Investments | Investments Portfolio Composition : A summary of fixed maturities available for sale by cost or amortized cost and estimated fair value at December 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows: 2017: Cost or Gross Gross Fair Value (1) % of Total (2) Fixed maturities available for sale: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 390,646 $ 18,173 $ (1,373 ) $ 407,446 2 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 1,091,960 127,890 (135 ) 1,219,715 7 Foreign governments 20,236 1,782 — 22,018 — Corporates, by sector: Financial 3,282,526 475,961 (23,392 ) 3,735,095 22 Utilities 1,955,737 369,406 (1,298 ) 2,323,845 14 Energy 1,619,349 226,140 (25,392 ) 1,820,097 11 Other corporate sectors 6,065,803 747,612 (20,616 ) 6,792,799 40 Total corporates 12,923,415 1,819,119 (70,698 ) 14,671,836 87 Collateralized debt obligations 59,150 20,084 (7,653 ) 71,581 — Other asset-backed securities 144,520 4,835 — 149,355 1 Redeemable preferred stocks, by sector: Financial 336,621 62,892 (2,727 ) 396,786 3 Utilities 28,553 2,132 (97 ) 30,588 — Total redeemable preferred stocks 365,174 65,024 (2,824 ) 427,374 3 Total fixed maturities $ 14,995,101 $ 2,056,907 $ (82,683 ) $ 16,969,325 100 (1) Amount reported in the balance sheet. (2) At fair value. 2016: Cost or Gross Gross Fair Value (1) % of Total (2) Fixed maturities available for sale: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 381,054 $ 895 $ (9,151 ) $ 372,798 3 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 1,284,605 126,850 (1,327 ) 1,410,128 9 Foreign governments 21,701 1,438 (62 ) 23,077 — Corporates, by sector: Financial 2,963,584 285,037 (45,885 ) 3,202,736 21 Utilities 1,875,946 249,701 (12,604 ) 2,113,043 14 Energy 1,542,426 127,989 (44,324 ) 1,626,091 11 Other corporate sectors 5,601,136 424,021 (84,547 ) 5,940,610 39 Total corporates 11,983,092 1,086,748 (187,360 ) 12,882,480 85 Collateralized debt obligations 60,726 13,062 (10,285 ) 63,503 — Other asset-backed securities 56,410 621 (337 ) 56,694 — Redeemable preferred stocks, by sector: Financial 371,862 43,383 (7,218 ) 408,027 3 Utilities 28,600 798 (244 ) 29,154 — Total redeemable preferred stocks 400,462 44,181 (7,462 ) 437,181 3 Total fixed maturities $ 14,188,050 $ 1,273,795 $ (215,984 ) $ 15,245,861 100 (1) Amount reported in the balance sheet. (2) At fair value. Securities, cash, and short-term investments held on deposit with various state and federal regulatory authorities had an amortized cost and fair value, respectively, of $657 million and $753 million at December 31, 2017 and $600 million and $663 million at December 31, 2016 . A schedule of fixed maturities available for sale by contractual maturity date at December 31, 2017 is shown below on an amortized cost basis and on a fair value basis. Actual maturity dates could differ from contractual maturities due to call or prepayment provisions. Amortized Fair Fixed maturities available for sale: Due in one year or less $ 147,457 $ 149,495 Due after one year through five years 682,932 720,186 Due after five years through ten years 1,397,473 1,567,972 Due after ten years through twenty years 4,701,591 5,519,917 Due after twenty years 7,861,000 8,789,769 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 204,648 221,986 $ 14,995,101 $ 16,969,325 Analysis of investment operations : Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Net investment income is summarized as follows: Fixed maturities available for sale $ 817,213 $ 778,912 $ 747,663 Policy loans 39,578 38,436 36,763 Other long-term investments 4,991 2,786 2,021 Short-term investments 948 447 95 862,730 820,581 786,542 Less investment expense (14,845 ) (13,678 ) (12,591 ) Net investment income $ 847,885 $ 806,903 $ 773,951 An analysis of realized gains (losses) from investments is as follows: Realized investment gains (losses): Fixed maturities available for sale: Sales and other $ 35,199 $ (10,645 ) $ (9,479 ) Other-than-temporary impairments (245 ) — — Other investments (7,302 ) (38 ) 688 Loss on redemption on debt (4,041 ) — — 23,611 (10,683 ) (8,791 ) Applicable tax (6,021 ) 3,739 3,077 Realized gains (losses) from investments, net of tax $ 17,590 $ (6,944 ) $ (5,714 ) An analysis of the net change in unrealized investment gains (losses) is as follows: Fixed maturities available for sale $ 916,413 $ 551,658 $ (1,163,295 ) Other investments 5,008 2,143 (2,737 ) Net change in unrealized gains (losses) $ 921,421 $ 553,801 $ (1,166,032 ) Additional information about securities sold is as follows: At December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Fixed maturities available for sale: Proceeds from sales (1) $ 67,246 $ 358,285 $ 226,792 Gross realized gains 5,079 6,133 259 Gross realized losses (1,100 ) (32,608 ) (16,894 ) (1) Includes unsettled sales of $17.9 million at December 31, 2016 . There were no unsettled sales in 2017 or 2015. Fair value measurements : The following tables represent the fair value of fixed maturities measured on a recurring basis at December 31, 2017 and 2016 : Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using: Description Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total Fair Value Fixed maturities available for sale: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ — $ 407,446 $ — $ 407,446 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 44 1,219,671 — 1,219,715 Foreign governments — 22,018 — 22,018 Corporates, by sector: Financial — 3,673,089 62,006 3,735,095 Utilities — 2,168,115 155,730 2,323,845 Energy — 1,779,281 40,816 1,820,097 Other corporate sectors — 6,468,541 324,258 6,792,799 Total corporates — 14,089,026 582,810 14,671,836 Collateralized debt obligations — — 71,581 71,581 Other asset-backed securities — 135,306 14,049 149,355 Redeemable preferred stocks, by sector: Financial — 396,786 — 396,786 Utilities — 30,588 — 30,588 Total redeemable preferred stocks — 427,374 — 427,374 Total fixed maturities $ 44 $ 16,300,841 $ 668,440 $ 16,969,325 Percentage of total — % 96.1 % 3.9 % 100.0 % Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using: Description Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total Fair Value Fixed maturities available for sale: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ — $ 372,798 $ — $ 372,798 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 45,302 1,364,826 — 1,410,128 Foreign governments — 23,077 — 23,077 Corporates, by sector: Financial — 3,141,611 61,125 3,202,736 Utilities — 1,959,143 153,900 2,113,043 Energy — 1,598,976 27,115 1,626,091 Other corporate sectors — 5,623,150 317,460 5,940,610 Total corporates — 12,322,880 559,600 12,882,480 Collateralized debt obligations — — 63,503 63,503 Other asset-backed securities — 56,694 — 56,694 Redeemable preferred stocks, by sector: Financial — 408,027 — 408,027 Utilities — 29,154 — 29,154 Total redeemable preferred stocks — 437,181 — 437,181 Total fixed maturities $ 45,302 $ 14,577,456 $ 623,103 $ 15,245,861 Percentage of total 0.3 % 95.6 % 4.1 % 100.0 % The following table represents changes in fixed maturities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). Analysis of Changes in Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Asset- backed securities Collateralized debt Obligations Corporates Total Balance at January 1, 2015 $ — $ 63,232 $ 512,714 $ 575,946 Total gains or losses: Included in realized gains/losses — — 1,182 1,182 Included in other comprehensive income — 11,365 (11,925 ) (560 ) Acquisitions — — 38,600 38,600 Sales — — — — Amortization — 5,536 17 5,553 Other (1) — (9,751 ) (9,782 ) (19,533 ) Transfers into (out of) Level 3 (2) — — — — Balance at December 31, 2015 — 70,382 530,806 601,188 Total gains or losses: Included in realized gains/losses — — 788 788 Included in other comprehensive income — (3,943 ) 6,403 2,460 Acquisitions — — 33,662 33,662 Sales — — — — Amortization — 5,186 17 5,203 Other (1) — (8,122 ) (12,076 ) (20,198 ) Transfers into (out of) Level 3 (2) — — — — Balance at December 31, 2016 — 63,503 559,600 623,103 Total gains or losses: Included in realized gains/losses — — — — Included in other comprehensive income 410 9,654 10,900 20,964 Acquisitions 14,000 — 21,666 35,666 Sales — — — — Amortization — 4,914 17 4,931 Other (1) (361 ) (6,490 ) (9,373 ) (16,224 ) Transfers into (out of) Level 3 (2) — — — — Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 14,049 $ 71,581 $ 582,810 $ 668,440 (1) Includes foreign exchange adjustments and principal repayments. (2) There were no transfers in or out of Level 3 during the three years ended 2017 . Acquisitions of Level 3 investments in each of the years 2015 through 2017 are comprised of private-placement fixed maturities managed by an unaffiliated third-party. Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements As of December 31, 2017 Fair Value Valuation Significant Unobservable Range Weighted Asset-backed securities $ 14,049 Determination of credit spread Credit BBB BBB Discounted cash flows Discount 5.35% 5.35% Collateralized debt obligations 71,581 Discounted cash flows Discount 7.0 - 8.25% 8.03% Private placement fixed maturities $ 582,810 Determination of credit spread Credit A+ to BB- BBB Discounted cash flows Discount 2.97 - 7.27% 3.93% $ 668,440 The private placement fixed maturities and asset-backed securities reported as Level 3 are managed by third party investment managers. These securities are valued based on the contractual cash flows discounted by a yield determined as a treasury benchmark adjusted for a credit spread. The credit spread is developed from observable indices for similar public fixed maturities and unobservable indices for private fixed maturities for corresponding credit ratings. However, the credit ratings for the securities are considered unobservable inputs, as they are assigned by the third party investment manager based on a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the credit underwritten. A higher (lower) credit rating would result in a higher (lower) valuation. The collateral underlying collateralized debt obligations for which fair values are reported as Level 3 consists primarily of trust preferred securities issued by banks and insurance companies. Collateralized debt obligations are valued at the present value of expected future cash flows using an unobservable discount rate. Expected cash flows are determined by scheduling the projected repayment of the collateral assuming no future defaults, deferrals, or recoveries. The discount rate is risk-adjusted to take these items into account. A significant increase (decrease) in the discount rate will produce a significant decrease (increase) in fair value. Additionally, a significant increase (decrease) in the cash flow expectations would result in a significant increase (decrease) in fair value. For more information regarding valuation procedures, please refer to Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies under the caption Fair Value Measurements, Investments in Securities . The following table presents transfers in and out of each of the valuation levels of fair values. 2017 2016 2015 In Out Net In Out Net In Out Net Level 1 $ 42,372 $ (597 ) $ 41,775 $ 45,344 $ — $ 45,344 $ 17,252 $ (49,744 ) $ (32,492 ) Level 2 597 (42,372 ) (41,775 ) — (45,344 ) (45,344 ) 49,744 (17,252 ) 32,492 Level 3 — — — — — — — — — Transfers into Level 2 from Level 3 result from the availability of observable market data when a security is valued at the end of a period. Transfers into Level 3 occur when there is a lack of observable market information. Transfers into Level 1 from Level 2 occur when direct quotes are available; transfers from Level 1 into Level 2 result when only observable market data and no direct quotes are available. Transfers between levels are recognized as of the end of the period of transfer. Other-than-temporary impairments (OTTI) : Based on the Company's evaluation of its fixed maturities available for sale in an unrealized loss position in accordance with the OTTI policy as described in Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies , the Company concluded that there was an other-than-temporary impairment of $245 thousand ( $159 thousand , net of tax) during the year ended December 31, 2017 . For the two years ended December 31, 2016, there were no other-than-temporary impairments. As of year end 2017 , previously written down securities remaining in the portfolio were carried at a fair value of $59 million , or less than 0.4% of the fair value of the fixed maturity portfolio. Torchmark is continuously monitoring the market conditions impacting its portfolio. While adverse market conditions for an extended duration could lead to some ratings downgrades in certain sectors, Torchmark has the ability and intent to hold these investments to recovery, and does not intend to sell or expect to be required to sell any of its securities in such a position. Unrealized gains/loss analysis : The following tables disclose gross unrealized investment losses by class and major sector of investments at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 for the respective periods of time in a loss position. Torchmark considers these investments to be only temporarily impaired. ANALYSIS OF GROSS UNREALIZED INVESTMENT LOSSES At December 31, 2017 Less than Twelve Months Twelve Months or Longer Total Description of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fixed maturities available for sale: Investment grade securities: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 34,388 $ (422 ) $ 47,514 $ (951 ) $ 81,902 $ (1,373 ) States, municipalities and political subdivisions 4,561 (21 ) 1,771 (9 ) 6,332 (30 ) Foreign governments — — — — — — Corporates, by sector: Financial 133,080 (652 ) 35,302 (1,429 ) 168,382 (2,081 ) Utilities 48,562 (569 ) 32,345 (729 ) 80,907 (1,298 ) Energy 23,463 (81 ) 67,775 (3,682 ) 91,238 (3,763 ) Metals and mining — — — — — — Other corporate sectors 220,661 (2,312 ) 163,886 (4,257 ) 384,547 (6,569 ) Total corporates 425,766 (3,614 ) 299,308 (10,097 ) 725,074 (13,711 ) Other asset-backed securities — — — — — — Redeemable preferred stocks, by sector: Utilities — — 5,953 (97 ) 5,953 (97 ) Total redeemable preferred stocks — — 5,953 (97 ) 5,953 (97 ) Total investment grade securities 464,715 (4,057 ) 354,546 (11,154 ) 819,261 (15,211 ) Below investment grade securities: States, municipalities and political subdivisions 200 (105 ) — — 200 (105 ) Corporates, by sector: Financial — — 84,432 (21,311 ) 84,432 (21,311 ) Energy 8,114 (104 ) 75,204 (21,525 ) 83,318 (21,629 ) Metals and mining — — — — — — Other corporate sectors 25,334 (5,066 ) 54,383 (8,981 ) 79,717 (14,047 ) Total corporates 33,448 (5,170 ) 214,019 (51,817 ) 247,467 (56,987 ) Collateralized debt obligations — — 12,347 (7,653 ) 12,347 (7,653 ) Redeemable preferred stocks, by sector: Financial — — 24,376 (2,727 ) 24,376 (2,727 ) Total redeemable preferred stocks — — 24,376 (2,727 ) 24,376 (2,727 ) Total below investment grade securities 33,648 (5,275 ) 250,742 (62,197 ) 284,390 (67,472 ) Total fixed maturities $ 498,363 $ (9,332 ) $ 605,288 $ (73,351 ) $ 1,103,651 $ (82,683 ) ANALYSIS OF GROSS UNREALIZED INVESTMENT LOSSES At December 31, 2016 Less than Twelve Months Twelve Months or Longer Total Description of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fixed maturities available for sale: Investment grade securities: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 321,133 $ (8,553 ) $ 1,404 $ (598 ) $ 322,537 $ (9,151 ) States, municipalities and political subdivisions 32,178 (1,114 ) 683 (19 ) 32,861 (1,133 ) Foreign governments 4,416 (62 ) — — 4,416 (62 ) Corporates, by sector: Financial 479,669 (18,666 ) 64,335 (4,627 ) 544,004 (23,293 ) Utilities 290,732 (11,000 ) 16,977 (1,604 ) 307,709 (12,604 ) Energy 83,064 (1,076 ) 154,908 (18,127 ) 237,972 (19,203 ) Metals and mining 5,936 (231 ) 5,789 (187 ) 11,725 (418 ) Other corporate sectors 1,564,273 (65,131 ) 68,968 (6,495 ) 1,633,241 (71,626 ) Total corporates 2,423,674 (96,104 ) 310,977 (31,040 ) 2,734,651 (127,144 ) Other asset-backed securities 41,498 (337 ) — — 41,498 (337 ) Redeemable preferred stocks, by sector: Utilities 5,857 (244 ) — — 5,857 (244 ) Total redeemable preferred stocks 5,857 (244 ) — — 5,857 (244 ) Total investment grade securities 2,828,756 (106,414 ) 313,064 (31,657 ) 3,141,820 (138,071 ) Below investment grade securities: States, municipalities and political subdivisions — — 357 (194 ) 357 (194 ) Corporates, by sector: Financial — — 83,174 (22,592 ) 83,174 (22,592 ) Energy 15,567 (385 ) 91,165 (24,736 ) 106,732 (25,121 ) Metals and mining 32,478 (172 ) 34,463 (2,023 ) 66,941 (2,195 ) Other corporate sectors 51,640 (291 ) 95,679 (10,017 ) 147,319 (10,308 ) Total corporates 99,685 (848 ) 304,481 (59,368 ) 404,166 (60,216 ) Collateralized debt obligations — — 9,714 (10,285 ) 9,714 (10,285 ) Redeemable preferred stocks, by sector: Financial — — 19,912 (7,218 ) 19,912 (7,218 ) Total redeemable preferred stocks — — 19,912 (7,218 ) 19,912 (7,218 ) Total below investment grade securities 99,685 (848 ) 334,464 (77,065 ) 434,149 (77,913 ) Total fixed maturities $ 2,928,441 $ (107,262 ) $ 647,528 $ (108,722 ) $ 3,575,969 $ (215,984 ) Gross unrealized losses decreased from $216 million at year end 2016 to $83 million at year end 2017 , a decrease of $133 million . The decrease in the gross unrealized losses from prior year was primarily attributable to the improved conditions during 2017 in the energy sector and broadly across all sectors. Additional information about fixed maturities available for sale in an unrealized loss position is as follows: Less than Twelve Total Number of issues (CUSIP numbers) held: As of December 31, 2017 92 102 194 As of December 31, 2016 407 94 501 Torchmark’s entire fixed maturity portfolio consisted of 1,502 issues at December 31, 2017 and 1,565 issues at December 31, 2016 . The weighted-average quality rating of all unrealized loss positions at amortized cost was BBB- for 2017 and BBB+ for 2016 . Other investment information : Other long-term investments consist of the following: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 Investment in limited partnerships $ 66,522 $ 51,509 Commercial mortgage participations (1) 39,489 — Other 2,548 2,343 Total $ 108,559 $ 53,852 (1) A mortgage participation is a legal right to a prorata interest in a mortgage loan. Torchmark did not have any invested assets that were non-income producing during the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 . Concentrations of Credit Risk : Torchmark maintains a diversified investment portfolio with limited concentration in any given issuer. At December 31, 2017 , the investment portfolio, at fair value, consisted of the following: Investment grade fixed maturities: Corporate securities 82 % Securities of state and municipal governments 7 Government-sponsored enterprises 2 Other 1 Below investment grade fixed maturities: Corporate securities 3 Other 1 Policy loans, which are secured by the underlying insurance policy values 3 Other investments 1 100 % As of December 31, 2017 , securities of state and municipal governments represented 7% of invested assets at fair value. Such investments are made throughout the U.S. At yearend 2017 , the state and municipal bond portfolio at fair value was invested in securities issued within the following states: Texas ( 29% ), Ohio ( 9% ), Washington ( 8% ), Illinois ( 7% ), Michigan ( 5% ), and Georgia ( 5% ). Otherwise, there was no concentration within any given state greater than 5% . Corporate debt securities and redeemable preferred stocks represent 85% of Torchmark's investment portfolio. These investments are spread across a wide range of industries. Below are the ten largest industry concentrations held in the corporate portfolio of corporate debt securities and redeemable preferred stocks at December 31, 2017 , based on fair value: Insurance 16 % Electric utilities 12 Oil and natural gas pipelines 7 Banks 6 Transportation 4 Oil and natural gas exploration and production 4 Chemicals 4 Real estate investment trusts 4 Food 3 Metals and mining 3 At yearend 2017 , 4% of invested assets at fair value were represented by fixed maturities rated below investment grade. Par value of these investments was $790 million , amortized cost was $702 million , and fair value was $679 million . While these investments could be subject to additional credit risk, such risk should generally be reflected in their fair value. |