SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of presentation The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 , which has been derived from audited financial statements, and unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) have been omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although we believe that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. It is suggested that these financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Trust’s latest Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation for the periods presented have been included. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. Principles of Consolidation Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Trust, its corporate subsidiaries, and all entities in which the Trust has a controlling interest or has been determined to be the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”). The equity interests of other investors are reflected as noncontrolling interests or redeemable noncontrolling interests. All significant intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. We account for our interests in joint ventures, which we do not control, using the equity method of accounting. Certain 2017 amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, referred to as “GAAP,” requires management to make estimates and assumptions that in certain circumstances affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and revenues and expenses. These estimates are prepared using management’s best judgment, after considering past, current and expected events and economic conditions. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements Standard Description Date of Adoption Effect on the financial statements or significant matters Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and related updates: In May 2014, the the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers." ASU 2014-09 as amended and interpreted by ASU 2015-14, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12, and ASU 2016-20, supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP and replaces it with a core revenue recognition principle, that an entity will recognize revenue when it transfers control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, and creates a five-step model for revenue recognition in accordance with this principle. ASU 2014-09 also requires new disclosures in both interim and annual reporting periods. The guidance in ASU 2014-09 does not apply to contracts within the scope of ASC 840, Leases. January 2018 We implemented the new revenue recognition guidance retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized in accumulated dividends in excess of net income at the date of initial application. The primary impact relates to condominium sales. Most of our revenue is accounted for under the leasing standard, and therefore is not subject to this standard. Standard Description Date of Adoption Effect on the financial statements or significant matters ASU 2016-15, August 2016, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments This ASU provides classification guidance for eight specific topics including debt extinguishment costs, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, and distributions received from equity method investees. January 2018 This standard did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements. ASU 2016-18, November 2016, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 203) - Restricted Cash This ASU requires that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and end of period total amounts on the statement of cash flows. January 2018 Prior to the adoption of this standard, "net cash provided by operating activities" was $121.1 million and "net cash used in investing activities" was $278.3 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2017. After the adoption, "net cash provided by operating activities" was $123.9 million and "net cash used in investing activities" was $279.3 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The reclassification is reflected in "increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash" in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. See additional disclosures in "Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows - Supplemental Disclosures." ASU 2017-05, February 2017, Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Recognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets This ASU clarifies that ASC 610-20 applies to all nonfinancial assets (including real estate) for which the counterparty is not a customer and also clarifies that all businesses are derecognized using the deconsolidation guidance. Additionally, it defines an insubstance nonfinancial asset as a financial asset that is promised to a counterparty in a contract in which substantially all of the fair value of the assets promised in the contract is concentrated in nonfinancial assets, which excludes cash or cash equivalents and liabilities. January 2018 The new guidance impacts the gain recognized when a real estate asset is sold to a non-customer and a noncontrolling interest is retained. The adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. ASU 2017-09, May 2017, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting The ASU clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as modifications. Under the new guidance, an entity will not apply modification accounting if the awards' fair value, vesting conditions, and the classification of the award as equity or a liability are the same immediately before and after the change. The new guidance is applied prospectively to awards granted or modified after the adoption date. January 2018 The adoption of this standard did not have an impact to our financial statements, as there have been no modifications to awards for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Supplemental Disclosures The following tables provide supplemental disclosures related to the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 2017 (In thousands) SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES: Total interest costs incurred $ 32,276 $ 29,209 Interest capitalized (6,092 ) (5,451 ) Interest expense $ 26,184 $ 23,758 Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized $ 31,832 $ 25,089 Cash paid for income taxes $ 57 $ 197 NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING TRANSACTIONS: DownREIT operating partnership units issued with acquisition of noncontrolling interest $ — $ 5,918 DownREIT operating partnership units redeemed for common shares $ — $ 951 Shares issued under dividend reinvestment plan $ 477 $ 541 March 31, December 31, 2018 2017 (In thousands) RECONCILIATION OF CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH: Cash and cash equivalents $ 64,407 $ 15,188 Restricted cash (1) 9,293 10,012 Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ 73,700 $ 25,200 (1) Restricted cash balances are included in "prepaid expenses and other assets" on our consolidated balance sheets. |