LOANS | NOTE 4 – LOANS The Bank engages in a full complement of lending activities, including real estate-related loans, agriculture-related loans, commercial and financial loans and consumer installment loans within select markets in Georgia, Alabama, Florida and South Carolina. The Bank purchased residential mortgage loan pools during 2015 and 2016 collateralized by properties located outside our Southeast markets, specifically in California, Washington and Illinois. During the third quarter of 2016, the Bank began purchasing from unrelated third parties consumer installment home improvement loans made to borrowers throughout the United States. The Bank also offers certain SBA and commercial insurance premium finance loans nationally. Loans oustanding under the SBA's Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") are reported in the commercial, financial and agricultural loan category. The Bank concentrates the majority of its lending activities in real estate loans. While risk of loss in the Company’s portfolio is primarily tied to the credit quality of the various borrowers, risk of loss may increase due to factors beyond the Company’s control, such as local, regional and/or national economic downturns. General conditions in the real estate market may also impact the relative risk in the real estate portfolio. A substantial portion of the Bank’s loans are secured by real estate in the Bank’s primary market area. Accordingly, the ultimate collectability of a substantial portion of the Bank’s loan portfolio is susceptible to changes in real estate conditions in the Bank’s primary market area. Loans are stated at amortized cost. Balances within the major loans receivable categories are presented in the following table: (dollars in thousands) June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 1,839,921 $ 802,171 Consumer installment 575,782 498,577 Indirect automobile 739,543 1,061,824 Mortgage warehouse 748,853 526,369 Municipal 731,508 564,304 Premium finance 690,584 654,669 Real estate – construction and development 1,641,744 1,549,062 Real estate – commercial and farmland 4,804,420 4,353,039 Real estate – residential 2,730,802 2,808,461 $ 14,503,157 $ 12,818,476 The following is a summary of changes in the accretable discounts of purchased loans during the six months ended June 30, 2019: (dollars in thousands) June 30, 2019 Balance, January 1 $ 40,496 Additions due to acquisitions — Accretion (6,125) Accretable discounts removed due to charge-offs — Transfers between non-accretable and accretable discounts, net (2,291) Ending balance $ 32,080 Nonaccrual and Past-Due Loans A loan is placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s judgment, the collection of the interest income appears doubtful. Interest receivable that has been accrued and is subsequently determined to have doubtful collectability is charged against interest income. Interest on loans that are classified as nonaccrual is subsequently applied to principal until the loans are returned to accrual status. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Past-due loans are loans whose principal or interest is past due 30 days or more. In some cases, where borrowers are experiencing financial difficulties, loans may be restructured to provide terms significantly different from the original contractual terms. The following table presents an analysis of loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis: (dollars in thousands) June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 11,032 $ 9,236 Consumer installment 1,186 831 Indirect automobile 1,643 1,746 Premium finance — 600 Real estate – construction and development 1,913 1,988 Real estate – commercial and farmland 21,874 23,797 Real estate – residential 40,097 36,926 $ 77,745 $ 75,124 There was no interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans during the six months ended June 30, 2020. The following table presents an analysis of nonaccrual loans with no related allowance for credit losses: (dollars in thousands) June 30, 2020 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 1,081 Real estate – commercial and farmland 9,632 Real estate – residential 10,367 $ 21,080 The following table presents an analysis of past-due loans as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: (dollars in thousands) Loans Loans Loans 90 Total Current Total Loans 90 June 30, 2020 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 802 $ 1,917 $ 6,246 $ 8,965 $ 1,830,956 $ 1,839,921 $ — Consumer installment 1,699 1,691 2,173 5,563 570,219 575,782 1,377 Indirect automobile 1,458 597 1,528 3,583 735,960 739,543 24 Mortgage warehouse — — — — 748,853 748,853 — Municipal — — — — 731,508 731,508 — Premium finance 5,141 6,767 11,928 23,836 666,748 690,584 11,928 Real estate – construction and development 8,064 1,359 3,523 12,946 1,628,798 1,641,744 1,795 Real estate – commercial and farmland 890 1,910 15,517 18,317 4,786,103 4,804,420 — Real estate – residential 20,601 6,507 34,637 61,745 2,669,057 2,730,802 2 Total $ 38,655 $ 20,748 $ 75,552 $ 134,955 $ 14,368,202 $ 14,503,157 $ 15,126 December 31, 2019 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 3,609 $ 2,251 $ 6,484 $ 12,344 $ 789,827 $ 802,171 $ — Consumer installment 3,488 1,336 1,452 6,276 492,301 498,577 922 Indirect automobile 5,978 1,067 1,522 8,567 1,053,257 1,061,824 21 Mortgage warehouse — — — — 526,369 526,369 — Municipal — — — — 564,304 564,304 — Premium finance 13,801 8,022 5,411 27,234 627,435 654,669 4,811 Real estate – construction and development 7,785 1,224 1,583 10,592 1,538,470 1,549,062 — Real estate – commercial and farmland 7,404 3,405 15,598 26,407 4,326,632 4,353,039 — Real estate – residential 46,226 15,277 31,083 92,586 2,715,875 2,808,461 — Total $ 88,291 $ 32,582 $ 63,133 $ 184,006 $ 12,634,470 $ 12,818,476 $ 5,754 Collateral-Dependent Loans Collateral-dependent loans are loans where repayment is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral and there are no other available and reliable sources of repayment. These loans are written down to the lower of cost or collateral value less estimated selling costs. As of June 30, 2020, there were $102.1 million of collateral-dependent loans which are primarily secured by real estate, equipment and receivables. Impaired Loans Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, loans were considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it was probable the Company would be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreements. Impaired loans include loans on nonaccrual status and accruing troubled debt restructurings. When determining if the Company would be unable to collect all principal and interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement, the Company considered the borrower’s capacity to pay, which included such factors as the borrower’s current financial statements, an analysis of global cash flow sufficient to pay all debt obligations and an evaluation of secondary sources of repayment, such as guarantor support and collateral value. The Company individually assessed for impairment all nonaccrual loans greater than $100,000 and all troubled debt restructurings greater than $100,000 (including all troubled debt restructurings, whether or not currently classified as such). The tables below include all loans deemed impaired, whether or not individually assessed for impairment. If a loan was deemed impaired, a specific valuation allowance was allocated, if necessary, so that the loan was reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment was expected solely from the collateral. Interest payments on impaired loans were typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount was reasonably assured, in which case interest was recognized on a cash basis. The following is a summary of information pertaining to impaired loans: As of and for the Period Ended (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019 June 30, 2019 Nonaccrual loans $ 75,124 $ 41,479 Troubled debt restructurings not included above 29,609 31,383 Total impaired loans $ 104,733 $ 72,862 Quarter-to-date interest income recognized on impaired loans $ 1,201 $ 1,171 Year-to-date interest income recognized on impaired loans $ 4,131 $ 2,025 Quarter-to-date foregone interest income on impaired loans $ 1,044 $ 750 Year-to-date foregone interest income on impaired loans $ 4,100 $ 1,478 The following table presents an analysis of information pertaining to impaired loans as of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019: (dollars in thousands) Unpaid Recorded Recorded Total Related Three Twelve December 31, 2019 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 18,438 $ 1,911 $ 7,840 $ 9,751 $ 1,542 $ 9,073 $ 6,287 Consumer installment 2,179 839 — 839 — 420 767 Indirect automobile 1,845 1,746 — 1,746 — 1,481 592 Premium finance 757 — 757 757 156 758 524 Real estate – construction and development 4,893 1,319 1,605 2,924 204 5,277 7,278 Real estate – commercial and farmland 42,515 12,147 18,381 30,528 953 30,749 23,280 Real estate – residential 62,675 13,413 44,775 58,188 3,592 70,723 51,817 Total $ 133,302 $ 31,375 $ 73,358 $ 104,733 $ 6,447 $ 118,481 $ 90,545 (dollars in thousands) Unpaid Recorded Recorded Total Related Three Six Month Average Recorded Investment June 30, 2019 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 13,097 $ 1,632 $ 3,407 $ 5,039 $ 634 $ 5,196 $ 4,430 Consumer installment 1,034 932 — 932 — 982 998 Premium finance 1,104 913 191 1,104 10 552 368 Real estate – construction and development 16,219 2,059 7,279 9,338 498 8,834 8,612 Real estate – commercial and farmland 20,075 1,951 16,125 18,076 1,984 17,846 18,301 Real estate – residential 41,025 12,221 26,152 38,373 1,880 39,416 39,213 Total $ 92,554 $ 19,708 $ 53,154 $ 72,862 $ 5,006 $ 72,826 $ 71,922 Credit Quality Indicators The Company uses a nine category risk grading system to assign a risk grade to each loan in the portfolio. The following is a description of the general characteristics of the grades: Grade 1 – Prime Credit – This grade represents loans to the Company’s most creditworthy borrowers or loans that are secured by cash or cash equivalents. Grade 2 – Strong Credit – This grade includes loans that exhibit one or more characteristics better than that of a Good Credit. Generally, the debt service coverage and borrower’s liquidity is materially better than required by the Company’s loan policy. Grade 3 – Good Credit – This grade is assigned to loans to borrowers who exhibit satisfactory credit histories, contain acceptable loan structures and demonstrate ability to repay. Grade 4 – Satisfactory Credit – This grade includes loans which exhibit all the characteristics of a Good Credit, but warrant more than normal level of banker supervision due to (i) circumstances which elevate the risks of performance (such as start-up operations, untested management, heavy leverage and interim losses); (ii) adverse, extraordinary events that have affected, or could affect, the borrower’s cash flow, financial condition, ability to continue operating profitability or refinancing (such as death of principal, fire and divorce); (iii) loans that require more than the normal servicing requirements (such as any type of construction financing, acquisition and development loans, accounts receivable or inventory loans and floor plan loans); (iv) existing technical exceptions which raise some doubts about the Bank’s perfection in its collateral position or the continued financial capacity of the borrower; or (v) improvements in formerly criticized borrowers, which may warrant banker supervision. Grade 5 – Fair Credit – This grade is assigned to loans that are currently performing and supported by adequate financial information that reflects repayment capacity but exhibits a loan-to-value ratio greater than 110%, based on a documented collateral valuation. Grade 6 – Other Assets Especially Mentioned – This grade includes loans that exhibit potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Grade 7 – Substandard – This grade represents loans which are inadequately protected by the current credit worthiness and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. These assets exhibit a well-defined weakness or are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. These weaknesses may be characterized by past due performance, operating losses or questionable collateral values. Grade 8 – Doubtful – This grade includes loans which exhibit all of the characteristics of a substandard loan with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable or improbable. Grade 9 – Loss – This grade is assigned to loans which are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as active assets of the Bank is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing it off. The following table presents the loan portfolio's amortized cost by class of financing receivable, risk grade and year of origination (in thousands). Generally, current period renewals of credit are underwritten again at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for purposes of the table below. There were no loans risk graded 9 at June 30, 2020. Term Loans As of June 30, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Commercial, Financial and Agricultural Risk Grade: 1 $ 1,040,825 $ 3,753 $ 1,793 $ 690 $ 688 $ 5,800 $ 10,509 $ — $ 1,064,058 2 36 1,354 935 3,782 108 2,109 6,043 — 14,367 3 52,010 62,009 18,813 19,721 9,505 6,450 73,670 — 242,178 4 50,333 102,834 103,960 60,081 24,471 35,983 95,792 — 473,454 5 1,020 2,961 2,999 5,944 1,482 3,718 2,784 — 20,908 6 — 356 1,860 561 248 1,306 1,482 — 5,813 7 — 744 1,692 2,098 694 4,531 9,384 — 19,143 Total commercial, financial and agricultural $ 1,144,224 $ 174,011 $ 132,052 $ 92,877 $ 37,196 $ 59,897 $ 199,664 $ — $ 1,839,921 Consumer Installment Risk Grade: 1 $ 3,941 $ 4,734 $ 2,374 $ 845 $ 145 $ 67 $ 1,181 $ — $ 13,287 2 — — 77 3 2,862 1,187 50 — 4,179 3 8,284 10,517 4,510 5,298 39,040 25,378 3,222 — 96,249 4 98,445 120,187 133,148 73,783 18,923 10,625 3,810 — 458,921 5 50 136 37 38 27 243 9 — 540 6 — 14 14 4 50 78 — — 160 7 — 192 150 196 816 965 127 — 2,446 Total consumer installment $ 110,720 $ 135,780 $ 140,310 $ 80,167 $ 61,863 $ 38,543 $ 8,399 $ — $ 575,782 Indirect Automobile Risk Grade: 2 $ — $ — $ 112 $ 38 $ 5,047 $ 3,908 $ — $ — $ 9,105 3 — 47,286 241,703 252,508 112,068 74,214 — — 727,779 7 — 93 388 579 638 961 — — 2,659 Total indirect automobile $ — $ 47,379 $ 242,203 $ 253,125 $ 117,753 $ 79,083 $ — $ — $ 739,543 Mortgage Warehouse Risk Grade: 3 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 748,853 $ — $ 748,853 Total mortgage warehouse $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 748,853 $ — $ 748,853 Term Loans As of June 30, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Municipal Risk Grade: 1 $ 198,131 $ 12,763 $ 37,851 $ 175,644 $ 172,620 $ 115,134 $ — $ — $ 712,143 2 — — — — — 2,587 — — 2,587 3 — 775 — 6,300 — 9,107 — — 16,182 4 — — — — — 596 — — 596 Total municipal $ 198,131 $ 13,538 $ 37,851 $ 181,944 $ 172,620 $ 127,424 $ — $ — $ 731,508 Premium Finance Risk Grade: 2 $ 563,735 $ 111,749 $ 1,203 $ 1,112 $ 262 $ 594 $ — $ — $ 678,655 7 2,781 6,297 10 — 2,841 — — — 11,929 Total premium finance $ 566,516 $ 118,046 $ 1,213 $ 1,112 $ 3,103 $ 594 $ — $ — $ 690,584 Real Estate – Construction and Development Risk Grade: 3 $ 16,000 $ 18,405 $ 17,828 $ 9,991 $ 4,005 $ 8,759 $ 685 $ — $ 75,673 4 288,761 661,716 280,311 120,430 21,001 37,348 92,226 — 1,501,793 5 171 5,100 2,420 607 17,806 9,447 111 — 35,662 6 339 2,652 12,421 2,488 527 4,562 — — 22,989 7 — 9 1,190 889 46 3,493 — — 5,627 Total real estate – construction and development $ 305,271 $ 687,882 $ 314,170 $ 134,405 $ 43,385 $ 63,609 $ 93,022 $ — $ 1,641,744 Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland Risk Grade: 1 $ — $ — $ 198 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 198 2 1,449 547 578 2,289 4,543 15,895 1,946 — 27,247 3 275,436 387,436 172,702 219,630 204,796 325,464 73,997 — 1,659,461 4 220,881 602,402 532,184 418,685 356,739 686,276 33,349 — 2,850,516 5 5,846 4,685 2,798 26,617 15,162 74,695 566 — 130,369 6 — 8,254 9,905 13,851 14,933 24,053 730 — 71,726 7 170 6,096 5,048 8,944 11,173 32,535 937 — 64,903 Total real estate – commercial and farmland $ 503,782 $ 1,009,420 $ 723,413 $ 690,016 $ 607,346 $ 1,158,918 $ 111,525 $ — $ 4,804,420 Real Estate - Residential Risk Grade: 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 23 $ — $ — $ 23 2 — 418 14 126 1,525 61,280 1,768 — 65,131 3 284,058 541,802 303,447 220,661 177,896 462,308 225,353 2,313 2,217,838 4 16,675 74,152 43,926 32,278 34,830 105,288 51,186 59 358,394 5 310 1,453 2,366 3,268 1,499 12,330 3,963 — 25,189 6 172 1,736 939 62 331 4,180 597 — 8,017 7 2,836 8,179 11,568 5,120 2,091 19,355 7,061 — 56,210 Total real estate - residential $ 304,051 $ 627,740 $ 362,260 $ 261,515 $ 218,172 $ 664,764 $ 289,928 $ 2,372 $ 2,730,802 The following table presents the loan portfolio by risk grade as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands): Risk Commercial, Consumer Installment Indirect Automobile Mortgage Warehouse Municipal Premium Finance Real Estate - Real Estate - Real Estate - Total 1 $ 22,396 $ 13,184 $ — $ — $ 552,062 $ — $ — $ 208 $ 27 $ 587,877 2 18,937 1,233 18,354 — 2,690 654,069 17,535 35,299 92,255 840,372 3 215,180 33,314 1,033,861 526,369 8,925 — 90,124 1,720,039 2,406,587 6,034,399 4 482,146 449,224 4,009 — 627 — 1,377,674 2,348,083 222,779 4,884,542 5 33,317 208 — — — — 41,759 133,119 24,618 233,021 6 4,901 213 — — — — 17,223 53,941 10,132 86,410 7 25,294 1,191 5,600 — — 600 4,747 62,350 52,063 151,845 8 — 8 — — — — — — — 8 9 — 2 — — — — — — — 2 Total $ 802,171 $ 498,577 $ 1,061,824 $ 526,369 $ 564,304 $ 654,669 $ 1,549,062 $ 4,353,039 $ 2,808,461 $ 12,818,476 Troubled Debt Restructurings The restructuring of a loan is considered a “troubled debt restructuring” if both (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and (ii) the Company has granted a concession. Concessions may include interest rate reductions to below market interest rates, principal forgiveness, restructuring amortization schedules and other actions intended to minimize potential losses. The Company has exhibited the greatest success for rehabilitation of the loan by a reduction in the rate alone (maintaining the amortization of the debt) or a combination of a rate reduction and the forbearance of previously past due interest or principal. This has most typically been evidenced in certain commercial real estate loans whereby a disruption in the borrower’s cash flow resulted in an extended past due status, of which the borrower was unable to catch up completely as the cash flow of the property ultimately stabilized at a level lower than its original level. A reduction in rate, coupled with a forbearance of unpaid principal and/or interest, allowed the net cash flows to service the debt under the modified terms. The Company’s policy requires a restructure request to be supported by a current, well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and a collateral evaluation that is no older than six months from the date of the restructure. Key factors of that evaluation include the documentation of current, recurring cash flows, support provided by the guarantor(s) and the current valuation of the collateral. If the appraisal in the file is older than six months, an evaluation must be made as to the continued reasonableness of the valuation. For certain income-producing properties, current rent rolls and/or other income information can be utilized to support the appraisal valuation, when coupled with documented cap rates within our markets and a physical inspection of the collateral to validate the current condition. The Company’s policy states that in the event a loan has been identified as a troubled debt restructuring, it should be assigned a grade of substandard and placed on nonaccrual status until such time the borrower has demonstrated the ability to service the loan payments based on the restructured terms – generally defined as six months of satisfactory payment history. Missed payments under the original loan terms are not considered under the new structure; however, subsequent missed payments are considered non-performance and are not considered toward the six month required term of satisfactory payment history. The Company’s loan policy states that a nonaccrual loan may be returned to accrual status when (i) none of its principal and interest is due and unpaid, and the Company expects repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest or (ii) it otherwise becomes well secured and in the process of collection. Restoration to accrual status on any given loan must be supported by a well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and the prospects for full repayment and approved by the Company’s Chief Credit Officer. In the normal course of business, the Company renews loans with a modification of the interest rate or terms that are not deemed to be troubled debt restructurings because the borrower is not experiencing financial difficulty. The Company modified loans in the first six months of 2020 and 2019 totaling $139.6 million and $107.7 million, respectively, under such parameters. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had a balance of $42.3 million and $35.2 million, respectively, in troubled debt restructurings. The Company has recorded $1.7 million and $1.9 million in previous charge-offs on such loans at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company’s balance in the allowance for credit losses allocated to such troubled debt restructurings was $2.9 million and $3.7 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. At June 30, 2020, the Company did not have any commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in troubled restructurings. During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company modified loans as troubled debt restructurings with principal balances of $11.3 million and $5.3 million, respectively, and these modifications did not have a material impact on the Company’s allowance for credit losses. The following table presents the loans by class modified as troubled debt restructurings which occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019: June 30, 2020 June 30, 2019 Loan Class # Balance (in thousands) # Balance (in thousands) Commercial, financial and agricultural 1 $ 731 1 $ 7 Consumer installment 4 15 9 62 Premium finance — — 1 191 Real estate – construction and development 1 20 — — Real estate – commercial and farmland 1 16 2 214 Real estate – residential 76 10,496 34 4,794 Total 83 $ 11,278 47 $ 5,268 Troubled debt restructurings with an outstanding balance of $1.7 million and $1.9 million defaulted during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and these defaults did not have a material impact on the Company’s allowance for credit losses. The following table presents for loans the troubled debt restructurings by class that defaulted (defined as 30 days past due) during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019: June 30, 2020 June 30, 2019 Loan Class # Balance (in thousands) # Balance (in thousands) Commercial, financial and agricultural 1 $ 200 2 $ 4 Consumer installment 3 4 4 24 Real estate – construction and development 2 285 — — Real estate – commercial and farmland 2 676 — — Real estate – residential 8 567 19 1,832 Total 16 $ 1,732 25 $ 1,860 The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by loan class classified separately as accrual and nonaccrual at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: June 30, 2020 Accruing Loans Non-Accruing Loans Loan Class # Balance (in thousands) # Balance (in thousands) Commercial, financial and agricultural 7 $ 592 13 $ 1,034 Consumer installment 13 42 20 67 Real estate – construction and development 5 919 4 308 Real estate – commercial and farmland 18 5,252 8 1,877 Real estate – residential 250 29,935 37 2,231 Total 293 $ 36,740 82 $ 5,517 December 31, 2019 Accruing Loans Non-Accruing Loans Loan Class # Balance (in thousands) # Balance (in thousands) Commercial, financial and agricultural 5 $ 516 17 $ 335 Consumer installment 4 8 27 107 Premium finance 1 156 — — Real estate – construction and development 6 936 3 253 Real estate – commercial and farmland 21 6,732 8 2,071 Real estate – residential 197 21,261 40 2,857 Total 234 $ 29,609 95 $ 5,623 COVID-19 Deferrals As of June 30, 2020, the Company modified $2.76 billion in loans for borrowers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. These modifications primarily consisted of short-term payment deferrals or interest-only periods to assist customers. Modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic and qualifying under the provisions of Section 4013 of the CARES Act are not deemed to be troubled debt restructurings. The table below presents short-term deferrals related to the COVID-19 pandemic that were not considered TDRs. (dollars in thousands) COVID-19 Deferrals Deferrals as a % of total loans Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 155,310 8.4 % Consumer installment 15,502 2.7 % Indirect automobile 65,064 8.8 % Municipal 2,461 0.3 % Premium finance 46,496 6.7 % Real estate – construction and development 192,474 11.7 % Real estate – commercial and farmland 1,961,513 40.8 % Real estate – residential 318,881 11.7 % $ 2,757,701 19.0 % Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses represents an allowance for expected losses over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications unless the Company reasonably expects to execute a troubled debt restructuring with a borrower. The Company segregates the loan portfolio by type of loan and utilizes this segregation in evaluating exposure to risks within the portfolio. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the collection of a loan’s principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries are credited to the allowance. Consumer loans are charged off in accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s (“FFIEC”) Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy. Commercial loans are charged off when they are deemed uncollectible, which usually involves a triggering event within the collection effort. If the loan is collateral dependent, the loss is more easily identified and is charged off when it is identified, usually based upon receipt of an appraisal. However, when a loan has guarantor support, the Company may carry the estimated loss as a reserve against the loan while collection efforts with the guarantor are pursued. If, after collection efforts with the guarantor are complete, the deficiency is still considered uncollectible, the loss is charged off and any further collections are treated as recoveries. In all situations, when a loan is downgraded to an Asset Quality Rating of 9 (Loss per the regulatory guidance), the uncollectible portion is charged off. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the allowance for credit losses increased primarily due to deterioration in forecasted macroeconomic factors resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The current forecast reflects, among other things, a decline in GDP and elevated unemployment levels compared to the forecast at both the time of adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020 and the most recent quarter end of March 31, 2020. In addition, the Company also uses certain qualitative adjustments for specific portfolios as well as model uncertainty. The following tables detail activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 and end of period balances by portfolio segment as of June 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands) Commercial, Consumer Indirect Automobile Mortgage Warehouse Municipal Premium Finance Balance, March 31, 2020 $ 8,110 $ 15,446 $ 3,464 $ 1,102 $ 522 $ 11,508 Provision for loan losses 11 4,824 915 396 (15) (2,083) Loans charged off (486) (962) (1,016) — — (1,903) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 303 777 18 — — 676 Balance, June 30, 2020 $ 7,938 $ 20,085 $ 3,381 $ 1,498 $ 507 $ 8,198 Real Estate – Construction and Development Real Estate – Real Estate – Total Balance, March 31, 2020 $ 25,319 $ 51,754 $ 32,299 $ 149,524 Provision for loan losses 28,853 38,133 (2,585) 68,449 Loans charged off (74) (6,315) (525) (11,281) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 168 21 138 2,101 Balance, June 30, 2020 $ 54,266 $ 83,593 $ 29,327 $ 208,793 Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands) Commercial, Consumer Indirect Automobile Mortgage Warehouse Municipal Premium Finance Balance, December 31, 2019 $ 4,567 $ 3,784 $ — $ 640 $ 484 $ 2,550 Adjustment to allowance for adoption of ASU 2016-13 2,587 8,012 4,109 463 (92) 4,471 Provision for loan losses 3,091 8,973 1,479 395 115 2,551 Loans charged off (2,972) (2,104) (2,247) — — (2,734) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 665 1,420 40 — — 1,360 Balance, June 30, 2020 $ 7,938 $ 20,085 $ 3,381 $ 1,498 $ 507 $ 8,198 Real Estate – Construction and Development Real Estate – Real Estate – Total Balance, December 31, 2019 $ 5,995 $ 9,666 $ 10,503 $ 38,189 Adjustment to allowance for adoption of ASU 2016-13 12,248 27,073 19,790 78,661 Provision for loan losses 35,587 53,991 (686) 105,496 Loans charged off (74) (7,243) (625) (17,999) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 510 106 345 4,446 Balance, June 30, 2020 $ 54,266 $ 83,593 $ 29,327 $ 208,793 Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, the Company calculated the allowance for loan losses under the incurred loss methodology. The following tables are disclosures related to the allowance for loan losses in prior periods. (dollars in thousands) Commercial, Consumer Indirect Automobile Mortgage Warehouse Municipal Premium Finance December 31, 2019 Period-end allocation: Loans individually evaluated for impairment (1) $ 1,543 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 758 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 3,024 3,784 — 640 484 1,792 Ending balance $ 4,567 $ 3,784 $ — $ 640 $ 484 $ 2,550 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment (1) $ 8,032 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 6,768 Collectively evaluated for impairment 789,252 498,363 1,056,811 526,369 564,304 647,901 Acquired with deteriorated credit quality 4,887 214 5,013 — — — Ending balance $ 802,171 $ 498,577 $ 1,061,824 $ 526,369 $ 564,304 $ 654,669 Real Estate – Construction and Development Real Estate – Real Estate – Total December 31, 2019 Period-end allocation: Loans individually evaluated for impairment (1) $ 204 $ 953 $ 3,704 $ 7,162 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 5,791 8,713 6,799 31,027 Ending balance $ 5,995 $ 9,666 $ 10,503 $ 38,189 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment (1) $ 1,605 $ 19,759 $ 46,311 $ 82,475 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,532,786 4,256,397 2,737,095 12,609,278 Acquired with deteriorated credit quality 14,671 76,883 25,055 126,723 Ending balance $ 1,549,062 $ 4,353,039 $ 2,808,461 $ 12,818,476 (1) At December 31, 2019, loans individually evaluated for impairment includes all nonaccrual loans greater than $100,000 and all troubled debt restructurings greater than $100,000, including all troubled debt restructurings and not only those currently classified as troubled debt restructurings. (dollars in thousands) Commercial, Consumer Mortgage Warehouse Municipal Premium Finance Three Months Ended Balance, March 31, 2019 $ 2,190 $ 3,936 $ 640 $ 508 $ 1,830 Provision for loan losses 717 334 — (6) 1,369 Loans charged off (473) (1,171) — — (865) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 38 |