LOANS | NOTE 5 – LOANS The Bank engages in a full complement of lending activities, including real estate-related loans, agriculture-related loans, commercial and financial loans and consumer installment loans within select markets in Georgia, Alabama, Florida and South Carolina. The Bank purchased residential mortgage loan pools during 2015 and 2016 collateralized by properties located outside our Southeast markets, specifically in California, Washington and Illinois. During the third quarter of 2016, the Bank began purchasing from unrelated third parties consumer installment home improvement loans made to borrowers throughout the United States. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the net carrying value of these consumer installment home improvement loans was approximately $382.5 million and $399.9 million , respectively, and such loans are reported in the consumer installment loan category. During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Bank purchased a pool of commercial insurance premium finance loans made to borrowers throughout the United States and began to originate, administer and service these types of loans. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the net carrying value of commercial insurance premium loans was approximately $487.0 million and $413.5 million , respectively, and such loans are reported in the commercial, financial and agricultural loan category. The Bank concentrates the majority of its lending activities in real estate loans. While risk of loss in the Company’s portfolio is primarily tied to the credit quality of the various borrowers, risk of loss may increase due to factors beyond the Company’s control, such as local, regional and/or national economic downturns. General conditions in the real estate market may also impact the relative risk in the real estate portfolio. A substantial portion of the Bank’s loans are secured by real estate in the Bank’s primary market area. In addition, a substantial portion of the OREO is located in those same markets. Accordingly, the ultimate collectability of a substantial portion of the Bank’s loan portfolio and the recovery of a substantial portion of the carrying amount of OREO are susceptible to changes in real estate conditions in the Bank’s primary market area. Commercial, financial and agricultural loans include both secured and unsecured loans for working capital, expansion, crop production, commercial insurance premium finance, and other business purposes. Commercial, financial and agricultural loans also include SBA loans and municipal loans. Short-term working capital loans are secured by non-real estate collateral such as accounts receivable, crops, inventory and equipment. The Bank evaluates the financial strength, cash flow, management, credit history of the borrower and the quality of the collateral securing the loan. The Bank often requires personal guarantees and secondary sources of repayment on commercial, financial and agricultural loans. Real estate loans include construction and development loans, commercial and farmland loans and residential loans. Construction and development loans include loans for the development of residential neighborhoods, one-to-four family home residential construction loans to builders and consumers, and commercial real estate construction loans, primarily for owner-occupied properties. The Company limits its construction lending risk through adherence to established underwriting procedures. Commercial real estate loans include loans secured by owner-occupied commercial buildings for office, storage, retail and warehouse space as well as farmland. They also include non-owner occupied commercial buildings such as leased retail and office space. Commercial real estate loans may be larger in size and may involve a greater degree of risk than one-to-four family residential mortgage loans. Payments on such loans are often dependent on successful operation or management of the properties. The Company’s residential loans represent permanent mortgage financing and are secured by residential properties located within the Bank's market areas, along with warehouse lines of credit secured by residential mortgages. Consumer installment loans include home improvement loans, automobile loans, boat and recreational vehicle financing, and secured and unsecured personal loans. Consumer loans carry greater risks than other loans, as the collateral can consist of rapidly depreciating assets such as automobiles and equipment that may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the loan in the case of default. Loans are stated at unpaid balances, net of unearned income and deferred loan fees. Balances within the major loans receivable categories are presented in the following table, excluding purchased loans: (dollars in thousands) March 31, December 31, Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 1,382,907 $ 1,316,359 Real estate – construction and development 676,563 671,198 Real estate – commercial and farmland 1,894,937 1,814,529 Real estate – residential 1,365,482 1,403,000 Consumer installment 436,469 455,371 $ 5,756,358 $ 5,660,457 Purchased loans are defined as loans that were acquired in bank acquisitions including those that are covered by a loss-sharing agreement with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”). Purchased loans totaling $ 2.47 billion and $2.59 billion at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively, are not included in the above schedule. Purchased loans are shown below according to major loan type as of the end of the periods shown: (dollars in thousands) March 31, December 31, Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 327,972 $ 372,686 Real estate – construction and development 239,413 227,900 Real estate – commercial and farmland 1,280,515 1,337,859 Real estate – residential 597,735 623,199 Consumer installment 26,636 27,188 $ 2,472,271 $ 2,588,832 A rollforward of purchased loans for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is shown below: (dollars in thousands) March 31, March 31, Balance, January 1 $ 2,588,832 $ 861,595 Charge-offs (184 ) (151 ) Accretion 2,980 1,571 Transfers to purchased other real estate owned (2,523 ) (457 ) Payments received, net of principal advances (116,834 ) (43,971 ) Ending balance $ 2,472,271 $ 818,587 The following is a summary of changes in the accretable discounts of purchased loans during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 : (dollars in thousands) March 31, March 31, Balance, January 1 $ 40,496 $ 20,192 Accretion (2,980 ) (1,571 ) Transfers between non-accretable and accretable discounts, net (1,869 ) 146 Ending balance $ 35,647 $ 18,767 Purchased loan pools are defined as groups of residential mortgage loans that were not acquired in bank acquisitions or FDIC-assisted transactions. As of March 31, 2019 , purchased loan pools totaled $253.7 million and consisted of whole-loan residential mortgages on properties outside the Company’s markets, with principal balances totaling $252.0 million and $1.7 million of remaining purchase premium paid at acquisition. As of December 31, 2018 , purchased loan pools totaled $262.6 million with principal balances totaling $260.5 million and $2.1 million of remaining purchase premium paid at acquisition. At March 31, 2019 , purchased loan pools included principal balances of $400,000 risk-rated grade 7 (Substandard), while all other loans included in the purchased loan pools were performing current loans risk-rated grade 3 (Good Credit). At March 31, 2019 , purchased loan pools included principal balances of $400,000 on nonaccrual status and had no loans accounted for as troubled debt restructurings. At December 31, 2018 , all loans in purchased loan pools were performing current loans risk-rated grade 3 (Good Credit). At December 31, 2018 , purchased loan pools had no loans on nonaccrual status and had no loans classified as troubled debt restructurings. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company had allocated $697,000 and $732,000 , respectively, of allowance for loan losses for the purchased loan pools. As part of the due diligence process prior to purchasing an individual mortgage pool, a complete re-underwrite of the individual loan files was conducted. The underwriting process included a review of all income, asset, credit and property related documentation that was used to originate the loan. Underwriters utilized the originating lender’s program guidelines, as well as general prudent mortgage lending standards, to assess each individual loan file. Additional research was conducted to assess the real estate market conditions and market expectations in the geographic areas where a collateral concentration existed. As part of this review, an automated valuation model was employed to provide current collateral valuations and to support individual loan-to-value ratios. Additionally, a sample of site inspections was completed to provide further assurance. The results of the due diligence review were evaluated by officers of the Company in order to determine overall conformance to the Bank’s credit and lending policies. Nonaccrual and Past-Due Loans A loan is placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s judgment, the collection of the interest income appears doubtful. Interest receivable that has been accrued and is subsequently determined to have doubtful collectability is charged against interest income. Interest on loans that are classified as nonaccrual is subsequently applied to principal until the loans are returned to accrual status. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Past-due loans are loans whose principal or interest is past due 30 days or more. In some cases, where borrowers are experiencing financial difficulties, loans may be restructured to provide terms significantly different from the original contractual terms. The following table presents an analysis of loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis, excluding purchased loans: (dollars in thousands) March 31, December 31, Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 1,349 $ 1,412 Real estate – construction and development 1,244 892 Real estate – commercial and farmland 3,496 4,654 Real estate – residential 11,118 10,465 Consumer installment 426 529 $ 17,633 $ 17,952 The following table presents an analysis of purchased loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis: (dollars in thousands) March 31, December 31, Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 3,857 $ 1,199 Real estate – construction and development 5,933 6,119 Real estate – commercial and farmland 5,061 5,534 Real estate – residential 8,402 10,769 Consumer installment 593 486 $ 23,846 $ 24,107 The following table presents an analysis of past-due loans, excluding purchased past-due loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 : (dollars in thousands) Loans 30-59 Days Past Due Loans 60-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Loans Past Due Current Loans Total Loans Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing March 31, 2019 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 5,270 $ 2,784 $ 4,222 $ 12,276 $ 1,370,631 $ 1,382,907 $ 3,416 Real estate – construction and development 957 531 692 2,180 674,383 676,563 — Real estate – commercial and farmland 2,784 3,276 2,652 8,712 1,886,225 1,894,937 — Real estate – residential 13,394 1,287 9,895 24,576 1,340,906 1,365,482 — Consumer installment 1,752 929 541 3,222 433,247 436,469 260 Total $ 24,157 $ 8,807 $ 18,002 $ 50,966 $ 5,705,392 $ 5,756,358 $ 3,676 December 31, 2018 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 6,479 $ 5,295 $ 4,763 $ 16,537 $ 1,299,822 $ 1,316,359 $ 3,808 Real estate – construction and development 1,218 481 725 2,424 668,774 671,198 — Real estate – commercial and farmland 1,625 530 3,645 5,800 1,808,729 1,814,529 — Real estate – residential 11,423 4,631 8,923 24,977 1,378,023 1,403,000 — Consumer installment 2,344 1,167 735 4,246 451,125 455,371 414 Total $ 23,089 $ 12,104 $ 18,791 $ 53,984 $ 5,606,473 $ 5,660,457 $ 4,222 The following table presents an analysis of purchased past-due loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 : (dollars in thousands) Loans 30-59 Days Past Due Loans 60-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Loans Past Due Current Loans Total Loans Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing March 31, 2019 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 3,551 $ 45 $ 1,209 $ 4,805 $ 323,167 $ 327,972 $ — Real estate – construction and development 1,112 — 5,473 6,585 232,828 239,413 — Real estate – commercial and farmland 3,003 170 2,403 5,576 1,274,939 1,280,515 — Real estate – residential 7,488 1,747 5,317 14,552 583,183 597,735 — Consumer installment 732 97 269 1,098 25,538 26,636 — Total $ 15,886 $ 2,059 $ 14,671 $ 32,616 $ 2,439,655 $ 2,472,271 $ — December 31, 2018 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 421 $ 416 $ 1,015 $ 1,852 $ 370,834 $ 372,686 $ — Real estate – construction and development 627 370 5,273 6,270 221,630 227,900 — Real estate – commercial and farmland 1,935 736 1,698 4,369 1,333,490 1,337,859 — Real estate – residential 12,531 2,407 7,005 21,943 601,256 623,199 — Consumer installment 679 237 249 1,165 26,023 27,188 — Total $ 16,193 $ 4,166 $ 15,240 $ 35,599 $ 2,553,233 $ 2,588,832 $ — Impaired Loans Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreements. Impaired loans include loans on nonaccrual status and accruing troubled debt restructurings. When determining if the Company will be unable to collect all principal and interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement, the Company considers the borrower’s capacity to pay, which includes such factors as the borrower’s current financial statements, an analysis of global cash flow sufficient to pay all debt obligations and an evaluation of secondary sources of repayment, such as guarantor support and collateral value. The Company individually assesses for impairment all nonaccrual loans greater than $100,000 and all troubled debt restructurings greater than $100,000 (including all troubled debt restructurings, whether or not currently classified as such). The tables below include all loans deemed impaired, whether or not individually assessed for impairment. If a loan is deemed impaired, a specific valuation allowance is allocated, if necessary, so that the loan is reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. The following is a summary of information pertaining to impaired loans, excluding purchased loans: As of and for the Period Ended (dollars in thousands) March 31, December 31, March 31, Nonaccrual loans $ 17,633 $ 17,952 $ 14,420 Troubled debt restructurings not included above 11,463 9,323 11,375 Total impaired loans $ 29,096 $ 27,275 $ 25,795 Quarter-to-date interest income recognized on impaired loans $ 182 $ 202 $ 239 Quarter-to-date foregone interest income on impaired loans $ 209 $ 217 $ 190 The following table presents an analysis of information pertaining to impaired loans, excluding purchased loans as of March 31, 2019 , December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018 : (dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance Three Month Average Recorded Investment March 31, 2019 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 1,761 $ 871 $ 593 $ 1,464 $ 180 $ 1,566 Real estate – construction and development 1,727 621 764 1,385 209 1,211 Real estate – commercial and farmland 7,066 663 5,788 6,451 578 6,984 Real estate – residential 19,693 6,893 12,466 19,359 712 17,934 Consumer installment 453 437 — 437 — 491 Total $ 30,700 $ 9,485 $ 19,611 $ 29,096 $ 1,679 $ 28,186 (dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance Three Month Average Recorded Investment December 31, 2018 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 1,902 $ 1,155 $ 513 $ 1,668 $ 4 $ 1,736 Real estate – construction and development 1,378 613 424 1,037 3 1,229 Real estate – commercial and farmland 8,950 867 6,649 7,516 1,591 7,537 Real estate – residential 16,885 5,144 11,365 16,509 867 14,719 Consumer installment 561 545 — 545 — 584 Total $ 29,676 $ 8,324 $ 18,951 $ 27,275 $ 2,465 $ 25,805 (dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance Three Month Average Recorded Investment March 31, 2018 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 1,874 $ 985 $ 602 $ 1,587 $ 136 $ 1,467 Real estate – construction and development 746 567 127 694 1 833 Real estate – commercial and farmland 9,515 522 7,639 8,161 1,216 7,753 Real estate – residential 14,908 4,912 9,946 14,858 980 14,891 Consumer installment 526 495 — 495 — 492 Total $ 27,569 $ 7,481 $ 18,314 $ 25,795 $ 2,333 $ 25,436 The following is a summary of information pertaining to purchased impaired loans: As of and for the Period Ended (dollars in thousands) March 31, December 31, March 31, Nonaccrual loans $ 23,846 $ 24,107 $ 15,940 Troubled debt restructurings not included above 19,443 18,740 20,649 Total impaired loans $ 43,289 $ 42,847 $ 36,589 Quarter-to-date interest income recognized on impaired loans $ 672 $ 918 $ 696 Quarter-to-date foregone interest income on impaired loans $ 520 $ 451 $ 245 The following table presents an analysis of information pertaining to purchased impaired loans as of March 31, 2019 , December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018 : (dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance Three Month Average Recorded Investment March 31, 2019 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 11,125 $ 2,795 $ 1,094 $ 3,889 $ — $ 2,560 Real estate – construction and development 13,295 605 6,339 6,944 497 7,039 Real estate – commercial and farmland 13,448 1,546 9,618 11,164 670 11,431 Real estate – residential 22,825 8,823 11,876 20,699 629 21,500 Consumer installment 680 593 — 593 — 540 Total $ 61,373 $ 14,362 $ 28,927 $ 43,289 $ 1,796 $ 43,070 (dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance Three Month Average Recorded Investment December 31, 2018 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 5,717 $ 473 $ 757 $ 1,230 $ — $ 1,101 Real estate – construction and development 13,714 623 6,511 7,134 476 7,240 Real estate – commercial and farmland 14,766 1,115 10,581 11,696 684 13,514 Real estate – residential 24,839 8,185 14,116 22,301 773 23,146 Consumer installment 526 486 — 486 — 487 Total $ 59,562 $ 10,882 $ 31,965 $ 42,847 $ 1,933 $ 45,488 (dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance Three Month Average Recorded Investment March 31, 2018 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 4,050 $ 52 $ 744 $ 796 $ 396 $ 805 Real estate – construction and development 9,012 426 3,720 4,146 913 4,152 Real estate – commercial and farmland 12,590 861 10,230 11,091 767 11,744 Real estate – residential 22,820 8,426 12,093 20,519 745 19,502 Consumer installment 46 37 — 37 — 43 Total $ 48,518 $ 9,802 $ 26,787 $ 36,589 $ 2,821 $ 36,246 Credit Quality Indicators The Company uses a nine category risk grading system to assign a risk grade to each loan in the portfolio. The following is a description of the general characteristics of the grades: Grade 1 – Prime Credit – This grade represents loans to the Company’s most creditworthy borrowers or loans that are secured by cash or cash equivalents. Grade 2 – Strong Credit – This grade includes loans that exhibit one or more characteristics better than that of a Good Credit. Generally, the debt service coverage and borrower’s liquidity is materially better than required by the Company’s loan policy. Grade 3 – Good Credit – This grade is assigned to loans to borrowers who exhibit satisfactory credit histories, contain acceptable loan structures and demonstrate ability to repay. Grade 4 – Satisfactory Credit – This grade includes loans which exhibit all the characteristics of a Good Credit, but warrant more than normal level of banker supervision due to (i) circumstances which elevate the risks of performance (such as start-up operations, untested management, heavy leverage and interim losses); (ii) adverse, extraordinary events that have affected, or could affect, the borrower’s cash flow, financial condition, ability to continue operating profitability or refinancing (such as death of principal, fire and divorce); (iii) loans that require more than the normal servicing requirements (such as any type of construction financing, acquisition and development loans, accounts receivable or inventory loans and floor plan loans); (iv) existing technical exceptions which raise some doubts about the Bank’s perfection in its collateral position or the continued financial capacity of the borrower; or (v) improvements in formerly criticized borrowers, which may warrant banker supervision. Grade 5 – Fair Credit – This grade is assigned to loans that are currently performing and supported by adequate financial information that reflects repayment capacity but exhibits a loan-to-value ratio greater than 110% , based on a documented collateral valuation. Grade 6 – Other Assets Especially Mentioned – This grade includes loans that exhibit potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Grade 7 – Substandard – This grade represents loans which are inadequately protected by the current credit worthiness and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. These assets exhibit a well-defined weakness or are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. These weaknesses may be characterized by past due performance, operating losses or questionable collateral values. Grade 8 – Doubtful – This grade includes loans which exhibit all of the characteristics of a substandard loan with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable or improbable. Grade 9 – Loss – This grade is assigned to loans which are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as active assets of the Bank is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing it off. The following table presents the loan portfolio, excluding purchased loans, by risk grade as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands): Risk Commercial, Real Estate - Real Estate - Real Estate - Consumer Total March 31, 2019 1 $ 528,386 $ — $ 724 $ 694 $ 10,842 $ 540,646 2 521,486 516 33,656 31,944 20 587,622 3 152,722 66,180 923,222 1,206,722 23,269 2,372,115 4 161,089 593,309 834,693 98,050 401,672 2,088,813 5 13,131 11,560 56,333 6,741 20 87,785 6 3,557 1,415 23,534 4,372 71 32,949 7 2,536 3,583 22,775 16,959 575 46,428 8 — — — — — — 9 — — — — — — Total $ 1,382,907 $ 676,563 $ 1,894,937 $ 1,365,482 $ 436,469 $ 5,756,358 December 31, 2018 1 $ 530,864 $ 40 $ 500 $ 16 $ 10,744 $ 542,164 2 452,250 681 37,079 33,043 48 523,101 3 174,811 74,657 888,433 1,246,383 23,844 2,408,128 4 137,038 582,456 814,068 94,143 419,983 2,047,688 5 13,714 6,264 30,364 8,634 78 59,054 6 5,130 4,091 20,959 4,881 57 35,118 7 2,552 3,009 23,126 15,900 617 45,204 8 — — — — — — 9 — — — — — — Total $ 1,316,359 $ 671,198 $ 1,814,529 $ 1,403,000 $ 455,371 $ 5,660,457 The following table presents the purchased loan portfolio by risk grade as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands): Risk Grade Commercial, Financial and Agricultural Real Estate - Construction and Development Real Estate - Commercial and Farmland Real Estate - Residential Consumer Installment Total March 31, 2019 1 $ 80,138 $ — $ — $ — $ 544 $ 80,682 2 5,313 — 9,446 70,003 142 84,904 3 20,562 12,759 270,517 371,501 2,379 677,718 4 168,472 207,413 913,144 116,762 22,562 1,428,353 5 22,982 4,765 48,763 13,847 34 90,391 6 10,614 4,598 15,816 7,441 130 38,599 7 19,891 9,878 22,829 18,181 839 71,618 8 — — — — — — 9 — — — — 6 6 Total $ 327,972 $ 239,413 $ 1,280,515 $ 597,735 $ 26,636 $ 2,472,271 December 31, 2018 1 $ 90,205 $ — $ — $ — $ 570 $ 90,775 2 2,648 — 7,407 74,398 164 84,617 3 20,489 18,022 230,089 385,279 2,410 656,289 4 215,096 195,079 1,034,943 118,082 23,177 1,586,377 5 14,445 2,728 29,468 16,937 35 63,613 6 11,601 1,459 10,063 7,231 94 30,448 7 18,202 10,612 25,889 21,272 738 76,713 8 — — — — — — 9 — — — — — — Total $ 372,686 $ 227,900 $ 1,337,859 $ 623,199 $ 27,188 $ 2,588,832 Troubled Debt Restructurings The restructuring of a loan is considered a “troubled debt restructuring” if both (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and (ii) the Company has granted a concession. Concessions may include interest rate reductions to below market interest rates, principal forgiveness, restructuring amortization schedules and other actions intended to minimize potential losses. The Company has exhibited the greatest success for rehabilitation of the loan by a reduction in the rate alone (maintaining the amortization of the debt) or a combination of a rate reduction and the forbearance of previously past due interest or principal. This has most typically been evidenced in certain commercial real estate loans whereby a disruption in the borrower’s cash flow resulted in an extended past due status, of which the borrower was unable to catch up completely as the cash flow of the property ultimately stabilized at a level lower than its original level. A reduction in rate, coupled with a forbearance of unpaid principal and/or interest, allowed the net cash flows to service the debt under the modified terms. The Company’s policy requires a restructure request to be supported by a current, well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and a collateral evaluation that is no older than six months from the date of the restructure. Key factors of that evaluation include the documentation of current, recurring cash flows, support provided by the guarantor(s) and the current valuation of the collateral. If the appraisal in the file is older than six months, an evaluation must be made as to the continued reasonableness of the valuation. For certain income-producing properties, current rent rolls and/or other income information can be utilized to support the appraisal valuation, when coupled with documented cap rates within our markets and a physical inspection of the collateral to validate the current condition. The Company’s policy states that in the event a loan has been identified as a troubled debt restructuring, it should be assigned a grade of substandard and placed on nonaccrual status until such time the borrower has demonstrated the ability to service the loan payments based on the restructured terms – generally defined as six months of satisfactory payment history. Missed payments under the original loan terms are not considered under the new structure; however, subsequent missed payments are considered non-performance and are not considered toward the six month required term of satisfactory payment history. The Company’s loan policy states that a nonaccrual loan may be returned to accrual status when (i) none of its principal and interest is due and unpaid, and the Company expects repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest or (ii) it otherwise becomes well secured and in the process of collection. Restoration to accrual status on any given loan must be supported by a well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and the prospects for full repayment and approved by the Company’s Chief Credit Officer. In the normal course of business, the Company renews loans with a modification of the interest rate or terms that are not deemed as troubled debt restructurings because the borrower is not experiencing financial difficulty. The Company modified loans in the first three months of 2019 and 2018 totaling $26.9 million and $28.6 million , respectively, under such parameters. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company had a balance of $12.9 million and $11.0 million , respectively, in troubled debt restructurings, excluding purchased loans. The Company has recorded $893,000 and $890,000 in previous charge-offs on such loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. The Company’s balance in the allowance for loan losses allocated to such troubled debt restructurings was $728,000 and $820,000 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. At March 31, 2019 , the Company did not have any commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in troubled restructurings. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , the Company modified loans as troubled debt restructurings, excluding purchased loans, with principal balances of $2.2 million and $1.2 million , respectively, and these modifications did not have a material impact on the Company’s allowance for loan loss. The following table presents the loans by class modified as troubled debt restructurings, excluding purchased loans, which occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 : March 31, 2019 March 31, 2018 Loan Class # Balance (in thousands) # Balance (in thousands) Commercial, financial and agricultural 1 $ 7 2 $ 125 Real estate – construction and development — — 1 4 Real estate – commercial and farmland 1 33 1 303 Real estate – residential 7 2,109 2 710 Consumer installment 3 12 2 13 Total 12 $ 2,161 8 $ 1,155 Troubled debt restructurings, excluding purchased loans, with an outstanding balance of $837,000 and $3.0 million defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively, and these defaults did not have a material impact on the Company’s allowance for loan loss. The following table presents for loans, excluding purchased loans, the troubled debt restructurings by class that defaulted (defined as 30 days past due) during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 : March 31, 2019 March 31, 2018 Loan Class # Balance (in thousands) # Balance (in thousands) Commercial, financial and agricultural — $ — — $ — Real estate – construction and development — — — — Real estate – commercial and farmland — — 2 1,971 Real estate – residential 7 837 17 1,047 Consumer installment — — — — Total 7 $ 837 19 $ 3,018 The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by loan class, excluding purchased loans, classified separately as accrual and nonaccrual at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 : March 31, 2019 Accruing Loans Non-Accruing Loans Loan Class # Balance (in thousands) # Balance (in thousands) Commercial, financial and agricultural 3 $ 116 14 $ 138 Real estate – construction and development 4 142 1 2 Real estate – commercial and farmland 13 2,954 4 450 Real estate – residential 78 8,240 19 832 Consumer installment 5 11 22 63 Total 103 $ 11,463 60 $ 1,485 December 31, 2018 Accruing Loans Non-Accruing Loans Loan Class # Balance (in thousands) # Balance (in thousands) Commercial, financial and agricultural 5 $ 256 14 $ 138 Real estate – construction and development 5 145 1 2 Real estate – commercial and farmland 12 2,863 3 426 Real estate – residential 71 6,043 20 1,119 Consumer installment 6 16 24 69 Total 99 $ 9,323 62 $ 1,754 As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company had a balance of $22.3 million and $22.2 million , respectively, in troubled debt restructurings included in purchased loans. The Company has recorded $1.1 million |