Loan and Lease Financings | Loan and Lease Financings The Company evaluates loans and leases for credit quality at least annually but more frequently if certain circumstances occur (such as material new information which becomes available and indicates a potential change in credit risk). The Company uses two methods to assess credit risk: loan or lease credit quality grades and credit risk classifications. The purpose of the loan or lease credit quality grade is to document the degree of risk associated with individual credits as well as inform management of the degree of risk in the portfolio taken as a whole. Credit risk classifications are used to categorize loans by degree of risk and to designate individual or committee approval authorities for higher risk credits at the time of origination. Credit risk classifications include categories for: Acceptable, Marginal, Special Attention, Special Risk, Restricted by Policy, Regulated and Prohibited by Law. All loans and leases, except residential real estate and home equity loans and consumer loans, are assigned credit quality grades on a scale from 1 to 12 with grade 1 representing superior credit quality. The criteria used to assign grades to extensions of credit that exhibit potential problems or well-defined weaknesses are primarily based upon the degree of risk and the likelihood of orderly repayment, and their effect on the Company’s safety and soundness. Loans or leases graded 7 or weaker are considered “special attention” credits and, as such, relationships in excess of $250,000 are reviewed quarterly as part of management’s evaluation of the appropriateness of the allowance for loan and lease losses. Grade 7 credits are defined as “watch” and contain greater than average credit risk and are monitored to limit the exposure to increased risk; grade 8 credits are “special mention” and, following regulatory guidelines, are defined as having potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. Credits that exhibit well-defined weaknesses and a distinct possibility of loss are considered “classified” and are graded 9 through 12 corresponding to the regulatory definitions of “substandard” (grades 9 and 10) and the more severe “doubtful” (grade 11) and “loss” (grade 12). For residential real estate and home equity and consumer loans, credit quality is based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. Nonperforming loans are those loans which are on nonaccrual status or are 90 days or more past due. Below is a summary of the Company’s loan and lease portfolio segments and a discussion of the risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment. Commercial and agricultural – loans are to entities within the Company’s local market communities. Loans are for business or agri-business purposes and include working capital lines of credit secured by accounts receivable and inventory that are generally renewable annually and term loans secured by equipment with amortizations based on the expected life of the underlying collateral, generally three Solar – loans are for the purpose of financing solar related projects and may include construction draw notes, operating loans, letters of credit and may entail a tax equity structure. Collateral in a multi-state area includes tangible assets of the borrower, assignment of intangible assets including power purchase agreements, and pledges of permits and licenses. Financing is provided to qualified borrowers throughout the continental United States with an emphasis on the region east of the Rocky Mountains. Auto and light truck – loans are secured by vehicles and borrowers are nationwide. The portfolio predominantly consists of loans to borrowers in the auto rental and commercial auto leasing industries. Borrowers in the auto rental segment are primarily independent auto rental entities with on-airport and off-airport locations, and some insurance replacement business. Loan amortizations are relatively short, generally eighteen months, but up to four years. Auto leasing customers lease to businesses and the Company takes assignment of the lease stream and places its lien on the vehicles. Terms are generally longer than the auto rental sector, three Medium and heavy duty truck – loans and full-service truck leases are secured by heavy-duty trucks, commonly Class 8 trucks, and are generally personally guaranteed. In addition to economic risks, collateral risk is significant. Financing is generally at full cost, plus additional expenditures to get the vehicle operational, such as taxes, insurance and fees. It takes three Aircraft – loans are to domestic and foreign borrowers with the domestic segment further divided into two pools: 1) personal and business use, and 2) dealers and operators. The Company’s focus for the foreign sector is Latin America, principally Mexico and Brazil. Loans are primarily secured by new and used business jets and helicopters, with appropriate advances, amortizations of ten Construction equipment – loans are to borrowers throughout the country secured by specific equipment. The borrowers include highway and road builders, asphalt producers and pavers, suppliers of aggregate products, site developers, frac sand operations, general construction equipment dealers and operators, and crane rental entities. Generally, loans include personal guarantees. The construction equipment industry is heavily dependent on both the U.S. and global economy. Market growth is reliant on investments from public and private sectors into urbanization and infrastructure projects. Commercial real estate – loans are generally to entities within the local market communities served by the Company with advances generally within regulatory guidelines. Historically, the Company’s exposure to commercial real estate has been primarily to the less risky owner-occupied segment. The non-owner-occupied segment accounts for less than half of the commercial real estate portfolio and includes hotels, apartment complexes and warehousing facilities. There is limited exposure to construction loans. Many commercial real estate loans carry personal guarantees. Additional risks in the commercial real estate portfolio stem from geographical concentration in northern Indiana and southwest Michigan and general economic conditions. Residential real estate and home equity – loans predominantly include one-to-four family mortgages to borrowers in the Company’s local market communities and are appropriately underwritten and secured by residential real estate. Consumer – loans are to individuals in the Company’s local markets and auto loans are generally secured by personal vehicles and appropriately underwritten. The following table shows the amortized cost of loans and leases, segregated by portfolio segment, credit quality rating and year of origination as of September 30, 2023 and gross charge-offs for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year (Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Commercial and agricultural Grades 1-6 $ 124,559 $ 127,855 $ 76,034 $ 43,890 $ 24,025 $ 18,156 $ 316,644 $ — $ 731,163 Grades 7-12 4,203 2,304 6,341 494 1,162 677 16,707 — 31,888 Total commercial and agricultural 128,762 130,159 82,375 44,384 25,187 18,833 333,351 — 763,051 Current period gross charge-offs 455 411 — 17 4 — 1,946 — 2,833 Solar Grades 1-6 129,390 24,436 89,699 30,775 57,010 26,392 — — 357,702 Grades 7-12 — — — 1,054 5,513 680 — — 7,247 Total solar 129,390 24,436 89,699 31,829 62,523 27,072 — — 364,949 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Auto and light truck Grades 1-6 471,833 290,946 75,619 30,020 17,041 6,856 — — 892,315 Grades 7-12 1,033 2,471 789 3,116 817 943 — — 9,169 Total auto and light truck 472,866 293,417 76,408 33,136 17,858 7,799 — — 901,484 Current period gross charge-offs — 140 75 4 19 63 — — 301 Medium and heavy duty truck Grades 1-6 86,301 132,020 50,345 28,630 20,275 5,631 — — 323,202 Grades 7-12 — — — — — — — — — Total medium and heavy duty truck 86,301 132,020 50,345 28,630 20,275 5,631 — — 323,202 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Aircraft Grades 1-6 166,133 389,870 214,169 179,737 49,474 41,619 5,776 — 1,046,778 Grades 7-12 4,310 9,677 7,161 4,819 — 6,836 — — 32,803 Total aircraft 170,443 399,547 221,330 184,556 49,474 48,455 5,776 — 1,079,581 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Construction equipment Grades 1-6 370,642 372,029 149,279 74,922 36,373 10,066 22,795 2,418 1,038,524 Grades 7-12 4,689 16,805 1,180 568 154 41 — 136 23,573 Total construction equipment 375,331 388,834 150,459 75,490 36,527 10,107 22,795 2,554 1,062,097 Current period gross charge-offs — 44 1 — — — — — 45 Commercial real estate Grades 1-6 252,567 252,121 154,744 109,181 90,192 202,871 292 — 1,061,968 Grades 7-12 144 2,747 856 5,752 4,602 12,130 — — 26,231 Total commercial real estate 252,711 254,868 155,600 114,933 94,794 215,001 292 — 1,088,199 Current period gross charge-offs — 39 — — 179 — — — 218 Residential real estate and home equity Performing 67,545 112,070 92,751 89,539 31,394 75,909 151,550 5,121 625,879 Nonperforming — 84 74 — 414 632 356 76 1,636 Total residential real estate and home equity 67,545 112,154 92,825 89,539 31,808 76,541 151,906 5,197 627,515 Current period gross charge-offs — — — — — 54 1 — 55 Consumer Performing 43,514 53,780 22,705 7,552 3,441 1,346 10,841 — 143,179 Nonperforming — 173 120 49 42 7 — — 391 Total consumer 43,514 53,953 22,825 7,601 3,483 1,353 10,841 — 143,570 Current period gross charge-offs $ 353 $ 374 $ 90 $ 26 $ 13 $ 3 $ 20 $ — $ 879 The following table shows the amortized cost of loans and leases, segregated by portfolio segment, credit quality rating and year of origination as of December 31, 2022. Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year (Dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Commercial and agricultural Grades 1-6 $ 159,317 $ 107,232 $ 71,365 $ 35,874 $ 17,192 $ 13,860 $ 370,553 $ — $ 775,393 Grades 7-12 4,491 5,934 60 2,094 1,644 1,040 21,375 — 36,638 Total commercial and agricultural 163,808 113,166 71,425 37,968 18,836 14,900 391,928 — 812,031 Solar Grades 1-6 109,393 113,276 35,660 72,652 18,518 20,654 — — 370,153 Grades 7-12 — — 1,091 5,678 701 3,540 — — 11,010 Total solar 109,393 113,276 36,751 78,330 19,219 24,194 — — 381,163 Auto and light truck Grades 1-6 521,399 155,508 62,063 32,975 10,946 3,476 — — 786,367 Grades 7-12 5,972 3,366 5,836 2,836 1,792 1,948 — — 21,750 Total auto and light truck 527,371 158,874 67,899 35,811 12,738 5,424 — — 808,117 Medium and heavy duty truck Grades 1-6 158,296 66,533 43,711 31,980 10,053 3,274 — — 313,847 Grades 7-12 — — — — — 15 — — 15 Total medium and heavy duty truck 158,296 66,533 43,711 31,980 10,053 3,289 — — 313,862 Aircraft Grades 1-6 438,481 273,726 213,661 57,379 31,085 35,012 3,687 — 1,053,031 Grades 7-12 12,962 4,253 6,190 — — 1,286 — — 24,691 Total aircraft 451,443 277,979 219,851 57,379 31,085 36,298 3,687 — 1,077,722 Construction equipment Grades 1-6 475,854 213,349 106,409 59,204 17,834 4,593 23,310 2,754 903,307 Grades 7-12 20,709 7,757 2,483 1,878 313 32 583 1,441 35,196 Total construction equipment 496,563 221,106 108,892 61,082 18,147 4,625 23,893 4,195 938,503 Commercial real estate Grades 1-6 271,526 164,173 121,685 97,470 102,271 168,391 251 — 925,767 Grades 7-12 1,532 1,716 7,824 5,789 47 1,070 — — 17,978 Total commercial real estate 273,058 165,889 129,509 103,259 102,318 169,461 251 — 943,745 Residential real estate and home equity Performing 115,154 100,690 97,205 34,498 6,864 81,653 142,724 4,115 582,903 Nonperforming — 131 693 — — 725 180 105 1,834 Total residential real estate and home equity 115,154 100,821 97,898 34,498 6,864 82,378 142,904 4,220 584,737 Consumer Performing 74,258 34,619 12,924 7,375 2,977 692 18,098 — 150,943 Nonperforming 148 65 49 53 12 12 — — 339 Total consumer $ 74,406 $ 34,684 $ 12,973 $ 7,428 $ 2,989 $ 704 $ 18,098 $ — $ 151,282 The following table shows the amortized cost of loans and leases, segregated by portfolio segment, with delinquency aging and nonaccrual status. (Dollars in thousands) Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing Total Nonaccrual Total September 30, 2023 Commercial and agricultural $ 756,225 $ 572 $ — $ — $ 756,797 $ 6,254 $ 763,051 Solar 364,949 — — — 364,949 — 364,949 Auto and light truck 895,298 1,115 12 — 896,425 5,059 901,484 Medium and heavy duty truck 323,202 — — — 323,202 — 323,202 Aircraft 1,079,135 — 446 — 1,079,581 — 1,079,581 Construction equipment 1,059,212 2,270 — — 1,061,482 615 1,062,097 Commercial real estate 1,085,383 — — — 1,085,383 2,816 1,088,199 Residential real estate and home equity 624,675 811 393 111 625,990 1,525 627,515 Consumer 142,550 562 67 43 143,222 348 143,570 Total $ 6,330,629 $ 5,330 $ 918 $ 154 $ 6,337,031 $ 16,617 $ 6,353,648 December 31, 2022 Commercial and agricultural $ 810,223 $ 944 $ — $ — $ 811,167 $ 864 $ 812,031 Solar 381,163 — — — 381,163 — 381,163 Auto and light truck 793,610 353 1 — 793,964 14,153 808,117 Medium and heavy duty truck 313,845 — 2 — 313,847 15 313,862 Aircraft 1,075,865 223 1,063 — 1,077,151 571 1,077,722 Construction equipment 932,603 431 — — 933,034 5,469 938,503 Commercial real estate 940,516 — — — 940,516 3,229 943,745 Residential real estate and home equity 582,053 562 288 49 582,952 1,785 584,737 Consumer 150,328 416 199 5 150,948 334 151,282 Total $ 5,980,206 $ 2,929 $ 1,553 $ 54 $ 5,984,742 $ 26,420 $ 6,011,162 Accrued interest receivable on loans and leases at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $22.81 million and $18.75 million, respectively. Loan Modification Disclosures Pursuant to ASU 2022-02 The following table shows the amortized cost of loans and leases at September 30, 2023 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three months ended September 30, 2023, segregated by portfolio segment and type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost of loans and leases that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost of each segment of financial receivable is also presented below. (Dollars in thousands) Payment Term Interest Combination % of Total Commercial and agricultural $ 196 $ — $ — $ 500 0.09 % Total $ 196 $ — $ — $ 500 0.01 % The following table shows the amortized cost of loans and leases at September 30, 2023 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, segregated by portfolio segment and type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost of loans and leases that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost of each segment of financial receivable is also presented below. (Dollars in thousands) Payment Term Interest Combination % of Total Commercial and agricultural $ 3,360 $ 125 $ — $ 1,312 0.63 % Construction equipment — 1,809 — — 0.17 Commercial real estate 296 — 451 — 0.07 Total $ 3,656 $ 1,934 $ 451 $ 1,312 0.12 % There were $0.19 million commitments to lend additional amounts to the borrowers included in the previous tables at September 30, 2023. The Company closely monitors the performance of loans and leases that have been modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table shows the performance of such loans and leases that have been modified during the three months ended September 30, 2023. (Dollars in thousands) Current 30-59 60-89 90 Days or Total Commercial and agricultural $ 696 $ — $ — $ — $ — Total $ 696 $ — $ — $ — $ — The following table shows the performance of such loans and leases that have been modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. (Dollars in thousands) Current 30-59 60-89 90 Days or Total Commercial and agricultural $ 1,633 $ — $ — $ 3,164 $ 3,164 Construction equipment 1,809 — — — — Commercial real estate 747 — — — — Total $ 4,189 $ — $ — $ 3,164 $ 3,164 The following table shows the financial effect of loan and lease modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Weighted- Combination Weighted-Average Payment Delay and Term Extension (in months) Commercial and agricultural 6 13 Total 6 13 The following table shows the financial effect of loan and lease modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Weighted- Weighted- Weighted- Combination Weighted-Average Payment Delay and Term Extension (in months) Commercial and agricultural — % 3 6 44 Construction equipment — % 5 0 0 Commercial real estate 3.00 % 0 3 0 Total 3.00 % 4 6 44 There was one modified loan that had a payment default during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and was modified in the twelve months prior to that default to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan or lease has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan or lease is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for loan and lease losses is adjusted by the same amount. Troubled Debt Restructuring (TDR) Disclosures Prior to the Adoption of ASU 2022-02 There were no loan and lease modifications classified as a TDR during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The classification between nonperforming and performing is determined at the time of modification. Modification programs focus on extending maturity dates or modifying payment patterns with most TDRs experiencing a combination of concessions. Modifications do not result in the contractual forgiveness of principal or interest. There were no modifications during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 that resulted in an interest rate below market rate. There were no TDR which had a payment default within the twelve months following modification during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and one TDR which had a payment default within the twelve months following modification during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Default occurs when a loan or lease is 90 days or more past due under the modified terms or transferred to nonaccrual. The following table shows the recorded investment of loans and leases classified as troubled debt restructurings as of December 31, 2022. (Dollars in thousands) December 31, Performing TDRs $ — Nonperforming TDRs 3,640 Total TDRs $ 3,640 |