Investments | Investments Portfolio Composition : A summary of fixed maturities available for sale by cost or amortized cost and estimated fair value at December 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows: 2016: Cost or Gross Gross Fair Value (1) % of Total (2) Fixed maturities available for sale: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 381,054 $ 895 $ (9,151 ) $ 372,798 3 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 1,284,605 126,850 (1,327 ) 1,410,128 9 Foreign governments 21,701 1,438 (62 ) 23,077 — Corporates, by sector: Financial 2,963,584 285,037 (45,885 ) 3,202,736 21 Utilities 1,875,946 249,701 (12,604 ) 2,113,043 14 Energy 1,542,426 127,989 (44,324 ) 1,626,091 11 Other corporate sectors 5,601,136 424,021 (84,547 ) 5,940,610 39 Total corporates 11,983,092 1,086,748 (187,360 ) 12,882,480 85 Collateralized debt obligations 60,726 13,062 (10,285 ) 63,503 — Other asset-backed securities 56,410 621 (337 ) 56,694 — Redeemable preferred stocks, by sector: Financial 371,862 43,383 (7,218 ) 408,027 3 Utilities 28,600 798 (244 ) 29,154 — Total redeemable preferred stocks 400,462 44,181 (7,462 ) 437,181 3 Total fixed maturities $ 14,188,050 $ 1,273,795 $ (215,984 ) $ 15,245,861 100 (1) Amount reported in the balance sheet. (2) At fair value. 2015: Cost or Gross Gross Fair Value (1) % of Total (2) Fixed maturities available for sale: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 368,718 $ 404 $ (14,078 ) $ 355,044 3 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 1,296,396 131,516 (1,908 ) 1,426,004 10 Foreign governments 21,594 1,369 (163 ) 22,800 — Corporates, by sector: Financial 2,760,552 301,624 (54,881 ) 3,007,295 22 Utilities 1,981,241 223,535 (28,267 ) 2,176,509 16 Energy 1,568,392 53,776 (219,101 ) 1,403,067 10 Other corporate sectors 4,761,192 294,026 (230,911 ) 4,824,307 35 Total corporates 11,071,377 872,961 (533,160 ) 11,411,178 83 Collateralized debt obligations 63,662 16,158 (9,438 ) 70,382 1 Other asset-backed securities 18,963 668 — 19,631 — Redeemable preferred stocks, by sector: Financial 382,517 45,926 (4,781 ) 423,662 3 Utilities 28,644 731 (52 ) 29,323 — Total redeemable preferred stocks 411,161 46,657 (4,833 ) 452,985 3 Total fixed maturities $ 13,251,871 $ 1,069,733 $ (563,580 ) $ 13,758,024 100 (1) Amount reported in the balance sheet. (2) At fair value. Securities held on deposits with various state and federal regulatory authorities had a carrying value of $600 million and $555 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. A schedule of fixed maturities by contractual maturity at December 31, 2016 is shown below on an amortized cost basis and on a fair value basis. Actual maturities could differ from contractual maturities due to call or prepayment provisions. Amortized Fair Fixed maturities available for sale: Due in one year or less $ 23,969 $ 24,573 Due from one to five years 640,903 688,509 Due from five to ten years 1,228,081 1,337,752 Due from ten to twenty years 4,278,896 4,746,466 Due after twenty years 7,897,726 8,326,907 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 118,475 121,654 $ 14,188,050 $ 15,245,861 Analysis of investment operations : Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Net investment income is summarized as follows: Fixed maturities $ 778,912 $ 747,663 $ 732,925 Policy loans 38,436 36,763 35,015 Other long-term investments 2,786 2,021 1,516 Short-term investments 447 95 75 820,581 786,542 769,531 Less investment expense (13,678 ) (12,591 ) (11,245 ) Net investment income $ 806,903 $ 773,951 $ 758,286 An analysis of realized gains (losses) from investments is as follows: Realized investment gains (losses): Fixed maturities $ (10,645 ) $ (9,479 ) $ 23,170 Other investments (38 ) 688 636 Loss on redemption on debt — — (258 ) (10,683 ) (8,791 ) 23,548 Applicable tax 3,739 3,077 (8,242 ) Realized gains (losses) from investments, net of tax $ (6,944 ) $ (5,714 ) $ 15,306 An analysis of the net change in unrealized investment gains (losses) is as follows: Fixed maturities $ 551,658 $ (1,163,295 ) $ 1,279,190 Other investments 2,143 (2,737 ) 3,872 Net change in unrealized gains (losses) $ 553,801 $ (1,166,032 ) $ 1,283,062 Additional information about securities sold is as follows: At December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Fixed maturities: Proceeds from sales (1) $ 358,285 $ 226,792 $ 109,024 Gross realized gains 6,133 259 17,583 Gross realized losses (32,608 ) (16,894 ) (1,879 ) (1) Includes unsettled sales of $18 million at December 31, 2016 . Fair value measurements : The following tables represent the fair value of fixed maturities measured on a recurring basis at December 31, 2016 and 2015 : Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using: Description Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total Fair Value Fixed maturities available for sale: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ — $ 372,798 $ — $ 372,798 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 45,302 1,364,826 — 1,410,128 Foreign governments — 23,077 — 23,077 Corporates, by sector: Financial — 3,141,611 61,125 3,202,736 Utilities — 1,959,143 153,900 2,113,043 Energy — 1,598,976 27,115 1,626,091 Other corporate sectors — 5,623,150 317,460 5,940,610 Total corporates — 12,322,880 559,600 12,882,480 Collateralized debt obligations — — 63,503 63,503 Other asset-backed securities — 56,694 — 56,694 Redeemable preferred stocks, by sector: Financial — 408,027 — 408,027 Utilities — 29,154 — 29,154 Total redeemable preferred stocks — 437,181 — 437,181 Total fixed maturities $ 45,302 $ 14,577,456 $ 623,103 $ 15,245,861 Percentage of total 0.3 % 95.6 % 4.1 % 100.0 % Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2015 Using: Description Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total Fair Value Fixed maturities available for sale: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ — $ 355,044 $ — $ 355,044 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions — 1,426,004 — 1,426,004 Foreign governments — 22,800 — 22,800 Corporates, by sector: Financial — 2,945,048 62,247 3,007,295 Utilities 22,189 2,020,268 134,052 2,176,509 Energy — 1,377,861 25,206 1,403,067 Other corporate sectors — 4,515,006 309,301 4,824,307 Total corporates 22,189 10,858,183 530,806 11,411,178 Collateralized debt obligations — — 70,382 70,382 Other asset-backed securities — 19,631 — 19,631 Redeemable preferred stocks, by sector: Financial 10,124 413,538 — 423,662 Utilities — 29,323 — 29,323 Total redeemable preferred stocks 10,124 442,861 — 452,985 Total fixed maturities $ 32,313 $ 13,124,523 $ 601,188 $ 13,758,024 Percentage of total 0.2 % 95.4 % 4.4 % 100.0 % The following table represents changes in fixed maturities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). Analysis of Changes in Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Collateralized debt Obligations Corporates Total Balance at January 1, 2014 $ 58,205 $ 300,300 $ 358,505 Total gains or losses: Included in realized gains/losses 15,924 1 15,925 Included in other comprehensive income 3,323 27,864 31,187 Acquisitions — 186,366 186,366 Sales (16,049 ) (1 ) (16,050 ) Amortization 5,519 13 5,532 Other (1) (3,690 ) (1,829 ) (5,519 ) Transfers into (out of) Level 3 — — — Balance at December 31, 2014 63,232 512,714 575,946 Total gains or losses: Included in realized gains/losses — 1,182 1,182 Included in other comprehensive income 11,365 (11,925 ) (560 ) Acquisitions — 38,600 38,600 Sales — — — Amortization 5,536 17 5,553 Other (1) (9,751 ) (9,782 ) (19,533 ) Transfers into (out of) Level 3 — — — Balance at December 31, 2015 70,382 530,806 601,188 Total gains or losses: Included in realized gains/losses — 788 788 Included in other comprehensive income (3,943 ) 6,403 2,460 Acquisitions — 33,662 33,662 Sales — — — Amortization 5,186 17 5,203 Other (1) (8,122 ) (12,076 ) (20,198 ) Transfers into (out of) Level 3 — — — Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 63,503 $ 559,600 $ 623,103 (1) Includes foreign exchange adjustments and principal repayments. Acquisitions of Level 3 investments in each of the years 2014 through 2016 are comprised of private-placement fixed maturities managed by an unaffiliated third-party. See Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies for more information on private placements. Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements As of December 31, 2016 Fair Value Valuation Unobservable Range Weighted Collateralized debt obligations $ 63,503 Discounted cash flows Discount 9.3 - 10.45% 10.3% Private placement fixed maturities 559,600 Determination of credit spread Credit A+ to B BBB Discounted cash flows Discount 2.82 - 6.55% 4.17% $ 623,103 The collateral underlying collateralized debt obligations for which fair values are reported as Level 3 consists primarily of trust preferred securities issued by banks and insurance companies. Collateralized debt obligations are valued at the present value of expected future cash flows using an unobservable discount rate. Expected cash flows are determined by scheduling the projected repayment of the collateral assuming no future defaults, deferrals, or recoveries. The discount rate is risk-adjusted to take these items into account. A significant increase (decrease) in the discount rate will produce a significant decrease (increase) in fair value. Additionally, a significant increase (decrease) in the cash flow expectations would result in a significant increase (decrease) in fair value. The private placement fixed maturities are valued based on the contractual cash flows discounted by a yield determined as a treasury benchmark adjusted for a credit spread. The credit spread is developed from observable indices for similar public fixed maturities and unobservable indices for private fixed maturities for corresponding credit ratings. However, the credit ratings for the private placements are considered unobservable inputs, as they are assigned by the third party investment manager based on a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the credit underwritten. A higher (lower) credit rating would result in a higher (lower) valuation. For more information regarding valuation procedures, please refer to Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies under the caption Fair Value Measurements, Investments in Securities . The following table presents transfers in and out of each of the valuation levels of fair values. 2016 2015 2014 In Out Net In Out Net In Out Net Level 1 $ 45,344 $ — $ 45,344 $ 17,252 $ (49,744 ) $ (32,492 ) $ 36,468 $ — $ 36,468 Level 2 — (45,344 ) (45,344 ) 49,744 (17,252 ) 32,492 — (36,468 ) (36,468 ) Level 3 — — — — — — — — — Transfers into Level 2 from Level 3 result from the availability of observable market data when a security is valued at the end of a period. Transfers into Level 3 occur when there is a lack of observable market information. Transfers into Level 1 from Level 2 occur when direct quotes are available; transfers from Level 1 into Level 2 result when only observable market data and no direct quotes are available. Transfers between levels are recognized as of the end of the period of transfer. Other-than-temporary impairments (OTTI) : Based on the Company's evaluation of its fixed maturities in an unrealized loss position in accordance with the OTTI policy as described in Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies , the Company concluded that there were no other-than-temporary impairments during the three years ended December 31, 2016 . As of year end 2016 , previously written down securities remaining in the portfolio were carried at a fair value of $54 million , or less than 0.4% of the fair value of the fixed maturity portfolio. Torchmark is continuously monitoring the market conditions impacting its portfolio. While adverse market conditions for an extended duration could lead to some ratings downgrades in certain sectors, Torchmark has the ability and intent to hold these investments to recovery, and does not intend to sell or expect to be required to sell any of its securities in such a position. Unrealized gains/loss analysis : The following tables disclose gross unrealized investment losses by class and major sector of investments at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 for the respective periods of time in a loss position. Torchmark considers these investments to be only temporarily impaired. ANALYSIS OF GROSS UNREALIZED INVESTMENT LOSSES At December 31, 2016 Less than Twelve Months Twelve Months or Longer Total Description of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fixed maturities available for sale: Investment grade securities: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 321,133 $ (8,553 ) $ 1,404 $ (598 ) $ 322,537 $ (9,151 ) States, municipalities and political subdivisions 32,178 (1,114 ) 683 (19 ) 32,861 (1,133 ) Foreign governments 4,416 (62 ) — — 4,416 (62 ) Corporates, by sector: Financial 479,669 (18,666 ) 64,335 (4,627 ) 544,004 (23,293 ) Utilities 290,732 (11,000 ) 16,977 (1,604 ) 307,709 (12,604 ) Energy 83,064 (1,076 ) 154,908 (18,127 ) 237,972 (19,203 ) Metals and mining 5,936 (231 ) 5,789 (187 ) 11,725 (418 ) Other corporate sectors 1,564,273 (65,131 ) 68,968 (6,495 ) 1,633,241 (71,626 ) Total corporates 2,423,674 (96,104 ) 310,977 (31,040 ) 2,734,651 (127,144 ) Other asset-backed securities 41,498 (337 ) — — 41,498 (337 ) Redeemable preferred stocks, by sector: Utilities 5,857 (244 ) — — 5,857 (244 ) Total redeemable preferred stocks 5,857 (244 ) — — 5,857 (244 ) Total investment grade securities 2,828,756 (106,414 ) 313,064 (31,657 ) 3,141,820 (138,071 ) Below investment grade securities: States, municipalities and political subdivisions — — 357 (194 ) 357 (194 ) Corporates, by sector: — — Financial — — 83,174 (22,592 ) 83,174 (22,592 ) Energy 15,567 (385 ) 91,165 (24,736 ) 106,732 (25,121 ) Metals and mining 32,478 (172 ) 34,463 (2,023 ) 66,941 (2,195 ) Other corporate sectors 51,640 (291 ) 95,679 (10,017 ) 147,319 (10,308 ) Total corporates 99,685 (848 ) 304,481 (59,368 ) 404,166 (60,216 ) Collateralized debt obligations — — 9,714 (10,285 ) 9,714 (10,285 ) Redeemable preferred stocks, by sector: Financial — — 19,912 (7,218 ) 19,912 (7,218 ) Total redeemable preferred stocks — — 19,912 (7,218 ) 19,912 (7,218 ) Total below investment grade securities 99,685 (848 ) 334,464 (77,065 ) 434,149 (77,913 ) Total fixed maturities $ 2,928,441 $ (107,262 ) $ 647,528 $ (108,722 ) $ 3,575,969 $ (215,984 ) ANALYSIS OF GROSS UNREALIZED INVESTMENT LOSSES At December 31, 2015 Less than Twelve Months Twelve Months or Longer Total Description of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fixed maturities available for sale: Investment grade securities: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 310,676 $ (13,196 ) $ 14,731 $ (882 ) $ 325,407 $ (14,078 ) States, municipalities and political subdivisions 55,351 (1,611 ) 671 (42 ) 56,022 (1,653 ) Foreign governments 7,302 (163 ) — — 7,302 (163 ) Corporates, by sector: Financial 476,469 (18,599 ) — — 476,469 (18,599 ) Utilities 435,692 (28,267 ) — — 435,692 (28,267 ) Energy 745,969 (146,157 ) 81,681 (41,412 ) 827,650 (187,569 ) Metals and mining 225,273 (50,857 ) 25,831 (11,552 ) 251,104 (62,409 ) Other corporate sectors 1,615,515 (113,185 ) 35,684 (6,661 ) 1,651,199 (119,846 ) Total corporates 3,498,918 (357,065 ) 143,196 (59,625 ) 3,642,114 (416,690 ) Redeemable preferred stocks, by sector: Utilities 7,763 (52 ) — — 7,763 (52 ) Total redeemable preferred stocks 7,763 (52 ) — — 7,763 (52 ) Total investment grade securities 3,880,010 (372,087 ) 158,598 (60,549 ) 4,038,608 (432,636 ) Below investment grade securities: States, municipalities and political subdivisions — — 299 (255 ) 299 (255 ) Corporates, by sector: Financial — — 69,506 (36,282 ) 69,506 (36,282 ) Energy 7,979 (1,854 ) 61,175 (29,678 ) 69,154 (31,532 ) Metals and mining 4,551 (5,414 ) 17,679 (22,247 ) 22,230 (27,661 ) Other corporate sectors 81,368 (12,492 ) 63,307 (8,503 ) 144,675 (20,995 ) Total corporates 93,898 (19,760 ) 211,667 (96,710 ) 305,565 (116,470 ) Collateralized debt obligations — — 10,562 (9,438 ) 10,562 (9,438 ) Redeemable preferred stocks, by sector: Financial — — 22,374 (4,781 ) 22,374 (4,781 ) Total redeemable preferred stocks — — 22,374 (4,781 ) 22,374 (4,781 ) Total below investment grade securities 93,898 (19,760 ) 244,902 (111,184 ) 338,800 (130,944 ) Total fixed maturities $ 3,973,908 $ (391,847 ) $ 403,500 $ (171,733 ) $ 4,377,408 $ (563,580 ) Gross unrealized losses decreased from $564 million at year end 2015 to $216 million at year end 2016 , a decrease of $348 million . The decrease in the gross unrealized losses from prior year was primarily attributable to the improved conditions during 2016 in the energy and metals and mining sectors. Additional information about investments in an unrealized loss position is as follows: Less than Twelve Total Number of issues (CUSIP numbers) held: As of December 31, 2016 407 94 501 As of December 31, 2015 480 75 555 Torchmark’s entire fixed maturity portfolio consisted of 1,565 issues at December 31, 2016 and 2015 . The weighted-average quality rating of all unrealized loss positions at amortized cost was BBB+ for both 2016 and 2015 . Other investment information : Other long-term investments consist of the following: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 Investment in limited partnerships $ 51,509 $ 31,409 Low-income housing interests — 3,767 Other 2,343 3,262 Total $ 53,852 $ 38,438 Torchmark did not have any invested assets that were non-income producing during the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 . Concentrations of Credit Risk : Torchmark maintains a diversified investment portfolio with limited concentration in any given issuer. At December 31, 2016 , the investment portfolio, at fair value, consisted of the following: Investment grade fixed maturities: Corporate securities 80 % Securities of state and municipal governments 9 Government-sponsored enterprises 2 Other 1 Below investment grade fixed maturities: Corporate securities 4 Other — Policy loans, which are secured by the underlying insurance policy values 3 Other investments 1 100 % As of December 31, 2016 , securities of state and municipal governments represented 9% of invested assets at fair value. Such investments are made throughout the U.S. At year end 2016 , the state and municipal bond portfolio at fair value was invested in securities issued within the following states: Texas ( 30% ), Ohio ( 7% ), Washington ( 7% ), Illinois ( 6% ), and Alabama ( 5% ). Otherwise, there was no concentration within any given state greater than 5% . Corporate debt securities and redeemable preferred stocks represent 84% of Torchmark's investment portfolio. These investments are spread across a wide range of industries. Below are the ten largest industry concentrations held in the corporate portfolio of corporate debt securities and redeemable preferred stocks at December 31, 2016 , based on fair value: Insurance 17 % Electric utilities 12 Oil and natural gas pipelines 6 Banks 6 Oil and natural gas exploration and production 4 Transportation 4 Chemicals 4 Metals and mining 3 Food 3 Real estate investment trusts 3 At year end 2016 , 4% of invested assets at fair value were represented by fixed maturities rated below investment grade. Par value of these investments was $834 million , amortized cost was $751 million , and fair value was $695 million . While these investments could be subject to additional credit risk, such risk should generally be reflected in their fair value. |