Business Segments | Business Segments Torchmark's reportable segments are based on the insurance product lines it markets and administers: life insurance, health insurance, and annuities. These major product lines are set out as reportable segments because of the common characteristics of products within these categories, comparability of margins, and the similarity in regulatory environment and management techniques. Torchmark's chief operating decision makers evaluate the overall performance of the operations of the Company in accordance with these segments. Annuity revenue is classified as “Other premium.” Management’s measure of profitability for each insurance segment is insurance underwriting margin, which is underwriting income before other income and insurance administrative expenses. It represents the profit margin on insurance products before administrative expenses, and is calculated by deducting net policy obligations (claims incurred and change in reserves), commissions and other acquisition expenses from premium revenue. Torchmark further views the profitability of each insurance product segment by the marketing groups that distribute the products of that segment: direct response, independent agencies, or captive agencies. Torchmark’s management prefers to evaluate the performance of its underwriting and investment activities separately, rather than allocating investment income to the underwriting results. As such, the investment function is presented as a stand-alone segment. The investment segment includes the management of the investment portfolio, debt, and cash flow. Management’s measure of profitability for this segment is excess investment income, which is the income earned on the investment portfolio less the required interest on net policy liabilities and financing costs. Financing costs include the interest on Torchmark’s debt. Other income and insurance administrative expense are classified in a separate Other segment. The majority of the Company’s required interest on net policy liabilities (benefit reserves less the deferred acquisition cost asset) is not credited to policyholder accounts. Instead, it is an actuarial assumption for discounting cash flows in the computation of benefit reserves and the amortization of the deferred acquisition cost asset. Investment income required to fund the required interest on net policy liabilities is removed from the investment segment and applied to the insurance segments to eliminate the effect of the required interest from the insurance segments. As a result, the investment segment measures net investment income against the required interest on net policy liabilities and financing costs, while the insurance segments simply measure premiums against benefits and expenses. We believe this presentation facilitates a more meaningful analysis of the Company’s underwriting and investment performance as the underwriting results are based on premiums, claims, and expenses and are not affected by unanticipated fluctuations in investment yields. As noted, Torchmark’s “core operations” are insurance and investment management. The insurance segments issue policies for which premiums are collected for the eventual payment of policy benefits. In addition to policy benefits, operating expenses are incurred including acquisition costs, administrative expenses, and taxes. Because life and health contracts can be long term, premium receipts in excess of current expenses are invested. Investment activities, conducted by the investment segment, focus on seeking quality investments with a yield and term appropriate to support the insurance product obligations. These investments generally consist of fixed maturities, and, over the long term, the expected yields are taken into account when setting insurance premium rates and product profitability expectations. As a result, fixed maturities are generally held for long periods to support the liabilities, and Torchmark generally expects to hold investments until maturity. Dispositions of investments occur from time to time, generally for reasons such as credit concerns, calls by issuers, or other factors. Dispositions are sometimes required in order to maintain the Company’s investment policies and objectives. Investments are also occasionally written down as a result of other-than-temporary impairment, as discussed in Note 4—Investments . Torchmark does not actively trade investments. As a result, realized gains and losses from the disposition and write down of investments are generally incidental to operations and are not considered a material factor in insurance pricing or product profitability. While from time to time these realized gains and losses could be significant to net income in the period in which they occur, they generally have a limited effect on the yield of the total investment portfolio. Further, because the proceeds of the disposals are reinvested in the portfolio, the disposals have little effect on the size of the portfolio and the income from the reinvestments is included in net investment income. Therefore, management removes realized investment gains and losses from results of core operations when evaluating the performance of the Company. For this reason, these gains and losses are excluded from Torchmark’s operating segments. Torchmark accounts for its stock options and restricted stock under current accounting guidance requiring stock options and stock grants to be expensed based on fair value at the time of grant. Management considers stock compensation expense to be an expense of the Parent Company. Therefore, stock compensation expense is treated as a corporate expense in Torchmark’s segment analysis. The following tables set forth a reconciliation of Torchmark’s revenues and operations by segment to its pretax income and each significant line item in its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations . Reconciliation of Segment Operating Information to the Consolidated Statement of Operations Three Months Ended June 30, 2016 Life Health Annuity Investment Other & Adjustments Consolidated Revenue: Premium $ 548,590 $ 237,252 $ 13 $ 785,855 Net investment income $ 201,642 201,642 Other income $ 422 $ (40 ) (2) 382 Total revenue 548,590 237,252 13 201,642 422 (40 ) 987,879 Expenses: Policy benefits 369,342 153,261 8,882 531,485 Required interest on reserves (143,625 ) (18,251 ) (12,506 ) 174,382 — Required interest on DAC 44,476 5,766 205 (50,447 ) — Amortization of acquisition costs 93,663 22,102 1,480 117,245 Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs 41,130 21,753 11 (40 ) (2) 62,854 Insurance administrative expense (1) 48,413 48,413 Parent expense 2,379 2,379 Stock compensation expense 7,054 7,054 Interest expense 23,110 23,110 Total expenses 404,986 184,631 (1,928 ) 147,045 57,846 (40 ) 792,540 Subtotal 143,604 52,621 1,941 54,597 (57,424 ) — 195,339 Nonoperating items — — Measure of segment profitability (pretax) $ 143,604 $ 52,621 $ 1,941 $ 54,597 $ (57,424 ) $ — 195,339 Deduct applicable income taxes (58,649 ) Segment profits after tax 136,690 Add back income taxes applicable to segment profitability 58,649 Add (deduct) realized investment gains (losses) 4,005 Pretax income per Consolidated Statements of Operations $ 199,344 (1) Administrative expense is not allocated to insurance segments. (2) Elimination of intersegment commission. Three Months Ended June 30, 2015 (3) Life Health Annuity Investment Other & Adjustments Consolidated Revenue: Premium $ 520,038 $ 232,409 $ 37 $ 752,484 Net investment income $ 194,823 194,823 Other income $ 742 $ (51 ) (2) 691 Total revenue 520,038 232,409 37 194,823 742 (51 ) 947,998 Expenses: Policy benefits 347,364 151,198 9,754 508,316 Required interest on reserves (137,430 ) (17,151 ) (13,387 ) 167,968 — Required interest on DAC 43,139 5,690 294 (49,123 ) — Amortization of acquisition costs 88,737 20,740 2,261 111,738 Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs 38,851 20,320 12 (51 ) (2) 59,132 Insurance administrative expense (1) 45,474 45,474 Parent expense 2,312 2,312 Stock compensation expense 7,802 7,802 Interest expense 19,114 19,114 Total expenses 380,661 180,797 (1,066 ) 137,959 55,588 (51 ) 753,888 Subtotal 139,377 51,612 1,103 56,864 (54,846 ) — 194,110 Nonoperating items — — Measure of segment profitability (pretax) $ 139,377 $ 51,612 $ 1,103 $ 56,864 $ (54,846 ) $ — 194,110 Deduct applicable income taxes (63,282 ) Segment profits after tax 130,828 Add back income taxes applicable to segment profitability 63,282 Add (deduct) realized investment gains (losses) 2,613 Pretax income per Consolidated Statements of Operations $ 196,723 (1) Administrative expense is not allocated to insurance segments. (2) Elimination of intersegment commission. (3) Certain prior year balances were adjusted to give effect to discontinued operations as described in Note 5—Discontinued Operations . Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 Life Health Annuity Investment Other & Adjustments Consolidated Revenue: Premium $ 1,092,741 $ 472,949 $ 25 $ 1,565,715 Net investment income $ 398,695 398,695 Other income $ 887 $ (84 ) (2) 803 Total revenue 1,092,741 472,949 25 398,695 887 (84 ) 1,965,213 Expenses: Policy benefits 732,202 306,036 18,220 1,056,458 Required interest on reserves (285,636 ) (36,327 ) (25,598 ) 347,561 — Required interest on DAC 88,678 11,508 429 (100,615 ) — Amortization of acquisition costs 188,202 44,467 3,382 236,051 Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs 81,391 43,129 20 (84 ) (2) 124,456 Insurance administrative expense (1) 96,881 96,881 Parent expense 4,405 4,405 Stock compensation expense 13,989 13,989 Interest expense 42,479 42,479 Total expenses 804,837 368,813 (3,547 ) 289,425 115,275 (84 ) 1,574,719 Subtotal 287,904 104,136 3,572 109,270 (114,388 ) — 390,494 Nonoperating items — — Measure of segment profitability (pretax) $ 287,904 $ 104,136 $ 3,572 $ 109,270 $ (114,388 ) $ — 390,494 Deduct applicable income taxes (120,420 ) Segment profits after tax 270,074 Add back income taxes applicable to segment profitability 120,420 Add (deduct) realized investment gains (losses) 4,298 Pretax income per Consolidated Statements of Operations $ 394,792 (1) Administrative expense is not allocated to insurance segments. (2) Elimination of intersegment commission. Six Months Ended June 30, 2015 (3) Life Health Annuity Investment Other & Adjustments Consolidated Revenue: Premium $ 1,033,380 $ 461,082 $ 78 $ 1,494,540 Net investment income $ 386,419 386,419 Other income $ 1,464 $ (104 ) (2) 1,360 Total revenue 1,033,380 461,082 78 386,419 1,464 (104 ) 1,882,319 Expenses: Policy benefits 687,065 299,227 19,799 1,006,091 Required interest on reserves (273,615 ) (34,034 ) (26,756 ) 334,405 — Required interest on DAC 85,985 11,358 607 (97,950 ) — Amortization of acquisition costs 177,265 40,924 4,209 222,398 Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs 75,900 40,418 23 (104 ) (2) 116,237 Insurance administrative expense (1) 91,425 91,425 Parent expense 4,485 4,485 Stock compensation expense 15,041 15,041 Interest expense 38,174 38,174 Total expenses 752,600 357,893 (2,118 ) 274,629 110,951 (104 ) 1,493,851 Subtotal 280,780 103,189 2,196 111,790 (109,487 ) — 388,468 Nonoperating items — — Measure of segment profitability (pretax) $ 280,780 $ 103,189 $ 2,196 $ 111,790 $ (109,487 ) $ — 388,468 Deduct applicable income taxes (126,939 ) Segment profits after tax 261,529 Add back income taxes applicable to segment profitability 126,939 Add (deduct) realized investment gains (losses) 2,732 Pretax income per Consolidated Statements of Operations $ 391,200 (1) Administrative expense is not allocated to insurance segments. (2) Elimination of intersegment commission. (3) Certain prior year balances were adjusted to give effect to discontinued operations as described in Note 5—Discontinued Operations . The following table summarizes the measures of segment profitability for comparison. It also reconciles segment profits to net income. Analysis of Profitability by Segment Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2016 2015 2016 2015 Life insurance underwriting margin $ 143,604 $ 139,377 $ 287,904 $ 280,780 Health insurance underwriting margin 52,621 51,612 104,136 103,189 Annuity underwriting margin 1,941 1,103 3,572 2,196 Excess investment income 54,597 56,864 109,270 111,790 Other and corporate: Other income 422 742 887 1,464 Administrative expense (48,413 ) (45,474 ) (96,881 ) (91,425 ) Corporate and adjustments (9,433 ) (10,114 ) (18,394 ) (19,526 ) Pre-tax total 195,339 194,110 390,494 388,468 Applicable taxes (58,649 ) (63,282 ) (120,420 ) (126,939 ) After-tax total, before discontinued operations 136,690 130,828 270,074 261,529 Discontinued operations (after tax) (1) (865 ) (5,417 ) (10,406 ) (14,547 ) After-tax total, after discontinued operations 135,825 125,411 259,668 246,982 Reconciling items, net of tax: Realized gains (losses) - Investments 2,604 1,699 2,794 1,776 Net income $ 138,429 $ 127,110 $ 262,462 $ 248,758 (1) Income (loss) from discontinued operations (after tax) is included for purpose of reconciling to net income. |