LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | NOTE 3 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Loans are stated at amortized cost. Balances within the major loans receivable categories are presented in the following table: (dollars in thousands) March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 2,722,180 $ 2,679,403 Consumer 349,775 384,037 Indirect automobile 83,466 108,648 Mortgage warehouse 958,418 1,038,924 Municipal 505,515 509,151 Premium finance 947,257 1,023,479 Real estate – construction and development 2,144,605 2,086,438 Real estate – commercial and farmland 7,721,732 7,604,867 Real estate – residential 4,564,923 4,420,306 $ 19,997,871 $ 19,855,253 Accrued interest receivable on loans is reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets totaling $68.0 million and $69.3 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company had no recorded allowance for credit related to accrued interest on loans at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Nonaccrual and Past-Due Loans A loan is placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s judgment, the collection of the interest income appears doubtful. Interest receivable that has been accrued and is subsequently determined to have doubtful collectability is charged to interest income. Interest on loans that are classified as nonaccrual is subsequently applied to principal until the loans are returned to accrual status. The Company’s loan policy states that a nonaccrual loan may be returned to accrual status when (i) none of its principal and interest is due and unpaid, and the Company expects repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest, or (ii) it otherwise becomes well secured and in the process of collection. Restoration to accrual status on any given loan must be supported by a well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and the prospects for full repayment, approved by the Company’s Chief Credit Officer. Past-due loans are loans whose principal or interest is past due 30 days or more. In some cases, where borrowers are experiencing financial difficulties, loans may be restructured to provide terms significantly different from the original contractual terms. The following table presents an analysis of loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis: (dollars in thousands) March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 11,583 $ 11,094 Consumer 400 420 Indirect automobile 285 346 Real estate – construction and development 548 523 Real estate – commercial and farmland 14,416 13,203 Real estate – residential (1) 115,795 109,222 $ 143,027 $ 134,808 (1) Included in real estate - residential were $75.0 million and $69.6 million of serviced GNMA-guaranteed nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. There was no interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The following table presents an analysis of nonaccrual loans with no related allowance for credit losses: (dollars in thousands) March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 1,452 $ 33 Real estate – commercial and farmland 2,510 1,464 Real estate – residential 67,535 58,734 $ 71,497 $ 60,231 The following table presents an analysis of past-due loans as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022: (dollars in thousands) Loans Loans Loans 90 Total Current Total Loans 90 March 31, 2023 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 12,302 $ 5,307 $ 13,381 $ 30,990 $ 2,691,190 $ 2,722,180 $ 3,969 Consumer 5,314 2,835 632 8,781 340,994 349,775 409 Indirect automobile 190 122 157 469 82,997 83,466 Mortgage warehouse — — — — 958,418 958,418 — Municipal — — — — 505,515 505,515 — Premium finance 9,922 6,102 11,414 27,438 919,819 947,257 11,414 Real estate – construction and development 1,727 — 463 2,190 2,142,415 2,144,605 — Real estate – commercial and farmland 6,723 5,801 10,887 23,411 7,698,321 7,721,732 — Real estate – residential 33,775 9,199 111,706 154,680 4,410,243 4,564,923 — Total $ 69,953 $ 29,366 $ 148,640 $ 247,959 $ 19,749,912 $ 19,997,871 $ 15,792 December 31, 2022 Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 16,219 $ 5,451 $ 11,632 $ 33,302 $ 2,646,101 $ 2,679,403 $ 3,267 Consumer 2,539 3,163 741 6,443 377,594 384,037 472 Indirect automobile 466 77 267 810 107,838 108,648 — Mortgage warehouse — — — — 1,038,924 1,038,924 — Municipal — — — — 509,151 509,151 — Premium finance 13,859 10,620 13,626 38,105 985,374 1,023,479 13,626 Real estate – construction and development 25,367 3,829 966 30,162 2,056,276 2,086,438 500 Real estate – commercial and farmland 1,738 168 10,223 12,129 7,592,738 7,604,867 — Real estate – residential 35,015 11,329 106,170 152,514 4,267,792 4,420,306 — Total $ 95,203 $ 34,637 $ 143,625 $ 273,465 $ 19,581,788 $ 19,855,253 $ 17,865 Collateral-Dependent Loans Collateral-dependent loans are loans where repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. If the Company determines that foreclosure is probable, these loans are written down to the lower of cost or fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. When repayment is expected to be from the operation of the collateral, the allowance for credit losses is calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the financial asset exceeds the present value of expected cash flows from the operation of the collateral. The Company may, in the alternative, measure the allowance for credit loss as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the financial asset exceeds the estimated fair value of the collateral. The following table presents an analysis of individually evaluated collateral-dependent financial assets and related allowance for credit losses: March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) Balance Allowance for Credit Losses Balance Allowance for Credit Losses Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 8,451 $ 5,740 $ 7,128 $ 6,294 Mortgage warehouse 16,500 — — — Premium finance 694 — 3,233 — Real estate – construction and development 280 23 780 13 Real estate – commercial and farmland 12,554 1,104 15,168 1,428 Real estate – residential 18,683 2,093 15,464 2,066 $ 57,162 $ 8,960 $ 41,773 $ 9,801 Credit Quality Indicators The Company uses a nine category risk grading system to assign a risk grade to each loan in the portfolio. The following is a description of the general characteristics of the grades: Pass (Grades 1 - 5) – These grades represent acceptable credit risk to the Company based on factors including creditworthiness of the borrower, current performance and nature of the collateral. Other Assets Especially Mentioned (Grade 6) – This grade includes loans that exhibit potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Substandard (Grade 7) – This grade represents loans which are inadequately protected by the current credit worthiness and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. These assets exhibit a well-defined weakness or are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. These weaknesses may be characterized by past due performance, operating losses or questionable collateral values. Doubtful (Grade 8) – This grade includes loans which exhibit all of the characteristics of a substandard loan with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable or improbable. Loss (Grade 9) – This grade is assigned to loans which are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as active assets of the Bank is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing it off. The following tables present the loan portfolio's amortized cost by class of financing receivable, risk grade and year of origination (in thousands) as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Generally, current period renewals of credit are underwritten again at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for purposes of the tables below. The Company had an immaterial amount of revolving loans which converted to term loans and the amortized cost basis of those loans is included in the applicable origination year. There were no loans risk graded 8 or 9 at March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. As of March 31, 2023 Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Commercial, Financial and Agricultural Risk Grade: Pass $ 334,129 $ 988,365 $ 485,629 $ 154,912 $ 95,530 $ 84,470 $ 556,049 $ 2,699,084 6 — 89 67 194 173 2,145 363 3,031 7 5,683 1,736 2,806 1,196 3,576 2,973 2,095 20,065 Total commercial, financial and agricultural $ 339,812 $ 990,190 $ 488,502 $ 156,302 $ 99,279 $ 89,588 $ 558,507 $ 2,722,180 Current-period gross charge offs 150 7,226 3,457 597 368 410 25 12,233 Consumer Risk Grade: Pass $ 23,767 $ 27,439 $ 10,479 $ 34,256 $ 21,350 $ 28,171 $ 202,965 $ 348,427 6 — 25 — 2 — 95 197 319 7 — 83 30 203 152 439 122 1,029 Total consumer $ 23,767 $ 27,547 $ 10,509 $ 34,461 $ 21,502 $ 28,705 $ 203,284 $ 349,775 Current-period gross charge offs — 71 44 416 147 405 57 1,140 Indirect Automobile Risk Grade: Pass $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 10,128 $ 72,628 $ — $ 82,756 6 — — — — — 8 — 8 7 — — — — 38 664 — 702 Total indirect automobile $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 10,166 $ 73,300 $ — $ 83,466 Current-period gross charge offs — — — — — 34 — 34 Mortgage Warehouse Risk Grade: Pass $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 882,183 $ 882,183 6 — — — — — — 57,578 57,578 7 — — — — — — 18,657 18,657 Total mortgage warehouse $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 958,418 $ 958,418 Current-period gross charge offs — — — — — — — — Municipal Risk Grade: Pass $ 2,544 $ 18,003 $ 53,717 $ 186,274 $ 8,749 $ 236,228 $ — $ 505,515 Total municipal $ 2,544 $ 18,003 $ 53,717 $ 186,274 $ 8,749 $ 236,228 $ — $ 505,515 Current-period gross charge offs — — — — — — — — Premium Finance Risk Grade: Pass $ 423,901 $ 505,791 $ 6,145 $ 6 $ — $ — $ — $ 935,843 7 20 11,336 58 — — — — 11,414 Total premium finance $ 423,921 $ 517,127 $ 6,203 $ 6 $ — $ — $ — $ 947,257 Current-period gross charge offs — 1,154 267 — — — — 1,421 As of March 31, 2023 Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Real Estate – Construction and Development Risk Grade: Pass $ 81,481 $ 900,977 $ 757,046 $ 263,122 $ 67,158 $ 37,665 $ 24,214 $ 2,131,663 6 — — — — — 632 — 632 7 — 274 285 164 5 11,582 — 12,310 Total real estate – construction and development $ 81,481 $ 901,251 $ 757,331 $ 263,286 $ 67,163 $ 49,879 $ 24,214 $ 2,144,605 Current-period gross charge offs — — — — — — — — Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland Risk Grade: Pass $ 172,639 $ 1,812,054 $ 1,967,480 $ 1,073,741 $ 858,980 $ 1,649,014 $ 95,182 $ 7,629,090 6 — — — — 30,335 20,073 — 50,408 7 — 423 2,423 3,056 11,758 24,574 — 42,234 Total real estate – commercial and farmland $ 172,639 $ 1,812,477 $ 1,969,903 $ 1,076,797 $ 901,073 $ 1,693,661 $ 95,182 $ 7,721,732 Current-period gross charge offs — — — — — — — — Real Estate - Residential Risk Grade: Pass $ 208,784 $ 1,498,532 $ 1,198,924 $ 539,228 $ 262,709 $ 491,267 $ 240,227 $ 4,439,671 6 — 235 144 268 745 2,597 378 4,367 7 109 10,186 24,809 28,094 26,597 29,405 1,685 120,885 Total real estate - residential $ 208,893 $ 1,508,953 $ 1,223,877 $ 567,590 $ 290,051 $ 523,269 $ 242,290 $ 4,564,923 Current-period gross charge offs 24 — — — — 100 4 128 Total Loans Risk Grade: Pass $ 1,247,245 $ 5,751,161 $ 4,479,420 $ 2,251,539 $ 1,324,604 $ 2,599,443 $ 2,000,820 $ 19,654,232 6 — 349 211 464 31,253 25,550 58,516 116,343 7 5,812 24,038 30,411 32,713 42,126 69,637 22,559 227,296 Total loans $ 1,253,057 $ 5,775,548 $ 4,510,042 $ 2,284,716 $ 1,397,983 $ 2,694,630 $ 2,081,895 $ 19,997,871 Total current-period gross charge offs 174 8,451 3,768 1,013 515 949 86 14,956 As of December 31, 2022 Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total Commercial, Financial and Agricultural Risk Grade: Pass $ 1,127,120 $ 526,043 $ 174,120 $ 109,091 $ 56,657 $ 41,612 $ 621,784 $ 2,656,427 6 — 13 94 183 895 1,774 317 3,276 7 8,565 1,214 1,182 3,314 545 2,759 2,121 19,700 Total commercial, financial and agricultural $ 1,135,685 $ 527,270 $ 175,396 $ 112,588 $ 58,097 $ 46,145 $ 624,222 $ 2,679,403 Consumer Risk Grade: Pass $ 41,487 $ 12,692 $ 37,906 $ 23,454 $ 17,144 $ 13,825 $ 236,113 $ 382,621 6 38 — — — — 98 196 332 7 68 62 216 106 118 431 83 1,084 Total consumer $ 41,593 $ 12,754 $ 38,122 $ 23,560 $ 17,262 $ 14,354 $ 236,392 $ 384,037 Indirect Automobile Risk Grade: Pass $ — $ — $ — $ 11,900 $ 50,749 $ 45,120 $ — $ 107,769 6 — — — — — 11 — 11 7 — — — 41 149 678 — 868 Total indirect automobile $ — $ — $ — $ 11,941 $ 50,898 $ 45,809 $ — $ 108,648 Mortgage Warehouse Risk Grade: Pass $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 990,106 $ 990,106 6 — — — — — — 22,831 22,831 7 — — — — — — 25,987 25,987 Total mortgage warehouse $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,038,924 $ 1,038,924 Municipal Risk Grade: Pass $ 18,074 $ 46,809 $ 188,507 $ 9,752 $ 4,358 $ 241,651 $ — $ 509,151 Total municipal $ 18,074 $ 46,809 $ 188,507 $ 9,752 $ 4,358 $ 241,651 $ — $ 509,151 Premium Finance Risk Grade: Pass $ 1,000,214 $ 9,667 $ 12 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,009,893 7 13,051 535 — — — — — 13,586 Total premium finance $ 1,013,265 $ 10,202 $ 12 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,023,479 Real Estate – Construction and Development Risk Grade: Pass $ 834,831 $ 793,723 $ 306,084 $ 69,596 $ 7,934 $ 31,490 $ 27,474 $ 2,071,132 6 277 — — — 173 165 — 615 7 — 783 164 5 13,159 580 — 14,691 Total real estate – construction and development $ 835,108 $ 794,506 $ 306,248 $ 69,601 $ 21,266 $ 32,235 $ 27,474 $ 2,086,438 As of December 31, 2022 Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland Risk Grade: Pass $ 1,739,021 $ 1,975,003 $ 1,085,086 $ 869,116 $ 447,311 $ 1,259,763 $ 110,848 $ 7,486,148 6 607 17,974 — 30,841 4,801 18,289 — 72,512 7 387 2,810 3,078 12,007 6,527 21,398 — 46,207 Total real estate – commercial and farmland $ 1,740,015 $ 1,995,787 $ 1,088,164 $ 911,964 $ 458,639 $ 1,299,450 $ 110,848 $ 7,604,867 Real Estate - Residential Risk Grade: Pass $ 1,524,021 $ 1,214,724 $ 548,968 $ 268,821 $ 115,693 $ 393,570 $ 234,684 $ 4,300,481 6 236 145 94 688 364 2,910 600 5,037 7 6,735 21,283 25,860 27,173 14,396 17,665 1,676 114,788 Total real estate - residential $ 1,530,992 $ 1,236,152 $ 574,922 $ 296,682 $ 130,453 $ 414,145 $ 236,960 $ 4,420,306 Total Loans Risk Grade: Pass $ 6,284,768 $ 4,578,661 $ 2,340,683 $ 1,361,730 $ 699,846 $ 2,027,031 $ 2,221,009 $ 19,513,728 6 1,158 18,132 188 31,712 6,233 23,247 23,944 104,614 7 28,806 26,687 30,500 42,646 34,894 43,511 29,867 236,911 Total loans $ 6,314,732 $ 4,623,480 $ 2,371,371 $ 1,436,088 $ 740,973 $ 2,093,789 $ 2,274,820 $ 19,855,253 Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans The allowance for credit losses represents an allowance for expected losses over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications. The Company segregates the loan portfolio by type of loan and utilizes this segregation in evaluating exposure to risks within the portfolio. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the collection of a loan’s principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries are credited to the allowance. Consumer loans are charged off in accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s (the “FFIEC”) Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy. Commercial loans are charged off when they are deemed uncollectible, which usually involves a triggering event within the collection effort. If the loan is collateral dependent, the loss is more easily identified and is charged off when it is identified, usually based upon receipt of an appraisal. However, when a loan has guarantor support, the Company may carry the estimated loss as a reserve against the loan while collection efforts with the guarantor are pursued. If, after collection efforts with the guarantor are complete, the deficiency is still considered uncollectible, the loss is charged off and any further collections are treated as recoveries. In all situations, when a loan is downgraded to an Asset Quality Rating of 9 (Loss per the regulatory guidance), the uncollectible portion is charged off. The Company’s methodologies for estimating the allowance for credit losses consider available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The methodologies apply historical loss information, adjusted for asset-specific characteristics, economic conditions at the measurement date, and forecasts about future economic conditions expected to exist through the contractual lives of the financial assets that are reasonable and supportable, to the identified pools of loans with similar risk characteristics for which the historical loss experience was observed. The Company utilizes a one year reasonable and supportable forecast period. The Company’s methodologies revert back to historical loss information on a straight-line basis over four quarters after the reasonable and supportable forecast period. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the allowance for credit losses increased due to a decline in forecasted macroeconomic factors, particularly residential and commercial real estate price indices and organic loan growth during the period. The allowance for credit losses was determined at March 31, 2023 using a weighting of two economic forecasts from Moody's in order to align with management's best estimate over the reasonable and supportable forecast period. The Moody's baseline scenario was weighted at 75% and the upside 10th percentile S-1 scenario was weighted at 25%. The allowance for credit losses was determined at December 31, 2022 solely using the Moody's baseline scenario economic forecast. The current forecast reflects, among other things, declines in forecast levels of home prices and commercial real estate prices compared with the forecast at December 31, 2022. The following tables detail activity and end of period balances in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the periods indicated. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands) Commercial, Consumer Indirect Automobile Mortgage Warehouse Municipal Premium Finance Balance, December 31, 2022 $ 39,455 $ 5,413 $ 174 $ 2,118 $ 357 $ 1,025 Adjustment to allowance for adoption of ASU 2022-02 (105) — — — — — Provision for loan losses 16,078 323 (219) (194) (3) (93) Loans charged off (12,233) (1,140) (34) — — (1,421) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 2,043 297 216 — — 1,382 Balance, March 31, 2023 $ 45,238 $ 4,893 $ 137 $ 1,924 $ 354 $ 893 Real Estate – Construction and Development Real Estate – Real Estate – Total Balance, December 31, 2022 $ 32,659 $ 67,433 $ 57,043 $ 205,677 Adjustment to allowance for adoption of ASU 2022-02 (37) (722) (847) (1,711) Provision for loan losses 10,119 20,369 2,996 49,376 Loans charged off — — (128) (14,956) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 100 44 190 4,272 Balance, March 31, 2023 $ 42,841 $ 87,124 $ 59,254 $ 242,658 Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) Commercial, Consumer Indirect Automobile Mortgage Warehouse Municipal Premium Finance Balance, December 31, 2021 $ 26,829 $ 6,097 $ 476 $ 3,231 $ 401 $ 2,729 Provision for loan losses 215 789 (290) (221) (17) (92) Loans charged off (4,414) (1,425) (88) — — (1,369) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 2,896 158 275 — — 1,247 Balance, March 31, 2022 $ 25,526 $ 5,619 $ 373 $ 3,010 $ 384 $ 2,515 Real Estate – Construction and Development Real Estate – Real Estate – Total Balance, December 31, 2021 $ 22,045 $ 77,831 $ 27,943 $ 167,582 Provision for loan losses 4,568 (9,552) 1,866 (2,734) Loans charged off — (1,283) — (8,579) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 218 37 151 4,982 Balance, March 31, 2022 $ 26,831 $ 67,033 $ 29,960 $ 161,251 Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The Company periodically provides modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. These modifications include either payment deferrals, term extensions, interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness or combinations of modification types. The determination of whether the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of the modification. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of principal forgiveness is charged off against the allowance for credit losses with a corresponding reduction in the amortized cost basis of the loan. The following table shows the amortized cost basis of the loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and type of concession granted: (dollars in thousands) Payment Deferral Total Percentage of Total Class of Financial Receivable Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 843 $ 843 — % Total $ 843 $ 843 — % The Company does not have any commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for which the Company has modified their loans. The following table describes the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty: Payment Deferral Loan Type Financial Effect Commercial, financial and agricultural Payments were reduced approximately 32% for three months before returning to a fully amortizing payment structure thereafter. The Company monitors the performance of the loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified in the last 12 months: (dollars in thousands) Current 30-59 60-89 90 or More Days Past Due Commercial, financial and agricultural $ 843 $ — $ — $ — Total $ 843 $ — $ — $ — |