Investments | Note 4—Investments Portfolio Composition : Summaries of fixed maturities available for sale by cost or amortized cost and estimated fair value at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows. Redeemable preferred stock is included within the corporates by sector. At December 31, 2019 Cost or Gross Gross Fair Value (1) % of Total Fixed Maturities (2) Fixed maturities available for sale: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 396,079 $ 41,737 $ (296) $ 437,520 2 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 1,559,736 158,546 (626) 1,717,656 9 Foreign governments 25,874 2,073 (396) 27,551 — Corporates, by sector: Financial 4,101,917 701,196 (22,307) 4,780,806 25 Utilities 1,937,738 416,114 (1,565) 2,352,287 13 Energy 1,678,969 269,640 (33,725) 1,914,884 10 Other corporate sectors 6,514,677 955,908 (16,765) 7,453,820 40 Total corporates 14,233,301 2,342,858 (74,362) 16,501,797 88 Collateralized debt obligations 56,990 24,298 (7,184) 74,104 — Other asset-backed securities 143,796 5,094 (371) 148,519 1 Total fixed maturities $ 16,415,776 $ 2,574,606 $ (83,235) $ 18,907,147 100 (1) Amount reported in the balance sheet. (2) At fair value. At December 31, 2018 Cost or Gross Gross Fair Value (1) % of Total Fixed Maturities (2) Fixed maturities available for sale: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 390,351 $ 5,104 $ (2,787) $ 392,668 2 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 1,354,810 83,600 (1,750) 1,436,660 9 Foreign governments 19,006 1,810 — 20,816 — Corporates, by sector: Financial 3,759,768 262,875 (87,515) 3,935,128 24 Utilities 1,989,506 217,846 (24,399) 2,182,953 13 Energy 1,652,700 93,880 (62,371) 1,684,209 10 Other corporate sectors 6,382,707 283,524 (242,509) 6,423,722 40 Total corporates 13,784,681 858,125 (416,794) 14,226,012 87 Collateralized debt obligations 57,769 22,014 (6,414) 73,369 1 Other asset-backed securities 146,854 2,187 (634) 148,407 1 Total fixed maturities $ 15,753,471 $ 972,840 $ (428,379) $ 16,297,932 100 (1) Amount reported in the balance sheet. (2) At fair value. A schedule of fixed maturities available for sale by contractual maturity date at December 31, 2019 is shown below on an amortized cost basis and on a fair value basis. Actual disposition dates could differ from contractual maturities due to call or prepayment provisions. At December 31, 2019 Amortized Fair Fixed maturities available for sale: Due in one year or less $ 85,822 $ 86,840 Due after one year through five years 648,451 699,017 Due after five years through ten years 1,686,684 1,937,987 Due after ten years through twenty years 5,394,107 6,500,168 Due after twenty years 8,399,480 9,460,036 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 201,232 223,099 $ 16,415,776 $ 18,907,147 Analysis of investment operations: Net investment income for the three years ended December 31, 2019 is summarized as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Fixed maturities available for sale $ 864,280 $ 843,510 $ 817,213 Policy loans 43,434 41,359 39,578 Other long-term investments (1) 16,198 10,638 4,991 Short-term investments 2,592 2,642 948 926,504 898,149 862,730 Less investment expense (16,045) (15,637) (14,845) Net investment income $ 910,459 $ 882,512 $ 847,885 (1) For the years ended 2019, 2018 and 2017, the investment funds, accounted for under the fair value option method, recorded $5.6 million, $3.9 million and $2.5 million, respectively in net investment income. An analysis of realized gains (losses) is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Realized investment gains (losses): Fixed maturities available for sale: Sales and other (1) $ 19,354 $ 5,715 $ 35,199 Other-than-temporary impairments — — (245) Fair value option—change in fair value 1,256 2,650 — Other investments 11 909 (7,302) Realized gains (losses) from investments 20,621 9,274 27,652 Realized loss on redemption of debt (2) — (11,078) (4,041) 20,621 (1,804) 23,611 Applicable tax (4,330) 379 (6,021) Realized gains (losses), net of tax $ 16,291 $ (1,425) $ 17,590 (1) For the years ended 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded $243.2 million, $193.4 million and $84.3 million of exchanges of fixed maturities (noncash transactions) that resulted in $20.5 million, $10.1 million, and $4.8 million, respectively in realized gains (losses). (2) Refer to Note 11—Debt for further discussion . An analysis of the net change in unrealized investment gains (losses) is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Change in investment gains (losses) on: Fixed maturities available for sale $ 1,946,910 $ (1,429,763) $ 916,413 Selected information about sales of fixed maturities available for sale is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Fixed maturities available for sale: Proceeds from sales (1) $ 79,108 $ 32,021 $ 67,246 Gross realized gains 1,227 66 5,079 Gross realized losses (3,674) (13,996) (1,100) (1) There were no unsettled sales in the periods ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Fair value measurements: The following tables represent the fair value of fixed maturities measured on a recurring basis at December 31, 2019 and 2018: Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2019: Quoted Prices in Significant Other Significant Total Fair Fixed maturities available for sale U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ — $ 437,520 $ — $ 437,520 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions — 1,717,656 — 1,717,656 Foreign governments — 27,551 — 27,551 Corporates, by sector: Financial — 4,628,875 151,931 4,780,806 Utilities — 2,195,539 156,748 2,352,287 Energy — 1,873,482 41,402 1,914,884 Other corporate sectors — 7,131,773 322,047 7,453,820 Total corporates — 15,829,669 672,128 16,501,797 Collateralized debt obligations — — 74,104 74,104 Other asset-backed securities — 135,342 13,177 148,519 Total fixed maturities $ — $ 18,147,738 $ 759,409 $ 18,907,147 Percentage of total — % 96 % 4 % 100 % Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2018: Quoted Prices in Significant Other Significant Total Fair Fixed maturities available for sale U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ — $ 392,668 $ — $ 392,668 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions — 1,436,660 — 1,436,660 Foreign governments — 20,816 — 20,816 Corporates, by sector: Financial — 3,891,728 43,400 3,935,128 Utilities — 2,032,127 150,826 2,182,953 Energy — 1,645,077 39,132 1,684,209 Other corporate sectors — 6,103,609 320,113 6,423,722 Total corporates — 13,672,541 553,471 14,226,012 Collateralized debt obligations — — 73,369 73,369 Other asset-backed securities — 135,425 12,982 148,407 Total fixed maturities $ — $ 15,658,110 $ 639,822 $ 16,297,932 Percentage of total — % 96 % 4 % 100 % The following tables represent changes in fixed maturities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3): Analysis of Changes in Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Asset- Collateralized Corporates Total Balance at January 1, 2017 $ — $ 63,503 $ 559,600 $ 623,103 Included in realized gains/losses — — — — Included in other comprehensive income 410 9,654 10,900 20,964 Acquisitions (1) 14,000 — 21,666 35,666 Sales — — — — Amortization — 4,914 17 4,931 Other (2) (361) (6,490) (9,373) (16,224) Transfers into Level 3 (3) — — — — Transfers out of Level 3 (3) — — — — Balance at December 31, 2017 14,049 71,581 582,810 668,440 Included in realized gains/losses — — 698 698 Included in other comprehensive income (591) 3,170 (23,687) (21,108) Acquisitions (1) — — 27,453 27,453 Sales — — — — Amortization — 4,737 16 4,753 Other (2) (476) (6,119) (38,352) (44,947) Transfers into Level 3 (3) — — 4,533 4,533 Transfers out of Level 3 (3) — — — — Balance at December 31, 2018 12,982 73,369 553,471 639,822 Included in realized gains/losses — — 396 396 Included in other comprehensive income 708 1,514 30,378 32,600 Acquisitions (1) — — — — Sales — — — — Amortization — 4,596 13 4,609 Other (2) (513) (5,375) (19,154) (25,042) Transfers into Level 3 (3) — — 107,024 107,024 Transfers out of Level 3 (3) — — — — Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 13,177 $ 74,104 $ 672,128 $ 759,409 Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for assets held at the end of the reporting period: 2017 $ 410 $ 9,654 $ 10,900 $ 20,964 2018 (591) 3,170 (23,687) (21,108) 2019 708 1,514 30,378 32,600 (1) Acquisitions of Level 3 investments in each of the years 2017 through 2019 are comprised of private-placement fixed maturities. (2) Includes capitalized interest, foreign exchange adjustments, and principal repayments. (3) Considered to be transferred at the end of the period. Transfers into Level 3 occur when observable inputs are no longer available, while transfers out of Level 3 occur when observable inputs become available. Transfers between levels within the hierarchy occur when there are changes in the observability of the inputs and market data. Transfers into Level 3 occur when there is little unobservable market activity for the asset/liability as of the measurement date and the Company is required to rely upon internally-developed assumptions or third-parties. Transfers out of Level 3 occur when quoted prices in active markets becomes available for identical assets/ liabilities or the ability to corroborate by observable market data. The following table represents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements: Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements As of December 31, 2019 Fair Value Valuation Significant Unobservable Range Weighted- Average (1) Asset-backed securities $ 13,177 Determination of credit spread Credit rating BBB- BBB- Discounted Cash Flows Discount rate 4.80% 4.80% Collateralized debt obligations 74,104 Discounted Cash Flows Discount rate 6.10% - 7.00% 6.84% Private placement fixed maturities 565,104 Determination of credit spread Credit rating A+ to CCC- BBB Discounted Cash Flows Discount rate 2.48% - 9.39% 3.68% Other corporate bonds 107,024 Present Value Techniques Market Quotes 105.39% 105.39% $ 759,409 (1) Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments. The private placement fixed maturities and asset-backed securities reported as Level 3 are managed by third party investment managers. These securities are valued based on the contractual cash flows discounted by a yield determined as a treasury benchmark adjusted for a credit spread. The credit spread is developed from observable indices for similar public fixed maturities and unobservable indices for private fixed maturities for corresponding credit ratings. However, the credit ratings for the securities are considered unobservable inputs, as they are assigned by the third-party investment manager based on a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the credit underwritten. A higher (lower) credit rating would result in a higher (lower) valuation. The collateral underlying collateralized debt obligations for which fair values are reported as Level 3 consists primarily of trust preferred securities issued by banks and insurance companies. Collateralized debt obligations are valued at the present value of expected future cash flows using an unobservable discount rate. Expected cash flows are determined by scheduling the projected repayment of the collateral assuming no future defaults, deferrals, or recoveries. The discount rate is risk-adjusted to take these items into account. A significant increase (decrease) in the discount rate will produce a significant decrease (increase) in fair value. Additionally, a significant increase (decrease) in the cash flow expectations would result in a significant increase (decrease) in fair value. For more information regarding valuation procedures, please refer to Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies under the caption Fair Value Measurements, Investments in Securities . Other corporate bonds consist of obligations issued out of a special purpose vehicle (SPV). The market quotes consisted of Level 3 quotes. An increase (decrease) in the market quotes will produce an increase (decrease) in fair value. Unrealized Loss Analysis : The following table discloses information about fixed maturities available for sale in an unrealized loss position. Less than Twelve Months Twelve Months or Longer Total Number of issues (CUSIPs) held: As of December 31, 2019 82 51 133 As of December 31, 2018 495 234 729 Globe Life's entire fixed maturity portfolio consisted of 1,633 issues at December 31, 2019 and 1,548 issues at December 31, 2018. The weighted-average quality rating of all unrealized loss positions at amortized cost as of December 31, 2019 was BBB- compared with BBB+ as of December 31, 2018. The drop in quality rating is attributed to the overall decreasing interest rate that has caused certain securities to move from an unrealized loss position to an unrealized gain position. The following tables disclose unrealized investment losses by class and major sector of fixed maturities available for sale at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Globe Life considers these investments to be only temporarily impaired. Analysis of Gross Unrealized Investment Losses At December 31, 2019 Less than Twelve Months Twelve Months or Longer Total Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fixed maturities available for sale: Investment grade securities: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 1,255 $ (2) $ 21,044 $ (294) $ 22,299 $ (296) States, municipalities and political subdivisions 66,774 (626) — — 66,774 (626) Foreign governments 6,496 (396) — — 6,496 (396) Corporates, by sector: Financial 117,389 (1,733) 7,183 (1,317) 124,572 (3,050) Utilities 8,400 (166) — — 8,400 (166) Energy 52,312 (1,058) 1,833 (115) 54,145 (1,173) Other corporate sectors 136,386 (1,584) 61,473 (3,260) 197,859 (4,844) Total corporates 314,487 (4,541) 70,489 (4,692) 384,976 (9,233) Other asset-backed securities — — — — — — Total investment grade securities 389,012 (5,565) 91,533 (4,986) 480,545 (10,551) Below investment grade securities: States, municipalities and political subdivisions — — — — — — Corporates, by sector: Financial — — 113,481 (19,257) 113,481 (19,257) Utilities 7,529 (135) 14,985 (1,264) 22,514 (1,399) Energy 14,968 (146) 69,956 (32,406) 84,924 (32,552) Other corporate sectors — — 67,655 (11,921) 67,655 (11,921) Total corporates 22,497 (281) 266,077 (64,848) 288,574 (65,129) Collateralized debt obligations — — 12,816 (7,184) 12,816 (7,184) Other asset-backed securities — — 13,879 (371) 13,879 (371) Total below investment grade securities 22,497 (281) 292,772 (72,403) 315,269 (72,684) Total fixed maturities $ 411,509 $ (5,846) $ 384,305 $ (77,389) $ 795,814 $ (83,235) Analysis of Gross Unrealized Investment Losses At December 31, 2018 Less than Twelve Months Twelve Months or Longer Total Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fixed maturities available for sale: Investment grade securities: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 37,182 $ (212) $ 89,664 $ (2,575) $ 126,846 $ (2,787) States, municipalities and political subdivisions 124,907 (1,648) 7,981 (102) 132,888 (1,750) Foreign governments — — — — — — Corporates, by sector: Financial 931,161 (36,337) 241,442 (21,572) 1,172,603 (57,909) Utilities 329,753 (11,680) 121,308 (9,442) 451,061 (21,122) Energy 475,736 (29,426) 54,937 (9,382) 530,673 (38,808) Other corporate sectors 2,515,541 (149,168) 575,796 (62,994) 3,091,337 (212,162) Total corporates 4,252,191 (226,611) 993,483 (103,390) 5,245,674 (330,001) Other asset-backed securities 44,603 (634) — — 44,603 (634) Total investment grade securities 4,458,883 (229,105) 1,091,128 (106,067) 5,550,011 (335,172) Below investment grade securities: States, municipalities and political subdivisions — — — — — — Corporates, by sector: Financial 22,087 (8,674) 81,101 (20,932) 103,188 (29,606) Utilities 28,613 (3,277) — — 28,613 (3,277) Energy 42,874 (3,901) 36,122 (19,662) 78,996 (23,563) Other corporate sectors 146,373 (7,235) 69,053 (23,112) 215,426 (30,347) Total corporates 239,947 (23,087) 186,276 (63,706) 426,223 (86,793) Collateralized debt obligations — — 13,586 (6,414) 13,586 (6,414) Total below investment grade securities 239,947 (23,087) 199,862 (70,120) 439,809 (93,207) Total fixed maturities $ 4,698,830 $ (252,192) $ 1,290,990 $ (176,187) $ 5,989,820 $ (428,379) Other-than-temporary impairments (OTTI) : Gross unrealized losses may fluctuate quarter over quarter due to adverse factors in the market that affect our holdings, such as changes in the interest rates or credit spreads. While the Company holds securities that may be in an unrealized loss position from time to time, Globe Life has the ability and intent to hold these investments to recovery. Additionally, the Company does not expect to be required to sell any of its securities due to the strong cash flows generated by its insurance operations. In accordance with the other-than-temporary impairment policy, the Company evaluated its fixed maturities available for sale in an unrealized loss position to determine if there was any impairment for the year. Based on the results of the evaluation, the Company concluded there were no other-than-temporary impairments for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. During the year ended 2017, the Company recorded $245 thousand ($159 thousand, net of tax) in impairment. Concentrations of Credit Risk : Globe Life maintains a diversified investment portfolio with limited concentration in any given issuer. At December 31, 2019, the investment portfolio, at fair value, consisted of the following: Investment grade fixed maturities: Corporates 80 % States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 9 U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises 2 Other 1 Below investment grade fixed maturities: Corporates 3 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions — U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises — Other — 95 Other Policy loans, which are secured by the underlying insurance policy values 3 Other investments 2 100 % As of December 31, 2019, state and municipal governments represented 9% of invested assets at fair value. Such investments are made throughout the U.S. At December 31, 2019, the state and municipal bond portfolio at fair value was invested in securities issued within the following states: Texas (22%), Michigan (8%), New York (7%), Florida (6%), Washington (6%), and Ohio (5%). Otherwise, there was no concentration within any given state greater than 5%. Corporate fixed maturities represent 83% of Globe Life's invested assets. These investments are spread across a wide range of industries. Below are the ten largest industry concentrations held in the portfolio of corporate fixed maturities at December 31, 2019, based on fair value: Insurance 15 % Electric utilities 11 Banks 7 Oil and natural gas pipelines 6 Transportation 4 Chemicals 4 Oil and natural gas exploration and production 4 Food 4 Real estate investment trusts 4 Telecommunications 3 At December 31, 2019, 3% of invested assets at fair value were represented by fixed maturities rated below investment grade. Par value of these investments was $768 million, amortized cost was $674 million, and fair value was $645 million. While these investments could be subject to additional credit risk, such risk should generally be reflected in their fair value. As noted previously, we believe we will recover the cost basis of these investments because we have the intent and the ability to hold them until maturity. Securities, cash, and short-term investments held on deposit with various state and federal regulatory authorities had an amortized cost and fair value, respectively, of $816 million and $956 million at December 31, 2019 and $712 million and $763 million at December 31, 2018. Other Long-Term Investments : Other long-term investments consist of the following assets: Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Investment funds $ 185,851 $ 108,241 Commercial mortgage loan participations 137,692 96,266 Other 2,804 2,751 Total $ 326,347 $ 207,258 The investment funds consist of limited partnerships whereby the Company has a prorata share of ownership ranging from less than 1% to 20%. For each investment, the Company has elected the fair value option, but would have been otherwise accounted for as an equity method investment. The fair value option is assessed for each individual investment and concluded at the recording of the asset. Additionally, these investments are evaluated under ASC 810, Consolidation to determine if it is a variable interest entity and would qualify for consolidation. As previously discussed in Note 1 — Significant Accounting Policies , none of the investments qualify for consolidation as the Company is not the primary beneficiary in any of the instances. The investments are reported at the Company's pro-rata share of the investment fund's net asset value per share or its equivalent (NAV), as a practical expedient for fair value. Changes in the net asset value per share are recorded in Realized Gains (Losses) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations . Distributions received from the funds arise from income generated by the underlying investments as well as the liquidation of the underlying investments. Periodic, primarily quarterly, distributions are recorded in net investment income. Our maximum exposure to loss is equal to the outstanding carrying value and future funding commitments. The following table presents additional information about the Company's investment funds as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 at fair value: As of December 31, Fair Value Unfunded Commitments Investment Category 2019 2018 2019 Redemption Term/Notice Commercial mortgage loans $ 26,145 $ — $ 225,000 Not redeemable. Commercial mortgage loans — — 250,000 Full redemption within 6 month period, subject to fund liquidity and General Partner discretion. Total commercial mortgage loans (1) 26,145 — 475,000 Opportunistic credit (2) 159,399 108,241 — Initial 2 year lock on each new investment/semi-annual withdrawals thereafter/full redemption within 36 month period. Infrastructure equity (3) 307 — 75,000 Not redeemable. Total investment funds $ 185,851 $ 108,241 $ 550,000 (1) Diversified commercial mortgage loan portfolio primarily invested in high quality, floating rate, transitional senior mortgage loans secured by U.S. commercial real estate. Expected life is 7 years for non-redeemable fund. (2) Opportunistic credit seeking to capitalize on locations across global, public and private residential, commercial, corporate and specialty credit markets. (3) Equity investments in core infrastructure assets less sensitive to economic cycles, with long-term contractual cash flows, often operating in monopolistic environments invested across sectors including airports, midstream, ports, power generation, renewables, liquefied natural gas off-take, rail, utilities, waste, and other. Expected life is approximately 10 years. Commercial mortgage loan participations: Summaries of commercial mortgage loan participations at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows: 2019 2018 Carrying Value % of Total Carrying Value % of Total Property type: Office $ 42,350 31 35,289 37 Mixed use 27,501 20 11,309 12 Hospitality 22,324 16 15,137 16 Industrial 17,612 13 13,896 14 Retail 17,318 12 12,934 13 Multi-family 10,587 8 7,701 8 Total recorded investment 137,692 100 96,266 100 Less valuation allowance — — — — Carrying value, net of valuation allowance $ 137,692 100 $ 96,266 100 2019 2018 Carrying Value % of Total Carrying Value % of Total Geographic location: South Atlantic $ 50,867 37 39,414 41 Pacific 36,546 27 20,843 22 Middle Atlantic 25,328 18 23,488 24 East North Central 10,568 8 10,531 11 West South Central 8,072 6 1,990 2 East South Central 4,676 3 — — New England 1,635 1 — — Total recorded investment 137,692 100 96,266 100 Less valuation allowance — — — — Carrying value, net of valuation allowance $ 137,692 100 $ 96,266 100 2019 Recorded Investment Debt Service Coverage Ratios (1) <1.00x 1.00x—1.20x >1.20x Total % of Total Loan-to-value ratio: Less than 70% $ 64,160 $ 47,634 $ 12,666 $ 124,460 90 70% to 80% 11,445 1,787 — 13,232 10 81% to 90% — — — — — Greater than 90% — — — — — Total $ 75,605 $ 49,421 $ 12,666 $ 137,692 100 (1) Annual net operating income divided by annual mortgage debt service (principal and interest). 2018 Recorded Investment Debt Service Coverage Ratios (1) <1.00x 1.00x—1.20x >1.20x Total % of Total Loan-to-value ratio: Less than 70% $ 18,343 $ 56,813 $ 10,531 $ 85,687 89 70% to 80% 10,579 — — 10,579 11 81% to 90% — — — — — Greater than 90% — — — — — Total $ 28,922 $ 56,813 $ 10,531 $ 96,266 100 (1) Annual net operating income divided by annual mortgage debt service (principal and interest). As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company evaluated the commercial mortgage loan portfolio on a loan-by-loan basis to determine any allowance for loan loss. Factors considered include, but are not limited to, collateral value, loan-to-value ratio, debt service coverage ratio, local market conditions, credit quality of the borrower and tenants, and loan performance. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, there was no allowance for loan loss. |