Again, it’s a pleasure to be here. I look forward to today’s discussion.
Thank you.
MR. OSWALD: Yeah, so a few ideas in there.
You know, I always start with the dual energy challenge and there are risks associated with missing either of those challenges, the first being to supply the world with affordable energy and the second to address the risks associated with climate change. So I take exception a little bit to the IEA approach of, you know, working on supply rather than demand, and I don’t think we’re in a position where we can put at risk the supply of affordable energy. So there’s still investment required to make sure we make that transition.
As far as CCS goes, you know, just to put some context around there, they were looking at numbers of sort of several gigatons or billions of tons of sequestered carbon by, say, 2030, 2040, in the mid frame of the 2050 progression and I think up to 7 or 8 gigatons, billions of tons of carbon sequestered by 2050.
So that really puts our project in context — remember, a hundred million tons annually, which is pretty much the largest proposed project, you know, not implemented but proposed project. So it just puts the challenge, I think, in clear light.
As I described Houston hub for you, be thinking that the world needs to execute something like 40 or 50 of those in the next year, and remember the kinds of costs that we talked about. So I think it’s an opportunity, but it’s also something that we have to address and kind of get after seriously.
To that end, I’m up in Washington, D.C., this week starting conversations with the policy makers, who will clearly play a big role, and you know, we’ve had some very interesting conversations. We’re talking about 45Q, which some of you will know is the tax mechanism that supports sequestration, and there would be — that requires modifications to scale up to what we’re trying to do here.
We’ve also talked about infrastructure investment, having the government make initial investments in infrastructure to create the new market, looking what those opportunities look like. And then, finally, there’s a whole suite of regulatory issues from access and liability all the way down to regulating the wellbores that would be involved in injecting the CO2.
Right now, surprisingly enough, the regulations around injecting CO2 into the ground are about the same as injecting nuclear waste into the ground. And you know, especially if you’re talking about injection offshore, 60 miles offshore, you’re not worried about drinking water or anything like that. So we’ll need some streamlining in how we’re managing regulation of those wells.
MR. OSWALD: Yeah, we’ve had great response from the potential participants. You know, I think we’ve worked our way through communicating almost all of the — there’s about 50 companies involved in the larger project. Local politicians, you know, from the mayors all the way up through state officials have, of course, been very positive on it.
We’ve also had discussions with the administration at very high levels. They’re very positive and very supportive. You heard — Janet Yellen, I think, yesterday made comments in support of CCS.
So I think it’s an idea whose time has finally arrived. You know, it’s something we’ve been talking about for a long time so I’m encouraged by the tone of the conversations here. But I’m also — you know, realistically it’s a very tough legislative conversation and there’s a lot of really difficult conversations ahead with Congress to figure out how to actually work these funding mechanisms.
So I think there’s a lot of work ahead, but I think the time has arrived and it has arrived with the kind of goals that we’ve signed up here for.
MR. OSWALD: Thank you.