Credit Quality and the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses | Credit Quality and the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses The Bancorp disaggregates ALLL balances and transactions in the ALLL by portfolio segment. Credit quality related disclosures for loans and leases are further disaggregated by class. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses The following tables summarize transactions in the ALLL by portfolio segment: For the three months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in millions) Commercial Residential Consumer Total Balance, beginning of period $ 1,165 248 601 2,014 Losses charged off (a) (47) (1) (56) (104) Recoveries of losses previously charged off (a) 15 2 25 42 Provision for loan and lease losses 25 5 117 147 Balance, end of period $ 1,158 254 687 2,099 (a) The Bancorp recorded $8 in both losses charged off and recoveries of losses previously charged off related to customer defaults on point-of-sale consumer loans for which the Bancorp obtained recoveries under third-party credit enhancements. For the three months ended September 30, 2021 ($ in millions) Commercial Residential Consumer Total Balance, beginning of period $ 1,224 235 574 2,033 Losses charged off (a) (10) (1) (45) (56) Recoveries of losses previously charged off (a) 6 2 27 35 Benefit from loan and lease losses (53) (1) (4) (58) Balance, end of period $ 1,167 235 552 1,954 (a) The Bancorp recorded $7 in both losses charged off and recoveries of losses previously charged off related to customer defaults on point-of-sale consumer loans for which the Bancorp obtained recoveries under third-party credit enhancements. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in millions) Commercial Residential Consumer Total Balance, beginning of period $ 1,102 235 555 1,892 Losses charged off (a) (95) (2) (162) (259) Recoveries of losses previously charged off (a) 19 4 77 100 Provision for loan and lease losses 132 17 217 366 Balance, end of period $ 1,158 254 687 2,099 (a) The Bancorp record ed $23 in both losses charged off and recoveries of losses previously charged off related to customer defaults on point-of-sale consumer loans for which the Bancorp obtained recoveries under third-party credit enhancements. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 ($ in millions) Commercial Residential Mortgage Consumer Total Balance, beginning of period $ 1,456 294 703 2,453 Losses charged off (a) (91) (3) (174) (268) Recoveries of losses previously charged off (a) 40 5 87 132 Benefit from loan and lease losses (238) (61) (64) (363) Balance, end of period $ 1,167 235 552 1,954 (a) The Bancorp recorded $25 in both losses charged off and recoveries of losses previously charged off related to customer defaults on point-of-sale consumer loans for which the Bancorp obtained recoveries under third-party credit enhancements. The following tables provide a summary of the ALLL and related loans and leases classified by portfolio segment: As of September 30, 2022 ($ in millions) Commercial Residential Consumer Total ALLL: (a) Individually evaluated $ 63 50 44 157 Collectively evaluated 1,095 204 643 1,942 Total ALLL $ 1,158 254 687 2,099 Portfolio loans and leases: (b) Individually evaluated $ 561 557 301 1,419 Collectively evaluated 75,217 16,918 26,320 118,455 Total portfolio loans and leases $ 75,778 17,475 26,621 119,874 (a) Includes $2 related to commercial leveraged leases at September 30, 2022. (b) Excludes $125 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value and includes $248 of commercial leveraged leases, net of unearned income at September 30, 2022. As of December 31, 2021 ($ in millions) Commercial Residential Consumer Total ALLL: (a) Individually evaluated $ 77 46 41 164 Collectively evaluated 1,025 189 514 1,728 Total ALLL $ 1,102 235 555 1,892 Portfolio loans and leases: (b) Individually evaluated $ 579 460 313 1,352 Collectively evaluated 69,689 15,783 25,072 110,544 Total portfolio loans and leases $ 70,268 16,243 25,385 111,896 (a) Includes $2 related to commercial leveraged leases at December 31, 2021. (b) Excludes $154 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value and includes $285 of commercial leveraged leases, net of unearned income at December 31, 2021. CREDIT RISK PROFILE Commercial Portfolio Segment For purposes of monitoring the credit quality and risk characteristics of its commercial portfolio segment, the Bancorp disaggregates the segment into the following classes: commercial and industrial, commercial mortgage owner-occupied, commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied, commercial construction and commercial leases. To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality within the commercial portfolio segment, the Bancorp utilizes the following categories of credit grades: pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss. The five categories, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions, are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter. Pass ratings, which are assigned to those borrowers that do not have identified potential or well-defined weaknesses and for which there is a high likelihood of orderly repayment, are updated at least annually based on the size and credit characteristics of the borrower. All other categories are updated on a quarterly basis during the month preceding the end of the calendar quarter. The Bancorp assigns a special mention rating to loans and leases that have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may, at some future date, result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or lease or the Bancorp’s credit position. The Bancorp assigns a substandard rating to loans and leases that are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged. Substandard loans and leases have well-defined weaknesses or weaknesses that could jeopardize the orderly repayment of the debt. Loans and leases in this grade also are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bancorp will sustain some loss if the deficiencies noted are not addressed and corrected. The Bancorp assigns a doubtful rating to loans and leases that have all the attributes of a substandard rating with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors that may work to the advantage of and strengthen the credit quality of the loan or lease, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors may include a proposed merger or acquisition, liquidation proceeding, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral or refinancing plans. Loans and leases classified as loss are considered uncollectible and are charged off in the period in which they are determined to be uncollectible. Because loans and leases in this category are fully charged off, they are not included in the following tables. For loans and leases that are collectively evaluated, the Bancorp utilizes models to forecast expected credit losses over a reasonable and supportable forecast period based on the probability of a loan or lease defaulting, the expected balance at the estimated date of default and the expected loss percentage given a default. For the commercial portfolio segment, the estimates for probability of default are primarily based on internal ratings assigned to each commercial borrower on a 13-point scale and historical observations of how those ratings migrate to a default over time in the context of macroeconomic conditions. For loans with available credit, the estimate of the expected balance at the time of default considers expected utilization rates, which are primarily based on macroeconomic conditions and the utilization history of similar borrowers under those economic conditions. The estimates for loss severity are primarily based on collateral type and coverage levels and the susceptibility of those characteristics to changes in macroeconomic conditions. For more information about the Bancorp’s processes for developing these models, estimating credit losses for periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period and for estimating credit losses for individually evaluated loans, refer to Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s commercial portfolio segment, by class and vintage, disaggregated by credit risk grade: As of September 30, 2022 ($ in millions) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total Commercial and industrial loans: Pass $ 3,105 3,508 1,145 567 348 631 43,715 — 53,019 Special mention 41 48 22 40 8 23 1,072 — 1,254 Substandard 60 86 245 28 10 149 1,566 — 2,144 Doubtful 14 — — — — — 6 — 20 Total commercial and industrial loans $ 3,220 3,642 1,412 635 366 803 46,359 — 56,437 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans: Pass $ 976 893 571 284 192 304 1,414 — 4,634 Special mention 12 20 15 11 13 5 52 — 128 Substandard 21 16 33 83 15 38 99 — 305 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial mortgage owner- occupied loans $ 1,009 929 619 378 220 347 1,565 — 5,067 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans: Pass $ 919 440 520 485 241 195 2,465 — 5,265 Special mention — 161 28 — — 28 136 — 353 Substandard 100 1 18 4 3 17 119 — 262 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans $ 1,019 602 566 489 244 240 2,720 — 5,880 Commercial construction loans: Pass $ 75 28 93 9 35 7 4,895 — 5,142 Special mention — — — — — — 151 — 151 Substandard 49 — — — — 2 229 — 280 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial construction loans $ 124 28 93 9 35 9 5,275 — 5,573 Commercial leases: Pass $ 444 715 331 214 167 782 — — 2,653 Special mention — 24 4 6 22 23 — — 79 Substandard 1 9 7 9 13 50 — — 89 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial leases $ 445 748 342 229 202 855 — — 2,821 Total commercial loans and leases: Pass $ 5,519 5,584 2,660 1,559 983 1,919 52,489 — 70,713 Special mention 53 253 69 57 43 79 1,411 — 1,965 Substandard 231 112 303 124 41 256 2,013 — 3,080 Doubtful 14 — — — — — 6 — 20 Total commercial loans and leases $ 5,817 5,949 3,032 1,740 1,067 2,254 55,919 — 75,778 As of December 31, 2021 ($ in millions) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total Commercial and industrial loans: Pass $ 4,266 2,291 1,198 552 356 752 39,486 — 48,901 Special mention 37 22 12 29 22 5 665 — 792 Substandard 19 52 36 69 52 115 1,623 — 1,966 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial loans $ 4,322 2,365 1,246 650 430 872 41,774 — 51,659 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans: Pass $ 1,082 804 471 296 183 331 1,141 — 4,308 Special mention — 31 46 17 2 40 69 — 205 Substandard 22 38 3 12 3 27 91 — 196 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans $ 1,104 873 520 325 188 398 1,301 — 4,709 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans: Pass $ 635 733 595 284 141 302 1,977 — 4,667 Special mention 89 12 11 5 7 9 162 — 295 Substandard 160 78 4 3 9 3 388 — 645 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans $ 884 823 610 292 157 314 2,527 — 5,607 Commercial construction loans: Pass $ 50 69 11 37 — 9 4,488 — 4,664 Special mention — 39 — — — — 193 — 232 Substandard 17 — — — — — 328 — 345 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial construction loans $ 67 108 11 37 — 9 5,009 — 5,241 Commercial leases: Pass $ 1,019 436 284 231 233 776 — — 2,979 Special mention 4 4 5 9 — 8 — — 30 Substandard 7 3 8 10 13 2 — — 43 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial leases $ 1,030 443 297 250 246 786 — — 3,052 Total commercial loans and leases: Pass $ 7,052 4,333 2,559 1,400 913 2,170 47,092 — 65,519 Special mention 130 108 74 60 31 62 1,089 — 1,554 Substandard 225 171 51 94 77 147 2,430 — 3,195 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial loans and leases $ 7,407 4,612 2,684 1,554 1,021 2,379 50,611 — 70,268 Age Analysis of Past Due Commercial Loans and Leases The following tables summarize the Bancorp’s amortized cost basis in portfolio commercial loans and leases, by age and class: Current Loans and Leases (a) Past Due Total Loans 90 Days Past As of September 30, 2022 ($ in millions) 30-89 Days (a) 90 Days or More (a) Total Commercial loans and leases: Commercial and industrial loans (b) $ 56,256 144 37 181 56,437 16 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 5,050 16 1 17 5,067 — Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 5,876 3 1 4 5,880 — Commercial construction loans 5,571 — 2 2 5,573 — Commercial leases 2,802 9 10 19 2,821 10 Total portfolio commercial loans and leases $ 75,555 172 51 223 75,778 26 (a) Includes accrual and nonaccrual loans and leases. (b) Includes loans related to the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program of which $3 were 30-89 days past due and $8 were 90 days or more past due. Current Loans and Leases (a) Past Due Total Loans 90 Days Past As of December 31, 2021 ($ in millions) 30-89 Days (a) 90 Days or More (a) Total Commercial loans and leases: Commercial and industrial loans (b) $ 51,549 61 49 110 51,659 17 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 4,701 4 4 8 4,709 1 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 5,606 — 1 1 5,607 — Commercial construction loans 5,241 — — — 5,241 1 Commercial leases 3,035 16 1 17 3,052 — Total portfolio commercial loans and leases $ 70,132 81 55 136 70,268 19 (a) Includes accrual and nonaccrual loans and leases. (b) Includes loans related to the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program, of which $20 were 30-89 days past due and $6 were 90 days or more past due. Residential Mortgage and Consumer Portfolio Segments For purposes of monitoring the credit quality and risk characteristics of its consumer portfolio segment, the Bancorp disaggregates the segment into the following classes: home equity, indirect secured consumer loans, credit card and other consumer loans. The Bancorp’s residential mortgage portfolio segment is also a separate class. The Bancorp considers repayment performance as the best indicator of credit quality for residential mortgage and consumer loans, which includes both the delinquency status and performing versus nonperforming status of the loans. The delinquency status of all residential mortgage and consumer loans and the performing versus nonperforming status are presented in the following table. Loans and leases which received payment deferrals or forbearances as part of the Bancorp’s COVID-19 customer relief programs are generally not reported as delinquent during the forbearance or deferral period if the loan or lease was less than 30 days past due at March 1, 2020 (the effective date of the COVID-19 national emergency declaration) unless the loan or lease subsequently becomes delinquent according to its modified terms. Refer to Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for additional information. For collectively evaluated loans in the consumer and residential mortgage portfolio segments, the Bancorp’s expected credit loss models primarily utilize the borrower’s FICO score and delinquency history in combination with macroeconomic conditions when estimating the probability of default. The estimates for loss severity are primarily based on collateral type and coverage levels and the susceptibility of those characteristics to changes in macroeconomic conditions. The expected balance at the estimated date of default is also particularly significant for portfolio classes which generally have longer terms (such as residential mortgage loans and home equity) and portfolio classes containing a high concentration of loans with revolving privileges (such as home equity). The estimate of the expected balance at the time of default considers expected prepayment and utilization rates where applicable, which are primarily based on macroeconomic conditions and the utilization history of similar borrowers under those economic conditions. Refer to Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for additional information about the Bancorp’s process for developing these models and its process for estimating credit losses for periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s residential mortgage and consumer portfolio segments, by class and vintage, disaggregated by both age and performing versus nonperforming status: As of September 30, 2022 ($ in millions) Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total Residential mortgage loans: Performing: Current (a) $ 2,836 5,528 3,042 1,079 358 4,495 — — 17,338 30-89 days past due 1 1 2 1 — 12 — — 17 90 days or more past due — 1 — — 1 5 — — 7 Total performing 2,837 5,530 3,044 1,080 359 4,512 — — 17,362 Nonperforming — 2 3 4 6 98 — — 113 Total residential mortgage loans (b) $ 2,837 5,532 3,047 1,084 365 4,610 — — 17,475 Home equity: Performing: Current $ 12 2 5 9 13 93 3,760 15 3,909 30-89 days past due — — — — — 2 20 — 22 90 days or more past due — — — — — 1 — — 1 Total performing 12 2 5 9 13 96 3,780 15 3,932 Nonperforming — — — — — 8 59 1 68 Total home equity $ 12 2 5 9 13 104 3,839 16 4,000 Indirect secured consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 4,944 6,430 2,920 1,413 508 298 — — 16,513 30-89 days past due 18 32 23 19 11 5 — — 108 90 days or more past due 1 3 2 2 1 1 — — 10 Total performing 4,963 6,465 2,945 1,434 520 304 — — 16,631 Nonperforming — 1 6 3 3 2 — — 15 Total indirect secured consumer loans $ 4,963 6,466 2,951 1,437 523 306 — — 16,646 Credit card: Performing: Current $ — — — — — — 1,715 — 1,715 30-89 days past due — — — — — — 18 — 18 90 days or more past due — — — — — — 14 — 14 Total performing — — — — — — 1,747 — 1,747 Nonperforming — — — — — — 23 — 23 Total credit card $ — — — — — — 1,770 — 1,770 Other consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 1,723 607 391 191 125 160 957 24 4,178 30-89 days past due 5 5 3 2 2 2 4 — 23 90 days or more past due — — — — — — 1 — 1 Total performing 1,728 612 394 193 127 162 962 24 4,202 Nonperforming 1 1 — — — 1 — — 3 Total other consumer loans $ 1,729 613 394 193 127 163 962 24 4,205 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 9,515 12,567 6,358 2,692 1,004 5,046 6,432 39 43,653 30-89 days past due 24 38 28 22 13 21 42 — 188 90 days or more past due 1 4 2 2 2 7 15 — 33 Total performing 9,540 12,609 6,388 2,716 1,019 5,074 6,489 39 43,874 Nonperforming 1 4 9 7 9 109 82 1 222 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans (b) $ 9,541 12,613 6,397 2,723 1,028 5,183 6,571 40 44,096 (a) Information includes advances made pursuant to servicing agreements for GNMA mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. As of September 30, 2022, $74 of these loans were 30-89 days past due and $139 were 90 days or more past due. The Bancorp recognized an immaterial amount and $2 of losses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, due to claim denials and curtailments associated with these insured or guaranteed loans. (b) Excludes $125 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value at September 30, 2022, including $2 of nonperforming loans. As of December 31, 2021 ($ in millions) Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total Residential mortgage loans: Performing: Current (a) $ 5,886 3,309 1,294 418 954 4,261 — — 16,122 30-89 days past due 1 1 1 1 1 13 — — 18 90 days or more past due — 2 4 3 9 52 — — 70 Total performing 5,887 3,312 1,299 422 964 4,326 — — 16,210 Nonperforming — — 1 — 2 30 — — 33 Total residential mortgage loans (b) $ 5,887 3,312 1,300 422 966 4,356 — — 16,243 Home equity: Performing: Current $ 2 6 13 18 2 113 3,815 12 3,981 30-89 days past due — — — — — 3 22 — 25 90 days or more past due — — — — — 1 — — 1 Total performing 2 6 13 18 2 117 3,837 12 4,007 Nonperforming — — — — — 9 67 1 77 Total home equity $ 2 6 13 18 2 126 3,904 13 4,084 Indirect secured consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 8,732 4,206 2,221 902 389 194 — — 16,644 30-89 days past due 26 24 25 17 8 3 — — 103 90 days or more past due 2 2 2 2 1 — — — 9 Total performing 8,760 4,232 2,248 921 398 197 — — 16,756 Nonperforming — 12 5 5 3 2 — — 27 Total indirect secured consumer loans $ 8,760 4,244 2,253 926 401 199 — — 16,783 Credit card: Performing: Current $ — — — — — — 1,710 — 1,710 30-89 days past due — — — — — — 18 — 18 90 days or more past due — — — — — — 15 — 15 Total performing — — — — — — 1,743 — 1,743 Nonperforming — — — — — — 23 — 23 Total credit card $ — — — — — — 1,766 — 1,766 Other consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 692 530 275 174 105 47 913 — 2,736 30-89 days past due 3 2 3 2 1 — 2 1 14 90 days or more past due — — 1 — — — — — 1 Total performing 695 532 279 176 106 47 915 1 2,751 Nonperforming — — — — — — 1 — 1 Total other consumer loans $ 695 532 279 176 106 47 916 1 2,752 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans: Performing: Current $ 15,312 8,051 3,803 1,512 1,450 4,615 6,438 12 41,193 30-89 days past due 30 27 29 20 10 19 42 1 178 90 days or more past due 2 4 7 5 10 53 15 — 96 Total performing 15,344 8,082 3,839 1,537 1,470 4,687 6,495 13 41,467 Nonperforming — 12 6 5 5 41 91 1 161 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans (b) $ 15,344 8,094 3,845 1,542 1,475 4,728 6,586 14 41,628 (a) Information includes advances made pursuant to servicing agreements for GNMA mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. As of December 31, 2021, $49 of these loans were 30-89 days past due and $139 were 90 days or more past due. The Bancorp recognized $1 and $2 of losses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 due to claim denials and curtailments associated with these insured or guaranteed loans. (b) Excludes $154 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value at December 31, 2021, including $2 of 90 days or more past due loans. Collateral-Dependent Loans and Leases The Bancorp considers a loan or lease to be collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. When a loan or lease is collateral-dependent, its fair value is generally based on the fair value less cost to sell of the underlying collateral. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s collateral-dependent loans and leases, by portfolio class, as of: ($ in millions) September 30, December 31, Commercial loans and leases: Commercial and industrial loans $ 469 467 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 12 22 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 29 31 Commercial construction loans 50 56 Commercial leases 1 3 Total commercial loans and leases $ 561 579 Residential mortgage loans 60 60 Consumer loans: Home equity 55 58 Indirect secured consumer loans 7 8 Total consumer loans $ 62 66 Total portfolio loans and leases $ 683 705 Nonperforming Assets Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans and leases for which ultimate collectability of the full amount of the principal and/or interest is uncertain; restructured commercial, credit card and consumer loans which do not meet the requirements to be classified as a performing asset; and certain other assets, including OREO and other repossessed property. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s nonaccrual loans and leases, by class, and OREO and other repossessed property as of: September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 ($ in millions) With an ALLL No Related Total With an ALLL No Related Total Commercial loans and leases: Commercial and industrial loans $ 151 103 254 151 128 279 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 8 8 16 10 13 23 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 21 3 24 22 3 25 Commercial construction loans — 2 2 6 — 6 Commercial leases — 2 2 3 1 4 Total nonaccrual portfolio commercial loans and leases $ 180 118 298 192 145 337 Residential mortgage loans 70 45 115 14 19 33 Consumer loans: Home equity 49 19 68 53 24 77 Indirect secured consumer loans 12 3 15 21 6 27 Credit card 23 — 23 23 — 23 Other consumer loans 3 — 3 1 — 1 Total nonaccrual portfolio consumer loans $ 87 22 109 98 30 128 Total nonaccrual portfolio loans and leases (a)(b) $ 337 185 522 304 194 498 OREO and other repossessed property — 24 24 — 29 29 Total nonperforming portfolio assets (a)(b) $ 337 209 546 304 223 527 (a) Excludes an immaterial amount and $15 of nonaccrual loans held for sale as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. (b) Includes $14 and $26 of nonaccrual government insured commercial loans whose repayments are insured by the SBA as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, of which $8 and $11 are restructured nonaccrual government insured commercial loans as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Bancorp recognized an immaterial amount of interest income on nonaccrual loans and leases for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The Bancorp’s amortized cost basis of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction was $167 million and $84 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Troubled Debt Restructurings A loan is accounted for as a TDR if the Bancorp, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. TDRs include concessions granted under reorganization, arrangement or other provisions of the Federal Bankruptcy Act. Within each of the Bancorp’s loan classes, TDRs typically involve either a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, an extension of the loan’s maturity date with a stated rate lower than the current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, or in limited circumstances, a reduction of the principal balance of the loan or the loan’s accrued interest. Modifying the terms of a loan may result in an increase or decrease to the ALLL depending upon the terms modified, the method used to measure the ALLL for a loan prior to modification, the extent of collateral, and whether any charge-offs were recorded on the loan before or at the time of modification. Refer to the ALLL section of Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for information on the Bancorp’s ALLL methodology. Upon modification of a loan, the Bancorp measures the expected credit loss as either the difference between the amortized cost of the loan and the fair value of collateral less cost to sell or the difference between the estimated future cash flows expected to be collected on the modified loan, discounted at the original effective yield of the loan, and the carrying value of the loan. The resulting measurement may result in the need for minimal or no allowance regardless of which is used because it is probable that all cash flows will be collected under the modified terms of the loan. In addition, if the stated interest rate was increased in a TDR that is not collateral-dependent, the cash flows on the modified loan, using the pre-modification interest rate as the discount rate, often exceed the amortized cost basis of the loan. Conversely, upon a modification that reduces the stated interest rate on a loan that is not collateral-dependent, the Bancorp recognizes an increase to the ALLL. If a TDR involves a reduction of the principal balance of the loan or the loan’s accrued interest, that amount is charged off to the ALLL. Loans discharged in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower are treated as nonaccrual collateral-dependent loans with a charge-off recognized to reduce the carrying values of such loans to the fair value of the related collateral less costs to sell. Certain loan modifications which were made in response to the COVID-19 pandemic were not evaluated for classification as a TDR. Refer to the Regulatory Developments Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic section of Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for additional information. The Bancorp had commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose terms have been modified in a TDR, consisting of line of credit and letter of credit commitments of $122 million and $66 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2022 compared to $121 million and $66 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2021. The following tables provide a summary of portfolio loans, by class, modified in a TDR by the Bancorp during the three months ended: September 30, 2022 ($ in millions) Number of Loans Modified in a TDR During the Period (a) Amortized Cost Basis Increase Charge-offs Commercial loans: Commercial and industrial loans 19 $ 31 — — Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 2 1 — — Residential mortgage loans 190 28 — — Consumer loans: Home equity 54 3 (1) — Indirect secured consumer loans 448 7 — — Credit card 1,380 7 3 — Total portfolio loans 2,093 $ 77 2 — (a) Represents number of loans post-modification and excludes loans previously modified in a TDR. September 30, 2021 ($ in millions) Number of Loans Modified in a TDR During the Period (a) Amortized Cost Basis Increase Charge-offs Commercial loans: Commercial and industrial loans 29 $ 23 (1) — Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 3 1 — — Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 1 — — — Residential mortgage loans 98 15 1 — Consumer loans: Home equity 54 3 (1) — Indirect secured consumer loans 1,045 19 — — Credit card 1,170 6 2 — Total portfolio loans 2,400 $ 67 1 — (a) Represents number of loans post-modification and excludes loans previously modified in a TDR. The following tables provide a summary of loans and leases, by class, modified in a TDR by the Bancorp during the nine months ended: September 30, 2022 ($ in millions) Number of Loans Modified in a TDR During the Period (a) Amortized Cost Basis Increase Charge-offs Commercial loans: Commercial and industrial loans 69 $ 196 13 — Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 8 5 (1) — Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 3 23 — — Commercial construction loans 2 4 (3) — Residential mortgage loans 928 143 7 — Consumer loans: Home equity 178 13 (3) — Indirect secured consumer loans 2,499 48 1 — Credit card 3,694 19 8 — Total portfolio loans 7,381 $ 451 22 — (a) Represents number of loans post-modification and excludes loans previously modified in a TDR. September 30, 2021 ($ in millions) Number of Loans Modified in a TDR During the Period (a) Amortized Cost Basis Increase Charge-offs Commercial loans: Commercial and industrial loans 55 $ 54 — — Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 4 6 — — Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 4 26 — — Residential mortgage loans 400 74 3 — Consumer loans: Home equity 151 8 (2) — Indirect secured consumer loans 3,238 70 1 — Credit card 4,338 24 6 — Total portfolio loans 8,190 $ 262 8 — (a) Represents number of loans post-modification and excludes loans previously modified in a TDR. The Bancorp considers TDRs that become 90 days or more past due under the modified terms as subsequently defaulted. For commercial loans not subject to individual evaluation for an ALLL, the applicable commercial models are applied for purposes of determining the ALLL as well as qualitatively assessing whether those loans are reasonably expected to be further restructured prior to their maturity date and, if so, the impact such a restructuring would have on the remaining contractual life of the loans. When a residential mortgage, home equity, indirect secured consumer or other consumer loan that has been modified in a TDR subsequently defaults, the present value of expected cash flows used in the measurement of the expected credit loss is generally limited to the expected net proceeds fr |