Investments | Investments Portfolio Composition : Summaries of fixed maturities available for sale by cost or amortized cost and estimated fair value at December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows. Redeemable preferred stock is included within the corporates by sector. At December 31, 2018 Cost or Gross Gross Fair Value (1) % of Total (2) Fixed maturities available for sale: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 390,351 $ 5,104 $ (2,787 ) $ 392,668 2 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 1,354,810 83,600 (1,750 ) 1,436,660 9 Foreign governments 19,006 1,810 — 20,816 — Corporates, by sector: Financial 3,759,768 262,875 (87,515 ) 3,935,128 24 Utilities 1,989,506 217,846 (24,399 ) 2,182,953 13 Energy 1,652,700 93,880 (62,371 ) 1,684,209 10 Other corporate sectors 6,382,707 283,524 (242,509 ) 6,423,722 40 Total corporates 13,784,681 858,125 (416,794 ) 14,226,012 87 Collateralized debt obligations 57,769 22,014 (6,414 ) 73,369 1 Other asset-backed securities 146,854 2,187 (634 ) 148,407 1 Total fixed maturities $ 15,753,471 $ 972,840 $ (428,379 ) $ 16,297,932 100 (1) Amount reported in the balance sheet. (2) At fair value. At December 31, 2017 Cost or Gross Gross Fair Value (1) % of Total (2) Fixed maturities available for sale: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 390,646 $ 18,173 $ (1,373 ) $ 407,446 2 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 1,091,960 127,890 (135 ) 1,219,715 7 Foreign governments 20,236 1,782 — 22,018 — Corporates, by sector: Financial 3,619,147 538,853 (26,119 ) 4,131,881 25 Utilities 1,984,290 371,538 (1,395 ) 2,354,433 14 Energy 1,619,349 226,140 (25,392 ) 1,820,097 11 Other corporate sectors 6,065,803 747,612 (20,616 ) 6,792,799 40 Total corporates 13,288,589 1,884,143 (73,522 ) 15,099,210 90 Collateralized debt obligations 59,150 20,084 (7,653 ) 71,581 — Other asset-backed securities 144,520 4,835 — 149,355 1 Total fixed maturities $ 14,995,101 $ 2,056,907 $ (82,683 ) $ 16,969,325 100 (1) Amount reported in the balance sheet. (2) At fair value. Securities, cash, and short-term investments held on deposit with various state and federal regulatory authorities had an amortized cost and fair value, respectively, of $712 million and $763 million at December 31, 2018 and $657 million and $753 million at December 31, 2017 . A schedule of fixed maturities available for sale by contractual maturity date at December 31, 2018 is shown below on an amortized cost basis and on a fair value basis. Actual disposition dates could differ from contractual maturities due to call or prepayment provisions. At December 31, 2018 Amortized Fair Fixed maturities available for sale: Due in one year or less $ 190,025 $ 192,792 Due after one year through five years 631,833 656,317 Due after five years through ten years 1,680,184 1,811,532 Due after ten years through twenty years 5,090,608 5,516,103 Due after twenty years 7,955,528 7,898,702 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 205,293 222,486 $ 15,753,471 $ 16,297,932 Analysis of investment operations : Net investment income is summarized as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Fixed maturities available for sale $ 843,510 $ 817,213 $ 778,912 Policy loans 41,359 39,578 38,436 Other long-term investments 10,638 4,991 2,786 Short-term investments 2,642 948 447 898,149 862,730 820,581 Less investment expense (15,637 ) (14,845 ) (13,678 ) Net investment income $ 882,512 $ 847,885 $ 806,903 An analysis of realized gains (losses) is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Realized investment gains (losses): Fixed maturities available for sale: Sales and other $ 5,715 $ 35,199 $ (10,645 ) Other-than-temporary impairments — (245 ) — Fair value option—change in fair value 2,650 — — Other investments 909 (7,302 ) (38 ) Realized gains (losses) from investments 9,274 27,652 (10,683 ) Realized loss on redemption of debt (1) (11,078 ) (4,041 ) — (1,804 ) 23,611 (10,683 ) Applicable tax 379 (6,021 ) 3,739 Realized gains (losses), net of tax $ (1,425 ) $ 17,590 $ (6,944 ) (1) Refer to Note 11—Debt for further discussion . An analysis of the net change in unrealized investment gains (losses) is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Change in investment gains (losses) on: Fixed maturities available for sale $ (1,429,763 ) $ 916,413 $ 551,658 Other investments (5,155 ) 5,008 2,143 Net change in unrealized gains (losses) $ (1,434,918 ) $ 921,421 $ 553,801 Additional information about securities sold is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Fixed maturities available for sale: Proceeds from sales (1) $ 32,021 $ 67,246 $ 358,285 Gross realized gains 66 5,079 6,133 Gross realized losses (13,996 ) (1,100 ) (32,608 ) (1) Includes unsettled sales of $17.9 million at December 31, 2016 . There were no unsettled sales in 2018 or 2017 . Fair value measurements : The following tables represent the fair value of fixed maturities measured on a recurring basis at December 31, 2018 and 2017 : Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018 Using: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total Fair Value Fixed maturities available for sale: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ — $ 392,668 $ — $ 392,668 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions — 1,436,660 — 1,436,660 Foreign governments — 20,816 — 20,816 Corporates, by sector: Financial — 3,891,728 43,400 3,935,128 Utilities — 2,032,127 150,826 2,182,953 Energy — 1,645,077 39,132 1,684,209 Other corporate sectors — 6,103,609 320,113 6,423,722 Total corporates — 13,672,541 553,471 14,226,012 Collateralized debt obligations — — 73,369 73,369 Other asset-backed securities — 135,425 12,982 148,407 Total fixed maturities $ — $ 15,658,110 $ 639,822 $ 16,297,932 Percentage of total — % 96 % 4 % 100 % Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total Fair Value Fixed maturities available for sale: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ — $ 407,446 $ — $ 407,446 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 44 1,219,671 — 1,219,715 Foreign governments — 22,018 — 22,018 Corporates, by sector: Financial — 4,069,875 62,006 4,131,881 Utilities — 2,198,703 155,730 2,354,433 Energy — 1,779,281 40,816 1,820,097 Other corporate sectors — 6,468,541 324,258 6,792,799 Total corporates — 14,516,400 582,810 15,099,210 Collateralized debt obligations — — 71,581 71,581 Other asset-backed securities — 135,306 14,049 149,355 Total fixed maturities $ 44 $ 16,300,841 $ 668,440 $ 16,969,325 Percentage of total — % 96 % 4 % 100 % The following table represents changes in fixed maturities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). Analysis of Changes in Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Asset- backed Securities Collateralized Debt Obligations Corporates Total Balance at January 1, 2016 $ — $ 70,382 $ 530,806 $ 601,188 Total gains or losses: Included in realized gains/losses — — 788 788 Included in other comprehensive income — (3,943 ) 6,403 2,460 Acquisitions — — 33,662 33,662 Sales — — — — Amortization — 5,186 17 5,203 Other (1) — (8,122 ) (12,076 ) (20,198 ) Transfers into (out of) Level 3 (2) — — — — Balance at December 31, 2016 — 63,503 559,600 623,103 Total gains or losses: Included in realized gains/losses — — — — Included in other comprehensive income 410 9,654 10,900 20,964 Acquisitions 14,000 — 21,666 35,666 Sales — — — — Amortization — 4,914 17 4,931 Other (1) (361 ) (6,490 ) (9,373 ) (16,224 ) Transfers into (out of) Level 3 (2) — — — — Balance at December 31, 2017 14,049 71,581 582,810 668,440 Total gains or losses: Included in realized gains/losses — — 698 698 Included in other comprehensive income (591 ) 3,170 (23,687 ) (21,108 ) Acquisitions — — 27,453 27,453 Sales — — — — Amortization — 4,737 16 4,753 Other (1) (476 ) (6,119 ) (38,352 ) (44,947 ) Transfers into (out of) Level 3 (2) — — 4,533 4,533 Balance at December 31, 2018 $ 12,982 $ 73,369 $ 553,471 $ 639,822 (1) Includes capitalized interest, foreign exchange adjustments and principal repayments. (2) There were no transfers in or out of Level 3 during 2016 and 2017. Acquisitions of Level 3 investments in each of the years 2016 through 2018 are comprised of private-placement fixed maturities managed by an unaffiliated third-party. Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements As of December 31, 2018 Fair Value Valuation Significant Unobservable Range Weighted Asset-backed securities $ 12,982 Determination of credit spread Credit BBB- BBB- Discounted cash flows Discount 5.65% 5.65% Collateralized debt obligations 73,369 Discounted cash flows Discount 6.70 - 7.70% 7.51% Private placement fixed maturities 553,471 Determination of credit spread Credit A+ to BB- BBB Discounted cash flows Discount 3.62 - 11.30% 4.67% $ 639,822 The private placement fixed maturities and asset-backed securities reported as Level 3 are managed by third party investment managers. These securities are valued based on the contractual cash flows discounted by a yield determined as a treasury benchmark adjusted for a credit spread. The credit spread is developed from observable indices for similar public fixed maturities and unobservable indices for private fixed maturities for corresponding credit ratings. However, the credit ratings for the securities are considered unobservable inputs, as they are assigned by the third party investment manager based on a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the credit underwritten. A higher (lower) credit rating would result in a higher (lower) valuation. The collateral underlying collateralized debt obligations for which fair values are reported as Level 3 consists primarily of trust preferred securities issued by banks and insurance companies. Collateralized debt obligations are valued at the present value of expected future cash flows using an unobservable discount rate. Expected cash flows are determined by scheduling the projected repayment of the collateral assuming no future defaults, deferrals, or recoveries. The discount rate is risk-adjusted to take these items into account. A significant increase (decrease) in the discount rate will produce a significant decrease (increase) in fair value. Additionally, a significant increase (decrease) in the cash flow expectations would result in a significant increase (decrease) in fair value. For more information regarding valuation procedures, please refer to Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies under the caption Fair Value Measurements, Investments in Securities . The following table presents transfers in and out of each of the valuation levels of fair values. 2018 2017 2016 In Out Net In Out Net In Out Net Level 1 $ — $ — $ — $ 42,372 $ (597 ) $ 41,775 $ 45,344 $ — $ 45,344 Level 2 — (4,533 ) (4,533 ) 597 (42,372 ) (41,775 ) — (45,344 ) (45,344 ) Level 3 4,533 — 4,533 — — — — — — Transfers into Level 2 from Level 3 result from the availability of observable market data when a security is valued at the end of a period. Transfers into Level 3 occur when there is a lack of observable market information. Transfers into Level 1 from Level 2 occur when direct quotes are available; transfers from Level 1 into Level 2 result when only observable market data and no direct quotes are available. Transfers between levels are recognized as of the end of the period of transfer. Other-than-temporary impairments (OTTI) : Based on the Company's evaluation of its fixed maturities available for sale in an unrealized loss position in accordance with the OTTI policy as described in Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies , the Company concluded that there was an other-than-temporary impairment of $245 thousand ( $159 thousand , net of tax) during the year ended December 31, 2017 . For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2016, there were no other-than-temporary impairments. As of year-end 2018 , previously written down securities remaining in the portfolio were carried at a fair value of $60 million , or less than 0.4% of the fair value of the fixed maturity portfolio. Torchmark is continuously monitoring the market conditions impacting its portfolio. While adverse market conditions for an extended duration could lead to some ratings downgrades in certain sectors, Torchmark has the ability and intent to hold these investments to recovery, and does not intend to sell or expect to be required to sell any of its securities in such a position. Unrealized gains/loss analysis : The following tables disclose gross unrealized investment losses by class and major sector of investments at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 for the respective periods of time in a loss position. Torchmark considers these investments to be only temporarily impaired. Analysis of Gross Unrealized Investment Losses At December 31, 2018 Less than Twelve Months Twelve Months or Longer Total Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fixed maturities available for sale: Investment grade securities: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 37,182 $ (212 ) $ 89,664 $ (2,575 ) $ 126,846 $ (2,787 ) States, municipalities and political subdivisions 124,907 (1,648 ) 7,981 (102 ) 132,888 (1,750 ) Foreign governments — — — — — — Corporates, by sector: Financial 931,161 (36,337 ) 241,442 (21,572 ) 1,172,603 (57,909 ) Utilities 329,753 (11,680 ) 121,308 (9,442 ) 451,061 (21,122 ) Energy 475,736 (29,426 ) 54,937 (9,382 ) 530,673 (38,808 ) Other corporate sectors 2,515,541 (149,168 ) 575,796 (62,994 ) 3,091,337 (212,162 ) Total corporates 4,252,191 (226,611 ) 993,483 (103,390 ) 5,245,674 (330,001 ) Other asset-backed securities 44,603 (634 ) — — 44,603 (634 ) Total investment grade securities 4,458,883 (229,105 ) 1,091,128 (106,067 ) 5,550,011 (335,172 ) Below investment grade securities: States, municipalities and political subdivisions — — — — — — Corporates, by sector: Financial 22,087 (8,674 ) 81,101 (20,932 ) 103,188 (29,606 ) Utilities 28,613 (3,277 ) — — 28,613 (3,277 ) Energy 42,874 (3,901 ) 36,122 (19,662 ) 78,996 (23,563 ) Other corporate sectors 146,373 (7,235 ) 69,053 (23,112 ) 215,426 (30,347 ) Total corporates 239,947 (23,087 ) 186,276 (63,706 ) 426,223 (86,793 ) Collateralized debt obligations — — 13,586 (6,414 ) 13,586 (6,414 ) Total below investment grade securities 239,947 (23,087 ) 199,862 (70,120 ) 439,809 (93,207 ) Total fixed maturities $ 4,698,830 $ (252,192 ) $ 1,290,990 $ (176,187 ) $ 5,989,820 $ (428,379 ) Analysis of Gross Unrealized Investment Losses At December 31, 2017 Less than Twelve Months Twelve Months or Longer Total Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fixed maturities available for sale: Investment grade securities: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 34,388 $ (422 ) $ 47,514 $ (951 ) $ 81,902 $ (1,373 ) States, municipalities and political subdivisions 4,561 (21 ) 1,771 (9 ) 6,332 (30 ) Foreign governments — — — — — — Corporates, by sector: Financial 133,080 (652 ) 35,302 (1,429 ) 168,382 (2,081 ) Utilities 48,562 (569 ) 38,298 (826 ) 86,860 (1,395 ) Energy 23,463 (81 ) 67,775 (3,682 ) 91,238 (3,763 ) Other corporate sectors 220,661 (2,312 ) 163,886 (4,257 ) 384,547 (6,569 ) Total corporates 425,766 (3,614 ) 305,261 (10,194 ) 731,027 (13,808 ) Collateralized debt obligations — — — — — — Other asset-backed securities — — — — — — Total investment grade securities 464,715 (4,057 ) 354,546 (11,154 ) 819,261 (15,211 ) Below investment grade securities: States, municipalities and political subdivisions 200 (105 ) — — 200 (105 ) Corporates, by sector: Financial — — 108,808 (24,038 ) 108,808 (24,038 ) Energy 8,114 (104 ) 75,204 (21,525 ) 83,318 (21,629 ) Other corporate sectors 25,334 (5,066 ) 54,383 (8,981 ) 79,717 (14,047 ) Total corporates 33,448 (5,170 ) 238,395 (54,544 ) 271,843 (59,714 ) Collateralized debt obligations — — 12,347 (7,653 ) 12,347 (7,653 ) Total below investment grade securities 33,648 (5,275 ) 250,742 (62,197 ) 284,390 (67,472 ) Total fixed maturities $ 498,363 $ (9,332 ) $ 605,288 $ (73,351 ) $ 1,103,651 $ (82,683 ) Gross unrealized losses increased from $83 million at year end 2017 to $428 million at year end 2018 , an increase of $346 million . The increase in the gross unrealized losses from prior year was primarily attributable to the increase in market rates. Additional information about fixed maturities available for sale in an unrealized loss position is as follows: Less than Twelve Total Number of issues (CUSIP numbers) held: As of December 31, 2018 495 234 729 As of December 31, 2017 92 102 194 Torchmark’s entire fixed maturity portfolio consisted of 1,548 issues at December 31, 2018 and 1,502 issues at December 31, 2017 . The weighted-average quality rating of all unrealized loss positions at amortized cost was BBB+ for 2018 and BBB- for 2017 . Concentrations of Credit Risk : Torchmark maintains a diversified investment portfolio with limited concentration in any given issuer. At December 31, 2018 , the investment portfolio, at fair value, consisted of the following: Investment grade fixed maturities: Corporate securities 80 % Securities of state and municipal governments 8 Government-sponsored enterprises 2 Other 2 Below investment grade fixed maturities: Corporate securities 3 Other — Policy loans, which are secured by the underlying insurance policy values 3 Other investments 2 100 % As of December 31, 2018 , securities of state and municipal governments represented 8% of invested assets at fair value. Such investments are made throughout the U.S. At yearend 2018 , the state and municipal bond portfolio at fair value was invested in securities issued within the following states: Texas ( 30% ), Washington ( 7% ), Ohio ( 7% ), Florida ( 6% ), Illinois ( 6% ), and Michigan ( 4% ). Otherwise, there was no concentration within any given state greater than 4% . Corporate debt securities and redeemable preferred stocks represent 83% of Torchmark's investment portfolio. These investments are spread across a wide range of industries. Below are the ten largest industry concentrations held in the corporate portfolio of corporate debt securities and redeemable preferred stocks at December 31, 2018 , based on fair value: Insurance 15 % Electric utilities 11 Oil and natural gas pipelines 7 Banks 6 Transportation 4 Real estate investment trusts 4 Oil and natural gas exploration and production 4 Chemicals 4 Food 4 Gas utilities 3 At year end 2018 , 3% of invested assets at fair value were represented by fixed maturities rated below investment grade. Par value of these investments was $757 million , amortized cost was $666 million , and fair value was $601 million . While these investments could be subject to additional credit risk, such risk should generally be reflected in their fair value. Other investment information : Other long-term investments consist of the following: Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 Investment in limited partnerships $ 108,241 $ 66,522 Commercial mortgage loan participations 96,266 39,489 Other 2,751 2,548 Total $ 207,258 $ 108,559 Torchmark held invested assets with a fair value of $399 thousand that were non-income producing during the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 . Commercial mortgage loan participations: Summaries of commercial mortgage loan participations at December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows: 2018 2017 Carrying Value % of Total Carrying Value % of Total Property type: Office $ 35,289 37 $ 18,378 46 Hospitality 15,137 16 10,496 27 Industrial 13,896 14 — — Retail 12,934 13 — — Mixed use 11,309 12 7,148 18 Multi-family 7,701 8 3,467 9 Total recorded investment 96,266 100 39,489 100 Less valuation allowance — — — — Carrying value, net of valuation allowance $ 96,266 100 $ 39,489 100 2018 2017 Carrying Value % of Total Carrying Value % of Total Geographic location: South Atlantic $ 39,414 41 $ 18,378 46 Middle Atlantic 23,488 24 3,467 9 Pacific 20,843 22 7,148 18 East North Central 10,531 11 10,496 27 West South Central 1,990 2 — — Total recorded investment 96,266 100 39,489 100 Less valuation allowance — — — — Carrying value, net of valuation allowance $ 96,266 100 $ 39,489 100 2018 Recorded Investment Debt Service Coverage Ratios <1.00x 1.00x—1.20x >1.20x Total % of Total Loan-to-value ratio: Less than 70% $ 18,343 $ 56,813 $ 10,531 $ 85,687 89 70% to 80% 10,579 — — 10,579 11 81% to 90% — — — — — Greater than 90% — — — — — Total $ 28,922 $ 56,813 $ 10,531 $ 96,266 100 2017 Recorded Investment Debt Service Coverage Ratios <1.00x 1.00x—1.20x >1.20x Total % of Total Loan-to-value ratio: Less than 70% $ — $ 18,378 $ 10,496 $ 28,874 73 70% to 80% 3,467 7,148 — 10,615 27 81% to 90% — — — — — Greater than 90% — — — — — Total $ 3,467 $ 25,526 $ 10,496 $ 39,489 100 As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the Company evaluated the commercial mortgage loan portfolio on a loan-by-loan basis to determine any allowance for loss. Factors considered include, but are not limited to, collateral value, loan-to-value ratio, debt service coverage ratio, local market conditions, credit quality of the borrower and tenants, and loan performance. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , there was no allowance for loss. |