UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
The Registrant meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction H (1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-Q and is therefore filing this Form with the reduced disclosure format.
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2008
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number: 000-31248
ALLSTATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Illinois |
| 36-2554642 |
(State of Incorporation) |
| (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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3100 Sanders Road |
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Northbrook, Illinois |
| 60062 |
(Address of principal executive offices) |
| (Zip code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (847) 402-5000
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes x | No o |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer x | Smaller reporting company o |
(Do not check if a smaller |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o | No x |
As of August 8, 2008, the registrant had 23,800 common shares, $227 par value, outstanding, all of which are held by Allstate Insurance Company.
ALLSTATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
INDEX TO QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
June 30, 2008
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PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
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Item 1. | Financial Statements |
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| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three-Month and Six-Month Periods Ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 (unaudited) | 1 |
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| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of June 30, 2008 (unaudited) and December 31, 2007 | 2 |
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| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six-Month Periods Ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 (unaudited) | 3 |
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| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 4 |
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| Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 19 |
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 20 |
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Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 52 |
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PART II | OTHER INFORMATION |
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Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 53 |
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Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 53 |
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Item 6. | Exhibits | 53 |
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ALLSTATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
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| Three Months Ended |
| Six Months Ended |
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($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
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| (Unaudited) |
| (Unaudited) |
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Revenues |
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Premiums |
| $ | 126 |
| $ | 122 |
| $ | 237 |
| $ | 277 |
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Contract charges |
| 246 |
| 230 |
| 487 |
| 458 |
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Net investment income |
| 922 |
| 1,053 |
| 1,914 |
| 2,083 |
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Realized capital gains and losses |
| (932 | ) | 104 |
| (1,360 | ) | 126 |
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| 362 |
| 1,509 |
| 1,278 |
| 2,944 |
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Costs and expenses |
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Contract benefits |
| 343 |
| 331 |
| 684 |
| 705 |
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Interest credited to contractholder funds |
| 549 |
| 660 |
| 1,159 |
| 1,295 |
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Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs |
| (56 | ) | 166 |
| (6 | ) | 281 |
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Operating costs and expenses |
| 101 |
| 73 |
| 191 |
| 160 |
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Restructuring and related charges |
| — |
| (1 | ) | — |
| (1 | ) | ||||
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| 937 |
| 1,229 |
| 2,028 |
| 2,440 |
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Gain (loss) on disposition of operations |
| — |
| 2 |
| (9 | ) | 3 |
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(Loss) income from operations before income tax (benefit) expense |
| (575 | ) | 282 |
| (759 | ) | 507 |
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Income tax (benefit) expense |
| (207 | ) | 95 |
| (276 | ) | 171 |
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Net (loss) income |
| $ | (368 | ) | $ | 187 |
| $ | (483 | ) | $ | 336 |
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See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
1
ALLSTATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
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| June 30, |
| December 31, |
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($ in millions, except par value data) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
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| (Unaudited) |
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Assets |
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Investments |
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Fixed income securities, at fair value (amortized cost $52,885 and $58,020) |
| $ | 51,873 |
| $ | 58,469 |
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Mortgage loans |
| 9,739 |
| 9,901 |
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Equity securities, at fair value (cost $150 and $102) |
| 150 |
| 102 |
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Limited partnership interests |
| 1,150 |
| 994 |
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Short-term |
| 5,599 |
| 386 |
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Policy loans |
| 773 |
| 770 |
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Other |
| 1,471 |
| 1,792 |
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Total investments |
| 70,755 |
| 72,414 |
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Cash |
| 224 |
| 185 |
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Deferred policy acquisition costs |
| 4,738 |
| 3,905 |
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Reinsurance recoverables |
| 3,445 |
| 3,410 |
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Accrued investment income |
| 598 |
| 652 |
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Other assets |
| 957 |
| 622 |
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Deferred income taxes |
| 149 |
| — |
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Separate Accounts |
| 12,438 |
| 14,929 |
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Total assets |
| $ | 93,304 |
| $ | 96,117 |
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Liabilities |
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Contractholder funds |
| $ | 60,886 |
| $ | 60,464 |
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Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits |
| 12,348 |
| 12,598 |
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Unearned premiums |
| 32 |
| 33 |
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Payable to affiliates, net |
| 136 |
| 206 |
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Other liabilities and accrued expenses |
| 2,929 |
| 2,823 |
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Deferred income taxes |
| — |
| 101 |
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Long-term debt |
| 250 |
| 200 |
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Separate Accounts |
| 12,438 |
| 14,929 |
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Total liabilities |
| 89,019 |
| 91,354 |
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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Note 6) |
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Shareholder’s Equity |
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Redeemable preferred stock – series A, $100 par value, 1,500,000 shares authorized, none issued |
| — |
| — |
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Redeemable preferred stock – series B, $100 par value, 1,500,000 shares authorized, none issued |
| — |
| — |
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Common stock, $227 par value, 23,800 shares authorized and outstanding |
| 5 |
| 5 |
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Additional capital paid-in |
| 1,475 |
| 1,108 |
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Retained income |
| 3,251 |
| 3,734 |
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Accumulated other comprehensive income: |
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Unrealized net capital gains and losses |
| (446 | ) | (84 | ) | ||
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Total accumulated other comprehensive loss |
| (446 | ) | (84 | ) | ||
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Total shareholder’s equity |
| 4,285 |
| 4,763 |
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Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity |
| $ | 93,304 |
| $ | 96,117 |
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See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
ALLSTATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
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| Six Months Ended |
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| June 30, |
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($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
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| (Unaudited) |
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Cash flows from operating activities |
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Net (loss) income |
| $ | (483 | ) | $ | 336 |
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Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |
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Amortization and other non-cash items |
| (183 | ) | (145 | ) | ||
Realized capital gains and losses |
| 1,360 |
| (126 | ) | ||
Loss (gain) on disposition of operations |
| 9 |
| (3 | ) | ||
Interest credited to contractholder funds |
| 1,159 |
| 1,295 |
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Changes in: |
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Contract benefit and other insurance reserves |
| (323 | ) | (105 | ) | ||
Unearned premiums |
| (2 | ) | (1 | ) | ||
Deferred policy acquisition costs |
| (309 | ) | 27 |
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Reinsurance recoverables, net |
| 2 |
| (145 | ) | ||
Income taxes |
| (249 | ) | 29 |
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Other operating assets and liabilities |
| (54 | ) | (60 | ) | ||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
| 927 |
| 1,102 |
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Cash flows from investing activities |
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Proceeds from sales: |
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Fixed income securities |
| 6,755 |
| 5,695 |
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Equity securities |
| 63 |
| 41 |
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Limited partnerships |
| 52 |
| 135 |
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Mortgage loans |
| 191 |
| — |
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Other investments |
| 127 |
| 79 |
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Investment collections: |
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Fixed income securities |
| 1,229 |
| 1,597 |
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Mortgage loans |
| 372 |
| 892 |
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Other investments |
| 67 |
| 260 |
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Investment purchases: |
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Fixed income securities |
| (3,853 | ) | (7,149 | ) | ||
Equity securities |
| (106 | ) | (44 | ) | ||
Limited partnerships |
| (219 | ) | (372 | ) | ||
Mortgage loans |
| (436 | ) | (1,314 | ) | ||
Other investments |
| (64 | ) | (459 | ) | ||
Change in short-term investments, net |
| (4,658 | ) | 74 |
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Change in other investments, net |
| (220 | ) | 83 |
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Net cash used in investing activities |
| (700 | ) | (482 | ) | ||
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Cash flows from financing activities |
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Note payable to parent |
| — |
| (500 | ) | ||
Redemption of redeemable preferred stock |
| — |
| (11 | ) | ||
Contractholder fund deposits |
| 6,844 |
| 4,722 |
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Contractholder fund withdrawals |
| (7,032 | ) | (4,933 | ) | ||
Net cash used in financing activities |
| (188 | ) | (722 | ) | ||
Net increase (decrease) in cash |
| 39 |
| (102 | ) | ||
Cash at beginning of the period |
| 185 |
| 273 |
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Cash at end of period |
| $ | 224 |
| $ | 171 |
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See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
ALLSTATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. General
Basis of presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Allstate Life Insurance Company (“ALIC”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”). ALIC is wholly owned by Allstate Insurance Company (“AIC”), a wholly owned subsidiary of The Allstate Corporation (the “Corporation”).
The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes as of June 30, 2008, and for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 are unaudited. The condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals), which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods. These condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. The results of operations for the interim periods should not be considered indicative of results to be expected for the full year.
To conform to the 2008 presentation, certain amounts in the prior year condensed consolidated financial statements and notes have been reclassified.
Premiums and Contract Charges
The following table summarizes premiums and contract charges by product.
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| Three months ended |
| Six months ended |
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| June 30, |
| June 30, |
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($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
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Premiums |
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Traditional life insurance |
| $ | 71 |
| $ | 61 |
| $ | 131 |
| $ | 130 |
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Immediate annuities with life contingencies |
| 36 |
| 52 |
| 66 |
| 129 |
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Other |
| 19 |
| 9 |
| 40 |
| 18 |
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Total premiums |
| 126 |
| 122 |
| 237 |
| 277 |
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Contract charges |
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Interest-sensitive life insurance |
| 232 |
| 210 |
| 460 |
| 420 |
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Fixed annuities |
| 13 |
| 19 |
| 26 |
| 37 |
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Variable annuities |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
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Total contract charges |
| 246 |
| 230 |
| 487 |
| 458 |
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Total premiums and contract charges |
| $ | 372 |
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| $ | 352 |
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| $ | 724 |
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| $ | 735 |
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Adopted accounting standards
Statement of Position 05-1, Accounting by Insurance Enterprises for Deferred Acquisition Costs in Connection with Modifications or Exchanges of Insurance Contracts (“SOP 05-1”)
In October 2005, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“AICPA”) issued SOP 05-1. SOP 05-1 provides accounting guidance for deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) associated with internal replacements of insurance and investment contracts other than those set forth in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 97, “Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Long-Duration Contracts and for Realized Gains and Losses from the Sale of Investments”. SOP 05-1 defines an internal replacement as a modification in product benefits, features, rights or coverages that occurs through the exchange of an existing contract for a new contract, or by amendment, endorsement or rider to an existing contract, or by the election of a feature or coverage within an existing contract. The Company adopted the provisions of SOP 05-1 on January 1, 2007 for internal replacements occurring in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The adoption resulted in an $8 million after-tax reduction to retained income to reflect the impact on estimated future gross profits (“EGP”) from the changes in accounting for certain costs associated with contract continuations that no longer
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qualify for deferral under SOP 05-1 and a reduction of DAC and deferred sales inducement balances of $13 million pre-tax as of January 1, 2007.
SFAS No. 155, Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments – an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140 (“SFAS No. 155”)
In February 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 155, which permits fair value remeasurement at the date of adoption of any hybrid financial instrument containing an embedded derivative that otherwise would require bifurcation under paragraph 12 or 13 of SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (“SFAS No. 133”); clarifies which interest-only strips and principal-only strips are not subject to the requirements of SFAS No. 133; establishes a requirement to evaluate interests in securitized financial assets to identify interests that are freestanding derivatives or hybrid financial instruments that contain embedded derivatives requiring bifurcation; and clarifies that concentrations of credit risk in the form of subordination are not embedded derivatives. The Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 155 on January 1, 2007, which were effective for all financial instruments acquired, issued or subject to a remeasurement event occurring after the beginning of the first fiscal year after September 15, 2006. The Company elected not to remeasure existing hybrid financial instruments that contained embedded derivatives requiring bifurcation at the date of adoption pursuant to paragraph 12 or 13 of SFAS No. 133. The adoption of SFAS No. 155 did not have a material effect on the results of operations or financial position of the Company.
FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 and FASB Staff Position No. FIN 48-1, Definition of Settlement in FASB Interpretation No. 48 (“FIN 48”)
The FASB issued FIN 48 in July 2006 and the related staff position in May 2007. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an entity’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”. FIN 48 requires an entity to recognize the tax benefit of uncertain tax positions only when it is more likely than not, based on the position’s technical merits, that the position would be sustained upon examination by the respective taxing authorities. The tax benefit is measured as the largest benefit that is more than fifty-percent likely of being realized upon final settlement with the respective taxing authorities. On January 1, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48, which were effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. No cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle or adjustment to the liability for unrecognized tax benefits was recognized as a result of the adoption of FIN 48. Accordingly, the adoption of FIN 48 did not have an effect on the results of operations or financial position of the Company.
SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 109, Written Loan Commitments That are Recorded At Fair Value Through Earnings (“SAB 109”)
In October 2007, the SEC issued SAB 109, a replacement of SAB 105, “Application of Accounting Principles to Loan Commitments”. SAB 109 is applicable to both loan commitments accounted for under SFAS No. 133, and other loan commitments for which the issuer elects fair value accounting under SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. SAB 109 states that the expected net future cash flows related to the servicing of a loan should be included in the fair value measurement of a loan commitment accounted for at fair value through earnings. The expected net future cash flows associated with loan servicing should be determined in accordance with the guidance in SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities”, as amended by SFAS No. 156, “Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets”. SAB 109 should be applied on a prospective basis to loan commitments accounted for under SFAS No. 133 that were issued or modified in fiscal quarters beginning after December 15, 2007. Earlier adoption was not permitted. The adoption of SAB 109 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.
SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (“SFAS No. 157”)
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, which redefines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 establishes a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the nature of the inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability. SFAS No. 157 applies where other accounting pronouncements require or permit fair value measurements. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB
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Statement No. 157” (“FSP 157-2”), which permits the deferral of the effective date of SFAS No. 157 to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008 for all non-financial assets and liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. The Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157 for financial assets and liabilities recognized or disclosed at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis as of January 1, 2008. Consistent with the provisions of FSP 157-2, the Company decided to defer the adoption of SFAS No. 157 for non-financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis until January 1, 2009. The adoption of SFAS No. 157 did not have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial position (see Note 4).
SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities – Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 (“SFAS No. 159”)
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159 which provides reporting entities, on an ongoing basis, an option to report selected financial assets, including investment securities, and financial liabilities, including most insurance contracts, at fair value through earnings. SFAS No. 159 establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons between companies that choose different measurement alternatives for similar types of financial assets and liabilities. The standard also requires additional information to aid financial statement users’ understanding of the impacts of a reporting entity’s decision to use fair value on its earnings and requires entities to display, on the face of the statement of financial position, the fair value of those assets and liabilities for which the reporting entity has chosen to measure at fair value. SFAS No. 159 was effective as of the beginning of a reporting entity’s first fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company did not apply the fair value option to any existing financial assets or liabilities as of January 1, 2008. Consequently, the initial adoption of SFAS No. 159 had no impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.
FASB Staff Position No. FIN 39-1, Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39 (“FSP FIN 39-1”)
In April 2007, the FASB issued FSP FIN 39-1, which amends FASB Interpretation No. 39, “Offsetting of Amounts Related to Certain Contracts”. FSP FIN 39-1 replaces the terms “conditional contracts” and “exchange contracts” with the term “derivative instruments” and requires a reporting entity to offset fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral against fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting arrangement that have been offset in the statement of financial position. FSP FIN 39-1 was effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of FSP FIN 39-1 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.
Pending accounting standards
SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations (“SFAS No. 141R”)
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R which replaces SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations” (“SFAS No. 141”). Among other things, SFAS No. 141R broadens the scope of SFAS No. 141 to include all transactions where an acquirer obtains control of one or more other businesses; retains the guidance to recognize intangible assets separately from goodwill; requires, with limited exceptions, that all assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including certain of those that arise from contractual contingencies, be measured at their acquisition date fair values; requires most acquisition and restructuring-related costs to be expensed as incurred; requires that step acquisitions, once control is acquired, to be recorded at the full amounts of the fair values of the identifiable assets, liabilities and the noncontrolling interest in the acquiree; and replaces the reduction of asset values and recognition of negative goodwill with a requirement to recognize a gain in earnings. The provisions of SFAS No. 141R are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008 and are to be applied prospectively only. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company will apply the provisions of SFAS 141R as required when effective.
SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – an amendment of ARB No. 51 (“SFAS No. 160”)
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160 which clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is that portion of the subsidiary’s equity that is attributable to owners of the subsidiary other than its parent or parent’s affiliates. Noncontrolling interests are required to be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements and as such net income will include amounts attributable to both the parent and the noncontrolling interest with disclosure of the amounts attributable to each on the face of the consolidated statement of operations. SFAS No. 160 requires that all changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary when control of the
6
subsidiary is retained, be accounted for as equity transactions. In contrast, SFAS No. 160 requires a parent to recognize a gain or loss in net income when control over a subsidiary is relinquished and the subsidiary is deconsolidated, as well as provide certain associated expanded disclosures. SFAS No. 160 is effective as of the beginning of a reporting entity’s first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2008. Early adoption is prohibited. SFAS No. 160 requires prospective application as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which the standard is initially applied, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements which are to be applied retrospectively for all periods presented. The adoption of SFAS No. 160 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.
SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities – an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 (“SFAS No. 161”)
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, which amends and expands the disclosure requirements for derivatives currently accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 133. The new disclosures are designed to enhance the understanding of how and why an entity uses derivative instruments and how derivative instruments affect an entity’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The standard requires, on a quarterly basis, quantitative disclosures about the potential cash outflows associated with the triggering of credit-related contingent features, if any; tabular disclosures about the classification and fair value amounts of derivative instruments reported in the statement of financial position; disclosure of the location and amount of gains and losses on derivative instruments reported in the statement of operations; and qualitative information about how and why an entity uses derivative instruments and how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect the entity’s financial statements. SFAS No. 161 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after November 15, 2008, and is to be applied on a prospective basis only. SFAS No. 161 affects disclosures and therefore will not impact the Company’s results of operations or financial position.
2. Related Party Transactions
Capital contributions
In June 2008, the Company received a capital contribution from its parent AIC of $349 million, which was recorded as additional capital paid-in on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The capital contribution included fixed income securities of $337 million, accrued investment income of $5 million and cash of $7 million. Additionally, in June 2008, the Board of Directors of AIC authorized AIC to make up to $400 million in funds available to the Company on or before September 1, 2008 through one or any combination of the following methods: by making one or more capital contributions in cash or securities, by providing a guaranty or guaranties, or by purchasing one or more surplus notes or other securities.
The Company and AIC have a Capital Support Agreement that went into effect in 2007. Under the terms of this agreement, AIC agrees to provide capital to maintain the amount of statutory capital and surplus necessary to maintain a company action level risk-based capital (“RBC”) ratio of at least 150%. AIC’s obligation to provide capital to the Company under the agreement is limited to an aggregate amount of $1 billion. Discretionary capital contributions made by AIC outside of the terms of this agreement, including the $349 million contribution made in June 2008, do not reduce AIC’s $1 billion obligation. In exchange for providing this capital, the Company will pay AIC an annual commitment fee of 1% of the amount of the Capital and Surplus maximum that remains available on January 1 of such year. The Company or AIC have the right to terminate this agreement when: 1) the Company qualifies for a financial strength rating from Standard and Poor’s, Moody’s or A.M. Best, without giving weight to the existence of this agreement, that is the same or better than its rating with such support; or 2) the Company’s RBC ratio is at least 300% or 3) AIC no longer directly or indirectly owns at least 50% of the voting stock of the Company. At June 30, 2008, no capital had been provided by AIC under this agreement.
Reinsurance transactions
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company’s coinsurance reinsurance agreement with its unconsolidated affiliate American Heritage Life Insurance Company (“AHL”), which went into effect in 2004, was amended to include the assumption by the Company of certain accident and health insurance policies. In accordance with this amendment, the Company recorded cash of $16 million, a premium installment receivable of $5 million, DAC of $32 million, reserves for life-contingent contract benefits of $24 million and accrued liabilities of $2 million. Since the Company received assets in excess of net liabilities from an affiliate under common control, the Company recognized a gain of
7
$27 million ($18 million after-tax), which was recorded as a non-cash capital contribution resulting in an increase to additional capital paid-in on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
Debt
On May 28, 2008, under an existing agreement with Kennett Capital, Inc. (“Kennett”), an unconsolidated affiliate of ALIC, ALIC sold Kennett a $50 million redeemable surplus note issued by ALIC Reinsurance Company (“ALIC Re”), a wholly owned subsidiary of ALIC. The surplus note is due June 1, 2038 with an initial rate of 5.93% that will reset every ten years to the then current ten year Constant Maturity Treasury yield (“CMT”), plus 2.09%. As payment, Kennett issued a full recourse note due June 1, 2038 to ALIC for the same amount with an initial interest rate of 5.73% that will reset every ten years to the then current ten year CMT, plus 1.89%. The note due from Kennett is classified as other investments and the related surplus note is classified as long-term debt in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
Effective May 8, 2008, the Company, AIC and the Corporation entered into a one-year Amended and Restated Intercompany Liquidity Agreement (“Liquidity Agreement”) replacing the Intercompany Liquidity Agreement between the Company and AIC, dated January 1, 2008. The agreement allows for short-term advances of funds to be made between parties for liquidity and other general corporate purposes. It shall be automatically renewed for subsequent one-year terms unless terminated by the parties. The Liquidity Agreement does not establish a commitment to advance funds on the part of either party. The Company and AIC each serve as a lender and borrower and the Corporation serves only as a lender. The maximum amount of advances each party may make or receive is limited to $1 billion. Netting or offsetting of advances made and received is not permitted. Advances between the parties are required to have specified due dates less than or equal to 364 days from the date of the advance and be payable upon demand by written request from the lender at least ten business days prior to the demand date. The borrower may make prepayments of the outstanding principal balance of an advance without penalty. Advances will bear interest equal to or greater than the rate applicable to 30-day commercial paper issued by the Corporation on the date the advance is made with an adjustment on the first day of each month thereafter.
3. Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Non-cash investment exchanges and modifications, which primarily reflect refinancings of fixed income securities and mergers completed with equity securities and limited partnerships, totaled $9 million and $29 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Liabilities for collateral received in conjunction with the Company’s securities lending and other business activities and for funds received from the Company’s security repurchase business activities are reported in either other liabilities and accrued expenses or other invested assets as permitted under FSP FIN 39-1 in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The accompanying cash flows are included in cash flows from operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows along with the activities resulting from management of the proceeds, which are as follows:
|
| Six months ended |
| ||||||
|
| June 30, |
| ||||||
($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| ||||
Net change in fixed income securities |
| $ | 236 |
| $ | (732 | ) | ||
Net change in short-term investments |
| (527 | ) | (446 | ) | ||||
Operating cash flow used |
| $ | (291 | ) | $ | (1,178 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Liabilities for collateral and security repurchase, beginning of year |
| $ | (1,817 | ) | $ | (2,294 | ) | ||
Liabilities for collateral and security repurchase, end of period |
| (2,108 | ) | (3,472 | ) | ||||
Operating cash flow provided |
| $ | 291 |
|
| $ | 1,178 |
|
|
4. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
The measurement basis for a significant amount of the Company’s financial assets is fair value. Financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis include:
8
Financial Assets Primarily investments including U.S. treasuries, U.S. equities, international equities, money market funds, corporates, municipals, U.S. government and agencies, commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), preferred stock, mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), foreign governments, asset-backed securities (“ABS”), commercial paper, derivatives (exchange traded and over-the-counter (“OTC”)), and separate account assets.
Financial Liabilities Primarily free-standing derivatives (exchange listed and OTC) and derivatives embedded in certain contractholder liabilities.
Financial instruments measured at fair value on a non–recurring basis include:
Financial Assets Primarily mortgage loans and other investments written-down to fair value in connection with recognizing other–than–temporary impairments.
Financial Liabilities Includes certain reserves on a closed block of policies expected to be transferred through a future reinsurance agreement to an unrelated third party.
SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157 as of January 1, 2008 for its financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value. SFAS No. 157:
· Defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, and establishes a framework for measuring fair value;
· Establishes a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation as of the measurement date;
· Expands disclosures about financial instruments measured at fair value.
In determining fair value, the Company principally uses the market approach which generally utilizes market data for the same or similar instruments. To a lesser extent, the Company uses the income approach which involves determining fair values from discounted cash flow methodologies. SFAS No. 157 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in determining fair value that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Certain financial assets are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis, including investments such as mortgage loans, limited partnership interests, bank loans and policy loans, and thus are only categorized in the fair value hierarchy when held at fair value on a non-recurring basis. In addition, equity options embedded in fixed income securities are not disclosed in the hierarchy with free-standing derivatives as the embedded derivatives are presented as combined instruments in fixed income securities.
Observable inputs are those used by market participants in valuing financial instruments that are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. In the absence of sufficient observable inputs, unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s estimates of the assumptions market participants would use in valuing financial assets and financial liabilities and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
Pursuant to SFAS No. 157, fair value is a market-based measure, considered from the perspective of a market participant who owns an asset or owes a liability. Accordingly, when market observable data is not readily available, the Company’s own assumptions are set to reflect those that market participants would be presumed to use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The Company uses prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date, including during periods of market disruption. In periods of market disruption, the ability to observe prices and inputs may be reduced for many instruments. This condition could cause an instrument to be reclassified from Level 1 to Level 2, or from Level 2 to Level 3.
Financial assets and financial liabilities recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at fair value are categorized based on the reliability of inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:
Level 1 Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that the Company can access.
Level 2 Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on the following:
9
a) Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;
b) Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets; or
c) Valuation models whose inputs are observable, directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability
Level 3 Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. These inputs may reflect the Company’s estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the financial assets and financial liabilities.
The availability of observable inputs varies by instrument. In situations where fair value is based on internally developed pricing models or inputs that are unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. The degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is typically greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In many instances, inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is categorized is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
Summary of Significant Valuation Techniques for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities on a Recurring Basis
Level 1 Measurements
Fixed Income Securities: U.S. treasuries are in Level 1 and valuation is based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets that the Company can access.
Equity Securities: Comprise actively traded, exchange listed U.S. and international equity securities. Valuation is based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets that the Company can access.
Short-term: Comprise actively traded money market funds that have daily quoted net asset values for identical assets that the Company can access.
Separate Account Assets: Comprise actively traded mutual funds that have daily quoted net asset values for identical assets that the Company can access. Net asset values for the actively traded mutual funds in which the separate account assets are invested are obtained daily from the fund managers.
Level 2 Measurements
Fixed Income Securities:
Corporate, including privately placed: Valued based on inputs including quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active. Also includes privately placed securities totaling $3.8 billion that are valued based on market-observable external ratings from independent third party rating agencies.
Municipal: Externally rated municipals are valued based on inputs including quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active. Included in municipals are $8 million of auction rate securities (“ARS”) other than those backed by student loans. ARS backed by student loans are included in Level 3.
U.S. Government and Agencies: Valued based on inputs including quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active.
CMBS: Valuation is principally based on inputs including quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active and are categorized as Level 2.
Preferred Stock; MBS; Foreign Government; ABS – credit card and auto loans: Valued based on inputs including quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active.
Short-term: Commercial paper and other short-term are valued based on inputs including amortized cost, which approximates fair value, and quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active.
Other Investments: Free-standing exchange listed derivatives that are not actively traded are valued based on quoted prices for identical instruments in markets that are not active.
10
OTC derivatives including interest rate swaps, foreign currency swaps, foreign exchange forward contracts, certain credit default swaps, and commodity swaps are valued using models that rely on inputs such as interest rate yield curves, currency rates, counterparty credit risk, and commodity prices that are observable for substantially the full term of the contract. The valuation techniques underlying the models are widely accepted in the financial services industry and do not involve significant judgment.
Contractholder Funds: Derivatives embedded in certain annuity contracts are valued based on internal models that rely on inputs such as interest rate yield curves and equity index volatility assumptions that are market observable for substantially the full term of the contract. The valuation techniques are widely accepted in the financial services industry and do not include significant judgment.
Level 3 Measurements
Fixed Income Securities
Corporate: Valued based on non–binding broker quotes and are categorized as Level 3.
Corporate Privately Placed Securities: Valued based on non-binding broker quotes and models that are widely accepted in the financial services industry and use internally assigned credit ratings as inputs and instrument specific inputs. Instrument specific inputs used in internal fair value determinations include: coupon rate, weighted average life, sector of the issuer and call provisions. Privately placed securities are categorized as Level 3 as a result of the significance of non-market observable inputs. The $10.8 billion of privately placed fixed income securities included in Level 3 comprise $9.3 billion valued using an internal model and $1.5 billion valued using non-binding broker quotes. The internally modeled securities are valued based on internal ratings, which are not observable in the market. Multiple internal ratings comprise a National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) rating category and when used in the internal model provide a more refined determination of fair value. The Company’s internal ratings are primarily consistent with the NAIC ratings which are generally updated annually.
ABS RMBS; Alt–A Residential Mortgage-backed Securities (“Alt-A”): ABS RMBS and Alt-A are principally valued based on inputs including quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that exhibit less liquidity relative to those markets supporting Level 2 fair value measurements. Certain ABS RMBS and Alt-A are valued based on non-binding broker quotes. Due to the reduced availability of actual market prices or relevant observable inputs as a result of the decrease in liquidity that has been experienced in the market for these securities, all ABS RMBS and Alt-A are categorized as Level 3.
Other CDO; ABS CDO: Valued based on non-binding broker quotes received from brokers who are familiar with the investments. Due to the reduced availability of actual market prices or relevant observable inputs as a result of the decrease in liquidity that has been experienced in the market for these securities, all CLO, ABS CDO, and Synthetic CDO are categorized as Level 3.
CMBS; Commercial Real Estate Collateralized Debt Obligations (“CRE CDO”): CRE CDO, which are reported as CMBS, and other CMBS, are valued based on non-binding broker quotes and are categorized as Level 3.
Municipals: Certain distressed municipal securities for which valuation is based on valuation models that are widely accepted in the financial services industry and require projections of future cash flows that are not market–observable are included in Level 3. Included in this category are $745 million of ARS that are backed by student loans. ARS backed by student loans are valued based on a discounted cash flow model with certain inputs to the valuation model that are significant to the valuation, but are not market observable, including estimates of future coupon rates if auction failures continue, maturity assumptions, and illiquidity premium.
Other Investments: Certain free-standing OTC derivatives, such as caps, floors, certain credit default swaps and OTC options (including swaptions), are valued using valuation models that are widely accepted in the financial services industry. Inputs include non-market observable inputs such as volatility assumptions that are significant to the valuation of the instruments.
Contractholder Funds: Derivatives embedded in annuity contracts are valued internally using models widely accepted in the financial services industry that determine a single best estimate of fair value for a block of contractholder liabilities that contain certain embedded derivatives. The models use stochastically determined cash flows based on the contractual elements of embedded derivatives and other applicable market data. These are categorized as Level 3 as a result of the significance of non-market observable inputs.
11
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities on a Non-recurring Basis
Mortgage loans, limited partnerships and other investments written–down to fair value in connection with recognizing other–than–temporary impairments are primarily valued using valuation models that are widely accepted in the financial services industry. Inputs include non–market observable inputs such as credit spreads. At June 30, 2008, the fair value of mortgage loans, limited partnerships and other investments totaled $254 million and were categorized as Level 3.
Reserves on a closed block of policies expected to be transferred through a future reinsurance agreement to an unrelated third party are valued based on significant non–observable inputs. At June 30, 2008, the fair value of Reserves for life–contingent contract benefits on a closed block of policies totaled $89 million and were categorized as Level 3.
The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis as of June 30, 2008:
|
| Quoted |
| Significant |
| Significant |
| Other |
| Balance as of |
| |||||
($ in millions) |
| (Level 1) |
| (Level 2) |
| (Level 3) |
| Netting |
| June 30, 2008 |
| |||||
Financial assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Fixed income securities |
| $ | 463 |
| $ | 34,050 |
| $ | 17,360 |
|
|
| $ | 51,873 |
| |
Equity securities |
| 16 |
| 107 |
| 27 |
|
|
| 150 |
| |||||
Short–term investments |
| 396 |
| 4,609 |
| — |
|
|
| 5,005 |
| |||||
Other investments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Free-standing derivatives |
| — |
| 581 |
| 44 |
|
|
| 625 |
| |||||
Total recurring basis assets |
| 875 |
| 39,347 |
| 17,431 |
|
|
| 57,653 |
| |||||
Non-recurring basis |
| — |
| — |
| 254 |
|
|
| 254 |
| |||||
Valued at cost, amortized cost or using the equity method |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| $ | 13,242 |
| 13,242 |
| ||||
Counterparty and cash collateral netting (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (394 | ) | (394 | ) | |||||
Total investments |
| 875 |
| 39,347 |
| 17,685 |
| 12,848 |
| 70,755 |
| |||||
Separate account assets |
| 12,438 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 12,438 |
| |||||
Other assets |
| 1 |
| — |
| 2 |
| — |
| 3 |
| |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Total financial assets |
| $ | 13,314 |
| $ | 39,347 |
| $ | 17,687 |
| $ | 12,848 |
| $ | 83,196 |
|
% of Total financial assets |
| 16.0 | % | 47.3 | % | 21.3 | % | 15.4 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Financial liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Contractholder funds: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Derivatives embedded in annuity contracts |
| $ | — |
| $ | (50 | ) | $ | (20 | ) |
|
| $ | (70 | ) | |
Other liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Free-standing derivatives |
| — |
| (398 | ) | (69 | ) |
|
| (467 | ) | |||||
Non-recurring basis |
| — |
| — |
| (89 | ) |
|
| (89 | ) | |||||
Counterparty and cash collateral netting (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| $ | 243 |
| 243 |
| ||||
Total financial liabilities |
| $ | — |
| $ | (448 | ) | $ | (178 | ) | $ | 243 |
| $ | (383 | ) |
% of Total financial liabilities |
| 0.0 | % | 117.0 | % | 46.5 | % | (63.5 | )% | 100.0 | % |
(1) In accordance with FSP FIN 39-1, the Company nets all fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments and fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral executed with the same counterparty under a master netting agreement. At June 30, 2008, the right to reclaim cash collateral was offset by securities held, and the obligation to return collateral was $151 million.
As required by SFAS No. 157, when the inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Thus, a Level 3 fair value measurement may include inputs that are observable (Level 1 or Level 2) and unobservable (Level 3). Gains and losses for such assets and liabilities categorized within the Level 3 table may include changes in fair value that are attributable to both observable inputs (Level 1 and Level 2) and unobservable inputs (Level 3). Net transfers in and/or out of Level 3 are reported as having occurred at the beginning of the period; therefore, all realized and unrealized gains and losses on these securities for the period are reflected in the table below. Further, it should be noted that the following table does not take into consideration the effect of offsetting Level 1 and Level 2 financial instruments entered into that economically hedge certain exposures to the Level 3 positions.
12
The following table provides a summary of changes in fair value during the three–month period ended June 30, 2008 of Level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities held at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total |
| |||||||
|
|
|
| Total realized and unrealized |
|
|
| Net |
|
|
| included in |
| |||||||||
($ in millions) |
| Balance as of |
| Net |
| OCI on |
| Purchases, |
| Transfers |
| Balance as of |
| Instruments |
| |||||||
Financial assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Fixed income securities |
| $ | 17,737 |
| $ | (669 | ) | $ | 196 |
| $ | (501 | ) | $ | 597 |
| $ | 17,360 |
| $ | (664 | ) |
Equity securities |
| 57 |
| (1 | ) | (3 | ) | 13 |
| (39 | ) | 27 |
| (1 | ) | |||||||
Other investments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Free-standing derivatives, net |
| (35 | ) | — |
| — |
| 10 |
| — |
| (25 | )(2) | 32 |
| |||||||
Total investments |
| 17,759 |
| (670 | ) | 193 |
| (478 | ) | 558 |
| 17,362 | (3) | (633 | ) | |||||||
Other assets |
| 2 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 2 |
| — |
| |||||||
Total recurring Level 3 financial assets |
| $ | 17,761 |
| $ | (670 | ) | $ | 193 |
| $ | (478 | ) | $ | 558 |
| $ | 17,364 |
| $ | (633 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Contractholder funds: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Derivatives embedded in annuity contracts |
| $ | (10 | ) | $ | (11 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | 1 |
| $ | — |
| $ | (20 | ) | $ | (11 | ) |
Total recurring Level 3 financial liabilities |
| $ | (10 | ) | $ | (11 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | 1 |
| $ | — |
| $ | (20 | ) | $ | (11 | ) |
(1) |
| The amounts above total $(681) million and are reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows: $(682) million in Realized capital gains and losses; $13 million in Net investment income; $(1) million in Interest credited to contractholder funds; and $(11) million in contract benefits. |
(2) |
| Comprises $44 million of financial assets and $(69) million of financial liabilities. |
(3) |
| Comprises $17.43 billion of investments and $(69) million of free-standing derivatives included in financial liabilities. |
(4) |
| The amounts above represent gains and losses included in net income for the period of time that the financial asset or financial liability was determined to be in Level 3. These gains and losses total $(644) million and are reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows: $(646) million in Realized capital gains and losses; $13 million in Net inve stment income; and $(11) million in contract benefits. |
The following table provides a summary of changes in fair value during the six–month period ended June 30, 2008 of Level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities held at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2008.
|
|
|
| Total realized and unrealized |
|
|
| Net |
|
|
| Total |
| |||||||||
($ in millions) |
| Balance as of |
| Net |
| OCI on |
| Purchases, |
| Transfers |
| Balance as of |
| Instruments |
| |||||||
Financial assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Fixed income securities |
| $ | 18,830 |
| $ | (828 | ) | $ | (545 | ) | $ | (858 | ) | $ | 761 |
| $ | 17,360 |
| $ | (819 | ) |
Equity securities |
| 61 |
| (2 | ) | (6 | ) | 13 |
| (39 | ) | 27 |
| (2 | ) | |||||||
Other investments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Free-standing derivatives, net |
| (6 | ) | (31 | ) | — |
| 12 |
| — |
| (25 | )(2) | 14 |
| |||||||
Total investments |
| 18,885 |
| (861 | ) | (551 | ) | (833 | ) | 722 |
| 17,362 | (3) | (807 | ) | |||||||
Other assets |
| 2 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 2 |
| — |
| |||||||
Total recurring Level 3 financial assets |
| $ | 18,887 |
| $ | (861 | ) | $ | (551 | ) | $ | (833 | ) | $ | 722 |
| $ | 17,364 |
| $ | (807 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Contractholder funds: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Derivatives embedded in annuity contracts |
| $ | 4 |
| $ | (25 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | 1 |
| $ | — |
| $ | (20 | ) | $ | (25 | ) |
Total recurring Level 3 financial liabilities |
| $ | 4 |
| $ | (25 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | 1 |
| $ | — |
| $ | (20 | ) | $ | (25 | ) |
(1) |
| The amounts above total $(886) million and are reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows: $(882) million in Realized capital gains and losses; $25 million in Net investment income; $(4) million in Interest credited to contractholder funds and; $(25) million in contract benefits. |
(2) |
| Comprises $44 million of financial assets and $(69) million of financial liabilities. |
(3) |
| Comprises $17.43 billion of investments and $(69) million of free-standing derivatives included in financial liabilities. |
(4) |
| The amounts above represent gains and losses included in net income for the period of time that the financial asset or financial liability was determined to be in Level 3. These gains and losses total $(832) million and are reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations |
13
as follows: $(831) million in Realized capital gains and losses; $25 million in Net investment income; $(1) million in Interest credited to contractholder funds; and $(25) million in contract benefits.
5. Reinsurance
The effects of reinsurance on premiums and contract charges are as follows:
|
| Three months ended |
| Six months ended |
| ||||||||
($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Premiums and contract charges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Direct |
| $ | 569 |
| $ | 580 |
| $ | 1,128 |
| $ | 1,178 |
|
Assumed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Affiliate |
| 15 |
| 4 |
| 30 |
| 8 |
| ||||
Non-affiliate |
| 6 |
| 6 |
| 12 |
| 13 |
| ||||
Ceded—non-affiliate |
| (218 | ) | (238 | ) | (446 | ) | (464 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Premiums and contract charges, net of reinsurance |
| $ | 372 |
| $ | 352 |
| $ | 724 |
| $ | 735 |
|
The effects of reinsurance on contract benefits are as follows:
|
| Three months ended |
| Six months ended |
| ||||||||
($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Contract benefits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Direct |
| $ | 488 |
| $ | 494 |
| $ | 983 |
| $ | 993 |
|
Assumed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Affiliate |
| 9 |
| 1 |
| 18 |
| 5 |
| ||||
Non-affiliate |
| 8 |
| 6 |
| 14 |
| 14 |
| ||||
Ceded—non-affiliate |
| (162 | ) | (170 | ) | (331 | ) | (307 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Contract benefits, net of reinsurance |
| $ | 343 |
| $ | 331 |
| $ | 684 |
| $ | 705 |
|
The effects of reinsurance on interest credited to contractholder funds are as follows:
|
| Three months ended |
| Six months ended |
| ||||||||
($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Interest credited to contractholder funds |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Direct |
| $ | 551 |
| $ | 662 |
| $ | 1,164 |
| $ | 1,303 |
|
Assumed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Affiliate |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 6 |
| 7 |
| ||||
Non-affiliate |
| 3 |
| 5 |
| 7 |
| 9 |
| ||||
Ceded—non-affiliate |
| (8 | ) | (11 | ) | (18 | ) | (24 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Interest credited to contractholder funds, net of reinsurance |
| $ | 549 |
| $ | 660 |
| $ | 1,159 |
| $ | 1,295 |
|
6. Guarantees and Contingent Liabilities
Guaranty funds
Under state insurance guaranty fund laws, insurers doing business in a state can be assessed, up to prescribed limits, for certain obligations of insolvent insurance companies to policyholders and claimants. Amounts assessed to each company are typically related to its proportion of business written in each state.
The New York Liquidation Bureau (the “Bureau”) has publicly reported that Executive Life Insurance Company of New York (“Executive Life”), currently under its jurisdiction as part of a 1992 court-ordered
14
rehabilitation plan, may only be able to meet future obligations of its annuity contacts for the next fifteen years. The shortfall is estimated to be in the range of $650 million to $750 million. If Executive Life were to be declared insolvent in the future, the Company would likely have exposure to guaranty fund assessments or other costs.
Based on currently available information, the outcome of this situation is uncertain at this time. The Bureau may eventually take actions to address this situation that may lead to guaranty fund assessments or other costs to the Company. Under current law, the Company may be allowed to recoup a portion of the amount of any additional guaranty fund assessment in periods subsequent to the recognition of the assessment by offsetting future premium taxes. The Company’s market share in New York was approximately 5.5% in 2006 based on industry annuity premium.
Guarantees
The Company owns certain fixed income securities that obligate the Company to exchange credit risk or to forfeit principal due, depending on the nature or occurrence of specified credit events for the referenced entities. In the event all such specified credit events were to occur, the Company’s maximum amount at risk on these fixed income securities, as measured by the amount of the aggregate initial investment, was $196 million at June 30, 2008. The obligations associated with these fixed income securities expire at various times during the next six years.
Related to the disposal through reinsurance of substantially all of our variable annuity business to Prudential Financial, Inc. and its subsidiary in 2006, the Company has agreed to indemnify Prudential for certain pre–closing contingent liabilities (including extra–contractual liabilities of the Company and liabilities specifically excluded from the transaction) that the Company has agreed to retain. In addition, the Company will indemnify Prudential for certain post–closing liabilities that may arise from the acts of the Company and its agents, including in connection with the Company’s provision of transition services. The Reinsurance Agreements contain no limitations or indemnifications with regard to insurance risk transfer, and transferred all of the future risks and responsibilities for performance on the underlying variable annuity contracts to Prudential, including those related to benefit guarantees, in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 113 “Accounting and Reporting for Reinsurance of Short–Duration and Long–Duration Contracts”. Management does not believe this agreement will have a material adverse effect on results of operations, cash flows or the financial position of the Company.
In the normal course of business, the Company provides standard indemnifications to contractual counterparties in connection with numerous transactions, including acquisitions and divestitures. The types of indemnifications typically provided include indemnifications for breaches of representations and warranties, taxes and certain other liabilities, such as third party lawsuits. The indemnification clauses are often standard contractual terms and are entered into in the normal course of business based on an assessment that the risk of loss would be remote. The terms of the indemnifications vary in duration and nature. In many cases, the maximum obligation is not explicitly stated and the contingencies triggering the obligation to indemnify have not occurred and are not expected to occur. Consequently, the maximum amount of the obligation under such indemnifications is not determinable. Historically, the Company has not made any material payments pursuant to these obligations.
The aggregate liability balance related to all guarantees was not material as of June 30, 2008.
Regulation
The Company is subject to changing social, economic and regulatory conditions. From time to time, regulatory authorities or legislative bodies seek to impose additional regulations regarding agent and broker compensation and otherwise expand overall regulation of insurance products and the insurance industry. The ultimate changes and eventual effects of these initiatives on the Company’s business, if any, are uncertain.
Legal and regulatory proceedings and inquiries
Background
The Company and certain affiliates are involved in a number of lawsuits, regulatory inquiries, and other legal proceedings arising out of various aspects of its business. As background to the “Proceedings” sub-section below, please note the following:
15
· These matters raise difficult and complicated factual and legal issues and are subject to many uncertainties and complexities, including the underlying facts of each matter; novel legal issues; variations between jurisdictions in which matters are being litigated, heard, or investigated; differences in applicable laws and judicial interpretations; the length of time before many of these matters might be resolved by settlement, through litigation or otherwise; the fact that some of the lawsuits are putative class actions in which a class has not been certified and in which the purported class may not be clearly defined; the fact that some of the lawsuits involve multi-state class actions in which the applicable law(s) for the claims at issue is in dispute and therefore unclear; and the current challenging legal environment faced by large corporations and insurance companies.
· The outcome on these matters may also be affected by decisions, verdicts, and settlements, and the timing of such decisions, verdicts and settlements, in other individual and class action lawsuits that involve the Company, other insurers, or other entities and by other legal, governmental, and regulatory actions that involve the Company, other insurers or other entities.
· In the lawsuits, plaintiffs seek a variety of remedies including equitable relief in the form of injunctive and other remedies and monetary relief in the form of contractual and extra-contractual damages. In some cases, the monetary damages sought include punitive damages. Often specific information about the relief sought, such as the amount of damages, is not available because plaintiffs have not requested specific relief in their pleadings. In Allstate’s experience, when specific monetary demands are made in pleadings, they bear little relation to the ultimate loss, if any, to the Company.
· In connection with regulatory examinations and proceedings, government authorities may seek various forms of relief, including penalties, restitution and changes in business practices. The Company may not be advised of the nature and extent of relief sought until the final stages of the examination or proceeding.
· For the reasons specified above, it is often not possible to make meaningful estimates of the amount or range of loss that could result from the matters described below in the “Proceedings” subsection. The Company reviews these matters on an on-going basis and follows the provisions of SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies”, when making accrual and disclosure decisions. When assessing reasonably possible and probable outcomes, the Company bases its decisions on its assessment of the ultimate outcome following all appeals.
· Due to the complexity and scope of the matters disclosed in the “Proceedings” subsection below and the many uncertainties that exist, the ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be reasonably predicted. In the event of an unfavorable outcome in one or more of these matters, the ultimate liability may be in excess of amounts currently reserved and may be material to the Company’s operating results or cash flows for a particular quarterly or annual period. However, based on information currently known to it, management believes that the ultimate outcome of all matters described below as they are resolved over time is not likely to have a material adverse effect on the financial position of the Company.
Proceedings
Legal proceedings involving Allstate agencies and AIC may impact the Company, even when the Company is not directly involved, because the Company sells its products through a variety of distribution channels including Allstate agencies. Consequently, information about the more significant of these proceedings is provided in the following paragraph.
AIC is defending certain matters relating to its agency program reorganization announced in 1999. These matters are in various stages of development.
· These matters include a lawsuit filed in 2001 by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) alleging retaliation under federal civil rights laws (the “EEOC I” suit) and a class action filed in 2001 by former employee agents alleging retaliation and age discrimination under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (“ADEA”), breach of contract and ERISA violations (the “Romero I” suit). In 2004, in the
16
consolidated EEOC I and Romero I litigation, the trial court issued a memorandum and order that, among other things, certified classes of agents, including a mandatory class of agents who had signed a release, for purposes of effecting the court’s declaratory judgment that the release is voidable at the option of the release signer. The court also ordered that an agent who voids the release must return to AIC “any and all benefits received by the [agent] in exchange for signing the release.” The court also stated that, “on the undisputed facts of record, there is no basis for claims of age discrimination.” The EEOC and plaintiffs have asked the court to clarify and/or reconsider its memorandum and order and in January 2007, the judge denied their request. In June 2007, the court granted AIC’s motions for summary judgment. Following plaintiffs’ filing of a notice of appeal, the Third Circuit issued an order in December 2007 stating that the notice of appeal was not taken from a final order within the meaning of the federal law and thus not appealable at this time. In March 2008, the Third Circuit decided that the appeal should not summarily be dismissed and that the question of whether the matter is appealable at this time will be addressed by the Court along with the merits of the appeal.
· The EEOC also filed another lawsuit in 2004 alleging age discrimination with respect to a policy limiting the rehire of agents affected by the agency program reorganization (the “EEOC II” suit). In EEOC II, in 2006, the court granted partial summary judgment to the EEOC. Although the court did not determine that AIC was liable for age discrimination under the ADEA, it determined that the rehire policy resulted in a disparate impact, reserving for trial the determination on whether AIC had reasonable factors other than age to support the rehire policy. In June 2008, the Eight Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed summary judgment in the EEOC’s favor. AIC filed a petition for rehearing en banc.
· AIC is also defending a certified class action filed by former employee agents who terminated their employment prior to the agency program reorganization. Plaintiffs allege that they were constructively discharged so that Allstate could avoid paying ERISA and other benefits offered under the reorganization. They claim that the constructive discharge resulted from the implementation of agency standards, including mandatory office hours and a requirement to have licensed staff available during business hours. The court approved the form of class notice which was sent to approximately 1,800 potential class members in November 2007. Fifteen individuals opted out. AIC’s motions for judgment on the pleadings were partially granted. In May 2008, the Court granted summary judgment in AIC’s favor on all class claims. Plaintiffs moved for reconsideration and in the alternative to decertify the class. AIC opposed this motion and filed a motion for summary judgment with respect to the remaining non–class claim.
· A putative nationwide class action has also been filed by former employee agents alleging various violations of ERISA, including a worker classification issue. These plaintiffs are challenging certain amendments to the Agents Pension Plan and are seeking to have exclusive agent independent contractors treated as employees for benefit purposes. This matter was dismissed with prejudice by the trial court, was the subject of further proceedings on appeal, and was reversed and remanded to the trial court in 2005. In June 2007, the court granted AIC’s motion to dismiss the case. Following plaintiffs’ filing of a notice of appeal, the Third Circuit issued an order in December 2007 stating that the notice of appeal was not taken from a final order within the meaning of the federal law and thus not appealable at this time. In March 2008, the Third Circuit decided that the appeal should not summarily be dismissed and that the question of whether the matter is appealable at this time will be addressed by the Court along with the merits of the appeal.
In all of these various matters, plaintiffs seek compensatory and punitive damages, and equitable relief. AIC has been vigorously defending these lawsuits and other matters related to its agency program reorganization.
Other Matters
Various other legal, governmental, and regulatory actions, including state market conduct exams, and other governmental and regulatory inquiries are currently pending that involve the Company and specific aspects of its conduct of business. Like other members of the insurance industry, the Company is the target of a number of class action lawsuits and other types of proceedings, some of which involve claims for substantial or indeterminate amounts. These actions are based on a variety of issues and target a range of the Company’s practices. The outcome of these disputes is currently unpredictable.
One or more of these matters could have an adverse effect on the Company’s operating results or cash flows for a particular quarterly or annual period. However, based on information currently known to it, management believes
17
that the ultimate outcome of all matters described in this “Other Matters” subsection, in excess of amounts currently reserved, as they are resolved over time is not likely to have a material effect on the operating results, cash flows or financial position of the Company.
7. Other Comprehensive Income
The components of other comprehensive (loss) income on a pre-tax and after-tax basis are as follows:
|
| Three months ended June 30, |
| ||||||||||||||||
|
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| ||||||||||||||
($ in millions) |
| Pre-tax |
| Tax |
| After- |
| Pre-tax |
| Tax |
| After- |
| ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Unrealized holding losses arising during the period, net of related offsets |
| $ | (843 | ) | $ | 296 |
| $ | (547 | ) | $ | (437 | ) | $ | 153 |
| $ | (284 | ) |
Less: reclassification adjustment of realized capital gains and losses |
| (902 | ) | 316 |
| (586 | ) | (42 | ) | 15 |
| (27 | ) | ||||||
Unrealized net capital gains and losses |
| 59 |
| (20 | ) | 39 |
| (395 | ) | 138 |
| (257 | ) | ||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) |
| $ | 59 |
| $ | (20 | ) | 39 |
| $ | (395 | ) | $ | 138 |
| (257 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Net (loss) income |
|
|
|
|
| (368 | ) |
|
|
|
| 187 |
| ||||||
Comprehensive loss |
|
|
|
|
| $ | (329 | ) |
|
|
|
| $ | (70 | ) |
|
| Six months ended June 30, |
| ||||||||||||||||
|
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| ||||||||||||||
($ in millions) |
| Pre-tax |
| Tax |
| After- |
| Pre-tax |
| Tax |
| After- |
| ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Unrealized net holding losses arising during the period, net of related offsets |
| $ | (1,678 | ) | $ | 587 |
| $ | (1,091 | ) | $ | (286 | ) | $ | 100 |
| $ | (186 | ) |
Less: reclassification adjustment of realized capital gains and losses |
| (1,121 | ) | 392 |
| (729 | ) | (4 | ) | 1 |
| (3 | ) | ||||||
Unrealized net capital gains and losses |
| (557 | ) | 195 |
| (362 | ) | (282 | ) | 99 |
| (183 | ) | ||||||
Other comprehensive loss |
| $ | (557 | ) | $ | 195 |
| (362 | ) | $ | (282 | ) | $ | 99 |
| (183 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Net (loss) income |
|
|
|
|
| (483 | ) |
|
|
|
| 336 |
| ||||||
Comprehensive (loss) income |
|
|
|
|
| $ | (845 | ) |
|
|
|
| $ | 153 |
|
18
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholder of
Allstate Life Insurance Company:
We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of financial position of Allstate Life Insurance Company and subsidiaries (the “Company”, an affiliate of The Allstate Corporation) as of June 30, 2008, and the related condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2008 and 2007. These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.
We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to such condensed consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated statement of financial position of Allstate Life Insurance Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, shareholder’s equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated March 13, 2008, which report includes an explanatory paragraph relating to a change in the Company’s method of accounting for uncertainty in income taxes and accounting for deferred acquisition costs associated with internal replacements in 2007, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2007 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated statement of financial position from which it has been derived.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Chicago, Illinois
August 7, 2008
19
Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31, 2008 AND 2007
OVERVIEW
The following discussion highlights significant factors influencing the condensed consolidated financial position and results of operations of Allstate Life Insurance Company (referred to in this document as “we”, “our”, “us”, or the “Company”). It should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto found under Part I. Item 1. contained herein, and with the discussion, analysis, consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in Part I. Item 1. and Part II. Item 7. and Item 8. of the Allstate Life Insurance Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2007. We operate as a single segment entity based on the manner in which we use financial information to evaluate business performance and determine the allocation of resources.
HIGHLIGHTS
· Net loss of $368 million and $483 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, driven by realized capital losses, compared to net income of $187 million and $336 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2007, respectively.
· Net realized capital losses of $932 million and $1.36 billion in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to net realized capital gains of $104 million and $126 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2007, respectively.
· Contractholder fund deposits totaled $4.06 billion and $6.75 billion for the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to $2.50 billion and $4.73 billion for the second quarter and first six months of 2007, respectively.
· Investments as of June 30, 2008 decreased 2.3% from December 31, 2007 and net investment income decreased 12.4% and 8.1% in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2007.
OPERATIONS
Summarized financial data is presented in the following table.
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Six Months Ended |
| ||||||||
($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Premiums |
| $ | 126 |
| $ | 122 |
| $ | 237 |
| $ | 277 |
|
Contract charges |
| 246 |
| 230 |
| 487 |
| 458 |
| ||||
Net investment income |
| 922 |
| 1,053 |
| 1,914 |
| 2,083 |
| ||||
Realized capital gains and losses |
| (932 | ) | 104 |
| (1,360 | ) | 126 |
| ||||
Total revenues |
| 362 |
| 1,509 |
| 1,278 |
| 2,944 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Costs and expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Contract benefits |
| (343 | ) | (331 | ) | (684 | ) | (705 | ) | ||||
Interest credited to contractholder funds |
| (549 | ) | (660 | ) | (1,159 | ) | (1,295 | ) | ||||
Amortization of DAC |
| 56 |
| (166 | ) | 6 |
| (281 | ) | ||||
Operating costs and expenses |
| (101 | ) | (73 | ) | (191 | ) | (160 | ) | ||||
Restructuring and related charges |
| — |
| 1 |
| — |
| 1 |
| ||||
Total costs and expenses |
| (937 | ) | (1,229 | ) | (2,028 | ) | (2,440 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Gain (loss) on disposition of operations |
| — |
| 2 |
| (9 | ) | 3 |
| ||||
Income tax benefit (expense) |
| 207 |
| (95 | ) | 276 |
| (171 | ) | ||||
Net (loss) income |
| $ | (368 | ) | $ | 187 |
| $ | (483 | ) | $ | 336 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Investments at June 30 |
|
|
|
|
| $ | 70,755 |
| $ | 75,343 |
|
Net loss in the second quarter of 2008 of $368 million compared to net income of $187 million in the same period of 2007, and a net loss of $483 million in the first six months of 2008, compared to net income of $336 million in the first six months of 2007. The change was the result of the recognition of net realized capital losses in 2008 compared to net realized capital gains in 2007.
20
Analysis of Revenues Total revenues decreased 76.0% or $1.15 billion in the second quarter of 2008 and decreased 56.6% or $1.67 billion in the first six months of 2008, compared to the same periods of 2007, due mostly to the recognition of net realized capital losses in the current year periods compared to net realized capital gains in the prior year periods, and, to a much lesser extent, lower net investment income in the current year periods compared to the prior year periods. Premiums and contract charges increased in the second quarter of 2008 but declined in the first six months of 2008.
Premiums represent revenues generated from traditional life insurance, immediate annuities with life contingencies and other insurance products that have significant mortality or morbidity risk.
Contract charges are revenues generated from interest-sensitive and variable life insurance, fixed annuities and institutional products for which deposits are classified as contractholder funds or separate accounts liabilities. Contract charges are assessed against the contractholder account values for maintenance, administration, cost of insurance and surrender prior to contractually specified dates. As a result, changes in contractholder funds are considered in the evaluation of growth and as indicators of future levels of revenues.
The following table summarizes premiums and contract charges by product.
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Six Months Ended |
| ||||||||
($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Premiums |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Traditional life insurance |
| $ | 71 |
| $ | 61 |
| $ | 131 |
| $ | 130 |
|
Immediate annuities with life contingencies |
| 36 |
| 52 |
| 66 |
| 129 |
| ||||
Other |
| 19 |
| 9 |
| 40 |
| 18 |
| ||||
Total premiums |
| 126 |
| 122 |
| 237 |
| 277 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Contract charges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Interest-sensitive life insurance |
| 232 |
| 210 |
| 460 |
| 420 |
| ||||
Fixed annuities |
| 13 |
| 19 |
| 26 |
| 37 |
| ||||
Variable annuities |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| ||||
Total contract charges (1) |
| 246 |
| 230 |
| 487 |
| 458 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Total premiums and contract charges |
| $ | 372 |
| $ | 352 |
| $ | 724 |
| $ | 735 |
|
(1) Total contract charges for the second quarter of 2008 and 2007 include contract charges related to the cost of insurance of $164 million and $150 million, respectively. Total contract charges for the first six months of 2008 and 2007 include contract charges related to the cost of insurance of $327 million and $300 million, respectively.
Total premiums increased 3.3% and decreased 14.4% in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2007. In the second quarter of 2008, higher sales of traditional life insurance and increased premium assumed from a reinsurance agreement with an unconsolidated affiliate were partially offset by a decline in sales of life contingent immediate annuities due to competitive market conditions. In the first six months of 2008, a decline in sales of life contingent immediate annuities and higher reinsurance premiums on life insurance were partially offset by increased premium assumed from a reinsurance agreement with an unconsolidated affiliate.
Contract charges increased 7.0% and 6.3% in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2007 due primarily to higher contract charges on interest-sensitive life insurance policies resulting from increased contract charge rates and growth in business in force, partially offset by decreased contract charges on fixed annuities resulting primarily from lower surrender charges.
21
Contractholder funds represent interest-bearing liabilities arising from the sale of individual and institutional products, such as interest-sensitive life insurance, fixed annuities and funding agreements. The balance of contractholder funds is equal to the cumulative deposits received and interest credited to the contractholder less cumulative contract maturities, benefits, surrenders, withdrawals and contract charges for mortality or administrative expenses.
The following table shows the changes in contractholder funds.
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Six Months Ended |
| ||||||||
($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| ||||
Contractholder funds, beginning balance |
| $ | 60,191 |
| $ | 61,014 |
| $ | 60,464 |
| $ | 60,565 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Deposits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Fixed annuities |
| 1,237 |
| 879 |
| 1,923 |
| 1,575 |
| ||||
Institutional products (funding agreements) |
| 2,498 |
| 1,300 |
| 4,158 |
| 2,500 |
| ||||
Interest-sensitive life insurance |
| 325 |
| 323 |
| 665 |
| 655 |
| ||||
Other |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| ||||
Total deposits |
| 4,061 |
| 2,503 |
| 6,747 |
| 4,731 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Interest credited |
| 586 |
| 659 |
| 1,197 |
| 1,304 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Maturities, benefits, withdrawals and other adjustments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Maturities and retirements of institutional products |
| (2,243 | ) | (1,243 | ) | (4,130 | ) | (1,995 | ) | ||||
Benefits |
| (419 | ) | (416 | ) | (880 | ) | (831 | ) | ||||
Surrenders and partial withdrawals |
| (1,051 | ) | (1,120 | ) | (2,034 | ) | (2,111 | ) | ||||
Contract charges |
| (202 | ) | (183 | ) | (399 | ) | (365 | ) | ||||
Net transfers from separate accounts |
| 7 |
| 3 |
| 12 |
| 6 |
| ||||
Fair value hedge adjustments for institutional products |
| (67 | ) | (17 | ) | (1 | ) | (34 | ) | ||||
Other adjustments (1) |
| 23 |
| (27 | ) | (90 | ) | (97 | ) | ||||
Total maturities, benefits, withdrawals and other adjustments |
| (3,952 | ) | (3,003 | ) | (7,522 | ) | (5,427 | ) | ||||
Contractholder funds, ending balance |
| $ | 60,886 |
| $ | 61,173 |
| $ | 60,886 |
| $ | 61,173 |
|
(1) The table above illustrates the changes in contractholder funds, which are presented gross of reinsurance recoverables on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The table above is intended to supplement our discussion and analysis of revenues, which are presented net of reinsurance on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As a result, the net change in contractholder funds associated with products reinsured to third parties is reflected as a component of the other adjustments line.
Contractholder funds increased 1.2% in the second quarter of 2008, compared to an increase of 0.3% in the second quarter of 2007, and increased 0.7% in the first six months of 2008, compared to an increase of 1.0% in the same period in the prior year. Average contractholder funds decreased 0.9% and 0.3% in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2007.
Contractholder deposits increased 62.2% and 42.6% in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2007. These increases were primarily due to higher deposits on institutional products and, to a lesser extent, higher deposits on fixed annuities. Deposits on institutional products increased 92.2% and 66.3% in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2007. Sales of our institutional products vary from period to period based on management’s assessment of market conditions, investor demand and operational priorities. Deposits on fixed annuities increased 40.7% and 22.1% in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2007, due primarily to an improved sales environment for fixed annuities relative to competing products resulting from a steeper interest rate yield curve.
22
Maturities and retirements of institutional products increased 80.5% and 107.0% in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. During the second quarter and first six months of 2008, we acquired in the secondary market and retired $1.14 billion and $2.39 billion, respectively, of institutional market deposits for which investors had elected to non-extend their maturity. In addition, $986 million have been called and will be retired in July 2008. Total non-extended institutional market deposits were $3.12 billion as of June 30, 2008, all of which become due no later than the end of the first quarter of 2009. We have accumulated, and expect to maintain, short-term investments to retire these obligations. We expect reduced future earnings on our institutional products, because the crediting rate on contracts issued during 2008 is higher than the crediting rate on contracts that have been or will be retired during the year.
Surrenders and partial withdrawals decreased 6.2% and 3.6% in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2007. These declines were mostly due to lower surrenders and partial withdrawals on fixed annuities, partially offset by higher surrenders and partial withdrawals on interest-sensitive life products. The annualized surrender and partial withdrawal rate on deferred fixed annuities and interest-sensitive life insurance products, based on the beginning of period contractholder funds, was 9.7% and 9.9% for the first six months of 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Net investment income decreased 12.4% and 8.1% in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2007. The declines were primarily due to lower investment yields on floating rate assets, lower yields on increased short-term investment balances held to offset reduced liquidity in some asset classes and the maturity of institutional markets funding agreements, and lower investment balances reflecting dividends paid to our parent Allstate Insurance Company (“AIC”) in 2007.
Realized capital gains and losses reflected net losses of $932 million and $1.36 billion in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared with net gains of $104 million and $126 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2007, respectively. For further discussion of realized capital gains and losses, see the Investments section of MD&A.
Analysis of Costs and Expenses Total costs and expenses decreased 23.8% and 16.9% in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared with the same periods of 2007, due mostly to lower amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) and interest credited to contractholder funds partially offset by higher operating costs and expenses.
Contract benefits increased 3.6% or $12 million in the second quarter of 2008 compared to the second quarter of 2007 and decreased 3.0% or $21 million in the first six months of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. The increase in the second quarter of 2008 was due to higher contract benefits on life insurance products resulting primarily from increased insurance in-force and slightly unfavorable mortality experience, partially offset by lower contract benefits on annuities due primarily to the impact of lower sales of immediate annuities with life contingencies on reserve changes partly offset by unfavorable mortality experience. The decrease in the first six months of 2008 was due to lower contract benefits on annuities resulting primarily from the impact of lower sales of immediate annuities with life contingencies on reserve changes, partially offset by higher contract benefits on life insurance products due primarily to increased insurance in-force and slightly unfavorable mortality experience, partially offset by the recognition in the prior year of litigation related costs in the form of additional policy benefits.
We analyze our mortality and morbidity results using the difference between premiums and contract charges earned for the cost of insurance and contract benefits excluding the portion related to the implied interest on immediate annuities with life contingencies (“benefit spread”). This implied interest totaled $137 million and $138 million in the second quarter of 2008 and 2007, respectively, and totaled $276 million and $275 million in the first six months of 2008 and 2007, respectively. The benefit spread by product group is disclosed in the following table.
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Six Months Ended |
| ||||||||
($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| ||||
Life insurance |
| $ | 92 |
| $ | 85 |
| $ | 182 |
| $ | 161 |
|
Annuities |
| (8 | ) | (6 | ) | (26 | ) | (14 | ) | ||||
Total benefit spread |
| $ | 84 |
| $ | 79 |
| $ | 156 |
| $ | 147 |
|
23
Interest credited to contractholder funds decreased 16.8% or $111 million in the second quarter of 2008 compared to the second quarter of 2007 and 10.5% or $136 million in the first six months of 2008 compared to the same period of 2007. These decreases were due primarily to a decline in average contractholder funds and lower weighted average interest crediting rates on institutional products due to declines in market interest rates on floating rate obligations. Amortization of deferred sales inducements (“DSI”) reflected a credit to income of $24 million and $15 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to a charge to income of $18 million and $29 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2007, respectively. The changes of $42 million and $44 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year, were predominantly the result of realized capital losses recorded in the current year periods on assets that support fixed annuities. We expect an increased rate of DSI amortization in future periods as a result of the deceleration of amortization recorded in the second quarter of 2008.
In order to analyze the impact of net investment income and interest credited to policyholders on net income, we review the difference between net investment income and the sum of interest credited to contractholder funds and the implied interest on immediate annuities with life contingencies, which is included as a component of contract benefits on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (“investment spread”).
The investment spread by product group is shown in the following table.
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Six Months Ended |
| ||||||||
($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| ||||
Annuities |
| $ | 132 |
| $ | 129 |
| $ | 247 |
| $ | 258 |
|
Life insurance |
| 14 |
| 12 |
| 29 |
| 29 |
| ||||
Institutional products |
| 16 |
| 20 |
| 43 |
| 45 |
| ||||
Net investment income on investments supporting capital |
| 74 |
| 94 |
| 160 |
| 181 |
| ||||
Total investment spread |
| $ | 236 |
| $ | 255 |
| $ | 479 |
| $ | 513 |
|
To further analyze investment spreads, the following table summarizes the weighted average investment yield on assets supporting product liabilities and capital, interest crediting rates on investment type products and investment spreads on investment type products for the three months ended June 30.
|
| Weighted Average |
| Weighted Average |
| Weighted Average |
| ||||||
|
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
|
Interest-sensitive life insurance |
| 6.1 | % | 6.2 | % | 4.6 | % | 4.7 | % | 1.5 | % | 1.5 | % |
Deferred fixed annuities |
| 5.5 |
| 5.8 |
| 3.8 |
| 3.7 |
| 1.7 |
| 2.1 |
|
Immediate fixed annuities with and without life contingencies |
| 6.9 |
| 7.2 |
| 6.5 |
| 6.6 |
| 0.4 |
| 0.6 |
|
Institutional products |
| 3.9 |
| 6.0 |
| 3.2 |
| 5.1 |
| 0.7 |
| 0.9 |
|
Investments supporting capital, traditional life and other products |
| 5.5 |
| 6.3 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
|
The following table summarizes the weighted average investment yield on assets supporting product liabilities and capital, interest crediting rates on investment type products and investment spreads on investment type products for the six months ended June 30.
|
| Weighted Average |
| Weighted Average |
| Weighted Average |
| ||||||
|
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
|
Interest-sensitive life insurance |
| 6.1 | % | 6.2 | % | 4.6 | % | 4.6 | % | 1.5 | % | 1.6 | % |
Deferred fixed annuities |
| 5.6 |
| 5.8 |
| 3.7 |
| 3.7 |
| 1.9 |
| 2.1 |
|
Immediate fixed annuities with and without life contingencies |
| 6.9 |
| 7.1 |
| 6.5 |
| 6.6 |
| 0.4 |
| 0.5 |
|
Institutional products |
| 4.5 |
| 6.0 |
| 3.7 |
| 5.1 |
| 0.8 |
| 0.9 |
|
Investments supporting capital, traditional life and other products |
| 5.8 |
| 5.9 |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
|
24
The following table summarizes our product liabilities as of June 30 and indicates the account value of those contracts and policies in which an investment spread is generated.
|
| As of June 30, |
| ||||
($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| ||
Immediate fixed annuities with life contingencies |
| $ | 8,328 |
| $ | 8,241 |
|
Other life contingent contracts and other |
| 4,020 |
| 3,840 |
| ||
Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits |
| $ | 12,348 |
| $ | 12,081 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Interest-sensitive life |
| $ | 9,117 |
| $ | 8,668 |
|
Deferred fixed annuities |
| 34,049 |
| 35,003 |
| ||
Immediate fixed annuities without life contingencies |
| 3,864 |
| 3,818 |
| ||
Institutional products |
| 13,266 |
| 13,301 |
| ||
Fair value adjustments related to fair value hedges and other |
| 590 |
| 383 |
| ||
Contractholder funds |
| $ | 60,886 |
| $ | 61,173 |
|
Amortization of DAC reflected a credit to income of $56 million in the second quarter of 2008 compared to a charge to income of $166 million in the second quarter of 2007. For the first six months of 2008 and 2007, amortization of DAC reflected a credit to income of $6 million and a charge to income of $281 million, respectively. The changes of $222 million and $287 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year, were predominantly the result of reduced actual gross profits for fixed annuities and interest-sensitive life insurance products due to realized capital losses recorded in the current year periods. For the six month period, the change was also impacted by an increase in amortization deceleration (credit to income) of $11 million due to our annual comprehensive review of DAC assumptions (commonly referred to as “DAC unlocking”). We expect an increased rate of DAC amortization in future periods as a result of the deceleration of amortization recorded in the second quarter of 2008.
Accretion in the current year periods and amortization in the prior year periods of DAC related to realized capital gains and losses increased income by $171 million and $224 million, pre-tax, in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to a decrease to income of $20 million, pre-tax, in both the second quarter and first six months of 2007. The impact of realized capital gains and losses on amortization of DAC is dependent upon the relationship between the assets that give rise to the gain or loss and the product liability supported by the assets. Fluctuations result from changes in the impact of realized capital gains and losses on actual and expected gross profits.
In accordance with our annual comprehensive review of DAC assumptions, in the first six months of 2008, the Company recognized net amortization deceleration totaling $23 million, including $17 million for fixed annuities and $6 million for interest-sensitive life insurance products. In the first six months of 2007, net amortization deceleration totaled $12 million and included net amortization deceleration of $17 million for interest-sensitive life insurance products and net amortization acceleration of $5 million for fixed annuities. The first six months of 2008 net amortization deceleration of $17 million on fixed annuities was due primarily to higher than expected investment spreads partially offset by increased expenses. The first six months of 2008 net amortization deceleration of $6 million on interest-sensitive life insurance products was due to higher than expected benefit spreads partially offset by increased expenses.
Operating costs and expenses increased 38.4% and 19.4% in the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2007. The following table summarizes operating costs and expenses.
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Six Months Ended |
| ||||||||
($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Non-deferrable acquisition costs |
| $ | 19 |
| $ | 22 |
| $ | 40 |
| $ | 48 |
|
Other operating costs and expenses |
| 82 |
| 51 |
| 151 |
| 112 |
| ||||
Total operating costs and expenses |
| $ | 101 |
| $ | 73 |
| $ | 191 |
| $ | 160 |
|
25
Non-deferrable acquisition costs decreased 13.6% or $3 million in the second quarter and decreased 16.7% or $8 million in the first six months of 2008, compared to the same periods of 2007, primarily due to lower non-deferrable commissions. Other operating costs and expenses increased 60.8% or $31 million in the second quarter and 34.8% or $39 million in the first six months of 2008, compared to the same periods of 2007, due primarily to increased spending on consumer research, product development, marketing and technology related to the effort to reinvent retirement for consumers.
Loss on disposition of operations for the first six months of 2008 totaled $9 million and was comprised primarily of losses associated with the anticipated disposition of our direct response long-term care business that is currently held for sale. In the second quarter and first six months of 2007, a gain on disposition of operations of $2 million and $3 million, respectively, was recognized that primarily included amortization of a deferred reinsurance gain associated with a prior period disposition.
Income tax benefit of $207 million and $276 million was recognized for the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, compared to income tax expense of $95 million and $171 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2007, respectively. The change reflects the shift from net pre-tax income in the prior year to a net pre-tax loss in the current year.
INVESTMENTS
We developed additional risk mitigation and return optimization programs in the second quarter of 2008 in response to an altered outlook for continued weakness in the U.S. financial markets and economy including continued volatility in the financial markets, continued reduced liquidity in certain asset classes and further unfavorable economic trends. In addition, the potential for systemic investment supply and demand imbalances has remained above normal due to the deteriorating credit strength of financial institutions. The risk mitigation and return optimization programs are designed to protect certain portions of our investment portfolio from significant decreases in value. They consist of potential future reductions in certain real estate and financial-related market sectors. These actions will position us to take advantage of market opportunities and also will help protect our investment portfolio from the continued turmoil in the financial markets. We will monitor the progress of these programs as market and economic conditions continue to develop and will adapt our decisions as appropriate.
The risk mitigation and return optimization programs were designed to reduce The Allstate Corporation’s exposure to residential and commercial real estate and financial related markets including approximately $3 billion of amortized cost held by the Company, prior to change in intent write-downs. A comprehensive review identified specific investments that could be significantly impacted by continued deterioration in the economy including certain real estate and financial-related market sectors that may be sold. This includes a portion of our residential and commercial real estate securities including securities collateralized by residential and commercial mortgage loans, mortgage loans and securities issued by financial institutions. As a result, we have change in intent write-downs on securities with a fair value of approximately $2.64 billion at June 30, 2008. Approximately $714 million of realized capital losses were recognized in the second quarter of 2008 related to our change in intent write-downs, with minimal net impact on shareholder’s equity as these investments were carried at fair value with unrealized losses reflected within accumulated other comprehensive income at March 31, 2008.
At June 30, 2008, our exposure to residential and commercial real estate is approximately $21.8 billion, comprised primarily of mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), asset-backed residential mortgage-backed securities (“ABS RMBS”), asset-backed collateralized debt obligations (“ABS CDO”) and mortgage loans. Our exposure to financial-related market sectors totaled approximately $9 billion at June 30, 2008, and includes fixed income and equity holdings in banks, brokerages, finance companies and insurance.
Any funds raised from the eventual disposition of these securities will be invested in accordance with our asset-liability management strategies and the initial stage of our enhanced enterprise-wide asset allocation (“EAA”) strategy. These strategies identify risks and return needs across the Company and consider cross-correlation impacts in determining an efficient mix of assets for the enterprise as a whole. The work associated with these strategies is ongoing, and implementation will occur as market opportunities arise. To the extent markets remain unstable, we will invest in high quality, lower risk investments over the short-term. Net investment income from potential reinvested funds may be lower as proceeds invested at current yields could be lower than the yields on the investments written-down.
26
An important component of our financial results is the return on our investment portfolio. The composition of the investment portfolio at June 30, 2008 is presented in the table below.
($ in millions) |
| Investments |
| Percent to |
| |
Fixed income securities (1) |
| $ | 51,873 |
| 73.3 | % |
Mortgage loans |
| 9,739 |
| 13.8 |
| |
Equity securities (2) |
| 150 |
| 0.2 |
| |
Limited partnership interests (3) |
| 1,150 |
| 1.6 |
| |
Short-term |
| 5,599 |
| 7.9 |
| |
Policy loans |
| 773 |
| 1.1 |
| |
Other |
| 1,471 |
| 2.1 |
| |
Total |
| $ | 70,755 |
| 100.0 | % |
(1) Fixed income securities are carried at fair value. Amortized cost basis for these securities was $52.89 billion.
(2) Equity securities are carried at fair value. Cost basis for these securities was $150 million.
(3) We have commitments to invest in additional limited partnerships totaling $1.11 billion at June 30, 2008.
Total investments decreased to $70.76 billion at June 30, 2008 from $72.41 billion at December 31, 2007, due to unrealized net capital losses and net realized capital losses, partially offset by increased funds associated with collateral received in conjunction with securities lending.
Total investments at amortized cost related to collateral received in connection with securities lending business activities and collateral posted by counterparties related to derivative transactions increased to $2.11 billion at June 30, 2008, from $1.82 billion at December 31, 2007. As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, these investments are carried at fair value and classified in fixed income securities totaling $1.27 billion and $1.57 billion, respectively, and short-term investments totaling $758 million and $219 million, respectively.
Fixed income securities by type are listed in the table below.
($ in millions) |
| June 30, |
| % to Total |
| December 31, |
| % to Total |
| ||
U.S. government and agencies |
| $ | 3,643 |
| 5.2 | % | $ | 3,728 |
| 5.2 | % |
Municipal |
| 4,055 |
| 5.7 |
| 4,311 |
| 6.0 |
| ||
Corporate |
| 28,758 |
| 40.6 |
| 31,735 |
| 43.8 |
| ||
Foreign government |
| 2,002 |
| 2.8 |
| 2,185 |
| 3.0 |
| ||
MBS |
| 3,150 |
| 4.5 |
| 3,490 |
| 4.8 |
| ||
CMBS |
| 5,918 |
| 8.4 |
| 7,388 |
| 10.2 |
| ||
ABS |
| 4,333 |
| 6.1 |
| 5,603 |
| 7.7 |
| ||
Redeemable preferred stock |
| 14 |
| — |
| 29 |
| — |
| ||
Total fixed income securities |
| $ | 51,873 |
| 73.3 |
| $ | 58,469 |
| 80.7 | % |
At June 30, 2008, 95.5% of the fixed income securities portfolio was rated investment grade, which is defined as a security having a rating from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) of 1 or 2; a rating of Aaa, Aa, A or Baa from Moody’s, a rating of AAA, AA, A or BBB from Standard and Poor’s (“S&P’s”), Fitch or Dominion or a rating of aaa, aa, a or bbb from A.M. Best; or a comparable internal rating if an externally provided rating is not available.
During the second quarter of 2008, certain financial markets continued to experience price declines due to market and liquidity disruptions. We experienced this illiquidity and disruption particularly in our prime residential mortgage-backed securities (“Prime”), Alt-A residential mortgage-backed securities (“Alt-A”), commercial real estate collateralized debt obligations (“CRE CDO”), ABS RMBS and ABS CDO portfolios. These portfolios totaled $3.39 billion, or less than 5.0% of our total investments at June 30, 2008. Certain other asset-backed and real estate-backed securities markets experienced illiquidity, but to a lesser degree.
We determine the fair values of securities comprising the illiquid portfolios by obtaining information from an independent third-party valuation service provider and brokers. We confirmed the reasonableness of the fair value of these portfolios as of June 30, 2008 by analyzing available market information including, but not limited to,
27
collateral quality, anticipated cash flows, credit enhancements, default rates, loss severities, securities’ relative position within their respective capital structures, and credit ratings from statistical rating agencies.
Investment write-downs during the second quarter of 2008 were recorded on our Alt-A, CRE CDO, ABS RMBS and ABS CDO totaling $2 million, $39 million, $125 million and $3 million, respectively. Investment write-downs during the first six months of 2008 were recorded on our Prime, Alt-A, CRE CDO, ABS RMBS and ABS CDO totaling $9 million, $41 million, $39 million, $146 million and $63 million, respectively. Change in intent write-downs included losses on our Prime totaling $8 million, Alt-A totaling $29 million, CRE CDO totaling $248 million and ABS RMBS totaling $132 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008. We continue to believe that the unrealized losses on these securities are not necessarily predictive of the ultimate performance of the underlying collateral. In the absence of further deterioration in the collateral relative to our positions in the securities’ respective capital structures, which could be other-than-temporary, the unrealized losses should reverse over the remaining lives of the securities.
The cash flows of the underlying mortgages or collateral for MBS, CRE CDO and ABS are generally applied in a pre-determined order and are designed so that each security issued qualifies for a specific original rating. The security issue is typically referred to as the “class”. For example, the “senior” portion or “top” of the capital structure which would originally qualify for a rating of Aaa is referred to as the “Aaa class” and typically has priority in receiving the principal repayments on the underlying mortgages. In addition, the portion of the capital structure originally rated Aaa may further be divided into multiple sub-classes, “super senior”, “senior” ,”senior support” for Prime and Alt-A issues, and “first”, “second”, “third” for ABS RMBS issues where the principal repayments are typically paid sequentially (i.e., all of the underlying mortgage principal repayments are received by the first originally rated Aaa class in the structure until it is paid in full, then all of the underlying mortgage principal repayments are received by the second originally rated Aaa class in the structure until it is paid in full). Although securities within the various Aaa classes are paid sequentially, they typically share any losses on a pro-rata basis after losses are absorbed by classes with lower original ratings or what may be referred to as more “junior” or “subordinate” securities in the capital structure. The underlying mortgages have fixed interest rates, variable interest rates (such as adjustable rate mortgages (“ARM”)) or are hybrid, meaning that they contain features of both fixed and variable rate mortgages.
MBS totaled $3.15 billion and 99.9% were rated investment grade at June 30, 2008. The MBS portfolio is subject to interest rate risk since price volatility and the ultimate realized yield are affected by the rate of prepayment of the underlying mortgages. The credit risk associated with our MBS is mitigated due to the fact that 61.9% of the portfolio consists of securities that were issued by, or have underlying collateral that is guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government sponsored entities (“U.S. Agency”).
The following table shows MBS by type and Moody’s equivalent rating.
($ in millions) |
| Fair value at |
| % to Total |
| Aaa |
| Aa |
| A |
| Ba or |
| |
MBS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
U.S. Agency |
| $ | 1,950 |
| 2.8 | % | 100.0 | % | — | % | — | % | — | % |
Prime |
| 732 |
| 1.0 |
| 85.1 |
| 14.9 |
| — |
| — |
| |
Alt-A |
| 468 |
| 0.7 |
| 92.5 |
| 7.3 |
| — |
| 0.2 |
| |
Total MBS |
| $ | 3,150 |
| 4.5 | % |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prime are collateralized by residential mortgage loans issued to prime borrowers. As of June 30, 2008, fair value represents 94.7% of amortized cost of these securities. During both the second quarter and first six months of 2008, we sold $100 million of Prime, recognizing a gain of $2 million. We also collected $22 million and $40 million of principal repayments consistent with the expected cash flows during the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively. Investment write-downs during the first six months of 2008 were recorded on our Prime totaling $9 million. In addition, $8 million of change in intent write-downs were recorded during the second quarter of 2008 on Prime.
28
Our Prime positions comprised 82.8% fixed rate mortgages, and 85.1% of the portfolio is in the Aaa class of the capital structure. The following table shows our Prime portfolio of June 30, 2008 by vintage year, based upon our participation in the capital structure.
|
| Vintage Year |
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||||
($ in millions) |
| 2007 |
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| Pre-2005 |
| Fair |
| Amortized |
| Unrealized |
| |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Aaa – Fixed rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Super Senior |
| $ | — |
| $ | 39 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 48 |
| $ | 87 |
| $ | 89 |
| $ | (2 | ) |
Senior |
| 37 |
| 47 |
| 91 |
| 235 |
| 410 |
| 434 |
| (24 | ) | |||||||
|
| 37 |
| 86 |
| 91 |
| 283 |
| 497 |
| 523 |
| (26 | ) | |||||||
Aaa – Hybrid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Super Senior |
| — |
| — |
| 63 |
| 10 |
| 73 |
| 78 |
| (5 | ) | |||||||
Senior |
| 10 |
| — |
| — |
| 34 |
| 44 |
| 46 |
| (2 | ) | |||||||
Senior Support |
| — |
| — |
| 9 |
| — |
| 9 |
| 11 |
| (2 | ) | |||||||
|
| 10 |
| — |
| 72 |
| 44 |
| 126 |
| 135 |
| (9 | ) | |||||||
Aa – Fixed rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Senior |
| 102 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 102 |
| 107 |
| (5 | ) | |||||||
Senior Support |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 7 |
| 7 |
| 8 |
| (1 | ) | |||||||
|
| 102 |
| — |
| — |
| 7 |
| 109 |
| 115 |
| (6 | ) | |||||||
Total |
| $ | 149 |
| $ | 86 |
| $ | 163 |
| $ | 334 |
| $ | 732 |
| $ | 773 |
| $ | (41 | ) |
Included in our mortgage-backed fixed income securities are Alt-A at fixed or variable rates. The following table presents information about the collateral in our Alt-A holdings.
($ in millions) |
| Fair value at |
| % to Total |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Alt-A |
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed rate |
| $ | 354 |
| 0.5 | % |
Variable rate |
| 114 |
| 0.2 |
| |
Total Alt-A |
| $ | 468 |
| 0.7 | % |
Alt-A can be issued by trusts backed by pools of residential mortgages with either fixed or variable interest rates. The mortgage pools can include residential mortgage loans issued to borrowers with stronger credit profiles than sub-prime borrowers, but who do not qualify for prime financing terms due to high loan-to-value ratios or limited supporting documentation. As of June 30, 2008, fair value represents 91.6% of the amortized cost of these securities. There were no Alt-A securities with a fair value less than 70% of amortized cost. During both the second quarter and first six months of 2008, we sold $1 million of Alt-A. We also collected $16 million and $32 million of principal repayments consistent with the expected cash flows during the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively. Investment write-downs during the second quarter and first six months of 2008 were recorded on our Alt-A totaling $2 million and $41 million, respectively. In addition, $29 million of change in intent write-downs were recorded during the second quarter of 2008 on Alt-A.
29
The following table shows our Alt-A portfolio at June 30, 2008 by vintage year, based upon our participation in the capital structure.
|
| Vintage Year |
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||||
($ in millions) |
| 2007 |
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| Pre-2005 |
| Fair |
| Amortized |
| Unrealized |
| |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Aaa – Fixed rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Super Senior |
| $ | — |
| $ | 10 |
| $ | 37 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 47 |
| $ | 57 |
| $ | (10 | ) |
Senior |
| 33 |
| 32 |
| 74 |
| 137 |
| 276 |
| 303 |
| (27 | ) | |||||||
Senior Support |
| 16 |
| 3 |
| — |
| — |
| 19 |
| 19 |
| — |
| |||||||
|
| 49 |
| 45 |
| 111 |
| 137 |
| 342 |
| 379 |
| (37 | ) | |||||||
Aaa – Hybrid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Super Senior |
| — |
| 24 |
| — |
| — |
| 24 |
| 29 |
| (5 | ) | |||||||
Senior |
| — |
| — |
| 12 |
| 6 |
| 18 |
| 21 |
| (3 | ) | |||||||
Senior Support |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 3 |
| 3 |
| 3 |
| — |
| |||||||
|
| — |
| 24 |
| 12 |
| 9 |
| 45 |
| 53 |
| (8 | ) | |||||||
Aaa - Option Adjustable Rate Mortgage |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Super Senior |
| — |
| — |
| 26 |
| — |
| 26 |
| 26 |
| — |
| |||||||
Senior Support |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 9 |
| 9 |
| 9 |
| — |
| |||||||
Super Senior – Mid |
| — |
| — |
| 3 |
| 8 |
| 11 |
| 11 |
| — |
| |||||||
|
| — |
| — |
| 29 |
| 17 |
| 46 |
| 46 |
| — |
| |||||||
Aa - Option Adjustable Rate Mortgage |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Subordinate |
| — |
| — |
| 4 |
| 18 |
| 22 |
| 20 |
| 2 |
| |||||||
|
| — |
| — |
| 4 |
| 18 |
| 22 |
| 20 |
| 2 |
| |||||||
Aa – Fixed Rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Senior Support |
| — |
| 8 |
| 4 |
| — |
| 12 |
| 12 |
| — |
| |||||||
|
| — |
| 8 |
| 4 |
| — |
| 12 |
| 12 |
| — |
| |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Ba - Option Adjustable Rate Mortgage |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Subordinate |
| — |
| — |
| 1 |
| — |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| — |
| |||||||
|
| — |
| — |
| 1 |
| — |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| — |
| |||||||
Total |
| $ | 49 |
| $ | 77 |
| $ | 161 |
| $ | 181 |
| $ | 468 |
| $ | 511 |
| $ | (43 | ) |
CMBS totaled $5.92 billion, most of which were rated investment grade at June 30, 2008. The CMBS portfolio is subject to credit risk, but unlike other structured securities, is generally not subject to prepayment risk due to protections within the underlying commercial mortgages whereby borrowers are effectively restricted from prepaying their mortgages due to changes in interest rates. Approximately 84.0% of the CMBS investments are pools of commercial mortgages, broadly diversified across property types and geographical area. The following table shows CMBS by type and Moody’s equivalent rating.
($ in millions) |
| Fair value at |
| % to Total |
| Aaa |
| Aa |
| A |
| Baa |
| |
CMBS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
CMBS |
| $ | 5,543 |
| 7.9 | % | 81.4 | % | 13.5 | % | 4.0 | % | 1.1 | % |
CRE CDO |
| 375 |
| 0.5 |
| 38.2 |
| 28.5 |
| 24.5 |
| 8.8 |
| |
Total CMBS |
| $ | 5,918 |
| 8.4 | % |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CRE CDO are investments secured primarily by commercial mortgage-backed securities and other commercial mortgage debt obligations. These securities are generally less liquid and have a higher risk profile than other commercial mortgage-backed securities. As of June 30, 2008, fair value represents 101.1% of the amortized cost of these securities. During the second quarter and first six months of 2008, we sold $27 million and $36 million of CRE CDO, respectively, recognizing a loss of $23 million and $24 million, respectively. We also collected $2
30
million and $3 million of principal repayments consistent with the expected cash flows during the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively. Investment write-downs during both the second quarter and first six months of 2008 were recorded on our CRE CDO totaling $39 million. In addition, $248 million of change in intent write-downs were recorded during the second quarter of 2008 on CRE CDO. The following table shows our CRE CDO portfolio at June 30, 2008 by vintage year, based upon our participation in the capital structure.
|
| Vintage Year |
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||||
($ in millions) |
| 2007 |
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| Pre-2005 |
| Fair |
| Amortized |
| Unrealized |
| |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Aaa |
| $ | 18 |
| $ | 33 |
| $ | 42 |
| $ | 50 |
| $ | 143 |
| $ | 142 |
| $ | 1 |
|
Aa |
| 3 |
| 69 |
| 10 |
| 25 |
| 107 |
| 105 |
| 2 |
| |||||||
A |
| 18 |
| 27 |
| 14 |
| 33 |
| 92 |
| 91 |
| 1 |
| |||||||
Baa |
| 6 |
| 19 |
| 8 |
| — |
| 33 |
| 33 |
| — |
| |||||||
Total |
| $ | 45 |
| $ | 148 |
| $ | 74 |
| $ | 108 |
| $ | 375 |
| $ | 371 |
| $ | 4 |
|
ABS totaled $4.33 billion and 96.9% were rated investment grade at June 30, 2008. ABS by type are listed in the table below.
($ in millions) |
| Fair value at |
| % to Total |
| Fair value as a |
| Aaa |
| Aa |
| A |
| Baa |
| Ba or |
| |
ABS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
ABS RMBS non-insured |
| $ | 1,484 |
| 2.1 | % | 84.7 | % | 54.0 | % | 35.0 | % | 6.7 | % | 2.4 | % | 1.9 | % |
ABS RMBS insured |
| 314 |
| 0.4 |
| 60.4 |
| 16.2 |
| 27.1 |
| 31.8 |
| 16.9 |
| 8.0 |
| |
Total ABS RMBS |
| 1,798 |
| 2.5 |
| 79.1 |
| 47.5 |
| 33.6 |
| 11.1 |
| 4.9 |
| 2.9 |
| |
ABS CDO |
| 14 |
| — |
| 116.7 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 100.0 |
| |
Total asset-backed securities collateralized by sub-prime residential mortgage loans |
| 1,812 |
| 2.5 |
| 79.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Other collateralized debt obligations |
| 1,613 |
| 2.3 |
| 74.1 |
| 35.3 |
| 27.0 |
| 27.3 |
| 8.2 |
| 2.2 |
| |
Other asset-backed securities |
| 908 |
| 1.3 |
| 92.1 |
| 34.4 |
| 19.9 |
| 28.6 |
| 11.1 |
| 6.0 |
| |
Total ABS |
| $ | 4,333 |
| 6.1 | % | 79.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ABS RMBS portfolio includes securities that are collateralized by mortgage loans issued to borrowers that cannot qualify for Prime or Alt-A financing terms due in part to weak or limited credit history. It also includes securities that are collateralized by certain second lien mortgages regardless of the borrower’s credit history.
The following table presents additional information about our ABS RMBS portfolio including a summary by first and second lien collateral.
($ in millions) |
| Fair value at |
| % to Total |
| |
ABS RMBS |
|
|
|
|
| |
First lien: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Fixed rate (1) |
| $ | 583 |
| 0.8 | % |
Variable rate (1) |
| 924 |
| 1.3 |
| |
Total first lien (2) |
| 1,507 |
| 2.1 |
| |
Second lien: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Insured |
| 216 |
| 0.3 |
| |
Other |
| 75 |
| 0.1 |
| |
Total second lien (3) |
| 291 |
| 0.4 |
| |
Total ABS RMBS |
| $ | 1,798 |
| 2.5 | % |
(1) Fixed rate and variable rate refer to the primary interest rate characteristics of the underlying mortgages at the time of issuance.
(2) The credit ratings of the first lien ABS RMBS were 53.0% Aaa, 36.4% Aa, 6.9% A, 1.8% Baa and 1.9% Ba or lower at June 30, 2008.
(3) The credit ratings of the second lien ABS RMBS were 18.6% Aaa, 19.2% Aa, 33.0% A, 21.3% Baa and 7.9% Ba or lower at June 30, 2008.
31
As of June 30, 2008, the ABS RMBS portfolio had unrealized losses of $474 million. Fair value represents 79.1% of the amortized cost of these securities. ABS RMBS securities with a fair value less than 70% of amortized cost totaled $316 million, with unrealized losses of $350 million. During the first six months of 2008, we sold $19 million of ABS RMBS, recognizing a loss of $17 million. We also collected $87 million and $152 million of principal repayments consistent with the expected cash flows during the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively. Investment write-downs during the second quarter and first six months of 2008 were recorded on our ABS RMBS totaling $125 million and $146 million, respectively. In addition, $132 million of change in intent write-downs were recorded during the second quarter of 2008 on ABS RMBS.
When buying ABS RMBS securities from 2006 and 2007 vintages, we concentrated our holdings in securities that were senior or at the top of the structure and that were generally within the first three Aaa sub-classes of the capital structure, as it was expected that, in the unlikely event of losses in the underlying collateral, these sub-classes within the Aaa class would likely either be paid in full or receive substantial principal repayments before underlying mortgage losses would breach that level. However, when the underlying mortgage product was fixed-rate in nature, which we assessed to have stronger underwriting origination standards than variable rate collateral, we invested somewhat lower in the capital structure, such as securities below the first three Aaa sub-classes. The vast majority of our investment in either of these vintages was concentrated within originally rated Aaa or Aa securities.
The following table includes first lien non-insured ABS RMBS by vintage, the interest rate characteristics of the underlying mortgage product and our participation in the capital structure. The information in this table, together with the second lien non-insured, comprise the $1.48 billion of non-insured ABS RMBS.
|
| 2007 |
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
($ in millions) |
| Variable |
| Fixed |
| Total Fair |
| Total |
| Variable |
| Fixed |
| Total Fair |
| Total |
| Variable |
| Fixed |
| Total Fair |
| Total |
| ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||
First or Second Aaa class |
| $ | 83 |
| $ | 25 |
| $ | 108 |
| $ | 114 |
| $ | 234 |
| $ | 9 |
| $ | 243 |
| $ | 256 |
| $ | 4 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 4 |
| $ | 4 |
|
Third Aaa class |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 61 |
| 36 |
| 97 |
| 107 |
| 2 |
| — |
| 2 |
| 2 |
| ||||||||||||
Fourth Aaa class |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| ||||||||||||
Last cash flow Aaa class |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 7 |
| 7 |
| 10 |
| 9 |
| 17 |
| 26 |
| 26 |
| ||||||||||||
Other Aaa (1) |
| 24 |
| 121 |
| 145 |
| 145 |
| — |
| 59 |
| 59 |
| 62 |
| 23 |
| 82 |
| 105 |
| 107 |
| ||||||||||||
Total Aaa |
| 107 |
| 146 |
| 253 |
| 259 |
| 295 |
| 111 |
| 406 |
| 435 |
| 38 |
| 99 |
| 137 |
| 139 |
| ||||||||||||
Aa |
| 5 |
| 79 |
| 84 |
| 196 |
| 5 |
| 10 |
| 15 |
| 25 |
| 180 |
| 11 |
| 191 |
| 238 |
| ||||||||||||
A |
| — |
| 6 |
| 6 |
| 10 |
| — |
| 5 |
| 5 |
| 7 |
| 2 |
| 2 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| ||||||||||||
Baa |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 2 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| ||||||||||||
Total First Lien |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||
Non-Insured ABS RMBS |
| $ | 112 |
| $ | 231 |
| $ | 343 |
| $ | 465 |
| $ | 300 |
| $ | 127 |
| $ | 427 |
| $ | 469 |
| $ | 220 |
| $ | 112 |
| $ | 332 |
| $ | 382 |
|
|
| Pre- 2005 |
| Total |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
($ in millions) |
| Variable |
| Fixed |
| Total Fair |
| Total |
| Variable |
| Fixed |
| Total Fair |
| Total |
| Unrealized |
| |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
First or Second Aaa class |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | 321 |
| $ | 34 |
| $ | 355 |
| $ | 374 |
| $ | (19 | ) |
Third Aaa class |
| 4 |
| — |
| 4 |
| 4 |
| 67 |
| 36 |
| 103 |
| 113 |
| (10 | ) | |||||||||
Fourth Aaa class |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| |||||||||
Last cash flow Aaa class |
| 8 |
| 6 |
| 14 |
| 15 |
| 17 |
| 30 |
| 47 |
| 51 |
| (4 | ) | |||||||||
Other Aaa (1) |
| — |
| 23 |
| 23 |
| 23 |
| 47 |
| 285 |
| 332 |
| 337 |
| (5 | ) | |||||||||
Total Aaa |
| 12 |
| 29 |
| 41 |
| 42 |
| 452 |
| 385 |
| 837 |
| 875 |
| (38 | ) | |||||||||
Aa |
| 208 |
| 16 |
| 224 |
| 246 |
| 398 |
| 116 |
| 514 |
| 705 |
| (191 | ) | |||||||||
A |
| 41 |
| 1 |
| 42 |
| 54 |
| 43 |
| 14 |
| 57 |
| 76 |
| (19 | ) | |||||||||
Baa |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 2 |
| (1 | ) | |||||||||
Total First Lien |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
Non-Insured ABS RMBS |
| $ | 261 |
| $ | 46 |
| $ | 307 |
| $ | 342 |
| $ | 893 |
| $ | 516 |
| $ | 1,409 |
| $ | 1,658 |
| $ | (249 | ) |
(1) Includes primarily pass-through securities and “NAS” bonds. NAS bonds are typically locked out from receiving principal prepayments for a specified period of time after which they receive prepayment allocations according to a specified formula.
We also own approximately $75 million of second lien ABS RMBS non-insured securities, representing 79.8% of amortized cost. Approximately $32 million, or 42.7%, of this portfolio are 2006 and 2007 vintage years.
At June 30, 2008, $314 million or 17.5% of the total ABS RMBS securities are insured by 4 bond insurers and 92.0% were rated investment grade. $1.42 billion or 79.1% of the portfolio consisted of securities that were issued during 2005, 2006 and 2007. At June 30, 2008, 55.0% of securities issued during 2005, 2006 and 2007 were rated Aaa, 26.0% rated Aa, 9.8% rated A, 6.2% rated Baa and 3.0% rated Ba or lower.
32
The following table shows our insured ABS RMBS portfolio at June 30, 2008 by bond insurer and vintage year for the first lien and second lien collateral.
|
| Vintage Year |
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||||
($ in millions) |
| 2007 |
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| Pre-2005 |
| Fair |
| Amortized |
| Unrealized |
| |||||||
First Lien: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Financial Guarantee Insurance Company (“FGIC”) |
| $ | 13 |
| $ | 6 |
| $ | 9 |
| $ | 8 |
| $ | 36 |
| $ | 48 |
| $ | (12 | ) |
Ambac Financial Group, Inc. (“AMBAC”) |
| — |
| 3 |
| 20 |
| 4 |
| 27 |
| 38 |
| (11 | ) | |||||||
MBIA, Inc. (“MBIA”) |
| — |
| — |
| 7 |
| — |
| 7 |
| 7 |
| — |
| |||||||
Financial Security Assurance Inc. (“FSA”) |
| 28 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 28 |
| 28 |
| — |
| |||||||
CIFG Holding (“CIFG”) |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| |||||||
Total First Lien |
| 41 |
| 9 |
| 36 |
| 12 |
| 98 |
| 121 |
| (23 | ) | |||||||
Second Lien: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
FGIC |
| 9 |
| 43 |
| 4 |
| — |
| 56 |
| 128 |
| (72 | ) | |||||||
AMBAC |
| 11 |
| 14 |
| 2 |
| 23 |
| 50 |
| 73 |
| (23 | ) | |||||||
MBIA |
| 88 |
| 4 |
| — |
| 2 |
| 94 |
| 161 |
| (67 | ) | |||||||
FSA |
| 11 |
| 5 |
| — |
| — |
| 16 |
| 37 |
| (21 | ) | |||||||
XL Capital Assurance Inc. (“XLCA”) |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| |||||||
Total Second Lien |
| 119 |
| 66 |
| 6 |
| 25 |
| 216 |
| 399 |
| (183 | ) | |||||||
Total Insured ABS RMBS |
| $ | 160 |
| $ | 75 |
| $ | 42 |
| $ | 37 |
| $ | 314 |
| $ | 520 |
| $ | (206 | ) |
ABS CDO are securities collateralized by a variety of residential mortgage-backed securities and other securities, which may include sub-prime RMBS. Fair value represents 116.7% of the amortized cost of these securities. During both the second quarter and first six months of 2008, we sold $1 million of ABS CDO. Investment write-downs during the second quarter and first six months of 2008 were recorded on our ABS CDO totaling $3 million and $63 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2008, the ABS CDO portfolio had unrealized gains of $2 million.
Other collateralized debt obligations totaled $1.61 billion and 97.8% are rated investment grade at June 30, 2008. Other collateralized debt obligations consist primarily of obligations secured by high yield and investment grade corporate credits including $998 million of collateralized loan obligations; $193 million of synthetic CDOs; $158 million of primarily bank trust preferred CDOs; $99 million of market value CDOs; $44 million of CDOs that invest in other CDOs (“CDO squared”); and $25 million of collateralized bond obligations. As of June 30, 2008, net unrealized losses on the other CDOs were $564 million. Other CDOs with a fair value less than 70% of amortized cost totaled $377 million, or 23.4% of the total other CDOs at June 30, 2008, with unrealized losses of $327 million.
Other asset-backed securities consist primarily of investments secured by portfolios of credit card loans, auto loans, student loans and other consumer and corporate obligations. As of June 30, 2008, the net unrealized losses on these securities were $78 million. Additionally, all of the other asset-backed securities that are rated Aaa, Aa, A and Baa were insured by four bond insurers. During the second quarter and first six months of 2008, we sold $2 million and $20 million of these securities, respectively, recognizing a gain of $1 million and $2 million, respectively. In addition, we acquired $11 million of securities during the first six months of 2008. We also collected $5 million and $10 million of principal repayments consistent with the expected cash flows during the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively.
As of June 30, 2008, we hold $2.72 billion of fixed income securities that are insured by bond insurers, including approximately $2.15 billion or 52.9% of our municipal bond portfolio, $314 million of our ABS RMBS and $221 million of our other asset-backed securities. Additionally, we hold $12 million of corporate bonds and credit default swaps that were directly issued by these bond insurers. 52.9% of our municipal bond portfolio is insured by seven bond insurers and 40.6% have a Moody’s equivalent rating of Aaa or Aa. Our practices for acquiring and monitoring municipal bonds are primarily based on the quality of the underlying security. As of June 30, 2008, we believe the valuations already reflected a decline in the value of the insurance, and further such declines, if any, are not expected to be material. While the valuation of these holdings may be temporarily impacted by negative and rapidly changing market developments, we continue to have the intent and ability to hold the bonds and expect to receive all of the contractual cash flows. As of June 30, 2008, 35.1% of our insured municipal bond portfolio was insured by MBIA, 15.3% by AMBAC, 17.1% by FSA and 22.1% by FGIC.
33
Included in our municipal bond portfolio at June 30, 2008 are $753 million of auction rate securities (“ARS”) that have long-term stated maturities, with the interest rate reset based on auctions that generally occur every 7, 28 or 35 days depending on the specific security. This is compared to a balance of ARS at December 31, 2007 of $866 million, with the decline representing primarily redemptions during the second quarter of 2008. Our holdings primarily have a Moody’s equivalent rating of Aaa. We make our investment decisions based on the underlying credit of each security. Approximately $745 million of our holdings are pools of student loans for which at least 85% of the collateral was insured by the U.S. Department of Education at the time we purchased the security. As of June 30, 2008, $511 million of our ARS backed by student loans was 100% insured by the U.S. Department of Education, $171 million was 90% to 99% insured and $63 million was 80% to 89% insured. During the second quarter of 2008, all of our ARS holdings experienced failed auctions and we received the failed auction rate or, for those which contain maximum reset rate formulas, we received the contractual maximum rate. We anticipate that failed auctions may persist and most of our holdings will continue to pay the failed auction rate or, for those that contain maximum rate reset formulas, the maximum rate, as described below. Auctions continue to be conducted as scheduled for each of the securities.
We estimate that approximately one third of our student loan backed ARS include maximum rate reset formulas whereby when the failed auction rate exceeds an annual contractual maximum rate over a preceding stipulated period, the coupon interest rate is temporarily reset to the maximum rate, which can vary between zero and the failed auction rate. This maximum rate formula causes the reset interest rate on these securities to be lower than the failed auction rate in order to reduce the annual interest rate so that it does not exceed the annual contractual maximum rate. Generally, the annual contractual maximum rate is higher than the historical rates paid on these securities. During the second quarter of 2008, $131 million of our ARS reset using the maximum rate reset formula.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac direct fixed income and equity exposure investments totaled $421 million as of June 30, 2008. The following table shows our direct exposure to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac at June 30, 2008.
($ in millions) |
| Fannie Mae |
| Freddie Mac |
| Total |
| |||
Fixed Income Securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Fair Value |
| $ | 327 |
| $ | 87 |
| $ | 414 |
|
Net Unrealized Capital Gains (Losses) |
| 24 |
| 1 |
| 25 |
| |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Equity Securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Fair Value |
| $ | 7 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 7 |
|
Net Unrealized Capital Gains (Losses) |
| 2 |
| — |
| 2 |
|
Limited partnership interests consist of investments in private equity/debt funds, real estate funds and hedge funds. The overall limited partnership interests portfolio is well diversified across a number of metrics including fund sponsors, vintage years, strategies, geography (including international), and company/property types. At June 30, 2008, our limited partnership interests comprise:
Private equity/debt funds - Approximately 55% or $632 million of the limited partnership interests comprised private equity/debt funds diversified across the following fund types: buyout, mezzanine, distressed security, and secondary offerings. Private/equity debt funds were spread across 70 sponsors and 92 individual funds. The largest exposure to any single private equity/debt fund was $20 million.
Real estate funds - Approximately 38% or $438 million of the limited partnership interests comprised real estate funds diversified across a variety of strategies including opportunistic, value-add platforms, distressed property, and property/market specific. Real estate funds were spread across 30 sponsors and 50 individual funds. The largest exposure to any single real estate fund was $36 million.
Hedge funds - Approximately 7% or $80 million of the limited partnership interests comprised hedge funds with the majority invested with fund of funds advisors. Hedge funds were spread across 3 sponsors and 176 individual funds. The largest exposure to any single hedge fund was $5 million.
Our aggregate limited partnership exposure represented 1.6% and 1.4% of total invested assets as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. Income from limited partnership interest was $13 million and $37 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2008, respectively, versus $20 million and $32 million for the same periods in 2007, respectively. The decline was primarily related to reduced income from both real estate funds and hedge funds as capital market deleveraging has slowed the pace at which portfolio holdings are being sold.
34
Unrealized net capital losses totaled $1.05 billion as of June 30, 2008, compared to unrealized net capital gains of $417 million at December 31, 2007. The decline was primarily due to investment grade fixed income securities as the yields supporting fair values increased, resulting from widening credit spreads and relatively flat risk-free interest rates. This increase in fixed income unrealized net capital losses more than offset the decline in unrealized net capital losses resulting from the realization of capital losses on write-downs, change in intent to hold to recovery and sales. We continue to experience volatility in the balance of our unrealized net capital gains and losses as we did between the years 2004/2005 and 2006/2007. The following table presents total unrealized gains and losses.
|
| June 30, |
| December 31, |
| ||
($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| ||
U.S. government and agencies |
| $ | 823 |
| $ | 880 |
|
Municipal |
| (105 | ) | 76 |
| ||
Corporate |
| (504 | ) | 111 |
| ||
Foreign government |
| 340 |
| 371 |
| ||
Mortgage-backed securities |
| (67 | ) | (9 | ) | ||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities |
| (384 | ) | (310 | ) | ||
Asset-backed securities |
| (1,114 | ) | (670 | ) | ||
Redeemable preferred stock |
| (1 | ) | — |
| ||
Fixed income securities |
| (1,012 | ) | 449 |
| ||
Equity securities |
| — |
| — |
| ||
Derivatives |
| (41 | ) | (32 | ) | ||
Unrealized net gains and losses |
| $ | (1,053 | ) | $ | 417 |
|
The net unrealized loss for the fixed income portfolio totaled $1.01 billion, comprised of $1.80 billion of unrealized gains and $2.81 billion of unrealized losses at June 30, 2008. This is compared to a net unrealized gain for the fixed income portfolio totaling $449 million at December 31, 2007, comprised of $2.26 billion of unrealized gains and $1.81 billion of unrealized losses. Included in gross unrealized losses at June 30, 2008 were $939 million of fixed income securities with a fair value below 70% of amortized cost, or 1.8% of our fixed income portfolio at June 30, 2008. The percentage of fair value to amortized cost for the remaining fixed income gross unrealized losses at June 30, 2008 are shown in the following table.
($ in millions) |
| Unrealized |
| Fair value |
| % to Total |
| ||
> 80% of amortized cost |
| $ | (1,426 | ) | $ | 25,020 |
| 48.2 | % |
70% to 80% of amortized cost |
| (573 | ) | 1,763 |
| 3.4 |
| ||
< 70% of amortized cost |
| (817 | ) | 939 |
| 1.8 |
| ||
Gross unrealized losses on fixed income securities |
| (2,816 | ) | 27,722 |
| 53.4 |
| ||
Gross unrealized gains on fixed income securities |
| 1,804 |
| 24,151 |
| 46.6 |
| ||
Net unrealized gains and losses on fixed income securities |
| $ | (1,012 | ) | $ | 51,873 |
| 100.0 | % |
73.8% of the fixed income securities with a fair value less than 70% of amortized cost were ABS RMBS, Alt-A and other CDOs with a fair value totaling $693 million. We continue to believe that the unrealized losses on these securities are not necessarily predictive of the ultimate performance. The unrealized losses should reverse over the remaining lives of the securities in the absence of further deterioration in the collateral relative to our positions in the securities’ respective capital structures.
Of the gross unrealized losses in the fixed income portfolio at June 30, 2008, $2.61 billion or 92.5% were related to investment grade securities and are primarily interest rate related. Of the remaining $210 million of unrealized losses in the fixed income portfolio, $153 million or 72.9% were in the corporate fixed income portfolio and primarily comprised securities in the consumer goods, financial services, utilities, communications and banking sectors. The gross unrealized losses in these sectors were primarily related to changes in interest rates and credit spreads, and company specific conditions.
35
The gross unrealized gains and losses for the equity portfolio each totaled $4 million at June 30, 2008. This is compared to $5 million each for both unrealized gains and losses at December 31, 2007. Within the equity portfolio, the losses were primarily concentrated in the financial services and basic industry sectors. The unrealized losses in these sectors were company and sector specific.
We have a comprehensive portfolio monitoring process to identify and evaluate, on a case-by-case basis, fixed income and equity securities whose carrying value may be other-than-temporarily impaired. The process includes a quarterly review of all securities using a screening process to identify situations where the fair value, compared to amortized cost for fixed income securities, and cost for equity securities is below established thresholds for certain time periods, or which are identified through other monitoring criteria such as ratings, ratings downgrades or payment defaults. The securities identified, in addition to other securities for which we may have a concern, are evaluated based on facts and circumstances for inclusion on our watch-list. All investments in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2008 were included in our portfolio monitoring process for determining whether declines in value were other-than-temporary. We also conduct a portfolio review to recognize impairment on securities in an unrealized loss position for which we do not have the intent and ability to hold until recovery as a result of approved programs involving the disposition of investments for reasons such as changes in economic and market outlooks, duration, revisions to strategic asset allocations, unanticipated liquidity actions, investment risk mitigation actions and unanticipated federal income tax situations involving capital gain (loss) carryforwards and carrybacks with specific expiration dates, as well as changes in intent to hold certain investments by portfolio managers.
The following table summarizes fixed income and equity securities in a gross unrealized loss position according to significance, aging and investment grade classification.
|
| June 30, 2008 |
| December 31, 2007 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
|
| Fixed Income |
|
|
|
|
| Fixed Income |
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||
($ in millions, except number of |
| Investment |
| Below |
| Equity |
| Total |
| Investment |
| Below |
| Equity |
| Total |
| ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Category (I): Unrealized loss less than 20% of cost(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Number of Issues |
| 2,509 |
| 229 |
| 37 |
| 2,775 |
| 2,403 |
| 227 |
| 9 |
| 2,639 |
| ||||||||
Fair Value |
| $ | 23,612 |
| $ | 1,373 |
| $ | 62 |
| $ | 25,047 |
| $ | 22,615 |
| $ | 1,517 |
| $ | 64 |
| $ | 24,196 |
|
Unrealized |
| $ | (1,301 | ) | $ | (116 | ) | $ | (3 | ) | $ | (1,420 | ) | $ | (1,129 | ) | $ | (106 | ) | $ | (5 | ) | $ | (1,240 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Category (II): Unrealized loss greater than or equal to 20% of cost for a period of less than 6 consecutive months(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Number of Issues |
| 279 |
| 35 |
| 2 |
| 316 |
| 156 |
| 18 |
| — |
| 174 |
| ||||||||
Fair Value |
| $ | 2,369 |
| $ | 187 |
| $ | 3 |
| $ | 2,559 |
| $ | 945 |
| $ | 107 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 1,052 |
|
Unrealized |
| $ | (1,068 | ) | $ | (83 | ) | $ | (1 | ) | $ | (1,152 | ) | $ | (514 | ) | $ | (62 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | (576 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Category (III): Unrealized loss greater than or equal to 20% of cost for a period of 6 or more consecutive months, but less than 12 consecutive months(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Number of Issues |
| 45 |
| 4 |
| — |
| 49 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| ||||||||
Fair Value |
| $ | 164 |
| $ | 17 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 181 |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
|
Unrealized |
| $ | (237 | ) | $ | (11 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | (248 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Category (IV): Unrealized loss greater than or equal to 20% of cost for 12 or more consecutive months(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Number of Issues |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| ||||||||
Fair Value |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
|
Unrealized |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Total Number of Issues |
| 2,833 |
| 268 |
| 39 |
| 3,140 |
| 2,559 |
| 245 |
| 9 |
| 2,813 |
| ||||||||
Total Fair Value |
| $ | 26,145 |
| $ | 1,577 |
| $ | 65 |
| $ | 27,787 |
| $ | 23,560 |
| $ | 1,624 |
| $ | 64 |
| $ | 25,248 |
|
Total Unrealized Losses |
| $ | (2,606 | ) | $ | (210 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | $ | (2,820 | ) | $ | (1,643 | ) | $ | (168 | ) | $ | (5 | ) | $ | (1,816 | ) |
(1) For fixed income securities, cost represents amortized cost.
36
The largest individual unrealized loss was $11 million for category (I), $31 million for category (II) and $22 million for category (III) as of June 30, 2008.
Categories (I) and (II) have generally been adversely affected by overall economic conditions including interest rate increases and the market’s evaluation of certain sectors. The degree to which and/or length of time that the securities have been in an unrealized loss position does not suggest that these securities pose a high risk of being other-than-temporarily impaired. Categories (III) and (IV) have primarily been historically adversely affected by industry and issue specific, or issuer specific conditions. All of the securities in these categories are monitored for other-than-temporary impairment.
We continue to believe that the unrealized losses on these securities are not necessarily predictive of the ultimate performance. The unrealized losses should reverse over the remaining lives of the securities, including in the absence of further deterioration in the collateral relative to our positions in the securities’ respective capital structures. We have the intent and ability to hold these securities until recovery.
Whenever our initial analysis indicates that a fixed income security’s unrealized loss of 20% or more for at least 36 months or any equity security’s unrealized loss of 20% or more for at least 12 months is temporary, additional evaluations and management approvals are required to substantiate that a write-down is not appropriate. As of June 30, 2008, no securities met these criteria.
We also monitor the quality of our fixed income and bank loan portfolios by categorizing certain investments as “problem”, “restructured” or “potential problem.” Problem fixed income securities and bank loans are in default with respect to principal or interest and/or are investments issued by companies that have gone into bankruptcy subsequent to our acquisition or loan. Restructured fixed income and bank loan investments have rates and terms that are not consistent with market rates or terms prevailing at the time of the restructuring. Potential problem fixed income or bank loan investments are current with respect to contractual principal and/or interest, but because of other facts and circumstances, we have concerns regarding the borrower’s ability to pay future principal and interest, which causes us to believe these investments may be classified as problem or restructured in the future.
The following table summarizes problem, restructured and potential problem fixed income securities and bank loans.
|
| June 30, 2008 |
| December 31, 2007 |
| ||||||||||||
($ in millions) |
| Amortized |
| Fair |
| Percent of |
| Amortized |
| Fair |
| Percent of |
| ||||
Problem |
| $ | 42 |
| $ | 44 |
| 0.1 | % | $ | 14 |
| $ | 14 |
| — | % |
Restructured |
| 5 |
| 5 |
| — |
| 5 |
| 6 |
| — |
| ||||
Potential problem |
| 287 |
| 283 |
| 0.5 |
| 218 |
| 172 |
| 0.3 |
| ||||
Total net carrying value |
| $ | 334 |
| $ | 332 |
| 0.6 | % | $ | 237 |
| $ | 192 |
| 0.3 | % |
Cumulative write-downs recognized (1) |
| $ | 564 |
|
|
|
|
| $ | 261 |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) Cumulative write-downs recognized only reflects write-downs related to securities within the problem, potential problem and restructured categories.
We have experienced an increase in the amortized cost of investments categorized as problem and potential problem as of June 30, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007. The increase was primarily due to additions of certain residential mortgage-backed securities, including Alt-A, Prime and ABS RMBS. Partly offsetting the increase were write-downs of investments categorized as potential problem at December 31, 2007, including certain ABS CDOs.
We also evaluated each of these investments through our portfolio monitoring process at June 30, 2008 and recorded write-downs when appropriate. We further concluded that any remaining unrealized losses on these investments were temporary in nature and that we have the intent and ability to hold the securities until recovery. While these balances may increase in the future, particularly if economic conditions are unfavorable, management expects that the total amount of investments in these categories will remain low relative to the total fixed income securities and bank loans portfolios.
37
Net Investment Income The following table presents net investment income.
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Six Months Ended |
| ||||||||
($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Fixed income securities |
| $ | 772 |
| $ | 905 |
| $ | 1,598 |
| $ | 1,793 |
|
Equity securities |
| 3 |
| 1 |
| 4 |
| 2 |
| ||||
Mortgage loans |
| 145 |
| 134 |
| 291 |
| 266 |
| ||||
Limited partnership interests |
| 13 |
| 20 |
| 37 |
| 32 |
| ||||
Short-term |
| 32 |
| 22 |
| 48 |
| 45 |
| ||||
Other |
| (7 | ) | 43 |
| 13 |
| 84 |
| ||||
Investment income, before expense |
| 958 |
| 1,125 |
| 1,991 |
| 2,222 |
| ||||
Investment expense |
| 36 |
| 72 |
| 77 |
| 139 |
| ||||
Net investment income |
| $ | 922 |
| $ | 1,053 |
| $ | 1,914 |
| $ | 2,083 |
|
Net Realized Capital Gains and Losses The following table presents the components of realized capital gains and losses and the related tax effect.
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Six Months Ended |
| ||||||||
($ in millions) |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Investment write-downs (1) |
| $ | (199 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | $ | (403 | ) | $ | (5 | ) |
Sales |
| (13 | ) | (5 | ) | (56 | ) | 50 |
| ||||
Change in intent write-downs |
| (730 | ) | (44 | ) | (754 | ) | (65 | ) | ||||
Valuation of derivative instruments |
| 8 |
| 135 |
| (194 | ) | 115 |
| ||||
Settlement of derivative instruments |
| 2 |
| 22 |
| 47 |
| 31 |
| ||||
Realized capital gains and losses, pre-tax |
| (932 | ) | 104 |
| (1,360 | ) | 126 |
| ||||
Income tax benefit (expense) |
| 326 |
| (37 | ) | 476 |
| (45 | ) | ||||
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax |
| $ | (606 | ) | $ | 67 |
| $ | (884 | ) | $ | 81 |
|
(1) Investment write-downs include other-than-temporary impairments except for those related to changes in intent.
The above table includes realized capital gains and losses as a result of sales, change in intent write-downs and other transactions such as calls and prepayments. We may sell or change our assertion to hold a security until recovery for impaired fixed income or equity securities that were in an unrealized loss position at the previous reporting date, or other investments where the fair value has declined below the carrying value, in situations where new facts and circumstances emerge or increase in significance that are anticipated to adversely impact a security’s future valuation; including negative developments in a holding, subsequent credit deterioration of an issuer or holding, subsequent further deterioration in capital markets (i.e. debt and equity) and of domestic economic conditions to levels previously unanticipated, subsequent further deterioration in the financial services and real estate industries, unanticipated liquidity needs and unanticipated federal income tax situations involving capital gain (loss) carryforwards and carrybacks with specific expiration dates, investment risk mitigation strategies, and other new facts and circumstances that would cause a change in our previous intent to hold a security to recovery or maturity.
Investment write-downs for the three months ended June 30, 2008 comprised $189 million from fixed income securities, $5 million from equity securities, $4 million from limited partnership interests and $1 million from other investments compared to $4 million from fixed income securities for the same period of the prior year. Investment write-downs for the six months ended June 30, 2008 comprised $386 million from fixed income securities, $6 million from equity securities, $7 million from limited partnership interests and $4 million from other investments compared to $4 million from fixed income securities and $1 million from short-term investments for the same period of the prior year. $182 million, or 96.3% and $333 million, or 86.3% of the fixed income security write-downs for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, relate to impaired securities that were
38
performing in line with anticipated or contractual cash flows, but which were written down primarily because of further expected deterioration in the performance of the underlying collateral. As of June 30, 2008, for these securities, there have been no defaults or defaults that occurred in classes lower in the capital structure. $7 million and $35 million of the fixed income security write-downs for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, primarily related to securities experiencing a significant departure from anticipated residual cash flows, however, we believe they retain economic value.
Investment write-downs and cash received on these investments were as follows:
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Six Months Ended |
| ||||||||
($ in millions) |
| Investment |
| Cash |
| Investment |
| Cash |
| ||||
Performing in accordance with anticipated or contractual cash flows |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Prime |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | (9 | ) | $ | 64 |
|
Alt–A |
| (2 | ) | — |
| (41 | ) | 8 |
| ||||
ABS RMBS |
| (121 | ) | 3 |
| (142 | ) | 9 |
| ||||
ABS CDO |
| (3 | ) | — |
| (63 | ) | 2 |
| ||||
CMBS/CRE CDO |
| (39 | ) | 1 |
| (39 | ) | 4 |
| ||||
Corporate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Bond insurer |
| (17 | ) | — |
| (17 | ) | 1 |
| ||||
Bond reinsurer – convertible to perpetual security |
| — |
| — |
| (20 | ) | 1 |
| ||||
Other |
| — |
| 1 |
| (2 | ) | 2 |
| ||||
Subtotal (1) |
| (182 | ) | 5 |
| (333 | ) | 91 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Departure from anticipated or contractual cash flows |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Future cash flows expected – |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Residual interest trust security |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| ||||
Other |
| — |
| — |
| (1 | ) | — |
| ||||
Subtotal (2) |
| — |
| — |
| (1 | ) | — |
| ||||
Future cash flows very uncertain - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Collateralized loan obligation |
| — |
| — |
| (18 | ) | — |
| ||||
ABS RMBS |
| (4 | ) | — |
| (4 | ) | 1 |
| ||||
Corporate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Food manufacturer |
| (3 | ) | — |
| (3 | ) | — |
| ||||
Bond insurer |
| — |
| — |
| (10 | ) | — |
| ||||
Subtotal |
| (7 | ) | — |
| (35 | ) | 1 |
| ||||
Investments disposed during the quarter |
| — |
| — |
| (17 | ) | 23 |
| ||||
Total fixed income securities |
| $ | (189 | ) | $ | 5 |
| $ | (386 | ) | $ | 115 |
|
Total equity securities |
| $ | (5 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | (6 | ) | $ | — |
|
Total limited partnership interests |
| $ | (4 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | (7 | ) | $ | — |
|
Total other investments |
| $ | (1 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | (4 | ) | $ | 1 |
|
(1) Written down primarily because of expected deterioration in the performance of the underlying collateral. As of June 30, 2008, for the securities with direct interest in the lender, there have been no defaults. For securities supported by collateral, there have been no defaults or defaults that have occurred in classes lower in the capital structure.
(2) While these fixed income security write-downs were valued at a significant discount to cost, we believe these securities retain economic value.
(3) During the second quarter of 2008, we sold our mortgage lender securities that were written down at March 31, 2008 recognizing an additional gain of $2 million. Additionally, a bond insurer was reclassified from performing in the first quarter of 2008 to departure from anticipated cash flows in the second quarter of 2008.
(4) Cash received includes both income and principal collected during the period.
Notwithstanding our intent and ability to hold these securities with investment write-downs, we concluded that we could not reasonably assert that the recovery period would be temporary.
Change in intent write-downs for the three months ended June 30, 2008 totaled $730 million and comprised net realized losses on fixed income of $687 million, equity of $11 million and mortgage loans of $32 million, compared to realized losses on fixed income of $25 million and mortgage loans of $19 million for the same period of the prior
39
year. Change in intent write-downs for the six months ended June 30, 2008 totaled $754 million comprised net realized losses on fixed income of $709 million, mortgage loans of $33 million and equity of $12 million compared to net realized losses on fixed income of $46 million and mortgage loans of $19 million for the same period of the prior year.
Change in intent write-downs for the three months ended June 30, 2008 are presented in the table below.
|
|
|
| Financial |
|
|
| Net realized |
| ||
($ in millions) |
| Security Type |
| Measurements |
| Fair value at |
| Three Months |
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Risk Mitigation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Targeted reductions in commercial real estate exposure |
| CRE CDO |
| 3 |
| $ | 375 |
| $ | (248 | ) |
where it is anticipated that future downside risk remains. |
| CMBS |
| 2 |
| 235 |
| (95 | ) | ||
Considerations included position held in the capital structure, vintage year, illiquidity and deteriorating |
|
|
| 3 |
| 32 |
| (32 | ) | ||
fundamentals. |
| Mortgage loans |
| 3 |
| 265 |
| (32 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Targeted reductions in residential real estate where management believes there is a risk of future material |
| Prime |
| 2 |
| 105 |
| (8 | ) | ||
declines in price in the event of continued deterioration in the economy. Considerations included position held |
| Alt-A |
| 3 |
| 116 |
| (29 | ) | ||
in the capital structure, projected performance of the collateral, and expected internal rates of return. |
| ABS RMBS |
| 3 |
| 617 |
| (132 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Targeted reductions in financial sector exposure included securities issued by certain regional banks and certain large financial institutions. |
| Financial Sector |
| 1 |
| 2 |
| — |
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
| Other |
| 2 |
| 152 |
| (20 | ) | ||
|
|
|
| 3 |
| 25 |
| (2 | ) | ||
Total Risk Mitigation |
|
|
|
|
| 2,638 |
| (714 | ) | ||
Individual Identification |
|
|
|
|
| 291 |
| (16 | ) | ||
EAA |
|
|
|
|
| — |
| — |
| ||
Other |
|
|
|
|
| 37 |
| — |
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Total change in intent |
|
|
|
|
| $ | 2,966 |
| $ | (730 | ) |
Net realized capital gains on the valuation and settlement of derivative instruments totaled $10 million for the second quarter of 2008, primarily comprised $27 million for risk reduction programs and $(16) million for the valuation of equity indexed notes and convertible fixed income securities. Gains from the risk reduction programs, primarily in our duration management programs, were related to changing interest rates and credit spreads as rates declined during the period. Net realized capital losses on the valuation and settlement of derivative instruments totaled $147 million for the first six months of 2008, primarily comprised $127 million for the valuation of equity indexed notes and convertible fixed income securities.
At June 30, 2008, our securities with embedded options totaled $1.32 billion and decreased in fair value from December 31, 2007 by $183 million, comprising realized capital losses related to the valuation of embedded options of $127 million, net sales activity of $66 million in realized capital losses, and unrealized net capital losses reported in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) of $10 million for the host security. Unrealized capital losses were further increased by $13 million due to amortization of the host security. The change in the fair value of embedded options is bifurcated from the host securities, separately valued and reported in realized capital gains and losses, while the change in value of the host securities is reported in OCI. Total fair value exceeded total amortized cost by $9 million at June 30, 2008. Valuation gains and losses are converted into cash for securities with embedded options upon our election to sell these securities. In the event the economic value of the options is not realized, we will recover the par value if held to maturity. Total fair value exceeded par value by $55 million at June 30, 2008.
Losses from the previously established risk reduction programs, primarily in our duration management programs, were related to changing interest rates and credit spreads as rates declined during the period.
40
A changing interest rate environment will drive changes in our portfolio duration targets at a tactical level. A duration target and range is established with an economic view of liabilities relative to a long-term portfolio view. Tactical duration management is accomplished through both cash market transactions including new purchases and derivative activities that generate realized gains and losses. As a component of our approach to managing portfolio duration, realized gains and losses on certain derivative instruments are most appropriately considered in conjunction with the unrealized gains and losses on the fixed income portfolio. This approach mitigates the impacts of general interest rate changes to the overall financial condition of the Company.
The table below presents the realized capital gains and losses (pre-tax) on the valuation and settlement of derivative instruments shown by underlying exposure and derivative strategy.
|
| Six months ended June 30, |
|
|
| ||||||||||
|
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| YTD 2008 Explanations |
| ||||||||
($ in millions) |
| Valuation |
| Settlements |
| Total |
| Total |
|
|
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Risk Reduction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Interest rate caps, floors and swaps are used to align interest-rate sensitivities of assets and liabilities. The contracts settle based on differences between current market rates and a contractually specified fixed rate through expiration. The change in valuation reflects the changing value of expected future settlements, which may vary over the period of the contracts. The loss should offset unrealized gain in OCI to the extent it relates to changes in risk-free rates, however any offset was reduced by the impact of widening credit spreads. The 2008 loss resulted from declining interest rates. |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Anticipatory hedging |
| — |
| 23 |
| 23 |
| 6 |
| Futures used to protect investment spread from interest rate changes during mismatches in the timing of cash flows between product sales and the related investment activity. The contracts are cash settled daily and can be exited at any time for a minimal additional cost. If the cash flow mismatches are such that a positive net investment position is being hedged, there is an offset for the related investments’ unrealized gain or loss in OCI. The 2008 YTD amounts reflect decreases in risk-free interest rates on a net long position as liability issuances exceeded asset acquisitions. |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Hedging of interest rate exposure in annuity contracts |
| (9) |
| 6 |
| (3) |
| 8 |
| Interest rate caps used to hedge the effect of changing crediting rates that are indexed to changes in treasury rates on certain annuity contracts. The change in valuation reflects the changing value of expected future settlements including the underlying cost to hedge the treasury-rate index feature. The offset to the product hedging cost is reflected in the base crediting rates on the underlying annuity policies, which is reported in credited interest. The value of expected future settlements and the associated value of future credited interest, which is reportable in future periods when incurred, decreased in 2008 due to the decline in interest rates. |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Hedging unrealized gains on equity indexed notes |
| — |
| 2 |
| 2 |
| — |
|
|
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Hedge ineffectiveness |
| (9 | ) | (2 | ) | (11 | ) | 9 |
| The hedge ineffectiveness of $(9) million includes $23 million in realized capital losses on swaps that were offset by $14 million in realized capital gains on the hedged risk. |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Foreign currency contracts |
| — |
| (3 | ) | (3 | ) | — |
|
|
| ||||
Total Risk reduction |
| $ | (47 | ) | $ | 43 |
| $ | (4 | ) | $ | 60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Income generation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Asset replication – credit exposure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Credit default swaps are used to replicate fixed income securities and to complement the cash market when credit exposure to certain issuers is not available or when the derivative alternative is less expensive than the cash market alternative. The credit default swaps typically have five—year terms for which we receive periodic premiums through expiration. Valuation gains and losses will reverse if allowed to expire. The 2008 YTD changes in valuation are due to widening credit spreads, and would only be converted to cash upon disposition or a default on an underlying credit obligation. |
|
41
|
| Six months ended June 30, |
|
|
| ||||||||||
|
| 2008 |
| 2007 |
| YTD 2008 Explanations |
| ||||||||
($ in millions) |
| Valuation |
| Settlements |
| Total |
| Total |
|
|
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Accounting |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Equity indexed notes |
| $ | (105) |
| $ | — |
| $ | (105) |
| $ | 58 |
| Equity–indexed notes are fixed income securities that contain embedded equity options. The changes in valuation of the embedded equity indexed call options are reported in realized capital gains and losses. The results generally track the performance of underlying equity indices. Valuation gains and losses are converted into cash upon sale. In the event the economic value of the options is not realized, we will recover the par value if held to maturity. Fair value exceeded par value by $28 million at June 30, 2008. The following table compares the June 30, 2008 holdings and December 31, 2007 holdings. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ($ in millions) |
| June 30, |
| Change |
| December 31, |
| |||
| Par value |
| $ | 800 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 800 |
|
| Amortized cost of host contract |
| $ | 507 |
| $ | 10 |
| $ | 497 |
|
| Fair value of equity–indexed call option |
| 317 |
| (105 | ) | 422 |
| |||
| Total amortized cost |
| $ | 824 |
| $ | (95 | ) | $ | 919 |
|
| Total Fair value |
| $ | 828 |
| $ | (96 | ) | $ | 924 |
|
| Unrealized gain/loss |
| $ | 4 |
| $ | (1 | ) | $ | 5 |
|
Conversion options in fixed income securities |
| (22) |
| — |
| (22) |
| 28 |
| Convertible bonds are fixed income securities that contain embedded options. Changes in valuation of the embedded option are reported in realized capital gains and losses. The results generally track the performance of underlying equity indices. Valuation gains and losses are converted into cash upon our election to sell these securities. In the event the economic value of the options is not realized, we will recover the par value if held to maturity. Fair value exceeded par value by $27 million at June 30, 2008. The following table compares the June 30, 2008 holdings and December 31, 2007 holdings. |
|
| ($ in millions) |
| June 30, |
| Change |
| Change due |
| December 31, |
| ||||
| Par value |
| $ | 466 |
| $ | — |
| $ | (93) |
| $ | 559 |
|
| Amortized cost of host contract |
| $ | 329 |
| $ | 3 |
| $ | (61 | ) | $ | 387 |
|
| Fair value of conversion option |
| 159 |
| (22 | ) | (9 | ) | 190 |
| ||||
| Total amortized cost |
| $ | 488 |
| $ | (19 | ) | $ | (70 | ) | $ | 577 |
|
| Total Fair value |
| $ | 493 |
| $ | (21 | ) | $ | (66 | ) | $ | 580 |
|
| Unrealized gain/loss |
| $ | 5 |
| $ | (2 | ) | $ | 4 |
| $ | 3 |
|
Total accounting |
| $ | (127) |
| $ | — |
| $ | (127) |
| $ | 86 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Total |
| $ | (194) |
| $ | 47 |
| $ | (147) |
| $ | 146 |
|
|
|
APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to adopt accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements.
In applying policies, management makes subjective and complex judgments that frequently require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. Many of these policies, estimates and related judgments are common in the insurance and financial services industries; others are specific to our businesses and operations. It is reasonably likely that changes in these estimates could occur from period to period and result in a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Our critical accounting estimate for the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities follows. For a description of critical accounting estimates not discussed below, see the Application of Critical Accounting Estimates section of MD&A found under Part II. Item 7. of the Allstate Life Insurance Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2007.
42
Fair Value of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157 as of January 1, 2008 for financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value. SFAS No. 157:
· Defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, and establishes a framework for measuring fair value;
· Establishes a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation as of the measurement date;
· Expands disclosures about financial instruments measured at fair value.
We categorize our financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities which we can access (Level 1); the second highest priority for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets, or valuation models whose inputs are observable (Level 2); and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If inputs used to measure a financial instrument fall within different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the entire instrument. Certain financial assets are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis, including investments such as mortgage loans, limited partnership interests, bank loans and policy loans, and thus are only categorized in the fair value hierarchy when held at fair value on a non-recurring basis. In addition, equity options embedded in fixed income securities are not disclosed in the hierarchy with free-standing derivatives as the embedded derivatives are presented as combined instruments in fixed income securities.
The availability of market observable information is the principal factor in determining the level that financial instruments are assigned in the three-level hierarchy. Observable inputs are those used by market participants in valuing financial instruments that are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. In the absence of sufficient observable inputs, unobservable inputs reflect our estimates of the assumptions market participants would use in valuing financial assets and financial liabilities and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The degree of management judgment involved in determining fair values is inversely related to the availability of market observable information.
Financial assets and financial liabilities recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at fair value are categorized based on the reliability of inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:
Level 1: | Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that we can access. | |
|
| |
Level 2: | Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on the following: | |
|
| |
| a) | Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; |
|
|
|
| b) | Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets; or |
|
|
|
| c) | Valuation models whose inputs are observable, directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability |
|
| |
Level 3: | Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. These inputs may reflect our estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the financial assets and financial liabilities. |
We utilize a combination of third party valuation service providers, brokers, and internal valuation models to determine fair value. We gain assurance on the overall reasonableness and consistent application of input assumptions, valuation methodologies, and compliance with accounting standards for fair value determination through the execution of various processes and controls designed to ensure that our financial assets and financial liabilities are appropriately valued and our ongoing monitoring of the fair values received or derived internally.
We are responsible for the determination of the value of the financial assets and financial liabilities carried at fair value and the supporting assumptions and methodologies. In certain situations, we employ independent third-party valuation service providers to gather, analyze, and interpret market information and derive fair values based upon relevant assumptions and methodologies for individual instruments. In situations where our valuation service providers are unable to obtain sufficient market observable information upon which to estimate the fair value for a particular security, fair value is determined either by requesting brokers who are knowledgeable about these securities to provide a quote or by employing internal valuation models that are widely accepted in the financial
43
services industry. Changing market conditions in the second quarter of 2008 were incorporated into valuation assumptions and reflected in the fair values, which were validated by calibration and other analytical techniques to available market observable data.
Valuation service providers typically obtain data about market transactions and other key valuation model inputs from multiple sources and, through the use of proprietary algorithms, produce valuation information in the form of a single fair value for individual securities for which a fair value has been requested under the terms of our agreements. For certain equity securities, valuation service providers provide market quotations for completed transactions on the measurement date. For other security types, fair values are derived from the valuation service providers’ proprietary valuation models. The inputs used by the valuation service providers include, but are not limited to, market prices from recently completed transactions and transactions of comparable securities, interest rate yield curves, credit spreads, currency rates, and other market-observable information, as applicable. Valuation service providers also use proprietary discounted cash flow models that are widely accepted in the financial services industry and similar to those used by other market participants to value the same financial instruments. The valuation models take into account, among other things, market observable information as of the measurement date, as described above, as well as the specific attributes of the security being valued including its term, interest rate, credit rating, industry sector, and where applicable, collateral quality and other issue or issuer specific information. Executing valuation models effectively requires seasoned professional judgment and experience. In cases where market transactions or other market observable data is limited, the extent to which judgment is applied varies inversely with the availability of market observable information.
For certain of our financial assets carried at fair value, where our valuation service providers cannot provide fair value determinations, we obtain non-binding price quotes from brokers familiar with the security who, similar to our valuation service providers, may consider transactions or activity in similar securities, as applicable, among other information. The brokers providing price quotes are generally from the brokerage divisions of leading financial institutions with market making, underwriting and distribution expertise.
The fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including privately-placed securities and certain derivatives embedded in certain contractholder liabilities, where our valuation service providers or brokers do not provide fair value determinations, is determined using valuation methods and models widely accepted in the financial services industry. Internally developed valuation models, which include inputs that may not be market observable and as such involve some degree of judgment, are considered appropriate for each class of security to which they are applied.
Our internal pricing methods are primarily based on models using discounted cash flow methodologies that determine a single best estimate of fair value for individual financial instruments. In addition, our models use internally assigned credit ratings as inputs (which are generally consistent with any external ratings and those we use to report our holdings by credit rating) and stochastically determined cash flows for certain derivatives embedded in certain contractholder liabilities, both of which are difficult to independently observe and verify. Instrument specific inputs used in our internal fair value determinations include: coupon rate, weighted average life, sector of the issuer, call provisions, and the contractual elements of derivatives embedded in certain contractholder liabilities. Market specific inputs used in these fair values, which we believe are representative of inputs other market participants would use to determine fair value of the same instruments include: interest rate yield curves, quoted market prices of comparable securities, credit spreads, estimated liquidity premiums, and other applicable market data including lapse and anticipated market return estimates for derivatives embedded in certain contractholder liabilities. As a result of the significance of non-market observable inputs, including internally assigned credit ratings and stochastic cash flow estimates as described above, judgment is required in developing these fair values. The fair value of these financial assets and financial liabilities may differ from the amount received to sell an asset or the amount paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Moreover, the use of different valuation assumptions may have a material effect on the financial assets’ and financial liabilities’ fair values.
Fair value of our investments comprise an aggregation of numerous, single best estimates for each security in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Because of this detailed approach, there is no single set of assumptions that determine our fair value estimates at a consolidated level. Moreover, management does not compile a range of estimates for items reported at fair value at the consolidated level because we do not believe that a range would provide meaningful information. Level 1 and Level 2 measurements represent valuations where all significant inputs are market observable. Level 3 measurements have one or more significant inputs that are not market observable and as a result these fair value determinations have greater potential variability as it relates to their significant inputs. The Level 3 principal components are privately placed securities valued using internal models, broker quoted securities, ABS RMBS, Alt-A, ARS backed by student loans and other CDO. In general, the
44
greater the reliance on significant inputs that are not market observable, the greater potential variability of the fair value determinations. ABS RMBS and Alt-A reflected the most significant impacts to their respective fair value determinations, due to the continued illiquidity that existed for these classes of securities. For broker quoted securities’ fair value determinations, we believe the brokers providing the quotes may consider market observable transactions or activity in similar securities, as applicable, and other information as calibration points. Privately placed securities’ fair value determinations, which were based on internal ratings that are not market observable, are calibrated to market observable information in the form of external NAIC ratings and credit spreads. We believe our most significant exposure to changes in fair value is due to market risk. Our exposure to changes in market conditions is discussed fully in the Market Risk section of the MD&A included in our 2007 Form 10-K.
We employ specific control processes to determine the reasonableness of the fair values of our financial assets and financial liabilities. Our processes are designed to ensure that the values received or internally estimated are accurately recorded and that the data inputs and the valuation techniques utilized are appropriate, consistently applied, and that the assumptions are reasonable and consistent with the objective of determining fair value. For example, on a continuing basis, we assess the reasonableness of individual security values received from valuation service providers that exceed certain thresholds as compared to previous values received from those valuation service providers. In addition, we may validate the reasonableness of fair values by comparing information obtained from our valuation service providers to other third party valuation sources for selected financial assets. When fair value determinations are expected to be more variable, we validate them through reviews by members of management who have relevant expertise and who are independent of those charged with executing investing transactions.
The following table identifies investments as of June 30, 2008 by source of value determination:
|
| Investments |
| |||
($ in millions) |
| Fair |
| Percent |
| |
Fair value based on internal sources (1) |
| $ | 14,441 |
| 20.4 | % |
Fair value based on external sources (2) |
| 42,587 |
| 60.2 |
| |
Total fixed income, equity and certain short-term securities |
| 57,028 |
| 80.6 |
| |
Fair value of derivatives |
| 231 |
| 0.3 |
| |
Mortgage loans, policy loans, bank loans and certain limited partnership, short-term and other investments, valued at cost, amortized cost and the equity method |
| 13,496 |
| 19.1 |
| |
Total |
| $ | 70,755 |
| 100.0 | % |
(1) Includes short-term, commercial paper and other of $4.61 billion reported in Level 2.
(2) Includes $4.88 billion that are valued using broker quotes.
For more detailed information on our accounting policy for the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities and information on the financial assets and financial liabilities included in the Levels promulgated by SFAS No. 157, see Note 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
45
The following table provides additional detail regarding Level 1, 2 and 3 financial assets and financial liabilities by their classification in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at June 30, 2008.
|
| Quoted Prices |
| Significant |
| Significant |
| Other |
| Balance as of |
| |||||
($ in millions) |
| (Level 1) |
| (Level 2) |
| (Level 3) |
| Netting |
| June 30, 2008 |
| |||||
Financial assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Fixed income securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Corporate |
|
|
| $ | 13,574 |
| $ | 569 |
|
|
| $ | 14,143 |
| ||
Corporate privately placed securities |
|
|
| 3,840 |
| 10,775 |
|
|
| 14,615 |
| |||||
Municipal |
|
|
| 3,243 |
| 59 |
|
|
| 3,302 |
| |||||
Municipal – ARS |
|
|
| 8 |
| 745 |
|
|
| 753 |
| |||||
U.S. government and agencies |
| $ | 463 |
| 3,180 |
| — |
|
|
| 3,643 |
| ||||
ABS RMBS |
| — |
| — |
| 1,798 |
|
|
| 1,798 |
| |||||
Alt-A |
| — |
| — |
| 468 |
|
|
| 468 |
| |||||
Other CDO |
| — |
| — |
| 560 |
|
|
| 560 |
| |||||
Other ABS |
| — |
| — |
| 1,613 |
|
|
| 1,613 |
| |||||
ABS CDO |
| — |
| — |
| 14 |
|
|
| 14 |
| |||||
CRE CDO |
| — |
| — |
| 375 |
|
|
| 375 |
| |||||
CMBS |
| — |
| 5,375 |
| 168 |
|
|
| 5,543 |
| |||||
Preferred stock |
| — |
| 14 |
| — |
|
|
| 14 |
| |||||
MBS |
| — |
| 2,670 |
| 12 |
|
|
| 2,682 |
| |||||
Foreign government |
| — |
| 2,002 |
| — |
|
|
| 2,002 |
| |||||
ABS – Credit card and auto loans |
| — |
| 144 |
| 204 |
|
|
| 348 |
| |||||
Total fixed income securities |
| 463 |
| 34,050 |
| 17,360 |
|
|
| 51,873 |
| |||||
Equity securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
U.S equities |
| 16 |
| — |
| 16 |
|
|
| 32 |
| |||||
International equities |
| — |
| 26 |
| 10 |
|
|
| 36 |
| |||||
Other |
| — |
| 81 |
| 1 |
|
|
| 82 |
| |||||
Total equity securities |
| 16 |
| 107 |
| 27 |
|
|
| 150 |
| |||||
Short-term investments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Commercial paper and other |
| — |
| 4,609 |
| — |
|
|
| 4,609 |
| |||||
Money market funds |
| 396 |
| — |
| — |
|
|
| 396 |
| |||||
Total short–term investments |
| 396 |
| 4,609 |
| — |
|
|
| 5,005 |
| |||||
Other investments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Free–standing derivatives |
| — |
| 581 |
| 44 |
|
|
| 625 |
| |||||
Total other investments |
| — |
| 581 |
| 44 |
|
|
| 625 |
| |||||
Total recurring basis assets |
| 875 |
| 39,347 |
| 17,431 |
|
|
| 57,653 |
| |||||
Non–recurring basis |
| — |
| — |
| 254 |
|
|
| 254 |
| |||||
Valued at cost, amortized cost or using the equity method |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| $ | 13,242 |
| 13,242 |
| ||||
Counterparty and cash collateral netting (1) |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (394 | ) | (394 | ) | |||||
Total investments |
| 875 |
| 39,347 |
| 17,685 |
| 12,848 |
| 70,755 |
| |||||
Separate account assets |
| 12,438 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 12,438 |
| |||||
Other assets |
| 1 |
| — |
| 2 |
| — |
| 3 |
| |||||
Total financial assets |
| $ | 13,314 |
| $ | 39,347 |
| $ | 17,687 |
| $ | 12,848 |
| $ | 83,196 |
|
% of total financial assets |
| 16.0 | % | 47.3 | % | 21.3 | % | 15.4 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Contractholder funds: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Derivatives embedded in annuity contracts |
| $ | — |
| $ | (50 | ) | $ | (20 | ) | — |
| $ | (70 | ) | |
Other liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Free–standing derivatives |
| — |
| (398 | ) | (69 | ) | — |
| (467 | ) | |||||
Non–recurring basis |
| — |
| — |
| (89 | ) | — |
| (89 | ) | |||||
Counterparty and cash collateral netting (1) |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| $ | 243 |
| 243 |
| ||||
Total financial liabilities |
| $ | — |
| $ | (448 | ) | $ | (178 | ) | $ | 243 |
| $ | (383 | ) |
% of total financial liabilities |
| 0.0 | % | 117.0 | % | 46.5 | % | (63.5 | )% | 100.0 | % |
(1) In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Staff Position No. FIN 39-1, Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39, we net all fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments and fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral executed with the same counterparty under a master netting agreement. At June 30, 2008, the right to reclaim cash collateral was offset by securities held, and the obligation to return collateral was $151 million.
46
The following table provides a summary of changes in fair value during the three–month period ended June 30, 2008 of Level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities held at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2008.
|
|
|
| Total realized and unrealized |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total |
| |||||||||
($ in millions) |
| Balance as of |
| Net Income (1) |
| OCI on |
| Purchases, Sales, |
| Net |
| Balance as of |
| Net Income for |
| |||||||
Financial assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Fixed income securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Corporate |
| $ | 734 |
| $ | (10 | ) | $ | (8 | ) | $ | 16 |
| $ | (163 | ) | $ | 569 |
| $ | (9 | ) |
Corporate privately placed securities |
| 11,155 |
| (31 | ) | (169 | ) | (278 | ) | 98 |
| 10,775 |
| (53 | ) | |||||||
Municipal |
| 41 |
| — |
| 1 |
| 21 |
| (4 | ) | 59 |
| — |
| |||||||
Municipal – ARS |
| 172 |
| — |
| (21 | ) | (21 | ) | 615 |
| 745 |
| — |
| |||||||
ABS RMBS |
| 2,000 |
| (243 | ) | 129 |
| (88 | ) | — |
| 1,798 |
| (243 | ) | |||||||
Alt–A |
| 486 |
| (31 | ) | 30 |
| (17 | ) | — |
| 468 |
| (31 | ) | |||||||
Other CDO |
| 1,696 |
| 2 |
| (58 | ) | (7 | ) | (20 | ) | 1,613 |
| 2 |
| |||||||
Other ABS |
| 633 |
| (5 | ) | (17 | ) | (71 | ) | 20 |
| 560 |
| (4 | ) | |||||||
ABS CDO |
| 17 |
| (3 | ) | 1 |
| (1 | ) | — |
| 14 |
| (3 | ) | |||||||
CRE CDO |
| 436 |
| (311 | ) | 278 |
| (28 | ) | — |
| 375 |
| (288 | ) | |||||||
CMBS |
| 191 |
| (37 | ) | 29 |
| (19 | ) | 4 |
| 168 |
| (35 | ) | |||||||
Preferred stock |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| |||||||
MBS |
| 13 |
| — |
| — |
| (1 | ) | — |
| 12 |
| — |
| |||||||
Foreign government |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| |||||||
ABS – Credit card and auto loans |
| 163 |
| — |
| 1 |
| (7 | ) | 47 |
| 204 |
| — |
| |||||||
Total fixed income securities |
| 17,737 |
| (669 | ) | 196 |
| (501 | ) | 597 |
| 17,360 |
| (664 | ) | |||||||
Equity securities |
| 57 |
| (1 | ) | (3 | ) | 13 |
| (39 | ) | 27 |
| (1 | ) | |||||||
Other investments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Free-standing derivatives, net |
| (35 | ) | — |
| — |
| 10 |
| — |
| (25 | )(2) | 32 |
| |||||||
Total other investments |
| (35 | ) | — |
| — |
| 10 |
| — |
| (25 | ) | 32 |
| |||||||
Total investments |
| 17,759 |
| (670 | ) | 193 |
| (478 | ) | 558 |
| 17,362 | (3) | (633 | ) | |||||||
Other assets |
| 2 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 2 |
| — |
| |||||||
Total recurring Level 3 financial assets |
| $ | 17,761 |
| $ | (670 | ) | $ | 193 |
| $ | (478 | ) | $ | 558 |
| $ | 17,364 |
| $ | (633 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Contractholder funds: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Derivatives embedded in annuity contracts |
| $ | (10 | ) | $ | (11 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | 1 |
| $ | — |
| $ | (20 | ) | $ | (11 | ) |
Total recurring Level 3 financial liabilities |
| $ | (10 | ) | $ | (11 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | 1 |
| $ | — |
| $ | (20 | ) | $ | (11 | ) |
(1) The amounts above total $(681) million and are reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows: $(682) million in realized capital gains and losses; $13 million in net investment income; $(1) million in interest credited to contractholder funds, and; $(11) million in contract benefits.
(2) Comprises $44 million of financial assets and $(69) million of financial liabilities.
(3) Comprises $17.43 billion of investments and $(69) million of free–standing derivatives included in financial liabilities.
(4) The amounts above represent gains and losses included in net income for the period of time that the financial asset or financial liability was determined to be in Level 3. These gains and losses total $(644) million and are reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows: $(646) million in realized capital gains and losses; $13 million in net investment income, and; $(11) million in contract benefits.
47
The following table provides a summary of changes in fair value during the six–month period ended June 30, 2008 of Level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities held at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2008.
|
|
|
| Total realized and unrealized |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total |
| |||||||||
($ in millions) |
| Balance as of |
| Net Income (1) |
| OCI on |
| Purchases, |
| Net |
| Balance as of |
| Net Income for |
| |||||||
Financial assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Fixed income securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Corporate |
| $ | 747 |
| $ | (43 | ) | $ | (7 | ) | $ | 4 |
| $ | (132 | ) | $ | 569 |
| $ | (50 | ) |
Corporate privately placed securities |
| 11,098 |
| (11 | ) | (200 | ) | (349 | ) | 237 |
| 10,775 |
| (39 | ) | |||||||
Municipal |
| 68 |
| — |
| — |
| 1 |
| (10 | ) | 59 |
| — |
| |||||||
Municipal – ARS |
| 163 |
| — |
| (21 | ) | (12 | ) | 615 |
| 745 |
| — |
| |||||||
ABS RMBS |
| 2,382 |
| (281 | ) | (132 | ) | (171 | ) | — |
| 1,798 |
| (264 | ) | |||||||
Alt–A |
| 588 |
| (70 | ) | (17 | ) | (33 | ) | — |
| 468 |
| (70 | ) | |||||||
Other CDO |
| 1,961 |
| 2 |
| (313 | ) | (17 | ) | (20 | ) | 1,613 |
| 1 |
| |||||||
Other ABS |
| 720 |
| (15 | ) | (45 | ) | (164 | ) | 64 |
| 560 |
| (16 | ) | |||||||
ABS CDO |
| 36 |
| (63 | ) | 42 |
| (1 | ) | — |
| 14 |
| (63 | ) | |||||||
CRE CDO |
| 566 |
| (311 | ) | 158 |
| (38 | ) | — |
| 375 |
| (285 | ) | |||||||
CMBS |
| 224 |
| (35 | ) | (3 | ) | (22 | ) | 4 |
| 168 |
| (33 | ) | |||||||
Preferred stock |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| |||||||
MBS |
| 28 |
| (1 | ) | — |
| (15 | ) | — |
| 12 |
| — |
| |||||||
Foreign government |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| |||||||
ABS – Credit card and auto loans |
| 249 |
| — |
| (7 | ) | (41 | ) | 3 |
| 204 |
| — |
| |||||||
Total fixed income securities |
| 18,830 |
| (828 | ) | (545 | ) | (858 | ) | 761 |
| 17,360 |
| (819 | ) | |||||||
Equity securities |
| 61 |
| (2 | ) | (6 | ) | 13 |
| (39 | ) | 27 |
| (2 | ) | |||||||
Other investments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Free-standing derivatives, net |
| (6 | ) | (31 | ) | — |
| 12 |
| — |
| (25 | )(2) | 14 |
| |||||||
Total other investments |
| (6 | ) | (31 | ) | — |
| 12 |
| — |
| (25 | ) | 14 |
| |||||||
Total investments |
| 18,885 |
| (861 | ) | (551 | ) | (833 | ) | 722 |
| 17,362 | (3) | (807 | ) | |||||||
Other assets |
| 2 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 2 |
| — |
| |||||||
Total recurring Level 3 financial assets |
| $ | 18,887 |
| $ | (861 | ) | $ | (551 | ) | $ | (833 | ) | $ | 722 |
| $ | 17,364 |
| $ | (807 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Contractholder funds: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Derivatives embedded in annuity contracts |
| $ | 4 |
| $ | (25 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | 1 |
| $ | — |
| $ | (20 | ) | $ | (25 | ) |
Total recurring Level 3 financial liabilities |
| $ | 4 |
| $ | (25 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | 1 |
| $ | — |
| $ | (20 | ) | $ | (25 | ) |
(1) The amounts above total $(886) million and are reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows: $(882) million in realized capital gains and losses; $25 million in net investment income; $(4) million in interest credited to contractholder funds, and; $(25) million in contract benefits.
(2) Comprises $44 million of financial assets and $(69) million of financial liabilities.
(3) Comprises $17.43 billion of investments and $(69) million of free–standing derivatives included in financial liabilities.
(4) The amounts above represent gains and losses included in net income for the period of time that the financial asset or financial liability was determined to be in Level 3. These gains and losses total $(832) million and are reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows: $(831) million in realized capital gains and losses; $25 million in net investment income; $(1) million in interest credited to contractholder funds, and; $(25) million in contract benefits.
Transfers into and out of Level 3 during the six months ended June 30, 2008 are attributable to a change in the availability of market observable information for individual securities within the respective categories. Due to a further deterioration in liquidity for the segment of the ARS market backed by student loans, certain market observable data utilized for valuation purposes became unavailable during the second quarter of 2008. As of June 30, 2008, $745 million or 98.9% of our total ARS holdings were valued using a discounted cash flow model. Certain inputs to the valuation model that are significant to the overall valuation and not market observable included: estimates of future coupon rates if auction failures continue, maturity assumptions, and illiquidity premium. As a result of the reliance on certain non-market observable inputs, the portion of the ARS portfolio backed by student loans have been transferred to Level 3 for the period ended June 30, 2008. These same securities were classified as Level 2 measurements for the period ended March 31, 2008. Our ARS holdings that are not backed by student loans have a fair value equal to their corresponding par value based on market observable inputs and, therefore, continue to have a Level 2 classification.
48
The following table presents fair value as a percent of amortized cost for Level 3 investments at June 30, 2008.
($ in millions) |
| Fair value |
| Fair value as a |
| |
Fixed income securities: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Corporate |
| $ | 569 |
| 100.7 | % |
Corporate - privately placed securities |
| 10,775 |
| 99.8 |
| |
Municipal |
| 59 |
| 100.0 |
| |
Municipal - ARS |
| 745 |
| 97.3 |
| |
ABS RMBS |
| 1,798 |
| 79.1 |
| |
Alt-A |
| 468 |
| 91.6 |
| |
Other CDO |
| 1,613 |
| 74.1 |
| |
Other ABS |
| 560 |
| 89.3 |
| |
ABS CDO |
| 14 |
| 116.7 |
| |
CRE CDO |
| 375 |
| 101.1 |
| |
CMBS |
| 168 |
| 82.8 |
| |
Preferred stock |
| — |
| — |
| |
MBS |
| 12 |
| 100.0 |
| |
Foreign government |
| — |
| — |
| |
ABS – Credit card and auto loans |
| 204 |
| 95.3 |
| |
Total fixed income securities |
| 17,360 |
| 93.4 |
| |
Equity securities: |
|
|
|
|
| |
U.S. equities |
| 16 |
| 100.0 |
| |
International equities |
| 10 |
| 100.0 |
| |
Other |
| 1 |
| 100.0 |
| |
Total equity securities |
| 27 |
| 103.8 |
| |
Other investments: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Free-standing derivatives |
| 44 |
| 100.0 |
| |
Total other investments |
| 44 |
| 100.0 |
| |
Sub-total recurring Level 3 investments |
| 17,431 |
| 93.4 |
| |
Non-recurring basis |
| 254 |
| 100.0 |
| |
Total Level 3 investments |
| $ | 17,685 |
| 93.5 |
|
Non-recurring investments include certain mortgage loans, limited partnership interests and other investments at fair value due to our change in intent write-downs and other-than-temporary impairments at June 30, 2008.
CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
Capital Resources consist of shareholder’s equity and debt, representing funds deployed or available to be deployed to support business operations. The following table summarizes our capital resources.
($ in millions) |
| June 30, 2008 |
| December 31, 2007 |
| ||
Common stock, retained income and other shareholder’s equity items |
| $ | 4,731 |
| $ | 4,847 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
| (446 | ) | (84 | ) | ||
Total shareholder’s equity |
| 4,285 |
| 4,763 |
| ||
Debt |
| 250 |
| 200 |
| ||
Total capital resources |
| $ | 4,535 |
| $ | 4,963 |
|
Shareholder’s equity decreased in the first six months of 2008 due to a net loss in the first six months of 2008 and higher unrealized net capital losses on investments as June 30, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007, partially offset by capital contributions from AIC.
In the second quarter of 2008, the Company received a capital contribution from its parent AIC of $349 million, which was recorded as additional capital paid-in on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The capital contribution included fixed income securities with a fair value of $337 million, accrued investment income of $5 million and cash of $7 million. Additionally, in the first quarter of 2008, a non-cash capital contribution was recorded in connection with a reinsurance transaction with an unconsolidated affiliate.
49
In the second quarter of 2008, the Board of Directors of AIC authorized AIC to make up to $400 million in funds available to the Company on or before September 1, 2008 through one or any combination of the following methods: by making one or more capital contributions in cash or securities, by providing a guaranty or guarantees, or by purchasing one or more surplus notes or other securities.
Debt increased $50 million in the second quarter of 2008 due to the issuance and transfer of a surplus note to an unconsolidated affiliate. On May 28, 2008, under an existing agreement with Kennett Capital, Inc. (“Kennett”), an unconsolidated affiliate of the Company, the Company sold Kennett a $50 million redeemable surplus note issued by ALIC Reinsurance Company (“ALIC Re”), a wholly owned subsidiary of ALIC. The surplus note is due June 1, 2038 with an initial rate of 5.93% that will reset every ten years to the then current ten year Constant Maturity Treasury yield (“CMT”), plus 2.09%. As payment, Kennett issued a full recourse note due June 1, 2038 to ALIC for the same amount with an initial interest rate of 5.73% that will reset every ten years to the then current ten year CMT, plus 1.89. The note due from Kennett is classified as other investments and the related surplus note is classified as long-term debt in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
Financial Ratings and Strength Our ratings are influenced by many factors including our operating and financial performance, asset quality, liquidity, asset/liability management, overall portfolio mix, financial leverage (i.e., debt), exposure to risks, the current level of operating leverage, AIC’s ratings and other factors. There have been no changes to our insurance financial strength ratings since December 31, 2007. S&P affirmed AIC’s and our ratings in July 2008. Moody’s placed certain of our ratings under review.
Effective May 8, 2008, the Company, AIC and The Allstate Corporation (“the Corporation”) entered into a one-year Amended and Restated Intercompany Liquidity Agreement (“Liquidity Agreement”) replacing the Intercompany Liquidity Agreement between the Company and AIC, dated January 1, 2008. It shall be automatically renewed for subsequent one-year terms unless terminated by the parties. The Liquidity Agreement does not establish a commitment to advance funds on the part of any party. ALIC and AIC each serve as a lender and borrower and the Corporation serves only as a lender. See Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.
Additionally, the Company has a Capital Support Agreement with AIC under which AIC is committed to provide capital to the Company to allow for profitable growth while maintaining financial strength ratings at or above those of AIC. See Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.
Liquidity Sources and Uses As reflected in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, lower operating cash flows in the first six months of 2008, compared to the first six months of 2007, were primarily related to a decrease in investment income and premiums.
Cash flows used in investing activities increased in the first six months of 2008, compared to the first six months of 2007, primarily due to an increased investment in short-term securities, partially offset by a lower investment in and higher proceeds from sales of fixed income securities.
Cash flows used in financing activities decreased primarily due to increased contractholder fund deposits partially offset by higher contractholder fund withdrawals. For quantification of the changes in contractholder funds, see the Operations section of the MD&A.
A total of $986 million of extendible medium-term notes backed by funding agreements have been called and will be retired in July 2008. We have accumulated, and expect to maintain, short-term investments to retire these obligations. As of June 30, 2008, $3.12 billion of extendible funding agreements have maturity dates prior to or on March 31, 2009.
In addition to the Capital Support Agreement and Liquidity Agreement, which provide a maximum amount of potential funding under each agreement of $1.00 billion, we also have access to additional borrowing to support liquidity through The Allstate Corporation as follows:
· A commercial paper program with a borrowing limit of $1.00 billion to cover short-term cash needs. As of June 30, 2008, there were no balances outstanding and therefore the remaining borrowing capacity was $1.00 billion; however, the outstanding balance can fluctuate daily.
· A primary credit facility that covers short-term liquidity requirements. The $1.00 billion unsecured revolving credit facility has an initial term of five years expiring in 2012 with two optional one-year extensions that can be exercised at the end of any of the remaining four years of the facility upon approval of existing or replacement lenders providing more than two thirds of the commitments to lend. This facility contains an increase provision that would allow up to an additional $500 million of borrowing provided the increased portion could be fully syndicated at a
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later date among existing or new lenders. This facility has a financial covenant requiring that The Allstate Corporation not exceed a 37.5% debt to capital resources ratio as defined in the agreement. This ratio at June 30, 2008 was 21.7%. Although the right to borrow under the facility is not subject to a minimum rating requirement, the costs of maintaining the facility and borrowing under it are based on the ratings of our senior, unsecured, nonguaranteed long-term debt. There were no borrowings under this line of credit during the first six months of 2008. The total amount outstanding at any point in time under the combination of the commercial paper program and the credit facility cannot exceed the amount that can be borrowed under the credit facility.
· A universal shelf registration statement was filed by The Allstate Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission in May 2006. The Allstate Corporation can use it to issue an unspecified amount of debt securities, common stock (including 354 million shares of treasury stock as of June 30, 2008), preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, stock purchase contracts, stock purchase units and securities of subsidiaries. The specific terms of any securities The Allstate Corporation issues under this registration statement will be provided in the applicable prospectus supplements.
As of June 30, 2008, we recorded a net deferred tax asset of $149 million, which included a net deferred tax asset of $748 million relating to unrealized and realized tax net capital losses that have not yet been recognized for tax purposes. Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be realized based on our assumption that we will be able to fully utilize the deductions that are ultimately recognized for tax purposes.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon this evaluation, the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in providing reasonable assurance that material information required to be disclosed in our reports filed with or submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act is made known to management, including the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2008, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Information required for this Part II, Item 1 is incorporated by reference to the discussion under the heading “Regulation” and under the heading “Legal and regulatory proceedings and inquiries” in Note 6 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
This document contains “forward-looking statements” that anticipate results based on our estimates, assumptions and plans that are subject to uncertainty. These statements are made subject to the safe-harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of new information or future events or developments.
These forward-looking statements do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and may be identified by their use of words like “plans,” “seeks,” “expects,” “will,” “should,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “believes,” “likely,” “targets” and other words with similar meanings. These statements may address, among other things, our strategy for growth, product development, regulatory approvals, market position, expenses, financial results, litigation and reserves. We believe that these statements are based on reasonable estimates, assumptions and plans. However, if the estimates, assumptions or plans underlying the forward-looking statements prove inaccurate or if other risks or uncertainties arise, actual results could differ materially from those communicated in these forward-looking statements. Risk factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by such forward-looking statements include but are not limited to those discussed or identified in this document (including the risks described below), in our public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and those incorporated by reference in Part I, Item 1A of Allstate Life Insurance Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2007.
The impact of our investment strategies may be adversely affected by developments in the investment markets
The impact of our investment portfolio risk mitigation and return optimization programs may be adversely affected by unexpected developments in the investment markets.
The realization of deferred tax assets is subject to uncertainty
The realization of our deferred tax assets is based on our assumption that we will be able to fully utilize the deductions that are ultimately recognized for tax purposes. However, actual results may differ from our assumptions if adequate levels of taxable income are not attained.
Item 6. Exhibits
(a) |
| Exhibits |
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| An Exhibit Index has been filed as part of this report on page E-1. |
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Allstate Life Insurance Company | |
| (Registrant) | |
|
| |
August 8, 2008 |
| |
| By | /s/ Samuel H. Pilch |
| Samuel H. Pilch | |
| (chief accounting officer and duly | |
| authorized officer of Registrant) |
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Exhibit No. |
| Description |
|
|
|
10.1 |
| Letter Agreement between Allstate Insurance Company, The Allstate Corporation and certain affiliates, including Allstate Life Insurance Company, effective December 1, 2007, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Allstate Life Insurance Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 23, 2008. |
|
|
|
10.2 |
| Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement dated as of May 22, 2008, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Allstate Life Insurance Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 27, 2008. |
|
|
|
15 |
| Acknowledgment of awareness from Deloitte & Touche LLP, dated August 7, 2008, concerning unaudited interim financial information. |
|
|
|
31.1 |
| Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer |
|
|
|
31.2 |
| Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer |
|
|
|
32 |
| Section 1350 Certifications |
E-1