Investments | Note 4—Investments Portfolio Composition : Summaries of fixed maturities available for sale by amortized cost, fair value, and allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows. Redeemable preferred stock is included within "Corporates, by sector". At June 30, 2021 Amortized Allowance for Credit Losses Gross Gross Fair Value (1) % of Total Fixed Maturities (2) Fixed maturities available for sale: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 377,327 $ — $ 69,245 $ (128) $ 446,444 2 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 1,904,617 — 242,686 (696) 2,146,607 10 Foreign governments 62,027 — 1,835 (3,707) 60,155 — Corporates, by sector: Financial 4,522,818 — 933,508 (13,620) 5,442,706 26 Utilities 1,959,373 — 529,966 (902) 2,488,437 12 Energy 1,629,246 — 364,800 (1,852) 1,992,194 9 Other corporate sectors 6,839,315 — 1,507,500 (11,254) 8,335,561 40 Total corporates 14,950,752 — 3,335,774 (27,628) 18,258,898 87 Collateralized debt obligations 36,288 — 28,119 — 64,407 — Other asset-backed securities 120,907 — 5,209 (847) 125,269 1 Total fixed maturities $ 17,451,918 $ — $ 3,682,868 $ (33,006) $ 21,101,780 100 (1) Amount reported in the balance sheet. (2) At fair value. At December 31, 2020 Amortized Allowance for Credit Losses Gross Gross Fair Value (1) % of Total Fixed Maturities (2) Fixed maturities available for sale: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 380,602 $ — $ 87,272 $ (43) $ 467,831 2 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions 1,880,607 — 251,291 (315) 2,131,583 10 Foreign governments 52,913 — 2,635 (898) 54,650 — Corporates, by sector: Financial 4,404,203 — 1,016,813 (24,221) 5,396,795 26 Utilities 1,975,460 — 608,595 (108) 2,583,947 12 Energy 1,623,970 (3,346) 346,197 (3,083) 1,963,738 9 Other corporate sectors 6,687,644 — 1,727,366 (6,218) 8,408,792 40 Total corporates 14,691,277 (3,346) 3,698,971 (33,630) 18,353,272 87 Collateralized debt obligations 57,007 — 23,460 (8,869) 71,598 — Other asset-backed securities 134,739 — 3,614 (3,778) 134,575 1 Total fixed maturities $ 17,197,145 $ (3,346) $ 4,067,243 $ (47,533) $ 21,213,509 100 (1) Amount reported in the balance sheet. (2) At fair value. A schedule of fixed maturities available for sale by contractual maturity date at June 30, 2021 is shown below on an amortized cost basis, net of allowance for credit losses, and on a fair value basis. Actual disposition dates could differ from contractual maturities due to call or prepayment provisions. At June 30, 2021 Amortized Fair Fixed maturities available for sale: Due in one year or less $ 96,034 $ 97,942 Due after one year through five years 774,012 858,646 Due after five years through ten years 1,963,341 2,348,161 Due after ten years through twenty years 6,485,804 8,277,620 Due after twenty years 7,975,330 9,329,517 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 157,397 189,894 $ 17,451,918 $ 21,101,780 Analysis of Investment Operations: "Net investment income" for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 is summarized as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2021 2020 % Change 2021 2020 % Change Fixed maturities available for sale $ 223,278 $ 217,556 3 $ 444,997 $ 434,683 2 Policy loans 11,324 11,213 1 22,592 22,331 1 Other long-term investments (1) 8,880 7,146 24 17,042 11,769 45 Short-term investments 6 134 (96) 10 441 (98) 243,488 236,049 3 484,641 469,224 3 Less investment expense (5,180) (4,481) 16 (10,513) (8,665) 21 Net investment income $ 238,308 $ 231,568 3 $ 474,128 $ 460,559 3 (1) For the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the investment funds, accounted for under the fair value option method, recorded $6.5 million and $4.5 million of distributions, respectively in net investment income. For the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the investment funds, accounted for under the fair value option method, recorded $12.3 million and $6.5 million of distributions, respectively in net investment income. Refer to Other Long-Term Investments below for further discussion on the investment funds. Selected information about sales of fixed maturities available for sale is as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2021 2020 2021 2020 Fixed maturities available for sale: Proceeds from sales (1) $ 12,852 $ 1,660 $ 74,710 $ 52,020 Gross realized gains — — 1,134 2,642 Gross realized losses (82) (371) (12,101) (371) (1) There were no unsettled sales in the periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. An analysis of "Realized gains (losses)" is as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2021 2020 2021 2020 Realized investment gains (losses): Fixed maturities available for sale: Sales and other (1) $ 865 $ 5,928 $ 16,309 $ 10,862 Provision for credit losses — (865) 3,346 (32,719) Fair value option—change in fair value 2,543 (19,434) 12,428 (18,851) Other investments 5,251 9,581 4,728 9,821 Realized gains (losses) from investments 8,659 (4,790) 36,811 (30,887) Applicable tax (1,818) 1,006 (7,730) 6,486 Realized gains (losses), net of tax $ 6,841 $ (3,784) $ 29,081 $ (24,401) (1) During the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded $22.4 million and $80.4 million of exchanges of fixed maturities (noncash transactions) that resulted in $0 and $7.9 million, respectively in realized gains (losses). During the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded $108.3 million and $86.3 million of exchanges of fixed maturities (noncash transactions) that resulted in $25.2 million and $7.9 million, respectively in realized gains (losses). Fair Value Measurements: The following tables represent the fair value of fixed maturities measured on a recurring basis at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020: Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2021 Using: Quoted Prices in Significant Other Significant Total Fair Fixed maturities available for sale U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ — $ 446,444 $ — $ 446,444 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions — 2,146,607 — 2,146,607 Foreign governments — 60,155 — 60,155 Corporates, by sector: Financial — 5,268,630 174,076 5,442,706 Utilities — 2,331,689 156,748 2,488,437 Energy — 1,953,907 38,287 1,992,194 Other corporate sectors — 8,025,927 309,634 8,335,561 Total corporates — 17,580,153 678,745 18,258,898 Collateralized debt obligations — — 64,407 64,407 Other asset-backed securities — 125,269 — 125,269 Total fixed maturities $ — $ 20,358,628 $ 743,152 $ 21,101,780 Percentage of total — % 96 % 4 % 100 % Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2020 Using: Quoted Prices in Significant Other Significant Total Fair Fixed maturities available for sale U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ — $ 467,831 $ — $ 467,831 States, municipalities, and political subdivisions — 2,131,583 — 2,131,583 Foreign governments — 54,650 — 54,650 Corporates, by sector: Financial — 5,222,066 174,729 5,396,795 Utilities — 2,400,602 183,345 2,583,947 Energy — 1,925,549 38,189 1,963,738 Other corporate sectors — 8,090,550 318,242 8,408,792 Total corporates — 17,638,767 714,505 18,353,272 Collateralized debt obligations — — 71,598 71,598 Other asset-backed securities — 121,705 12,870 134,575 Total fixed maturities $ — $ 20,414,536 $ 798,973 $ 21,213,509 Percentage of total — % 96 % 4 % 100 % The following tables represent changes in fixed maturities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3): Analysis of Changes in Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Asset- backed Securities Collateralized Corporates Total Balance at January 1, 2021 $ 12,870 $ 71,598 $ 714,505 $ 798,973 Included in realized gains / losses (82) (6,787) 840 (6,029) Included in other comprehensive income 63 13,528 (12,489) 1,102 Acquisitions — — — — Sales (12,851) (13,213) — (26,064) Amortization — 2,270 4 2,274 Other (1) — (2,989) (24,115) (27,104) Transfers into Level 3 (2) — — — — Transfers out of Level 3 (2) — — — — Balance at June 30, 2021 $ — $ 64,407 $ 678,745 $ 743,152 Percent of total fixed maturities — % 1 % 3 % 4 % (1) Includes capitalized interest, foreign exchange adjustments, and principal repayments. (2) Considered to be transferred at the end of the period. Transfers into Level 3 occur when observable inputs are no longer available. Transfers out of Level 3 occur when observable inputs become available. Analysis of Changes in Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Asset- backed Securities Collateralized Corporates Total Balance at January 1, 2020 $ 13,177 $ 74,104 $ 672,128 $ 759,409 Included in realized gains / losses — — 1,213 1,213 Included in other comprehensive income (250) (5,046) 11,765 6,469 Acquisitions — — — — Sales — — — — Amortization — 2,275 4 2,279 Other (1) (47) (2,234) (26,194) (28,475) Transfers into Level 3 (2) — — — — Transfers out of Level 3 (2) — — — — Balance at June 30, 2020 $ 12,880 $ 69,099 $ 658,916 $ 740,895 Percent of total fixed maturities — % 1 % 3 % 4 % (1) Includes capitalized interest, foreign exchange adjustments, and principal repayments. (2) Considered to be transferred at the end of the period. Transfers into Level 3 occur when observable inputs are no longer available. Transfers out of Level 3 occur when observable inputs become available. The following table presents changes in unrealized gains or (losses) for the period included in other comprehensive income for assets held at the end of the reporting period for Level 3s: Changes in Unrealized Gains/Losses included in Other Comprehensive Income for Assets Held at the End of the Period Asset- Collateralized Corporates Total At June 30, 2021 $ 63 $ 13,528 $ (12,489) $ 1,102 At June 30, 2020 (250) (5,046) 11,765 6,469 Unrealized Loss Analysis : The following table discloses information about fixed maturities available for sale in an unrealized loss position. Less than Twelve Months Twelve Months or Longer Total Number of issues (CUSIPs) held: As of June 30, 2021 99 17 116 As of December 31, 2020 54 24 78 Globe Life's entire fixed maturity portfolio consisted of 1,917 issues by 779 different issuers at June 30, 2021 and 1,900 issues by 777 different issuers at December 31, 2020. The weighted-average quality rating of all unrealized loss positions at amortized cost was BBB+ and BBB- as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The following table discloses unrealized investment losses by class and major sector of fixed maturities available for sale for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded at June 30, 2021. Gross unrealized losses may fluctuate quarter over quarter due to adverse factors in the market that affect our holdings, such as changes in interest rates or credit spreads. The Company considers many factors when determining whether an allowance for a credit loss should be recorded. While the Company holds securities that may be in an unrealized loss position from time to time, Globe Life does not intend to sell and it is likely that management will not be required to sell the fixed maturities prior to their anticipated recovery or maturity due to the strong cash flows generated by its insurance operations. Analysis of Gross Unrealized Investment Losses At June 30, 2021 Less than Twelve Months Twelve Months or Longer Total Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fixed maturities available for sale: Investment grade securities: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 3,888 $ (128) $ 2 $ — $ 3,890 $ (128) States, municipalities and political subdivisions 61,437 (696) — — 61,437 (696) Foreign governments 32,095 (3,707) — — 32,095 (3,707) Corporates, by sector: Financial 108,309 (4,251) 5,069 (158) 113,378 (4,409) Utilities 22,950 (815) — — 22,950 (815) Energy 84,963 (403) — — 84,963 (403) Other corporate sectors 125,515 (5,677) 100 (2) 125,615 (5,679) Total corporates 341,737 (11,146) 5,169 (160) 346,906 (11,306) Collateralized debt obligations — — — — — — Other asset-backed securities 10,552 (9) 2 — 10,554 (9) Total investment grade securities 449,709 (15,686) 5,173 (160) 454,882 (15,846) Below investment grade securities: States, municipalities and political subdivisions — — — — — — Corporates, by sector: Financial 20,243 (58) 103,362 (9,153) 123,605 (9,211) Utilities 15,008 (87) — — 15,008 (87) Energy — — 26,647 (1,449) 26,647 (1,449) Other corporate sectors 7,857 (3,442) 19,190 (2,133) 27,047 (5,575) Total corporates 43,108 (3,587) 149,199 (12,735) 192,307 (16,322) Collateralized debt obligations — — — — — — Other asset-backed securities — — 12,962 (838) 12,962 (838) Total below investment grade securities 43,108 (3,587) 162,161 (13,573) 205,269 (17,160) Total fixed maturities $ 492,817 $ (19,273) $ 167,334 $ (13,733) $ 660,151 $ (33,006) The following table discloses unrealized investment losses by class and major sector of fixed maturities available for sale at December 31, 2020. Analysis of Gross Unrealized Investment Losses At December 31, 2020 Less than Twelve Months Twelve Months or Longer Total Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fixed maturities available for sale: Investment grade securities: U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises $ 2,006 $ (43) $ — $ — $ 2,006 $ (43) States, municipalities and political subdivisions 32,910 (315) — — 32,910 (315) Foreign governments 19,532 (898) — — 19,532 (898) Corporates, by sector: Financial 117,762 (2,564) 6,333 (2,168) 124,095 (4,732) Utilities 2,726 (108) — — 2,726 (108) Energy 1,692 (8) 14,871 (106) 16,563 (114) Other corporate sectors 21,882 (720) — — 21,882 (720) Total corporates 144,062 (3,400) 21,204 (2,274) 165,266 (5,674) Collateralized debt obligations — — — — — — Other asset-backed securities 28,864 (1,051) 5 — 28,869 (1,051) Total investment grade securities 227,374 (5,707) 21,209 (2,274) 248,583 (7,981) Below investment grade securities: States, municipalities and political subdivisions — — — — — — Corporates, by sector: Financial 6,822 (36) 115,093 (19,453) 121,915 (19,489) Utilities — — — — — — Energy 18,432 (757) 38,720 (2,212) 57,152 (2,969) Other corporate sectors 25,711 (3,588) 19,516 (1,910) 45,227 (5,498) Total corporates 50,965 (4,381) 173,329 (23,575) 224,294 (27,956) Collateralized debt obligations — — 11,131 (8,869) 11,131 (8,869) Other asset-backed securities — — 11,223 (2,727) 11,223 (2,727) Total below investment grade securities 50,965 (4,381) 195,683 (35,171) 246,648 (39,552) Total fixed maturities $ 278,339 $ (10,088) $ 216,892 $ (37,445) $ 495,231 $ (47,533) Fixed Maturities, Allowance for Credit Losses : A summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses is as follows. Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2021 2020 2021 2020 Allowance for credit losses beginning balance $ — $ 31,854 $ 3,346 $ — Additions to allowance for which credit losses were not previously recorded — — — 31,854 Additions (reductions) to allowance for fixed maturities that previously had an allowance — 865 — 865 Reduction of allowance for which the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell or sold during the period — — (3,346) — Allowance for credit losses ending balance $ — $ 32,719 $ — $ 32,719 As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company did not have any fixed maturities in non-accrual status. Other Long-Term Investments : Other long-term investments consist of the following assets: June 30, December 31, 2020 Investment funds $ 533,658 $ 385,038 Commercial mortgage loan participations 160,639 160,602 Other 3,891 1,341 Total $ 698,188 $ 546,981 The investment funds consist of limited partnerships whereby the Company has a pro-rata share of ownership ranging from 1% to 20%. For each investment, the Company has elected the fair value option, but would have been otherwise accounted for as an equity method investment. The fair value option is assessed for each individual investment and concluded at the inception of the investment. Additionally, each investment is evaluated under ASC 810, Consolidation to determine if it is a variable interest entity and would qualify for consolidation; none of the investments qualify for consolidation as the Company is not the primary beneficiary in any of these investments. The investments are reported at the Company's pro-rata share of the investment fund's net asset value or its equivalent (NAV) as a practical expedient for fair value. Changes in the net asset value are recorded in "Realized gains (losses)" on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations . Distributions received from the funds arise from income generated by the underlying investments as well as the liquidation of the underlying investments. Periodic distributions are recorded in net investment income until cumulative distributions exceed our pro-rata share of operating earnings at which point the distributions will reduce the carrying value. Our maximum exposure to loss is equal to the outstanding carrying value and future funding commitments. During the quarter, the Company committed to one new limited partnership. The Company had $72 million of capital called during the quarter from existing investment funds, reducing our unfunded commitments. Our unfunded commitments were $409 million as of June 30, 2021. The following table presents additional information about the Company's investment funds as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 at fair value: Fair Value Unfunded Commitments Investment Category June 30, December 31, 2020 June 30, Redemption Term/Notice Commercial mortgage loans $ 347,042 $ 227,050 $ 172,001 Portion non-redeemable and fully redeemable after 6 month period, subject to fund liquidity/discretion of General Partner. Expected life is 7 years for non-redeemable fund. Opportunistic credit 169,351 157,461 — Initial 2 year lock on each new investment/semi-annual withdrawals thereafter/full redemption within 36 month period. Other 17,265 527 236,811 Fully redeemable with varying terms and non-redeemable. Total investment funds $ 533,658 $ 385,038 $ 408,812 Commercial Mortgage Loan Participations (commercial mortgage loans): Summaries of commercial mortgage loans by property type and geographical location at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are as follows: June 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Carrying Value % of Total Carrying Value % of Total Property type: Mixed use $ 51,124 32 $ 49,002 31 Office 36,156 23 36,153 22 Hospitality 22,540 14 22,605 14 Retail 19,699 12 19,319 12 Industrial 17,900 11 17,900 11 Multi-family 14,859 9 19,128 12 Total recorded investment 162,278 101 164,107 102 Less allowance for credit losses (1,639) (1) (3,505) (2) Carrying value, net of allowance for credit losses $ 160,639 100 $ 160,602 100 June 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Carrying Value % of Total Carrying Value % of Total Geographic location: California $ 62,764 39 $ 61,610 38 Virginia 27,019 17 27,019 17 New York 17,107 11 16,602 10 Pennsylvania 11,661 7 11,314 7 Indiana 9,717 6 9,717 6 Florida 8,142 5 12,420 8 Other 25,868 16 25,425 16 Total recorded investment 162,278 101 164,107 102 Less allowance for credit losses (1,639) (1) (3,505) (2) Carrying value, net of allowance for credit losses $ 160,639 100 $ 160,602 100 The following tables are reflective of Management's internal risk ratings of the loan portfolio. Loans are rated low, moderate, and high. The risk categories consider many different factors such as quality of asset, borrower status, as well as macroeconomic factors including COVID-19. These loans, originated in 2017 to 2021, are transitional or under construction and may not yet be income producing. Certain ratios, such as loan to value and debt service coverage ratios, may not be evaluated as the value of the underlying transitional property significantly fluctuates based on completion of the project. Net Book Value of Commercial Mortgage Loans Receivable by Year of Origination As of June 30, 2021 Risk Rating: Number of Loans 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Total Low 16 $ — $ 20,884 $ 13,080 $ 32,957 $ 62,057 $ 128,978 Moderate 5 — — 13,601 8,142 — 21,743 High 2 — — 4,568 6,989 — 11,557 Total commercial mortgage loans 23 $ — $ 20,884 $ 31,249 $ 48,088 $ 62,057 162,278 Less allowance for credit losses on the investment pool (1,639) Less allowance for credit losses on individual loans — Carrying value, net of valuation allowance $ 160,639 Net Book Value of Commercial Mortgage Loans Receivable by Year of Origination As of December 31, 2020 Risk Rating: Number of Loans 2020 2019 2018 2017 Total Low 17 $ 20,176 $ 14,757 $ 33,132 $ 61,460 $ 129,525 Moderate 4 — 10,640 7,796 — 18,436 High 3 — 4,554 11,592 — 16,146 Total commercial mortgage loans 24 $ 20,176 $ 29,951 $ 52,520 $ 61,460 164,107 Less allowance for credit losses on the investment pool (2,503) Less allowance for credit losses on individual loans (1,002) Carrying value, net of valuation allowance $ 160,602 As of June 30, 2021, the Company evaluated the commercial mortgage loan portfolio on a pool basis to determine the allowance for credit losses. At the end of the period, the Company had 23 loans in the portfolio. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the allowance for credit losses decreased by $1.9 million to $1.6 million. The provision for credit losses is included in "Realized gains (losses)". Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2021 2020 2021 2020 Allowance for credit losses beginning balance $ 2,147 $ 335 $ 3,505 $ — Cumulative effect of adoption ASU 2016-13 — — — 335 Provision (reversal) for credit losses (508) 3,503 (1,866) 3,503 Loans charge-off — — — — Allowance for credit losses ending balance $ 1,639 $ 3,838 $ 1,639 $ 3,838 |