Loans | Note 4 – Loans Major classifications of loans, net of unearned income, deferred loan origination costs, and net premiums on acquired loans, are summarized as follows: (in thousands) September 30 2019 December 31 2018 Commercial construction $ 93,534 $ 82,715 Commercial secured by real estate 1,174,764 1,183,093 Equipment lease financing 651 1,740 Commercial other 388,532 377,198 Real estate construction 62,859 57,160 Real estate mortgage 722,632 722,417 Home equity 110,663 106,299 Consumer direct 149,500 144,289 Consumer indirect 511,650 533,727 Total loans $ 3,214,785 $ 3,208,638 CTBI has segregated and evaluates its loan portfolio through nine portfolio segments. CTBI serves customers in small and mid-sized communities in eastern, northeastern, central, and south central Kentucky, southern West Virginia, and northeastern Tennessee. Therefore, CTBI’s exposure to credit risk is significantly affected by changes in these communities. Commercial construction loans are for the purpose of erecting or rehabilitating buildings or other structures for commercial purposes, including any infrastructure necessary for development. Included in this category are improved property, land development, and tract development loans. The terms of these loans are generally short-term with permanent financing upon completion. Commercial real estate loans include loans secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties, 1-4 family/multi-family properties, farmland, and other commercial real estate. These loans are originated based on the borrower’s ability to service the debt and secondarily based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. Equipment lease financing loans are fixed or variable leases for commercial purposes. Commercial other loans consist of commercial check loans, agricultural loans, receivable financing, floorplans, loans to financial institutions, loans for purchasing or carrying securities, and other commercial purpose loans. Commercial loans are underwritten based on the borrower’s ability to service debt from the business’s underlying cash flows. As a general practice, we obtain collateral such as real estate, equipment, or other assets, although such loans may be uncollateralized but guaranteed. Real estate construction loans are typically for owner-occupied properties. The terms of these loans are generally short-term with permanent financing upon completion. Residential real estate loans are a mixture of fixed rate and adjustable rate first and second lien residential mortgage loans. As a policy, CTBI holds adjustable rate loans and sells the majority of its fixed rate first lien mortgage loans into the secondary market. Changes in interest rates or market conditions may impact a borrower’s ability to meet contractual principal and interest payments. Residential real estate loans are secured by real property. Home equity lines are revolving adjustable rate credit lines secured by real property. Consumer direct loans are a mixture of fixed rate and adjustable rate products comprised of unsecured loans, consumer revolving credit lines, deposit secured loans, and all other consumer purpose loans. Consumer indirect loans are fixed rate loans secured by automobiles, trucks, vans, and recreational vehicles originated at the selling dealership underwritten and purchased by CTBI’s indirect lending department. Both new and used products are financed. Only dealers who have executed dealer agreements with CTBI participate in the indirect lending program. Not included in the loan balances above were loans held for sale in the amount of $1.9 million at September 30, 2019 Refer to note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our nonaccrual policy. Nonaccrual loans segregated by class of loans were as follows: (in thousands) September 30 2019 December 31 2018 Commercial: Commercial construction $ 230 $ 639 Commercial secured by real estate 4,855 4,537 Commercial other 585 797 Residential: Real estate construction 291 22 Real estate mortgage 4,464 5,395 Home equity 661 477 Consumer: Consumer direct 4 0 Total nonaccrual loans $ 11,090 $ 11,867 The following tables present CTBI’s loan portfolio aging analysis, segregated by class, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018: September 30, 2019 (in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans 90+ and Accruing* Commercial: Commercial construction $ 118 $ 195 $ 35 $ 348 $ 93,186 $ 93,534 $ 0 Commercial secured by real estate 3,639 2,571 15,706 21,916 1,152,848 1,174,764 11,481 Equipment lease financing 0 0 0 0 651 651 0 Commercial other 1,126 3,235 3,041 7,402 381,130 388,532 2,674 Residential: Real estate construction 502 115 283 900 61,959 62,859 4 Real estate mortgage 1,124 5,501 8,376 15,001 707,631 722,632 5,434 Home equity 1,053 232 703 1,988 108,675 110,663 264 Consumer: Consumer direct 732 321 67 1,120 148,380 149,500 67 Consumer indirect 3,085 654 406 4,145 507,505 511,650 406 Total $ 11,379 $ 12,824 $ 28,617 $ 52,820 $ 3,161,965 $ 3,214,785 $ 20,330 December 31, 2018 (in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans 90+ and Accruing* Commercial: Commercial construction $ 87 $ 58 $ 698 $ 843 $ 81,872 $ 82,715 $ 58 Commercial secured by real estate 6,287 1,204 8,776 16,267 1,166,826 1,183,093 4,632 Equipment lease financing 0 0 0 0 1,740 1,740 0 Commercial other 1,057 94 1,067 2,218 374,980 377,198 581 Residential: Real estate construction 144 438 28 610 56,550 57,160 6 Real estate mortgage 1,272 5,645 7,607 14,524 707,893 722,417 4,095 Home equity 898 365 441 1,704 104,595 106,299 246 Consumer: Consumer direct 918 191 74 1,183 143,106 144,289 74 Consumer indirect 4,715 975 507 6,197 527,530 533,727 506 Total $ 15,378 $ 8,970 $ 19,198 $ 43,546 $ 3,165,092 $ 3,208,638 $ 10,198 *90+ and Accruing are also included in 90+ Days Past Due column. The risk characteristics of CTBI’s material portfolio segments are as follows: Commercial construction loans generally are made to customers for the purpose of building income-producing properties. Personal guarantees of the principals are generally required. Such loans are made on a projected cash flow basis and are secured by the project being constructed. Construction loan draw procedures are included in each specific loan agreement, including required documentation items and inspection requirements. Construction loans may convert to term loans at the end of the construction period, or may be repaid by the take-out commitment from another financing source. If the loan is to convert to a term loan, the repayment ability is based on the borrower’s projected cash flow. Risk is mitigated during the construction phase by requiring proper documentation and inspections whenever a draw is requested. Loans in amounts greater than $500,000 generally require a performance bond to be posted by the general contractor to assure completion of the project. Commercial real estate loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk grade criteria. Equipment lease financing is underwritten by our commercial lenders using the same underwriting standards as would be applied to a secured commercial loan requesting 100% financing. The pricing for equipment lease financing is comparable to that of borrowers with similar quality commercial credits with similar collateral. Maximum terms of equipment leasing are determined by the type and expected life of the equipment to be leased. Residual values are determined by appraisals or opinion letters from industry experts. Leases must be in conformity with our consolidated annual tax plan. As we underwrite our equipment lease financing in a manner similar to our commercial loan portfolio described below, the risk characteristics for this portfolio mirror that of the commercial loan portfolio. Commercial loans are primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee; however, some short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers. With respect to residential loans that are secured by 1-4 family residences and are generally owner occupied, CTBI generally establishes a maximum loan-to-value ratio and requires private mortgage insurance if that ratio is exceeded. Home equity loans are typically secured by a subordinate interest in 1-4 family residences. Residential construction loans are handled through the home mortgage area of the bank. The repayment ability of the borrower and the maximum loan-to-value ratio are calculated using the normal mortgage lending criteria. Draws are processed based on percentage of completion stages including normal inspection procedures. Such loans generally convert to term loans after the completion of construction. Consumer loans are secured by consumer assets such as automobiles or recreational vehicles. Some consumer loans are unsecured such as small installment loans and certain lines of credit. Our determination of a borrower’s ability to repay these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas such as unemployment levels. Repayment can also be impacted by changes in property values on residential properties. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers. The indirect lending area of the bank generally deals with purchasing/funding consumer contracts with new and used automobile dealers. The dealers generate consumer loan applications which are forwarded to the indirect loan processing area for approval or denial. Loan approvals or denials are based on the creditworthiness and repayment ability of the borrower, and on the collateral value. The dealers may have limited recourse agreements with CTB. Credit Quality Indicators: CTBI categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. CTBI also considers the fair value of the underlying collateral and the strength and willingness of the guarantor(s). CTBI analyzes commercial loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. Loans classified as loss, doubtful, substandard, or special mention are reviewed quarterly by CTBI for further deterioration or improvement to determine if appropriately classified and valued if deemed impaired. All other commercial loan reviews are completed every 12 to 18 months. In addition, during the renewal process of any loan, as well as if a loan becomes past due or if other information becomes available, CTBI will evaluate the loan grade. CTBI uses the following definitions for risk ratings: ➢ Pass ➢ Watch ➢ Other assets especially mentioned (OAEM) ➢ Substandard ➢ Doubtful The following tables present the credit risk profile of CTBI’s commercial loan portfolio based on rating category and payment activity, segregated by class of loans, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018: (in thousands) Commercial Construction Commercial Secured by Real Estate Equipment Leases Commercial Other Total September 30, 2019 Pass $ 88,034 $ 1,037,428 $ 651 $ 356,980 $ 1,483,093 Watch 2,527 55,119 0 13,737 71,383 OAEM 168 29,516 0 5,637 35,321 Substandard 2,805 52,616 0 12,030 67,451 Doubtful 0 85 0 148 233 Total $ 93,534 $ 1,174,764 $ 651 $ 388,532 $ 1,657,481 December 31, 2018 Pass $ 74,222 $ 1,038,309 $ 1,740 $ 327,431 $ 1,441,702 Watch 3,070 71,834 0 28,986 103,890 OAEM 1,594 19,734 0 5,735 27,063 Substandard 3,829 53,125 0 14,970 71,924 Doubtful 0 91 0 76 167 Total $ 82,715 $ 1,183,093 $ 1,740 $ 377,198 $ 1,644,746 The following tables present the credit risk profile of CTBI’s residential real estate and consumer loan portfolios based on performing or nonperforming status, segregated by class, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018: (in thousands) Real Estate Construction Real Estate Mortgage Home Equity Consumer Direct Consumer Indirect Total September 30, 2019 Performing $ 62,564 $ 712,734 $ 109,738 $ 149,429 $ 511,244 $ 1,545,709 Nonperforming (1) 295 9,898 925 71 406 11,595 Total $ 62,859 $ 722,632 $ 110,663 $ 149,500 $ 511,650 $ 1,557,304 December 31, 2018 Performing $ 57,132 $ 712,927 $ 105,576 $ 144,215 $ 533,221 $ 1,553,071 Nonperforming (1) 28 9,490 723 74 506 10,821 Total $ 57,160 $ 722,417 $ 106,299 $ 144,289 $ 533,727 $ 1,563,892 (1) A loan is considered nonperforming if it is 90 days or more past due and/or on nonaccrual. The total of consumer mortgage loans secured by real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $3.0 million at September 30, 2019 A loan is considered impaired, in accordance with the impairment accounting guidance (ASC 310-10-35-16), when based on current information and events, it is probable CTBI will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming commercial loans but also include loans modified in troubled debt restructurings where concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions could include a reduction in the interest rate on the loan, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions intended to maximize collection. The following table presents impaired loans, the average investment in impaired loans, and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the periods ended September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018, and September 30, 2018: September 30, 2019 (in thousands) Recorded Balance Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Specific Allowance Loans without a specific valuation allowance: Commercial construction $ 2,800 $ 2,800 $ 0 Commercial secured by real estate 38,620 40,134 0 Commercial other 10,690 12,384 0 Real estate mortgage 2,318 2,318 0 Loans with a specific valuation allowance: Commercial construction 174 174 99 Commercial secured by real estate 1,366 2,863 398 Commercial other 347 347 175 Totals: Commercial construction 2,974 2,974 99 Commercial secured by real estate 39,986 42,997 398 Commercial other 11,037 12,731 175 Real estate mortgage 2,318 2,318 0 Total $ 56,315 $ 61,020 $ 672 Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 (in thousands) Average Investment in Impaired Loans *Interest Income Recognized Average Investment in Impaired Loans *Interest Income Recognized Loans without a specific valuation allowance: Commercial construction $ 2,959 $ 37 $ 3,344 $ 132 Commercial secured by real estate 39,217 442 35,762 1,192 Commercial other 10,863 92 10,425 380 Real estate mortgage 2,323 23 2,408 64 Loans with a specific valuation allowance: Commercial construction 174 3 229 9 Commercial secured by real estate 1,397 0 1,892 15 Commercial other 358 6 680 29 Totals: Commercial construction 3,133 40 3,573 141 Commercial secured by real estate 40,614 442 37,654 1,207 Commercial other 11,221 98 11,105 409 Real estate mortgage 2,323 23 2,408 64 Total $ 57,291 $ 603 $ 54,740 $ 1,821 Year Ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands) Recorded Balance Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Specific Allowance Average Investment in Impaired Loans *Interest Income Recognized Loans without a specific valuation allowance: Commercial construction $ 4,100 $ 4,100 $ 0 $ 3,923 $ 171 Commercial secured by real estate 29,645 31,409 0 30,250 1,412 Commercial other 8,285 9,982 0 8,774 530 Real estate construction 0 0 0 106 0 Real estate mortgage 1,882 1,882 0 1,666 41 Loans with a specific valuation allowance: Commercial construction 127 127 50 42 0 Commercial secured by real estate 1,854 2,983 605 2,051 1 Commercial other 473 473 146 285 16 Totals: Commercial construction 4,227 4,227 50 3,965 171 Commercial secured by real estate 31,499 34,392 605 32,301 1,413 Commercial other 8,758 10,455 146 9,059 546 Real estate construction 0 0 0 106 0 Real estate mortgage 1,882 1,882 0 1,666 41 Total $ 46,366 $ 50,956 $ 801 $ 47,097 $ 2,171 September 30, 2018 (in thousands) Recorded Balance Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Specific Allowance Loans without a specific valuation allowance: Commercial construction $ 2,804 $ 2,804 $ 0 Commercial secured by real estate 31,632 33,538 0 Commercial other 8,268 10,034 0 Real estate mortgage 1,878 1,880 0 Loans with a specific valuation allowance: Commercial secured by real estate 1,980 3,116 641 Commercial other 321 321 95 Totals: Commercial construction 2,804 2,804 0 Commercial secured by real estate 33,612 36,654 641 Commercial other 8,589 10,355 95 Real estate mortgage 1,878 1,880 0 Total $ 46,883 $ 51,693 $ 736 Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 (in thousands) Average Investment in Impaired Loans *Interest Income Recognized Average Investment in Impaired Loans *Interest Income Recognized Loans without a specific valuation allowance: Commercial construction $ 2,865 $ 26 $ 3,795 $ 132 Commercial secured by real estate 30,216 349 30,588 1,073 Commercial other 8,518 125 8,857 405 Real estate construction 0 0 106 0 Real estate mortgage 1,882 13 1,596 24 Loans with a specific valuation allowance: Commercial secured by real estate 2,005 0 2,112 1 Commercial other 339 8 220 12 Totals: Commercial construction 2,865 26 3,795 132 Commercial secured by real estate 32,221 349 32,700 1,074 Commercial other 8,857 133 9,077 417 Real estate construction 0 0 106 0 Real estate mortgage 1,882 13 1,596 24 Total $ 45,825 $ 521 $ 47,274 $ 1,647 *Cash basis interest is substantially the same as interest income recognized. Included in certain loan categories of impaired loans are certain loans and leases that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring, where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from our loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions. Modifications of terms for our loans and their inclusion as troubled debt restructurings are based on individual facts and circumstances. Loan modifications that are included as troubled debt restructurings may involve either an increase or reduction of the interest rate, extension of the term of the loan, or deferral of principal and/or interest payments, regardless of the period of the modification. All of the loans identified as troubled debt restructuring were modified due to financial stress of the borrower. In order to determine if a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed to determine the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under CTBI’s internal underwriting policy. When we modify loans and leases in a troubled debt restructuring, we evaluate any possible impairment similar to other impaired loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan or lease agreement, or use the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs for collateral dependent loans. If we determined that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance. In periods subsequent to modification, we evaluate all troubled debt restructuring, including those that have payment defaults, for possible impairment and recognize impairment through the allowance. During 2019, certain loans were modified in troubled debt restructurings, where economic concessions were granted to borrowers consisting of reductions in the interest rates, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, and forbearances. Presented below, segregated by class of loans, are troubled debt restructurings that occurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2018: Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 (in thousands) Number of Loans Term Modification Rate Modification Combination Post- Modification Outstanding Balance Commercial: Commercial secured by real estate 3 $ 270 $ 0 $ 0 $ 270 Commercial other 2 32 0 0 32 Total troubled debt restructurings 5 $ 302 $ 0 $ 0 $ 302 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 (in thousands) Number of Loans Term Modification Rate Modification Combination Post- Modification Outstanding Balance Commercial: Commercial secured by real estate 13 $ 4,784 $ 0 $ 679 $ 5,463 Commercial other 13 1,292 0 140 1,432 Residential: Real estate mortgage 2 463 0 243 706 Total troubled debt restructurings 28 $ 6,539 $ 0 $ 1,062 $ 7,601 Year Ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands) Number of Loans Term Modification Rate Modification Combination Post- Modification Outstanding Balance Commercial: Commercial construction 5 $ 2,182 $ 0 $ 15 $ 2,197 Commercial secured by real estate 24 4,004 0 1,383 5,387 Commercial other 8 465 0 0 465 Residential: Real estate mortgage 3 264 0 704 968 Total troubled debt restructurings 40 $ 6,915 $ 0 $ 2,102 $ 9,017 Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 (in thousands) Number of Loans Term Modification Rate Modification Combination Post- Modification Outstanding Balance Commercial: Commercial secured by real estate 6 $ 2,028 $ 0 $ 400 $ 2,428 Residential: Real estate mortgage 1 264 0 0 264 Total troubled debt restructurings 7 $ 2,292 $ 0 $ 400 $ 2,692 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 (in thousands) Number of Loans Term Modification Rate Modification Combination Post- Modification Outstanding Balance Commercial: Commercial construction 4 $ 443 $ 0 $ 15 $ 458 Commercial secured by real estate 23 4,587 0 1,383 5,970 Commercial other 8 465 0 0 465 Residential: Real estate mortgage 1 264 0 0 264 Total troubled debt restructurings 36 $ 5,759 $ 0 $ 1,398 $ 7,157 No charge-offs have resulted from modifications for any of the presented periods. We had $ thousand in commitments to extend additional credit on loans that were considered troubled debt restructurings at September 30,2019. Loans retain their accrual status at the time of their modification. As a result, if a loan is on nonaccrual at the time it is modified, it stays as nonaccrual, and if a loan is on accrual at the time of the modification, it generally stays on accrual. Commercial and consumer loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring are closely monitored for delinquency as an early indicator of possible future default. If loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring subsequently default, CTBI evaluates the loan for possible further impairment. The allowance for loan losses may be increased, adjustments may be made in the allocation of the allowance, or partial charge-offs may be taken to further write-down the carrying value of the loan. Presented below, segregated by class of loans, are loans that were modified as troubled debt restructurings within the past twelve months which have subsequently defaulted. CTBI considers a loan in default when it is 90 days or more past due or transferred to nonaccrual. (in thousands) Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Number of Loans Recorded Balance Number of Loans Recorded Balance Commercial: Commercial construction 1 $ 0 2 $ 147 Commercial secured by real estate 1 30 0 0 Commercial other 1 34 1 6 Total defaulted restructured loans 2 $ 64 3 $ 153 (in thousands) Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Number of Loans Recorded Balance Number of Loans Recorded Balance Commercial: Commercial construction 0 $ 0 2 $ 147 Commercial secured by real estate 1 30 1 17 Commercial other 1 34 2 31 Total defaulted restructured loans 2 $ 64 5 $ 195 |