STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | Preferred Stock Under the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors is authorized, without further stockholder action, to provide for the issuance of up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, and to fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each such series and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof. Series A Stock On December 11, 2018, the Company closed its underwritten offering of 5,181,346 units for net proceeds of approximately $9 million. Each unit consists of (a) one share of the Company’s Series A convertible preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series A Stock”), (b) a two-year warrant to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $1.93 (the “Series 1 Warrants”), and (c) a five-year warrant to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $1.93 (the “Series 2 Warrants”). In accordance with ASC 480, the estimated fair-value of $1,800,016 for the beneficial conversion feature was recognized as a deemed dividend on the Series A Stock during the year ended December 31, 2018. The table below sets forth a summary of the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the Series A Stock. Conversion Subject to the ownership limitations described below, the Series A Stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion ratio determined by dividing the stated value of the Series A Stock by a conversion price of $1.93 per share. The conversion price is subject to adjustment in the case of stock splits, stock dividends, combinations of shares and similar recapitalization transactions. The Company will not affect any conversion of the Series A Stock, nor shall a holder convert its shares of Series A Stock, to the extent that such conversion would cause the holder to have acquired, through conversion of the Series A Stock or otherwise, beneficial ownership of a number shares of common stock in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder prior to the issuance of any shares of Series A Stock, 9.99%) of the common stock outstanding after giving effect to such exercise. Dividends In the event the Company pays dividends on its shares of common stock, the holders of the Series A Stock will be entitled to receive dividends on shares of Series A Stock equal, on an as-if-converted basis, to and in the same form as paid on the common stock. No other dividends will be paid on the shares of Series A Stock. Liquidation Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company after payment or provision for payment of debts and other liabilities of the Company, the holders of Series A Stock shall be entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders an amount equal to the amount that a holder of common stock would receive if the Series A Stock were fully converted to common stock, which amounts will be paid pari passu with all holders of common stock. Voting rights Shares of Series A Stock will generally have no voting rights, except as required by law and except that the consent of holders of a majority of the then outstanding Series A Stock will be required to amend the terms of the Series A Stock or to take other action that adversely affects the rights of the holders of Series A Stock. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, 2,815,987 and 2,326,753 shares of Series A Stock were converted into 2,815,987 and 2,326,753 shares of common stock, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38,606 shares of Series A Stock outstanding. Common Stock The Company’s Certificate of Incorporation authorizes it to issue 400,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value common stock. As of December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018 there were 6,741,860 and 3,792,249 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, respectively. Warrants Series 1 Warrants As part of the offering of Series A Stock, the Company issued 5,181,346 Series 1 Warrants at an exercise price of $1.93 per share and contractual term of two years. In accordance with ASC 480, these warrants are classified as equity and their relative fair-value of $2,621,809 was recognized as a deemed dividend on the Series A Stock during the year ended December 31, 2018. The estimated fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model which is based on the value of the underlying common stock at the valuation measurement date, the remaining contractual term of the warrants, risk-free interest rates, expected dividends and expected volatility of the price of the underlying common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company received $96,500 and issued 50,000 shares upon the exercise of outstanding Series 1 Warrants. As of December 31, 2019, there were 5,131,346 Series 1 Warrants outstanding . Series 2 Warrants As part of the offering of Series A Stock, the Company issued 5,181,346 Series 2 Warrants at an exercise price of $1.93 per share and contractual term of five years. In accordance with ASC 480, these warrants are classified as equity and their relative fair-value of $2,908,778 was recognized as a deemed dividend on the Series A Stock during the year ended December 31, 2018. The estimated fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model which is based on the value of the underlying common stock at the valuation measurement date, the remaining contractual term of the warrants, risk-free interest rates, expected dividends and expected volatility of the price of the underlying common stock. As of December 31, 2019, all 5,181,349 Series 2 Warrants remain outstanding. Warrants Issued for Services In connection with the offering of Series A Stock described above, the Company entered into an Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. (the “Underwriter”) pursuant to which, on December 7, 2018, the Company issued to the Underwriter a warrant to purchase 207,253 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.4125 per share and contractual term of five years. In accordance with ASC 815, this warrant is classified as equity and its relative fair-value of $183,433 was recognized as additional paid in capital during the year ended December 31, 2018. The estimated fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model which is based on the value of the underlying common stock at the valuation measurement date, the remaining contractual term of the warrant, risk-free interest rates, expected dividends and expected volatility of the price of the underlying common stock. As of December 31, 2019, all 207,253 of these Underwriter warrants remain outstanding. On November 11, 2014, the Company issued common stock warrants in connection with the execution of a service agreement for investor relations and corporate communications. As part of the compensation under the agreement, the Company issued up to 8,750 warrants at an exercise price of $80.00 per share and contractual term of five years. The warrants were initially exercisable for 1,250 shares of common stock, and the number of shares of common stock exercisable under these warrants would be automatically increased by 2,500 upon the first occurrence of market price goals of $120.00, $160.00 and $200.00, respectively, during the 18-month period beginning on the effective date. Effective May 11, 2016, the additional 7,500 warrants were no longer exercisable as none of the market price goals were achieved. In accordance with ASC 815, these warrants are classified as equity and their estimated fair-value of $478,115 was recorded as an operating expense in the consolidated statement of operations and as additional paid in capital during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2015. The estimated fair value was determined using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model which is based on the value of the underlying common stock at the valuation measurement date, the remaining contractual term of the warrants, risk-free interest rates, expected dividends and expected volatility of the price of the underlying common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2019, all of the 1,250 previously outstanding service agreement warrants expired unexercised. Series D Warrant On August 22, 2013, the Company closed its private placement of an aggregate of $4.6 million shares of the Company’s Series D Stock to OXBT Fund. In connection with the purchase of shares of Series D Stock, OXBT Fund received the Series D Warrant to purchase 117,949 shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to $52.00 and contractual term of six years. In accordance with ASC 815, these warrants are classified as equity and their relative fair-value of $1,531,167 was recognized as a deemed dividend on the Series D Stock during the prior fiscal year ended April 30, 2014. The estimated fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model which is based on the value of the underlying common stock at the valuation measurement date, the remaining contractual term of the warrants, risk-free interest rates, expected dividends and expected volatility of the price of the underlying common stock. The Series D Warrant was exercisable beginning on the date of issuance and expired on August 22, 2019. The exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of Series D Warrant was subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of recapitalization events, stock dividends, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications, reorganizations or similar events affecting the Company’s common stock, and also upon any distributions of assets, including cash, stock or other property to the Company’s stockholders. In addition, if stockholder approval for the transaction was obtained, the Series D Warrant would be subject to anti-dilution provisions until such time that for 25 trading days during any 30 consecutive trading day period, the volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock exceeded $130.00 and the daily dollar trading volume exceeds $350,000 per trading day. The Series D Warrant was issued and sold without registration under the Securities Act in reliance on the exemptions provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder and in reliance on similar exemptions under applicable state laws. Accordingly, OXBT Fund could exercise the Series D Warrant and sell the Series D Stock and underlying shares only pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the resale of those securities, an exemption under Rule 144 under the Securities Act or another applicable exemption under the Securities Act. During the year ended December 31, 2019, all of the 107,488 previously outstanding Series D Warrants expired unexercised. Series C Warrants On July 23, 2013, as part of the offering of Series C Stock, the Company issued 137,668 Series C Warrants at an exercise price of $52.00 per share and contractual term of six years. In accordance with ASC 815, these warrants are classified as equity and their relative fair-value of $1,867,991 was recognized as a deemed dividend on the Series C Stock during the prior fiscal year ended April 30, 2014. The estimated fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model which is based on the value of the underlying common stock at the valuation measurement date, the remaining contractual term of the warrants, risk-free interest rates, expected dividends and expected volatility of the price of the underlying common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2019, all of the 12,035 previously outstanding Series C Warrants expired unexercised The following table summarizes the Company’s warrant activity for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: Warrants Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding at December 31, 2017 120,773 $ 52.29 Issued 10,569,945 1.94 Outstanding at December 31, 2018 10,690,718 $ 2.45 Exercised (50,000 ) 1.93 Expired (120,773 ) 47.30 Outstanding at December 31, 2019 10,519,945 $ 1.94 Stock Options The following table summarizes all options outstanding as of December 31, 2019: Options Outstanding at December 31, 2019 Options Exercisable and Vested at December 31, 2019 Exercise Price Number of Options Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price $1.72 to $11.20 68,500 8.2 23,500 $ 7.78 $41.40 to $96.40 40,251 5.4 35,377 $ 58.25 $113.00 to $860.00 135,413 0.3 68,423 $ 114.68 $1,012.00 to $2,580.00 42 0.5 42 $ 1,580.00 244,206 3.4 127,342 $ 79.76 The following table summarizes options outstanding that have vested and are expected to vest based on options outstanding as of December 31, 2019: Number of Option Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1) Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Vested 127,342 $ 79.76 $ - 3.4 Vested and expected to vest 231,355 $ 74.91 $ - 3.5 (1) Amount represents the difference between the exercise price and $1.41, the closing price of Tenax Therapeutics’ stock on December 31, 2019, as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market, for all in-the-money options outstanding. 2016 Stock Incentive Plan In June 2016, the Company adopted the 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”). Under the 2016 Plan, with the approval of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, cash-based awards or other stock-based awards. On June 16, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2016 Plan and authorized for issuance under the 2016 Plan a total of 150,000 shares of common stock. On June 13, 2019, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 2016 Plan which increased the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2016 Plan to a total of 750,000 shares, up from 150,000 previously authorized. The following table summarizes the shares available for grant under the Plan for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018: Shares Available for Grant Balances, at December 31, 2017 150,000 Options granted (50,000 ) Balances, at December 31, 2018 100,000 Additional shares reserved 600,000 Options granted (2,500 ) Balances, at December 31, 2019 697,500 2016 Plan Stock Options Stock options granted under the 2016 Plan may be either incentive stock options (“ISOs”), or nonqualified stock options (“NSOs”). ISOs may be granted only to employees. NSOs may be granted to employees, consultants and directors. Stock options under the 2016 Plan may be granted with a term of up to ten years and at prices no less than fair market value at the time of grant. Stock options granted generally vest over three to four years. The following table summarizes the outstanding stock options under the 2016 Plan for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018: Outstanding Options Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Aggregate Intrinsic Value Balances at December 31, 2017 - $ - Options granted 50,000 $ 6.10 Balances at December 31, 2018 50,000 $ 6.10 Options granted 2,500 $ 1.72 Balances at December 31, 2019 52,500 $ 5.89 $ -(1) (1) Amount represents the difference between the exercise price and $1.41, the closing price of Tenax Therapeutics’ stock on December 31, 2019, as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market, for all in-the-money options outstanding. The Company chose the “straight-line” attribution method for allocating compensation costs of each stock option over the requisite service period using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model to calculate the grant date fair value. The Company used the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of options granted under the 2016 Plan for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018: For the year ended December 31, 2019 2018 Risk-free interest rate (weighted average) 2.39 % 2.85 % Expected volatility (weighted average) 106.74 % 102.37 % Expected term (in years) 7 7 Expected dividend yield 0.00 % 0.00 % Risk-Free Interest Rate The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on U.S. Treasury instruments with a term that is consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options. Expected Volatility The expected stock price volatility for the Company’s common stock was determined by examining the historical volatility and trading history for its common stock over a term consistent with the expected term of its options. Expected Term The expected term of stock options represents the weighted average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. It was calculated based on the Company’s historical experience with its stock option grants. Expected Dividend Yield The expected dividend yield of 0% is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company has not paid and does not anticipate paying any dividends in the near future. Forfeitures As stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. ASC 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on the Company’s historical experience. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $1.47 and $5.20, respectively. The Company recorded compensation expense for these stock options grants of $92,919 and $89,194 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, there were unrecognized compensation costs of approximately $72,000 related to non-vested stock option awards under the 2016 Plan that will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the weighted average remaining vesting period of 1.35 years. 1999 Amended Stock Plan In October 2000, the Company adopted the 1999 Stock Plan, as amended and restated on June 17, 2008 (the “1999 Plan”). Under the 1999 Plan, with the approval of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, the Company could grant stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights and new shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options. On March 13, 2014, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 1999 Plan which increased the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 1999 Plan to a total of 200,000 shares, up from 15,000 previously authorized. On September 15, 2015, the Company’s stockholders approved an additional amendment to the 1999 Plan which increased the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 1999 Plan to a total of 250,000 shares, up from 200,000 previously authorized. The 1999 Plan expired on June 17, 2018 and no new grants may be made under that plan after that date. However, unexpired awards granted under the 1999 Plan remain outstanding and subject to the terms of the 1999 Plan. 1999 Plan Stock Options Stock options granted under the 1999 Plan may be ISOs or NSOs. ISOs could be granted only to employees. NSOs could be granted to employees, consultants and directors. Stock options under the 1999 Plan could be granted with a term of up to ten years and at prices no less than fair market value for ISOs and no less than 85% of the fair market value for NSOs. Stock options granted generally vest over one to three years. The following table summarizes the outstanding stock options under the 1999 Plan for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018: Outstanding Options Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Aggregate Intrinsic Value Balances at December 31, 2017 188,744 $ 95.24 Options granted 3,000 $ 6.23 Options cancelled (9 ) $ 2,760.00 Balances at December 31, 2018 191,735 $ 93.72 Options cancelled (29 ) $ 2,203.00 Balances at December 31, 2019 191,706 $ 93.40 $ -(1) (1) Amount represents the difference between the exercise price and $1.41, the closing price of Tenax Therapeutics’ stock on December 31, 2019, as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market, for all in-the-money options outstanding. The Company chose the “straight-line” attribution method for allocating compensation costs of each stock option over the requisite service period using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model to calculate the grant date fair value. The Company used the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of options granted under the 1999 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2018: For the year ended December 31, 2018 Risk-free interest rate (weighted average) 2.91 % Expected volatility (weighted average) 102.63 % Expected term (in years) 7 Expected dividend yield 0.00 % Risk-Free Interest Rate The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on U.S. Treasury instruments with a term that is consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options. Expected Volatility The expected stock price volatility for the Company’s common stock was determined by examining the historical volatility and trading history for its common stock over a term consistent with the expected term of its options. Expected Term The expected term of stock options represents the weighted average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. It was calculated based on the historical experience that the Company has had with its stock option grants. Expected Dividend Yield The expected dividend yield of 0% is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company has not paid and do not anticipate paying any dividends in the near future. Forfeitures As stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. ASC 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on the Company’s historical experience. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2018 was $5.19. The Company recorded compensation expense for these stock options grants of $78,297 and $227,066 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, there were unrecognized compensation costs of approximately $40,000 related to non-vested stock option awards that will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the weighted average remaining vesting period of 0.9 years. Additionally, there were unrecognized compensation costs of approximately $5.9 million related to non-vested stock option awards subject to performance-based vesting milestones with a weighted average remaining life of four months. As of December 31, 2019, none of these milestones have been achieved. Restricted Stock Grants The following table summarizes the outstanding restricted stock under the 1999 Plan for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018: Outstanding Restricted Stock Grants Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Balances, at December 31, 2017 - $ - Restricted stock granted 85,900 $ 5.82 Restricted stock vested (37,420 ) $ 5.69 Restricted stock cancelled (28,566 ) $ 5.66 Balances, at December 31, 2018 19,914 $ 6.29 Restricted stock vested (12,195 ) $ 6.28 Restricted stock cancelled (7,719 ) $ 6.27 Balances at December 31, 2019 - $ - The Company recorded no compensation expense for these restricted stock grants for the year ended December 31, 2019, and $250,009 for the year ended December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2019, there were no unrecognized compensation costs related to the non-vested restricted stock grants. |