Loans | 4. Loans Major classifications of loans, net of unearned income, deferred loan origination costs, and net premiums on acquired loans, are summarized as follows: (in thousands) December 31 2019 December 31 2018 Commercial construction $ 104,809 $ 82,715 Commercial secured by real estate 1,169,975 1,183,093 Equipment lease financing 481 1,740 Commercial other 389,683 377,198 Real estate construction 63,350 57,160 Real estate mortgage 733,003 722,417 Home equity 111,894 106,299 Consumer direct 148,051 144,289 Consumer indirect 527,418 533,727 Total loans $ 3,248,664 $ 3,208,638 CTBI has segregated and evaluates its loan portfolio through nine portfolio segments. CTBI serves customers in small and mid-sized communities in eastern, northeastern, central, and south central Kentucky, southern West Virginia, and northeastern Tennessee. Therefore, CTBI’s exposure to credit risk is significantly affected by changes in these communities. Commercial construction loans are for the purpose of erecting or rehabilitating buildings or other structures for commercial purposes, including any infrastructure necessary for development. Included in this category are improved property, land development, and tract development loans. The terms of these loans are generally short-term with permanent financing upon completion. Commercial real estate loans include loans secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties, 1-4 family/multi-family properties, farmland, and other commercial real estate. These loans are originated based on the borrower’s ability to service the debt and secondarily based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. Equipment lease financing loans are fixed or variable leases for commercial purposes. Commercial other loans consist of commercial check loans, agricultural loans, receivable financing, floorplans, loans to financial institutions, loans for purchasing or carrying securities, and other commercial purpose loans. Commercial loans are underwritten based on the borrower’s ability to service debt from the business’s underlying cash flows. As a general practice, we obtain collateral such as real estate, equipment, or other assets, although such loans may be uncollateralized but guaranteed. Real estate construction loans are typically for owner-occupied properties. The terms of these loans are generally short-term with permanent financing upon completion. Residential real estate loans are a mixture of fixed rate and adjustable rate first and second lien residential mortgage loans. As a policy, CTBI holds adjustable rate loans and sells the majority of its fixed rate first lien mortgage loans into the secondary market. Changes in interest rates or market conditions may impact a borrower’s ability to meet contractual principal and interest payments. Residential real estate loans are secured by real property. Home equity lines are revolving adjustable rate credit lines secured by real property. Consumer direct loans are a mixture of fixed rate and adjustable rate products comprised of unsecured loans, consumer revolving credit lines, deposit secured loans, and all other consumer purpose loans. Consumer indirect loans are fixed rate loans secured by automobiles, trucks, vans, and recreational vehicles originated at the selling dealership underwritten and purchased by CTBI’s indirect lending department. Both new and used products are financed. Only dealers who have executed dealer agreements with CTBI participate in the indirect lending program. Not included in the loan balances above were loans held for sale in the amount of $1.2 million at December 31, 2019 and $2.5 million at December 31, 2018. Refer to note 1 above for further information regarding our nonaccrual policy. Nonaccrual loans segregated by class of loans were as follows: (in thousands) December 31 2019 December 31 2018 Commercial: Commercial construction $ 230 $ 639 Commercial secured by real estate 3,759 4,537 Commercial other 3,839 797 Residential: Real estate construction 634 22 Real estate mortgage 4,821 5,395 Home equity 716 477 Total nonaccrual loans $ 13,999 $ 11,867 The following tables present CTBI’s loan portfolio aging analysis, segregated by class, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 : December 31, 2019 (in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans 90+ and Accruing* Commercial: Commercial construction $ 118 $ 0 $ 467 $ 585 $ 104,224 $ 104,809 $ 237 Commercial secured by real estate 2,734 5,969 12,366 21,069 1,148,906 1,169,975 8,820 Equipment lease financing 0 0 0 0 481 481 0 Commercial other 880 284 6,267 7,431 382,252 389,683 2,586 Residential: Real estate construction 117 52 634 803 62,547 63,350 0 Real estate mortgage 774 5,376 10,320 16,470 716,533 733,003 7,088 Home equity 1,084 412 736 2,232 109,662 111,894 344 Consumer: Consumer direct 945 230 97 1,272 146,779 148,051 97 Consumer indirect 4,037 909 447 5,393 522,025 527,418 448 Total $ 10,689 $ 13,232 $ 31,334 $ 55,255 $ 3,193,409 $ 3,248,664 $ 19,620 December 31, 2018 (in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans 90+ and Accruing* Commercial: Commercial construction $ 87 $ 58 $ 698 $ 843 $ 81,872 $ 82,715 $ 58 Commercial secured by real estate 6,287 1,204 8,776 16,267 1,166,826 1,183,093 4,632 Equipment lease financing 0 0 0 0 1,740 1,740 0 Commercial other 1,057 94 1,067 2,218 374,980 377,198 581 Residential: Real estate construction 144 438 28 610 56,550 57,160 6 Real estate mortgage 1,272 5,645 7,607 14,524 707,893 722,417 4,095 Home equity 898 365 441 1,704 104,595 106,299 246 Consumer: Consumer direct 918 191 74 1,183 143,106 144,289 74 Consumer indirect 4,715 975 507 6,197 527,530 533,727 506 Total $ 15,378 $ 8,970 $ 19,198 $ 43,546 $ 3,165,092 $ 3,208,638 $ 10,198 * 90+ and Accruing are also included in 90+ Days Past Due column. The risk characteristics of CTBI’s material portfolio segments are as follows: Commercial construction loans generally are made to customers for the purpose of building income-producing properties. Personal guarantees of the principals are generally required. Such loans are made on a projected cash flow basis and are secured by the project being constructed. Construction loan draw procedures are included in each specific loan agreement, including required documentation items and inspection requirements. Construction loans may convert to term loans at the end of the construction period, or may be repaid by the take-out commitment from another financing source. If the loan is to convert to a term loan, the repayment ability is based on the borrower’s projected cash flow. Risk is mitigated during the construction phase by requiring proper documentation and inspections whenever a draw is requested. Loans in amounts greater than $500,000 generally require a performance bond to be posted by the general contractor to assure completion of the project. Commercial real estate loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk grade criteria. Commercial loans are primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee; however, some short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers. As we underwrite our equipment lease financing in a manner similar to our commercial loan portfolio, the risk characteristics for equipment lease financing mirror that of the commercial loan portfolio. With respect to residential loans that are secured by 1-4 family residences and are generally owner occupied, CTBI generally establishes a maximum loan-to-value ratio and requires private mortgage insurance if that ratio is exceeded. Home equity loans are typically secured by a subordinate interest in 1-4 family residences. Residential construction loans are handled through the home mortgage area of the bank. The repayment ability of the borrower and the maximum loan-to-value ratio are calculated using the normal mortgage lending criteria. Draws are processed based on percentage of completion stages including normal inspection procedures. Such loans generally convert to term loans after the completion of construction. Consumer loans are secured by consumer assets such as automobiles or recreational vehicles. Some consumer loans are unsecured such as small installment loans and certain lines of credit. Our determination of a borrower’s ability to repay these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas such as unemployment levels. Repayment can also be impacted by changes in property values on residential properties. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers. The indirect lending area of the bank generally deals with purchasing/funding consumer contracts with new and used automobile dealers. The dealers generate consumer loan applications which are forwarded to the indirect loan processing area for approval or denial. Loan approvals or denials are based on the creditworthiness and repayment ability of the borrower, and on the collateral value. The dealers may have limited recourse agreements with CTB. Credit Quality Indicators: CTBI categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. CTBI also considers the fair value of the underlying collateral and the strength and willingness of the guarantor(s). CTBI analyzes commercial loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. Loans classified as loss, doubtful, substandard, or special mention are reviewed quarterly by CTBI for further deterioration or improvement to determine if appropriately classified and valued if deemed impaired. All other commercial loan reviews are completed every 12 to 18 months. In addition, during the renewal process of any loan, as well as if a loan becomes past due or if other information becomes available, CTBI will evaluate the loan grade. CTBI uses the following definitions for risk ratings: ➢ Pass ➢ Watch ➢ Other assets especially mentioned (OAEM) ➢ Substandard ➢ Doubtful The following tables present the credit risk profile of CTBI’s commercial loan portfolio based on rating category and payment activity, segregated by class of loans, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 : (in thousands) Commercial Construction Commercial Secured by Real Estate Equipment Leases Commercial Other Total December 31, 2019 Pass $ 98,102 $ 1,036,573 $ 481 $ 358,203 $ 1,493,359 Watch 3,595 54,338 0 13,618 71,551 OAEM 254 27,964 0 6,065 34,283 Substandard 2,858 51,068 0 11,737 65,663 Doubtful 0 32 0 60 92 Total $ 104,809 $ 1,169,975 $ 481 $ 389,683 $ 1,664,948 December 31, 2018 Pass $ 74,222 $ 1,038,309 $ 1,740 $ 327,431 $ 1,441,702 Watch 3,070 71,834 0 28,986 103,890 OAEM 1,594 19,734 0 5,735 27,063 Substandard 3,829 53,125 0 14,970 71,924 Doubtful 0 91 0 76 167 Total $ 82,715 $ 1,183,093 $ 1,740 $ 377,198 $ 1,644,746 The following tables present the credit risk profile of CTBI’s residential real estate and consumer loan portfolios based on performing or nonperforming status, segregated by class, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 : (in thousands) Real Estate Construction Real Estate Mortgage Home Equity Consumer Direct Consumer Indirect Total December 31, 2019 Performing $ 62,716 $ 721,094 $ 110,834 $ 147,954 $ 526,970 $ 1,569,568 Nonperforming (1) 634 11,909 1,060 97 448 14,148 Total $ 63,350 $ 733,003 $ 111,894 $ 148,051 $ 527,418 $ 1,583,716 December 31, 2018 Performing $ 57,132 $ 712,927 $ 105,576 $ 144,215 $ 533,221 $ 1,553,071 Nonperforming (1) 28 9,490 723 74 506 10,821 Total $ 57,160 $ 722,417 $ 106,299 $ 144,289 $ 533,727 $ 1,563,892 (1) A loan is considered nonperforming if it is 90 days or more past due and/or on nonaccrual. The total of consumer mortgage loans secured by real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $2.4 million at December 31, 2019 compared to $3.3 million at December 31, 2018. A loan is considered impaired, in accordance with the impairment accounting guidance (ASC 310-10-35-16), when based on current information and events, it is probable CTBI will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming commercial loans but also include loans modified in troubled debt restructurings where concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions could include a reduction in the interest rate on the loan, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions intended to maximize collection. The following table presents impaired loans, the average investment in impaired loans, and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2019 , 2018 , and 2017 : December 31, 2019 (in thousands) Recorded Balance Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Specific Allowance Average Investment in Impaired Loans *Interest Income Recognized Loans without a specific valuation allowance: Commercial construction $ 2,836 $ 2,837 $ 0 $ 3,234 $ 170 Commercial secured by real estate 40,346 41,557 0 36,976 1,601 Commercial other 7,829 9,489 0 9,889 460 Real estate mortgage 2,309 2,309 0 2,385 85 Loans with a specific valuation allowance: Commercial construction 174 174 99 215 11 Commercial secured by real estate 1,033 2,176 227 1,678 15 Commercial other 3,244 3,244 886 1,323 29 Totals: Commercial construction 3,010 3,011 99 3,449 181 Commercial secured by real estate 41,379 43,733 227 38,654 1,616 Commercial other 11,073 12,733 886 11,212 489 Real estate mortgage 2,309 2,309 0 2,385 85 Total $ 57,771 $ 61,786 $ 1,212 $ 55,700 $ 2,371 December 31, 2018 (in thousands) Recorded Balance Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Specific Allowance Average Investment in Impaired Loans *Interest Income Recognized Loans without a specific valuation allowance: Commercial construction $ 4,100 $ 4,100 $ 0 $ 3,923 $ 171 Commercial secured by real estate 29,645 31,409 0 30,250 1,412 Commercial other 8,285 9,982 0 8,774 530 Real estate construction 0 0 0 106 0 Real estate mortgage 1,882 1,882 0 1,666 41 Loans with a specific valuation allowance: Commercial construction 127 127 50 42 0 Commercial secured by real estate 1,854 2,983 605 2,051 1 Commercial other 473 473 146 285 16 Totals: Commercial construction 4,227 4,227 50 3,965 171 Commercial secured by real estate 31,499 34,392 605 32,301 1,413 Commercial other 8,758 10,455 146 9,059 546 Real estate construction 0 0 0 106 0 Real estate mortgage 1,882 1,882 0 1,666 41 Total $ 46,366 $ 50,956 $ 801 $ 47,097 $ 2,171 December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Recorded Balance Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Specific Allowance Average Investment in Impaired Loans *Interest Income Recognized Loans without a specific valuation allowance: Commercial construction $ 4,431 $ 4,439 $ 0 $ 4,835 $ 200 Commercial secured by real estate 28,480 30,365 0 27,753 1,344 Equipment lease financing 0 0 0 34 0 Commercial other 9,481 11,252 0 10,444 539 Real estate construction 318 318 0 534 0 Real estate mortgage 1,564 1,570 0 1,591 36 Loans with a specific valuation allowance: Commercial construction 153 173 25 155 0 Commercial secured by real estate 2,985 4,095 966 3,932 8 Commercial other 0 0 0 65 0 Totals: Commercial construction 4,584 4,612 25 4,990 200 Commercial secured by real estate 31,465 34,460 966 31,685 1,352 Equipment lease financing 0 0 0 34 0 Commercial other 9,481 11,252 0 10,509 539 Real estate construction 318 318 0 534 0 Real estate mortgage 1,564 1,570 0 1,591 36 Total $ 47,412 $ 52,212 $ 991 $ 49,343 $ 2,127 *Cash basis interest is substantially the same as interest income recognized. Included in certain loan categories of impaired loans are certain loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring, where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from our loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions. Modifications of terms for our loans and their inclusion as troubled debt restructurings are based on individual facts and circumstances. Loan modifications that are included as troubled debt restructurings may involve either an increase or reduction of the interest rate, extension of the term of the loan, or deferral of principal and/or interest payments, regardless of the period of the modification. All of the loans identified as troubled debt restructuring were modified due to financial stress of the borrower. In order to determine if a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed to determine the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under CTBI’s internal underwriting policy. When we modify loans and leases in a troubled debt restructuring, we evaluate any possible impairment similar to other impaired loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, or use the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs for collateral dependent loans. If we determined that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance. In periods subsequent to modification, we evaluate all troubled debt restructuring, including those that have payment defaults, for possible impairment and recognize impairment through the allowance. Certain loans have been modified in troubled debt restructurings, where economic concessions were granted to borrowers consisting of reductions in the interest rates, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, and forbearances. Presented below, segregated by class of loans, are troubled debt restructurings that occurred during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 : Year Ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands) Number of Loans Term Modification Rate Modification Combination Post- Modification Outstanding Balance Commercial: Commercial construction 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Commercial secured by real estate 17 6,105 0 679 6,784 Commercial other 17 1,565 0 264 1,829 Residential: Real estate mortgage 1 463 0 0 463 Total troubled debt restructurings 35 $ 8,133 $ 0 $ 943 $ 9,076 Year Ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands) Number of Loans Term Modification Rate Modification Combination Post- Modification Outstanding Balance Commercial: Commercial construction 5 $ 2,182 $ 0 $ 15 $ 2,197 Commercial secured by real estate 24 4,004 0 1,383 5,387 Commercial other 8 465 0 0 465 Residential: Real estate mortgage 3 264 0 704 968 Total troubled debt restructurings 40 $ 6,915 $ 0 $ 2,102 $ 9,017 No charge-offs have resulted from modifications for any of the presented periods. We had commitments to extend additional credit in the amount of $82 thousand and $45 thousand, respectively, at December 31, 2019 and 2018, on loans that were considered troubled debt restructurings. Loans retain their accrual status at the time of their modification. As a result, if a loan is on nonaccrual at the time it is modified, it stays as nonaccrual, and if a loan is on accrual at the time of the modification, it generally stays on accrual. Commercial and consumer loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring are closely monitored for delinquency as an early indicator of possible future default. If loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring subsequently default, CTBI evaluates the loan for possible further impairment. The allowance for loan losses may be increased, adjustments may be made in the allocation of the allowance, or partial charge-offs may be taken to further write-down the carrying value of the loan. Presented below, segregated by class of loans, are loans that were modified as troubled debt restructurings within the past twelve months which have subsequently defaulted. CTBI considers a loan in default when it is 90 days or more past due or transferred to nonaccrual. (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2019 Number of Loans Recorded Balance Commercial: Commercial construction 0 $ 0 Commercial secured by real estate 1 30 Commercial other 1 34 Residential: Real estate mortgage 1 463 Total defaulted restructured loans 3 $ 527 (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2018 Number of Loans Recorded Balance Commercial: Commercial construction 2 $ 148 Commercial secured by real estate 1 17 Commercial other 1 84 Total defaulted restructured loans 4 $ 249 |