formed in October 2015 (“Cend” or “the Company”) and based in San Diego, California. Cend is focused on a tumor microenvironment (“TME”)-modifying approach to potentially enable more effective treatment for a range of solid tumor cancers. Cend is advancing a pipeline of product and partnering opportunities based on the CendR Platform™ to potentially improve outcomes for patients with a range of solid tumor cancers that are currently poorly treated, representing high unmet medical needs.

To address the tumor stroma’s role as a primary impediment to effective treatment, Cend’s approach activates a natural transport system that normally brings nutrients into a tissue under emergency situations such as an injury. Cancers highjack this system to promote their own growth. Cend’s lead investigational drug, CEND-1 (an internalizing R-G-D or iRGD peptide) activates this transport system in a tumor-specific manner. This results in tumors taking up systemically administered anticancer drugs as if they were nutrients. As a result, more drug accumulates in the tumor than would accumulate without CEND-1, while normal tissues are not affected. Moreover, the drugs penetrate tumor cells further away from blood vessels with CEND-1 than without. The overall result is enhanced anticancer activity without an increase in side effects. Anticancer drugs can be coupled or conjugated to CEND-1 or other CendR peptides in Cend’s portfolio, but can be also simply given together with CEND-1. Cend believes that the co-administration option is an advantage because it is not necessary to create a new chemical entity with its attendant regulatory hurdles, providing a potentially faster-to-clinic and potentially faster-to-market product opportunity for a range of solid tumor cancers and for co-administration with a range of therapies. CEND-1 has also been shown to selectively deplete certain immunosuppressive cell types in tumors wherein the TME is dominated by such immunosuppressive cells, hampering the patients’ immune systems’ and immunotherapies’ abilities to fight disease. Cend plans to explore its potential for combination therapy with immunotherapies. As part of the CendR Platform™, Cend is also conducting preclinical research on a tumor-penetrating nanocomplex (“TPN”) technology that may enable nucleic acid-based drugs, such as antisense, siRNA or mRNA, to more effectively treat solid tumor cancers, which Cend believes may bring earlier stage product and partnership opportunities.

Since Cend’s formation in October 2015, it has devoted substantially all of its resources to conducting research and development activities, including drug discovery, preclinical studies and clinical trials, including developing CEND-1, building and maintaining its intellectual property portfolio, developing third-party manufacturing

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capabilities, business planning, raising capital and providing general and administrative support for such operations. Cend has experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities since its inception, aside from the year ended December 31, 2021, as a result of a one-time license payment and a milestone payment from the Exclusive License and Collaboration Agreement with Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (“Qilu”), which rendered net income in 2021. As of March 31, 2022, the Company had cash of $4.7 million and an accumulated deficit of $11.6 million. Management expects that expenses and operating losses will increase as Cend conducts ongoing preclinical studies and planned clinical trials, continues research and development activities, utilizes third parties to manufacture drug product and related raw materials, hires additional personnel, and protects its intellectual property. Cend does not have any products approved for sale, and it has not generated any revenue from commercial product sales.

As of May 20, 2022, the issuance date of Cend’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021, Cend expects that its cash balance, as well as the proceeds received from the Purchase Agreement would enable it to fund its operating expense and capital requirements into the first quarter of 2023. The future viability of Cend is largely dependent on its ability to generate cash from operating activities and to raise additional capital to finance its operations. Cend’s failure to raise capital as needed would have a negative impact on its financial condition and its ability to continue to pursue its business strategies. Accordingly, if the Merger described below does not occur, there is substantial doubt about Cend’s ability to continue as a going concern as Cend does not believe that its cash will be sufficient to fund operations for at least twelve months from the date of issuance of these financial statements.

Recent Developments

The Merger

On April 26, 2022, Cend entered into the Merger Agreement with Caladrius and Merger Sub. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, among other matters, and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into Cend, with Cend continuing as a wholly owned subsidiary of Caladrius and the surviving corporation of the Merger. The Merger Agreement and the Merger were approved by the members of the Cend Board of Directors.

Subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, at the closing of the Merger, (a) each outstanding share of Cend common stock and Cend preferred stock will be converted into the right to receive a number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock at the Exchange Ratio described below; and (b) each outstanding Cend stock option that has not previously been exercised prior to the closing of the Merger will be assumed by Caladrius.

Under the Exchange Ratio formula in the Merger Agreement, as of immediately after the Merger, Cend’s former stockholders are expected to own approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock and stockholders of Caladrius as of immediately prior to the Merger are expected to own approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock. The actual allocation will be subject to adjustment based on Caladrius’ net cash balance at the time of closing and the amount of any transaction expenses of Cend in excess of $250,000 at the time of closing.

Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement and in order to provide the Company with capital for its development programs prior to the closing of the Merger, Caladrius and the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which Caladrius agreed to purchase from Cend 1,135,628 shares of Series D Preferred Stock, $0.00001 par value per share (the “Series D Preferred Stock”), of Cend at a purchase price per share equal to $8.8057 per share (the “Series D Original Issue Price”), or approximately $10.0 million in the aggregate. The Series D Preferred Stock ranks senior to the Company’s common stock and the other series of preferred stock with respect to rights on the distribution of assets on any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. The Series D Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference equal to the Series D Original Issue Price plus an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid dividends to the date of payment and will participate with the Company’s common stockholders and other preferred stockholders thereafter on an as-converted basis, except in connection with the Merger. The Series D Preferred Stock votes with the common stock on an as-converted basis on any matters presented to the stockholders of Cend. Each share of Series D Preferred Stock is convertible, at the option of the holder thereof, into such number of shares of Cend common stock as is determined by dividing the Series D Original Issue Price by the conversion price in effect at the time of conversion, which conversion price is initially the Series D Original Issue Price, as appropriately adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, and subdivisions of

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Cend common stock, and as adjusted pursuant to a weighted-average antidilution adjustment. The Series D Preferred Stock will automatically convert into shares of Cend common stock upon the closing of a firm-commitment underwritten initial public offering implying a pre-equity offering value of at least $250.0 million, resulting in at least $50.0 million of gross proceeds to Cend. The closing of the Merger is subject to certain conditions, including, among other things, approval by the stockholders of Caladrius and Cend, and Caladrius’ satisfaction of a minimum net cash threshold at closing of $69.9 million assuming a closing at the end of the third quarter of 2022, and as described further in the Merger Agreement. In accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, (i) certain executive officers, directors and stockholders of the Company (solely in their respective capacities as Cend stockholders) holding approximately 77.5% of the outstanding Cend Capital Stock (excluding shares held by Caladrius) have entered into support agreements with Caladrius to vote all of their shares of Cend Capital Stock in favor of adoption of the Merger Agreement (the “Cend Support Agreements”) and (ii) certain executive officers and directors of Caladrius (solely in their respective capacities as Caladrius Stockholders) holding approximately 1.8% of the outstanding Caladrius Common Stock have entered into support agreements with Cend to vote all of their shares of Caladrius Common Stock in favor of approval of the Merger Agreement (the “Caladrius Support Agreements,” together with the Cend Support Agreements, the “Support Agreements”). The Support Agreements include covenants with respect to the voting of such shares in favor of approving the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement and against any competing acquisition proposals and place certain restrictions on the transfer of the shares of Caladrius and Cend held by the respective signatories thereto.

The Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights for both Caladrius and the Cend, and further provides that, upon termination of the Merger Agreement under specified circumstances, Caladrius may be required to pay Cend a termination fee of $1.0 million, and Cend may be required to pay Caladrius a termination fee of $4.0 million, or in some circumstances reimburse the other party’s expenses up to a maximum of $1.0 million.

Business Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The global coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, pandemic continues to evolve, and Cend will continue to monitor the COVID-19 situation. The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Cend’s business, operations and clinical timelines and plans remains uncertain, and will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak and its impact on CROs, third-party manufacturers, and other third parties with whom Cend does business, as well as its impact on regulatory authorities and key scientific and management personnel. The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or a similar health epidemic is highly uncertain and subject to change. To the extent possible, Cend is conducting business as usual, with only advisable modifications to employee travel. Cend will continue to actively monitor the situation related to COVID-19 and may take further actions that alter its operations, including those that may be required by federal, state or local authorities, or that are determined to be in the best interests of Cend employees and other third parties with whom Cend does business with. At this point, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may affect Cend’s business, operations and clinical timelines and plans, including the resulting impact on Cend’s expenditures and capital needs, remains uncertain and is subject to change.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

In February 2021, Cend entered into an Exclusive License and Collaboration Agreement (the “Qilu Agreement”) in which Cend granted an exclusive license to Qilu for the development and commercialization of CEND-1 in the Territory. Under the terms of the agreement, Qilu is solely responsible for the development of CEND-1 in its Territory. In consideration for the license, Qilu made a one-time, non-refundable, non-creditable upfront payment of $10 million to Cend. Cend is also eligible to receive developmental and commercial milestone payments up to $100 million and $125 million, respectively, tiered royalties on net sales ranging from 10% to 15%, and tiered sublicensing revenues ranging from 12% to 35%.

Under the terms of the Qilu Agreement, Qilu was also required to file an Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”) and receive approval by the National Medical Products Administration in the People’s Republic of China in the Territory within 12 months of the effective date of the arrangement, which would result in a $5 million milestone payment. Qilu was also required to dose its first patient in a Phase I clinical trial in the Territory within six months of the acceptance of the IND, subject to certain extensions, or Cend would have had

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the option to terminate the Qilu Agreement. In August of 2021, Qilu achieved the regulatory milestone, and Cend received the $5 million milestone payment. Qilu also dosed its first patient within the six-month period.

The Company may also earn an additional $1 million upon completing process optimization and scale up activities and delivering three validation batches of CEND-1 in full commercial scale by Qilu or its subcontractor (the “Technology Transfer”). After completing the Technology Transfer, Qilu will be responsible for manufacturing CEND-1 for use in subsequent clinical trials. In the event the Company and its contract manufacturers fail to complete the process optimization and scale up activities, Qilu would have the right to manufacture CEND-1 using its independent manufacturing process and would have no obligation to pay the Technology Transfer milestone payment. Prior to the completion of the Technology Transfer, the Company has agreed to supply CEND-1 to Qilu at cost.

Unless earlier terminated, the Qilu Agreement will continue in effect until the expiration of all Qilu payment obligations. Either party may terminate the Qilu Agreement if an undisputed material breach by the other party is not cured within a defined period of time, or upon notice for insolvency-related events of the other party that are not discharged within a defined time period. Qilu may terminate the Qilu Agreement in its entirety, at any time with at least sixty days written notice. All rights and obligations of Qilu with respect to such licensed patents and patent applications would terminate at such time.

Under the framework of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”), Cend identified two performance obligations, which was the delivery of the license, and a material right related to the supply of CEND-1 prior to the completion of the Technology Transfer. At the onset of the Qilu Agreement, the Technology Transfer was only an option of Qilu and Cend further determined the fee for the Technology Transfer approximated the standalone selling price and therefore the option would not represent a material right and accordingly, did not represent a performance obligation at the onset of the arrangement. Cend recognized $9.7 million in revenue upon delivery of the license to Qilu in February 2021. Cend initially deferred $0.3 million in revenue for the material right, which will subsequently be recognized as revenue as the clinical supply is delivered.

In August 2021, Cend received $5.0 million from Qilu upon achievement of the first development milestone. In December 2021 and in March of 2022, Cend provided Qilu with clinical supply material and recognized revenue of $51,000 and $178,000, respectively.

As of March 31, 2022, the Technology Transfer had not been completed and no payment had been made by Qilu. Additionally, all remaining future development and sales milestones (variable consideration) were fully constrained and will only be recognized upon achievement of the milestones.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses.

Research and development expenses, which consist primarily of costs associated with Cend’s research and development efforts, are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of:

•	employee related costs, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expense for employees engaged in scientific research and development functions;

•	third-party contract costs relating to research, formulation, manufacturing, nonclinical studies and clinical trial activities;

•	external costs of outside consultants who assist with technology development, regulatory affairs and clinical development; and

•	payments made under Cend’s third-party licensing agreements.

Costs for certain activities, such as manufacturing, nonclinical studies and clinical trials are generally recognized based on the evaluation of the progress of completion of specific tasks using information and data provided by Cend’s vendors and collaborators. Research and development expenses are presented net of reimbursement received related to refundable research and development tax credits from the Australian government.

Research and development activities are central to Cend’s business. Cend expects to increase its investment in research and development in order to advance its lead product candidate through clinical trials, and to advance additional product candidates derived from the CendR Platform™. As a result, Cend expects that its research and

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development expenses will increase substantially in the foreseeable future as it continues to invest in research and development activities and pursues clinical development of its lead product candidate.

The process of commercialization and conducting the necessary preclinical and clinical research to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time-consuming. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials. Accordingly, to the extent that Cend’s lead product candidate continues to advance into clinical trials, including larger and later-stage clinical trials, Cend’s expenses will increase substantially and may become more variable. Cend may never succeed in achieving marketing approval for any of Cend’s product candidates. Cend anticipates it will make determinations as to which other programs, if any, to pursue and how much funding to direct to each program on an ongoing basis in response to the development and regulatory success of its lead product candidate, and ongoing assessments as to of the lead candidate’s commercial potential. Successful development of any future product candidates is highly uncertain and may not result in approved products. At this time, Cend cannot reasonably estimate or know the nature, timing and estimated costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the development of its lead product candidates or additional product candidates it may pursue. Cend is also unable to predict when, if ever, material net cash inflows will commence from sales of its product candidates. The duration, costs and timing of clinical trials and further product development will depend on a variety of factors, including:

•	the scope, rate of progress and expense of clinical trials and other research and development activities;

•	clinical trial results;

•	uncertainties in clinical trial enrollment rate or design;

•	significant and changing government regulation;

•	the timing and receipt of any regulatory approvals;

•	the FDA’s or other regulatory authority’s influence on clinical trial design;

•	establishing commercial manufacturing arrangements with third-party manufacturers;

•	commercializing Cend’s product candidates, if and when approved, whether alone or in collaboration with others;

•	obtaining and maintaining patent and trade secret protection and regulatory exclusivity for Cend’s product candidates;

•	continued applicable safety profiles of the products following approval; and

•	retention of key research and development personnel.

A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of a product candidate could significantly change the costs, timing and viability associated with the development of that product candidate. For example, if the FDA, or another regulatory authority were to require Cend to conduct clinical trials beyond those that Cend currently anticipates will be required for the completion of clinical development of a product candidate, or if Cend experiences significant delays in enrollment in any of its clinical trials, Cend could be required to expend significant additional financial resources and time on the completion of clinical development.

In-process research and development expenses.

In-process research and development expenses include rights acquired as part of asset acquisitions or in-licenses to develop and commercialize product candidates. Upfront payments that relate to the acquisition of a new drug compound, as well as pre-commercial milestone payments, are immediately expensed as in-process research and development in the period in which they are incurred, provided that the new drug compound did not also include processes or activities that would constitute a “business” as defined under U.S.GAAP, the drug has not achieved regulatory approval for marketing and, absent obtaining such approval, has no established alternative future use.

In-process research and development expenses consist primarily of 1,345,699 shares of Cend’s Series C convertible preferred stock issued to Impilo Therapeutics, Inc. (“Impilo”), the University of California San

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Diego (“UCSD”) and Sanford Burnham Prebys (“SBP”) in connection with the development stage assets acquired from Impilo and licenses obtained from SBP and UCSD. In-process research and development expenses also consist of 81,000 shares of Cend common stock issued pursuant to a license with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (“MIT”).

General and Administrative Expenses.

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related benefits, including stock-based compensation, related to Cend’s executive, finance, and other corporate functions. Other general and administrative expenses include professional fees for legal, auditing, tax and business consulting services, insurance costs, intellectual property and patent costs, facility costs and travel costs. Cend expects that general and administrative expenses will increase in the future as Cend expands its operating activities. Additionally, if Cend completes the Merger, the combined company will incur significant additional expenses associated with being a public company, that Cend did not incur as a privately-held company, including costs (i) to comply with the rules and regulations of the SEC and those of the Nasdaq, (ii) for legal, accounting and other expenses, (iii) for additional insurance, (iv) for investor relations activities and (v) for other administrative and professional services.

Other Income (Expense).

Other income (expense) consists of the interest income earned on cash held by Cend.

Income Taxes.

Since its formation in 2015, Cend has not recorded any U.S. federal or state income tax expense, aside from U.S. federal income tax expense of $0.2 million recorded during the year ended December 31, 2021, as a result of a one-time license payment and a milestone payment from Qilu. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had state and foreign net operating losses, or NOL, carryforwards of approximately $4.3 million and $1.3 million, respectively. The state NOLs will begin to expire in 2036 unless previously utilized. The foreign NOLs will carryforward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had state research credit carryforwards of approximately $48,000 that will carryforward indefinitely.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2022

The following table summarizes Cend’s results of operations for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,		Increase (Decrease)
	2021	2022	Increase (Decrease)
Net revenues	$9,736	$178	$ (9,558)
Operating expenses:
Research and development	3,200	1,291	(1,909)
Acquired in process research & development	520	—	(520)
General and administrative	237	316	79
Total operating expenses	3,957	1,607	(2,350)
Operating income (loss)	5,779	(1,429)	(7,208)

Net income (loss) before taxes	$5,779	$ (1,429)	$(7,208)
Income tax expense	192	—	(192)
Consolidated net income (loss)	$5,587	$ (1,429)	$ (7,016)

Income allocable to participating securities	(2,166)	—	2,166
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders	$3,421	$ (1,429)	$ (4,850)

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Revenue.

Revenue from the delivery of clinical supply material is recognized in the period the clinical supply material is delivered. License revenue is recognized from non-refundable, upfront fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the licensee and the licensee is able to use and benefit from the license. No clinical supply material was delivered to Qilu during the three months ended March 31, 2021. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, Cend recognized $9.7 million in revenue associated with the upfront license fee paid by Qilu. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, Cend delivered clinical supply material to Qilu totaling $0.2 million. Clinical supply revenue amounts can vary from period to period depending on the needs of Cend’s license partner. Future revenue associated with development and commercial milestone payments are uncertain and will only be recognized upon notification of achievement from Qilu.

Research and development expenses.

Research and development expenses were $3.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of $1.9 million. The decrease was primarily driven by a $2.5 million decrease in sublicense fees as no related revenue was recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2022, offset by $0.6 million of net increases in research and development expenses with consultants, clinical research organizations, and employee related costs.

In-process research and development expenses.

In-process research and development expenses were $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and related to 66,545 shares of Series C convertible preferred stock issued in connection with a technology license with UCSD.

General and administrative expenses.

General and administrative expenses were $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, an increase of $0.1 million. The change was primarily driven by increased legal, insurance, employee related and stock-based compensation expenses, partially offset by a decrease in consulting and travel expenses.

Income tax expense.

Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $0.2 million and was primarily driven by the revenue and resulting income associated with the upfront license fee paid by Qilu. There was no income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

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Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021

The following table summarizes Cend’s results of operations for the periods indicated: (in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31,		Increase (Decrease)
	2020	2021	Increase (Decrease)
Net revenues	$—	$ 14,787	$14,787

Operating expenses:
Research and development	1,555	8,148	6,593
Acquired in process research & development	6,572	1,584	(4,988)
General and administrative	598	1,150	552
Total operating expenses	8,725	10,882	2,157
Operating income (loss)	(8,725)	3,905	12,630

Other income (expense)
Interest income	5	4	(1)
Total other income (expense), net	5	4	(1)
Net income (loss) before taxes	$(8,720)	$3,909	$ 12,629
Income tax expense	—	170	170
Consolidated net income (loss)	$(8,720)	$3,739	$12,459

Income allocable to participating securities	—	(1,466)	(1,466)
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders	$(8,720)	$2,273	$ 10,993

Revenues.

There was no revenue recognized for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to revenues of $14.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. License revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021, was $9.7 million, development milestone revenue was $5.0 million, and revenue related to the delivery of clinical supply material was $51,000.

Research and development expenses.

Research and development expenses were $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of $6.5 million. The increase was primarily due to $3.8 million of sublicense fees incurred as a result of the license and development milestone revenue recognized in connection with the Qilu Agreement. The increase was all due to a $2.4 million increase in research and development expenses incurred with clinical research organizations, third parties to manufacture drug product and related raw materials, and an increase in employee and consulting related costs.

General and administrative expenses.

General and administrative expenses were $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of $0.6 million. The change was primarily driven by increased consulting, legal, travel, recruitment, employee related costs and stock-based compensation expense.

Income tax expense.

There was no Income tax expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2020 and was $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The income tax expense during the year ended December 31, 2021, was primarily driven by the revenue and resulting income associated with the upfront license fee paid by Qilu.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Cend has no products approved for commercial sale and has not generated any revenue from commercial product sales. Cend has incurred operating losses in each year since inception, aside from the year ended December 31,

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2021, as a result of a one-time license payment and a milestone payment from Qilu. As a result, Cend will need substantial additional financing to support its continuing operations. Until such time that Cend can generate significant revenue from product sales, if ever, Cend expects to finance its operations through a combination of public or private equity offerings, debt financings, or other sources, which may include collaborations with third parties. Arrangements with collaborators or others may require Cend to relinquish rights to certain of its technologies or product candidates. The amount and timing of Cend’s future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including the pace and results of its development efforts. In addition, Cend may never successfully complete development of any of its product candidates, obtain adequate patent protection for its technology, obtain necessary regulatory approval for its product candidates or achieve commercial viability for any approved product candidates. Adequate additional financing may not be available to Cend on acceptable terms, or at all. Cend’s failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on its financial condition and ability to pursue its business strategy. Cend will need to generate significant revenue to achieve profitability and may never do so.

Cend had an accumulated deficit of $10.2 million as of December 31, 2021, and $11.6 million as of March 31, 2022. Cend’s net loss was $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Cend’s losses have resulted principally from costs incurred in connection with research and development activities and general and administrative costs associated with its operations. Cend does not expect to generate meaningful revenue from product sales for the foreseeable future, and Cend expects to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future due to the cost of research and development, including identifying and designing product candidates and conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, and the regulatory approval process for its product candidates. Cend expects its expenses, and the potential for losses, to increase substantially as it conducts clinical trials of its lead product candidate.

Sources of Liquidity

Cend has historically funded its operations primarily through the sale of its common stock, Series A preferred stock, Series B preferred stock, and proceeds from collaborators. From its inception in October 2015 through March 31, 2022, Cend has received aggregate gross proceeds of $5.8 million from the sale of its common stock and convertible preferred stock.

As of December 31, 2021, and March 31, 2022, Cend had cash and cash totaling $6.3 million and $4.7 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes Cend’s sources and uses of cash for each of the periods presented below (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,		Year Ended December 31,
	2021	2022	2020	2021
Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities	$9,332	$(1,597)	$(818)	$5,689
Investing activities	—	—	(12)	—
Financing activities	—	—	—	—
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	1	25	(15)	(85)
Net increase (decrease) in cash	$9,333	$(1,572)	$(845)	$5,604

Cash Flows

Net cash provided by (used) in operating activities

Cend’s net cash provided by or used in operating activities primarily results from Cend’s net income or loss adjusted for non-cash expenses and changes in working capital components. The cash flows from operating activities will continue to be affected by spending to advance and support Cend’s product candidate and other operating and general administrative activities.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, operating activities provided cash of $9.3 million, primarily as the result of net income of $5.6 million, an increase in working capital liabilities of $3.1 million, primarily driven by

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the increase in accrued expenses for the accrual of the sublicense fees due to SBP on the Qilu Agreement, and $0.6 million in non-cash expenses related to stock-based compensation of $0.1 million and in-process research and development expenses for the issuance of Series C preferred stock in connection with a technology license with UCSD of $0.5 million.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, operating activities used cash of $1.6 million, primarily as the result of a net loss of $1.4 million, in addition to an increase in working capital of $0.3 million, offset by $0.1 million in non-cash expenses related to stock-based compensation.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, operating activities used cash of $0.8 million, primarily as the result of a net loss of $8.7 million, offset by an increase in working capital liabilities of $0.7 million, primarily driven by an increase in the Australian income tax benefit receivable, and offset by $7.2 million in non-cash expenses related to stock-based compensation of $0.6 million and in-process research and development expenses for the issuance of Series C preferred stock in connection with the asset acquisition of Impilo of $6.6 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, operating activities provided cash of $5.7 million, primarily as the result of net income of $3.7 million an increase in working capital liabilities of $0.2 million, and $1.8 million in non-cash expenses related to stock-based compensation of $0.4 million and in-process research and development expenses for the issuance of Series C preferred stock in connection with a technology license with UCSD and SBP of $1.1 million and common stock in connection with a technology license with and MIT of $0.3 million.

Net cash used in investing activities

There were no cash flows from investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2021 or 2022.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, investing activities used $12,000 of cash relating to acquired in-process research and development assets. There were no cash flows from investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

There were no cash flows from financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2021 or 2022.

There were no cash flows from financing activities during the years ended December 31, 2020 or 2021.

Future Capital Requirements

Cend has not generated any revenue from commercial product sales. Cend does not know when, or if, it will generate any revenue from commercial product sales. Cend does not expect to generate any revenue from commercial product sales unless and until Cend obtains regulatory approval for and commercializes any of its product candidates. At the same time, Cend expects its expenses to increase in connection with its ongoing development and third-party manufacturing activities, particularly as Cend continues the research, development, manufacture and clinical trials of, and seeks regulatory approval for its lead product candidate. As of May 20, 2022, the issuance date of Cend’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021, Cend expects that its cash balance, as well as the proceeds received from the April 26, 2022 Purchase Agreement, would enable it to fund its operating expense and capital requirements into the first quarter of 2023. The future viability of Cend is largely dependent on its ability to generate cash from operating activities and to raise additional capital to finance its operations. Accordingly, if the Merger does not occur, there is substantial doubt about Cend’s ability to continue as a going concern as Cend does not believe that its cash will be sufficient to fund operations for at least twelve months from the date of issuance of these financial statements.

Assuming the Merger is consummated, the combined company expects that its existing cash will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months from the date of this filing. Upon the closing of the Merger, the combined company expects to incur additional costs associated with operating as an SEC registrant. In addition, the combined company anticipates that it will need substantial additional funding in connection with its continuing operations.

Cend’s future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the following:

•

the initiation, type, number, scope, results, costs and timing of, Cend’s ongoing and planned preclinical studies and clinical trials of its existing product candidate or clinical trials of other potential product candidates it may choose to pursue in the future, including feedback received from regulatory authorities;

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•	the costs and timing of manufacturing for current or future product candidates, including commercial scale manufacturing if any product candidate is approved;

•	the costs, timing and outcome of regulatory review of current or future product candidates;

•	the costs of obtaining, maintaining and enforcing Cend’s patents and other intellectual property rights;

•	Cend’s efforts to enhance operational systems and hire additional, including enhanced internal controls over financial reporting;

•	the costs associated with hiring additional personnel and consultants as Cend’s business grows, including additional executive officers and clinical development personnel;

•	the terms and timing of establishing and maintaining collaborations, licenses and other similar arrangements;

•	the timing and amount of the milestone or other payments Cend must make to current and future licensors;

•	the costs and timing of establishing or securing sales and marketing capabilities if current or future product candidates are approved;

•	Cend’s ability to achieve sufficient market acceptance, coverage and adequate reimbursement from third-party payors and adequate market share and revenue for any approved products;

•	patients’ willingness to pay out-of-pocket for any approved products in the absence of coverage and/or adequate reimbursement from third-party payors;

•	costs associated with any products or technologies that Cend may in-license or acquire; and

•	delays or issues with any of the above, including the risk that each of which may be exacerbated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Identifying potential product candidates and conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials is a time-consuming, expensive, and uncertain process that takes many years to complete, and Cend may never generate the necessary data or results required to obtain marketing approval and achieve product sales. In addition, Cend’s product candidates, if approved, may not achieve commercial success. Cend’s commercial revenues, if any, will be derived from sales of product candidates that Cend expects to be commercially available no sooner than 2025, if at all. Accordingly, Cend will need to continue to rely on additional financing to achieve its business objectives. Adequate additional financing may not be available to Cend on acceptable terms, or at all.

Until such time, if ever, as Cend can generate substantial product revenue, Cend expects to finance its cash needs through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements and other marketing and distribution arrangements. To the extent that Cend raises additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of its stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of its other stockholders. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting Cend’s ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends and may require the issuance of warrants, which could potentially dilute stockholders’ ownership interest. If Cend raises additional funds through collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with third parties, Cend may have to relinquish valuable rights to its technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to Cend. Cend’s ability to raise additional funds will depend on financial, economic and other factors, many of which are beyond its control. If Cend is unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, Cend may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate its product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market its product candidates that it would otherwise prefer to develop and market itself. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of Cend’s product candidates, Cend is unable to estimate the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with Cend’s current and anticipated preclinical studies and clinical trials.

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Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Cend has contracts with various organizations to conduct research and development activities, including clinical trial organizations to manage clinical trial activities and manufacturing companies to manufacture the drug product used in the clinical trials. The scope of the services under these research and development contracts can be modified and the contracts cancelled by Cend upon written notice. In the event of a cancellation, Cend would be liable for the cost and expenses incurred to date as well as any close out costs of the service arrangement.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires Cend to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses. On an ongoing basis, Cend evaluates these estimates and judgments. Cend bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that Cend believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates and assumptions form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Cend’s significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this proxy statement and are important to understanding and evaluating Cend’s reported financial results.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

During the periods presented Cend did not have and Cend does not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under SEC rules, such as relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, which are often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, established for the purpose of facilitating financing transactions that are not required to be reflected on its consolidated balance sheets.

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MANAGEMENT FOLLOWING THE MERGER

Executive Officers and Directors

Executive Officers and Directors of the Combined Organization Following the Merger

The Caladrius Board of Directors is currently composed of eight directors. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, all of the current directors of Caladrius, other than four designees selected by Caladrius to remain on the Caladrius Board of Directors, shall resign from the Caladrius Board of Directors at or prior to the Effective Time. The four directors designated by Caladrius will then elect, effective as of the Effective Time, four designees selected by Cend and one director mutually designated by Caladrius and Cend, each to serve as members of the Caladrius Board of Directors in staggered classes to be agreed upon by Caladrius and Cend prior to the Effective Time. Collectively, the reconstituted Caladrius Board of Directors is expected to satisfy the requisite independence requirements for the Caladrius Board of Directors, as well as the sophistication and independence requirements for the required committees pursuant to Nasdaq listing requirements.

Following the consummation of the Merger, the management team of Caladrius is expected to be composed of the management team of Caladrius in addition to David Slack of Cend. The following table lists the names and ages as of July 26, 2022 and positions of the individuals who are expected to serve as executive officers and directors of Caladrius upon completion of the Merger:

Name	Age	Position(s)
Executive Officers
David J. Mazzo, Ph.D.	65	Chief Executive Officer and Class II Director
David Slack	59	President and Chief Business Officer and Class I Director
Kristen K. Buck, M.D.	48	Executive Vice President R&D and Chief Medical Officer
Non-Employee Directors
Gregory B. Brown, M.D.	69	Class II Director; Chairman of Board of Directors
Steven M. Klosk	65	Class III Director
Cynthia L. Flowers	62	Class I Director
Heidi Henson	56	Class II Director
Erkki Ruoslahti, M.D., Ph.D.	82	Class I Director
Mohammad Azab, MD, MBA	66	Class III Director

Executive Officers

David J. Mazzo, Ph.D.

David J. Mazzo, Ph.D. was appointed as Caladrius’ President and Chief Executive Officer on March 28, 2017. Dr. Mazzo was previously appointed as Caladrius’ Chief Executive Officer and as a member of the Caladrius Board of Directors on January 5, 2015. Dr. Mazzo brings to Caladrius over 38 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry. Prior to joining Caladrius, Dr. Mazzo served from August 2008 to October 2014 as Chief Executive Officer and as a member of the Board of Directors of Regado Biosciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: RGDO), a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of novel antithrombotic drug systems for acute and sub-acute cardiovascular indications. Prior to his leading Regado, from March 2007 to April 2008, Dr. Mazzo was President, Chief Executive Officer and a director of Æterna Zentaris, Inc. (Nasdaq: AEZS), a publicly held international biopharmaceutical company. From 2003 until 2007 Dr. Mazzo served as President, Chief Executive Officer and director of Chugai Pharma USA, LLC, a biopharmaceutical company and U.S. subsidiary of Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. of Japan and a member of the Roche Group. Dr. Mazzo has also held senior management and executive positions in research and development and was a director of the Essex Chimie European subsidiary at Schering-Plough Corporation, a publicly held pharmaceutical company that was subsequently acquired by Merck & Co., Inc.; Hoechst Marion Roussel, Inc., the U.S. subsidiary of Hoechst AG, that was subsequently acquired by Sanofi, a multinational pharmaceuticals company; and Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Inc., a subsidiary of Rhone-Poulenc SA, a French pharmaceuticals company, that was subsequently acquired by Hoechst AG. He previously served on the board of directors of publicly held EyePoint Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (formerly known as pSivida Corp.), a biopharmaceutical company, from October 2005 to June 2020, Seneca Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: SNCA), a therapeutics development company focused on CNS applications that merged with Palisade BIO, from April 2019 to April 2021 and Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc., from October

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2005 through January 2015, a pharmaceutical company that was sold to Otsuka Holdings in 2015. He currently serves on the board of directors of VTI, Inc. (ASX: VTI), a developer and seller of therapeutic contact lenses, where he has served as Chairman of the board since February 2020 and Feldan Therapeutics, a private company developing technology for the intracellular delivery of therapeutic agents, where he has served on the board since January 2021.

Dr. Mazzo earned a B.A. in the Honors Program (Interdisciplinary Humanities) and a B.S. in Chemistry from Villanova University. In addition, Dr. Mazzo received his M.S. in chemistry and his Ph.D. degree in Analytical Chemistry from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He was also a research fellow at the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland. Based on Dr. Mazzo’s experience within the pharmaceutical industry and his executive experience, specifically his experience as Chief Executive Officer at other companies in the biopharmaceutical industry, as well as his service on other boards of directors in the healthcare industry in addition to his scientific training and experience, we believe that Dr. Mazzo is qualified to serve on the Caladrius Board of Directors.

David Slack

Mr. Slack has served as a Director of Cend since December 3, 2019 and as its President and Chief Executive Officer since March 29, 2021. He is responsible for overseeing all Research and Development and operational activities, as well as overseeing fundraising, business development and M&A activity. Mr. Slack also acts as the Chairman of Cend’s wholly owned subsidiary, DrugCendR Australia. He also currently serves as an Industry Advisor for non-profit pancreatic cancer patient advocacy organization, Trovanow, where he advises the organization with respect to prospective industry partnership and philanthropic fund raising. From March 2020 to March 2021, Mr. Slack was a Consultant for Cend. From January 2004 to March 2021, Mr. Slack served as a Principal of DS Lifescience Consulting. Also, from August 2016 to July 2020 he was the Chief Business Officer of Viracta Therapeutics, a publicly traded company, listed on Nasdaq. From 2000 to 2004, Mr. Slack served as Vice President of Business Development for Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. a publicly traded company, listed on Nasdaq. From 1998-2000, Mr. Slack served as Director of Technology Alliances and Licensing at Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals and Aventis Pharmaceuticals, a publicly listed pharmaceutical company He received his Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and his Bachelor of Science in Molecular Biology from California State University Sacramento. Mr. Slack received his Masters of Business Administration in Business and Strategic Marketing from Monterey Institute of International Studies (now Middlebury Institute of International Studies).

Kristen K. Buck, M.D.

Dr. Kristen K. Buck joined Caladrius in September 2021 as Executive Vice President of R&D and Chief Medical Officer (“CMO”) of the Company. Prior to joining Caladrius Dr. Buck worked at ICON plc from March 2020 to July 2021, where she served as its CMO and represented the company’s position on key scientific, ethical, and medical governance matters, provided guidance and oversight to the medical and scientific groups, and led the Drug Development Services group. Prior to that, Dr. Buck was Senior Vice President & Chief of Clinical Development at Optum Insights (part of the United Healthcare Group) from August 2018 to March 2020, where she led the clinical operations and regulatory groups within the Digital Research Network (DRN) clinical trial business. From January 2014 to July 2018, Dr. Buck held a position at Quintiles/IQVIA as Vice President of Global Strategic Drug Development designing clinical development plans and protocols across all therapeutic areas for emerging biotech and large pharma.

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Non-Employee Directors

Gregory B. Brown, M.D.

Gregory B. Brown, M.D. was appointed to the Caladrius Board of Directors in October 2016 and was elected Chairman by the Caladrius Board of Directors on February 16, 2017. Dr. Brown is currently Chief Executive Officer of Memgen, Inc., a development-stage biotechnology company. In 2007, Dr. Brown co-founded HealthCare Royalty Partners (“HCR Partners”), a healthcare-focused private asset management firm investing in biopharmaceutical and medical products, and developing and deploying innovative risk-mitigated investment strategies to deliver non-correlated cash flow. Dr. Brown remains Vice Chairman of HCR Partners and a member of the firm’s SAB. Dr. Brown was educated as a transplantation immunologist and trained as a thoracic and vascular surgeon. He practiced thoracic and vascular surgery in a community setting where he also founded and led a health maintenance organization. He brings particular expertise in the scientific, technical, clinical and medical evaluation of products as well as in healthcare systems and payor/reimbursement dynamics. He has been involved in sourcing, performing due diligence on and closing more than $1 billion of royalty financings.

Before co-founding HCR Partners, Dr. Brown was a partner at Paul Capital Partners where he co-managed that firm’s royalty investments as a member of the royalty management committee. Prior to beginning his principal investment career in 2003, Dr. Brown was co-head of investment banking and head of healthcare at Adams, Harkness & Hill (now Canaccord Genuity) and a ranked biotechnology research analyst at Vector Securities International. Dr. Brown holds a B.A. from Yale, an M.D. from SUNY Upstate Medical Center and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School. He currently serves on the boards of FAST Biomedical since January 2020, Memgen, Inc. since October 2018, Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. since 2007, and Faron Pharmaceuticals, Oy since 2017. He previously served on the boards of Cambrex Corporation, Invuity, Inc. and Vanderbilt Clinical, S.a.r.l. We believe that Dr. Brown is qualified to serve on the Caladrius Board of Directors based on his medical, financial and management experience.

Steven M. Klosk

Steven M. Klosk joined the Caladrius Board of Directors in 2014. He is a senior executive with extensive management experience in the life sciences industry. He served as a Director at Cambrex Corporation (NYSE:CBM) from May 2008 through December 2019, until it was acquired by Permira and then as Director from December 2019 until June 2020. Cambrex is one of the leading providers of active pharmaceutical ingredients, advanced intermediates and finished dosage form products to the branded and generic pharmaceutical markets, where he served as President and Chief Executive Officer from May 2008 through June 2020. In that role he was responsible for all aspects of Cambrex’s global business with manufacturing and R&D facilities in the United States, Sweden, Italy, Estonia and Germany. In addition, he has served on the Board of Directors of Recipharm, a leading pharmaceutical contract development & manufacturing organization since March 2021 and Golden Arrow Merger Corp. since March 2021. In addition, since 2021 he has served on the board of directors of Formulated Solutions, a topicalsCDMO where he is the chairman of the board; BioIVT, a leading supplier of biologics specimens for biotech research; BIOVECTRA, a leading small molecule and biologics CDMO; and NJ Bio, a leading antibody drug conjugate contract research organization.

Cynthia L. Flowers

Ms. Flowers was appointed to the Caladrius Board of Directors in November 2018. She is the owner of EIR Advisory LLC, a life sciences advisory and strategic investment firm. From February 2014 through November 2017, Ms. Flowers was President and Chief Executive Officer of Ipsen North America, where she led the transformation of the company as it became the highest-growth subsidiary worldwide. Prior to joining Ipsen, she

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served as President of Eisai Pharmaceuticals, where she oversaw commercial operations, medical affairs and services, manufacturing, alliance management and other functions. She has also held general management roles, both domestically and internationally, at Amgen Inc. and Johnson & Johnson. Ms. Flowers began her career as an oncology/critical care nurse.

Heidi Henson

Ms. Henson has served as Cend Director since 2019. Since 2021, she has served as the Chief Financial Officers of Pardes Biosciences, Inc., a publicly traded company listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “PRDS”, where she is responsible for building out the company’s infrastructure and implementing processes and procedures relating to being a public company. She also concurrently serves on the board of directors of PepGen, Inc. (Nasdaq: PEPG). From 2012-2012 she served on the board as Chief Financial Officer of the San Diego Children’s Choir, and from 2010 to 2013 she served as the board as Treasurer of the San Diego Children’s Choir Parent Association. From 2020 to 2021 she was a consultant for Pardes. From 2019-2020 Ms. Henson served as the Chief Financial Officer of Imbria Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and from 2018 to 2019 she was the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officers of Respivant Sciences, Inc. where she was responsible for the implementation and monitoring the compliance program. From 2014 to 2018, she served as the Chief Financial Officers of Kura Oncology, Inc, a publicly traded company listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “KURA”, where she led the private placement, reverse merger, and up-listing of the company to Nasdaq. From 2012 to 2018, she was the Chief Financial Officer for Wellspring Biosciences, LLC and its parent company Araxes Pharma, LLC. From 2007 to 2012, Ms. Henson was the Vice President of Finance for Intellikine, Inc. From 2005 to 2011, she worked as a consultant for various pharmaceutical industry clients, and she would assist with SEC reporting, implementation of financial processes and controls and implementation of SOX 404 compliance plans and documentation. From 2004 to 2005, she was the Controller for La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, listed on Nasdaq under “LJPC”. Prior to 2005 she was a Director, Finance at Anadys Pharmaceutical, Inc. (Nasdaq: ANDS), held several positions at Fair Isaac & Co, Inc (Nasdaq: FICO), and was a financial analyst at Alaris Medical Systems, Inc. and senior auditor from PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP. Ms. Henson received her Bachelors of Accountancy from the University of San Diego and is a member of the Association of Bioscience Financial Officers.

Erkki Ruoslahti, M.D., Ph.D.

Dr. Ruoslahti has served as a Cend Director since 2015 and as Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer from 2015 to 2020. In 2020, Dr. Ruoslahti became a Consultant for Cend. He has over 30 years of experience in biotech that includes founding Impilo Therapeutics, Inc. where he served as a Director until about September 2020 when it was acquired by Cend. Most significantly, from January 1976 to September 2020 Dr. Ruoslahti has served as Researcher, Scientific Director, President, Chief Executive Officer of Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute where he took the once fledgling 50-person research organization to a world-renowned research institution. When he stepped down as Chief Executive Officer, the institute had 500 employees and was ranked number on among all research organizations in world in the number of citations its publications received in the cell/molecular biology literature. The core technology from Cend originates from his laboratory. Currently, Dr. Ruoslahti has an informal emeritus relationship with the institute. From 2005 to 2008 he served as a Director for Advances Technologies, Inc, a publicly traded company listed on Nasdaq. From 2000 to 2002, he co-founded was a Director of Targeted Molecules, Inc. and from 1993 to 1996 he served as a Director of Canji and from 1987 to 1995, he co-founded and served as a director of Telios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. a publicly traded company on Nasdaq. Mr. Ruoslahti received his M.D., and Ph.D. from the University of Helsinki, Helsinki Finland. From 1968 to 1970 he was a Postdoctoral fellow at CalTech. Dr. Ruoslahti is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.

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Mohammad Azab, MD, MBA

Mohammad Azab, M.D., MSc, MBA, will be a member of the Caladrius Board of Directors following the consummation of the Merger. Dr. Azab is a leader in clinical and regulatory development of biopharmaceutical drugs with particular expertise in oncology drug development. In July 2009, Dr. Azab joined Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Astex”), a pharmaceutical company focused on the discovery and development of drugs in oncology and other areas, as its Chief Medical Officer. Dr. Azab served as President and Chief Medical Officer of Astex from January 2014 to November 2020, and has been serving as the chair of its board of directors from November 2020 to May 1, 2022. Since January 2021, Dr. Azab has served on the board of directors of DURECT Corporation (Nasdaq: DRRX), a biopharmaceutical company committed to transforming the treatment of acute organ injury and chronic liver diseases. Additionally, Dr. Azab has served on the board of directors of Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Nasdaq: XENE), a biopharmaceutical company delivering innovative medicines to patients with neurological disorders, since January 2003. Previously, Dr. Azab served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Intradigm Corporation, a developer of siRNA cancer therapeutics. Prior to this, Dr. Azab served as Executive Vice President of Research and Development and Chief Medical Officer of QLT Inc. and in several leadership positions at AstraZeneca plc in the United Kingdom and Sanofi in France. Dr. Azab holds an MBA from the Richard Ivey School of Business, University of Western Ontario, and an MB ChB from Cairo University. He received post-graduate training and degrees in oncology research from the University of Paris-Sud and in biostatistics from the University of Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris, France.

Composition of the Board of Directors

The Caladrius Board of Directors is currently comprised of eight directors divided into three staggered classes, each class serving three-year terms. The staggered structure of the Caladrius Board of Directors will remain in place following completion of the Merger.

The director classes for the Caladrius Board of Directors are currently as follows:

•	Class I directors: Cynthia L. Flowers, Peter G. Traber, M.D. and Anne C. Whitaker;

•	Class II directors: Gregory B. Brown, M.D. and David J. Mazzo, Ph.D.; and

•	Class III directors: Michael H. Davidson, M.D., Steven M. Klosk and Steven S. Myers.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, each of the directors and officers of Caladrius who will not continue as directors or officers of Caladrius or the combined organization following the consummation of the Merger shall resign immediately prior to the Effective Time. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, four of the directors on the Caladrius Board of Directors will be designated by Cend and four of such directors will be designated by Caladrius. Effective as of the Effective Time, it is anticipated that Dr. Mazzo, Dr. Brown, Mr. Klosk and Ms. Flowers will remain on the Caladrius Board of Directors. Then, Dr. Mazzo, Dr. Brown, Mr. Klosk and Ms. Flowers will elect Mr. Slack, Ms. Henson, Dr. Ruoslahti and Mohammad Azab, MD, MBA to the Caladrius Board of Directors.

It is anticipated that these directors will be appointed to the three staggered director classes of the combined organization’s board of directors as follows:

•	Class I directors (expiring in 2023): David Slack, Cynthia L. Flowers and Erkki Ruoslahti, M.D., Ph.D.;

•	Class II directors (expiring in 2024): David J. Mazzo, Ph.D., Gregory B. Brown and Heidi Henson; and

•	Class III directors (expiring in 2025): Steven M. Klosk and Mohammad Azab, MD, MBA.

The division of the Caladrius Board of Directors into three classes with staggered three-year terms may delay or prevent a change of management or a change of control of Caladrius, or, following the completion of the Merger, the combined organization.

There are no family relationships among any of Caladrius’ current directors and executive officers, and there are no family relationships among any of the combined organization’s proposed directors and executive officers.

Committees of the Board of Directors

The Caladrius Board of Directors currently has, and after completion of the Merger the Caladrius Board of Directors will continue to have, an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and a Science and Technology Committee.

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Audit Committee

The purpose of the audit committee is to oversee Caladrius’ accounting and financial reporting processes and audits of its financial statements. Although management has primary responsibility for the system of internal controls and the financial reporting process, the responsibilities of the audit committee include:

•	appointing the independent registered public accounting firm;

•	evaluating the independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications, independence and performance;

•	determining the engagement of the independent registered public accounting firm;

•	reviewing and approving the scope of the annual audit and the audit fee;

•	discussing with management and the independent registered public accounting firm the results of the annual audit and the review of quarterly financial statements;

•	approving the retention of the independent registered public accounting firm to perform any proposed permissible non-audit services;

•	monitoring the rotation of partners of the independent registered public accounting firm on the engagement team as required by law;

•	responsibility for reviewing the financial statements and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations to be included in annual and quarterly reports to be filed with the SEC;

•	reviewing critical accounting policies and estimates; and

•	annually reviewing the audit committee charter and the committee’s performance.

The audit committee of the combined organization is expected to retain these duties and responsibilities following completion of the Merger.

Following completion of the Merger, the members of the Audit Committee are expected to be Heidi Henson, Cynthia Flowers and Steven Klosk. Heidi Henson is expected to serve as the chairman of the committee and its financial expert under the rules of the SEC. To qualify as independent to serve on the combined organization’s audit committee, the listing standards of The Nasdaq Capital Market and the applicable rules of the SEC require that a director not accept any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee from the combined organization, other than for service as a director, or be an affiliated person of the combined organization. Caladrius and Cend believe that, following completion of the Merger, the composition of the audit committee will comply with the applicable requirements of the rules and regulations of Nasdaq and the SEC.

Compensation Committee

The compensation committee reviews and recommends policies relating to compensation and benefits of Caladrius’ officers and employees. The compensation committee reviews and recommends corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of Caladrius’ chief executive officer and other executive officers, evaluates the performance of these officers in light of those goals and objectives and recommends to the Caladrius Board of Directors the compensation of these officers based on such evaluations. The compensation committee also recommends to the Caladrius Board of Directors the issuance of stock options and other awards under Caladrius’ stock plans. The compensation committee will review and evaluate, at least annually, the performance of the compensation committee and its members, including compliance by the compensation committee with its charter.

Under the compensation committee’s charter, it has the authority, in its sole discretion, to retain (or obtain the advice of) any compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser to assist it in the performance of its duties. The compensation committee also has the direct responsibility for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of any advisers retained or engaged by the compensation committee. Under its charter, the compensation committee also has the authority to delegate its authority and responsibilities to members of the committee or a subcommittee. Finally, the compensation committee has the sole authority to approve the fees and the other terms and conditions of the engagement of any such advisor. Caladrius must provide for appropriate funding, as determined by the compensation committee, for the payment of reasonable compensation to any such adviser retained by the compensation committee.

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The compensation committee of the combined organization is expected to retain these duties and responsibilities following completion of the Merger.

Following the consummation of the Merger, the members of the compensation committee are expected to be Steven Klosk, who is expected to serve as chairman, Gregory Brown and Heidi Henson. To qualify as independent to serve on the combined organization’s compensation committee, the listing standards of The Nasdaq Capital Market require a director not to accept any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the combined organization, other than for service on the combined organization’s board of directors, and that the combined organization’s board of directors consider whether a director is affiliated with the combined organization and, if so, whether such affiliation would impair the director’s judgment as a member of the combined organization’s compensation committee. Caladrius and Cend believe that, after the completion of the Merger, the composition of the compensation committee will meet the requirements for independence under, and the functioning of such compensation committee will comply with any applicable requirements of the rules and regulations of The Nasdaq Capital Market and the SEC.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for making recommendations to the Caladrius Board of Directors regarding candidates for directorships and the size and composition of the Caladrius Board of Directors. In addition, the nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for overseeing Caladrius’ corporate governance policies and reporting and making recommendations to the Caladrius Board of Directors concerning governance matters.

In evaluating the suitability of individual candidates (both new candidates and current members), the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Caladrius Board of Directors may take into account many factors, including the following:

•	personal and professional integrity;

•	ethics and values;

•	experience in corporate management, such as serving as an officer or former officer of a publicly held company;

•	experience in the industries in which Caladrius competes;

•	experience as a board member or executive officer of another publicly held company;

•	diversity of expertise and experience in substantive matters pertaining to Caladrius’ business relative to other board members;

•	conflicts of interest; and

•	practical and mature business judgment.

The nominating and governance committee of the combined organization is expected to retain these responsibilities following completion of the Merger.

Following the closing of the Merger, the members of the nominating and governance committee are expected to be Gregory Brown, who is expected to serve as chairman, Erkki Ruoslahti and . Caladrius and Cend believe that, after the completion of the Merger, the composition of the nominating and governance committee will meet the requirements for independence under, and the functioning of such nominating and governance committee will comply with any applicable requirements of the rules and regulations of The Nasdaq Capital Market.

Additional Board Committee:

Science and Technology Committee

Following the consummation of the Merger, the members of the Science and Technology Committee are expected to be Erkki Ruoslahti, who is expected to serve as chairman, David J. Mazzo, Ph.D., David Slack, Gregory Brown and Mohammad Azab, MD, MBA . This committee is authorized to review the science, clinical and regulatory strategy underlying Caladrius’ research and development programs, as well as associated staffing and budgets. It also reviews the interactions of the research and development organization with healthcare providers and regulatory bodies.

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE COMBINED ORGANIZATION

Described below are any transactions occurring since January 1, 2022 as to Caladrius, any transactions occurring since January 1, 2022 as to Cend, and any currently proposed transactions as to Caladrius and Cend, to which either Caladrius or Cend was a party and in which:

•	the amounts involved exceeded or will exceed $120,000; and

•	a director, executive officer, holder of more than 5% of the outstanding capital stock of Caladrius or Cend, or any member of such person’s immediate family, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.

In addition to the transactions described below, please see the compensation agreements and other arrangements described under the sections entitled “Caladrius Directors, Officers and Corporate Governance—Director Compensation,” “Caladrius Executive Compensation,” “Cend Executive Compensation” and “Cend Director Compensation” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Caladrius Transactions

Indemnification Agreements

Caladrius has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers. These agreements, among other things, require Caladrius to indemnify each director and executive officer to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, including indemnification of expenses such as attorneys’ fees, judgments, penalties fines and settlement amounts incurred by the director or executive officer in any action or proceeding, including any action or proceeding by or in right of Caladrius, arising out of the person’s services as a director or executive officer.

Change of Control, Severance Benefits Agreements and Compensation Arrangements

See the sections entitled “Caladrius Directors, Officers and Corporate Governance—Director Compensation” and “Caladrius Executive Compensation” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

The Caladrius Board of Directors has adopted a written related person transaction policy setting forth the policies and procedures for the review and approval or ratification of related person transactions. This policy covers, with certain exceptions set forth in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, any transaction, arrangement or relationship, or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships in which Caladrius was or is to be a participant, where the amount involved exceeds $120,000 and a related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, including, without limitation, purchases of goods or services by or from the related person or entities in which the related person has a material interest, indebtedness, guarantees of indebtedness and employment by Caladrius of a related person. In reviewing and approving any such transactions, Caladrius’ audit committee is tasked to consider all relevant facts and circumstances, including, but not limited to, whether the transaction is on terms comparable to those that could be obtained in an arm’s length transaction with an unrelated third party and the extent of the related person’s interest in the transaction.

Cend Transactions

Indemnification Agreements

Cend has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers. These agreements, among other things, require Cend to indemnify each director and executive officer to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, including indemnification of expenses such as attorneys’ fees, judgments, penalties fines and settlement amounts incurred by the director or executive officer in any action or proceeding, including any action or proceeding by or in right of Cend, arising out of the person’s services as a director or executive officer.

Change of Control, Severance Benefits Agreements and Compensation Arrangements

See the sections entitled “Cend Executive Compensation” and “Cend Director Compensation” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

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Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

The Cend Board of Directors has adopted a written related person transaction policy setting forth the policies and procedures for the review and approval or ratification of related person transactions. This policy covers, with certain exceptions set forth in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, any transaction, arrangement or relationship, or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships in which Cend was or is to be a participant, where the amount involved exceeds $120,000 and a related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, including, without limitation, purchases of goods or services by or from the related person or entities in which the related person has a material interest, indebtedness, guarantees of indebtedness and employment by Cend of a related person. In reviewing and approving any such transactions, Cend’s audit committee is tasked to consider all relevant facts and circumstances, including, but not limited to, whether the transaction is on terms comparable to those that could be obtained in an arm’s length transaction with an unrelated third party and the extent of the related person’s interest in the transaction.

Amendment to Cend’s 2016 Plan and Grants

On July 1, 2022 the Cend Board of Directors adopted Amendment No. 6 to Cend Therapeutics, Inc. 2016 Incentive Plan (“2016 Plan”) to include the Merger in the definition of a “Change in Control” under section 2(d)(iii).

Additionally, on July 1, 2022, the Cend Board of Directors adopted the First Amendment to Stock Option Grant Notice for David Slack to replace, in its entirely, Section 3 “Vesting Schedule” to provide that in the event of an Involuntary Termination which results in Optionee’s Termination of Service, within twelve (12) months following a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan), the vesting of his Option, the new option or other similar incentives replacing this Option, as applicable, shall accelerate in full automatically effective upon such Involuntary Termination.

An “Involuntary Termination” shall mean Optionee’s Termination of Service by reason of (i) Optionee’s involuntary dismissal or discharge by Cend, or by the acquiring or successor entity (or parent or any subsidiary thereof employing the Optionee) for reasons other than Cause (as defined in the Option Agreement); or (ii) Optionee’s voluntary resignation following (x) a change in Optionee’s position with Cend, the acquiring or successor entity (or parent or any subsidiary thereof) which materially reduces Optionee’s duties and responsibilities (provided that a change in title alone shall not be sufficient to constitute such a change), (y) a reduction in Optionee’s level of cash compensation (including base salary and target bonus under any performance based bonus or incentive programs), or a reduction of more than twenty percent (20%) in the value of fringe benefits provided, or (z) a relocation of Optionee’s principal place of employment by more than thirty (30) miles; provided, however, any resignation by Optionee due to the foregoing shall only be deemed an Involuntary Termination if (I) Optionee gives Cend written notice of the intent to terminate within sixty (60) days of the occurrence of the condition Optionee believes constitute an Involuntary Termination, (II) Cend fails to remedy such condition within thirty (30) days of such written notice (the “Cure Period”), and (III) Optionee actually resigns within sixty (60) days after the expiration of the Cure Period.

Further on June 9, 2022, Cend’s Board of Directors granted the following options to purchase shares of Cend common Stock: (i) 5,000 to Tambet Teesalu, fully vested, at an exercise price of $4.01 for 10 years, (ii) 20,000 to Heidi Henson, fully vested at an exercise price of $4.01 for 10 years and (iii) 5,000 to Kazuki Sugahara, fully vested at an exercise price of $4.01 for 10 years.

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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

On April 26, 2022, Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. (“Caladrius”), CS Cedar Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Caladrius (“Merger Sub”), and Cend Therapeutics, Inc. (“Cend” or the “Company”), a privately-held, clinical-stage biotechnology company, entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization (the “Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other matters, and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into Cend, with Cend continuing as a wholly owned subsidiary of Caladrius (the “Merger”). Following closing, the combined company will be renamed Lisata Therapeutics, Inc. (“Lisata”) and is expected to trade on the Nasdaq under the ticker symbol “LSTA.”

Subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, at the closing of the Merger, (a) each outstanding share of Cend common stock and Cend preferred stock (except shares of Cend Series D Preferred Stock held by Caladrius) will be converted into the right to receive a number of shares of Caladrius common stock (“Caladrius Common Stock”) equal to the exchange ratio described below; and (b) each outstanding Cend stock option that has not previously been exercised prior to the closing of the Merger will be assumed by Caladrius. Under the exchange ratio formula in the Merger Agreement, as of immediately after the Merger, Cend’s former stockholders are expected to own approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock and stockholders of Caladrius as of immediately prior to the Merger are expected to own approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock. The actual allocation will be subject to adjustment based on Caladrius’ net cash balance at the time of closing and the amount of any transaction expenses of Cend in excess of $0.3 million at the time of closing.

If deemed necessary by the parties, Caladrius shall submit to Caladrius’ stockholders an amendment to Caladrius’ certificate of incorporation to authorize the Caladrius board to effect a reverse stock split of all outstanding shares of Caladrius common stock at a reverse stock split ratio mutually agreed to by Cend and Caladrius (the “Caladrius Reverse Stock Split”), and shall take such other actions as shall be reasonably necessary to effectuate the Caladrius Reverse Stock Split.

The Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights for both Caladrius and Cend, and further provides that, upon termination of the Merger Agreement, under specified circumstances, Caladrius may be required to pay Cend a termination fee of $1.0 million, Cend may be required to pay Caladrius a termination fee of $4.0 million, or in some circumstances reimburse the other party’s expenses up to a maximum of $1.0 million.

Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements have been prepared to illustrate the estimated effects of the Merger. The accompanying unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of March 31, 2022 combines the historical consolidated balance sheets of Caladrius and Cend, giving effect to the Merger as if it had been completed on March 31, 2022. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and for the year ended December 31, 2021 combine the historical consolidated statements of operations of Caladrius and Cend, giving effect to the Merger as if it had been completed on January 1, 2021.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements has been prepared in accordance with Regulation S-X Article 11, Pro Forma Financial Information, as amended by the final rule, Amendments to Financial Disclosures about Acquired and Disposed Businesses, as adopted by the SEC in May 2020 (“Article 11”). The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is provided for illustrative purposes only, does not necessarily reflect what the actual consolidated results of operations would have been had the acquisition occurred on the dates assumed and may not be useful in predicting the future consolidated results of operations or financial position. Cend’s results of operations and actual financial position may differ significantly from the pro forma amounts reflected herein due to a variety of factors.

Caladrius is acquiring Cend and the Merger is expected to be accounted for using the asset acquisition method under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Caladrius is considered to be the accounting acquirer based on the terms of the Merger Agreement and certain factors

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including: (i) Caladrius is issuing equity of approximately 60.5 million common shares to shareholders of Cend; (ii) although both entities will contribute to the new management team of Lisata, the Caladrius team will have more individuals on the management team and will hold the President and CEO roles; (iii) Caladrius paid a premium to acquire Cend’s assets; and (iv) Caladrius is significantly larger than Cend regarding total assets, operations, and research and development activities.

The Merger is expected to be accounted for as an asset acquisition as substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in intangible assets, primarily, In-Process Research and Development (“IPR&D”). Cend’s assets (except for cash) and liabilities will be measured and recognized as an allocation of the transaction price based on their relative fair values as of the transaction date with any value associated with IPR&D with no alternative future use being expensed.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is based on the assumptions and adjustments that are described in the accompanying notes. Accordingly, the pro forma adjustments are preliminary, subject to further revision as additional information becomes available and additional analyses are performed and have been made solely for the purpose of providing unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information. Differences between these preliminary estimates and the final accounting, expected to be completed after the closing of the Merger, will occur and these differences could have a material impact on the accompanying unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information and the combined company’s future results of operations and financial position. In addition, differences between the preliminary and final amounts will likely occur as a result of the amount of cash used for Cend’s operations, changes in the fair value of Caladrius' common stock, and other changes in Cend’s assets and liabilities.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not give effect to the potential impact of current financial conditions, regulatory matters, operating efficiencies or other savings or expenses that may be associated with the integration of the two companies. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is preliminary and has been prepared for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the financial position or results of operations in future periods or the results that actually would have been realized had Caladrius and Cend been a combined company during the specified periods. The actual results reported in periods following the Merger may differ significantly from those reflected in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information presented herein for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to, differences in the assumptions used to prepare this pro forma financial information.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements, including the notes thereto, should be read in conjunction with the separate historical financial statements of Caladrius and Cend, and their respective accompanying notes included elsewhere in this registration statement. Caladrius’ condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three month period ended March 31, 2022 is derived from Caladrius’ Form 10-Q for the three month period ended March 31, 2022 and Caladrius’ Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Accounting rules require evaluation of certain assumptions, estimates, or determination of financial statement classifications. The accounting policies of Cend may materially vary from those of Caladrius. During preparation of the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information, management has performed a preliminary analysis and is not aware of any material differences, and accordingly, this unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information assumes no material differences in accounting policies. Following the acquisition, management will conduct a final review of Cend’s accounting policies in order to determine if differences in accounting policies require adjustment or reclassification of Cend’s results of operations or reclassification of assets or liabilities to conform to Caladrius’ accounting policies and classifications. As a result of this review, management may identify differences that, when conformed, could have a material impact on these unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements.

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Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet

As of March 31, 2022

(in thousands, except per share data)

	Historical Caladrius	Historical Cend	Transaction Accounting Adjustments	Notes	Pro Forma Combined
ASSETS

Cash and cash equivalents	$12,747	$4,716	$—	G	$17,463
Marketable securities	75,772	—	—		75,772
Tax benefit receivable	—	867	—		867
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,181	849	—		3,030
Total current assets	90,700	6,432	—		97,132

Property and equipment, net	55	—	—		55
Investment in Cend	—	—	—	G	—
Other assets	708	—	—		708
Intangible assets	—	—	2,299	L	2,299
Total assets	$91,463	$6,432	$2,299		$100,194

LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK, AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

Liabilities
Accounts payable	$697	$635	$—		$1,332
Accrued liabilities	2,104	413	5,955	C,D	8,472
Other current liabilities	—	52	—		52
Total current liabilities	2,801	1,100	5,955		9,856
Other long-term liabilities	421	216	—		637
Total liabilities	3,222	1,316	5,955		10,493

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Redeemable convertible preferred stock
Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	—	1,100	(1,100)	A	—
Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock	—	3,941	(3,941)	A	—
Stockholders' equity (deficit)
Series C convertible preferred stock	—	—	—	A	—
Series D convertible preferred stock	—	—	—	A,G	—
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value	—	—	—	—
Common stock, $0.001 par value	61	—	61	B	122
Additional paid-in capital	546,580	11,750	27,728	A,B,K	586,058
Treasury stock	(708)	—	—		(708)
Accumulated deficit	(457,242)	(11,636)	(26,443)	A,B,C,D,J, K,L	(495,321)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(196)	(39)	39	A	(196)
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	88,495	75	1,385		89,955
Non-controlling interests	(254)	—	—		(254)
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	88,241	75	1,385		89,701
Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock, and stockholders' equity (deficit)	$91,463	$6,432	$2,299		$100,194

See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information

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Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements of Operations

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

(in thousands, except per share data)

	Historical Caladrius	Historical Cend	Transaction Accounting Adjustments	Notes	Pro Forma Combined

Net revenues	—	178	—		178

Operating Expenses:
Research and development	3,278	1,291	—		4,569
General and administrative	3,342	316	42	L	3,700
Operating expenses	6,620	1,607	42		8,269
Operating loss	(6,620)	(1,429)	(42)		(8,091)

Other income (expense):
Investment income, net	63	—	—		63
Other expense, net	(148)	—	—		(148)
Total other expense	(85)	—	—		(85)

Net loss before benefit from income taxes	(6,705)	(1,429)	(42)		(8,176)
Benefit from income taxes	(2,479)	—	—		(2,479)
Net loss	$(4,226)	$ (1,429)	$(42)		$(5,697)

Net loss per share attributable to common shareholders:
Basic	$(0.07)	$(0.33)	$(0.05)
Diluted	$(0.07)	$	(0.33)		$(0.05)

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	60,560	4,280	56,241	I	121,081
Diluted	60,560	4,280	56,241	I	121,081

See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information

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Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations

For the Year Ended December 31, 2021

(in thousands, except per share data)

	Historical Caladrius	Historical Cend	Transaction Accounting Adjustments	Notes	Pro Forma Combined

Net revenues	$—	$ 14,787	$—		$14,787

Operating Expenses:
Research and development	17,680	8,148	—		25,828
In-process research and development	—	1,584	35,012	H	36,596
General and administrative	11,370	1,150	6,317	C,D,L	18,837
Operating expenses	29,050	10,882	41,329		81,261
Operating income (loss)	(29,050)	3,905	(41,329)		(66,474)

Other income (expense):
Investment income, net	151	—	—		151
Other expense, net	(75)	—	—		(75)
Interest income	—	4	—		4
Total other income	76	4	—		80

Net income (loss) before expense (benefit) from income taxes	(28,974)	3,909	(41,329)		(66,394)
Income tax expense (benefit)	(1,508)	170	—		(1,338)
Net income (loss)	$ (27,466)	$3,739	$ (41,329)		$(65,056)

Income allocable to participating securities	$—	$(1,466)	$—		$—
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders	$ (27,466)	$2,273	$ (41,329)		$(65,056)
Net income (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders:
Basic	$(0.50)	$0.54			$(0.56)
Diluted	$(0.50)	$0.48			$(0.56)

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	55,313	4,211	55,719	I	115,243
Diluted	55,313	5,076	54,854	I	115,243

See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information

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Note 1 - Description of the Merger

Subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, at the closing of the Merger, (a) each outstanding share of Cend common stock and Cend preferred stock (except shares of Cend Series D Preferred Stock held by Caladrius) will be converted into the right to receive an estimated 60,521,480 shares of Caladrius common stock (“Caladrius Common Stock”), based on an estimated exchange ratio of 8.5627; and (b) each outstanding Cend stock option that has not previously been exercised prior to the closing of the Merger will be assumed by Caladrius and converted into options to purchase shares of Caladrius Common Stock based on the estimated exchange ratio of 8.5627. Under the exchange ratio formula in the Merger Agreement, as of immediately after the Merger, Cend’s former stockholders are expected to own approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock and stockholders of Caladrius as of immediately prior to the Merger are expected to own approximately 50% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock. The actual allocation will be subject to adjustment based on Caladrius’ net cash balance at the time of closing and the amount of any transaction expenses of Cend in excess of $0.3 million at the time of closing.

Consummation of the Merger is subject to certain closing conditions, including, among other things, approval by the stockholders of Caladrius and Cend, and Caladrius’s satisfaction of a minimum net cash threshold at closing, expected to be approximately $64.9 million assuming a closing at the end of the third quarter of 2022, and as described further in the Merger Agreement. In accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, (i) certain executive officers, directors and stockholders of Cend (solely in their respective capacities as Cend stockholders) holding approximately 77.5% of the outstanding Cend capital stock have entered into support agreements with Caladrius to vote all of their shares of Cend capital stock in favor of adoption of the Merger Agreement (the “Cend Support Agreements”) and (ii) certain executive officers and directors of Caladrius (solely in their respective capacities as Caladrius stockholders) holding approximately 1.8% of the outstanding Caladrius common stock have entered into support agreements with Cend to vote all of their shares of Caladrius common stock in favor of approval of the Merger Agreement (the “Caladrius Support Agreements,” together with the Cend Support Agreements, the “Support Agreements”). The Support Agreements include covenants with respect to the voting of such shares in favor of approving the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement and against any competing acquisition proposals and place certain restrictions on the transfer of the shares of Caladrius and Cend held by the respective signatories thereto.

The Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights for both Caladrius and Cend, and further provides that, upon termination of the Merger Agreement under specified circumstances, Caladrius may be required to pay Cend a termination fee of $1.0 million, Cend may be required to pay Caladrius a termination fee of $4.0 million, or in some circumstances reimburse the other party’s expenses up to a maximum of $1.0 million.

Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement and in order to provide Cend with capital for its development programs prior to the closing of the Merger, Caladrius agreed to purchase from Cend shares of Series D Preferred Stock (the “Cend Series D Preferred Stock”), of Cend at a purchase price of $10.0 million. In addition, Caladrius and Cend entered into a Collaboration Agreement (the “Collaboration Agreement”), pursuant to which Caladrius and Cend agreed to collaborate on certain developmental and clinical activities prior to the closing of the Merger. Under the Collaboration Agreement, Caladrius and Cend will form a joint steering committee (the “Committee”) comprised of individuals from both entities.

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Note 2 - Basis of Pro Forma Presentation

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information of the combined company is presented to illustrate the proposed effects of the Merger. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X, as amended by Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Final Rule Release No. 33-10786 “Amendments to Financial Disclosures about Acquired and Disposed Businesses.” Release No. 33-10786 replaced the existing pro forma adjustment criteria with simplified requirements to depict the accounting for the transaction (“Transaction Accounting Adjustments”) and present the reasonably estimable synergies and other transaction effects that have occurred or are reasonably expected to occur (“Management’s Adjustments”). The combined company has elected not to present Management’s Adjustments and will only be presenting Transaction Accounting Adjustments in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information.

The Merger is accounted for by using the cost accumulation and allocation model of accounting in accordance with the asset acquisition accounting guidance set forth in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”).

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the three month period ended March 31, 2022 and for the year ended December 31, 2021, give effect to the Merger as if it had been consummated on January 1, 2021. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of March 31, 2022 gives effect to the Merger as if it had been consummated on March 31, 2022. Based on Caladrius’ preliminary review of Cend’s summary of significant accounting policies and preliminary discussions between management teams of Caladrius and Cend, the nature and amount of any adjustments to the historical financial statements of Cend to conform its accounting policies to those of Caladrius are not expected to be material. Upon completion of the Merger, further review of Cend’s accounting policies may result in additional revisions to Cend’s accounting policies and classifications to conform to those of Caladrius.

To determine the accounting for this Merger under GAAP, a company must assess whether an integrated set of assets and activities should be accounted for as an acquisition of a business or an asset acquisition. The initial screen test is met as substantially all of Cend’s fair value is concentrated in intangible assets, primarily, In-Process Research & Development (“IPR&D”). As such, the acquisition is expected to be treated as an asset acquisition. Cend’s assets (except for cash) and liabilities will be measured and recognized as an allocation of the transaction price based on their relative fair values as of the transaction date with any value associated with IPR&D with no alternative future use being expensed.

Asset acquisitions are to be accounted for by allocating costs, including transaction costs, of the acquisition to the acquired assets based on their relative fair value basis. For the purpose of measuring the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, Caladrius estimated the fair values as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The fair value measurements utilize estimates based on key assumptions of the Merger, including historical and current market data. The unaudited pro forma adjustments included herein are preliminary and will be adjusted as additional information becomes available and as additional analyses are performed. The final purchase price allocation will be determined subsequent to the Merger, and the final amounts of the assets acquired, and liabilities assumed may differ materially from the values recorded in the pro forma financial information.

Pro forma transaction accounting adjustments are included only to the extent they are adjustments that reflect the accounting for the Merger in accordance with GAAP.

Caladrius and Cend expect to incur significant costs associated with integrating the operations of Caladrius and Cend after the Merger is completed. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not reflect the costs of any integration activities or benefits that may result from realization of future cost savings from operating efficiencies expected to result from the Merger.

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Note 3 — Preliminary Purchase Price

The accompanying unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements reflect an estimated preliminary purchase price of approximately $42.6 million (the “Consideration”) comprised of equity consideration of approximately $27.8 million, the carrying value of Caladrius’ existing cost method investment in Cend’s Series D Preferred Stock of approximately $10.0 million, the incremental fair value of Cend’s fully vested stock options of approximately $1.8 million, and estimated transaction costs of approximately $3.0 million.

The Consideration payable by Caladrius takes into account the value of Caladrius’ interests in Cend’s Series D Preferred Stock. Prior to the closing of the Merger, Caladrius will account for its existing interest in Cend using the cost method, and the carrying value was approximately $10.0 million as of April 26, 2022. The Company accounted for the asset acquisition of the interest of Cend as a step acquisition, which required a cost accumulation approach of the Company’s existing ownership interest in Cend which will be valued at its carryover basis of $10.0 million and included in the estimated purchase price.

The table below represents the total estimated preliminary purchase price (dollars in thousands, except per share data):

Estimated number of common shares of the combined company to be owned by Cend stockholders ⁽¹⁾			60,521,480
Multiplied by the fair value per share of Caladrius common stock on May 18, 2022 ⁽²⁾			$0.46
Total			$27,840
Carrying value of Caladrius' existing cost method investment in Cend ⁽³⁾			10,000
Incremental fair value of Cend's fully vested stock options ⁽⁴⁾			1,796
Caladrius estimated transaction costs ⁽⁵⁾			3,000
Total estimated purchase price			$42,636

1.	For purposes of this unaudited pro forma combined financial information, 60,521,480 represents the historical 7,068,037 shares of Cend common stock and preferred stock outstanding on April 26, 2022, adjusted for the exchange ratio.

The equity portion of the estimated purchase price was based on the closing price of Caladrius as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market on May 18, 2022. The final purchase price arising from the actual transaction costs, as well as the number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock and the fair market value of Caladrius Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger could result in a total purchase price different from that assumed in this unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information, and that difference may be material. Therefore, the estimated Consideration expected to be transferred reflected in this unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not purport to represent what the actual Consideration transferred will be when the Merger is completed. The actual purchase price will fluctuate until the closing date of the Merger, and the final valuation of the purchase consideration could differ significantly from the current estimate.

Using cost accumulation accounting, the carrying value of Caladrius’ cost method investment in Cend’s Series D Preferred Stock is included in the total estimated purchase price as of March 31, 2022. Caladrius will evaluate the cost method investment for impairment indicators each reporting period and through the closing of the Merger.

Represents the incremental fair value of the Cend replacement options of $1.7 million related to the fully vested replacement options subject to service-based vesting conditions and less than $0.1 million related to replacement options subject to performance-based vesting conditions achieved prior to the Closing Date assumed by Caladrius upon the consummation of the Merger as described in Note 4 — Shares of Caladrius Common Stock Issued to Cend’s Stockholders upon closing of the Merger. In accordance with, and analogous to ASC 805, as no post-Merger services are required for the fully vested replacement awards, and Cend’s employees had rendered all of the required service for the Cend awards as of the date of the Merger, the incremental fair value is included in the estimated purchase price.

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The amount attributable to post-Merger service is approximately $0.5 million for replacement options subject to servicebased vesting conditions and less than $0.1 million for replacement options subject to performance-based vesting conditions. Caladrius will recognize the stock-based compensation expense for the replacement options subject to service-based vesting conditions as additional compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the remaining vesting period of the original awards, and will recognize the stock-based compensation related to the achievement of the performance-based vesting conditions in the period during which it becomes probable the conditions will be met.

The difference between the total value of the replacement awards of approximately $6.6 million, and the fair value of the original Cend awards of approximately $4.3 million, is approximately $2.4 million.

5.	Caladrius transaction costs are estimated to be approximately $3.0 million. The transaction costs have been reflected as an increase in the purchase price.

In accordance with GAAP, the fair value of equity securities comprising the Consideration will be measured on the closing date of the Merger at the then-current market price per share of Caladrius common stock. Given that the estimate purchase price is variable depending upon the price of Caladrius common stock, management performed a sensitivity analysis over the change in purchase consideration based on +/- 10% volatility in Caladrius’ stock price, which is reasonably possible during the period between the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus/information statement and then expected effective time of the Merger. An increase or decrease in the price of Caladrius common stock by 10% would increase or decrease the Consideration, excluding transaction costs, by approximately $3.0 million.

For purposes of this pro forma analysis, the above estimated purchase price has been allocated based the relative fair value of the preliminary estimate of the fair value of assets and liabilities to be acquired (in thousands):

			March 31, 2022 Pro forma
Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation:
Cash and cash equivalents			$4,716
Net working capital (excluding cash)			616
Other liabilities			(216)
Acquired in-process research and development			35,012
License			2,508
Net assets acquired			$ 42,636

The guidance in ASC 805 requires an initial screen test to determine if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single asset or group of similar assets. If that screen is met, the set is not a business. The initial screen test was met as Caladrius determined that substantially all of the fair value was concentrated in the acquired IPR&D. The fair value of the IPR&D was determined to be approximately $55.4 million before the purchase price was allocated among the assets and liabilities acquired, as shown above.

IPR&D represents the research and development assets of Cend which were in-process, but not yet completed, and which Caladrius has the opportunity to advance. Current accounting standards require that the fair value of IPR&D projects acquired in an asset acquisition with no alternative future use be allocated a portion of the consideration transferred and charged to expense at the acquisition date. The actual purchase price allocated to IPR&D will fluctuate until the closing date of the Merger, and the final valuation of the IPR&D consideration could differ significantly from the current estimate.

License represents the Exclusive License and Collaboration Agreement (the “Qilu Agreement”) in which Cend granted an exclusive license to Qilu for the development and commercialization of CEND-1 in the Territory (defined as the Greater Area of China including China, Macau, Hong Kong, and Taiwan). Under the terms of the agreement, Qilu is solely responsible for the development of CEND-1 in its Territory. In consideration for the license, Qilu made a one-time, non-refundable, non-creditable upfront payment of $10.0 million to Cend. Cend is also eligible to receive developmental and commercial milestone payments up to $100.0 million and $125.0

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million, respectively, tiered royalties on net sales ranging from 10% to 15%, and tiered sublicensing revenues ranging from 12% to 35%. To date, Cend has recognized approximately $15.0 million in revenue under the Qilu Agreement resulting from the upfront license fee, a development milestone, as well as through the sale of clinical supply materials.

Note 4 — Shares of Caladrius Common Stock Issued to Cend’s Stockholders upon Closing of the Merger

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time, Caladrius expects to issue 60,521,480 shares of Common Stock to the holders of all of the Cend capital stock in exchange for all of the shares of Cend capital stock (including the shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of all shares of preferred stock, except Series D Preferred Stock), immediately prior to the Effective Time, determined as follows:

			Shares
Cend:
Cend Series A Preferred Stock outstanding			371,396
Cend Series B Preferred Stock outstanding			1,071,237
Cend Series C Preferred Stock outstanding			1,345,699
Cend shares of common stock outstanding			4,279,705
Total Cend outstanding shares pre-close			7,068,037
Exchange ratio			8.5627
Total Cend merger common shares			60,521,480

In addition, in accordance with the Merger Agreement, Caladrius assumed all of the issued and outstanding options to acquire Cend common stock, pursuant to the Cend 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Cend Plan”), with such stock options representing the right to purchase a number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock equal to 8.5627 multiplied by the number of shares of Cend’s common stock previously represented by such stock options immediately prior to the closing of the Merger, with a proportional adjustment to the exercise price of such options.

Basic loss per share represents the net loss per share calculated using the historical weighted average shares outstanding, and the issuance of additional shares in connection with the Merger, assuming the shares were outstanding at the beginning of the periods presented. Diluted loss per common share is the same as basic loss per common share for all periods presented because the effects of potentially dilutive items were anti-dilutive. The following common share equivalent securities have been excluded from the calculation of weighted-average common shares outstanding because the effect is anti-dilutive for the periods presented:

			March 31, 2022
Anti-dilutive common share equivalents:			(in thousands)
Stock options of Caladrius			7,883
Stock options of Cend			19,438
Warrants to purchase Caladrius common stock			21,357
Total anti-dilutive common share equivalents			48,678

The information below reflects historical per share information for Caladrius and Cend and unaudited pro forma per share information of the combined company as if Caladrius and Cend had been combined as of or for the periods presented. The net loss per share information reflects the Merger as if the transaction had occurred on January 1, 2021.

Note 5 — Pro Forma Adjustments

Adjustments included in the column under the heading “Transaction Accounting Adjustments” are primarily based on information contained within the analysis will be performed after the completion of the merger to confirm these estimates or make adjustments in the final purchase price allocation, as necessary.

Given Caladrius’ history of net losses and valuation allowance, management assumed a statutory tax rate of 0%. Therefore, the pro forma adjustments to the condensed combined statements of operations and comprehensive loss resulted in no additional income tax adjustment to the pro forma financials.

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The unaudited pro forma adjustments reflected in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements as as follows:

A.	To eliminate Cend’s pre-merger redeemable convertible preferred stock, convertible preferred stock, common stock, paid-in capital, accumulated deficit, and accumulated other comprehensive loss balances.

			March 31, 2022
			(in thousands)
Elimination of Cend's Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock			$(1,100)
Elimination of Cend's Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock			(3,941)
Elimination of Cend's Series C convertible preferred stock			—
Elimination of Cend's Series D preferred stock			—
Elimination of Cend's common stock			—
Elimination of Cend's additional paid-in capital			(11,750)
Elimination of Cend's historical accumulated deficit			11,636
Elimination of Cend's accumulated other comprehensive loss			39
Elimination of Cend's accumulated deficit for other pro forma adjustments impacting accumulated deficit, such as transaction costs (C)			3,097
Total adjustments to Cend's historical equity			$(2,019)

To reflect the asset acquisition Consideration, including the capitalization of the fair value of the estimated number of shares of the combined company to be owned by Cend’s stockholders and Caladrius’ transaction costs as well as the adjustment to accumulated deficit for the acquired in-process research and development:

			March 31, 2022
			(in thousands)
Capitalization of the fair value of the estimated number of shares of the combined company to be owned by Cend's stockholders			$27,840
Carrying value of Caladrius' existing cost method investment in Cend			10,000
Caladrius' estimated transaction costs as part of asset acquisition (D)			3,000
Incremental fair value of Cend's fully vested replacement options (Note 3)			1,796
Impact of expensed IPR&D acquired (H) and accumulated amortization of the acquired license (L)			(35,079)
Total adjustment to reflect asset acquisition purchase price			$7,557

C.	To record Cend’s estimated transaction costs of approximately $3.1 million, for legal and advisory fees, and transactional fees in addition to $0.1 million included in accrued liabilities as of March 31, 2022.

D.	To record Caladrius’ estimated transaction costs of approximately $2.9 million, for legal and advisory fees and transactional fees, in addition to $0.1 million included in accrued liabilities as of March 31, 2022.

E.	To record Cend’s estimated transaction costs of approximately $3.2 million, for legal and advisory fees, and transactional fees for the year ended December 31, 2021.

F.	To record Caladrius’ estimated transaction costs of $3.0 million, for legal and advisory fees and transactional fees for the year ended December 31, 2021. Estimated transaction costs directly related to the Merger of $3.0 million will be included in the estimated purchase price (see Note 3).

To record Caladrius’ cost method investment in Cend’s Series D Preferred Stock as of March 31, 2022 of approximately $10.0 million and the elimination of Caladrius’ cost method investment in Cend at the Effective Time of the Merger, as well as the cancellation of the shares of Series D Preferred Stock that were issued to Caladrius. Per the Merger Agreement, the Series D Preferred Stock will not be converted to shares of common stock of Cend at the time of the Merger, rather the Series D Preferred Stock will be cancelled and no consideration exchanged.

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H.	To record the impact of expensing the acquired IPR&D upon consummation of the asset acquisition (Note 3).

I.	Calculation of weighted-average shares outstanding:

	March 31, 2022	December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Historical Cend weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding	4,280	4,211
Impact of Cend's convertible preferred stock assuming conversion	2,788	2,788
Total	7,068	6,999
Application of exchange ratio of historical Cend weighted-average shares outstanding	8.5627	8.5627
Adjusted Cend weighted-average shares outstanding	60,521	59,930
Historical Caladrius weighted-average shares outstanding	60,560	55,313
Total weighted average shares outstanding	121,081	115,243

As Caladrius had a net loss on a pro forma combined basis, stock options to purchase common stock have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because all such securities are anti-dilutive for all periods presented.

J. To record the following adjustments to accumulated deficit:

			March 31, 2022
			(in thousands)
Elimination of Cend's accumulated deficit			$14,733
Impact of Cend's estimated transaction costs as part of asset acquisition (C)			$(3,097)
Impact of expensed IPR&D acquired (H), Caladrius' estimated transaction costs as part of asset acquisition (D), and accumulated amortization of the acquired license (L)			(38,079)
Total adjustment to accumulated deficit			$ (26,443)

K. To record the following adjustments to additional paid-in capital:

			March 31, 2022
			(in thousands)
Elimination of Cend's additional paid-in capital and par value			$ (11,750)
To reflect Cend's remaining stock post-Merger			37,459
To reflect the reclassification of additional paid-in capital to par for the shares expected to be outstanding			2,019
Total adjustment to additional paid-in capital			$27,728

Represents the acquired Qilu Agreement in which Cend granted an exclusive license to Qilu for the development and commercialization of CEND-1 in the amount of approximately $2.5 million, net of accumulated amortization of approximately $0.3 million. The license is a definite lived intangible asset with an estimated remaining useful life of fifteen years. The amortization expense of approximately $0.2 million and approximately $41.8 thousand has been included in the pro forma statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 and three months ended March 31, 2022, respectively.

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DESCRIPTION OF CALADRIUS CAPITAL STOCK

The following description of Caladrius’ capital stock is not complete and may not contain all the information you should consider before investing in Caladrius’ capital stock. This description is summarized from, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, Caladrius’ amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, which have been publicly filed with the SEC. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Authorized Capital Stock

Our authorized capital stock consists of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share.

Common Stock

The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share in the election of directors and on all other matters on which stockholders are entitled or permitted to vote. The holders of our common stock are not entitled to cumulative voting rights. Therefore, holders of a majority of the shares voting for the election of directors can elect all of the directors. Subject to the terms of any outstanding series of preferred stock, the holders of our common stock are entitled to dividends in the amounts and at times as may be declared by the Caladrius Board of Directors out of funds legally available. Upon liquidation or dissolution, holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in all net assets available for distribution to stockholders after payment of any liquidation preferences to holders of our preferred stock. The holders of our common stock have no redemption, conversion or preemptive rights.

As of March 31, 2022, we had 60,533,064 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, exclusive of existing convertible preferred stock, options and warrants.

Preferred Stock

The Caladrius Board of Directors has the authority to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such designations, rights, and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Caladrius Board of Directors. Accordingly, the Caladrius Board of Directors is empowered, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock with dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting, or other rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of restricting dividends on our common stock, diluting the voting power of our common stock, impairing the liquidation rights of our common stock, or delaying or preventing a change in control of our company, all without further action by our stockholders.

As of March 31, 2022, there were 10,000 shares of our Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Caladrius Series B Preferred Stock”), issued and outstanding.

Series B Preferred Stock

The Caladrius Series B Preferred Stock ranks pari passu with our common stock with respect to the payment of dividends and to the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

So long as any shares of the Caladrius Series B Preferred Stock are outstanding, no dividend shall be declared or paid or set aside for payment or other distribution declared or made upon our common stock or upon any other stock ranking junior to, or on a parity with, the Caladrius Series B Preferred Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, unless, in the case of our preferred stock, the same dividend is declared, paid or set aside for payment on all outstanding shares of the Caladrius Series B Preferred Stock or in the case of our common stock, ten times such dividend per share is declared, paid or set aside for payment on each outstanding share of the Caladrius Series B Preferred Stock.

Except as otherwise provided by law, each share of the Caladrius Series B Preferred Stock has the same voting rights as ten shares of our common stock and the holders of the Caladrius Series B Preferred Stock and the common stock shall vote together as one class on all matters.

The holder of any share of Caladrius Series B Preferred Stock has the right, at such holder’s option, to convert such share into one one-hundredth of a fully paid and non-assessable share of our common stock, subject to adjustment.

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In the event of any voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of our Company, after any distribution of assets is made to the holders of any other class or series of stock that ranks prior to the Caladrius Series B Preferred Stock in respect of distributions upon the liquidation of the Company, the holder of each share of Caladrius Series B Preferred Stock then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid out of our assets available for distribution to our stockholders, an amount on a pari passu basis equal to ten times the amount per share distributed to the holders of our common stock. After payment of the full amount of the distribution to which they are entitled, the holders of shares of the Caladrius Series B Preferred Stock will not be entitled to any further participation in any distribution of assets by the Company.

Shares of Caladrius Series B Preferred Stock issued and reacquired by us shall have the status of authorized and unissued shares of preferred stock, undesignated as to series, subject to later issuance.

Holders of shares of Caladrius Series B Preferred Stock are not entitled to any preemptive or subscription rights in respect of any securities of the corporation.

Options and Restricted Stock Units

As of March 31, 2022, we had outstanding options to purchase an aggregate of 2,639,609 shares of our common stock with exercise prices ranging from $0.76 to $77.70 per share, with an approximate weighted average exercise price of $4.51 per share. The shares of our common stock underlying all such options are registered with the SEC.

As of March 31, 2022, we had 1,460,295 restricted stock units outstanding.

Warrants

As of March 31, 2022, we had outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 21,356,600 shares of our common stock with an approximate weighted average exercise price of $2.84.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Delaware Law and Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws contain some provisions that could make our acquisition by means of a tender or exchange offer, a proxy contest or otherwise more difficult. These provisions are summarized below.

Special Meetings. Our bylaws provide that special meetings of our stockholders may, unless otherwise prescribed by law, be called by our Chairman of the Caladrius Board of Directors (if any), the Caladrius Board of Directors or our Chief Executive Officer and shall be held at such place, on such date and at such time as shall be fixed by the Caladrius Board of Directors or the person calling the meeting. Business transacted at any special meeting shall be limited to matters relating to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice of the meeting.

Undesignated Preferred Stock. The ability to authorize undesignated preferred stock makes it possible for the Caladrius Board of Directors to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to acquire us. The ability to issue preferred stock may have the effect of deferring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control or management of our company.

Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute. We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law regulating corporate takeovers. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder unless:

•	prior to the date of the transaction, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

•

upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding (1) shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers and (2) shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; and

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•

on or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by the board and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.

Generally, a business combination includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An interested stockholder is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or, within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, owned 15% or more of a corporation’s outstanding voting securities. We expect the existence of this provision to have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions the Caladrius Board of Directors does not approve in advance. We also anticipate that Section 203 may discourage attempted acquisitions that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of our common stock held by stockholders.

The provisions of Delaware law, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and our bylaws could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and, as a consequence, they may also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that often result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.

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COMPARISON OF RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF CALADRIUS STOCK AND CEND STOCK

Both Caladrius and Cend are incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware and, accordingly, the rights of the stockholders of each are currently, and will continue to be, governed by the DGCL. If the Merger is completed, Cend Stockholders will become Caladrius Stockholders, and their rights will be governed by the DGCL, the amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius and, assuming Proposal Nos. 2 and 3 are approved by Caladrius Stockholders at the Annual Meeting, the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius, as amended by the amendments thereto attached to this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement as Annex D and Annex E, respectively.

The table below summarizes the material differences between the current rights of Cend Stockholders under Cend’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws and the rights of Caladrius Stockholders, post-Merger, under Caladrius’ amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws, each as amended, as applicable, and as in effect immediately following the Merger.

While Caladrius and Cend believe that the summary tables cover the material differences between the rights of their respective stockholders prior to the Merger and the rights of Caladrius Stockholders following the Merger, these summary tables may not contain all of the information that is important to you. These summaries are not intended to be a complete discussion of the respective rights of Caladrius Stockholders and Cend Stockholders and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the DGCL and the various documents of Caladrius and Cend that are referred to in the summaries. You should carefully read this entire proxy statement/prospectus/information statement and the other documents referred to in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement for a more complete understanding of the differences between being a Caladrius Stockholder and a Cend Stockholder before the Merger and being a Caladrius Stockholder after the Merger. Caladrius has filed copies of its current amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws with the SEC and will send copies of the documents referred to in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement to you upon your request. Cend will also send copies of its documents referred to in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement to you upon your request. See the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

Current Cend Rights Versus Caladrius Rights Post-Merger

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Provision	Cend (Pre-Merger)	Caladrius (Post-Merger)
Number of Directors	The by-laws of Cend currently provide that the authorized number of directors shall be fixed by the Cend Board of Directors from time to time. Directors need not be stockholders, unless so required by the Cend amended and restated certificate of incorporation.	The amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius currently provide that the number of directors that shall constitute the whole Caladrius Board of Directors shall be determined by resolution of the Caladrius Board of Directors, but in no event shall be less than three.

Stockholder Nominations and Proposals	Cend’s by-laws provide that nominations for persons for election to the Cend Board of Directors or proposals of Cend may be made (i) pursuant to the corporation’s notice of meeting of stockholders; (ii) by or at the direction of the Cend Board of Directors; or (iii) by any stockholder of the corporation who was a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice. At an annual meeting of the stockholders, for nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting, by a stockholder, (i) the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the corporation, (ii) such other business must be a proper matter for stockholder action under the DGCL, (iii) if the stockholder, or the beneficial owner on whose behalf any such proposal or nomination is made, has provided the corporation with a solicitation notice, must, in the case of a proposal, have delivered a proxy statement and form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the corporation’s voting shares required under applicable law to carry any such proposal, or, in the case of a nomination or nominations, have delivered a proxy statement and form of proxy to holders of a percentage of the corporation’s voting shares reasonably believed by such stockholder or beneficial owner to be sufficient to elect the nominee or nominees proposed to be nominated by such stockholder, and must, in either case, have included in such materials the solicitation notice, and (iv) if no solicitation notice relating thereto has been timely provided, the proposing such business or nomination must not have solicited a number of proxies sufficient to have required the delivery of such a solicitation notice.	The amendments to the amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius provide that nominations of any person for election to the Caladrius Board of Directors at an annual meeting or at a special meeting (but only if the election of directors is a matter specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the discretion of the person calling such special meeting) may be made at such meeting only (a) by or at the direction of the Caladrius Board of Directors, including by any committee or persons authorized to do so by the Caladrius Board of Directors, or (b) by a stockholder present in person (A) who was a beneficial owner of shares of Caladrius both at the time of giving the notice of such meeting and at the time of the meeting, (B) is entitled to vote at the meeting and (C) has complied with the notice and nomination provisions of the amendments to the amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius. The amendments to the amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius provide that nominations of any person for election to the Caladrius Board of Directors at an annual meeting, or at a special meeting held in lieu of an annual meeting of Caladrius Stockholders, may be made provided that the nominations are (i) specified in the notice of the annual meeting given by or at the direction of the Caladrius Board of Directors, in accordance to the amendments to the amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius, (ii) given timely notice in accordance with the amendments to the amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius and (iii) brought by any stockholder of Caladrius who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice as provided for in the amendments to the amended and restated by-laws.

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Provision	Cend (Pre-Merger)	Caladrius (Post-Merger)
	The amended and restated certificate of incorporation provide that the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock shall be entitled to elect one director and the holders of Series C Preferred Stock shall be entitled to elect one director.

Classified Board of Directors	The by-laws of Cend do not provide for the division of the Cend Board of Directors into staggered classes.	The amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius provide for the division of the Caladrius Board of Directors into staggered classes.

Removal of Directors	Pursuant to the by-laws of Cend, a Director may be removed from office at any time (i) with cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of all then-outstanding shares of capital stock, (ii) without cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to elect such director.	Under the amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius, a Director may be removed from office at any time (i) without cause, by the affirmative vote of at least 75 percent of the voting power of all outstanding shares of voting stock of Caladrius with the power to vote at an election of directors or (ii) with cause, by the holders of at least a majority of all outstanding shares of voting stock of Caladrius with the power to vote at an election of the directors.

Special Meeting of the Stockholders	The by-laws of Cend provide that a special meeting may be called by the Chairman of the Board, the Cend Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or by the holders of shares entitled to cast not less than 50% of the votes at the meeting.	The amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius provide that a special meeting may be called by the Chairman of the Board (if any), the Caladrius Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer.

Cumulative Voting	The amended and certificate of incorporation states that unless required by law, there shall be no cumulative voting.	The DGCL provides that stockholders are not entitled to the right to cumulate votes in the election of directors unless a corporation's certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. The amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius does not provide for cumulative voting

Vacancies	The by-laws and amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Cend provide that subject to the rights of holders of any series of Preferred Stock, any vacancies on the Cend Board of Directors shall, unless filled by the Cend stockholders, be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority the majority of the directors then in office, or by a sole remaining director.	The amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius provide that any vacancy or newly created directorships on the Caladrius Board of Directors will, unless and until filled by the Caladrius Stockholders, be filled by vote of a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining Director.

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Provision	Cend (Pre-Merger)	Caladrius (Post-Merger)
Voting Stock	According to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation the holders of Cend common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held at all meeting of stockholders. Each holder of Preferred Stock may cast the number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of common stock into which the shares of Preferred Stock are convertible as of the record date. Holders of Preferred Stock shall vote together with the holders of common stock as a single class on an as-converted basis. The by-laws state that the Cend Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a records date, which records date shall not precede the date upon which resolution the record date is adopted and which shall not be more than 60 days nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed by the Cend Board of Directors, the record date shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.	Under the amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius, the holders of Caladrius Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share of stock held by them and holders of Caladrius Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock are entitled to ten votes for each share of Caladrius Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock into which such share of Caladrius Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock is convertible. The amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius further state that in order for Caladrius to determine which Caladrius Stockholders are entitled to vote, the Caladrius Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which record date shall not precede the date on which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted and which shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting, nor more than 60 days prior to any other such action. If the Caladrius Board of Directors do not so fix a record date, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.

Stockholders Agreement	The holders of Cend’s Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock entered into a Voting Agreement with Cend, in March 2019 (“Voting Agreement”). On April 26, 2022, the parties to the Voting Agreement entered into Amendment No. 1 to Voting Agreement (“Amended Voting Agreement”) wherein Caladrius as the sole holder of Series D Preferred Stock became a party to and subject to the terms of the Voting Agreement, among other things. Pursuant to the Voting Agreement and Amended Voting Agreement, for as long as at least 50% of the initially issued shares of Series B Preferred Stock remain outstanding, the	Caladrius does not have a stockholders agreement or any such similar agreement with any of its stockholders in place.

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Provision			Cend (Pre-Merger)			Caladrius (Post-Merger)
			that might result in the change of ownership of any intellectual property of Cend or enter into any exclusive license of any Cend intellectual property or (e) approve the annual business plan or other action which may lead to result in change of the business of Cend. Pursuant to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation, Cend shall not without the written consent or affirmative vote of the holders of Series B Preferred Stock (a) effect any sale of substantially all of the assets, merger, consolidation or other reorganization of Cend where Cend’s shareholders retain less than 50% voting power (b) liquidate, dissolve or wind-up the business and affairs of Cend, (c) acquires shares of capital stock of any other corporation, joint venture or partnership (d) enter into any transaction that might result in the change of ownership of any intellectual property of Cend or enter into any exclusive license of any Cend intellectual property (e) approve the annual business plan or other action which may lead to result in change of the business of Cend or (f) increase the authorized number of shares of any class or series of stock of Cend, or issue shares or other securities convertible into or exercisable into Cend Capital Stock with a financing transaction. The amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that Cend shall not without the written consent or affirmative vote of the holders of Series C Preferred Stock (a) alter the rights, powers or privileges in a way that adversely affects the Series C Preferred Stock (b) increase the number of authorized shares of any class or series of any capital stock of Cend, other than in connection with a permitted financing. The amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that Cend shall not, without the written consent of the holders of Series D Preferred Stock, (a) effect any sale of substantially all the assets of Cend wherein Cend’s shareholders retain less than 50% voting power (except for the

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Provision	Cend (Pre-Merger)	Caladrius (Post-Merger)
	made (i) to a stockholder’s immediate family by will or intestacy, (ii) bona fide pledge or mortgage of shares with a lending institution (iii) to Cend or any other stockholder of Cend, (iv) an officer or director of Cend, (v) pursuant to a merger, consolidation, reclassification, reorganization, or sale of all of the assets of the stockholder, (vi) transfer to a stockholder’s own shareholders, (vii) transfer to a stockholders’ limited partners are exempt from this Right of First Refusal.

Right of Co-Sale	Cend does not have a right of co-sale in place.	Caladrius does not have a right of co-sale in place.

Indemnification of Officers and Directors and Advancement of Expenses; Limitation on Personal Liability

Indemnification	The amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Cend provides that the corporation is authorized to provide indemnification of directors, officers and agents of Cend through by-laws provisions, agreements with such agents and other persons, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, in excess of the indemnification and advancement otherwise permitted by Delaware General Corporation Law. Cend’s by-laws provide that Cend shall indemnify its directors and executive officers to the fullest extent not prohibited by the DGCL or any other applicable law; provided, however, that Cend may modify the extent of indemnification by individual contracts with its directors and executive officers; and, provided, further, that Cend shall not be required to indemnify any director or executive officer in connection with any proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person unless (i) such indemnification is expressly required to be made by-law, (ii) the proceeding was authorized by the Cend Board of Directors of the corporation, (iii) such indemnification is provided by the corporation, in its sole discretion, pursuant to the powers vested in Cend under the DGCL or any other applicable law.	The amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Caladrius provides that Caladrius shall have the power to indemnify any director, officer, employee or agent of Caladrius who was or is a party or is threated to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative by reason of the fact that he or she is or was, or was serving at the request of Caladrius in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of Caladrius.

Advancement of Expenses	The amended and restated certification of incorporation state that to the fullest extent permitted by law, Cend is authorized to	The amended and restated certificate of incorporation states that Caladrius shall pay the expenses incurred by a director,

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Provision	Cend (Pre-Merger)	Caladrius (Post-Merger)
	advance expenses relating to indemnification of directors, offices and agents of Cend. Cend’s by-laws states that Cend shall pay the advance and reimburse the expenses incurred by a director, officer, employee or agent of Cend against expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be or not opposed to the best interests of Cend, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceedings, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.	officer, employee or agent of Caladrius against expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be or not opposed to the best interests of Caladrius, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceedings, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.

Declaration and Payment of Dividends	The amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that Cend shall declare all dividends pro rata on the common stock and Preferred Stock on a pari passu basis according to the number of shares of common stock held by such holders. For this purpose, each holder of shares of Preferred Stock will be treated as holding the greatest whole number of shares of Common Stock then issuable upon conversion of all shares of Preferred Stock.	The amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Caladrius Board of Directors, subject to the rights of the holders of Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, may declare and pay dividends upon the shares of Caladrius Common Stock. Caladrius shall not declare any dividends paid or set aside for payment or other distribution so long as any shares of the Caladrius Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock are outstanding, unless upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the same dividend is declared, paid or set aside for payment on all outstanding shares of the Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock or in the case of Caladrius Common Stock, ten times such dividend per share is declared, paid or set aside for payment on each outstanding share of the Caladrius Series B Preferred Stock.

Amendments to Certificate of Incorporation or By-Laws

General Provisions	The by-laws of Cend provide that the Cend Board of Directors is expressly empowered to adopt, amend or repeal the by-laws or any provision of the by-laws, provided however that in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of stock the corporation required by law or pursuant to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation, such action by the stockholders shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a	The amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius state that notwithstanding any other provisions of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation, the amended and restated by-laws or any provision of law which might otherwise permit a lesser vote or no vote, but in addition to any affirmative vote of the holders of a particular class or series of the voting stock required by law or by the amended and restated by-laws of

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Provision			Cend (Pre-Merger)			Caladrius (Post-Merger)
			majority of the voting power of the then- outstanding shares of capital stock of the corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of the directors, voting together, as a single class. Notwithstanding any other provisions of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation, the amended and restated certificate of incorporation can be amended by in accordance with Sections 242 and 245 of the DGCL when approved by the requisite number Cend shares in accordance with Section 228 of the DGCL.			Caladrius, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75 percent of the votes which all the stockholders would be entitled to cast at any annual election of directors or class of directors shall be required to alter, amend or repeal Article II of the amended and restated by-laws. The amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius further state that the Caladrius Board of Directors may alter, amend or repeal the amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius, except as otherwise stated in the amended and restated by-laws, by a vote of a majority of the directors present at any regular or special meeting with a quorum. The stockholders may alter, amend or repeal the amended and restated by-laws of Caladrius, except as otherwise stated in the amended and restated by-laws, by a vote of the holders of at least 75 percent of the voting power of then outstanding shares of capital stock.

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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS OF CALADRIUS

Except where specifically noted, the following information and all other information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement do not give effect to the proposed Reverse Stock Split described in Proposal No. 2.

The following table sets forth information relating to the beneficial ownership of Caladrius Common Stock as of June 13, 2022:

•	by each person, or group of affiliated persons, known by Caladrius to beneficially own more than 5% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock;

•	each of Caladrius’ directors and nominees for director;

•	each of Caladrius’ named executive officers; and

•	all directors, nominees and executive officers as a group.

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with SEC rules and regulations, and generally includes voting power or investment power with respect to securities held. Unless otherwise indicated and subject to applicable community property laws, we believe that each of the Caladrius Stockholders named in the table below has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares shown as beneficially owned. Securities that may be beneficially acquired within 60 days after June 13, 2022 are deemed to be beneficially owned by the person holding such securities for the purpose of computing the ownership of such person, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the ownership of any other person.

The percentage of shares beneficially owned is computed on the basis of 60,518,478 shares of Caladrius Common Stock outstanding as of June 13, 2022. Shares of Caladrius Common Stock that a person has the right to acquire within 60 days of June 13, 2022 are deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of the person holding such rights, but are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person, except with respect to the percentage ownership of all directors and executive officers as a group. Unless otherwise indicated below, the address for each beneficial owner listed is c/o Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., at 110 Allen Road, 2^nd Floor, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920.

The tables below list the number and percentage of shares beneficially owned based on 60,518,478 shares of Caladrius Common Stock outstanding as of June 13, 2022.

Directors and Named Executive Officers

Name of Beneficial Owner	Total Shares of Common Stock Beneficially Owned (#)	Percentage
David J. Mazzo, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer	1,059,734⁽¹⁾	1.7%
Kristen K. Buck, MD., Executive Vice President R&D and Chief Medical Officer	702,839⁽²⁾	1.2%
Todd Girolamo, Former Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary	229,930⁽³⁾	*
Gregory B. Brown, M.D., Chairman of the Board	90,510⁽⁴⁾	*
Michael Davidson, M.D., Director	110,281⁽⁵⁾	*
Cynthia L. Flowers, Director	80,417⁽⁶⁾	*
Steven Klosk, Director	93,330⁽⁷⁾	*
Steven S. Myers, Director	163,531⁽⁸⁾	*
Peter G. Traber, M.D., Director	92,060⁽⁹⁾	*
Anne C. Whitaker, Director	64,225⁽¹⁰⁾	*
All directors and executive officers as a group	2,686,857⁽¹¹⁾	4.3%

*	Indicates beneficial ownership of less than 1% of the total outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock.

(1)	Includes options to purchase up to 428,669 shares of our common stock which are exercisable within 60 days.

(2)	Includes options to purchase up to 383,636 shares of our common stock which are exercisable within 60 days.

(3)	Includes options to purchase up to 188,103 shares of our common stock which are exercisable within 60 days.

(4)	Includes 79,460 fully vested restricted stock units and options to purchase up to 6,900 shares of our common stock which are exercisable within 60 days.

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(5)	Includes 54,756 fully vested restricted stock units which are exercisable within 60 days.

(6)	Includes 80,417 fully vested restricted stock units which are exercisable within 60 days.

(7)	Includes 79,460 fully vested restricted stock units and options to purchase up to 7,370 shares of our common stock which are exercisable within 60 days.

(8)	Includes 79,460 fully vested restricted stock units and options to purchase up to 5,500 shares of our common stock which are exercisable within 60 days.

(9)	Includes 79,460 fully vested restricted stock units and options to purchase up to 8,300 shares of our common stock which are exercisable within 60 days.

(10)	Includes 64,225 fully vested restricted stock units which are exercisable within 60 days.

(11)	Includes 517,238 fully vested restricted stock units and options to purchase up to 1,028,478 shares of our common stock which are exercisable within 60 days.

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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS OF CEND

The following table sets forth information relating to the beneficial ownership of Cend Common Stock and each series of Preferred Stock as of June 13, 2022:

•	by each person, or group of affiliated persons, known by Cend to beneficially own more than 5% of the outstanding shares of Cend Common Stock;

•	each of Cend’s directors and nominees for director;

•	each of Cend’s named executive officers; and

•	all directors, nominees and executive officers as a group.

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with SEC rules and regulations, and generally includes voting power or investment power with respect to securities held. Unless otherwise indicated and subject to applicable community property laws, Cend believes that each of the Cend stockholders named in the table below has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares shown as beneficially owned. Securities that may be beneficially acquired within 60 days after June 13, 2022 are deemed to be beneficially owned by the person holding such securities for the purpose of computing the ownership of such person, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the ownership of any other person.

The percentage of shares beneficially owned is computed on the basis of 7,068,037 shares of Cend Common Stock outstanding as of June 13, 2022. Shares of Cend Common Stock that a person has the right to acquire within 60 days of June 13, 2022 are deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of the person holding such rights, but are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person, except with respect to the percentage ownership of all directors and executive officers as a group. Unless otherwise indicated below, the address for each beneficial owner listed is c/o Cend Therapeutics, Inc., 12544 High Bluff Drive, Suite 400, San Diego, California 92130.

The tables below list the number and percentage of shares beneficially owned based on 8,203,665 shares of Cend common stock outstanding as of June 8, 2022.

Directors, Named Executive Officers and Greater than 5% Stockholders

Name of Beneficial Owner	Total Shares of Common Stock Beneficially Owned (#)	Percentage
Erkki Ruoslahti, MD, PhD, Scientific Founder and Chairman	2,502,789⁽¹⁾	29.40
David Slack, MBA, President and Chief Executive Officer, Director	477,500⁽²⁾	5.50
Hari Jarvelainen, PhD, DVM, Chief Operating Officer	614,018⁽³⁾	6.96
F. Andrew Dorr, MD, Chief Medical Officer	44,000⁽⁴⁾	0.33
James Xiao, EMBA, Director	833,066⁽⁵⁾	10.11
Heidi Henson, CPA, CFO, Director	40,000⁽⁶⁾	0.49
Mike Sailor, PhD, Director	452,980⁽⁷⁾	4.76
Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute	715,707⁽⁸⁾	8.72
Kazuki Sugahara	524,790	6.36
Tambet Teesalu	514,790	6.25
Innovation 2016 Kyoto Investment Limited Partnership	815,400⁽⁹⁾	9.94
Caladrius Biosciences, Inc.	1,135,628⁽¹⁰⁾	13.84
All directors and executive officers as a group	4,964,353	57.55

(1)

This includes (i) an option to purchase 308,727 shares of common stock held by Erkki Ruoslahti (ii) 1,808,263 shares of common stock held by ER Trust 2/18/11 (ii) 54,691 shares of Series B Preferred Stock held by ER Trust 2/18/11 and (iii) 331,108 shares of Series C Preferred Stock held by ER Trust 2/18/11. Erkki Ruoslahti is the Trustee of ER Trust 2/18/11.

(2)	This includes an option to purchase 477,500 shares of common stock.

(3)	This includes an option to purchase 614,018 shares of common stock.

(4)	This includes an option to purchase 44,000 shares of common stock.

(5)

This includes an option to purchase 40,000 shares of common stock held by Jun Xiao, as an individual, and (i) 340,124 shares of common, (ii) 371,396 shares of Series A Preferred Stock and (iii) 81,546 shares of Series B Preferred Stock all held by Leading Choice International Limited. James Xiao is the Managing Director of Leading Choice International Limited.

(6)	This includes an option to purchase 40,000 shares of common stock.

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(7)	This includes an option to purchase 111,000 shares of common stock held by Michael Sailor as an individual and (i) 10,872 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, and (ii) 331,108 shares of Series C Preferred Stock held by Sailor Cheung Trust 10 March 2000. Michael Sailor is the Trustee.

(8)	The business address for the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute is 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037.

(9)	This includes 815,400 shares of Series B Preferred Stock. Nobuhiro Yagi is the Managing Director of Innovation 2016 Kyoto Investment Limited Partnership.

(10)	This includes 1,135,628 shares of Series D Preferred Stock.

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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS OF THE COMBINED ORGANIZATION

The following table and the related notes present certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of Caladrius Common Stock upon consummation of the Merger, assuming the Closing occurs on September 30, 2022, by:

•	each person, or group of affiliated persons, expected by Caladrius or Cend to become the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock upon consummation of the Merger;

•	each of the combined organization’s directors and nominees for director;

•	each of the combined organization’s named executive officers; and

•	all directors, nominees and executive officers of the combined organization as a group.

The number of shares of Caladrius Common Stock beneficially owned by each entity, person, director, nominee or executive officer is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Under such rules, beneficial ownership includes any shares over which the individual has sole or shared voting power or investment power as well as any shares that the individual has the right to acquire within 60 days of September 30, 2022 through the exercise of stock options or other rights. Except as otherwise indicated, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of capital stock held by that person.

The following table assumes that Caladrius will have 60,518,478 shares of Caladrius Common Stock outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, and that Cend will have 7,068,037 shares of Cend Capital Stock outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time. Based on the assumed capitalization of Caladrius and Cend immediately prior to the Effective Time as set forth above, and further assuming that Caladrius’ net cash immediately prior to the Effective Time is $70.0 million, the Exchange Ratio will be approximately 8.5623 and at the Effective Time each share of Cend Capital Stock will be converted into the right to receive an aggregate of approximately 8.5623 shares of Caladrius Common Stock. Neither the assumed capitalization nor the assumed Exchange Ratio set forth above give effect to the Reverse Stock Split. Shares of Caladrius Common Stock that may be acquired by an individual or group within 60 days of September 30, 2022, pursuant to the exercise of options or warrants, are deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of such individual or group, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of Caladrius Common Stock of any other person shown in the table. Unless otherwise indicated below, the address for each beneficial owner listed is c/o Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., at 110 Allen Road, 2nd Floor, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920.

	Beneficial Ownership
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner	Number of Shares Beneficially Owned	Percentage of Beneficial Ownership
5% and Greater Stockholders
Innovation 2016 Kyoto Investment Limited Partnership	6,981,699	5.8%
Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute	6,128,098	5.1%
Named Executive Officers and Directors
David J. Mazzo, Ph.D.	1,059,734⁽¹⁾	*
David Slack	4,088,498⁽²⁾	3.3%
Kristen K. Buck, M.D.	702,839⁽³⁾	*
Heidi Henson	342,492⁽⁴⁾	*
Erkki Ruoslahti	21,429,630⁽⁵⁾	17.3%
Gregory B. Brown, M.D.	90,510⁽⁶⁾	*

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	Beneficial Ownership
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner	Number of Shares Beneficially Owned	Percentage of Beneficial Ownership
Steven M. Klosk	93,330⁽⁷⁾	*
Cynthia L. Flowers	80,417⁽⁸⁾	*
Mohammad Azab, MD, MBA	—	—
All directors and executive officers as a group (9 persons)	27,887,450	21.6%

*	Indicates beneficial ownership of less than 1% of the total outstanding shares of Caladrius Common Stock.

(1)	Includes options to purchase up to 428,669 shares of our common stock.

(2)	Includes options to purchase up to 4,088,498 shares of our common stock.

(3)	Includes options to purchase up to 383,636 shares of our common stock.

(4)	Includes options to purchase up to 342,492 shares of our common stock.

(5)	Includes options to purchase up to 2,643,413 shares of our common stock.

(6)	Includes 79,460 fully vested restricted stock units and options to purchase up to 6,900 shares of our common stock.

(7)	Includes 79,460 fully vested restricted stock units and options to purchase up to 7,370 shares of our common stock.

(8)	Includes 80,417 fully vested restricted stock units.

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LEGAL MATTERS

Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C. will pass upon the validity of the Caladrius Common Stock offered by this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement.

EXPERTS

The audited consolidated financial statements of Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. included in this proxy statement/prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement have been so included in reliance upon the report of Grant Thornton LLP, independent registered public accountants, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

The financial statements of Cend Therapeutics, Inc. as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, included in this proxy statement/prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of Withum Smith+Brown, PC, independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

Caladrius files annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any reports, statements or other information that Caladrius files at the SEC public reference room in at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms. Caladrius SEC filings are also available to the public from commercial document retrieval services and on the website maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. Reports, proxy statements and other information concerning Caladrius also may be inspected at the offices of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., Listing Section, 1735 K Street, Washington, D.C. 20006.

As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement, Caladrius has filed a registration statement on Form S-4 to register with the SEC the Caladrius Common Stock that Caladrius will issue to Cend Stockholders in the Merger. This proxy statement/prospectus/information statement is a part of that registration statement and constitutes a prospectus of Caladrius, as well as a proxy statement of Caladrius for the Annual Meeting and an information statement for the purpose of Cend for its written consent.

Caladrius has supplied all information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement relating to Caladrius, and Cend has supplied all information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement relating to Cend.

If you would like to request documents from Caladrius or Cend, please send a request in writing or by telephone to either Caladrius or Cend at the following addresses:

Caladrius Biosciences, Inc.

110 Allen Road, 2^nd Floor

Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920

Telephone: (908) 842-0100

Attn: President and Chief Financial Officer

Cend Therapeutics, Inc.

12544 High Bluff Drive, Suite 400

San Diego, California

Telephone: (858) 795-5123

E-mail: info@cendrx.com

Attn: President and Chief Executive Officer

If you are a Caladrius Stockholder and would like additional copies, without charge, of this proxy statement/prospectus or if you have questions about the Merger, including the procedures for voting your shares, you should contact Caladrius’ proxy solicitor, Alliance Advisors, at the following address and telephone number:

Alliance Advisors, LLC

200 Broadacres Drive, 3rd Floor

Bloomfield, NJ 07003

Call: 973-873-7700

Fax: 973-338-1430

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TRADEMARK NOTICE

Caladrius®, XOWNA® and HONEDRA® are registered trademarks of Caladrius in the United States and other jurisdictions. CendR Platform™ is an unregistered trademark of Cend. Other third-party logos and product/trade names are registered trademarks or trade names of their respective companies.

OTHER MATTERS

Stockholder Proposals

If you wish to submit a stockholder proposal pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act for inclusion in our proxy statement for our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, you must submit the proposal to our Secretary at Caladrius’ principal executive offices located at 110 Allen Road, 2nd Floor, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920 no later than April 4, 2023, in accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act. Any such proposal must meet the requirements set forth in the rules and regulations of the SEC in order to be eligible for inclusion in the proxy statement for the 2023 annual meeting.

In addition, if you desire to bring business or nominate an individual for election or re-election as a director outside of Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act before our 2023 annual meeting, you must comply with our bylaws, which currently require that you have provided written notice of such business or nominee to our Secretary at Caladrius’ principal executive offices located at 110 Allen Road, 2nd Floor, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920 no earlier than 5:00 pm, May 16, 2023 and no later 5:00 pm, June 15, 2023, and otherwise comply with the advance notice and other provisions set forth in our bylaws, which contain additional requirements regarding advance notice of stockholder proposals and director nominations.

Stockholder Communications with the Caladrius Board of Directors

Caladrius Stockholders may communicate with the Caladrius Board of Directors, or an individual director, by sending written correspondence to Caladrius’ Corporate Secretary at Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., 110 Allen Road, 2^nd Floor, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920. The Corporate Secretary will review such correspondence and forward it to the Caladrius Board of Directors, or an individual director, as appropriate.

Householding of Proxy Materials

The SEC has adopted rules known as “householding” that permit companies and intermediaries (such as brokers) to deliver one set of proxy materials to multiple stockholders residing at the same address. This process enables Caladrius to reduce Caladrius’ printing and distribution costs, and reduce Caladrius’ environmental impact. Householding is available to both Caladrius registered stockholders and beneficial owners of Caladrius shares held in street name.

Registered Stockholders

If you are a Caladrius registered stockholder and have consented to householding, then Caladrius will deliver or mail one set of its proxy materials, as applicable, for all registered stockholders residing at the same address. Your consent will continue unless you revoke it, which you may do at any time by providing notice to Caladrius’ Corporate Secretary by telephone at (908) 842-0100 or by mail at 110 Allen Road, 2^nd Floor, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920.

If you are a registered stockholder who has not consented to householding, then Caladrius will continue to deliver or mail copies of Caladrius’ proxy materials, as applicable, to each registered stockholder residing at the same address. You may elect to participate in householding and receive only one set of proxy materials for all registered stockholders residing at the same address by providing notice to Caladrius as described above.

Street Name Holders

Caladrius Stockholders who hold their shares through a brokerage may elect to participate in householding, or revoke their consent to participate in householding, by contacting their respective brokers.

Annual Reports

This proxy statement is accompanied by Caladrius’ 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “2021 Annual Report”), excluding exhibits. Exhibits to the 2021 Annual Report are available upon payment of a reasonable

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fee, which is limited to Caladrius’ expenses in furnishing the requested exhibit. All requests should be directed to Caladrius’ Corporate Secretary at Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., 110 Allen Road, 2^nd Floor, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920.

WHETHER OR NOT YOU PLAN TO PARTICIPATE IN THE LIVE WEBCAST ANNUAL MEETING, PLEASE VOTE YOUR SHARES THROUGH THE INTERNET, BY TELEPHONE OR, IF YOU RECEIVED A PROXY CARD, BY SIGNING AND RETURNING THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD AS SOON AS POSSIBLE TO MAKE SURE THAT YOUR SHARES OF CALADRIUS STOCK ARE REPRESENTED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION IN THIS MATTER. YOUR PROMPT RESPONSE WILL GREATLY FACILITATE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE ANNUAL MEETING.

Caladrius has filed the 2021 Annual Report and this proxy statement/prospectus/information statement with the SEC and each is also available in the “Financials & Filings” section on Caladrius’ investor relations website at https://ir.caladrius.com and at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, upon written request to Caladrius’ Corporate Secretary at Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., 110 Allen Road, 2^nd Floor, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920, Caladrius will mail a paper copy of the 2021 Annual Report, including the financial statements and the financial statement schedules, to you free of charge.

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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Financial Statements:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID Number 248)			FS-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2021 and 2020			FS-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations - Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020			FS-4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020			FS-5
Consolidated Statements of Equity - Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020			FS-6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020			FS-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements			FS-8

Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2022 (unaudited) and December 31, 2021			FS-23
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)			FS-24
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)			FS-25
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)			FS-26
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)			FS-27
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements			FS-28

CEND THERAPEUTICS, INC.

Audited Financial Statements:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm			FS-39
Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2020 and 2021:
Consolidated Balance Sheets			FS-40
Consolidated Statements of Operations			FS-41
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)			FS-42
Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)			FS-43
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			FS-44
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements			FS-45

CEND THERAPEUTICS, INC.

INDEX TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022 (unaudited)			FS-64
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2022 (unaudited)			FS-65
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2022 (unaudited)			FS-66
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2022 (unaudited)			FS-67
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2022 (unaudited)			FS-68
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements			FS-69

FS-1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders of Caladrius Biosciences, Inc.

Opinion on the financial statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical audit matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2011.

New York, New York

March 22, 2022

FS-2

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

110 Allen Road, 2nd Floor
Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920
(908) 842-0100

(Address including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)