UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2008
or
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 0-16005
Unigene Laboratories, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| | |
Delaware | | 22-2328609 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
110 Little Falls Road, Fairfield, New Jersey 07004
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (973) 882-0860
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report.)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller Reporting Company ¨
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x.
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
Common Stock, $.01 Par Value— 87,753,715 shares as of May 2, 2008
INDEX
UNIGENE LABORATORIES, INC.
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
UNIGENE LABORATORIES, INC.
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
| | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2008 | | | December 31, 2007 | |
| | (Unaudited) | | | | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 962,937 | | | $ | 3,677,637 | |
Accounts receivable | | | 3,542,987 | | | | 3,142,196 | |
Inventory | | | 3,528,691 | | | | 3,327,289 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 569,531 | | | | 908,168 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total current assets | | | 8,604,146 | | | | 11,055,290 | |
| | |
Noncurrent inventory | | | 724,822 | | | | 627,020 | |
Property, plant and equipment, net | | | 4,270,320 | | | | 3,217,608 | |
Patents and other intangibles, net | | | 1,858,528 | | | | 1,810,987 | |
Investment in joint venture | | | 26,349 | | | | 27,440 | |
Other assets | | | 177,739 | | | | 135,815 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 15,661,904 | | | $ | 16,874,160 | |
| | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | | $ | 1,895,961 | | | $ | 1,328,272 | |
Accrued expenses—other | | | 1,955,971 | | | | 1,983,558 | |
Current portion—deferred licensing fees | | | 1,281,756 | | | | 1,313,006 | |
Current portion—capital lease obligations | | | 30,374 | | | | 40,078 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total current liabilities | | | 5,164,062 | | | | 4,664,914 | |
| | |
Notes payable – stockholders | | | 15,737,517 | | | | 15,737,517 | |
Accrued interest – stockholders | | | 1,099,270 | | | | 783,279 | |
Deferred licensing fees, excluding current portion | | | 11,668,639 | | | | 11,982,829 | |
Capital lease obligations, excluding current portion | | | — | | | | 1,865 | |
Deferred compensation | | | 377,013 | | | | 374,500 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 34,046,501 | | | | 33,544,904 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Commitments and contingencies | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Stockholders’ deficit: | | | | | | | | |
Common Stock—par value $.01 per share, authorized 135,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding: 87,753,715 shares in 2008 and 2007 | | | 877,537 | | | | 877,537 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 105,844,800 | | | | 105,705,387 | |
Accumulated deficit | | | (125,106,934 | ) | | | (123,253,668 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total stockholders’ deficit | | | (18,384,597 | ) | | | (16,670,744 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit | | $ | 15,661,904 | | | $ | 16,874,160 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See notes to condensed financial statements.
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UNIGENE LABORATORIES, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended March 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
Revenue: | | | | | | | | |
Product sales | | $ | 2,652,454 | | | $ | 4,023,732 | |
Royalties | | | 1,138,363 | | | | 1,845,442 | |
Licensing revenue | | | 314,190 | | | | 230,856 | |
Development fees and other | | | 209,091 | | | | 228,242 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 4,314,098 | | | | 6,328,272 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | |
Research, development and facility expenses | | | 2,125,946 | | | | 2,124,135 | |
Cost of goods sold | | | 1,589,794 | | | | 2,019,651 | |
General and administrative | | | 2,146,093 | | | | 2,060,235 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 5,861,833 | | | | 6,204,021 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Operating (loss) income | | | (1,547,735 | ) | | | 124,251 | |
| | |
Other income (expense): | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 19,281 | | | | 31,723 | |
Interest expense-principally to stockholders | | | (324,812 | ) | | | (400,142 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Loss before income taxes | | | (1,853,266 | ) | | | (244,168 | ) |
| | |
Income tax expense | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (1,853,266 | ) | | $ | (244,168 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Loss per share – basic and diluted: | | | | | | | | |
Net loss per share | | $ | (0.02 | ) | | $ | (0.00 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic and diluted | | | 87,753,715 | | | | 87,731,376 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See notes to condensed financial statements.
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UNIGENE LABORATORIES, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Common Stock | | | | | | | | | |
| | Number of Shares | | Par Value | | Additional Paid-in Capital | | | Accumulated Deficit | | | Total | |
Balance, January 1, 2008 | | 87,753,715 | | $ | 877,537 | | $ | 105,705,387 | | | $ | (123,253,668 | ) | | $ | (16,670,744 | ) |
Recognition of stock option compensation expense – employees and directors | | — | | | — | | | 154,227 | | | | — | | | | 154,227 | |
| | | | | |
Recognition of stock option compensation benefit—consultants | | — | | | — | | | (14,814 | ) | | | — | | | | (14,814 | ) |
Net loss | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | (1,853,266 | ) | | | (1,853,266 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, March 31, 2008 | | 87,753,715 | | $ | 877,537 | | $ | 105,844,800 | | | $ | (125,106,934 | ) | | $ | (18,384,597 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See notes to condensed financial statements.
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UNIGENE LABORATORIES, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended March 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Net loss | | $ | (1,853,266 | ) | | $ | (244,168 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Amortization of deferred revenue | | | (395,440 | ) | | | (189,189 | ) |
Non-cash stock option compensation | | | 139,413 | | | | 393,326 | |
Depreciation, amortization and impairment of long-lived assets | | | 138,023 | | | | 150,330 | |
Increase in accrued interest-stockholders | | | 315,991 | | | | 385,824 | |
Increase in deferred compensation | | | 2,513 | | | | 9,373 | |
| | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Increase in accounts receivable | | | (400,791 | ) | | | (6,105,328 | ) |
(Increase) decrease in inventory | | | (299,204 | ) | | | 728,972 | |
Decrease (increase) in other assets | | | 293,469 | | | | (56,835 | ) |
Increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 540,102 | | | | 115,011 | |
Increase in deferred revenue | | | 50,000 | | | | 6,358,333 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | | | (1,469,190 | ) | | | 1,545,649 | |
| | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | |
Construction of leasehold and building improvements | | | (502,035 | ) | | | — | |
Purchase of equipment and furniture | | | (666,475 | ) | | | (163,040 | ) |
Increase in patents and other intangibles | | | (69,766 | ) | | | (70,607 | ) |
Decrease in other assets | | | 4,335 | | | | 1,354 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (1,233,941 | ) | | | (232,293 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | |
Repayment of short-term stockholder notes | | | — | | | | (10,000 | ) |
Repayment of capital lease obligations | | | (11,569 | ) | | | (18,350 | ) |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | | | — | | | | 3,270 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in financing activities | | | (11,569 | ) | | | (25,080 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | (2,714,700 | ) | | | 1,288,276 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | 3,677,637 | | | | 3,357,351 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 962,937 | | | $ | 4,645,627 | |
| | | | | | | | |
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | | | | | | | | |
Cash payments: | | | | | | | | |
Cash paid for interest | | $ | 2,600 | | | $ | 7,400 | |
Cash paid for income taxes | | | — | | | | — | |
See notes to condensed financial statements.
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UNIGENE LABORATORIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2008
(Unaudited)
NOTE A—BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation, which are of a normal and recurring nature only, have been included. Operating results for the three-month period ended March 31, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2008. For further information, please refer to our financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Unigene’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2007, the Emerging Issues Task Force “EITF” issued EITF Issue No. 07-1, “Accounting for Collaborative Arrangements.” EITF 07-1 provides guidance concerning: determining whether an arrangement constitutes a collaborative arrangement within the scope of the Issue; how costs incurred and revenue generated on sales to third parties should be reported in the income statement; how an entity should characterize payments on the income statement; and what participants should disclose in the notes to the financial statements about a collaborative arrangement. The provisions of EITF 07-1 will be adopted in 2009. We are in the process of evaluating the impact, if any, of adopting EITF 07-1 on our financial statements.
In February 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Issued Statement No. 159 (“SFAS 159”), “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities-Including an amendment of FASB No. 115.” SFAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. This statement is effective for the beginning of the first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2007. We adopted SFAS 159 effective January 1, 2008 and the adoption did not have a significant effect on our financial statements.
In September 2006, the FASB issued FASB Statement 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“FAS 157”). FAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. FAS 157 applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. Accordingly, FAS 157 does not require any new fair value measurements. However, for some entities, the application of FAS 157 will change current practice. The changes to current practice resulting from the application of FAS 157 relate to the definition of fair value, the methods used to measure fair value and the expanded disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions of FAS 157 are effective as of January 1, 2008, with the cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle recorded as an adjustment to opening retained earnings. However, delayed application of this statement is permitted for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually), until fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted FAS 157 effective January 1, 2008 for financial assets and the adoption did not have a significant effect
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on our financial statements. We expect to adopt the remaining provisions of SFAS No. 157 beginning in 2009.
NOTE B – LIQUIDITY
At March 31, 2008, we had cash and cash equivalents of $963,000, a decrease of $2,715,000 from December 31, 2007 and we had working capital of approximately $3,400,000. Cash received during 2008 was primarily from Fortical® sales and royalties received under our agreement with Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Inc. (“USL”). Our primary sources of cash have historically been (1) licensing fees for new agreements, (2) milestone payments under licensing or development agreements, (3) bulk peptide sales under licensing or supply agreements, (4) stockholder loans and (5) the sale of our common stock. Since August 2005, we have also generated cash from Fortical sales and royalties. We cannot be certain that any of these cash sources will continue to be available to us in future years. Licensing fees from new collaborations are dependent upon the successful completion of complex and lengthy negotiations. Milestone payments are based upon progress achieved in collaborations, which cannot be guaranteed, and are often subject to factors that are controlled neither by our licensees nor us. Product sales to our partners under these agreements are based upon our licensees’ needs, which are sometimes difficult to predict. Sale of our common stock is dependent upon our ability to attract interested investors, our ability to negotiate favorable terms and the performance of the stock market in general and biotechnology investments in particular. Future Fortical sales and royalties will be affected by competition and further acceptance in the marketplace and could be impacted by manufacturing, distribution or regulatory issues.
To satisfy our short-term liquidity needs, Jay Levy, our Chairman of the Board and an officer, Warren Levy and Ronald Levy, each a director and executive officer of Unigene, and another Levy family member, from time to time (prior to 2003) made loans to us. At May 10, 2007, after principal repayments of $1,010,000 during 2007, principal and interest were $7,095,000 and $8,642,517, respectively. The total owed aggregated $15,737,517 and was restructured on May 10, 2007 as eight-year term notes with a fixed simple interest rate of 9% per annum. Required quarterly payments of principal and interest under these new notes begin in May 2010 and continue over a five-year period. As of March 31, 2008, the aggregate principal and interest outstanding under these notes was $16,836,787. These loans are secured by security interests in our equipment, real property and certain of our patents.
We believe that in the short-term we will generate cash to apply toward funding our operations primarily through sales of Fortical to our U.S. licensee, USL, royalties on USL’s sales of Fortical and the achievement of milestones under our existing license agreements and, in the long-term, on sales and royalties from the sale of Fortical and other licensed products and technologies. We are actively seeking additional licensing and/or supply agreements with pharmaceutical companies for oral and nasal forms of calcitonin, as well as for other peptides, for our peptide manufacturing technology and for our site-directed bone growth (“SDBG”) technology. However, we may not be successful in achieving milestones under our current agreements, in obtaining regulatory approval for our other products or in licensing any of our other products or technologies.
In April 2002, we signed a licensing agreement with GlaxoSmithKline (“GSK”) for a value before royalties, bulk product sales and reimbursement for development expenses of up to $150,000,000 to develop an oral formulation of an analog of parathyroid hormone (“PTH”), currently in clinical development for the treatment of osteoporosis. PTH is in an early stage of development and it is too early to speculate on the probability or timing of a marketable PTH product (see Note C).
In November 2002, we signed an exclusive U.S. licensing agreement with USL for a value before royalties of $10,000,000 to market Fortical, our patented nasal formulation of calcitonin for the
8
treatment of osteoporosis. During the first quarter of 2008, Fortical sales were $2,652,000 and Fortical royalties were $1,138,000. We expect Fortical sales and royalties to continue in 2008 and future years, but we cannot predict the levels of activity (see Note D).
In April 2004, we signed a worldwide licensing agreement with Novartis Pharma AG (“Novartis”) for a value before royalties of up to $18,700,000 to allow Novartis to manufacture calcitonin using our patented peptide production process. We will receive royalties on sales of any existing or future Novartis products that contain calcitonin manufactured by Novartis using our process. We plan to continue to develop our own calcitonin products. If our oral calcitonin product is successfully developed, we would purchase calcitonin from Novartis, thereby eliminating our need to construct a second, larger-scale calcitonin manufacturing facility. Novartis will be conducting all future product development and clinical trials for its oral calcitonin product. If we and Novartis each successfully develop our oral calcitonin products, we would be competing in this area. In 2007, under this agreement, we received a $5,500,000 milestone payment from Novartis for the initiation of their oral calcitonin Phase III clinical study for osteoporosis (see Note E).
We are engaged in the research, production and delivery of peptide-related products. Our primary focus has been on the development of manufacturing processes and delivery technologies for various peptide products for the treatment of osteoporosis, including nasal and oral calcitonin and oral PTH. We are also developing potential products in the area of SDBG. In general, we seek to develop the basic product or technology and then license the product or technology to an established pharmaceutical, biotechnology or medical device company to complete the development, clinical trials and regulatory process. As a result, we will not control the nature, timing or cost of bringing our products and technologies to market. Each of these products and technologies is in various stages of completion.
| • | | For nasal calcitonin, a license agreement was signed in November 2002 with USL. Fortical was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and launched by USL in August 2005, generating recurring sales and royalties. |
| • | | For oral calcitonin, we have two ongoing programs. Our external program with Novartis is currently in Phase III. The anticipated completion date is outside our control. For our internal program, we are seeking a licensee to participate in our product’s development. A small, short-term human study was initiated and successfully concluded in 2007. In February 2008, we initiated and successfully concluded a Phase I/II clinical study for oral calcitonin. The costs of future clinical trials will most likely be borne by a future licensee. Because additional clinical trials are still necessary for our oral calcitonin product, and we have not yet licensed the product, it is too early to speculate on the probability or timing of a marketable oral calcitonin product. We may incur certain additional development costs. |
| • | | For oral PTH, we signed a license agreement with GSK in April 2002. A Phase I human trial, which commenced in 2004, demonstrated positive preliminary results. However, PTH is in an early stage of development and it is too early to speculate on the probability or timing of a marketable oral PTH product. We will incur certain additional development costs. |
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| • | | Under the terms of various agreements related to a joint venture in China with Shijiazhuang Pharmaceutical Group Corporation (“SPG”), we are obligated to contribute up to $3,150,000 as our initial capital contribution, consisting of $1,050,000 in cash and the balance in certain technologies and know-how which we are licensing to the joint venture. This contribution is expected to be payable in 2008 after the joint venture is officially registered with the Chinese government. See Note P—Subsequent Events. |
| • | | For our SDBG program, we have conducted various preclinical studies. This program is in a very early stage of development and, therefore, it is too early to speculate on the probability or timing of a license agreement for this technology or on a possible commercial product. |
Due to our limited financial resources, any decline in Fortical sales, or delay in achieving milestones under our existing license agreements, or in signing new license or distribution agreements for our products, or loss of patent protection, may have an adverse effect on our cash flow and operations. In July 2006, we and USL jointly filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Apotex Inc. and Apotex Corp., its U.S. subsidiary (together, “Apotex”), for infringement of our nasal calcitonin patent. If we are unsuccessful in our lawsuit, and if Apotex receives FDA approval and is able to launch its generic version of our product, the launch could have an adverse effect on our cash flow and operations. In addition, any material interruption or failure in manufacturing, marketing or distribution of Fortical will have an adverse effect on our cash flow and operations.
If USL cannot continue to successfully market Fortical, or if we are unable to achieve significant milestones or sales under our existing agreements and/or enter into a new significant revenue generating license or other arrangement in the near term, we would need to secure another source of funding in order to satisfy our working capital needs or significantly curtail our operations. Should the funding we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, the consequence would be a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects. We believe that satisfying our capital requirements over the long term will require the successful commercialization of one or more of our oral or nasal calcitonin products, our oral PTH product, our SDBG program or another peptide product in the U.S. and/or abroad. However, it is uncertain whether or not any of our products other than Fortical will be approved or will be commercially successful.
We have incurred annual operating losses since our inception and, as a result, at March 31, 2008, had an accumulated deficit of approximately $125,000,000. Our cash requirements to operate our research and peptide manufacturing facilities and develop our products have increased due to higher spending on internal research projects, including oral calcitonin, oral PTH and SDBG, as well as patent infringement litigation costs. In addition, over the next several months, we have committed to purchase approximately $1,000,000 of materials for use in our internal development programs. We also expect to spend a total of approximately $1,900,000 on construction costs and furnishings for our new administrative and regulatory offices in Boonton, New Jersey of which approximately $1,300,000 has been spent as of March 31, 2008. We need additional cash from sales, milestones or upfront payments or from financings in order to meet our obligations for the next twelve months. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and as such do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
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NOTE C- GLAXOSMITHKLINE AGREEMENT
In April 2002, we signed a licensing agreement with GSK for a value before royalties, PTH sales and reimbursement for development expenses, of up to $150,000,000 to develop an oral formulation of an analog of PTH currently in clinical development for the treatment of osteoporosis. Under the terms of the agreement, GSK received an exclusive worldwide license to develop and commercialize the product. In return, GSK made a $2,000,000 up-front licensing fee payment and a $1,000,000 licensing-related milestone payment to us in 2002. In addition, GSK will reimburse us for certain development activities during the program, including our activities in the production of raw material for development and clinical supplies, and will pay us a royalty on its worldwide sales of the product, if commercialized. The royalty rate will be increased if certain sales milestones are achieved. Revenue recognition of the up-front licensing fee and first milestone payment has been deferred over the estimated 15-year performance period of the license agreement. In June 2004, we received a $4,000,000 milestone payment for the commencement of a Phase I human trial for oral PTH. An aggregate of $8,000,000 in up-front and milestone payments has been received from inception through March 31, 2008. We have also received an additional $5,000,000 from GSK for PTH sales and in support of our PTH development activities from inception through March 31, 2008. For the first three months of 2008 and 2007, we recognized $50,000 in licensing revenue. There have been no PTH sales to GSK since 2005. Bulk product sales to licensees, prior to product approval, are typically inconsistent and subject to the needs of the licensee. GSK could make additional milestone payments in the aggregate amount of up to $142,000,000 subject to the progress of the compound through clinical development and through to the market. This agreement is subject to certain termination provisions. Either party may terminate the license agreement if the other party (i) materially breaches the license agreement, which breach is not cured within 60 days (or 30 days for a payment default), (ii) voluntarily files, or has served against it involuntarily, a petition in bankruptcy or insolvency, which, in the case of involuntary proceedings, remains undismissed for 60 days, or (iii) makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors. Additionally, GSK may terminate the license agreement at any time for various reasons including safety or efficacy concerns of the PTH product, significant increases in development timelines or costs, or significant changes in the osteoporosis market or in government regulations.
NOTE D – UPSHER-SMITH AGREEMENT
In November 2002, we signed an exclusive U.S. licensing agreement with USL for a value before royalties of $10,000,000 to market our patented nasal formulation of calcitonin for the treatment of osteoporosis. We are responsible for manufacturing the product and USL packages the product and distributes it nationwide. Under the terms of the agreement, we received an up-front payment of $3,000,000 from USL in 2002. Revenue recognition of the up-front licensing fee has been deferred over the estimated 19-year performance period of the license agreement. During 2003, we received a $3,000,000 milestone payment from USL for the FDA’s acceptance for review of our nasal calcitonin new drug application (“NDA”). Fortical was approved by the FDA and launched by USL in August 2005. During 2005, we received the final $4,000,000 milestone payment for the FDA’s approval of Fortical. Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2008 consisted of the recognition of $39,000 of licensing revenue from USL in addition to $2,652,000 in sales to USL and $1,138,000 in royalties from USL. Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2007 consisted of the recognition of $39,000 of licensing revenue, $2,616,000 in sales to USL and $1,845,000 in royalties from USL. At March 31, 2008, our accounts receivable from USL for sales and royalties totaled approximately $3,338,000. From August 2005 through March 2008, we have recognized $22,512,000 in Fortical sales and $11,775,000 in Fortical royalties. We recognize USL royalty revenue based upon the quarterly USL royalty report. This provides for a reliable measure as well as reasonable assurances of collectibility. Royalty revenue is earned on sales of Fortical by USL and is recognized in the period Fortical is sold by USL. USL’s royalty reports prior to 2007 were based on
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their manufacturing quarters which differed from calendar quarters by one month. Therefore, our quarterly reporting periods prior to 2007 did not include royalty revenue for the last month of that period as such information was not available and could not be reliably estimated at that time. Beginning in the first quarter of 2007, USL provided, and will continue to provide, royalty information for the last month of each calendar quarter. Therefore, our March 31, 2007 quarter (and only that quarter) included royalty revenue for four months, from December 2006 through March 2007. The effect of the inclusion of the 4th month of revenue in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 was an additional $536,000 of revenue. All subsequent quarters have reported three months of royalty revenue, corresponding to our calendar quarters. Future sales and royalties are contingent upon many factors including competition, including possible generic competition, pricing, marketing and acceptance in the marketplace and, therefore, are difficult to predict. It is uncertain whether or not USL will be able to continue to increase market share for Fortical. This agreement may be terminated by either party by mutual agreement or due to breach of any material provision of the agreement not cured within 60 days. We may terminate the agreement in the event of a net sales shortfall. In addition, USL may terminate the agreement under certain circumstances where USL assigns the agreement and we do not approve the assignment.
NOTE E – NOVARTIS AGREEMENT
In April 2004, we signed a worldwide licensing agreement with Novartis for a value before royalties of up to $18,700,000 to allow Novartis to manufacture calcitonin using our patented peptide production process. We received $5,600,000 from Novartis in April 2004 consisting of a $3,500,000 up-front payment and a partial prepayment on Novartis’ purchases of calcitonin from us in the amount of $2,100,000. Novartis purchased an additional $600,000 of calcitonin from us in 2004. In August 2004, we received $2,000,000 from Novartis for a technology transfer milestone. Revenue recognition of the up-front licensing fee and the milestone has been deferred over the estimated 14-year performance period of the license agreement. Revenue recognition of the prepayment for calcitonin purchases was recognized as we shipped product to Novartis during 2004. In 2007, we received a $5,500,000 milestone payment from Novartis for the initiation of their oral calcitonin Phase III clinical study for osteoporosis. This milestone will be recognized over the estimated remaining 11-year performance period of the license agreement. We have received an aggregate of $13,700,000 from Novartis under this agreement. For the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, we recognized $223,000 and $140,000, respectively, in licensing revenue.
During 2004, Novartis purchased calcitonin from us for use in their oral calcitonin development program and implemented our patented manufacturing process at Novartis facilities. Sandoz, a Novartis affiliate, concluded a manufacturing campaign in 2005 based on our process and produced multiple kilograms of calcitonin at a scale that represents a ten-fold increase above our current production capacity. Calcitonin produced by Sandoz is being used by Novartis in their ongoing clinical trials. Novartis will be conducting all future product development and clinical trials for its oral calcitonin product. Therefore, the anticipated completion date is outside our control. If we and Novartis each successfully develop our oral calcitonin products, we would be competing in this area. We will receive royalties on sales of any existing or future Novartis products that contain calcitonin manufactured by Novartis using our technology. This agreement may be terminated by either party due to a material breach not cured within 60 days or due to insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings not dismissed within 60 days and for other customary events of default.
We will continue to develop our oral, nasal and injectable calcitonin products. If our oral calcitonin product is successfully developed, we would purchase calcitonin from Novartis, thereby eliminating our need to construct a second, larger-scale calcitonin manufacturing facility.
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NOTE F – NOTES PAYABLE – STOCKHOLDERS
To satisfy our short-term liquidity needs, Jay Levy, our Chairman of the Board and an officer, Warren Levy and Ronald Levy, each a director and executive officer of Unigene, and another Levy family member (collectively, the “Levys”), from time to time (prior to 2003) made loans to us. We did not make principal and interest payments on certain loans when due. However, the Levys waived all default provisions including additional interest penalties due under these loans through December 31, 2000. Beginning January 1, 2001 and ending May 10, 2007, interest on loans originated through March 4, 2001 increased an additional 5% per year and was calculated on both past due principal and interest. This additional interest was approximately $0 and $231,000, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.
At May 10, 2007, after principal repayments of $1,010,000 during 2007, principal and interest were $7,095,000 and $8,642,517, respectively, with interest rates ranging from 8.5% to 14.2%. The total owed aggregated $15,737,517, of which approximately $8,900,000 in principal and interest were in default and was restructured on May 10, 2007 as eight-year term notes, none of which are in default, with a fixed simple interest rate of 9% per annum. No gain or loss was recognized on the restructuring transaction. Required quarterly payments of principal and interest under these new notes begin in May 2010 and continue over a five-year period, but payments may be made earlier without penalty. Total interest expense on all Levy loans was approximately $316,000 and $390,000, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007. As of March 31 2008, total accrued interest on all Levy loans was $1,099,270 and the outstanding loans by these persons to us, classified as long-term debt, totaled $15,737,517 for an aggregate owed of $16,836,787. These loans are collateralized by security interests in our equipment, real property and certain of our patents.
Outstanding stockholder loans consisted of the following at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 (in thousands):
| | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 |
Jay Levy long-term loan (1) | | $ | 8,319 | | $ | 8,319 |
Levy Partnership long-term loan (2) | | | 7,419 | | | 7,419 |
| | | | | | |
| | | 15,738 | | | 15,738 |
Accrued interest | | | 1,099 | | | 783 |
| | | | | | |
Total loans and interest due to stockholders | | $ | 16,837 | | $ | 16,521 |
| | | | | | |
(1) | This loan resulted from the May 2007 restructuring of term loans and demand loans, as well as accrued interest, which were in default. This loan consists of an eight-year term note with a fixed simple interest rate of 9% per annum. Interest expense is calculated using an effective interest method, at a rate of 7.6%, over the life of the agreement due to the deferred payment schedule contained in the note. Quarterly payments of principal and interest will be made over a five-year period beginning in May 2010. Accrued interest on this loan at March 31, 2008 was approximately $581,000. This loan is collateralized by certain of our fixed and other assets, including real property. |
(2) | This loan, held by the Jaynjean Levy Family Limited Partnership, resulted from the May 2007 restructuring of non-default notes and accrued interest. This loan consists of an eight-year term note with a fixed simple interest rate of 9% per annum. Interest expense is calculated using an effective interest method, at a rate of 7.6%, over the life of the agreement due to the deferred payment schedule contained in the note. Quarterly payments of principal and interest will be made over a five-year period beginning in May 2010. Accrued interest on this loan at March 31, 2008 was approximately $518,000. This loan is collateralized by certain of our patents and patent applications. |
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NOTE G – INVENTORY
Inventories consisted of the following as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007:
| | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 |
Current Inventory | | | | | | |
Finished goods – net of allowances of $770,000 and $810,000, respectively | | $ | 1,975,866 | | $ | 1,702,303 |
Work in process | | | 332,808 | | | 423,422 |
Raw materials | | | 1,220,017 | | | 1,201,565 |
| | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 3,528,691 | | $ | 3,327,290 |
| | | | | | |
Noncurrent Inventory | | | | | | |
Raw materials | | $ | 724,822 | | $ | 627,020 |
| | | | | | |
Typically, finished goods and work in process inventory are fully reserved except for the amounts deemed saleable by management based upon current or anticipated orders, primarily under contractual arrangements. Our reserves for finished goods and work in process production were $770,000 at March 31, 2008, a decrease of $40,000 from December 31, 2007. Based upon expected future orders, $725,000 of our raw material inventory was classified as a noncurrent asset at March 31, 2008. We expect this inventory to be fully recoverable, therefore no reserve was established.
NOTE H—FINANCING
In March 2006, we completed the sale of a total of 4,000,000 shares of our common stock and a warrant to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of our common stock to Magnetar Capital Master Fund, Ltd. (“Magnetar”) pursuant to a common stock purchase agreement. Magnetar subsequently assigned the common stock warrant to Victory Park Master Fund, Ltd. The shares are freely tradable. The five-year warrant is exercisable immediately at an exercise price per share of $4.25 and was outstanding at March 31, 2008. We received gross proceeds of $13,000,000 before expenses of approximately $250,000.
In April 2005, we completed the sale of a total of 2,123,142 shares of our common stock and a five-year warrant to purchase up to 1,061,571 shares of our common stock (which remained outstanding at March 31, 2008) at an exercise price per share of $1.77 to Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC (“Fusion”) in a private placement pursuant to a common stock purchase agreement for gross proceeds to us of $3,000,000. The shares are freely tradeable. As a result of a prior financing with Fusion in 2003, there was an additional warrant outstanding at March 31, 2008. This five-year warrant to purchase 250,000 shares of common stock is exercisable at $0.90 per share.
NOTE I – CHINA JOINT VENTURE
In June 2000, we entered into a joint venture agreement with SPG, a pharmaceutical company in the People’s Republic of China, formally creating a contractual joint venture between the two entities. We own 45% of the contractual joint venture and will have a 45% interest in the entity’s profits and losses. In the first phase of the collaboration, SPG contributed its existing injectable calcitonin license to the joint venture, which allowed the entity to sell its injectable calcitonin product in China. An NDA for injectable and nasal calcitonin products was filed in China in 2003. The approval of our NDA in
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China, and the timing of such approval, is uncertain. The contractual joint venture began operations and sales of its injectable calcitonin product in 2002 under the aforementioned SPG license. Sales by the contractual joint venture have been used to offset its costs. We account for our investment in the contractual joint venture under the equity method. Our investment and our share of the earnings in the contractual joint venture have been immaterial to date. See Note P-Subsequent Event.
NOTE J – STOCK OPTION COMPENSATION
We have shareholder-approved stock option plans for employees and directors under which we have granted non-qualified and incentive stock options. Options granted under these plans must be at a price per share not less than the fair market value per share of common stock on the date the option is granted. The options generally vest over a one to four-year period and typically expire ten years from the date of grant. Shares for option exercises are issued from authorized and unissued shares. At March 31, 2008, we had reserved approximately 2,951,000 shares for future stock option grants.
We account for stock options and warrants issued to consultants on a fair value basis in accordance with SFAS No. 123 (R) and Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 96-18, “Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services.” Compensation expense is calculated each quarter for consultants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, until the option is fully vested. Based upon options issued to consultants, we recognized a compensation benefit of $15,000 in the first quarter of 2008 and we recognized $82,000 in compensation expense in the first quarter of 2007. These amounts are included in research, development and facility expenses.
Under SFAS 123(R), compensation cost for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 for options granted to employees and directors includes 1) compensation cost for all share-based payments granted prior to, but not yet vested as of January 1, 2006, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS 123; and 2) compensation cost for all share-based payments granted on or after January 1, 2006, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with SFAS 123(R). For the three months ended March 31, 2008, we recognized share-based compensation cost of $154,000, which consisted of $143,000 in general and administrative expenses and $11,000 in research, development and facility expenses. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, we recognized share-based compensation cost of $311,000, which consisted of $208,000 in general and administrative expenses and $103,000 in research and development expenses. We did not capitalize any share-based compensation cost.
As of March 31, 2008, there was $339,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the stock option plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1 year.
The following table shows the weighted average assumptions we used to develop the fair value estimates:
| | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
Expected volatility | | 58.9 | % | | 69.3 | % |
Expected dividends | | — | | | — | |
Expected term (in years) | | 5.3 | | | 5.3 | |
Risk-free rate | | 2.5 | % | | 4.5 | % |
Forfeiture rate | | 20 | % | | 20 | % |
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For the three months ended March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2007, we estimated the fair value of each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model. We utilized the risk-free interest rate for periods equal to the expected term of the option based upon U.S. Treasury securities in effect at the time of the grant. The Company has no present intention of declaring any dividends. We based expected volatility on historical volatility. We estimated the expected term of stock options using historical exercise experience.
A summary of option activity as of March 31, 2008 and changes during the three months then ended is presented below:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Options | | Shares | | | Weighted- Average Exercise Price | | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term | | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
Outstanding at January 1, 2008 | | 3,962,215 | | | $ | 1.43 | | | | | |
Granted | | 7,000 | | | | 1.93 | | | | | |
Exercised | | — | | | | — | | | | | |
Forfeited or expired | | (10,900 | ) | | | 0.83 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Outstanding at March 31, 2008 | | 3,958,315 | | | $ | 1.44 | | 5.0 | | $ | 2,872,000 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Exercisable at March 31, 2008 | | 3,414,546 | | | $ | 1.24 | | 4.5 | | $ | 2,840,000 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 was $1.07 and $1.59, respectively. The total intrinsic value, which represents the difference between the underlying stock’s market price and the option’s exercise price, of options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 was $0 and $5,000, respectively. There were no options exercised during the first quarter of 2008.
Cash received from option exercises under all share-based payment arrangements for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 was $0 and $3,000, respectively. No tax benefit was realized from option exercises of the share-based payment arrangements for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.
NOTE K – NET LOSS PER SHARE
We compute and present both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the statement of operations. Basic EPS is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock at the beginning of the period (or as of the date of issuance if issued in the current year) being reported on, and the effect was dilutive. Our weighted average shares outstanding used for computing diluted loss per share were the same as those used for computing basic loss per share for each of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 because inclusion of our stock options and warrants (approximately 6,330,000 and 6,133,000 shares of common stock, if exercised, at March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2007, respectively), would be antidilutive. Both periods include
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warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,371,571 shares of commons stock at exercise prices ranging from $0.90 to $4.25 per share, with expiration dates ranging from 2008 to 2015.
NOTE L – PATENTS AND OTHER INTANGIBLES
Amounts paid for patents and trademarks are capitalized. Patent and trademark costs are deferred pending the successful outcome of the relevant applications. These costs primarily consist of outside legal fees and typically relate to filings and prosecution of applications for improvements to existing patents or to the filings of foreign applications based upon domestic patents. Most of these applications relate to our patented peptide manufacturing and patented oral delivery technologies. We have also filed various domestic and foreign patent applications related to our SDBG technology. Internal costs related to intangible assets are expensed as incurred. Successful patent costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the lives of the patents, typically five to fifteen years. Successful trademark costs are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of typically five to ten years. We assess the impairment of identifiable intangibles and other long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Some factors we consider important which could trigger an impairment review include (i) significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results; (ii) significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business; and (iii) significant negative industry or economic trends. When we determine that the carrying value of intangible assets may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment, we first will perform an assessment of the asset’s recoverability based on expected undiscounted future net cash flow, and if the amount is less than the asset’s value, we will measure any impairment based on a projected discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by our management to be commensurate with the risk inherent in our current business model. Unsuccessful patent costs are expensed when determined worthless or when patent applications will no longer be pursued. Other intangibles are recorded at cost and are amortized over their estimated useful lives. As of March 31, 2008, nine of our patents had issued in the U.S., seventy-seven had issued in various foreign countries and various other applications were pending.
Details of intangible assets are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | March 31, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 |
| | Cost | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net | | Cost | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net |
Trademarks | | $ | 144,000 | | $ | 138,000 | | $ | 6,000 | | $ | 144,000 | | $ | 138,000 | | $ | 6,000 |
Patents | | | 1,442,000 | | | 997,000 | | | 445,000 | | | 1,409,000 | | | 975,000 | | | 434,000 |
Deferred Patents | | | 1,393,000 | | | — | | | 1,393,000 | | | 1,356,000 | | | — | | | 1,356,000 |
Deferred Trademarks | | | 15,000 | | | — | | | 15,000 | | | 15,000 | | | — | | | 15,000 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 2,994,000 | | $ | 1,135,000 | | $ | 1,859,000 | | $ | 2,924,000 | | $ | 1,113,000 | | $ | 1,811,000 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NOTE M – DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN
In December 2005, our Board of Directors approved the adoption of a deferred compensation plan for Dr. Ronald Levy, Executive Vice President and Director of the Company, and Dr. Warren Levy, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Company. Previously, Drs. Levy were the beneficiaries of split-dollar life insurance policies owned by the Company with a face value of $1,000,000 each that were originally purchased in 1988. These policies were terminated without any consideration paid to them in 2005 due to changes in the tax law as well as Sarbanes-Oxley regulations, and we received the entire cash proceeds. In recognition of the services of Drs. Levy and
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the cancellation of the split-dollar life insurance policies, the Board recommended the adoption of a deferred compensation plan. The major features of the plan are as follows: the Company agreed to credit a book account with $25,000 per year on January 1st of such year beginning on January 1, 2006 and ending on January 1, 2014 for each participant; the credits to the accounts would be 100% vested; upon the death of a participant, any remaining contributions would be made to his account; and in the event of a “change in control” of Unigene, all remaining contributions shall be made to each participant’s account. The related contracts were finalized and executed in February 2006. Therefore, we recognized this liability in the first quarter of 2006 in the amount of $304,000 which represented the net present value of the future payments. As of March 31, 2008, this liability was approximately $377,000. As of March 31, 2008, both of these accounts had been funded to date in the aggregate amount of $167,000 ($150,000 plus $17,000 in interest and gains) and these accounts are included on the Balance Sheet in other assets.
The entire value of each account would be distributed as follows: upon attainment of age 75, 25% of balance, upon attainment of age 76, 33.33% of remaining balance, upon attainment of age 77, 50% of remaining balance, and the remainder of the balance upon attainment of age 78; in the event of a participant’s death or disability, 50% of the participant’s account balance would be distributed following his death or disability and the remainder distributed on the first anniversary of his death or disability.
NOTE N—LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Fortical, our nasal calcitonin product for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, is covered by U.S. Patent No. 6,440,392 (the “Fortical Patent”). In June 2006, we received a “Paragraph IV certification letter” from Apotex, a Canadian generic pharmaceutical manufacturer, alleging that this patent is invalid and therefore not infringed by Apotex’s nasal calcitonin product which is the subject of an Apotex pending Abbreviated NDA, or ANDA. On July 24, 2006, we and USL jointly filed a lawsuit against Apotex in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York for infringement of our Fortical Patent. Due to our filing of the above-mentioned lawsuit, the Hatch-Waxman Act provides for an automatic stay of FDA approval for Apotex’s ANDA of up to 30 months. We are seeking a ruling that Apotex’s ANDA and its nasal calcitonin product infringe our Fortical Patent and its ANDA should not be approved before the expiration date of the Fortical Patent. We are also seeking an injunction to prevent Apotex from commercializing its ANDA product before the expiration of the Fortical Patent and to recover the attorneys’ fees and costs which we and USL incur in connection with these proceedings. However, there is the usual litigation risk that we will not be successful in the suit. In the event that we do not prevail, then Apotex could be in a position to market its nasal calcitonin product if and when its pending ANDA receives FDA approval. This could have a material adverse impact on our results and financial position.
NOTE O – RIGHTS PLAN
In December 2002, pursuant to a rights agreement, we distributed common stock purchase rights to stockholders of record as a dividend at the rate of one right for each share of common stock. Each right entitles the holder to purchase from us one ten-thousandth of a share of common stock at an exercise price of $4.00. Initially the rights are attached to the common stock and are not exercisable. There is one right outstanding for every share of common stock outstanding.
The rights become exercisable and will separate from the common stock ten calendar days after a person or group acquires beneficial ownership of fifteen percent or more of our common stock, or ten business days (or a later date following such announcement as determined by our Board of Directors) after the announcement of a tender offer or an exchange offer to acquire fifteen percent or more of our outstanding common stock.
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The rights are redeemable for $.00001 per right at the option of the Board of Directors at any time prior to the close of business on the tenth calendar day after a person or group acquires beneficial ownership of fifteen percent or more of our common stock. If not redeemed, the rights will expire on December 30, 2012. Prior to the date upon which the rights would become exercisable under the rights agreement, our outstanding stock certificates will represent both the shares of common stock and the rights, and the rights will trade only with the shares of common stock.
Generally, if the rights become exercisable, then each stockholder, other than the stockholder whose acquisition has caused the rights to become exercisable, is entitled to purchase, for the exercise price, that number of shares of common stock that, at the time of the transaction, will have a market value of two times the exercise price of the rights. In addition, if, after the rights become exercisable, we are acquired in a merger or other business combination, or fifty percent or more of our assets, cash flow or earning power are sold, each right will entitle the holder to purchase, at the exercise price of the rights, that number of shares of common stock of the acquiring company that, at the time of the transaction, will have a market value of two times the exercise price of the rights.
The rights plan is intended to improve the ability of our Board of Directors to protect the interests of Unigene and our stockholders in the event of an unsolicited proposal to acquire a significant interest in Unigene.
NOTE P – SUBSEQUENT EVENT
Unigene and SPG have agreed to expand the activities of the joint venture to allow for the development and marketing of other pharmaceutical products. In April 2008, ground was broken for the global biotechnology park in the Shijiazhuang Economic and Technology Development Zone of Hebei Province, China that will house the joint venture. The joint venture, named Unigene Biotechnology Co. Ltd., will initially focus on manufacturing and research and development of salmon calcitonin and parathyroid hormone and related products for China and possibly other global markets. Construction of the first building, which will ultimately house the research and development facilities of the joint venture, is scheduled for completion by the end of 2008. It is anticipated that construction will begin this summer on manufacturing facilities which will be designed for peptide production and manufacture of oral and nasal final products. The combined capital investment commitment of both parties for the joint venture is $15 million, representing contributions of cash and technology. Unigene’s 45% share is therefore $6,750,000. The technologies and know-how that we have agreed to license to the joint venture have been assigned a total value of $4.5 million, leaving cash obligations of $2,250,000 which are payable in two installments of $1,050,000 and $1,200,000. Under the terms of various agreements related to the joint venture, we are obligated to contribute up to $3,150,000 as our initial capital contribution, consisting of $1,050,000 in cash and the balance in certain technologies and know-how which we are licensing to the joint venture. This contribution is expected to be payable in 2008 after the joint venture is officially registered with the Chinese government. SPG has assigned its joint venture rights and obligations to its subsidiary, China Pharmaceutical Group Limited (“CPG”). CPG has agreed to lend us our initial cash contribution for two years on an interest-free basis. Following our initial contribution, we are obligated to contribute an additional $1.2 million in cash. In lieu of cash repayment of our initial cash contribution or future cash capital contributions, we may reduce our equity participation in the joint venture or provide additional technologies, or rights to products for China, to the joint venture. If we and our joint venture partner agree, in addition to or in lieu of future contributions, if any, by the partners, the joint venture may seek government or third party financing.
On May 10, 2008, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement with a wholly-owned subsidiary of CPG. We have agreed to sell 1,080,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $1.86 per share for gross proceeds of $2,008,800.
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, including the financial statements and notes contained therein.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements regarding us and our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Such forward-looking statements include those which express plans, anticipation, intent, contingency, goals, targets or future development and/or otherwise are not statements of historical fact. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events and they are subject to risks and uncertainties known and unknown which could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include statements about the following: our financial condition, competition, our dependence on other companies to commercialize, manufacture and sell products using our technologies, the uncertainty of results of animal and human testing, the risk of product liability and liability for human clinical trials, our dependence on patents and other proprietary rights, dependence on key management officials, the availability and cost of capital, the availability of qualified personnel, changes in, or the failure to comply with, governmental regulations, the delay in obtaining or the failure to obtain regulatory approvals for our products and litigation. Factors that could cause or contribute to differences in results and outcomes include, without limitation, those discussed in “Risk Factors” below and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, such as uncertain revenue levels, rapidly changing technologies, stock price volatility and other factors discussed in our various filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Introduction
We are a biopharmaceutical company engaged in the research, production and delivery of small proteins, referred to as peptides, for medical use. We have a patented manufacturing technology for producing many peptides cost-effectively. We also have patented oral and nasal delivery technologies that have been shown to deliver medically useful amounts of various peptides into the bloodstream. We currently have two operating locations: a laboratory research facility with administrative offices in Fairfield, New Jersey and a pharmaceutical production facility in Boonton, New Jersey. A third location for administrative and regulatory offices is being constructed in Boonton, New Jersey.
Our primary focus has been on the development of calcitonin and other peptide products for the treatment of osteoporosis and other indications. Our revenue for the past three years has primarily been derived from domestic sources. We have licensed worldwide rights to our manufacturing and delivery technologies for oral PTH for the treatment of osteoporosis to GSK. We have also licensed in the U.S. our nasal calcitonin product for the treatment of osteoporosis, which we have trademarked as Fortical, to USL. Fortical was approved by the FDA in August 2005. This is our first product approval in the United States. We have also licensed worldwide rights to our patented manufacturing
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technology for the production of calcitonin to Novartis. We will license to our Chinese joint venture certain proprietary technologies and know-how to support the research, development and manufacturing of recombinant salmon calcitonin and parathyroid hormone, as well as other possible products, in the People’s Republic of China. We have an injectable calcitonin product, Forcaltonin,® that is approved for sale in the European Union for osteoporosis indications. This product has not generated significant revenue.
To expand our product pipeline: we are developing our SDBG technology in conjunction with Yale University; we have in-licensed technology from Queen Mary, University of London relating to potential therapies for inflammation and cardiovascular disease; and we periodically perform feasibility studies for third parties. Our products, other than Fortical in the United States, will require clinical trials and/or approvals from regulatory agencies and all of our products will require acceptance in the marketplace. There are risks that these clinical trials will not be successful and that we will not receive regulatory approval or significant revenue for these products.
We compete with specialized biotechnology companies, major pharmaceutical and chemical companies and universities and research institutions. Most of these competitors have substantially greater resources than we do.
We generate revenue through licensing and supply agreements with pharmaceutical companies and by achieving milestones, product sales and royalties under these agreements. Those agreements, to date, have not been sufficient to generate all of the cash necessary to meet our needs. In addition, there are risks that current collaborations will not be successful and that future collaborations will not be consummated. We have tried to mitigate these risks by developing additional proprietary technologies and by pursuing additional licensing opportunities but there is no guarantee that these efforts will be successful. We are also seeking to generate additional revenue from increased sales of Fortical, but there is no guarantee that Fortical will generate significant additional revenue.
We have also generated cash from officer loans and from stock offerings. The officer loans have added debt to our balance sheet and, after being restructured in 2007, require repayment over a five-year period beginning in May 2010. Our various stock offerings have provided needed cash but it is uncertain whether we can obtain future financing under favorable terms.
The current need of major pharmaceutical companies to add products to their pipeline is a favorable sign for us and for other small biopharmaceutical companies. However, this need is subject to rapid change and it is uncertain whether any additional pharmaceutical companies will have interest in licensing our products or technologies.
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Revenue
Revenue is summarized as follows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2008 and 2007:
| | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, |
| | 2008 | | 2007 |
Product Sales | | $ | 2,652,454 | | $ | 4,023,732 |
Royalties | | | 1,138,363 | | | 1,845,442 |
Licensing Revenue | | | 314,190 | | | 230,856 |
Development Fees and Other | | | 209,091 | | | 228,242 |
| | | | | | |
| | $ | 4,314,098 | | $ | 6,328,272 |
| | | | | | |
Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2008 decreased $2,014,000, or 32%, to $4,314,000 from $6,328,000 in the comparable period in 2007. This was primarily due to a decrease in revenue from Novartis of $1,600,000 under a 2007 supply agreement. Fortical sales to USL increased slightly to $2,652,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 as compared to $2,616,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Fortical sales fluctuate each quarter based upon USL’s ordering schedule. Fortical royalties for the quarter ended March 31, 2008 decreased $707,000, or 38%, to $1,138,000 from $1,845,000 in the comparable period of 2007. Fortical royalties fluctuate each quarter based upon the timing of USL’s shipment to its customers. In addition, royalties for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 included an extra month of royalty revenue (see below). Royalty revenue is earned on sales of Fortical by USL and is recognized in the period Fortical is sold by USL. USL’s royalty reports are based on their manufacturing quarters which prior to 2007 differed from calendar quarters by one month. Starting in the first quarter of 2007, USL began providing royalty information for the last month of the calendar quarter. Therefore, our March 31, 2007 quarter (and only that quarter) included royalty revenue for four months, from December 2006 through March 2007. Subsequent quarters have reported three months of royalty revenue, corresponding to our calendar quarters. The effect of the inclusion of the fourth month of royalty revenue in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 was an additional $536,000 of royalty revenue.
In addition, during the first quarter of 2007, we recognized $1,408,000 in product sales and $192,000 in development service fees from the $2,500,000 supply agreement signed with Novartis in January 2007. The $5,500,000 milestone from Novartis, pursuant to our April 2004 licensing agreement, was achieved in February 2007 and received in April 2007. This milestone was deferred and is being recognized over an 11-year period.
Future sales and royalties are contingent upon many factors including competition, pricing, marketing and acceptance in the marketplace and, therefore, are difficult to predict. Licensing revenue represents the partial recognition of milestones and up-front payments received in prior years. Milestone revenue is based upon one-time events and is generally correlated with the development strategy of our licensees and is therefore subject to uncertain timing and not predictive of future revenue. Bulk peptide sales to our partners under license or supply agreements prior to product approval are typically of limited quantity and duration and also not necessarily predictive of future revenue. Additional peptide sales to GSK or Novartis are dependent upon their future needs, which we cannot currently estimate. We expect that sales revenue and royalty revenue could increase in future years if USL is able to continue to increase market share for Fortical. Sales revenue from
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Fortical in 2008 and future years will depend on Fortical’s continued acceptance in the marketplace, as well as competition and other factors. It is uncertain whether or not Fortical will generate sufficient revenue for us to achieve profitability.
Costs and Expenses
Cost of goods sold varies by product and consists primarily of material costs, personnel costs, manufacturing supplies and overhead costs, such as depreciation and maintenance. Cost of goods sold decreased 21% to $1,590,000 from $2,020,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 as compared to the same period in 2007. Cost of goods sold were higher in 2007 due to the additional sales to Novartis. Cost of goods sold for the first quarter of 2008 represented our costs associated with Fortical production for USL, whose purchases from us fluctuates each quarter. Cost of goods sold for the first quarter of 2007 of $2,020,000 represented our costs associated with our Fortical production for USL and our peptide production for Novartis. Future production related expenses for 2008 and later years are dependent upon the level of future Fortical sales, as well as possible peptide production to meet our partners’ needs.
Research, development and facility expenses primarily consist of personnel costs, supplies, outside testing and consultants primarily related to our research and development efforts or activities related to our license agreements, as well as depreciation and amortization expense. All of our production and a portion of our research, development and facility costs are associated with our facility in Boonton, New Jersey, where costs are relatively fixed month-to-month. We allocate such costs to the manufacture of production batches for inventory purposes, to cost of goods sold or to research, development and facility activities, based upon the activities undertaken by the personnel in Boonton each period.
Research, development and facilities expense increased $2,000 to $2,126,000 from $2,124,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 as compared to the same period in 2007. Cost of materials and supplies decreased $669,000, primarily due to higher calcitonin production for inventory in the first quarter of 2008 which reduced 2008 material expense allocated to research, development and facility expense. In addition, contractual research increased $131,000, primarily due to our in-licensing of technology from Queen Mary, University of London. Expenses for our oral calcitonin development program increased $214,000 due to our Phase I/II clinical trial. In addition, expenditures related to our oral PTH program increased $78,000. Research and development expenses may increase in 2008, as compared to 2007, due to our continuing expenditures to further develop our oral calcitonin and oral PTH products (possibly including clinical trials) and support for our SDBG program.
General and administrative expenses increased 4% to $2,146,000 from $2,060,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 as compared to the same period in 2007. The increase was primarily attributed to an increase of $85,000 in travel expenses, primarily related to our China joint venture as well as our other collaborations. We expect general and administrative expenses to continue to increase in 2008, as compared to 2007, due to additional non-cash equity-based compensation expense and to anticipated escalation of personnel costs.
Other Income/Expense
Interest expense decreased $75,000, or 19%, in the first quarter of 2008 to $325,000 from $400,000 in the first quarter of 2007, due to the loan restructuring described below. On May 10, 2007, the outstanding principal and interest on all stockholder loans totaled $15,737,517 after an aggregate of $1,010,000 in repayments during 2007. On that date, interest rates ranged from 8.5% to 14.2% with certain loans having compound interest. The total of $15,737,517 in principal and interest was
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restructured as eight-year term notes with a fixed simple interest rate of 9% per annum. Interest expense is calculated using an effective interest method, at a rate of 7.6%, over the life of the restructured loans due to the deferred payment schedule contained in the notes. Required quarterly payments of principal and interest under these new notes begin in May 2010 over a five-year period. As a result of this loan restructuring, we expect interest expense to decline from prior periods due to reduced interest rates as well as the lack of compounding and, in addition, we hope to make prepayments in the future on this debt.
Net Loss
Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2008 increased approximately $1,609,000, or 659%, to $1,853,000 from $244,000 for the corresponding period in 2007. This was due to decreased revenue of $2,014,000, primarily due to a reduction in revenue from Novartis of $1,600,000, partially offset by a decrease in operating expenses of $342,000 mainly from a decrease in cost of goods sold of $430,000 due to the sales of peptide to Novartis in 2007. Net losses may continue unless we achieve non-deferred revenue from milestones under our GSK and Novartis agreements, sign new revenue generating research, licensing or distribution agreements or generate sufficient sales and royalties from Fortical.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
At March 31, 2008, we had cash and cash equivalents of $963,000, a decrease of $2,715,000 from December 31, 2007 and we had working capital of approximately $3,400,000. Cash received during 2008 was primarily from Fortical® sales and royalties received under our agreement with USL. Our primary sources of cash have historically been (1) licensing fees for new agreements, (2) milestone payments under licensing or development agreements, (3) bulk peptide sales under licensing or supply agreements, (4) stockholder loans and (5) the sale of our common stock. Since August 2005, we have also generated cash from Fortical sales and royalties. We cannot be certain that any of these cash sources will continue to be available to us in future years. Licensing fees from new collaborations are dependent upon the successful completion of complex and lengthy negotiations. Milestone payments are based upon progress achieved in collaborations, which cannot be guaranteed, and are often subject to factors that are controlled neither by our licensees nor us. Product sales to our partners under these agreements are based upon our licensees’ needs, which are sometimes difficult to predict. Sale of our common stock is dependent upon our ability to attract interested investors, our ability to negotiate favorable terms and the performance of the stock market in general and biotechnology investments in particular. Future Fortical sales and royalties will be affected by competition and further acceptance in the marketplace and could be impacted by manufacturing, distribution or regulatory issues.
To satisfy our short-term liquidity needs, Jay Levy, our Chairman of the Board and an officer, Warren Levy and Ronald Levy, each a director and executive officer of Unigene, and another Levy family member, from time to time (prior to 2003) made loans to us. At May 10, 2007, after principal repayments of $1,010,000 during 2007, principal and interest were $7,095,000 and $8,642,517, respectively. The total owed aggregated $15,737,517 and was restructured on May 10, 2007 as eight-year term notes with a fixed simple interest rate of 9% per annum. Required quarterly payments of principal and interest under these new notes begin in May 2010 and continue over a five-year period. As of March 31, 2008, the aggregate principal and interest outstanding under these notes was $16,836,787. These loans are secured by security interests in our equipment, real property and certain of our patents.
We believe that in the short-term we will generate cash to apply toward funding our operations primarily through sales of Fortical to our U.S. licensee, USL, royalties on USL’s sales of Fortical and
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the achievement of milestones under our existing license agreements and, in the long-term, on sales and royalties from the sale of Fortical and other licensed products and technologies. We are actively seeking additional licensing and/or supply agreements with pharmaceutical companies for oral and nasal forms of calcitonin, as well as for other peptides, for our peptide manufacturing technology and for our SDBG technology. However, we may not be successful in achieving milestones under our current agreements, in obtaining regulatory approval for our other products or in licensing any of our other products or technologies.
In April 2002, we signed a licensing agreement with GSK for a value before royalties, bulk product sales and reimbursement for development expenses of up to $150,000,000 to develop an oral formulation of an analog of PTH, currently in clinical development for the treatment of osteoporosis. PTH is in an early stage of development and it is too early to speculate on the probability or timing of a marketable PTH product (see Item 1, Note C to the financial statements).
In November 2002, we signed an exclusive U.S. licensing agreement with USL for a value before royalties of $10,000,000 to market Fortical, our patented nasal formulation of calcitonin for the treatment of osteoporosis. During the first quarter of 2008, Fortical sales were $2,652,000 and Fortical royalties were $1,138,000. We expect Fortical sales and royalties to continue in 2008 and future years, but we cannot predict the levels of activity (see Item 1, Note D to the financial statements).
In April 2004, we signed a worldwide licensing agreement with Novartis for a value before royalties of up to $18,700,000 to allow Novartis to manufacture calcitonin using our patented peptide production process. We will receive royalties on sales of any existing or future Novartis products that contain calcitonin manufactured by Novartis using our process. We plan to continue to develop our own calcitonin products. If our oral calcitonin product is successfully developed, we would purchase calcitonin from Novartis, thereby eliminating our need to construct a second, larger-scale calcitonin manufacturing facility. Novartis will be conducting all future product development and clinical trials for its oral calcitonin product. If we and Novartis each successfully develop our oral calcitonin products, we would be competing in this area. In 2007, under this agreement, we received a $5,500,000 milestone payment from Novartis for the initiation of their oral calcitonin Phase III clinical study for osteoporosis (see Item 1, Note E to the financial statements).
We are engaged in the research, production and delivery of peptide-related products. Our primary focus has been on the development of manufacturing processes and delivery technologies for various peptide products for the treatment of osteoporosis, including nasal and oral calcitonin and oral PTH. We are also developing potential products in the area of SDBG. In general, we seek to develop the basic product or technology and then license the product or technology to an established pharmaceutical, biotechnology or medical device company to complete the development, clinical trials and regulatory process. As a result, we will not control the nature, timing or cost of bringing our products and technologies to market. Each of these products and technologies is in various stages of completion.
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| • | | For nasal calcitonin, a license agreement was signed in November 2002 with USL. Fortical was approved by the FDA and launched by USL in August 2005, generating recurring sales and royalties. |
| • | | For oral calcitonin, we have two ongoing programs. Our external program with Novartis is currently in Phase III. The anticipated completion date is outside our control and unknown to us. For our internal program, we are seeking a licensee to participate in our product’s development. A small, short-term human study was initiated and successfully concluded in 2007. In February 2008, we initiated and successfully concluded a Phase I/II clinical study for oral calcitonin. The costs of future clinical trials will most likely be borne by a future licensee. Because additional clinical trials are still necessary for our oral calcitonin product, and we have not yet licensed the product, it is too early to speculate on the probability or timing of a marketable oral calcitonin product. We may incur certain additional development costs. |
| • | | For oral PTH, we signed a license agreement with GSK in April 2002. A Phase I human trial, which commenced in 2004, demonstrated positive preliminary results. However, PTH is in an early stage of development and it is too early to speculate on the probability or timing of a marketable oral PTH product. We will incur certain additional development costs. |
| • | | Under the terms of various agreements related to our joint venture in China with SPG, we are obligated to contribute up to $3,150,000 as our initial capital contribution, consisting of $1,050,000 in cash and the balance in certain technologies and know-how which we are licensing to the joint venture. This contribution is expected to be payable in 2008 after the joint venture is officially registered with the Chinese government. CPG has agreed to lend us our initial cash contribution for two years on an interest-free basis. Furthermore, with respect to the joint venture’s total capital investment of $15 million, following our initial contribution, we are obligated to contribute up to an additional $3.6 million, of which $1.2 million will be payable in cash. In lieu of cash repayment of our initial cash contribution or future cash capital contributions, we may reduce our equity participation in the joint venture or provide additional technologies, or rights to products for China, to the joint venture. If we and our joint venture partner agree, in addition to or in lieu of future contributions, if any, by the partners, the joint venture may seek government or third party financing. |
| • | | For our SDBG program, we have conducted various preclinical studies. This program is in a very early stage of development and, therefore, it is too early to speculate on the probability or timing of a license agreement for this technology or on a possible commercial product. |
Due to our limited financial resources, any decline in Fortical sales, or delay in achieving milestones under our existing license agreements, or in signing new license or distribution agreements for our products, or loss of patent protection, may have an adverse effect on our cash flow and operations. In July 2006, we and USL jointly filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Apotex for infringement of our nasal calcitonin patent. If we are unsuccessful in our lawsuit, and if Apotex receives FDA approval and is able to launch its generic version of our product, the launch could have an adverse effect on our cash flow and operations. In addition, any material interruption or failure in manufacturing, marketing or distribution of Fortical will have an adverse effect on our cash flow and operations.
If USL cannot continue to successfully market Fortical, or if we are unable to achieve significant milestones or sales under our existing agreements and/or enter into a new significant revenue generating license or other arrangement in the near term, we would need to secure another source of funding in order to satisfy our working capital needs or significantly curtail our operations. Should the
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funding we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, the consequence would be a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects. We believe that satisfying our capital requirements over the long term will require the successful commercialization of one or more of our oral or nasal calcitonin products, our oral PTH product, our SDBG program or another peptide product in the U.S. and/or abroad. However, it is uncertain whether or not any of our products other than Fortical will be approved or will be commercially successful.
We have incurred annual operating losses since our inception and, as a result, at March 31, 2008, had an accumulated deficit of approximately $125,000,000. Our cash requirements to operate our research and peptide manufacturing facilities and develop our products have increased due to higher spending on internal research projects, including oral calcitonin, oral PTH and SDBG, as well as patent infringement litigation costs. In addition, over the next several months, we have committed to purchase approximately $1,000,000 of materials for use in our internal development programs. We also expect to spend a total of approximately $1,900,000 on construction costs and furnishings for our new administrative and regulatory offices in Boonton, New Jersey of which approximately $1,300,000 has been spent as of March 31, 2008. We need additional cash from sales, milestones or upfront payments or from financings in order to meet our obligations for the next twelve months. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and as such do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The SEC defines “critical accounting policies” as those that are both important to the portrayal of a company’s financial condition and results, and require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.
The following discussion of critical accounting policies represents our attempt to bring to the attention of the readers of this report those accounting policies which we believe are critical to our financial statements and other financial disclosure. It is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our significant accounting policies, which are more fully described in Note 3 of the Notes to the Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP, with no need for management’s judgment in the application of GAAP.
Revenue Recognition: We recognize revenue from the sale of products and from royalties, licensing agreements, research services and grants. Revenue from the sale of product is recognized when title to product and risk of loss are transferred, collection is reasonably assured and we have no further obligations. If there are elements of the revenue recognition requirements that are not met at the time of shipment, the revenue is deferred and the corresponding cost of the product is included on our balance sheet as a deferred asset. Revenue from research services is recognized when services are rendered. We occasionally apply to various government agencies for research grants. Revenue from such research grants is recognized when work is conducted under the grant. Sales and grant revenues generally do not involve difficult, subjective or complex judgments. We recognize royalty revenue on an accrual basis in accordance with the terms of individual agreements. If the receipt of royalty revenue is contingent on a future event, revenue would be recognized when that event has occurred. Typically, royalties are recognized when third party results can be reliably measured and collectibility is reasonably assured. In the case of USL, we recognize royalty revenue based upon the quarterly USL royalty report. This enables a reliable measure, as well as reasonable assurances of collectibility. Royalty revenue is earned on sales of Fortical by USL and is recognized in the period
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Fortical is sold by USL. USL’s royalty reports are based on their manufacturing quarters which prior to 2007 differed from calendar quarters by one month. Starting in the first quarter of 2007, USL began providing royalty information for the last month of the calendar quarter. Therefore, our March 31, 2007 quarter (and only that quarter) includes royalty revenue for four months, from December 2006 through March 2007. All subsequent quarters have reported three months of royalty revenue, corresponding to our calendar quarters.
Licensing agreements typically include several elements of revenue, such as up-front payments, milestones, royalties upon sales of product and the delivery of product and/or research services to the licensor. We follow the accounting guidance of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104 (which superseded SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101) (“SAB 104”), an analogy to EITF No. 91-6 and EITF No. 00-21 (which became effective for contracts entered into after June 2003). Non-refundable license fees received upon execution of license agreements where we have continuing involvement are deferred and recognized as revenue over the estimated performance period of the agreement. This requires management to estimate the expected term of the agreement or, if applicable, the estimated life of its licensed patents. For our USL and GSK agreements, the following describes our revenue recognition accounting policy. Non-refundable milestone payments that represent the completion of a separate earnings process and a substantive step in the research and development process are recognized as revenue when earned at the lesser of 1) the non-refundable cash received or 2) the proportionate level of effort expended to date during the development stage multiplied by the development stage revenue. This sometimes requires management to judge whether or not a milestone has been met and when it should be recognized in the financial statements. Payments for milestones for which the completion of the earnings process is not yet complete (for example, payment received for the commencement of an activity that represents a separate earnings process) are recognized over the estimated performance period of such activity. This is to comply with the provisions of SAB 104, which provides for revenue to be recognized once delivery has occurred or services have been rendered. Royalties and/or milestones relating to sales of products by our licensees, and the delivery of products and research services, will be recognized as such events occur as they represent the completion of a separate earnings process.
In addition, EITF No. 00-21 requires a company to evaluate its arrangements under which it will perform multiple revenue-generating activities. For example, a license agreement with a pharmaceutical company may involve a license, research and development activities and/or contract manufacturing. Management is required to determine if the separate components of the agreement have value on a standalone basis and qualify as separate units of accounting, whereby consideration is allocated based upon their relative “fair values” or, if not, the consideration should be allocated based upon the “residual method.” The adoption of EITF No. 00-21 had a significant impact on our 2004 and 2007 financial statements due to the deferral of revenue from milestones achieved in those years under our 2004 Novartis license agreement. Accordingly, development stage milestone payments will be deferred and recognized as revenue over the performance period of such license agreement. As of March 31, 2008, approximately $6,435,000 of milestone payments from Novartis was being deferred over the estimated performance period through 2018.
Accounting for Stock Options: For stock options granted to employees and directors, we recognize compensation expense based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with SFAS 123(R). We estimate the fair value of each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Stock options and warrants issued to consultants are accounted for in accordance with SFAS 123(R) and EITF No. 96-18. Compensation expense is calculated each quarter for consultants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model until the option is fully vested and is included in research, development and facility expenses.
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Inventory: Production inventories, at our Boonton, NJ location are stated at the lower of cost or market, valued at actual cost which approximates FIFO. Research inventories, at our Fairfield, NJ location, are stated at the lower of cost (using the FIFO method) or market. Typically, finished goods and work in process inventory are fully reserved except for the amounts deemed saleable by management based upon current or anticipated orders, primarily under contractual arrangements.
Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Patents and Other Intangibles: Amounts paid for patents and trademarks are capitalized. Patent and trademark costs are deferred pending the successful outcome of the relevant applications. These costs primarily consist of outside legal fees and typically relate to filings and prosecution of applications for improvements to existing patents or to the filings of foreign applications based upon domestic patents. Most of these applications relate to our patented peptide manufacturing and patented oral delivery technologies. Internal costs related to intangible assets are expensed as incurred. Successful patent costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the lives of the patents, typically five to fifteen years. Successful trademark costs are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of typically five to ten years. We assess the impairment of identifiable intangibles and other long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, or we decide not to support the applications in certain jurisdictions. Some factors we consider important which could trigger an impairment review include (i) significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results; (ii) significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business; and (iii) significant negative industry or economic trends.
When we determine that the carrying value of intangible assets may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment, we first will perform an assessment of the asset’s recoverability based on expected undiscounted future net cash flow, and if the amount is less than the asset’s value, we will measure any impairment based on a projected discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by our management to be commensurate with the risk inherent in our current business model. Unsuccessful patent costs are expensed when determined worthless or when patent applications will no longer be pursued. Other intangibles are recorded at cost and are amortized over their estimated useful lives.
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Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
Prior to our May 2007 debt restructuring, we were exposed to fluctuations in interest rates due to the use of variable rate debt as a component of the funding of our operations. We did not employ specific strategies, such as the use of derivative instruments or hedging, to manage our interest rate exposure. Beginning in the first quarter of 2001, our interest rate exposure on our notes payable-stockholders was affected by our failure to make principal and interest payments when due. In May 2007, these notes were restructured into long-term notes with a fixed simple interest rate. For a further discussion, please see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Liquidity and Capital Resources,” as well as Item 1, Note F. We estimate that, due to the short-term nature of our cash and investments, a change of 100 basis points in interest rates would not have materially affected their fair value.
The information below summarizes our market risks associated with interest bearing debt obligations as of March 31, 2008. The table below presents principal cash flows and related interest rates by year of maturity based on the terms of the debt. Given our financial condition described in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” it is not practicable to estimate the fair value of our debt instruments.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Calendar Year | | | | |
Contractual Obligations | | Carrying Amount | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | | Thereafter |
Notes payable - stockholders | | $ | 15,737,517 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 2,360,628 | | $ | 3,147,503 | | $ | 3,147,503 | | $ | 7,081,883 |
Fixed interest rate: 9% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Capital leases | | | 30,374 | | | 28,508 | | | 1,866 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed interest rate: 9%-13% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 15,767,891 | | $ | 28,508 | | $ | 1,866 | | $ | 2,360,628 | | $ | 3,147,503 | | $ | 3,147,503 | | $ | 7,081,883 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |
For the quarterly period ending March 31, 2008 we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2008, our disclosure controls and procedures were designed and were being operated in a manner that provides reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Furthermore, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that there were no significant changes in our disclosure controls and procedures or in other factors that could significantly affect our disclosure controls and procedures during the quarterly period ended March 31, 2008.
Our management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, does not expect that our internal controls over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide assurance that the objectives of the control system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.
Additionally, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer determined that there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarterly period ended March 31, 2008, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
We make various statements in this section which constitute “forward-looking statements” under Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in Part 1, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report.
Our performance and financial results are subject to risks and uncertainties including, but not limited to, the specific risks disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. Except as noted below, no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the 10-K have been identified during the three months ended March 31, 2008:
We have significant historical losses and may continue to incur losses in the future.
We have incurred annual losses since our inception. As a result, at March 31, 2008, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $125,000,000. Our gross revenues for the quarter ended March 31, 2008, and the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 were $4,314,000, $20,423,000, $6,059,000 and $14,276,000, respectively. Our revenues have not been sufficient to sustain our operations. Revenue for the quarter ended March 31, 2008 consisted of Fortical sales and royalties. As of March 31, 2008, we had three material revenue generating license agreements. We believe that to achieve profitability we will require at least the successful commercialization of our oral or
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nasal calcitonin products, our oral PTH product, our SDBG technology or another peptide product in the U.S. or abroad.
For the quarter ended March 31, 2008 we had an operating loss of $1,548,000. For 2007 and 2006 we had losses from operations of $3,099,000 and $10,980,000, respectively. For 2005, we had operating income of $594,000. Our net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2008 was $1,853,000. Our net losses for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 were $3,448,000, $11,784,000 and $496,000, respectively. We might never be profitable.
Our independent registered public accounting firm has added an explanatory paragraph to their audit opinion issued in connection with the financial statements for each of the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 relative to the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our ability to generate additional revenue or obtain additional funding will determine our ability to continue as a going concern. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
We may require additional funding in the near term to sustain our operations and our ability to secure additional financing is uncertain.
We had a cash flow deficit from operations of $1,469,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2008. We generated cash flow from operations of $3,283,000 for 2007. We had cash flow deficits from operations of $10,962,000 and $2,318,000 for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. We believe that we will generate cash to apply toward funding our operations through sales of Fortical to USL, royalties from USL sales of Fortical, the achievement of milestones in the Novartis and GSK agreements and/or through the sale of peptides to licensees. However, if USL is unable to further increase the market share for Fortical, or substantially reduces Fortical’s price to meet generic or other competition, or if we are unable to achieve the milestones and sales on a timely basis, we would need additional funds in the near term to continue our operations.
We may be unable to raise on acceptable terms, if at all, the substantial capital resources necessary to conduct our operations. If we are unable to raise the required capital, we may be forced to limit some or all of our research and development programs and related operations, curtail commercialization of our product candidates and, ultimately, cease operations.
The exercise of warrants and options, as well as other issuances of shares, will likely have a dilutive effect on our stock price.
As of March 31, 2008, there were outstanding warrants to purchase 2,371,571 shares of our common stock, all but 20,000 of which were exercisable at March 31, 2008, at an average exercise price of $2.73 per share. There were also outstanding stock options to purchase an aggregate of 3,958,315 shares of common stock, at an average exercise price of $1.44, of which 3,414,546 were exercisable. The exercise of warrants or options at prices below the market price of our common stock could adversely affect the price of our common stock. Additional dilution may result from the issuance of shares of our common stock in connection with collaborations or licensing agreements or in connection with other financing efforts.
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We have financial obligations under the various agreements related to our joint venture in China.
Under the terms of the various agreements related to our joint venture in China, we are obligated to contribute up to $3,150,000 as an initial capital contribution, of which $1,050,000 is payable in cash. This contribution is expected to be payable in 2008 after the joint venture is officially registered with the Chinese government. SPG has assigned its joint venture rights and obligations to its subsidiary, CPG, and CPG has agreed to lend us our initial cash contribution for two years on an interest-free basis. Furthermore, with respect to the joint venture’s total capital investment of $15,000,000, following our initial contribution we are obligated to contribute up to an additional $3,600,000, of which $1,200,000 will be payable in cash. In lieu of cash repayment of our initial cash contribution or future cash capital contributions, we may reduce our equity participation in the joint venture or provide additional technologies to the joint venture. The technologies that we have agreed to license to the joint venture have been assigned a total value of $4,500,000. As of March 31, 2008, we have contributed $37,500 to the contractual joint venture.
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| | |
Number | | Description |
10.1 | | Amendment No. 1 to License Agreement Dated as of April 13, 2002 by and between Unigene Laboratories, Inc. and Smithkline Beecham Corporation, dated January 16, 2003.* |
| |
10.2 | | Amendment No. 2 to License Agreement Dated as of April 13, 2002 by and between Unigene Laboratories, Inc. and Smithkline Beecham Corporation, dated October 14, 2003. * |
| |
10.3 | | Amendment No. 3 to License Agreement Dated as of April 13, 2002 by and between Unigene Laboratories, Inc. and Smithkline Beecham Corporation, dated September 23, 2004. * |
| |
10.4 | | Amendment No. 4 to License Agreement Dated as of April 13, 2002 by and between Unigene Laboratories, Inc. and Smithkline Beecham Corporation, dated May 27, 2004. * |
| |
10.5 | | Amendment No. 5 to License Agreement Dated as of April 13, 2002 by and between Unigene Laboratories, Inc. and Smithkline Beecham Corporation, dated January 24, 2007. * |
| |
31.1 | | Certification by Warren P. Levy pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| |
31.2 | | Certification by William Steinhauer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| |
32.1 | | Certification by Warren P. Levy pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| |
32.2 | | Certification by William Steinhauer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
* | Portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| | | | |
| | UNIGENE LABORATORIES, INC. |
| | (Registrant) |
| | |
| | By: | | /s/ Warren P. Levy |
Date: May 12, 2008 | | | | Warren P. Levy, President |
| | | | (Chief Executive Officer) |
| | |
| | By: | | /s/ William Steinhauer |
| | | | William Steinhauer, Vice President of Finance |
| | | | (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |
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UNIGENE LABORATORIES, INC.
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
| | |
No. | | EXHIBIT |
10.1 | | Amendment No. 1 to License Agreement Dated as of April 13, 2002 by and between Unigene Laboratories, Inc. and Smithkline Beecham Corporation, dated January 16, 2003.* |
| |
10.2 | | Amendment No. 2 to License Agreement Dated as of April 13, 2002 by and between Unigene Laboratories, Inc. and Smithkline Beecham Corporation, dated October 14, 2003.* |
| |
10.3 | | Amendment No. 3 to License Agreement Dated as of April 13, 2002 by and between Unigene Laboratories, Inc. and Smithkline Beecham Corporation, dated September 23, 2004.* |
| |
10.4 | | Amendment No. 4 to License Agreement Dated as of April 13, 2002 by and between Unigene Laboratories, Inc. and Smithkline Beecham Corporation, dated May 27, 2004.* |
| |
10.5 | | Amendment No. 5 to License Agreement Dated as of April 13, 2002 by and between Unigene Laboratories, Inc. and Smithkline Beecham Corporation, dated January 24, 2007.* |
| |
31.1 | | Section 302 Certification of the Principal Executive Officer |
| |
31.2 | | Section 302 Certification of the Principal Financial Officer |
| |
32.1 | | Section 906 Certification of the Principal Executive Officer |
| |
32.2 | | Section 906 Certification of the Principal Financial Officer |
* | Portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment. |
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