6. Property and Casualty Insurance Activity | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2013 |
Notes to Financial Statements | ' |
6. Property and Casualty Insurance Activity | ' |
Earned Premiums |
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Premiums written, ceded and earned are as follows: |
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| | Direct | | | Assumed | | | Ceded | | | Net | |
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Nine months ended September 30, 2013 (unaudited) | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums written | | $ | 44,651,570 | | | $ | 36,999 | | | $ | (26,567,984 | ) | | $ | 18,120,585 | |
Change in unearned premiums | | | (5,465,632 | ) | | | 17,377 | | | | 2,752,751 | | | | (2,695,504 | ) |
Premiums earned | | $ | 39,185,938 | | | $ | 54,376 | | | $ | (23,815,233 | ) | | $ | 15,425,081 | |
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Nine months ended September 30, 2012 (unaudited) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums written | | $ | 36,439,884 | | | $ | 21,553 | | | $ | (21,699,102 | ) | | $ | 14,762,335 | |
Change in unearned premiums | | | (4,017,217 | ) | | | (9,119 | ) | | | 1,817,614 | | | | (2,208,722 | ) |
Premiums earned | | $ | 32,422,667 | | | $ | 12,434 | | | $ | (19,881,488 | ) | | $ | 12,553,613 | |
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Three months ended September 30, 2013 (unaudited) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums written | | $ | 15,925,613 | | | $ | 16,952 | | | $ | (8,786,730 | ) | | $ | 7,155,835 | |
Change in unearned premiums | | | (2,013,499 | ) | | | (11,192 | ) | | | 994,440 | | | | (1,030,251 | ) |
Premiums earned | | $ | 13,912,114 | | | $ | 5,760 | | | $ | (7,792,290 | ) | | $ | 6,125,584 | |
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Three months ended September 30, 2012 (unaudited) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums written | | $ | 12,765,358 | | | $ | 18,354 | | | $ | (7,218,500 | ) | | $ | 5,565,212 | |
Change in unearned premiums | | | (1,363,818 | ) | | | (13,031 | ) | | | 228,143 | | | | (1,148,706 | ) |
Premiums earned | | $ | 11,401,540 | | | $ | 5,323 | | | $ | (6,990,357 | ) | | $ | 4,416,506 | |
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Premium receipts in advance of the policy effective date are recorded as advance premiums. The balance of advance premiums as of September 30, 2013 (unaudited) and December 31, 2012 was approximately $1,000,000 and $611,000, respectively. |
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Loss and Loss Adjustment Expenses |
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The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”): |
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| | Nine months ended | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2013 | | | 2012 | | | | | | | | | |
| | (unaudited) | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 30,485,532 | | | $ | 18,480,717 | | | | | | | | | |
Less reinsurance recoverables | | | (18,419,694 | ) | | | (10,001,060 | ) | | | | | | | | |
Net balance, beginning of period | | | 12,065,838 | | | | 8,479,657 | | | | | | | | | |
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Incurred related to: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current year | | | 7,467,756 | | | | 6,554,087 | | | | | | | | | |
Prior years | | | 682,814 | | | | 824,334 | | | | | | | | | |
Total incurred | | | 8,150,570 | | | | 7,378,421 | | | | | | | | | |
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Paid related to: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current year | | | 2,458,940 | | | | 2,572,948 | | | | | | | | | |
Prior years | | | 3,498,333 | | | | 2,681,698 | | | | | | | | | |
Total paid | | | 5,957,273 | | | | 5,254,646 | | | | | | | | | |
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Net balance at end of period | | | 14,259,135 | | | | 10,603,432 | | | | | | | | | |
Add reinsurance recoverables | | | 15,257,918 | | | | 11,679,713 | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at end of period | | $ | 29,517,053 | | | $ | 22,283,145 | | | | | | | | | |
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Incurred losses and LAE are net of reinsurance recoveries under reinsurance contracts of $12,170,056 and $6,917,332 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. |
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Prior year incurred loss and LAE development is based upon numerous estimates by line of business and accident year. The Company’s management continually monitors claims activity to assess the appropriateness of carried case and IBNR reserves, giving consideration to Company and industry trends. |
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Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves |
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The reserving process for loss adjustment expense reserves provides for the Company’s best estimate at a particular point in time of the ultimate unpaid cost of all losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, including settlement and administration of losses, and is based on facts and circumstances then known and including losses that have been incurred but not yet been reported. The process includes using actuarial methodologies to assist in establishing these estimates, judgments relative to estimates of future claims severity and frequency, the length of time before losses will develop to their ultimate level and the possible changes in the law and other external factors that are often beyond the Company’s control. The loss ratio projection method is used to estimate loss reserves. The process produces carried reserves set by management based upon the actuaries’ best estimate and is the result of numerous best estimates made by line of business, accident year, and loss and loss adjustment expense. The amount of loss and loss adjustment expense reserves for reported claims is based primarily upon a case-by-case evaluation of coverage, liability, injury severity, and any other information considered pertinent to estimating the exposure presented by the claim. The amounts of loss and loss adjustment expense reserves for unreported claims are determined using historical information by line of insurance as adjusted to current conditions. Since this process produces loss reserves set by management based upon the actuaries’ best estimate, there is no explicit or implicit provision for uncertainty in the carried loss reserves. |
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Due to the inherent uncertainty associated with the reserving process, the ultimate liability may differ, perhaps substantially, from the original estimate. Such estimates are regularly reviewed and updated and any resulting adjustments are included in the current year’s results. Reserves are closely monitored and are recomputed periodically using the most recent information on reported claims and a variety of statistical techniques. Specifically, on at least a quarterly basis, the Company reviews, by line of business, existing reserves, new claims, changes to existing case reserves and paid losses with respect to the current and prior years. |
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Reinsurance |
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The Company’s reinsurance treaties for both its Personal Lines business, which primarily consists of homeowners’ policies, and Commercial Lines business were renewed effective July 1, 2013. The treaties are annual, except for personal lines described below, and provide for the following material terms as of July 1, 2013: |
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Personal Lines |
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The personal lines treaty was renewed with a two year term expiring on June 30, 2015. Personal lines business, which includes homeowners, dwelling fire and canine legal liability insurance, is reinsured under a 75% quota share treaty, which provides coverage with respect to losses of up to $1,200,000 per occurrence. An excess of loss contract provides 100% of coverage for the next $1,700,000 of losses for a total reinsurance coverage of $2,600,000 with respect to losses of up to $2,900,000 per occurrence. Effective as of July 1, 2014, the Company has the option to increase the quota share percentage to a maximum of 85% or decrease the quota share percentage to a minimum of 55% by giving no less than 30 days advance notice. See “Catastrophe Reinsurance” below for a discussion of the Company’s reinsurance coverage with respect to its Personal Lines business in the event of a catastrophe. |
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Personal umbrella policies are reinsured under a 90% quota share treaty limiting the Company to a maximum of $100,000 per occurrence for the first $1,000,000 of coverage. The second $1,000,000 of coverage is 100% reinsured. |
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Commercial Lines |
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General liability commercial policies written by the Company, except for commercial auto policies, are reinsured under a 25% quota share treaty, which provides coverage with respect to losses of up to $400,000 per occurrence. Excess of loss contracts provide 100% of coverage for the next $2,500,000 of losses for a total reinsurance coverage of $2,600,000 with respect to losses of up to $2,900,000 per occurrence. |
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Commercial Auto |
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Commercial auto policies are covered by an excess of loss reinsurance contract, which provides $1,700,000 of coverage in excess of $300,000. |
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Catastrophe Reinsurance |
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The Company has catastrophe reinsurance coverage with regard to losses of up to $90,000,000. The initial $4,000,000 of losses in a catastrophe are subject to a 75% quota share treaty, such that the Company retains $1,000,000 per catastrophe occurrence With respect to any additional catastrophe losses of up to $86,000,000 per catastrophe, the Company is 100% reinsured under its catastrophe reinsurance program. Catastrophe coverage is limited on an annual basis to two times the per occurrence amounts. |
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The reinsurance treaties, which were in effect as of June 30, 2013, provided for the following material terms: |
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Personal Lines |
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Personal Lines business, which includes homeowners, dwelling fire and canine legal liability insurance, was reinsured under a 75% quota share treaty which provided coverage with respect to losses of up to $1,000,000 per occurrence. An excess of loss contract provided 100% of coverage for the next $1,900,000 of losses for a total reinsurance coverage of $2,650,000 with respect to losses of up to $2,900,000 per occurrence. See “Catastrophe Reinsurance” below for a discussion of the Company’s reinsurance coverage with respect to its Personal Lines business in the event of a catastrophe. |
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Personal umbrella policies were reinsured under a 90% quota share treaty limiting the Company to a maximum of $100,000 per occurrence for the first $1,000,000 of coverage. The second $1,000,000 of coverage was 100% reinsured. |
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Commercial Lines |
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General liability commercial policies written by the Company, except for commercial auto policies, were reinsured under a 40% quota share treaty, which provided coverage with respect to losses of up to $500,000 per occurrence. Excess of loss contracts provided 100% of coverage for the next $2,400,000 of losses for a total reinsurance coverage of $2,600,000 with respect to losses of up to $2,900,000 per occurrence. |
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Commercial Auto |
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Commercial auto policies were covered by an excess of loss reinsurance contract, which provided $1,750,000 of coverage in excess of $250,000. |
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Catastrophe Reinsurance |
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The Company had catastrophe reinsurance coverage with regard to losses of up to $73,000,000. The initial $3,000,000 of losses in a catastrophe were subject to a 75% quota share treaty, such that the Company retained $750,000 per catastrophe occurrence With respect to any additional catastrophe losses of up to $70,000,000, the Company was 100% reinsured under its catastrophe reinsurance program. |
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The Company’s reinsurance program is structured to enable the Company to significantly grow its premium volume while maintaining regulatory capital and other financial ratios generally within or below the expected ranges used for regulatory oversight purposes. The reinsurance program also provides income as a result of ceding commissions earned pursuant to the quota share reinsurance contracts. The Company’s participation in reinsurance arrangements does not relieve the Company from its obligations to policyholders. |
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The renewals of the Company’s reinsurance programs on July 1, 2013 and 2012 resulted in adjustments to ceded written premiums, net written premiums and provisional ceding commissions earned. These adjustments were the result of the annual renewals and are not recurring on a quarterly basis: |
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Personal Lines Quota Share |
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On July 1, 2013, the Company’s provisional ceding commissions rate increased from 35% to 40%, and, as a result, the reinsurers were obligated to pay to the Company 5% of the ceded unearned premiums as of June 30, 2013. The additional provisional ceding commissions received will increase provisional ceding commission revenue as they are earned. |
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Commercial Lines Quota Share |
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On July 1, 2013, the change from a 40% quota share to a 25% quota share resulted in a decrease to ceded written premiums, as the quota share carriers were obligated to return to the Company 37.50% of the previously ceded unearned premiums. On July 1, 2012, the change from a 60% quota share to a 40% quota share resulted in a decrease to ceded written premiums, as the quota share carriers were obligated to return to the Company 33.33% of the previously ceded unearned premiums. The returned unearned premiums are then earned over the remaining life of the policies to which they relate. On July 1, 2013 and 2012, along with the increase to net written premiums and net earned premiums, the Company was obligated to return to the reinsurers 37.50% and 33.33%, respectively, of the unearned provisional ceding commission previously received, which will reduce future ceding commission revenues as they are earned. |
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The Company received advance payments from catastrophe reinsurers related to Superstorm Sandy. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the balance of advance payments from catastrophe reinsurers which will be applied against unpaid losses when paid was $-0- and $7,358,391, respectively, and are included in “Advance payments from catastrophe reinsurers” in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. |
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Ceding Commission Revenue |
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The Company earns ceding commission revenue under its quota share reinsurance agreements based on: (i) a fixed provisional commission rate at which provisional ceding commissions are earned, and (ii) a sliding scale of commission rates and ultimate treaty year loss ratios on the policies reinsured under each of these agreements based upon which contingent ceding commissions are earned. The sliding scale includes minimum and maximum commission rates in relation to specified ultimate loss ratios. The commission rate and contingent ceding commissions earned increases when the estimated ultimate loss ratio decreases and, conversely, the commission rate and contingent ceding commissions earned decreases when the estimated ultimate loss ratio increases. |
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As of September 30, 2013, the Company’s estimated ultimate loss ratios are attributable to contracts for the July 1, 2012/June 30, 2013 treaty year (“2012/2013 Treaty”) and the July 1, 2013/June 30, 2014 treaty year (“2013/2014 Treaty”). As of September 30, 2012, the Company’s estimated ultimate loss ratios are attributable to contracts for the July 1, 2011/June 30, 2012 treaty year (“2011/2012 Treaty”) and the 2012/2013 Treaty. |
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As of September 30, 2013, the Company’s estimated ultimate loss ratios attributable to the 2012/2013 Treaty are greater than the contractual ultimate loss ratios at which the provisional ceding commissions are earned. Accordingly, for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company has recorded negative contingent ceding commissions earned with respect to the 2012/2013 Treaty. |
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As of September 30, 2013, the Company’s estimated ultimate loss ratios attributable to contracts for the 2013/2014 Treaty are lower than the contractual ultimate loss ratios at which the provisional ceding commissions are earned. Accordingly, for the three months ended September 30, 2013, the Company has recorded contingent ceding commissions earned with respect to the 2013/2014 Treaty. |
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As of September 30, 2012, the Company’s estimated ultimate loss ratios attributable to contracts for the 2012/2013 Treaty and 2011/2012 Treaty are lower than the contractual ultimate loss ratios at which the provisional ceding commissions are earned. Accordingly, for the nine months and three months ended September 30, 2012, the Company has recorded contingent ceding commissions earned with respect to the 2012/2013 Treaty and 2011/2012 Treaty. |
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Ceding commissions earned consists of the following: |
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| | Three months ended September 30, | | | Nine months ended September 30, | |
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| | 2013 | | | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | 2012 | |
| | (unaudited) | | | (unaudited) | |
Provisional ceding commissions earned | | $ | 2,940,661 | | | $ | 2,171,391 | | | $ | 7,836,370 | | | $ | 6,231,106 | |
Contingent ceding commissions earned | | | 670,883 | | | | 540,040 | | | | 403,316 | | | | 2,294,839 | |
| | $ | 3,611,544 | | | $ | 2,711,431 | | | $ | 8,239,686 | | | $ | 8,525,945 | |
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Provisional ceding commissions are settled monthly. Balances due from reinsurers for contingent ceding commissions on quota share treaties are settled annually based on the loss ratio of each treaty year that ends on June 30. As discussed above, through June 30, 2013, the culmination date of the 2012/2013 Treaty, the Company has recorded negative contingent ceding commissions earned with respect to the 2012/2013 Treaty, which results in ceding commissions payable to reinsurers. The Company has recorded contingent ceding commissions earned for the three months ended September 30, 2013with respect to the 2013/2014 Treaty. Net contingent ceding commissions payable to reinsurers as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 was $174,569 and $807,415, respectively, and is included in “Reinsurance balances payable” in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. |