Derivative Instruments | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2013 |
Derivative Instruments | |
Derivative Instruments | |
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D. Derivative Instruments |
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The Company’s primary market risk exposure is the volatility of future prices for natural gas and NGLs, which can affect the operating results of the Company primarily at EQT Production and the storage, marketing and other activities at EQT Midstream. The Company’s overall objective in its hedging program is to protect cash flows from undue exposure to the risk of changing commodity prices. |
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The Company uses over the counter (OTC) derivative commodity instruments that are primarily placed with major financial institutions whose creditworthiness is regularly monitored. The Company also uses exchange traded futures contracts that obligate the Company to buy or sell a designated commodity at a future date for a specified price and quantity at a specified location. Swap agreements involve payments to or receipts from counterparties based on the differential between two prices for the commodity. Collar agreements require the counterparty to pay the Company if the index price falls below the floor price and the Company to pay the counterparty if the index price rises above the cap price. The Company may also engage in a limited number of basis swaps to protect earnings from undue exposure to the risk of geographic disparities in commodity prices and interest rate swaps to hedge exposure to interest rate fluctuations on potential debt issuances. |
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The Company recognizes all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value on a gross basis. The accounting for the changes in fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments depends on the use of the derivative instruments. To the extent that a derivative instrument has been designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative instrument is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI), net of tax, and is subsequently reclassified into the Statements of Consolidated Income in the same period or periods during which the forecasted transaction affects earnings. |
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Most of the derivative commodity instruments used by the Company to hedge its exposure to variability in expected future cash flows associated with the fluctuations in the price of natural gas related to the Company’s forecasted sale of equity production and forecasted natural gas purchases and sales have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. Some of the derivative commodity instruments used by the Company to hedge its exposure to adverse changes in the market price of natural gas stored in the ground have been designated and qualify as fair value hedges. |
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For a derivative instrument that has been designated and qualifies as a fair value hedge, the change in the fair value of the instrument is recognized as a portion of operating revenues in the Statements of Consolidated Income each period. In addition, the change in the fair value of the hedged item (natural gas inventory) is recognized as a portion of operating revenues in the Statements of Consolidated Income. The Company has elected to exclude the spot/forward differential for the assessment of effectiveness of the fair value hedges. Any hedging ineffectiveness and any change in fair value of derivative instruments that have not been designated as hedges are recognized in the Statements of Consolidated Income each period. |
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The Company also enters into fixed price natural gas sales agreements that are satisfied by physical delivery. These physical commodity contracts qualify for the normal purchases and sales exception and are not accounted for as derivative instruments. |
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Exchange-traded instruments are generally settled with offsetting positions. OTC arrangements require settlement in cash. Settlements of derivative commodity instruments are reported as a component of cash flows from operations in the accompanying Statements of Condensed Consolidated Cash Flows. |
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In addition, the Company enters into a limited number of energy trading contracts to leverage its assets and limit its exposure to shifts in market prices and has a limited number of other derivative instruments not designated as hedges. In 2008, the Company effectively settled certain derivative commodity swaps scheduled to mature during the period 2010 through 2013 by de-designating the instruments and entering into directly counteractive instruments. These transactions resulted in offsetting positions which are the majority of the derivative asset and liability balances not designated as hedging instruments. |
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All derivative instrument assets and liabilities are reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as derivative instruments at fair value. These derivative instruments are reported as either current assets or current liabilities due to their highly liquid nature. The Company can net settle its derivative instruments at any time. |
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| | Three Months Ended | | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | | | September 30, | |
| | 2013 | | | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | 2012 | |
| | (Thousands) | |
Commodity derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in OCI (effective portion), net of tax | | $ | 17,733 | | | $ | (51,397 | ) | | $ | 38,561 | | | $ | 47,159 | |
Amount of gain reclassified from accumulated OCI into operating revenues (effective portion), net of tax | | $ | 26,020 | | | $ | 45,283 | | | $ | 62,343 | | | $ | 148,553 | |
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in operating revenues (ineffective portion) (a) | | $ | 3,436 | | | $ | 166 | | | $ | (4,518 | ) | | $ | (76 | ) |
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Interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amount of loss recognized in OCI (effective portion), net of tax | | $ | – | | | $ | (1,800 | ) | | $ | – | | | $ | (6,097 | ) |
Amount of loss reclassified from accumulated OCI, net of tax, into interest expense (effective portion) | | $ | (36 | ) | | $ | (66 | ) | | $ | (108 | ) | | $ | (195 | ) |
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Commodity derivatives designated as fair value hedges (b) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amount of (loss) gain recognized in operating revenues for fair value commodity contracts | | $ | (502 | ) | | $ | (3,051 | ) | | $ | (1,341 | ) | | $ | 1,644 | |
Fair value (loss) gain recognized in operating revenues for inventory designated as hedged item | | $ | (76 | ) | | $ | 1,491 | | | $ | 386 | | | $ | (52 | ) |
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Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amount of (loss) gain recognized in operating revenues | | $ | (943 | ) | | $ | (632 | ) | | $ | 307 | | | $ | 1,041 | |
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(a) No amounts have been excluded from effectiveness testing of cash flow hedges. |
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(b) For the three months ended September 30, 2013, the net impact on operating revenues associated with commodity derivatives designated as fair value hedges was a $1.6 million loss which resulted from the Company’s election to exclude the spot/forward differential from the assessment of effectiveness of the fair value hedges and a $1.0 million gain due to changes in basis. For the three months ended September 30, 2012, the net impact on operating revenues associated with commodity derivatives designated as fair value hedges was a $1.1 million loss which resulted from the Company’s election to exclude the spot/forward differential from the assessment of effectiveness of the fair value hedges and a $0.5 million loss due to changes in basis. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the net impact on operating revenues associated with commodity derivatives designated as fair value hedges was a $0.5 million gain which resulted from the Company’s election to exclude the spot/forward differential from the assessment of effectiveness of the fair value hedges and a $1.5 million loss due to changes in basis. For the nine months ended September 30, 2012, the net impact on operating revenues associated with commodity derivatives designated as fair value hedges was a $1.6 million gain which resulted from the Company’s election to exclude the spot/forward differential from the assessment of effectiveness of the fair value hedges and a $0.1 million gain due to changes in basis. |
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| | As of | | As of | | | | | | | | |
September 30, | December 31, | | | | | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | | | | | | | |
| | (Thousands) | | | | | | | | | |
Asset derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commodity derivatives designated as hedging instruments | | $ | 190,053 | | | $ | 259,459 | | | | | | | | | |
Commodity derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | | 12,949 | | | 44,778 | | | | | | | | | |
Total asset derivatives | | $ | 203,002 | | | $ | 304,237 | | | | | | | | | |
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Liability derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commodity derivatives designated as hedging instruments | | $ | 6,655 | | | $ | 27,946 | | | | | | | | | |
Commodity derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | | 11,698 | | | 47,616 | | | | | | | | | |
Total liability derivatives | | $ | 18,353 | | | $ | 75,562 | | | | | | | | | |
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The net fair value of commodity derivative instruments changed during the first nine months of 2013 primarily as a result of settlements. The absolute quantities of the Company’s derivative commodity instruments that have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedges totaled 380 Bcf and 365 Bcf as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, and are primarily related to natural gas swaps and collars. The open positions at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 had maturities extending through December 2017. The absolute quantities of the Company’s derivative commodity instruments that have been designated and qualify as fair value hedges totaled 3 Bcf and 8 Bcf as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. The open positions at September 30, 2013 had maturities extending through August 2014, and the open positions at December 31, 2012 had maturities extending through January 2014. |
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The Company deferred net gains of $114.4 million and $138.2 million in accumulated OCI, net of tax, as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, associated with the effective portion of the change in fair value of its derivative commodity instruments designated as cash flow hedges. Assuming no change in price or new transactions, the Company estimates that approximately $67.4 million of net unrealized gains on its derivative commodity instruments reflected in accumulated OCI, net of tax, as of September 30, 2013 will be recognized in earnings during the next twelve months due to the settlement of hedged transactions. |
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The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to derivative contracts. This credit exposure is limited to derivative contracts with a positive fair value, which may change as market prices change. The Company believes that New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) traded futures contracts have limited credit risk because Commodity Futures Trading Commission regulations are in place to protect exchange participants, including the Company, from potential financial instability of the exchange members. The Company’s OTC swap and collar derivative instruments are primarily with financial institutions and thus are subject to events that would impact those companies individually as well as that industry as a whole. |
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The Company utilizes various processes and analyses to monitor and evaluate its credit risk exposures. These include closely monitoring current market conditions, counterparty credit fundamentals and credit default swap rates. Credit exposure is controlled through credit approvals and limits based on counterparty credit fundamentals. To manage the level of credit risk, the Company enters into transactions with financial counterparties that are of investment grade or better, enters into netting agreements whenever possible and may obtain collateral or other security. |
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When the net fair value of any of the Company’s swap agreements represents a liability to the Company which is in excess of the agreed-upon threshold between the Company and the financial institution acting as counterparty, the counterparty requires the Company to remit funds to the counterparty as a margin deposit for the derivative liability which is in excess of the threshold amount. The Company records these deposits as a current asset. When the net fair value of any of the Company’s swap agreements represents an asset to the Company which is in excess of the agreed-upon threshold between the Company and the financial institution acting as counterparty, the Company requires the counterparty to remit funds as margin deposits in an amount equal to the portion of the derivative asset which is in excess of the threshold amount. The Company records a current liability for such amounts received. The Company had no such deposits in its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2013 or December 31, 2012. |
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When the Company enters into exchange-traded natural gas contracts, exchanges may require the Company to remit funds to the corresponding broker as good-faith deposits to guard against the risks associated with changing market conditions. The Company must make such deposits based on an established initial margin requirement as well as the net liability position, if any, of the fair value of the associated contracts. The Company records these deposits as a current asset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. In the case where the fair value of such contracts is in a net asset position, the broker may remit funds to the Company, in which case the Company records a current liability for such amounts received. The initial margin requirements are established by the exchanges based on the price, volatility and the time to expiration of the related contract. The margin requirements are subject to change at the exchanges’ discretion. The Company recorded a current asset of $0.4 million as of September 30, 2013 and a current asset of $0.7 million as of December 31, 2012 for such deposits in its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
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The Company recognizes all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value on a gross basis. Margin deposits remitted to financial counterparties or received from financial counterparties related to OTC natural gas swap agreements and options and any funds remitted to or deposits received from the Company’s brokers related to exchange-traded natural gas contracts are also recorded on a gross basis. The Company has netting agreements with financial institutions and its brokers that permit net settlement of gross commodity derivative assets against gross commodity derivative liabilities. The table below reflects the impact of netting agreements and margin deposits on gross derivative assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. |
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As of September 30, 2013 | | Derivative | | Derivative | | Margin | | Derivative | | | | |
instruments, | instruments | deposits | instruments, | | | |
recorded in the | subject to | remitted to | net | | | |
Condensed | master | counterparties | | | | |
Consolidated | netting | | | | | |
Balance | agreements | | | | | |
Sheet, gross | | | | | | |
| | (Thousands) | | | | |
Asset derivatives: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative instruments, at fair value | | $ | 203,002 | | $ | -17,824 | | $ | – | | $ | 185,178 | | | | |
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Liability derivatives: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative instruments, at fair value | | $ | 18,353 | | $ | -17,824 | | $ | -428 | | $ | 101 | | | | |
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As of December 31, 2012 | | Derivative | | Derivative | | Margin | | Derivative | | | | |
instruments, | instruments | deposits | instruments, | | | |
recorded in the | subject to | remitted to | net | | | |
Condensed | master | counterparties | | | | |
Consolidated | netting | | | | | |
Balance | agreements | | | | | |
Sheet, gross | | | | | | |
| | (Thousands) | | | | |
Asset derivatives: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative instruments, at fair value | | $ | 304,237 | | $ | -73,753 | | $ | – | | $ | 230,484 | | | | |
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Liability derivatives: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative instruments, at fair value | | $ | 75,562 | | $ | -73,753 | | $ | -736 | | $ | 1,073 | | | | |
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Certain of the Company’s derivative instrument contracts provide that if the Company’s credit ratings by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services (S&P) or Moody’s Investor Services (Moody’s) are lowered below investment grade, additional collateral must be deposited with the counterparty. The additional collateral can be up to 100% of the derivative liability. As of September 30, 2013, the aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that were in a net liability position was $0.4 million, for which the Company had no collateral posted on September 30, 2013. If the Company’s credit rating by S&P or Moody’s had been downgraded below investment grade on September 30, 2013, the Company would have been required to post additional collateral of $0.3 million in respect of the liability position. Investment grade refers to the quality of the Company’s credit as assessed by one or more credit rating agencies. The Company’s senior unsecured debt was rated BBB by S&P and Baa3 by Moody’s at September 30, 2013. In order to be considered investment grade, the Company must be rated BBB- or higher by S&P and Baa3 or higher by Moody’s. Anything below these ratings is considered non-investment grade. |
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