Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements are also utilized to determine the initial value of certain assets and liabilities, to perform impairment assessments, and for disclosure purposes. The Company uses quoted market prices and observable inputs to the maximum extent possible when measuring fair value. In the absence of quoted market prices, various valuation techniques are utilized to measure fair value. When possible, observable market data for identical or similar financial instruments is used in the valuation. When market data is not available, fair value is determined using valuation models that incorporate management’s estimates of the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability. Fair value measurements are classified within one of three levels based on the observability of the inputs used to determine fair value, as follows: • Level 1 — The valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments. • Level 2 — The valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. • Level 3 — The valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by minimal or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the instrument. Level 3 valuations are typically performed using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate management’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the instrument, or valuations that require significant management judgment or estimation. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company elected fair value accounting for mortgages held for sale. The Company believes the election for mortgages held for sale (which are economically hedged with free-standing derivatives) will reduce certain timing differences and better match changes in the value of these assets with changes in the value of derivatives used as economic hedges for these assets. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , all mortgages held for sale were carried at fair value. The following table shows the differences between the fair value carrying amount of mortgages held for sale measured at fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal amount the Company is contractually entitled to receive at maturity. (Dollars in thousands) Fair value carrying amount Aggregate unpaid principal Excess of fair value carrying amount over (under) unpaid principal March 31, 2019 Mortgages held for sale reported at fair value $ 9,210 $ 8,970 $ 240 (1) December 31, 2018 Mortgages held for sale reported at fair value $ 11,290 $ 11,076 $ 214 (1) (1) The excess of fair value carrying amount over (under) unpaid principal is included in mortgage banking income and includes changes in fair value at and subsequent to funding and gains and losses on the related loan commitment prior to funding. Financial Instruments on Recurring Basis: The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis: Investment securities available-for-sale are valued primarily by a third party pricing agent. Prices supplied by the independent pricing agent, as well as their pricing methodologies and assumptions, are reviewed by the Company for reasonableness and to ensure such prices are aligned with market levels. In general, the Company’s investment securities do not possess a complex structure that could introduce greater valuation risk. The portfolio mainly consists of traditional investments including U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities, Federal agency mortgage pass-through securities, and general obligation and revenue municipal bonds. Pricing for such instruments is fairly generic and is easily obtained. On a quarterly basis, prices supplied by the pricing agent are validated by comparison to prices obtained from other third party sources for a material portion of the portfolio. The valuation policy and procedures for Level 3 fair value measurements of available-for-sale debt securities are decided through collaboration between management of the Corporate Accounting and Funds Management departments. The changes in fair value measurement for Level 3 securities are analyzed on a periodic basis under a collaborative framework with the aforementioned departments. The methodology and variables used for input are derived from the combination of observable and unobservable inputs. The unobservable inputs are determined through internal assumptions that may vary from period to period due to external factors, such as market movement and credit rating adjustments. Both the market and income valuation approaches are implemented using the following types of inputs: • U.S. treasuries are priced using the market approach and utilizing live data feeds from active market exchanges for identical securities. • Government-sponsored agency debt securities and corporate bonds are primarily priced using available market information through processes such as benchmark curves, market valuations of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing. • Other government-sponsored agency securities, mortgage-backed securities and some of the actively traded REMICs and CMOs, are primarily priced using available market information including benchmark yields, prepayment speeds, spreads and volatility of similar securities. • State and political subdivisions are largely grouped by characteristics, i.e., geographical data and source of revenue in trade dissemination systems. Since some securities are not traded daily and due to other grouping limitations, active market quotes are often obtained using benchmarking for like securities. Local direct placement municipal securities, with very little market activity, are priced using an appropriate market yield curve, which includes a credit spread assumption. Mortgages held for sale and the related loan commitments and forward contracts (hedges) are valued using a market value approach and utilizing an appropriate current market yield and a loan commitment closing rate based on historical analysis. Interest rate swap positions, both assets and liabilities, are valued by a third-party pricing agent using an income approach and utilizing models that use as their basis readily observable market parameters. This valuation process considers various factors including interest rate yield curves, time value and volatility factors. Validation of third party agent valuations is accomplished by comparing those values to the Company’s swap counterparty valuations. Management believes an adjustment is required to “mid-market” valuations for derivatives tied to its performing loan portfolio to recognize the imprecision and related exposure inherent in the process of estimating expected credit losses as well as velocity of deterioration evident with systemic risks embedded in these portfolios. Any change in the mid-market derivative valuation adjustment will be recognized immediately through the Consolidated Statements of Income. The following table shows the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. (Dollars in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total March 31, 2019 Assets: Investment securities available-for-sale: U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities $ 33,895 $ 501,511 $ — $ 535,406 U.S. States and political subdivisions securities — 83,692 5,064 88,756 Mortgage-backed securities — Federal agencies — 329,941 — 329,941 Corporate debt securities — 48,006 — 48,006 Foreign government and other securities — 700 — 700 Total debt securities available-for-sale 33,895 963,850 5,064 1,002,809 Mortgages held for sale — 9,210 — 9,210 Accrued income and other assets (interest rate swap agreements) — 10,375 — 10,375 Total $ 33,895 $ 983,435 $ 5,064 $ 1,022,394 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities (interest rate swap agreements) $ — $ 10,558 $ — $ 10,558 Total $ — $ 10,558 $ — $ 10,558 December 31, 2018 Assets: Investment securities available-for-sale: U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities $ 33,746 $ 497,477 $ — $ 531,223 U.S. States and political subdivisions securities — 93,557 1,025 94,582 Mortgage-backed securities — Federal agencies — 318,233 — 318,233 Corporate debt securities — 45,392 — 45,392 Foreign government and other securities — 699 — 699 Total debt securities available-for-sale 33,746 955,358 1,025 990,129 Mortgages held for sale — 11,290 — 11,290 Accrued income and other assets (interest rate swap agreements) — 7,124 — 7,124 Total $ 33,746 $ 973,772 $ 1,025 $ 1,008,543 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other liabilities (interest rate swap agreements) $ — $ 7,250 $ — $ 7,250 Total $ — $ 7,250 $ — $ 7,250 The following table shows changes in Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 . (Dollars in thousands) U.S. States and political subdivisions securities Foreign government and other securities Investment securities available-for-sale Beginning balance January 1, 2019 $ 1,025 $ — $ 1,025 Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized): Included in earnings — — — Included in other comprehensive income 19 — 19 Purchases 4,100 — 4,100 Issuances — — — Sales — — — Settlements — — — Maturities (80 ) — (80 ) Transfers into Level 3 — — — Transfers out of Level 3 — — — Ending balance March 31, 2019 $ 5,064 $ — $ 5,064 Beginning balance January 1, 2018 $ 2,155 $ 710 $ 2,865 Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized): Included in earnings — — — Included in other comprehensive income — (2 ) (2 ) Purchases — — — Issuances — — — Sales — — — Settlements — — — Maturities — — — Transfers into Level 3 — — — Transfers out of Level 3 — — — Ending balance March 31, 2018 $ 2,155 $ 708 $ 2,863 There were no gains or losses for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets and liabilities still held at March 31, 2019 or 2018 . No transfers between levels occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2019 or 2018 . The following table shows the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value Valuation Methodology Unobservable Inputs Range of Inputs March 31, 2019 Debt securities available-for sale Direct placement municipal securities $ 5,064 Discounted cash flows Credit spread assumption 2.51% - 2.94% December 31, 2018 Debt securities available-for sale Direct placement municipal securities $ 1,025 Discounted cash flows Credit spread assumption 0.17% - 3.02% The sensitivity to changes in the unobservable inputs and their impact on the fair value measurement can be significant. The significant unobservable input for direct placement municipal securities are the credit spread assumptions used to determine the fair value measure. An increase (decrease) in the estimated spread assumption of the market will decrease (increase) the fair value measure of the securities. Financial Instruments on Non-recurring Basis: The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain other financial assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from application of lower of cost or market accounting or impairment charges of individual assets. The Credit Policy Committee (CPC), a management committee, is responsible for overseeing the valuation processes and procedures for Level 3 measurements of impaired loans, other real estate and repossessions. The CPC reviews these assets on a quarterly basis to determine the accuracy of the observable inputs, generally third party appraisals, auction values, values derived from trade publications and data submitted by the borrower, and the appropriateness of the unobservable inputs, generally discounts due to current market conditions and collection issues. The CPC establishes discounts based on asset type and valuation source; deviations from the standard are documented. The discounts are reviewed periodically, annually at a minimum, to determine they remain appropriate. Consideration is given to current trends in market values for the asset categories and gains and losses on sales of similar assets. The Loan and Funds Management Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing the CPC. Discounts vary depending on the nature of the assets and the source of value. Aircraft are generally valued using quarterly trade publications adjusted for engine time, condition, maintenance programs, discounted by 10% . Likewise, autos are valued using current auction values, discounted by 10% ; medium and heavy duty trucks are valued using trade publications and auction values, discounted by 15% . Construction equipment is generally valued using trade publications and auction values, discounted by 20% . Real estate is valued based on appraisals or evaluations, discounted by 20% with higher discounts for property in poor condition or property with characteristics which may make it more difficult to market. Commercial loans subject to borrowing base certificates are generally discounted by 20% for receivables and 40% - 75% for inventory with higher discounts when monthly borrowing base certificates are not required or received. Impaired loans and related write-downs are based on the fair value of the underlying collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Collateral values are reviewed quarterly and estimated using customized discounting criteria, appraisals and dealer and trade magazine quotes which are used in a market valuation approach. In accordance with fair value measurements, only impaired loans for which a reserve for loan loss has been established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. As a result, only a portion of the Company’s impaired loans are classified in the fair value hierarchy. The Company has established MSRs valuation policies and procedures based on industry standards and to ensure valuation methodologies are consistent and verifiable. MSRs and related adjustments to fair value result from application of lower of cost or fair value accounting. For purposes of impairment, MSRs are stratified based on the predominant risk characteristics of the underlying servicing, principally by loan type. The fair value of each tranche of the servicing portfolio is estimated by calculating the present value of estimated future net servicing cash flows, taking into consideration actual and expected mortgage loan prepayment rates, discount rates, servicing costs, and other economic factors. Prepayment rates and discount rates are derived through a third party pricing agent. Changes in the most significant inputs, including prepayment rates and discount rates, are compared to the changes in the fair value measurements and appropriate resolution is made. A fair value analysis is also obtained from an independent third party agent and compared to the internal valuation for reasonableness. MSRs do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices and though sales of MSRs do occur, precise terms and conditions typically are not readily available and the characteristics of the Company’s servicing portfolio may differ from those of any servicing portfolios that do trade. Other real estate is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral less expected selling costs. Collateral values are estimated primarily using appraisals and reflect a market value approach. Fair values are reviewed quarterly, and new appraisals are obtained annually. Repossessions are similarly valued. For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis the following represents impairment charges (recoveries) recognized on these assets during the quarter ended March 31, 2019 : impaired loans - $3.00 million ; mortgage servicing rights - $0.00 million ; repossessions - $1.10 million ; and other real estate - $0.00 million . The following table shows the carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. (Dollars in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total March 31, 2019 Impaired loans - collateral based $ — $ — $ 1,578 $ 1,578 Accrued income and other assets (mortgage servicing rights) — — 4,247 4,247 Accrued income and other assets (repossessions) — — 10,411 10,411 Accrued income and other assets (other real estate) — — 417 417 Total $ — $ — $ 16,653 $ 16,653 December 31, 2018 Impaired loans - collateral based $ — $ — $ 7,306 $ 7,306 Accrued income and other assets (mortgage servicing rights) — — 4,283 4,283 Accrued income and other assets (repossessions) — — 6,666 6,666 Accrued income and other assets (other real estate) — — 299 299 Total $ — $ — $ 18,554 $ 18,554 The following table below shows the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. (Dollars in thousands) Carrying Value Fair Value Valuation Methodology Unobservable Inputs Range of Inputs March 31, 2019 Impaired loans $ 1,578 $ 1,578 Collateral based measurements including appraisals, trade publications, and auction values Discount for lack of marketability and current conditions 20% - 100% Mortgage servicing rights 4,247 6,677 Discounted cash flows Constant prepayment rate (CPR) 9.1% - 25.9% Discount rate 9.8% - 12.6% Repossessions 10,411 10,883 Appraisals, trade publications and auction values Discount for lack of marketability 0% - 6% Other real estate 417 424 Appraisals Discount for lack of marketability 0% - 9% December 31, 2018 Impaired loans $ 7,306 $ 7,306 Collateral based measurements including appraisals, trade publications, and auction values Discount for lack of marketability and current conditions 20% - 35% Mortgage servicing rights 4,283 7,238 Discounted cash flows Constant prepayment rate (CPR) 7.2% - 24.8% Discount rate 10.3 % - 13.1% Repossessions 6,666 6,991 Appraisals, trade publications and auction values Discount for lack of marketability 4% - 6% Other real estate 299 305 Appraisals Discount for lack of marketability 0% - 10% GAAP requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis. The following table shows the fair values of the Company’s financial instruments. (Dollars in thousands) Carrying or Contract Value Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 March 31, 2019 Assets: Cash and due from banks $ 64,619 $ 64,619 $ 64,619 $ — $ — Federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks 3,062 3,062 3,062 — — Investment securities, available-for-sale 1,002,809 1,002,809 33,895 963,850 5,064 Other investments 28,404 28,404 28,404 — — Mortgages held for sale 9,210 9,210 — 9,210 — Loans and leases, net of reserve for loan and lease losses 4,824,335 4,802,938 — — 4,802,938 Mortgage servicing rights 4,247 6,677 — — 6,677 Accrued interest receivable 21,576 21,576 — 21,576 — Interest rate swaps 10,375 10,375 — 10,375 — Liabilities: Deposits $ 5,124,091 $ 5,121,098 $ 3,559,051 $ 1,562,047 $ — Short-term borrowings 255,388 255,388 148,284 107,104 — Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities 71,439 69,724 — 69,724 — Subordinated notes 58,764 55,484 — 55,484 — Accrued interest payable 11,377 11,377 — 11,377 — Interest rate swaps 10,558 10,558 — 10,558 — Off-balance-sheet instruments * — 247 — 247 — December 31, 2018 Assets: Cash and due from banks $ 94,907 $ 94,907 $ 94,907 $ — $ — Federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks 4,172 4,172 4,172 — — Investment securities, available-for-sale 990,129 990,129 33,746 955,358 1,025 Other investments 28,404 28,404 28,404 — — Mortgages held for sale 11,290 11,290 — 11,290 — Loans and leases, net of reserve for loan and lease losses 4,734,995 4,689,267 — — 4,689,267 Mortgage servicing rights 4,283 7,238 — — 7,238 Accrued interest receivable 18,880 18,880 — 18,880 — Interest rate swaps 7,124 7,124 — 7,124 — Liabilities: Deposits $ 5,122,322 $ 5,111,711 $ 3,654,556 $ 1,457,155 $ — Short-term borrowings 199,344 199,344 113,734 85,610 — Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities 71,123 68,751 — 68,751 — Subordinated notes 58,764 45,874 — 45,874 — Accrued interest payable 8,950 8,950 — 8,950 — Interest rate swaps 7,250 7,250 — 7,250 — Off-balance-sheet instruments * — 259 — 259 — * Represents estimated cash outflows required to currently settle the obligations at current market rates. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and require considerable judgment to interpret market data. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange, nor are they intended to represent the fair value of the Company as a whole. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. The fair value estimates presented herein are based on pertinent information available to management as of the respective balance sheet date. Although the Company is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the estimated fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued since the presentation dates, and therefore, estimates of fair value after the balance sheet date may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein. Other significant assets, such as premises and equipment, other assets, and liabilities not defined as financial instruments, are not included in the above disclosures. Also, the fair value estimates for deposits do not include the benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by the deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market. |