Stock Based Compensation | Note 4. Stock Based Compensation The Company follows ASC 718 in establishing standards for the accounting for transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services, as well as transactions in which an entity incurs liabilities in exchange for goods or services that are based on the fair value of the entity’s equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of those equity instruments. ASC 718 requires that the cost resulting from all share-based payment transactions be recognized in the financial statements based on the fair value of the share-based payment. ASC 718 establishes fair value as the measurement objective in accounting for share-based payment transactions with employees, except for equity instruments held by employee share ownership plans. Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $49,003 and $47,096, respectively, before income taxes. The related total deferred tax benefits were $2,727 and $2,547 for the same periods. Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the nine-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, was $141,450 and $124,972, respectively, before income taxes. The related total deferred tax benefits were $7,788 and $6,826 for the same periods. As of March 31, 2020, there was $195,512 of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock option awards that is expected to be recognized as expense over the next 1.75 years. The total deferred tax benefit related to these awards is expected to be $11,331. The Company has one employee stock option plan under which options or stock awards may be granted, the 2017 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the "2017 Plan"). The Board of Directors may grant options to acquire shares of common stock to employees and non-employee directors of the Company at the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. The maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock subject to options or awards to non-employee directors is 133,000 and the maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock subject to options or awards granted to non-employee directors during any single fiscal year is the lesser of 13,300 and 33 1/3% of the total number of shares subject to options or awards granted in such fiscal year. The maximum number of shares subject to options or awards granted to any individual employee may not exceed 15,000 in a fiscal year. Generally, options granted have a two-year vesting period based on two years of continuous service and have a ten-year contractual life. Option grants provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control. Shares issued upon the exercise of options are from those held in Treasury. Options covering 400,000 shares are authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan, of which 164,329 have been granted as of March 31, 2020. While no further grants of options may be made under the Company’s 2007 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan, as of March 31, 2020, 136,600 options were outstanding under such plan of which all are vested and exercisable. ASC 718 requires the use of a valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards. The Company has elected to use the Black-Scholes option valuation model, which incorporates various assumptions including those for dividend yield, volatility, expected life and interest rates. The table below outlines the weighted average assumptions that the Company used to calculate the fair value of each option award for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. March 31, 2020 March 31, 2019 Dividend yield 4.88% 3.68% Company’s expected volatility 27.81% 27.63% Risk-free interest rate 1.67% 2.70% Expected term 5.3 yrs 5.2 yrs Weighted average fair value per share of options granted during the period $ 3.03 $ 5.13 The Company declares regular dividends quarterly and declared and paid a regular cash dividends of $0.75 per share for the nine months ended March 31, 2020. The Company declared regular cash dividends of $0.75 per share and a special cash dividend of $1.00 per share for the nine months ended March 31, 2019. Expected stock price volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury issues with an equivalent term approximating the expected life of the options. The expected option term (in years) represents the estimated period of time until exercise and is based on actual historical experience. The following table summarizes stock option activity during the nine months ended March 31, 2020: Employee Stock Options Plan Weighted Number of Weighted Average Shares Average Remaining Aggregate Subject Exercise Contractual Intrinsic To Options Price Term Value Balance at July 1, 2019 259,164 $ 25.16 6.37 Granted 54,025 20.50 9.69 Exercised (3,600 ) 22.50 — Forfeited or expired (26,152 ) 25.38 — Outstanding at March 31, 2020 283,437 $ 24.28 6.40 $ 0 Vested or expected to vest at March 31, 2020 266,689 $ 24.32 6.23 $ 0 Exercisable at March 31, 2020 177,820 $ 24.57 4.75 $ 0 The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock as reported on the NYSE American on March 31, 2020 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders if all option holders had exercised their options on March 31, 2020. This amount changes based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock. The total intrinsic values of the options exercised during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were $263 and $64,420, respectively. The following table summarizes changes in non-vested stock options during the nine months ended March 31, 2020: Weighted Number Average of Shares Grant Date Subject Fair Value to Option (per Option) Non-vested at July 1, 2019 104,214 $ 4.077 Granted 54,025 $ 3.030 Vested (43,420 ) $ 2.794 Forfeited or expired (9,202 ) $ 4.194 Non-vested at March 31, 2020 105,617 $ 4.059 |